Volume 45 Annals 45: Shundi 8

順帝八

Shundi 8

十七年春正月丙子朔，日有食之。以伯顏禿古思為大司徒。辛卯，命山東分省團結義兵，每州添設判官一員，每縣添設主簿一員，專率義兵以事守禦，仍命各路達魯花赤提調，聽宣慰使司節制。丙申，監察御史哈剌章言：「淮東道廉訪使褚不華，徇忠盡節，宜加褒贈，優恤其家。」從之。

In the seventeenth year, on the new moon of bingzi in the first month of spring, there was a solar eclipse. Bayan Toghus was appointed grand preceptor of state. On the xinmao day, the Shandong branch secretariat was ordered to muster righteous militia; each prefecture was to add one assistant prefect and each county one registrar, charged solely with leading righteous militia for defense, while the darughachi of each circuit were to supervise them under the pacification commissioner's office. On the bingshen day, investigating censor Hala Zhang said: "Chu Buhua, surveillance commissioner of the Huaidong circuit, gave his life in loyal service; he should receive posthumous honors, and his family should receive generous relief." The proposal was adopted.

二月壬子，賊犯七盤、藍田，命察罕帖木兒以軍會答兒麻亦兒守陜州、潼關；哈剌不花由潼關抵陜西，會豫王阿剌忒納失裏及定住等同進討。癸丑，太陰犯五車。以征河南許、亳、太康、嵩、汝大捷，詔赦天下。戊辰，知樞密院事脫脫復邳州，調客省使撒兒答溫等攻黃河南岸賊，大破之。壬申，劉福通遣其黨毛貴陷膠州，僉樞密院事脫歡死之。甲戌，倪文俊陷峽州。是月，李武、崔德陷商州，察罕帖木兒與李思齊以兵自陜、虢援陜西，以察罕帖木兒為陜西行省左丞，李思齊為四川行省左丞。詔以高寶為四川行省參知政事，將兵取中興，不克，賊遂破轆轤關。

In the second month, on the renzi day, rebels attacked Qipan and Lantian; Chaghan Temür was ordered to lead troops to join Darmaghayir in defending Shaanzhou and Tong Pass; Qara Buqa advanced from Tong Pass into Shaanxi and joined Prince Yu Ala Temür, Dingzhu, and others in a joint punitive campaign. On the guichou day, the moon transgressed the Five Chariots constellation. Because of the great victory in the campaign against Xu, Bo, Taikang, Song, and Ru in Henan, an edict granted a general amnesty throughout the realm. On the wuchen day, Toghto, commissioner of the bureau of military affairs, recovered Pizhou and dispatched the guest-reception commissioner Sar Dawin and others to attack rebels on the south bank of the Yellow River, inflicting a great defeat on them. On the renshen day, Liu Futong sent his follower Mao Gui, who captured Jiaozhou; Toqon, associate commissioner of the bureau of military affairs, was killed in the fighting. On the jiaxu day, Ni Wenjun captured Xiazhou. That month, Li Wu and Cui De captured Shangzhou; Chaghan Temür and Li Siji led troops from Shaan and Guo to relieve Shaanxi; Chaghan Temür was appointed left vice director of the Shaanxi branch secretariat, and Li Siji was appointed left vice director of the Sichuan branch secretariat. An edict appointed Gao Bao associate chief minister of the Sichuan branch secretariat and ordered him to lead troops to recover Zhongxing; he failed, and the rebels then broke through Lulu Pass.

三月乙亥朔，義兵萬戶賽甫丁、阿迷裏丁叛據泉州。庚辰，毛貴陷萊州，守臣山東宣慰副使釋嘉訥死之。壬午，大明兵取常州路。甲申，太陰犯鬼宿。壬辰，歲星犯壘壁陣。甲午，毛貴陷益都路，益王買奴遁，自是山東郡邑皆陷。乙未，以江淮行樞密院副使董摶霄為山東宣慰使。丁酉，毛貴陷濱州。戊戌，以中書平章政事帖裏帖木兒為御史大夫，悟良哈臺、斡欒並為中書平章政事。

In the third month, on the new moon of yihai, the righteous-militia commanders Saif al-Din and Amir al-Din rebelled and seized Quanzhou. On the gengchen day, Mao Gui captured Laizhou; Shijian'a, associate pacification commissioner of Shandong, was killed defending the city. On the renwu day, Ming forces captured Changzhou circuit. On the jiashen day, the moon transgressed the Ghost constellation. On the renchen day, Jupiter transgressed the Encampment Wall formation. On the jiawu day, Mao Gui captured Yidu circuit; Prince Yi Mainu fled, and from this time onward all prefectures and counties in Shandong fell. On the yiwei day, Dong Bowo, associate commissioner of the Jianghuai branch bureau of military affairs, was appointed pacification commissioner of Shandong. On the dingyou day, Mao Gui captured Binzhou. On the wuxu day, Tegel Temür, chief minister of the Secretariat, was appointed censor-in-chief; Ulugh Qada'i and Olon were both appointed chief ministers of the Secretariat.

夏四月丙午，監察御史五十九言：「今京師周圍，雖設二十四營，軍卒疲弱，素不訓練，誠為虛設，儻有不測，誠可寒心。宜速選擇驍勇精銳，衛護大駕，鎮守京師，實當今奠安根本、固堅人心之急務。況武備莫重於兵，而養兵莫先於食。今朝廷撥降鈔錠，措置農具，命總兵官於河南克復州郡，且耕且戰，甚合寓兵於農之意。為今之計，權命總兵官從宜於軍官內選委能撫字軍民者，兼路府州縣之職，務要農事有成，軍民得所，則擾民之害亦除，而匱乏之憂亦釋矣。」帝嘉納之。乙卯，毛貴陷莒州。丙辰，京師立便民六庫，倒易昏鈔。辛酉，以咬咬為甘肅行省左丞相。答失八都魯加太尉、四川行省左丞相。漢中道廉訪司糾陜西行省左丞蕭家奴遇賊逃竄，失陷所守郡邑，詔正其罪。是月，車駕時巡上都。封江西行省平章政事火你赤為營國公。大明兵取寧國路。

In summer, on the bingwu day of the fourth month, investigating censor Wujiu said: "Around the capital today, although twenty-four camps have been established, the troops are weak and have never been drilled; they exist in name only, and if anything unforeseen should happen, it would be truly alarming. Brave elite troops should quickly be selected to guard the imperial carriage and garrison the capital; this is truly the urgent task of securing the foundation and steadying popular morale today. Moreover, in military preparedness nothing matters more than troops, and in sustaining troops nothing comes before provisions. The court has now allocated paper-currency ingots and arranged farm tools, ordering overall commanders in the recovered prefectures and counties of Henan to farm while fighting—this accords well with the idea of embedding soldiers among farmers. For the present, overall commanders should be empowered to select from among military officers those able to govern soldiers and civilians well and to hold concurrently circuit, prefecture, and county posts, so that agriculture may succeed and soldiers and civilians may find security; then the harm of harassing the people will be removed and the worry of scarcity relieved." The emperor praised and adopted the proposal. On the yimao day, Mao Gui captured Juzhou. On the bingchen day, six convenience treasuries were established in the capital to exchange worn paper currency. On the xinyou day, Yao Yao was appointed left chief minister of the Gansu branch secretariat. Darmabala was promoted to grand commander and appointed left chief minister of the Sichuan branch secretariat. The Hanzhong circuit surveillance commission impeached Xiao Jianu, left vice director of the Shaanxi branch secretariat, for fleeing when rebels appeared and losing the prefectures and counties he had been charged to defend; an edict ordered that he be punished according to law. That month, the emperor made his seasonal tour to Shangdu. Huo Niji, chief minister of the Jiangxi branch secretariat, was enfeoffed as Duke of Ying. Ming forces captured Ningguo circuit.

五月乙亥朔，命知樞密院事孛蘭奚進兵討山東。戊寅，平章政事亦老溫帖木兒復武安州等三十餘城。丙申，命搠思監為右丞相，太平為左丞相，詔天下。免民今歲稅糧之半。詔以永昌宣慰司屬詹事院。六月甲辰朔，以實理門為中書分省右丞，守濟寧。丙辰，監察御史脫脫穆而言：「去歲河南之賊窺伺河北，惟河南與山東互相策應，為害尤大。為今之計，中書當遴選能將，就太不花、答失八都魯、阿魯三處軍馬內，擇其精銳，以守河北，進可以制河南之侵，退可以攻山東之寇，庶幾無虞。」從之。己未，以帖裏帖木兒、老的沙並為御史大夫。庚申，大明兵取江陰州。壬申，帖裏帖木兒糾陜西知行樞密院事也先帖木兒，遂命罷陜西行樞密院，令也先帖木兒居於草地。癸酉，溫州路樂清江中龍起，颶風作，有火光如球。是月，劉福通犯汴梁，其軍分三道，關先生、破頭潘、馮長舅、沙劉二、王士誠寇晉、冀，白不信、大刀敖、李喜喜趨關中，毛貴據山東，其勢大振。

In the fifth month, on the new moon of yihai, Bolanxi, commissioner of the bureau of military affairs, was ordered to advance troops to suppress Shandong. On the wuyin day, Yol Temür, chief minister of the Secretariat, recovered Wu'an prefecture and more than thirty other cities. On the bingshen day, Suosijian was appointed right chief minister and Taiping was appointed left chief minister, and an edict was proclaimed throughout the realm. Half of this year's grain tax was remitted for the people. An edict placed the Yongchang pacification commission under the household of the heir apparent. In the sixth month, on the new moon of jiachen, Shiremen was appointed right vice director of the branch secretariat and ordered to defend Jining. On the bingchen day, investigating censor Toghto Muer said: "Last year the rebels of Henan watched for an opening in Hebei; only because Henan and Shandong supported each other did the damage become especially severe. For the present, the Secretariat should select able generals and, from the troops at the three stations of Toqto'a, Darmabala, and Aru, choose their elite forces to guard Hebei; advancing they can check incursions from Henan, retreating they can strike rebels in Shandong, and thus the realm may be kept secure." The proposal was adopted. On the jiwei day, Tegel Temür and Laodsha were both appointed censor-in-chief. On the gengshen day, Ming forces captured Jiangyin prefecture. On the renshen day, Tegel Temür impeached Yesun Temür, acting commissioner of the Shaanxi branch bureau of military affairs; the Shaanxi branch bureau was then abolished, and Yesun Temür was ordered to reside on the steppe. On the guiyou day, in the Yueqing River of Wenzhou circuit a dragon rose, a hurricane arose, and a ball of fire appeared. That month, Liu Futong attacked Bianliang; his army divided into three routes—Master Guan, Potou Pan, Feng Changjiu, Sha Liu'er, and Wang Shicheng raided Shanxi and Hebei; Bai Buxin, Dadao Ao, and Li Xixi pressed into Guanzhong; Mao Gui held Shandong—and their power greatly revived.

秋七月己卯，帖裏帖木兒奏續集《風憲宏綱》。庚辰，大明兵取徽州路。癸未，太白犯鬼宿。甲申，太陰犯斗宿。乙酉，命右丞相搠思監領宣政院事，平章政事臧卜知經筵事，參知政事李稷同知經筵事，參知政事完者帖木兒兼太府卿。丁亥，填星犯鬼宿。戊子，以李稷為御史中丞。中書省臣言：「山東般陽、益都相次而陷，濟南日危，宜選將練卒，信賞必罰，為保燕、趙計，以衛京師。」不報。己丑，鎮守黃河義兵萬戶田豐叛，陷濟寧路，分省右丞實理門遁，義兵萬戶孟本周攻之，田豐敗走，本周還守濟寧。甲午，以御史中丞完者帖木兒為中書右丞，河南廉訪使俺普為中書參知政事。監察御史叠裏彌實、劉傑言：「疆域日蹙，兵律不嚴，陜西、汴梁、淮潁、山東之寇有窺伺燕、趙之志，宜俯詢大臣，共圖克復之宜，預定守備之策。」不報。是月，立四方獻言詳定使司，秩正三品。歸德府知府林茂、萬戶時公權叛，以城降於賊，歸德府及曹州皆陷。

In autumn, on the jimao day of the seventh month, Tegel Temür memorialized a continuation of the Comprehensive Outline of Surveillance and Rectification. On the gengchen day, Ming forces captured Huizhou circuit. On the guiwei day, Venus transgressed the Ghost constellation. On the jiashen day, the moon transgressed the Dipper constellation. On the yiyou day, right chief minister Suosijian was ordered to take charge of the Court for the Spread of Governance; chief minister Zangbu was appointed director of the Classics Colloquium; associate chief minister Li Ji was appointed associate director of the Classics Colloquium; and associate chief minister Qanji Temür was appointed concurrently director of the Imperial Treasury. On the dinghai day, Saturn transgressed the Ghost constellation. On the wuzi day, Li Ji was appointed vice censor-in-chief. A minister of the Secretariat said: "Banyang and Yidu in Shandong have fallen one after another, and Jinan grows more perilous by the day. Able generals and drilled troops should be selected, with rewards and punishments made certain, to secure Yan and Zhao and guard the capital." No response was given. On the jichou day, Tian Feng, commander of the righteous militia guarding the Yellow River, rebelled and captured Jining circuit; Shiremen, right vice director of the branch secretariat, fled; the righteous-militia commander Meng Benzhou attacked him; Tian Feng was defeated and fled, and Benzhou returned to defend Jining. On the jiawu day, Qanji Temür, vice censor-in-chief, was appointed right vice director of the Secretariat, and Anpu, surveillance commissioner of Henan, was appointed associate chief minister of the Secretariat. Investigating censors Diermishi and Liu Jie said: "The realm shrinks daily, military discipline is lax, and rebels in Shaanxi, Bianliang, Huaiying, and Shandong watch for a chance against Yan and Zhao; the emperor should consult the chief ministers on measures for recovery and settle defensive plans in advance." No response was given. That month, the bureau for the examination and ratification of advice submitted from the four quarters was established at the third rank, upper grade. Lin Mao, prefect of Guide prefecture, and Shi Gongquan, commander of ten thousand, rebelled and surrendered the city to the rebels; Guide prefecture and Caozhou both fell.

八月癸卯朔，填星犯鬼宿，太白犯軒轅。癸丑，劉福通兵陷大名路，遂自曹、濮陷衛輝路，答失八都魯之子孛羅帖木兒與萬戶方脫脫擊之。甲子，太陰犯五車。乙丑，以陜西行臺御史中丞伯嘉訥為陜西行省平章政事；淮南行省參知政事余闕為淮南行省左丞；江浙行省參知政事楊完者升左丞；方國珍為江浙行省參知政事，海道運糧萬戶如故。丙寅，慶陽府鎮原州大雹。是月，大駕還自上都。薊州大水。詔知樞密院事紐的該進討山東。大明兵取揚州路。平江路張士誠，俾前江南行臺御史中丞蠻子海牙為書請降，江浙左丞相達識帖睦邇承制令參知政事周伯琦等至平江撫諭之，詔以士誠為太尉，士德為淮南行省平章政事，時士德已為大明兵所擒。九月丙子，命同知樞密院事壽童以兵討冠州。以老的沙為中書省平章政事兼兀良海牙指揮使。甲午，澤州陵川縣陷，縣尹張輔死之。戊戌，太不花復大名路並所屬郡縣。辛丑，詔中書右丞也先不花、御史中丞成遵奉使宣撫彰德、大名、廣平、東昌、東平、曹、濮等處，獎厲將帥。是月，命紐的該加太尉，總諸軍守禦東昌。時田豐據濟、濮，率眾來寇，擊走之。倪文俊謀殺其主徐壽輝，不果，自漢陽奔黃州，壽輝偽將陳友諒襲殺之，友諒遂自稱平章。

In the eighth month, on the new moon of guimao, Saturn transgressed the Ghost constellation and Venus transgressed the Chariot Axle constellation. On the guichou day, Liu Futong's troops captured Daming circuit, then advanced from Cao and Pu to capture Weihui circuit; Bolad Temür, son of Darmabala, and the commander Fang Toto attacked them. On the jiazi day, the moon transgressed the Five Chariots constellation. On the yichou day, Bojian'a, vice censor-in-chief of the Shaanxi branch censorate, was appointed chief minister of the Shaanxi branch secretariat; Yu Que, associate chief minister of the Huainan branch secretariat, was appointed left vice director of the Huainan branch secretariat; Yang Waner, associate chief minister of the Jiangzhe branch secretariat, was promoted to left vice director; Fang Guozhen was appointed associate chief minister of the Jiangzhe branch secretariat while retaining his post as commander of ten thousand for grain transport by sea. On the bingyin day, great hail fell in Zhenyuan prefecture, Qingyang circuit. That month, the emperor returned from Shangdu. Ji prefecture suffered great flooding. An edict ordered Nudide, commissioner of the bureau of military affairs, to advance and suppress Shandong. Ming forces captured Yangzhou circuit. Zhang Shicheng of Pingjiang circuit had the former vice censor-in-chief of the Jiangnan branch censorate, Manzi Haiya, write a letter requesting surrender; Dashi Timur, left chief minister of Jiangzhe, acting by imperial order, sent associate chief minister Zhou Boqi and others to Pingjiang to reassure him; an edict made Shicheng grand commander and Shide chief minister of the Huainan branch secretariat—by then Shide had already been captured by Ming forces. In the ninth month, on the bingzi day, Shoutong, associate commissioner of the bureau of military affairs, was ordered to lead troops to suppress Guan prefecture. Laodsha was appointed chief minister of the Secretariat and concurrently commander of the Uighur Guard. On the jiawu day, Lingchuan county of Ze prefecture fell; the county magistrate Zhang Fu was killed in the fighting. On the wuxu day, Toqto'a recovered Daming circuit and its subordinate prefectures and counties. On the xinchou day, an edict ordered Yesun Buqa, right vice director of the Secretariat, and Cheng Zun, vice censor-in-chief, to go as imperial envoys to pacify and reassure Zhangde, Daming, Guangping, Dongchang, Dongping, Cao, Pu, and other places and to encourage the generals. That month, Nudide was promoted to grand commander and ordered to command all troops defending Dongchang. At the time Tian Feng held Ji and Pu; he led a host to raid, and Nudide drove him off. Ni Wenjun plotted to kill his lord Xu Shouhui but failed and fled from Hanyang to Huangzhou; Xu Shouhui's general Chen Youliang attacked and killed him, and Youliang then styled himself chief minister.

閏九月癸卯，有飛星如盂，青色，光燭地，尾約長尺餘，起自王良，沒於勾陳。監察御史朵兒只等劾奏知樞密院使哈剌八禿兒失陷所守郡縣，詔正其罪。丙午，太陰犯斗宿。右丞相搠思監、左丞相太平並加開府儀同三司。平章政事完者不花兼大司農。庚申，太陰犯井宿。乙丑，潞州陷。丙寅，賊攻冀寧，察罕帖木兒以兵擊走之。

In the intercalary ninth month, on the guimao day, a flying star like a bowl, blue-green in color, lit the ground with its light; its tail was about a foot long; it rose from Wangliang and set in Gouchen. Investigating censors Dorji and others memorialized impeaching Qara Badur, commissioner of the bureau of military affairs, for losing the prefectures and counties he had been charged to defend; an edict ordered that he be punished according to law. On the bingwu day, the moon transgressed the Dipper constellation. Right chief minister Suosijian and left chief minister Taiping were both promoted to acting with the protocol of the Three Excellencies. Qanbuqa, chief minister of the Secretariat, was appointed concurrently grand minister of agriculture. On the gengshen day, the moon transgressed the Well constellation. On the yichou day, Lu prefecture fell. On the bingyin day, rebels attacked Jining; Chaghan Temür led troops and drove them off.

冬十月乙亥，熒惑犯氐宿。戊寅，設分詹事院。甲申，太陰掩昴宿。戊戌，曹州賊入太行山。是月，白不信、大刀敖、李喜喜陷興元，遂入鳳翔，察罕帖木兒、李思齊屢擊破之，其黨走入蜀。答失八都魯與知樞密院事答裏麻失裏以軍討曹州賊，官軍敗潰，答裏麻失裏死之。靜江路山崩，地陷，大水。

In winter, on the yihai day of the tenth month, Mars transgressed the Root constellation. On the wuyin day, a branch household of the heir apparent was established. On the jiashen day, the moon occulted the Hairy Head constellation. On the wuxu day, rebels from Caozhou entered the Taihang Mountains. That month, Bai Buxin, Dadao Ao, and Li Xixi captured Xingyuan and then entered Fengxiang; Chaghan Temür and Li Siji repeatedly routed them, and their followers fled into Shu. Darmabala and Dalimashi, commissioner of the bureau of military affairs, led troops to suppress the rebels of Caozhou; the government army was defeated and routed, and Dalimashi died in the fighting. In Jingjiang circuit the mountains collapsed, the ground gave way, and there was severe flooding.

十一月辛丑朔，山東道宣慰使董摶霄建言：「請令江淮等處各枝官軍，分布連珠營寨於隘口，屯駐守禦，宜廣屯田，以足軍食。」從之。汾州桃杏花。壬寅，賊侵壺關，察罕帖木兒大破之。戊午，以河南行省平章政事答蘭為中書平章政事，御史中丞李獻為中書左丞，陜西行臺中丞卜顏帖木兒、樞密院副使哈剌那海、司農少卿崔敬、侍御史陳敬伯皆為參知政事。癸亥，豫王阿剌忒納失裏與陜西行省左丞相朵朵、陜西行臺御史中丞伯嘉訥，分道攻討關陜。己巳，以中書參知政事八都麻失裏為右丞。

In the eleventh month, on the new moon of xinchou, Dong Bowo, pacification commissioner of the Shandong circuit, memorialized: "The various branch government troops in the Jianghuai region and elsewhere should be distributed in linked encampments at narrow passes and garrisoned for defense; garrison farming should be expanded to supply sufficient military provisions. The proposal was adopted. Peach and apricot blossoms appeared in Fen prefecture. On the renyin day, rebels invaded Huguan, and Chaghan Temür inflicted a great defeat on them. On the wuwu day, Dalan, chief minister of the Henan branch secretariat, was appointed chief minister of the Secretariat; Li Xian, vice censor-in-chief, was appointed left vice director of the Secretariat; Buyan Temür, vice censor-in-chief of the Shaanxi branch censorate, Qara Nohai, associate commissioner of the bureau of military affairs, Cui Jing, vice minister of the bureau of agriculture, and Chen Jingbo, attending censor, were all appointed associate chief ministers of the Secretariat. On the guihai day, Prince Yu Ala Temür, Dudu, left chief minister of the Shaanxi branch secretariat, and Boghachu, vice censor-in-chief of the Shaanxi branch censorate, advanced by separate routes to attack and suppress Guan and Shaan. On the jisi day, Badumashi, associate chief minister of the Secretariat, was appointed right vice director.

十二月庚午朔，熒惑犯天江。辛未，山東道廉訪使伯顏不花建言：嚴保伍，集勇健，汰冗官。戊寅，太白犯歲星。甲申，太陰犯鬼宿。丁亥，歲星犯壘壁陣。庚寅，太白犯壘壁陣。癸巳，太陰犯心宿。丁酉，慶元路象山縣鵝鼻山崩。己亥，流星如金星大，尾約長三尺餘，起自太陰，近東而沒，化為青白氣。庚子，答失八都魯卒於軍中。是歲，詔天下團結義兵，路、府、州、縣正官俱兼防禦事。詔淮南知行樞密院事脫脫領兵討淮南。詔諭濟寧李秉彜、田豐等，令其出降，敘復元任；嘯亂士卒，仍給資糧，欲還鄉者聽。倪文俊陷川蜀諸郡，命偽元帥明玉珍守據之。趙君用及彭大之子早住同據淮安，趙僭稱永義王，彭僭稱魯淮王。義兵千戶余寶殺其知樞密院事寶童以叛，降於毛貴。余寶遂據棣州。河南大饑。

In the twelfth month, on the new moon of gengwu, Mars transgressed the Celestial River. On the xinwei day, Bayan Buhua, surveillance commissioner of the Shandong circuit, memorialized that the mutual-responsibility system of five households should be tightened, brave and stalwart men gathered, and redundant officials dismissed. On the wuyin day, Venus transgressed Jupiter. On the jiashen day, the moon transgressed the Ghost constellation. On the dinghai day, Jupiter transgressed the Encampment Wall formation. On the gengyin day, Venus transgressed the Encampment Wall formation. On the guisi day, the moon transgressed the Heart constellation. On the dingyou day, Goose-Nose Mountain in Xiangshan county, Qingyuan circuit, collapsed. On the jihai day, a meteor the size of Venus, with a tail about three feet long, rose from the moon, vanished near the east, and turned into bluish-white vapor. On the gengzi day, Darmabala died in camp. That year, an edict ordered the realm to muster righteous militia; the chief officials of circuits, prefectures, and counties were all to hold defensive duties concurrently. An edict ordered Toghto, acting commissioner of the Huainan branch bureau of military affairs, to lead troops to suppress Huainan. An edict instructed Li Bingyi, Tian Feng, and others at Jining to surrender and promised that their former Yuan posts would be restored; soldiers who had joined the rebellion would still receive provisions, and those who wished to return home were free to do so. Ni Wenjun captured the various prefectures of Sichuan and Shu and appointed the false commander Ming Yuzhen to hold and occupy them. Zhao Junyong and Peng Da's son Zaozhu jointly held Huai'an; Zhao unlawfully styled himself King of Eternal Righteousness, and Peng unlawfully styled himself King of Lu and Huai. Righteous-militia qianhu Yu Bao killed his commissioner of the bureau of military affairs, Baotong, in rebellion and surrendered to Mao Gui. Yu Bao then seized Di prefecture. Henan suffered severe famine.

十八年春正月辛丑，填星犯鬼宿。乙巳，察罕帖木兒、李思齊合兵於鳳翔。丙午，太陰犯昴宿。陳友諒陷安慶路，守將余闕死之。庚戌，大明兵取婺源州。甲子，以不蘭奚知樞密院事。乙丑，大風起自西北，益都土門萬歲碑仆而碎。丙寅，田豐陷東平路。丁卯，不蘭奚與毛貴戰於好石橋，敗績，走濟南。是月，詔答失八都魯子孛羅帖木兒為河南行省平章政事，總領其父元管軍馬。詔察罕帖木兒屯陜西，李思齊屯鳳翔。

In the eighteenth year, on the xinchou day of the first month of spring, Saturn transgressed the Ghost constellation. On the yisi day, Chaghan Temür and Li Siji united their armies at Fengxiang. On the bingwu day, the moon transgressed the Hairy Head constellation. Chen Youliang captured Anqing circuit; the defending commander Yu Que died in the fighting. On the gengxu day, Ming forces captured Wuyuan prefecture. On the jiazi day, Bulanxi was appointed commissioner of the bureau of military affairs. On the yichou day, a great wind rose from the northwest; the Long-Life Stele at Tumen in Yidu toppled and shattered. On the bingyin day, Tian Feng captured Dongping circuit. On the dingmao day, Bulanxi fought Mao Gui at Haoshi Bridge, was defeated, and fled to Jinan. That month, an edict made Bolad Temür, son of Darmabala, chief minister of the Henan branch secretariat, with overall command of the army and horses his father had originally commanded. An edict ordered Chaghan Temür to encamp in Shaanxi and Li Siji to encamp at Fengxiang.

二月己巳朔，議團結西山寨大小十一處以為保障，命中書右丞塔失帖木兒、左丞烏古孫良楨等總行提調，設萬夫長、千夫長、百夫長，編立牌甲，分守要害，互相策應。毛貴陷清、滄州，遂據長蘆鎮。中書省臣奏以陜西軍旅事劇務殷，去京師道遠，供費艱難，請就陜西印造寶鈔為便，遂分戶部寶鈔庫等官，置局印造。仍命諸路撥降鈔本，畀平準行用庫倒易昏幣，布於民間。癸酉，毛貴陷濟南路，守將愛的戰死。毛貴立賓興院，選用故官，以姬宗周等分守諸路；又於萊州立三百六十屯田，每屯相去三十里，造大車百輛，以挽運糧儲，官民田十止收二分，冬則陸運，夏則水運。乙亥，填星犯鬼宿。辛巳，詔以太不花為中書右丞相，總兵山東。壬午，田豐復陷濟寧路。甲申，輝州陷。丙戌，紐的該聞田豐逼近東昌，棄城走。丁亥，察罕帖木兒調兵復涇州、平涼，保鞏昌。戊子，田豐陷東昌路。庚寅，王士誠自益都犯懷慶路，周全擊敗之。辛卯，以安童為中書參知政事。丁酉，興元路陷。

In the second month, on the new moon of jisi, it was proposed to muster eleven large and small fortified positions in the Western Mountain Stockades as a protective bulwark; Tash Temür, right vice director of the Secretariat, Ulughsun Liangzhen, left vice director, and others were ordered to take overall charge of the mobilization; wanhu, qianhu, and baihu were established, household registers and armor rolls compiled, and forces assigned to guard strategic points with mutual support. Mao Gui captured Qing and Cang prefectures and then seized Changlu town. A minister of the Secretariat memorialized that military affairs in Shaanxi were urgent and pressing, that the distance from the capital made supply costly and difficult, and that it would be convenient to print treasure notes in Shaanxi itself; the treasury officials of the bureau of revenue for treasure notes were therefore divided off and offices established for printing. An edict still ordered the circuits to allocate paper-note reserves, hand them to the exchange and circulation treasury to trade for worn currency, and circulate them among the people. On the guiyou day, Mao Gui captured Jinan circuit; the defending commander Aidi died in battle. Mao Gui established a Recruitment and Promotion Academy, selected former officials for service, and assigned Ji Zongzhou and others to defend the various circuits respectively; he also established three hundred and sixty garrison-farm colonies at Lai prefecture, each thirty li apart, built one hundred large carts to haul grain stores, collected only two parts in ten from official and private fields, and transported by land in winter and by water in summer. On the yihai day, Saturn transgressed the Ghost constellation. On the xinsi day, an edict made Toqto'a right chief minister of the Secretariat with overall command of armies in Shandong. On the renwu day, Tian Feng again captured Jining circuit. On the jiashen day, Hui prefecture fell. On the bingxu day, Nudide, hearing that Tian Feng was pressing close to Dongchang, abandoned the city and fled. On the dinghai day, Chaghan Temür deployed troops to recover Jing prefecture and Pingliang and to hold Gongchang. On the wuzi day, Tian Feng captured Dongchang circuit. On the gengyin day, Wang Shicheng advanced from Yidu to attack Huaqing circuit, and Zhou Quan defeated him. On the xinmao day, Antong was appointed associate chief minister of the Secretariat. On the dingyou day, Xingyuan circuit fell.

三月己亥朔，日色如血。加右丞相搠思監太保。庚子，毛貴陷般陽路。辛丑，大同路夜黑氣蔽西方，有聲如雷；少頃，東北方有雲如火，交射中天，遍地俱見火，空中有兵戈之聲。癸卯，王士誠陷晉寧路，總管杜賽因不花死之。甲辰，察罕帖木兒遣賽因赤等復晉寧路。己酉，劉福通遣兵犯衛輝，孛羅帖木兒擊走之。庚戌，毛貴陷薊州，詔征四方兵入衛。乙卯，毛貴犯漷州，至棗林，樞密副使達國珍戰死，遂略柳林，同知樞密院事劉哈剌不花以兵擊敗之，貴走據濟南。丙辰，大明兵取建德路。以周全為湖廣行省參知政事，統奧魯等軍，移鎮嵩州白龍寨。冀寧路陷。丁巳，田豐陷益都路。辛酉，大同諸縣陷，察罕帖木兒遣關保等往擊之。是時賊分二道犯晉、冀，一出沁州，一侵絳州。乙丑，以老章為太子少保。

In the third month, on the new moon of jihai, the sun's color was like blood. Right chief minister Suosijian was promoted to grand guardian. On the gengzi day, Mao Gui captured Banyang circuit. On the xinchou day, in Datong circuit at night black vapor covered the west, and there was a sound like thunder; after a short while, in the northeast there was cloud like fire shooting rays to the center of the sky; fire was seen everywhere, and in the air there was the sound of weapons. On the guimao day, Wang Shicheng captured Jinning circuit; the prefect Du Sayin Buqa died in the fighting. On the jiachen day, Chaghan Temür dispatched Sayinchi and others to recover Jinning circuit. On the jiyou day, Liu Futong sent troops to attack Weihui, and Bolad Temür drove them off. On the gengxu day, Mao Gui captured Ji prefecture; an edict summoned troops from all quarters to enter the capital guard. On the yimao day, Mao Gui attacked Huo prefecture and reached Zaolin; Daguozhen, associate commissioner of the bureau of military affairs, died in battle; Mao Gui then plundered Liulin; Liu Qara Buqa, associate commissioner of the bureau of military affairs, defeated him with troops, and Mao Gui fled and seized Jinan. On the bingchen day, Ming forces captured Jiande circuit. Zhou Quan was appointed associate chief minister of the Huguang branch secretariat, placed in overall command of the auru and other armies, and transferred to garrison Bailong Stockade in Song prefecture. Jining circuit fell. On the dingsi day, Tian Feng captured Yidu circuit. On the xinyou day, the various counties of Datong fell; Chaghan Temür dispatched Guannu and others to attack them. At this time the rebels divided into two routes to attack Jin and Ji—one emerging from Qin prefecture, the other invading Jiang prefecture. On the yichou day, Laozhang was appointed junior tutor of the Heir Apparent.

夏四月甲申，陳友諒陷龍興路，省臣道童、火你赤棄城遁。壬午，田豐陷廣平路，大掠，退保東昌。詔令元帥方脫脫以兵復廣平。癸未，以諸處捷音屢至，詔頒軍民事宜十一條。庚寅，以翰林學士承旨蠻子為嶺北行省平章政事。辛卯，太白犯鬼宿。甲午，陳友諒遣王奉國陷瑞州路。是月，車駕時巡上都。察罕帖木兒、李思齊會宣慰張良弼、郎中郭擇善、宣慰同知拜帖木兒、平章政事定住、總帥汪長生奴，各以所部兵討李喜喜於鞏昌，李喜喜敗入蜀。察罕帖木兒駐清湫，李思齊駐斜坡，張良弼駐秦州，郭擇善駐崇信，拜帖木兒等駐通渭，定住駐臨洮，各自除路府州縣官，征納軍需。李思齊、張良弼又同襲殺拜帖木兒，分總其兵。

In summer, on the jiashen day of the fourth month, Chen Youliang captured Longxing circuit; the provincial ministers Daotong and Huonichi abandoned the city and fled. On the renwu day, Tian Feng captured Guangping circuit, plundered extensively, and withdrew to hold Dongchang. An edict ordered the commander Fang Toto to lead troops to recover Guangping. On the guimao day, because reports of victory arrived repeatedly from various places, an edict promulgated eleven articles on military and civilian affairs. On the gengyin day, Manzi, grand academician of the Hanlin Academy, was appointed chief minister of the Lingbei branch secretariat. On the xinmao day, Venus transgressed the Ghost constellation. On the jiawu day, Chen Youliang dispatched Wang Fengguo to capture Ruizhou circuit. That month, the emperor made his seasonal tour to Shangdu. Chaghan Temür and Li Siji joined pacification commissioner Zhang Liangyu, bureau director Guo Zeshan, associate pacification commissioner Bait Temür, chief minister Dingzhu, and commander Wang Changshengnu; each led his own troops to suppress Li Xixi at Gongchang, and Li Xixi was defeated and fled into Shu. Chaghan Temür encamped at Qingqiu, Li Siji at Xiepo, Zhang Liangyu at Qin prefecture, Guo Zeshan at Chongxin, Bait Temür and others at Tongwei, and Dingzhu at Lintao; each on his own appointed circuit, prefecture, and county officials and levied military supplies. Li Siji and Zhang Liangyu again jointly launched a surprise attack and killed Bait Temür, dividing command of his troops between them.

五月戊戌朔，察罕帖木兒遣董克昌等以兵復冀寧。以方國珍為江浙行省左丞，兼海道運糧萬戶。詔察罕帖木兒還兵鎮冀寧。李思齊殺同僉樞密院事郭擇善。庚子，賊兵逾太行，察罕帖木兒部將關保擊敗之。以察罕帖木兒為陜西行省右丞兼陜西行臺侍御史、同知河南行樞密院事。劉福通攻汴梁。壬寅，太白犯填星。汴梁守將竹貞棄城遁，福通等遂入城，乃自安豐迎其偽主居之以為都。陳友諒遣康泰、趙琮、鄧克明等以兵寇邵武路。甲辰，命太尉阿吉剌為甘肅行省左丞相。乙巳，關保與賊戰於高平，大敗之。庚戌，陳友諒陷吉安路。壬子，太陰犯斗宿。癸丑，監察御史七十等，糾劾太保、中書右丞相太不花。乙卯，詔削太不花官爵，安置蓋州。時太不花總兵山東，以知行樞密院悟良哈臺代之。命悟良哈臺節制河北諸軍，河南行省平章政事周全節制河南諸軍。辛酉，陳友諒兵陷撫州路。甲子，監察御史七十、燕赤不花等劾中書參知政事燕只不花。是月，遼州蝗。山東地震，天雨白毛。察罕帖木兒自以劉尚質為冀寧路總管。六月戊辰朔，太不花伏誅。察罕帖木兒調虎林赤、關保同守潞州。拜察罕帖木兒陜西行省平章政事，便宜行事。庚辰，關先生、破頭潘等陷遼州，虎林赤以兵擊走之，關先生等遂陷冀寧路。乙酉，命左丞相太平督諸軍守禦京城，便宜行事。是月，汾州大疫。

In the fifth month, on the new moon of wuxu, Chaghan Temür dispatched Dong Kechang and others with troops to recover Jining. Fang Guozhen was appointed left vice director of the Jiangzhe branch secretariat and concurrently commander of ten thousand for grain transport by sea. An edict ordered Chaghan Temür to return his troops to garrison Jining. Li Siji killed Guo Zeshan, associate commissioner of the bureau of military affairs. On the gengzi day, rebel troops crossed the Taihang Mountains; Guannu, a subordinate commander of Chaghan Temür, defeated them. Chaghan Temür was appointed right vice director of the Shaanxi branch secretariat and concurrently attending censor of the Shaanxi branch censorate and associate commissioner of the Henan branch bureau of military affairs. Liu Futong attacked Bianliang. On the renyin day, Venus transgressed Saturn. Zhuzhen, the defending commander of Bianliang, abandoned the city and fled; Futong and the others then entered the city and brought their false ruler from Anfeng to dwell there and make it the capital. Chen Youliang dispatched Kang Tai, Zhao Cong, Deng Keming, and others with troops to raid Shaowu circuit. On the jiachen day, Grand Commander Ajila was appointed left chief minister of the Gansu branch secretariat. On the yisi day, Guannu fought rebels at Gaoping and inflicted a great defeat on them. On the gengxu day, Chen Youliang captured Ji'an circuit. On the renzi day, the moon transgressed the Dipper constellation. On the guichou day, investigating censors Qishi and others impeached Grand Guardian and right chief minister Toqto'a. On the yimao day, an edict stripped Toqto'a of his office and rank and confined him to Gaizhou. At the time Toqto'a held overall command of armies in Shandong; Ulugh Qada'i, acting commissioner of the bureau of military affairs, replaced him. Ulugh Qada'i was ordered to take overall command of all armies in Hebei, and Zhou Quan, chief minister of the Henan branch secretariat, was ordered to take overall command of all armies in Henan. On the xinyou day, Chen Youliang's troops captured Fuzhou circuit. On the jiazi day, investigating censors Qishi, Yanchi Buqa, and others impeached Yanzhi Buqa, vice chief minister of the Secretariat. That month, Liaozhou suffered a locust plague. Shandong was struck by an earthquake, and white filaments fell from the sky. Chaghan Temür on his own authority appointed Liu Shangzhi prefectural commander of Jining circuit. In the sixth month, on the new moon of wuchen, Toqto'a was executed. Chaghan Temür transferred Hulinchi and Guannu jointly to defend Luzhou. Chaghan Temür was appointed chief minister of the Shaanxi branch secretariat with discretionary authority. On the gengchen day, Master Guan, Potou Pan, and others captured Liaozhou; Hulinchi drove them off with troops, but Master Guan and the others then captured Jining circuit. On the yiyou day, left chief minister Taiping was ordered to supervise all armies in defending the capital, with discretionary authority. That month, Fenzhou suffered a great epidemic.

秋七月丁酉朔，周全據懷慶路以叛，附於劉福通。時察罕帖木兒駐軍洛陽，遣伯帖木兒以兵守碗子城。周全來戰，伯帖木兒為其所殺，周全遂盡驅懷慶民渡河，入汴梁。丁未，太陰犯斗宿。不蘭奚以兵復般陽路，已而復陷。戊申，太白晝見。癸丑，有賊兵犯京城，刑部郎中不花守西門，夜，開門擊退之。己未，劉福通遣周全引兵攻洛陽，守將登城，以大義責全，全愧謝退兵，劉福通殺之。丙寅，以完卜花、脫脫帖木兒為中書平章政事。是月，京師大水，蝗，民大饑。

In autumn, on the new moon of dingyou in the seventh month, Zhou Quan seized Huaiqing circuit in rebellion and attached himself to Liu Futong. At the time Chaghan Temür was encamped at Luoyang and dispatched Bo Temür with troops to defend Wanzi Fort. Zhou Quan came to give battle and killed Bo Temür; Zhou Quan then drove all the people of Huaiqing across the river and entered Bianliang. On the dingwei day, the moon transgressed the Dipper constellation. Bulanxi recovered Banyang circuit with troops, but soon afterward it fell again. On the wushen day, Venus appeared in daytime. On the guichou day, rebel troops attacked the capital; Buqa, bureau director of the Ministry of Justice, defended the western gate; at night he opened the gate and drove them back. On the jiwei day, Liu Futong dispatched Zhou Quan to lead troops in attacking Luoyang; the defending commander mounted the wall and rebuked Quan on grounds of righteous loyalty; Quan, ashamed, apologized and withdrew his troops, and Liu Futong had him killed. On the bingyin day, Wan Buqa and Toghto Temür were appointed chief ministers of the Secretariat. That month, the capital suffered severe flooding and locusts, and the people fell into great famine.

八月丁卯朔，江浙行省平章政事三旦八遁於福建。先是，三旦八討饒州，貪財玩寇，久而無功，遂妄稱遷職福建行省。至福建，為廉訪僉事般若帖木兒所劾，拘之興化路。壬申，太陰掩心宿。庚辰，陳友諒兵陷建昌路。辛巳，義兵萬戶王信以滕州叛，降於毛貴。甲申，太陰掩昴宿。庚寅，以老的沙為御史大夫。詔作新風紀。九月丁酉朔，詔授昔班帖木兒同知河東宣慰司事，其妻剌八哈敦雲中郡夫人，子觀音奴贈同知大同路事，仍旌表其門閭。先是，昔班帖木兒為趙王位下同知怯憐口總管府事，其妻嘗保育趙王，及是部落滅裏叛，欲殺王，昔班帖木兒與妻謀，以其子觀音奴服王平日衣冠居王宮，夜半，夫妻衛趙王微服遁去。比賊至，遂殺觀音奴，趙王得免。事聞，故旌其忠焉。褒封唐贈諫議大夫劉為文節昌平侯。關先生攻保定路，不克，遂陷完州，掠大同、興和塞外諸郡。中書左丞張沖請立團練安撫勸農使司二道，一奉元延安等處，一鞏昌等處，從之。壬寅，詔命中書參知政事普顏不花、治書侍御史李國鳳經略江南。癸卯，詔以福建行中書省平章政事慶童為江南行臺御史大夫。丙午，賊兵攻大同路。壬戌，平定州陷。乙丑，陳友諒陷贛州路，江西行省參知政事全普庵撒裏及總管哈海赤死之。

In the eighth month, on the new moon of dingmao, San Danba, chief minister of the Jiangzhe branch secretariat, fled to Fujian. Earlier, San Danba had campaigned against Raozhou; greedy for wealth, he dallied with the rebels, and after long efforts achieved no success; he then falsely claimed transfer to office in the Fujian branch secretariat. When he reached Fujian, he was impeached by surveillance associate commissioner Banruo Temür and detained at Xinghua circuit. On the renshen day, the moon occulted the Heart constellation. On the gengchen day, Chen Youliang's troops captured Jianchang circuit. On the xinsi day, righteous militia commander Wang Xin rebelled with Tengzhou and surrendered to Mao Gui. On the jiashen day, the moon occulted the Hairy Head constellation. On the gengyin day, Laodsha was appointed censor-in-chief. An edict ordered the drafting of new regulations of conduct. In the ninth month, on the new moon of dingyou, an edict invested Sibaqan Temür as associate commissioner of the Hedong pacification commissioner's office; his wife Labaha Dun was made Lady of Yunzhong commandery; his son Guanyinnu was posthumously granted associate prefectural commander of Datong circuit; and their gateway was honored with a commemorative plaque. Earlier, Sibaqan Temür had been associate director of the household registry of qielian households under the Prince of Zhao; his wife had once nursed and raised the Prince of Zhao; when the tribe of Mieli rebelled and wished to kill the prince, Sibaqan Temür and his wife plotted to dress their son Guanyinnu in the prince's daily robes and have him dwell in the princely palace; at midnight the husband and wife escorted the Prince of Zhao in plain dress as they fled. When the rebels arrived, they killed Guanyinnu, and the Prince of Zhao escaped. When the matter was reported, his loyalty was therefore honored. Liu, whom Tang had posthumously invested as remonstrance grand master, was ennobled as Wénjié Marquis of Changping. Master Guan attacked Baoding circuit but could not take it; he then captured Wanzhou and plundered Datong, Xinghe, and the outer prefectures beyond the passes. Zhang Chong, left vice director of the Secretariat, requested the establishment of two bandit-suppression, pacification, and agricultural encouragement commissioner circuits—one for Fengyuan, Yan'an, and other places, and one for Gongchang and other places. The proposal was adopted. On the renyin day, an edict appointed Puyan Buqa, vice chief minister of the Secretariat, and Li Guofeng, supervising secretary of the censorate, to oversee Jiangnan. On the guimao day, an edict made Qingtong, chief minister of the Fujian branch secretariat, censor-in-chief of the Jiangnan branch censorate. On the bingwu day, rebel troops attacked Datong circuit. On the renxu day, Pingding prefecture fell. On the yichou day, Chen Youliang captured Ganzhou circuit; Quan Pu'an Sali, vice chief minister of the Jiangxi branch secretariat, and prefectural commander Haqaqi died in the defense.

冬十月丙寅朔，詔豫王阿剌忒納失裏徙居白海，尋遷六盤。壬申，大明兵取蘭溪州。己卯，太陰犯昴宿。壬午，監察御史燕赤不花劾右丞相搠思監罪狀，詔收其印綬。乙酉，監察御史答兒麻失裏、王彜等復劾之，請正其罪，帝不聽。壬辰，大同路陷，達魯花赤完者帖木兒棄城遁。

In winter, on the new moon of bingyin in the tenth month, an edict ordered Prince Yu Ala Temür to move his residence to Baihai; soon afterward he was transferred to Liupan. On the renshen day, Ming forces captured Lanxi prefecture. On the jimao day, the moon transgressed the Hairy Head constellation. On the renwu day, investigating censor Yanchi Buqa impeached right chief minister Suosijian for his crimes; an edict ordered his seals and credentials seized. On the yiyou day, investigating censors Darmashi, Wang Yi, and others again impeached him and requested that his guilt be formally adjudicated; the emperor did not heed them. On the renchen day, Datong circuit fell; Wanjie Temür, the darughachi, abandoned the city and fled.

十一月乙未朔，以普化帖木兒為福建行省平章政事。癸卯，陳友諒陷汀州路。丙午，太陰犯昴宿，太白犯房宿。丁未，田豐陷順德路。先是，樞密院判官劉起祖守順德，糧絕，劫民財，掠牛馬，民強壯者令充軍，弱者殺而食之。至是城陷，起祖遂盡驅其民走於廣平。辛酉，太陰掩心宿。

In the eleventh month, on the new moon of yiwei, Puhua Temür was appointed chief minister of the Fujian branch secretariat. On the guimao day, Chen Youliang captured Tingzhou circuit. On the bingwu day, the moon transgressed the Hairy Head constellation, and Venus transgressed the Room constellation. On the dingwei day, Tian Feng captured Shunde circuit. Earlier, Liu Qizu, administrative judge of the bureau of military affairs, had defended Shunde; when provisions were exhausted, he plundered the people's wealth and seized oxen and horses; strong civilians he forced into military service, and the weak he killed for food. When the city then fell, Qizu drove all the people to flee toward Guangping. On the xinyou day, the moon occulted the Heart constellation.

十二月乙丑朔，日有食之。癸酉，關先生、破頭潘等陷上都，焚宮闕，留七日，轉略往遼陽，遂至高麗。戊寅，太白經天。庚辰，察罕帖木兒遣樞密院判官瑣住進兵於遼陽。癸未，太白經天。甲申，大明兵取婺州路，達魯花赤僧住、浙東廉訪使楊惠死之。戊子，太陰犯房宿。

In the twelfth month, on the new moon of yichou, there was a solar eclipse. On the guiyou day, Master Guan, Potou Pan, and others captured Shangdu, burned the palace halls, remained seven days, then turned to raid toward Liaoyang, and finally reached Goryeo. On the wuyin day, Venus crossed the sky. On the gengchen day, Chaghan Temür dispatched Suozhu, administrative judge of the bureau of military affairs, to advance troops toward Liaoyang. On the guimao day, Venus crossed the sky. On the jiashen day, Ming forces captured Wuzhou circuit; Sengzhu, the darughachi, and Yang Hui, surveillance commissioner of eastern Zhejiang, died in the defense. On the wuzi day, the moon transgressed the Room constellation.

十九年春正月甲午朔，陳友諒兵陷信州路，守臣江東廉訪副使伯顏不花的斤力戰死之。大明兵取諸暨州。辛丑，太陰犯昴宿。乙巳，以朵兒只班為中書平章政事。丙午，遼陽行省陷，懿州路總管呂震死之，贈震河南行省左丞，追封東平郡公。察罕帖木兒遣樞密院判官陳秉直、八不沙將兵二萬守冀寧。癸丑，流星如酒杯大，有聲如雷。

In the nineteenth year, on the new moon of jiawu in the first month of spring, Chen Youliang's troops captured Xinzhou circuit; Bayan Buqa's jin, deputy surveillance commissioner of Jiangdong, died fighting bravely in the defense. Ming forces captured Zhuji prefecture. On the xinchou day, the moon transgressed the Hairy Head constellation. On the yisi day, Dorejiban was appointed chief minister of the Secretariat. On the bingwu day, the Liaoyang branch secretariat fell; Lü Zhen, prefectural commander of Yizhou circuit, died in the defense; Zhen was posthumously granted left vice director of the Henan branch secretariat and posthumously ennobled as Duke of Dongping commandery. Chaghan Temür dispatched Chen Bingzhi and Ba Basha, administrative judges of the bureau of military affairs, to lead twenty thousand troops in defending Jining. On the guichou day, a meteor the size of a wine cup fell, with a sound like thunder.

二月辛巳，樞密副使朵兒只以賊犯順寧，命張立將精銳由紫荊關出討，命鴉鶻由北口出迎敵。甲申，叛將梁炳攻辰州，守將和尚擊敗之，以和尚為湖廣行省參知政事。賊由飛狐、靈丘犯蔚州。庚寅，御史臺臣言：「先是召募義兵，費用銀鈔一百四十萬錠，多近侍、權幸冒名關支，率為虛數。乞令軍士，凡已領官錢者，立限出征。」詔從之，已而復止不行。是月，詔孛羅帖木兒移兵鎮大同，以為京師捍蔽。置大都督兵農司，仍置分司十道，專督屯種，以孛羅帖木兒領之，所在侵奪民田，不勝其擾。太不花潰散之兵數萬鈔掠山西，察罕帖木兒遣陳秉直分兵駐榆次招撫之，其首領悉送河南屯種。

In the second month, on the xinsi day, because rebels were attacking Shunning, Doreji, vice director of the bureau of military affairs, ordered Zhang Li to lead elite troops out through Zijing Pass to suppress them and ordered Yahu to go out through the Northern Pass to meet the enemy. On the jiashen day, rebel general Liang Bing attacked Chenzhou; the defending commander Heshang defeated him; Heshang was appointed vice chief minister of the Huguang branch secretariat. Rebels from Feihu and Lingqiu attacked Yuzhou. On the gengyin day, censorate officials said: "Earlier, in recruiting righteous militia, one million four hundred thousand ingots of paper currency were spent; many court attendants and favorites falsely claimed names to draw payments, and these were largely fictitious numbers. It is requested that soldiers who have already received government funds be given a fixed deadline to take the field." An edict adopted the proposal, but soon afterward it was again halted and not implemented. That month, an edict ordered Bolad Temür to shift troops to garrison Datong as a shield for the capital. The grand directorate of military-agriculture was established in the capital, with branch directorates in ten circuits, solely to supervise garrison farming; Bolad Temür was placed in charge of it, and wherever it was established it seized civilian fields—the people could not endure the harassment. Several tens of thousands of Toqto'a's scattered troops plundered Shanxi; Chaghan Temür dispatched Chen Bingzhi to divide troops and encamp at Yuci to win them over; their leaders were all sent to Henan for garrison farming.

三月癸巳朔，陳友諒遣兵由信州略衢州，復遣兵陷襄陽路。辛丑，京城北兵馬司指揮周哈剌歹與林智和等謀叛，事覺，伏誅。庚戌，太陰犯房宿。壬戌，詔定科舉流寓人名額，蒙古、色目、南人各十五名，漢人二十名。

In the third month, on the new moon of guisi, Chen Youliang dispatched troops from Xinzhou to raid Quzhou and again dispatched troops who captured Xiangyang circuit. On the xinchou day, Zhou Qaraqai, commander of the northern capital military-horses office, and Lin Zhihe and others plotted rebellion; when the matter came to light, they were executed. On the gengxu day, the moon transgressed the Room constellation. On the renxu day, an edict fixed civil examination quotas for sojourners—fifteen places each for Mongols, Semuren, and Southern persons, and twenty places for Han people.

夏四月癸亥朔，汾水暴漲。賊陷金、復等州，司徒、知樞密院事佛家奴調兵平之。甲子，毛貴為趙君用所殺。帝以天下多故，卻天壽節朝賀，詔群臣曰：「朕方今宜敬天地，法祖宗，以自修省。朕初度之日，群臣毋賀。」庚午，左丞相太平暨文武百官奏曰：「天壽節朝賀，乃臣子報本，實合禮典。今謙讓不受，固陛下盛德，然今軍旅征進，君臣名分，正宜舉行。」不允。壬申，皇太子復率群臣上奏曰：「朝賀祝壽，是祖宗以來舊行典故，今不行，有乖於禮。」帝曰：「今盜賊未息，萬姓荼毒，正朕恐懼、修省、敬天之時，奈何受賀以自樂！」乙亥，御史大夫帖裏帖木兒復奏曰：「天壽朝賀之禮，蓋出臣子之誠，伏望陛下曲徇所請。若朝賀之後，內庭燕集，特賜除免，亦古者人君減膳之意，仍乞宣示中書，使內外知聖天子憂勤惕厲至於如此。」帝曰：「為朕缺於修省，以致萬姓塗炭，今復朝賀燕集，是重朕之不德。當候天下安寧，行之未晚。卿等其毋復言。」卒不聽。己丑，賊陷寧夏路，遂略靈武等處。

In summer, on the new moon of guihai in the fourth month, the Fen River rose violently. Rebels captured Jin, Fu, and other prefectures; Grand Preceptor Fojianu, commissioner of the bureau of military affairs, dispatched troops and suppressed them. On the jiazi day, Mao Gui was killed by Zhao Junyong. Because many troubles afflicted the realm, the emperor declined the Tian Shou Festival court congratulations and issued an edict to the officials, saying: "At present I should revere Heaven and Earth, follow the ancestors, and engage in self-cultivation and introspection. On the day of my birthday, officials are not to offer congratulations." On the gengwu day, left chief minister Taiping together with civil and military officials memorialized, saying: "The Tian Shou Festival court congratulations are how subjects repay their root obligation and truly accord with ritual propriety. Your refusal out of modesty is indeed Your Majesty's great virtue, yet with armies now campaigning, the proper names and stations of ruler and subjects ought precisely to be upheld." The request was not granted. On the renshen day, the heir apparent again led the officials in memorializing, saying: "Court congratulations for birthday wishes are an established precedent since the ancestors; not to perform them now departs from ritual propriety." The emperor said: "Bandits and robbers have not yet been quelled, and the myriad people suffer bitterly—it is precisely the time when I should be fearful, introspective, and reverent toward Heaven; how could I accept congratulations to indulge myself!" On the yihai day, censor-in-chief Tegel Temür again memorialized, saying: "The Tian Shou court congratulation rite arises from the sincerity of subjects; I humbly hope Your Majesty will graciously accede to this request. If after the court congratulations the inner court banquet were specially exempted, that too would embody the ancient ruler's intent to reduce his own fare; I still beg that this be proclaimed to the Secretariat, so that within and without all may know that the sage Son of Heaven is so anxious, diligent, and vigilant." The emperor said: "Because I have been deficient in introspection, the myriad people have been scorched and smitten; if I now restore court congratulations and banquets, that would only multiply my lack of virtue. I should wait until the realm is at peace—it will not be too late to perform them then. You officials, do not speak of this again. In the end he refused to listen. On the jichou day, rebels captured Ningxia circuit and then overran Lingwu and other places.

五月壬辰朔，以陜西行臺御史大夫完者帖木兒為陜西行省左丞相，便宜行事。丙申，熒惑犯鬼宿。丁酉，皇太子奏請巡北邊以撫綏軍民，御史臺臣上疏固留，詔從之。壬寅，察罕帖木兒請今歲八月鄉試河南舉人及避兵儒士，不拘籍貫，依河南省元定額數，就陜州置貢院應試，詔從之。丙午，太陰犯天江。丁未，太陰犯斗宿。是月，察罕帖木兒大發秦、晉諸軍討汴梁，圍其城。山東、河東、河南、關中等處蝗飛蔽天，人馬不能行，所落溝塹盡平，民大饑。六月辛巳，詔以宣徽使燕古兒為御史大夫。

In the fifth month, on the new moon of renchen, Qanji Temür, censor-in-chief of the Shaanxi branch censorate, was appointed left chief minister of the Shaanxi branch secretariat with discretionary authority. On the bingshen day, Mars transgressed the Ghost constellation. On the dingyou day, the heir apparent memorialized requesting a tour of the northern frontier to comfort soldiers and civilians; officials of the censorate submitted a memorial firmly urging him to remain, and an edict followed their advice. On the renyin day, Chaghan Temür requested that in the eighth month of that year provincial examination candidates from Henan and scholar-gentry who had fled the fighting, without restriction as to place of registration and according to Henan's original quota, be examined at an examination hall set up at Shaanzhou; an edict approved the proposal. On the bingwu day, the moon transgressed the Celestial River. On the dingwei day, the moon transgressed the Dipper constellation. That month, Chaghan Temür mustered in force the armies of Qin and Jin to suppress Bianliang and besieged the city. In Shandong, Hedong, Henan, Guanzhong, and other regions locust swarms darkened the sky so that men and horses could not pass; the ditches and ravines where they settled were filled level, and the people fell into great famine. In the sixth month, on the xinsi day, an edict appointed Yangu, commissioner of the palace attendants service, censor-in-chief.

秋七月壬辰朔，出搠思監為遼陽行省左丞相，便宜行事。丁酉，太白犯上將。庚子，詔以察罕腦兒宣慰司之地屬資正院，有司毋得差占。察罕腦兒之地，在世祖時隸忙哥歹太子四千戶，今從皇后奇氏請，故以屬之資正院。甲辰，太白犯右執法。戊申，命國王囊加歹、中書平章政事佛家奴、也先不花、知樞密院事黑驢等，統領探馬赤軍進征遼陽。己酉，太白犯左執法。丙辰，趙君用既殺毛貴，其黨續繼祖自遼陽入益都，殺君用，遂與其所部自相仇敵。是月，霸州及介休、靈石縣蝗。

In autumn, on the new moon of renchen in the seventh month, Suosijian was transferred out and appointed left chief minister of the Liaoyang branch secretariat with discretionary authority. On the dingyou day, Venus transgressed the Supreme General constellation. On the gengzi day, an edict ordered that the lands of the Chaghan Na'ur pacification commission be assigned to the Zizheng Court, and that the regular authorities were not to reassign or occupy them. The lands of Chaghan Na'ur had belonged in Shizu's time to the four thousand households of Crown Prince Mangqaday; now, acceding to Empress Qi's request, they were assigned to the Zizheng Court. On the jiachen day, Venus transgressed the Right Enforcer constellation. On the wushen day, Prince Nangjiadai, chief minister Fojianu of the Secretariat, Yesun Buqa, Heilü, commissioner of the bureau of military affairs, and others were ordered to take overall command of tumanshi troops and advance against Liaoyang. On the jiyou day, Venus transgressed the Left Enforcer constellation. On the bingchen day, after Zhao Junyong had killed Mao Gui, his follower Xu Jizu entered Yidu from Liaoyang and killed Junyong; his followers then fell to feuding among themselves. That month, Bazhou and Jiexiu and Lingshi counties suffered locust plagues.

八月辛酉朔，倪文俊余黨陷歸州。戊寅，察罕帖木兒督諸將閻思孝、李克彜、虎林赤、賽因赤、答忽、脫因不花、呂文、完哲、賀宗哲、孫翥等攻破汴梁城，劉福通奉其偽主遁，退據安豐。己卯，蝗自河北飛渡汴梁，食田禾一空。詔以察罕帖木兒為河南行省平章政事，兼同知河南行樞密院事、陜西行臺御史中丞，依前便宜行事，仍賜御衣、七寶腰帶，以旌其功。是月，大同路蝗，襄垣縣螟蝝。九月癸巳，以中書平章政事帖裏帖木兒為陜西行省左丞相，便宜行事。乙巳，以湖南、北，江東、西四道廉訪司所治之地皆陷，詔任其所便之地置司。丙午，夜，白虹貫天。丁未，禁軍人不得私殺牛馬。甲寅，太白犯天江。是月，大明兵取衢州路。詔遣兵部尚書伯顏帖木兒、戶部尚書曹履亨，以禦酒、龍衣賜張士誠，征海運糧。

In the eighth month, on the new moon of xinyou, remnant followers of Ni Wenjun captured Guizhou. On the wuyin day, Chaghan Temür supervised the generals Yan Sixiao, Li Keyi, Hulinchi, Sayinchi, Dahu, Toqyin Buqa, Lü Wen, Wanzhe, He Zongzhe, Sun Zhu, and others in storming Bianliang; Liu Futong escorted his false ruler in flight and withdrew to hold Anfeng. On the jimao day, locusts flew from Hebei across Bianliang and stripped the fields bare. An edict appointed Chaghan Temür chief minister of the Henan branch secretariat, concurrently associate commissioner of the Henan branch bureau of military affairs and vice censor-in-chief of the Shaanxi branch censorate, with discretionary authority as before, and further bestowed imperial robes and a seven-jeweled belt to honor his achievement. That month, Datong circuit suffered locusts, and Xiangyuan county suffered rice-borer larvae. In the ninth month, on the guisi day, Tegel Temür, chief minister of the Secretariat, was appointed left chief minister of the Shaanxi branch secretariat with discretionary authority. On the yisi day, because the territories administered by the four surveillance commissions of Hunan and Hubei and of Jiangdong and Jiangxi had all fallen, an edict allowed each to establish itself wherever convenient. On the bingwu day, at night a white rainbow spanned the sky. On the dingwei day, soldiers were forbidden to kill cattle and horses on their own authority. On the jiayin day, Venus transgressed the Celestial River. That month, Ming forces captured Quzhou circuit. An edict dispatched Bayan Temür, minister of war, and Cao Lüheng, minister of revenue, to bestow imperial wine and dragon robes upon Zhang Shicheng and to levy grain for transport by sea.

冬十月庚申朔，詔京師十一門皆築甕城，造吊橋。以方國珍為江浙行省平章政事。壬申，太白犯斗宿。辛巳，流星大如桃。十一月癸卯，大明兵取處州路。戊申，陳友諒兵陷杉關。

In winter, on the new moon of gengshen in the tenth month, an edict ordered barbican enclosures built at all eleven gates of the capital and drawbridges constructed. Fang Guozhen was appointed chief minister of the Jiangzhe branch secretariat. On the renshen day, Venus transgressed the Dipper constellation. On the xinsi day, a meteor as large as a peach appeared. In the eleventh month, on the guimao day, Ming forces captured Chuzhou circuit. On the wushen day, Chen Youliang's troops captured Shan Pass.

十二月戊辰，太白犯壘壁陣。是月，知樞密院事兀良哈臺領太不花軍，其所部方脫脫與弟方伯帖木兒時保遼州，兀良哈臺同唐琰、高脫因等屯孟州，與察罕帖木兒部將八不沙等交兵。已而兀良哈臺獨引達達軍還京師，方脫脫等乃從孛羅帖木兒。皇太子憾太平忤己，以中書左丞成遵、參知政事趙中皆太平所用，使監察御史誣成遵、趙中以贓罪，杖殺之。是歲以後，因上都宮闕盡廢，大駕不復時巡。陳友諒以江州為都，迎偽主徐壽輝居之，自稱漢王。

In the twelfth month, on the wuchen day, Venus transgressed the Encampment Wall formation. That month, Ulugh Qada'i, commissioner of the bureau of military affairs, commanded Toqto'a's army; his subordinate Fang Toto and his brother Fang Botemür were then defending Liaozhou; Ulugh Qada'i together with Tang Yan, Gao Toqyin, and others encamped at Meng Prefecture and clashed with Ba Basha and other generals under Chaghan Temür. Before long Ulugh Qada'i alone led the Dada troops back to the capital, and Fang Toto and the others then followed Bolad Temür. The heir apparent resented Taiping for opposing him; because left vice director Cheng Zun and associate chief minister Zhao Zhong had both been men employed by Taiping, he had investigating censors falsely accuse Cheng Zun and Zhao Zhong of corruption and had them beaten to death. From this year onward, because the palace halls at Shangdu were wholly ruined, the emperor no longer made his regular seasonal tours. Chen Youliang made Jiangzhou his capital, received the false ruler Xu Shouhui to dwell there, and styled himself King of Han.

二十年春正月己丑朔，察罕帖木兒請以鞏縣改立軍州萬戶府，招民屯種，從之。御史大夫老的沙、御史中丞咬住奏：「今後各處從宜行事官員，毋得陰挾私仇，明為舉索，輒將風憲官吏擅自遷除，侵擾行事，沮壞臺綱。」從之。己亥，太陰犯井宿。癸卯，大寧路陷。壬子，以危素為參知政事。乙卯，會試舉人，知貢舉平章政事八都麻失裏、同知貢舉翰林學士承旨李好文、禮部尚書許從宗、考試官國子祭酒張翥、同考官太常博士傅亨等奏：「舊例，各處鄉試舉人，三年一次，取三百名，會試取一百名。今歲鄉試所取，比前數少，止有八十八名，會試三分內取一分，合取三十名，如於三十名外，添取五名為宜。」從之。丙辰，五色雲見移時。

In the twentieth year, on the new moon of jichou in the first month of spring, Chaghan Temür requested that Gong County be converted into a military prefecture and commander-of-ten-thousand office and that people be recruited to settle and farm; the proposal was adopted. Censor-in-chief Laodsha and vice censor-in-chief Yaqut memorialized, saying: "Henceforth officials throughout the realm who act with discretionary authority must not secretly harbor private grudges and openly press demands, then on their own authority transfer surveillance and rectification officials, interfere with their duties, and undermine the censorate's authority. The proposal was adopted. On the jihai day, the moon transgressed the Well constellation. On the guimao day, Daning circuit fell. On the renzi day, Wei Su was appointed associate chief minister. On the yimao day, candidates for the metropolitan examination; Badumashi, chief minister and director of the examination, Li Haowen, Hanlin academician-expositor-in-chief and associate director of the examination, Xu Congzong, minister of rites, Zhang Zhu, director of the Imperial University and examiner, Fu Heng, grand master of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and associate examiner, and others memorialized, saying: "By former practice, provincial examination candidates from each place, once every three years, numbered three hundred admitted, and the metropolitan examination admitted one hundred. This year's provincial examination produced fewer than before, only eighty-eight names; for the metropolitan examination one part in three should be taken, making thirty in all; it would be appropriate to add five beyond those thirty." The proposal was adopted. On the bingchen day, five-colored clouds appeared for a considerable time.

二月戊午朔，左丞相太平罷為太保，守上都。

In the second month, on the new moon of wuwu, left chief minister Taiping was dismissed and made grand preceptor, with orders to remain at Shangdu.

三月戊子朔，田豐陷保定路。彗星見東方。甲午，廷試進士三十五人，賜買住、魏元禮進士及第，其餘出身有差。乙巳，冀寧路陷。壬子，以搠思監為中書右丞相。

In the third month, on the new moon of wuzi, Tian Feng captured Baoding circuit. A comet appeared in the east. On the jiawu day, thirty-five jinshi underwent the palace examination; Maizhu and Wei Yuanli were granted jinshi of the highest rank, and the rest received degrees in descending order. On the yisi day, Jining circuit fell. On the renzi day, Suosijian was appointed right chief minister of the Secretariat.

夏四月庚申，命大司農司都事樂元臣招諭田豐，至其軍，為豐所害。丁卯，太陰犯明堂。辛未，僉行樞密院事張居敬復興中州。癸酉，太陰犯東咸。

In summer, on the gengshen day of the fourth month, Le Yuanchen, administrative director of the grand secretariat for agriculture, was ordered to go and persuade Tian Feng; when he reached Feng's camp, Feng had him killed. On the dingmao day, the moon transgressed the Bright Hall constellation. On the xinwei day, Zhang Jujing, acting commissioner of the bureau of military affairs, recovered Zhong Prefecture. On the guiyou day, the moon transgressed the Eastern Salty constellation.

五月丁亥朔，日有食之。雨雹。陳友諒殺其偽主徐壽輝於太平路，遂稱皇帝，國號大漢，改元大義，已而回駐於江州。乙未，陳友諒遣羅忠顯陷辰州。己亥，以絆住馬為中書平章政事。壬寅，太陰犯建星。是月，張士誠海運糧十一萬石至京師。閏月己未，以太尉也先帖木兒知經筵事，以甘肅行省左丞相阿吉剌為太尉。乙亥，流星大如桃。六月己丑，命孛羅帖木兒部將方脫脫守禦嵐、興、保德州等處。詔：「今後察罕帖木兒與孛羅帖木兒部將，毋得互相越境，侵犯所守信地，因而仇殺，方脫脫不得出嵐、興州境界，察罕帖木兒亦不得侵其地。」癸巳，太白犯井宿。戊戌，太陰犯建星。是月，大明兵取信州路。

In the fifth month, on the new moon of dinghai, there was a solar eclipse. Hail fell. Chen Youliang killed his false ruler Xu Shouhui at Taiping circuit, then styled himself emperor, named his state Great Han, changed the era name to Dayi, and afterward returned to encamp at Jiangzhou. On the yiwei day, Chen Youliang dispatched Luo Zhongxian, who captured Chen Prefecture. On the jihai day, Banzhuma was appointed chief minister of the Secretariat. On the renyin day, the moon transgressed the Establishment Stars constellation. That month, one hundred ten thousand shi of Zhang Shicheng's sea-transported grain reached the capital. In the intercalary month, on the jiwei day, Grand Commander Yesun Temür was appointed director of the Classics Colloquium, and Ajila, left chief minister of the Gansu branch secretariat, was appointed grand commander. On the yihai day, a meteor as large as a peach appeared. In the sixth month, on the jichou day, Fang Toto, a general under Bolad Temür, was ordered to defend Lan, Xing, Baode Prefecture, and other places. An edict stated: "Henceforth Chaghan Temür and the generals under Bolad Temür must not cross one another's borders, violate the territories each holds in trust, and thereby kill one another in feud; Fang Toto must not go beyond the boundaries of Lan and Xing prefectures, and Chaghan Temür likewise must not encroach upon their lands. On the guisi day, Venus transgressed the Well constellation. On the wuxu day, the moon transgressed the Establishment Stars constellation. That month, Ming forces captured Xinzhou circuit.

秋七月辛酉，命遼陽行省參知政事張居敬討義州賊。孛羅帖木兒敗賊王士誠於臺州。乙丑，太陰犯井宿。乙亥，詔孛羅帖木兒總領達達、漢兒軍馬，為總兵官，仍便宜行事。

In autumn, on the xinyou day of the seventh month, Zhang Jujing, associate chief minister of the Liaoyang branch secretariat, was ordered to suppress the bandits of Yi Prefecture. Bolad Temür defeated the rebel Wang Shicheng at Taizhou. On the yichou day, the moon transgressed the Well constellation. On the yihai day, an edict ordered Bolad Temür to take overall command of Dada and Han troops and horses as overall military commander, with discretionary authority.

八月戊子，命孛羅帖木兒守石嶺關以北，察罕帖木兒守石嶺關以南。辛卯，太陰犯天江。壬辰，加封福建鎮閩王為護國英仁武烈忠正福德鎮閩尊王。乙未，永平路陷。壬寅，填星犯太微。甲辰，太陰犯井宿。詔：「諸處所在權攝官員，專務漁獵百姓，今後非朝廷允許，不得之任。」庚戌，詔江浙行省左丞相達識帖睦邇加太尉兼知江浙行樞密院事，提調行宣政院事，便宜行事。九月乙卯朔，詔遣參知政事也先不花往諭孛羅帖木兒、察罕帖木兒，令講和。時孛羅帖木兒調兵自石嶺關直抵冀寧，圍其城三日，復退屯交城。察罕帖木兒調參政閻奉先引兵與戰，已而各於石嶺關南北守禦。壬戌，賊陷孟州，又陷趙州，攻真定路。癸未，賊復犯上都，右丞忙哥帖木兒引兵擊之，敗績。

In the eighth month, on the wuzi day, Bolad Temür was ordered to defend north of Shiling Pass and Chaghan Temür was ordered to defend south of Shiling Pass. On the xinmao day, the moon transgressed the Celestial River. On the renchen day, the Prince Who Guards Min of Fujian was further ennobled as the Honored Prince Who Guards Min, Protector of the State, Heroic, Benevolent, Martial, Fierce, Loyal, Upright, Fortunate, and Virtuous. On the yiwei day, Yongping circuit fell. On the renyin day, Saturn transgressed the Supreme Palace constellation. On the jiachen day, the moon transgressed the Well constellation. An edict stated: "Acting officials throughout the realm who devote themselves solely to preying upon the people—henceforth, unless the court grants permission, they are not to take up their posts. On the gengxu day, an edict made Dashi Timur, left chief minister of the Jiangzhe branch secretariat, grand commander, concurrently commissioner of the Jiangzhe branch bureau of military affairs, with overall supervision of the branch court for the spread of governance and discretionary authority. In the ninth month, on the new moon of yimao, an edict dispatched Yesun Buqa, associate chief minister, to instruct Bolad Temür and Chaghan Temür to make peace. At the time Bolad Temür mobilized troops from Shiling Pass straight to Jining, besieged the city for three days, then withdrew and encamped at Jiaocheng. Chaghan Temür mobilized associate chief minister Yan Fengxian to lead troops and give battle; before long each held the defense north and south of Shiling Pass. On the renxu day, rebels captured Meng Prefecture, then captured Zhao Prefecture, and attacked Zhending circuit. On the guiwei day, rebels again invaded Shangdu; right vice director Mangq Temür led troops to attack them and was defeated.

冬十月甲申朔，甘露降於國子監大成殿前柏木。以張良弼為湖廣行省參知政事，討南陽、襄樊。詔孛羅帖木兒守冀寧，孛羅帖木兒遣保保、殷興祖、高脫因倍道趨冀寧，守者不納。丙戌，命叠兒必失為太尉，守衛大斡耳朵思。戊子，熒惑犯井宿。己亥，察罕帖木兒遣陳秉直、瑣住等，以兵攻孛羅帖木兒之軍於冀寧，與孛羅帖木兒部將脫列伯戰，敗之。時帝有旨以冀寧畀孛羅帖木兒，察罕帖木兒以為用兵數年，惟藉冀、晉以給其軍，而致盛強，茍奉旨與之，則彼得以足其兵食，乃托言用師汴梁，尋渡河就屯澤、潞拒之，調延安軍交戰於東勝州等處，再遣八不沙以兵援之。八不沙謂彼軍奉旨而來，我何敢抗王命，察罕帖木兒怒，殺之。

In winter, on the new moon of jiashen in the tenth month, sweet dew fell upon the cypress before the Hall of Great Completion in the Imperial University. Zhang Liangyu was appointed associate chief minister of the Huguang branch secretariat to suppress Nanyang and Xiang-Fan. An edict ordered Bolad Temür to hold Jining; Bolad Temür dispatched Baobao, Yin Xingzu, and Gao Toqyin by forced march toward Jining, but the defenders would not admit them. On the bingxu day, Tierbish was appointed grand commander to guard the Great Orda. On the wuzi day, Mars transgressed the Well constellation. On the jihai day, Chaghan Temür dispatched Chen Bingzhi, Suozhu, and others with troops to attack Bolad Temür's army at Jining; they fought Bolad Temür's general Tolui Bar and defeated him. At the time the emperor had ordered that Jining be given to Bolad Temür; Chaghan Temür held that after years of campaigning he had relied solely on Ji and Jin to supply his army and had thereby grown powerful—if he obeyed the order and yielded it, Bolad Temür would be able to fill his army's provisions; he therefore pleaded that he was deploying troops to Bianliang, then crossed the river and encamped at Ze and Lu to resist him, mobilized the Yan'an army to fight at Dongsheng prefecture and elsewhere, and dispatched Babusha again with troops to support him. Babusha said, "Their army comes by imperial order—how dare I resist the king's command?" Chaghan Temür in anger had him killed.

十一月甲寅朔，黃河清，凡三日。孛羅帖木兒以兵侵汾州，察罕帖木兒以兵拒之。癸酉，賊犯易州。

In the eleventh month, on the new moon of jiayin, the Yellow River ran clear for three days in all. Bolad Temür led troops to invade Fen prefecture; Chaghan Temür led troops to resist him. On the guiyou day, rebels attacked Yi prefecture.

十二月丙戌，詔：「太廟、影堂祭祀，乃子孫報本重事。近兵興歲歉，品物不能豐備，累朝四祭，減為春秋二祭，今宜復四祭。」後竟不行。辛卯，廣平路陷。是歲，陽翟王阿魯輝帖木兒擁兵數十萬，屯於木兒古徹兀之地，將犯京畿，使來言曰：「祖宗以天下付汝，汝已失其太半；若以國璽付我，我當自為之。」帝遣報之曰：「天命有在，汝欲為則為之。」命知樞密院事禿堅帖木兒等將兵擊之，不克，軍士皆潰，禿堅帖木兒走上都。

In the twelfth month, on the bingxu day, an edict stated: "Sacrifices at the Imperial Ancestral Temple and the spirit hall are weighty matters by which descendants repay their root. In recent years warfare has arisen and harvests have failed, so offerings could not be abundantly prepared; the four sacrifices of successive reigns were reduced to two sacrifices in spring and autumn—now the four sacrifices should be restored." In the end it was never carried out. On the xinmao day, Guangping circuit fell. That year, Prince Yangdi Arugh Temür held several hundred thousand troops encamped at Mürgüchü; he was about to invade the capital region and sent a messenger saying, "The ancestors entrusted the realm to you, and you have already lost more than half of it; if you give me the imperial seal, I shall take charge myself." The emperor sent back word: "Heaven's mandate has its place—if you wish to act, then act. Toghan Temür, commissioner of the bureau of military affairs, and others were ordered to lead troops against him; they failed, the soldiers all scattered, and Toghan Temür fled to Shangdu.

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