Volume 63 Treatises 16: Geography 6

1

湖廣等處行中書省，為路三十、州十三、府三、安撫司十五、軍三，屬府三，屬州十七，屬縣一百五十，管番民總管一。本省陸站一百處，水站七十三處。

The Huguang Branch Secretariat comprised thirty routes, thirteen prefectures, three fu-level prefectures, fifteen pacification commissions, and three military commands, with three fu, seventeen prefectures, and one hundred fifty counties under its jurisdiction, plus one native-official chieftaincy over frontier peoples. The province maintained one hundred land relay stations and seventy-three water relay stations.

2

江南湖北道肅政廉訪司

Surveillance Commission for Integrity Inspection, Jiangnan-Hubei Circuit

3

武昌路，上。唐初為鄂州，又改江夏郡，又升武昌軍。宋為荊湖北路。元憲宗末年，世祖南伐，自黃州陽羅洑，橫橋梁，貫鐵鎖，至鄂州之白鹿磯，大兵畢渡，進薄城下，圍之數月，既而解去，歸即大位。至元十一年，丞相伯顏從陽羅洑南渡，權州事張晏然以城降，自是湖北州郡悉下。是年，立荊湖等路行中書省，並本道安撫司。十三年，設錄事司。十四年，立湖北宣慰司，改安撫司為鄂州路總管府，並鄂州行省入潭州行省。十八年，遷潭州行省于鄂州，移宣慰司於潭州。十九年，隨省處例罷宣慰司，本路隸行省。大德五年，以鄂州首來歸附，又世祖親征之地，改武昌路。戶一十一萬四千六百三十二，口六十一萬七千一百一十八。至元二十七年抄籍數。領司一、縣七。

Wuchang Route (upper grade). In early Tang it was E Prefecture, later renamed Jiangxia Commandery, then raised to the Wuchang army command. Under the Song it formed the northern circuit of Jinghu. In the final years of Möngke's reign, the future Kublai campaigned south. From Yangluo Ford near Huangzhou he laid pontoon bridges and ran iron chains across to Bailu Rock off Ezhou; the main force crossed in full, pressed to the walls, and besieged the city for months before withdrawing. On his return he soon took the throne. In Zhiyuan 11 Chancellor Bayan crossed south from Yangluo Ford; Zhang Yanran, who held interim charge of the prefecture, surrendered the city, and thereafter every prefecture and district in Hubei fell. That year the Jinghu Branch Secretariat was established, absorbing the circuit pacification commission. In the thirteenth year a record-keeping office was established. In the fourteenth year the Hubei Pacification Commission was set up; the pacification office became the general superintendency of Ezhou Route, and the Ezhou branch secretariat was merged into that of Tanzhou. In the eighteenth year the Tanzhou branch secretariat was relocated to Ezhou and the pacification commission to Tanzhou. In the nineteenth year, by the usual rule where a branch secretariat sat, the pacification commission was abolished and the route came directly under the secretariat. In Dade 5, because Ezhou had been the first to submit and was where Kublai had campaigned in person, it was renamed Wuchang Route. It had 114,632 households and 617,118 persons. These figures come from the Zhiyuan 27 household register survey. It administered one office and seven counties.

4

錄事司。

Record-keeping office.

5

江夏，中。倚郭。咸寧，下。嘉魚，下。蒲圻，中。崇陽，中。通城，中。武昌。下。宋升壽昌軍，以其為江西沖要地也。元因之。至元十四年，升散府，治本縣。後革府，以縣屬本路。戶一萬五千八百五，口六萬四千五百九十八。

Jiangxia (middle grade). Seat-attached county. Xianning (lower grade). Jiayu (lower grade). Puqi (middle grade). Chongyang (middle grade). Tongcheng (middle grade). Wuchang. Lower grade. The Song raised it to Shouchang Army command because it was a strategic gateway into Jiangxi. The Yuan kept the arrangement. In Zhiyuan 14 it was raised to a detached fu, with its seat in this county. Later the fu was abolished and the county was placed under this route. It had 15,805 households and 64,598 persons.

6

岳州路，上。唐巴州，又改岳州。宋為岳陽軍。元至元十二年歸附。十三年，立岳州路總管府。戶一十三萬七千五百八，口七十八萬七千七百四十三。領司一、縣三、州一。

Yuezhou Route (upper grade). Under Tang it was Ba Prefecture, later renamed Yue Prefecture. Under the Song it was the Yueyang army command. It submitted to the Yuan in Zhiyuan 12. In the thirteenth year the general superintendency of Yuezhou Route was established. It had 137,508 households and 787,743 persons. It administered one office, three counties, and one prefecture.

7

錄事司。

Record-keeping office.

8

巴陵，上。倚郭。臨湘，中。華容。中。

Baling (upper grade). Seat-attached county. Linxiang (middle grade). Huarong. Middle grade.

9

平江州，下。唐平江縣，宋因之。元元貞元年，升州。

Pingjiang Prefecture (lower grade). In Tang it was Pingjiang County, and Song retained it. In the first year of Yuanzhen under Yuan, it was raised to prefectural status.

10

常德路，上。唐朗州。宋常德府。元至元十二年，置常德府安撫司。十四年，改為總管府。戶二十萬六千四百二十五，口一百二萬六千四十二。領司一、縣一、州二。州領一縣。

Changde Route (upper grade). Under Tang it was Lang Prefecture. Under the Song it was Changde Superior Prefecture. In Zhiyuan 12 the Yuan established a pacification commission at Changde Superior Prefecture. In the fourteenth year it became a general superintendency. It had 206,425 households and 1,026,042 persons. It administered one office, one county, and two prefectures. The prefecture administered one county.

11

錄事司。

Record-keeping office.

12

武陵。上。

Wuling. Upper grade.

13

州二：桃源州，中。宋置縣，元元貞元年，升州。龍陽州，下。宋辰陽縣，元元貞元年，升州。領一縣：沅江。下。本屬朗州。後來屬。

It had two prefectures: Taoyuan Prefecture, middle grade. The Song had established it as a county, and in Yuanzhen 1 of the Yuan it was raised to a prefecture. Longyang Prefecture, lower grade, had been Chenyang County under the Song; in Yuanzhen 1 of the Yuan it was raised to a prefecture. It administered one county: Yuanjiang. Lower grade. It had originally belonged to Lang Prefecture. Later it was placed under this jurisdiction.

14

澧州路，上。唐改澧陽郡，復改澧州。元至元十二年，立安撫司。十四年，改澧州路總管府。戶一十萬九千九百八十九，口一百一十一萬一千五百四十三。領司一、縣三、州二。

Lizhou Route (upper grade). Under Tang it was renamed Liyang Commandery, then restored as Li Prefecture. In Zhiyuan 12 the Yuan established a pacification commission. In the fourteenth year it became the general superintendency of Lizhou Route. It had 109,989 households and 1,111,543 persons. It administered one office, three counties, and two prefectures.

15

錄事司。

Record-keeping office.

16

澧陽，上。倚郭。石門，上。安鄉。下。

Liyang (upper grade). Seat-attached county. Shimen (upper grade). Anxiang. Lower grade.

17

慈利州，中。唐、宋皆為縣，元元貞元年，升州。

Cili Prefecture (middle grade). Under Tang and Song it was a county; in the first year of Yuanzhen under Yuan, it was raised to prefectural status.

18

柿溪州。下。

Shixi Prefecture. Lower grade.

19

辰州路，下。唐改盧溪郡，復改辰州。宋因之。元改辰州路。戶八萬三千二百二十三，口一十一萬五千九百四十五。領縣四：

Chenzhou Route (lower grade). Under Tang it was renamed Luxi Commandery, then restored as Chen Prefecture. The Song kept the arrangement. The Yuan reorganized it as Chenzhou Route. It had 83,223 households and 115,945 persons. It administered four counties:

20

沅陵，中。辰溪，下。盧溪。下。敘浦。下。

Yuanling (middle grade). Chenxi (lower grade). Luxi. Lower grade. Xupu. Lower grade.

21

沅州路，下。唐巫州，又改沅州，又為潭陽郡，又改敘州。宋為鎮遠州。元至元十二年，立沅州安撫司。十四年，改沅州路總管府。戶四萬八千六百三十二，口七萬九千五百四十五。領縣三：

Yuanzhou Route (lower grade). Under Tang it was Wu Prefecture, later Yuan Prefecture, then Tanyang Commandery, then Xu Prefecture. Under the Song it was Zhenyuan Prefecture. In Zhiyuan 12 the Yuan established a pacification commission at Yuanzhou. In the fourteenth year it became the general superintendency of Yuanzhou Route. It had 48,632 households and 79,545 persons. It administered three counties:

22

盧陽，下。黔陽，下。麻陽。下。

Luyang (lower grade). Qianyang (lower grade). Mayang. Lower grade.

23

興國路，下。本隋永興縣。宋置永興軍，又改興國軍。元至元十四年，升興國路總管府，舊隸江西。三十年，自江西割隸湖廣。戶五萬九百五十二，口四十萬七千六百一十六。領司一、縣三。

Xingguo Route (lower grade). It originated as Yongxing County under the Sui. The Song set up Yongxing Army, later renamed Xingguo Army. In Zhiyuan 14 the Yuan raised Xingguo to a route general superintendency; it had formerly been under Jiangxi. In the thirtieth year it was transferred from Jiangxi to Huguang. The route had 50,952 households and 407,616 persons. It administered one office and three counties.

24

錄事司。至元十七年立。

Record-keeping office. It was established in Zhiyuan 17.

25

永興，下。倚郭。大冶，下。通山。下。

Yongxing, lower grade. Seat-attached county. Daye, lower grade. Tongshan. Lower grade.

26

漢陽府，唐初為沔州，又改沔陽郡。宋為漢陽軍。咸淳十年，郡守孟琦以城來歸。元至元十四年，升漢陽府。戶一萬四千四百八十六，口四萬八百六十六。領縣二：

Hanyang Superior Prefecture: in early Tang it was Mian Prefecture, later renamed Mianyang Commandery. Under the Song it was the Hanyang army command. In Xianchun 10 the prefect Meng Qi surrendered the city. In Zhiyuan 14 the Yuan raised it to Hanyang Superior Prefecture. The prefecture had 14,486 households and 40,866 persons. It administered two counties:

27

漢陽，至元二十二年，升中縣。漢川。下。

Hanyang: in Zhiyuan 22 it was raised to middle-grade county status. Hanchuan. Lower grade.

28

歸州，下。唐初為歸州，又改巴東郡，又復為歸州。宋端平三年，元兵至江北，遂遷郡治于江南曲沱，次新灘，又次白沙南浦，今州治是也。德祐初歸附。元至元十二年，立安撫司。十四年，改歸州路總管府。十六年，降為州。戶七千四百九十二，口一萬九百六十四。領縣三：

Guizhou, lower grade. In early Tang it was Gui Prefecture, later Badong Commandery, then restored as Gui Prefecture. In Song Duanping 3, as Yuan forces reached the north bank of the Yangzi, the seat was moved south to Qutuo on the Jiangnan shore, then to Xintan, then to Baisha Nanpu—the present seat dates from that relocation. It submitted at the opening of the Deyou era. In Zhiyuan 12 the Yuan established a pacification commission. In the fourteenth year it became the general superintendency of Guizhou Route. In the sixteenth year it was reduced to prefecture status. The prefecture had 7,492 households and 10,964 persons. It administered three counties:

29

秭歸，下。倚郭。巴東，下。興山。

Zigui, lower grade. Seat-attached county. Badong, lower grade. Xingshan.

30

靖州路，下。唐為夷、播、敘三州之境。宋為誠州，復改靖州。元至元十二年，立安撫司，明年，改靖州路總管府。戶二萬六千五百九十四，口六萬五千九百五十五。領縣三：

Jingzhou Route, lower grade. Under Tang it lay within the territories of Yi, Bo, and Xu prefectures. Under the Song it was Cheng Prefecture, later renamed Jing Prefecture. In Zhiyuan 12 the Yuan set up a pacification commission; the following year it became the general superintendency of Jingzhou Route. The route had 26,594 households and 65,955 persons. It administered three counties:

31

永平，下。會同，下。通道。下。

Yongping, lower grade. Huitong, lower grade. Tongdao. Lower grade.

32

湖南道宣慰司

Hunan Circuit Pacification Commission

33

嶺北湖南道肅政廉訪司

Surveillance Commission for Integrity Inspection, Lingbei-Hunan Circuit

34

天臨路，上。唐為潭州長沙郡。宋為湖南安撫司。元至元十三年，立安撫司。十四年，立行省，改潭州路總管府。十八年，遷行省于鄂州，徙湖南道宣慰司治潭州。天曆二年，以潛邸所幸，改天臨路。戶六十萬三千五百一，口一百八萬一千一十。領司一、縣五、州七。

Tianlin Route, upper grade. Under Tang it was Tan Prefecture, Changsha Commandery. Under the Song it was the Hunan pacification commission. In Zhiyuan 13 the Yuan established a pacification commission. In the fourteenth year a branch secretariat was established and Tanzhou was made a route general superintendency. In the eighteenth year the branch secretariat moved to Ezhou and the Hunan pacification commission took its seat at Tanzhou. In Tianli 2, because the future emperor had favored the place while heir apparent, it was renamed Tianlin Route. The route had 603,501 households and 1,081,010 persons. It administered one office, five counties, and seven prefectures.

35

錄事司。宋有兵馬司，都監領之。元至元十四年改置。

Record-keeping office. Under the Song a military and horse office was headed by a commander-in-chief. The Yuan replaced it in Zhiyuan 14.

36

長沙，上。倚郭。善化，倚郭。衡山，上。南嶽衡山在焉。寧鄉，上。安化。下。

Changsha, upper grade. Seat-attached county. Shanhua, seat-attached county. Hengshan, upper grade. It contains Mount Heng of the Southern Sacred Peak. Ningxiang, upper grade. Anhua. Lower grade.

37

醴陵州，中。唐、宋皆為縣。元元貞元年，升州。瀏陽州，中。唐、宋皆為縣。元元貞元年，升州。攸州，中。唐為縣，屬南雲州。宋屬潭州。元元貞年，升州。湘鄉州，下。唐、宋皆為縣。元元貞元年，升州。湘潭州，中。唐、宋皆為縣。元元貞元年，升州。益陽州，中。唐新康縣。宋安化縣。元元貞元年，升為益陽州。湘陰州，下。唐、宋皆為縣。元元貞元年，升州。

Liling Prefecture (middle grade). Under Tang and Song it was a county. In the first year of Yuanzhen under Yuan, it was raised to prefectural status. Liuyang Prefecture (middle grade). Under Tang and Song it was a county. In the first year of Yuanzhen under Yuan, it was raised to prefectural status. You Prefecture (middle grade). Under Tang it was a county under Nanyun Prefecture. Under Song it belonged to Tan Prefecture. In the Yuanzhen era under Yuan, it was raised to prefectural status. Xiangxiang Prefecture (lower grade). Under Tang and Song it was a county. In the first year of Yuanzhen under Yuan, it was raised to prefectural status. Xiangtan Prefecture (middle grade). Under Tang and Song it was a county. In the first year of Yuanzhen under Yuan, it was raised to prefectural status. Yiyang Prefecture (middle grade). Under Tang it was Xinkang County. Under Song it was Anhua County. In the first year of Yuanzhen under Yuan, it was raised to become Yiyang Prefecture. Xiangyin Prefecture (lower grade). Under Tang and Song it was a county. In the first year of Yuanzhen under Yuan, it was raised to prefectural status.

38

衡州路，上。唐初為衡州，又改衡陽郡，又仍為衡州。宋因之。元至元十三年，置安撫司。十四年，改衡州路總管府。十五年，置湖南宣慰司，以衡州為治所。十八年，移司於潭，衡州隸焉。戶一十一萬三千三百七十三，口二十萬七千五百二十三。領司一、縣三。本路屯田一百二十頃。

Hengzhou Route, upper grade. In early Tang it was Heng Prefecture, later Hengyang Commandery, then restored as Heng Prefecture. The Song kept the arrangement. In Zhiyuan 13 the Yuan established a pacification commission. In the fourteenth year it became the general superintendency of Hengzhou Route. In the fifteenth year the Hunan pacification commission was set up with its seat at Hengzhou. In the eighteenth year the commission moved to Tanzhou and Hengzhou was placed under it. The route had 113,373 households and 207,523 persons. It administered one office and three counties. The route maintained 120 qing of garrison farmland.

39

錄事司。宋立兵馬司，分在城民戶為五廂。元至元十三年改立。

Record-keeping office. The Song set up a military and horse office and divided city households into five wards. The Yuan replaced it in Zhiyuan 13.

40

衡陽，上。倚郭。安仁，下。酃縣。下。

Hengyang, upper grade. Seat-attached county. Anren, lower grade. Ling County. Lower grade.

41

道州路，下。唐為南營州，復改道州，復為江華郡。宋仍為道州。元至元十三年，置安撫司。十四年，改道州路總管府。戶七萬八千一十八，口一十萬九百八十九。領司一、縣四。

Daozhou Route, lower grade. Under Tang it was South Ying Prefecture, later Dao Prefecture, then Jianghua Commandery. Under the Song it remained Dao Prefecture. In Zhiyuan 13 the Yuan established a pacification commission. In the fourteenth year it became the general superintendency of Daozhou Route. The route had 78,018 households and 100,989 persons. It administered one office and four counties.

42

錄事司。

Record-keeping office.

43

營道，中。倚郭。寧遠，中。江華，中。永明。下。

Yingdao, middle grade. Seat-attached county. Ningyuan, middle grade. Jianghua, middle grade. Yongming. Lower grade.

44

永州路，下。唐改零陵郡為永州，宋因之。元至元十三年，置安撫司。十四年，改永州路總管府。戶五萬五千六百六十六，口一十萬五千八百六十四。領司一、縣三。本路屯田一百三頃。

Yongzhou Route, lower grade. Under Tang Lingling Commandery became Yong Prefecture; the Song kept the name. In Zhiyuan 13 the Yuan established a pacification commission. In the fourteenth year it became the general superintendency of Yongzhou Route. The route had 55,666 households and 105,864 persons. It administered one office and three counties. The route maintained 103 qing of garrison farmland.

45

錄事司。

Record-keeping office.

46

零陵，上。倚郭。東安，上。祁陽。中。

Lingling, upper grade. Seat-attached county. Dong'an, upper grade. Qiyang. Middle grade.

47

郴州路，下。唐改桂陽郡為郴州，宋因之。元至元十三年，置安撫司。十四年，改郴州路總管府。戶六萬一千二百五十九，口九萬五千一百一十九。領司一、縣六。

Chenzhou Route, lower grade. Under Tang Guiyang Commandery became Chen Prefecture; the Song kept the name. In Zhiyuan 13 the Yuan established a pacification commission. In the fourteenth year it became the general superintendency of Chenzhou Route. The route had 61,259 households and 95,119 persons. It administered one office and six counties.

48

錄事司。舊有兵馬司，至元十四年改立。

Record-keeping office. A military and horse office formerly existed; the Yuan replaced it in Zhiyuan 14.

49

郴陽，中。倚郭。舊為敦化縣，至元十三年，改今名。宜章，中。永興，中。興寧，下。桂陽，下。桂東。下。

Chenyang, middle grade. Seat-attached county. Formerly Dunhua County; it was renamed in Zhiyuan 13. Yizhang, middle grade. Yongxing, middle grade. Xingning, lower grade. Guiyang, lower grade. Guidong. Lower grade.

50

全州路，下。石晉於清湘縣置全州，宋因之。元至元十三年，置安撫司。十四年，改全州路總管府。戶四萬一千六百四十五，口二十四萬五百一十九。領司一、縣二。

Quanzhou Route, lower grade. The Later Jin established Quan Prefecture at Qingxiang County; the Song kept it. In Zhiyuan 13 the Yuan established a pacification commission. In the fourteenth year it became the general superintendency of Quanzhou Route. The route had 41,645 households and 240,519 persons. It administered one office and two counties.

51

錄事司。舊有兵馬司，至元十五年改立。

Record-keeping office. A military and horse office formerly existed; the Yuan replaced it in Zhiyuan 15.

52

清湘，上。倚郭。灌陽。下。

Qingxiang, upper grade. Seat-attached county. Guanyang. Lower grade.

53

寶慶路，下。唐邵州，又為邵陽郡。宋仍為邵州，又升寶慶府。元至元十二年，立安撫司。十四年，改寶慶路總管府。戶七萬二千三百九，口一十二萬六千一百五。領司一、縣二。

Baoqing Route, lower grade. Under Tang it was Shao Prefecture, later Shaoyang Commandery. Under the Song it remained Shao Prefecture, then was raised to Baoqing Superior Prefecture. In Zhiyuan 12 the Yuan established a pacification commission. In the fourteenth year it became the general superintendency of Baoqing Route. The route had 72,309 households and 126,105 persons. It administered one office and two counties.

54

錄事司。

Record-keeping office.

55

邵陽，上。倚郭。新化。中。

Shaoyang, upper grade. Seat-attached county. Xinhua. Middle grade.

56

武岡路，下。唐武岡縣。宋升為軍。元至元十三年，置安撫司。十四年，升武岡路總管府。戶七萬七千二百七，口三十五萬六千八百六十三。領司一、縣三。本路屯田八十六頃。

Wugang Route, lower grade. Under Tang it was Wugang County. The Song raised it to an army command. In Zhiyuan 13 the Yuan established a pacification commission. In the fourteenth year it became the general superintendency of Wugang Route. The route had 77,207 households and 356,863 persons. It administered one office and three counties. The route maintained 86 qing of garrison farmland.

57

錄事司。舊有兵馬司，領四廂，至元十五年改立。

Record-keeping office. A military and horse office formerly oversaw four wards; the Yuan replaced it in Zhiyuan 15.

58

武岡，上。倚郭。新寧，下。綏寧。下。

Wugang, upper grade. Seat-attached county. Xinning, lower grade. Suining. Lower grade.

59

桂陽路，下。唐郴州。宋升桂陽軍。元至元十二年，置安撫司。十四年，升桂陽路總管府。戶六萬五千五十七，口一十萬二千二百四。領司一、縣三。

Guiyang Route, lower grade. Under Tang it was Chen Prefecture. The Song raised it to Guiyang Army. In Zhiyuan 12 the Yuan established a pacification commission. In the fourteenth year it became the general superintendency of Guiyang Route. The route had 65,057 households and 102,204 persons. It administered one office and three counties.

60

錄事司。

Record-keeping office.

61

平陽，上。臨武，中。藍山。下。

Pingyang, upper grade. Linwu, middle grade. Lanshan. Lower grade.

62

茶陵州，下。唐為縣，隸南雲州。宋隸衡州，升為軍，復為縣。元至元十九年，升為州。戶三萬六千六百四十二，口一十七萬七千二百二。

Chaling Prefecture, lower grade. Under Tang it was a county under Nanyun Prefecture. Under the Song it was under Heng Prefecture, raised to an army command, then reduced again to a county. In Zhiyuan 19 the Yuan raised it to prefecture status. The prefecture had 36,642 households and 177,202 persons.

63

耒陽州，下。唐、宋皆為縣，隸湘東郡。元至元十九年，升為州。戶二萬五千三百一十一，口一十一萬一十。

Leiyang Prefecture, lower grade. Under Tang and Song it was a county under Xiangdong Commandery. In Zhiyuan 19 the Yuan raised it to prefecture status. The prefecture had 25,311 households and 110,010 persons.

64

常寧州，下。唐為縣，隸衡州。宋因之。元至元十九年，升為州。戶一萬八千四百三十一，口六萬九千四百二。

Changning Prefecture, lower grade. Under Tang it was a county under Heng Prefecture. The Song kept the arrangement. In Zhiyuan 19 the Yuan raised it to prefecture status. The prefecture had 18,431 households and 69,402 persons.

65

廣西兩江道宣慰使司都元帥府大德二年，廣西兩江道宣慰司都元帥府言：「比者黃聖許叛亂，逃竄交趾，遺棄水田五百四十五頃，請募溪洞徭、獞民丁，於上浪、忠州諸處開屯耕種，緩急則令擊賊，深為便益。」從之。

Guangxi Two-River Circuit Pacification Commission and Marshal's Headquarters. In Dade 2 the commission reported: "Huang Shengxu had lately rebelled and fled into Annam, leaving 545 qing of paddy fields abandoned. They asked to recruit Yao and Zhuang men from the stream grottoes to open garrison farms at Shanglang, Zhongzhou, and elsewhere, and to strike bandits when needed—a clear benefit." The request was approved.

66

嶺南廣西道肅政廉訪司

Surveillance Commission for Integrity Inspection, Lingnan-Guangxi Circuit

67

靜江路，上。唐初為桂州，又改始安郡，又改建陵郡，又置桂管，又升靜江軍。宋仍為靜江軍。元至元十三年，立廣西道宣撫司。十四年，改宣慰司。十五年，為靜江路總管府。元貞元年，併左右兩江宣慰司都元帥府為廣西兩江道宣慰司都元帥府，仍分司邕州。戶二十一萬八百五十二，口一百三十五萬二千六百七十八。領司一、縣十。

Jingjiang Route (upper grade). In early Tang it was Gui Prefecture; it was later renamed Shi’an Commandery and then Jianling Commandery, had Gui Administration established there, and was later raised to the Jingjiang army command. Under Song it remained Jingjiang Army. In the thirteenth year of Zhiyuan under Yuan, the Guangxi Circuit Pacification Commission was established. In the fourteenth year, it was changed into a Pacification Commissioner’s Office. In the fifteenth year, it became the Jingjiang Route General Administration. In the first year of Yuanzhen, the Left and Right Liangjiang Pacification Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief Offices were merged into the Guangxi Liangjiang Circuit Pacification Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief Office, while a branch office remained at Yong Prefecture. It had 210,852 households and 1,352,678 persons. It administered one office and ten counties.

68

錄事司。

Record-keeping office.

69

臨桂，上。倚郭。興安，下。靈川，下。理定，下。義寧，下。修仁，下。荔浦，下。陽朔，下。永福，下。古縣。下。

Lingui, upper grade. Seat-attached county. Xing'an, lower grade. Lingchuan, lower grade. Liding, lower grade. Yining, lower grade. Xiuren, lower grade. Lipu, lower grade. Yangshuo, lower grade. Yongfu, lower grade. Guxian. Lower grade.

70

南寧路，下。唐初為南晉州，又改邕州，又為永寧郡。元至元十三年，立安撫司。十六年，改為邕州路總管府兼左右兩江溪洞鎮撫。泰定元年，改為南寧路。戶一萬五百四十二，口二萬四千五百二十。領司一、縣二。

Nanning Route (lower grade). In early Tang it was Nanjin Prefecture; it was later renamed Yong Prefecture and then became Yongning Commandery. In the thirteenth year of Zhiyuan under Yuan, a Pacification Commission was established. In the sixteenth year, it was changed to the Yongzhou Route General Administration, concurrently supervising pacification of the stream-cave districts of the Left and Right Liangjiang. In the first year of Taiding, it was renamed Nanning Route. It had 10,542 households and 24,520 persons. It administered one office and two counties.

71

錄事司。

Record-keeping office.

72

宣化，下。武緣。下。

Xuanhua, lower grade. Wuyuan. Lower grade.

73

梧州路，下。唐改蒼梧郡，又仍為梧州。宋因之。元至元十四年，置安撫司。十六年，改梧州路總管府。戶五千二百，口一萬九百一十。領縣一：

Wuzhou Route, lower grade. Under Tang it was renamed Cangwu Commandery, then restored as Wuzhou. The Song kept the arrangement. In Zhiyuan 14 the Yuan established a pacification commission. In the sixteenth year it became the general superintendency of Wuzhou Route. It had 5,200 households and 10,910 persons. It administered one county:

74

蒼梧。下。

Cangwu. Lower grade.

75

潯州路，下。唐改潯江郡，又仍為潯州。元至元十三年，置安撫司。十六年，改為總管府。戶九千二百四十八，口三萬八十九。領縣二：

Xunzhou Route, lower grade. Under Tang it was renamed Xunjiang Commandery, then restored as Xun Prefecture. In Zhiyuan 13 the Yuan established a pacification commission. In the sixteenth year it became a general superintendency. It had 9,248 households and 30,089 persons. It administered two counties:

76

桂平，下。平南。下。

Guiping, lower grade. Pingnan. Lower grade.

77

柳州路，下。唐改龍城郡，又改柳州。元至元十三年，置安撫司。十六年，改柳州路總管府。戶一萬九千一百四十三，口三萬六百九十四。領縣三：

Liuzhou Route, lower grade. Under Tang it was renamed Longcheng Commandery, then Li Prefecture. In Zhiyuan 13 the Yuan established a pacification commission. In the sixteenth year it became the general superintendency of Liuzhou Route. It had 19,143 households and 30,694 persons. It administered three counties:

78

柳城，下。倚郭。馬平，下。洛容。下。

Liucheng, lower grade. Seat-attached county. Maping, lower grade. Luorong. Lower grade.

79

慶遠南丹溪洞等處軍民安撫司，唐為龍水郡，又改粵州。宋為慶遠府。元至元十三年，置安撫司。十六年，改慶遠路總管府。大德元年，中書省臣言：「南丹州安撫司及慶遠路相去為近，所隸戶少，請省之。」遂立慶遠南丹溪洞等處軍民安撫司。戶二萬六千五百三十七，口五萬二百五十三。領縣五：

The Military and Civilian Pacification Commission for Qingyuan, Nandan, the stream-cave districts, and other places: under Tang this was Longshui Commandery, later changed to Yue Prefecture. Under Song it was Qingyuan Prefecture. In the thirteenth year of Zhiyuan under Yuan, a Pacification Commission was established. In the sixteenth year, it was changed to the Qingyuan Route General Administration. In the first year of Dade, officials of the Central Secretariat said, “The Nandan Prefecture Pacification Commission and Qingyuan Route are close to each other, and the households under them are few. We request that they be merged.” Accordingly, the Military and Civilian Pacification Commission for Qingyuan, Nandan, the stream-cave districts, and other places was established. It had 26,537 households and 50,253 persons. It administered five counties:

80

宜山，下。忻城，下。天河，下。思恩，下。河池。下。

Yishan, lower grade. Xincheng, lower grade. Tianhe, lower grade. Si'en, lower grade. Hechi. Lower grade.

81

平樂府，唐以平樂縣置樂州，復改昭州，又為平樂郡，又仍為昭州。宋因之。元改為平樂府。戶七千六十七，口三萬三千八百二十。領縣四：

Pingle Superior Prefecture: under Tang, Pingle county became Le Prefecture, then Zhao Prefecture, then Pingle Commandery, and finally Zhao Prefecture again. The Song kept the arrangement. The Yuan reorganized it as Pingle Superior Prefecture. It had 7,067 households and 33,820 persons. It administered four counties:

82

平樂，下。倚郭。恭城，下。立山，下。龍平。下。

Pingle, lower grade. Seat-attached county. Gongcheng, lower grade. Lishan, lower grade. Longping. Lower grade.

83

鬱林州，下。唐為南尹州，又改貴州，又為鬱林州。宋因之。元至元十四年，仍行州事。戶九千五十三，口五萬一千五百二十八。領縣三：

Yulin Prefecture, lower grade. Under Tang it was Nanyin Prefecture, then Gui Prefecture, then Yulin Prefecture. The Song kept the arrangement. In Zhiyuan 14 the Yuan let it continue as a prefecture. It had 9,053 households and 51,528 persons. It administered three counties:

84

南流，下。興業，下。博白。下。

Nanliu, lower grade. Xingye, lower grade. Bobai. Lower grade.

85

容州，下。唐改銅州為容州，又改普寧郡，又置管內經略使。宋為寧遠軍。至元十三年，改安撫司。十六年，改容州路總管府。戶二千九百九十九，口七千八百五十四。領縣三：

Rong Prefecture, lower grade. Under Tang, Tong Prefecture became Rong Prefecture, then Puning Commandery, with an intra-circuit frontier commissioner installed. Under the Song it was Ningyuan Army. In Zhiyuan 13 it became a pacification commission. In the sixteenth year it became the general superintendency of Rongzhou Route. It had 2,999 households and 7,854 persons. It administered three counties:

86

普寧，下。北流，下。陸川。下。

Puning, lower grade. Beiliu, lower grade. Luchuan. Lower grade.

87

象州，下。唐改為象郡，又改象州。元至元十三年，立安撫司。十五年，改象州路總管府。戶一萬九千五百五十八，口九萬二千一百二十六。領縣三：

Xiang Prefecture, lower grade. Under Tang it was renamed Xiang Commandery, then Xiang Prefecture. In Zhiyuan 13 the Yuan established a pacification commission. In the fifteenth year it became the general superintendency of Xiangzhou Route. It had 19,558 households and 92,126 persons. It administered three counties:

88

陽壽，下。來賓，下。武仙。下。

Yangshou, lower grade. Laibin, lower grade. Wuxian. Lower grade.

89

賓州，下。唐以嶺方縣地置南方州，又為賓州，又改安城郡，又改嶺方郡，又仍為賓州。元至元十三年，置安撫司。十六年，改下路總管府。戶六千一百四十八，口三萬八千八百七十九。領縣三：

Bin Prefecture, lower grade. Under Tang, Lingfang county's territory became Nanfang Prefecture, then Bin Prefecture, Ancheng Commandery, Lingfang Commandery, and finally Bin Prefecture again. In Zhiyuan 13 the Yuan established a pacification commission. In the sixteenth year it became a lower-grade route general superintendency. It had 6,148 households and 38,879 persons. It administered three counties:

90

嶺方，下。倚郭。上林，下。遷江。下。

Lingfang, lower grade. Seat-attached county. Shanglin, lower grade. Qianjiang. Lower grade.

91

橫州，下。唐初為簡州，又改南簡州，又改橫州，又為寧浦郡。元至元十四年，立安撫司。十六年，改總管府。戶四千九十八，口三萬一千四百七十六。領縣二：

Heng Prefecture, lower grade. In early Tang it was Jian Prefecture, later Nanjian Prefecture, then Heng Prefecture, and finally Ningpu Commandery. In Zhiyuan 14 the Yuan established a pacification commission. In the sixteenth year it became a general superintendency. The prefecture had 4,098 households and 31,476 persons. It administered two counties:

92

寧浦，下。倚郭。永淳。下。

Ningpu, lower grade. Seat-attached county. Yongchun. Lower grade.

93

融州，下。唐初為融州，又改融水郡，後仍為融州。宋為清遠軍。元至元十四年，置安撫司。十六年，改融州路總管府。二十二年，改散州。戶二萬一千三百九十三，口三萬九千三百三十四。領縣二：

Rong Prefecture, lower grade. In early Tang it was Rong Prefecture, later Rongshui Commandery, and then Rong Prefecture again. Under the Song it was the Qingyuan army command. In Zhiyuan 14 the Yuan established a pacification commission. In the sixteenth year it became the general superintendency of Rongzhou Route. In the twenty-second year it was reduced to a detached prefecture. The prefecture had 21,393 households and 39,334 persons. It administered two counties:

94

融水，下。懷遠。下。

Rongshui, lower grade. Huaiyuan. Lower grade.

95

藤州，下。唐改感義郡，後仍為藤州。宋徙州治於大江西岸。元至元十三年，仍行州事。戶四千二百九十五，口一萬一千二百一十八。領縣二：

Teng Prefecture, lower grade. Under Tang it became Ganyi Commandery, then Teng Prefecture again. Under the Song the prefectural seat was moved to the west bank of the great river. In Zhiyuan 13 the Yuan maintained prefecture administration. The prefecture had 4,295 households and 11,218 persons. It administered two counties:

96

鐔津，下。岑溪。下。

Tanjin, lower grade. Cenxi. Lower grade.

97

賀州，下。唐改臨賀郡，後仍為賀州。宋因之。元至元十三年，仍行州事。戶八千六百七十六，口三萬九千二百三十五。領縣四：

He Prefecture, lower grade. Under Tang it became Linhe Commandery, then He Prefecture again. The Song kept the arrangement. In Zhiyuan 13 the Yuan maintained prefecture administration. The prefecture had 8,676 households and 39,235 persons. It administered four counties:

98

臨賀，下。倚郭。富川，下。桂嶺，下。懷集，下。宋屬廣州，至元十五年，以隸本州。

Linhe, lower grade. Seat-attached county. Fuchuan, lower grade. Guiling, lower grade. Huaiji, lower grade. Under the Song it belonged to Guang Prefecture; in Zhiyuan 15 it was placed under this prefecture.

99

貴州，下。唐改懷澤郡，後仍為貴州。元至元十四年，領郁林縣。大德九年，省縣，止行州事。戶八千八百九十一，口二萬八百一十一。貴州地接八番，與播州相去二百餘里，乃湖廣、四川、雲南喉衿之地。大德六年，雲南行省右丞劉深征八百媳婦，至貴州科夫，致宋隆濟等糾合諸蠻為亂，水東、水西、羅鬼諸蠻皆叛，劉深伏誅。

Gui Prefecture, lower grade. Under Tang it became Huaize Commandery, then Gui Prefecture again. In Zhiyuan 14 the Yuan placed Yulin county under its jurisdiction. In Dade 9 the county was abolished and only prefecture administration remained. The prefecture had 8,891 households and 20,811 persons. Gui Prefecture bordered the Eight Fan regions, lay more than two hundred li from Bozhou, and was a strategic choke point linking Huguang, Sichuan, and Yunnan. In Dade 6 Liu Shen, the Yunnan Branch Secretariat's right chancellor, marched against the Eight Hundred Wives kingdom. At Gui Prefecture he imposed corvée labor, prompting Song Longji and others to rally the tribal peoples in revolt. The Shuidong, Shuixi, and Luogui tribes all rebelled, and Liu Shen was put to death.

100

左江。左江出源州界，至合江鎮與右江水合為一，流入橫州號郁江。

Left River. The Left River rises within Yuan Prefecture, joins the Right River at Hejiang Town, and flows into Heng Prefecture as the Yu River.

101

思明路，戶四千二百二十九，口一萬八千五百一十。

Siming Route had 4,229 households and 18,510 persons.

102

太平路，戶五千三百一十九，口二萬二千一百八十六。

Taiping Route had 5,319 households and 22,186 persons.

103

右江。右江源出峨利州，與大理大盤水通。大盤在大理之威楚州。

Right River. The Right River rises in Euli Prefecture and connects with Dali's Dapan River. Dapan lies in Dali's Weichu Prefecture.

104

田州路軍民總管府，戶二千九百九十一，口一萬六千九百一。

The Tianzhou Route Military-Civilian General Superintendency had 2,991 households and 16,901 persons.

105

來安路軍民總管府。

Laian Route Military-Civilian General Superintendency.

106

鎮安路。以上並闕。

Zhen'an Route. Records for the above are lacking.

107

海北海南道宣慰司

Haibei-Hainan Circuit Pacification Commission

108

海北海南道肅政廉訪司至元三十年立。

Surveillance Commission for Integrity Inspection, Haibei-Hainan Circuit, established in Zhiyuan 30.

109

雷州路，下。唐初為南合州，又更名東合州，又為海康郡，又改雷州。元至元十五年，平章政事阿裏海牙南征海外四州，雷州歸附，初置安撫司。十七年，即此州為海北海南道宣慰司治所，改安撫司為總管府，隸宣慰司。戶八萬九千五百三十五，口一十二萬五千三百一十。本路屯田一百六十五頃有奇。領縣三：

Leizhou Route, lower grade. In early Tang it was Nanhe Prefecture, later Donghe Prefecture, then Haikang Commandery, and finally Lei Prefecture. In Zhiyuan 15 Grand Chancellor Ali Haiya campaigned south against the four overseas prefectures; Leizhou submitted and a pacification commission was first established. In the seventeenth year this prefecture became the seat of the Haibei-Hainan Circuit Pacification Commission; the pacification commission became a general superintendency under the pacification commission. The route had 89,535 households and 125,310 persons. The route maintained slightly more than 165 qing of garrison fields. It administered three counties:

110

海康，中。徐聞，下。遂溪。下。

Haikang, middle grade. Xuwen, lower grade. Suixi. Lower grade.

111

化州路，下。唐置羅州、辯州。宋廢羅州入辯州。復改辯州曰化州。元至元十五年，立安撫司。十七年，改總管府。戶一萬九千七百四十九，口五萬二千三百一十七。本路屯田五十五頃有奇。領縣三：

Huazhou Route, lower grade. Under Tang Luo Prefecture and Bian Prefecture were established. Under the Song Luo Prefecture was abolished and absorbed into Bian Prefecture. Bian Prefecture was renamed Huazhou. In Zhiyuan 15 the Yuan established a pacification commission. In the seventeenth year it became a general superintendency. The route had 19,749 households and 52,317 persons. The route maintained slightly more than 55 qing of garrison fields. It administered three counties:

112

石龍，下。吳川，下。石城。下。

Shilong, lower grade. Wuchuan, lower grade. Shicheng. Lower grade.

113

高州路，下。唐為高涼郡，又為高州。宋廢高州入竇州，後復置。元至元十五年，置安撫司。十七年，改總管府。戶一萬四千六百七十五，口四萬三千四百九十三。本路屯田四十五頃。領縣三：

Gaozhou Route, lower grade. Under Tang it was Gaoliang Commandery, then Gaozhou. Under the Song Gaozhou was abolished and merged into Dou Prefecture, then restored. In Zhiyuan 15 the Yuan established a pacification commission. In the seventeenth year it became a general superintendency. The route had 14,675 households and 43,493 persons. The route maintained 45 qing of garrison fields. It administered three counties:

114

電白，下。茂名，下。信宜。下。

Dianbai, lower grade. Maoming, lower grade. Xinyi. Lower grade.

115

欽州路，下。唐為寧越郡，又為欽州。宋因之。元至元十五年，置安撫司。十七年，改總管府。戶一萬三千五百五十九，口六萬一千三百九十三。領縣二：

Qinzhou Route, lower grade. Under Tang it was Ningyue Commandery, then Qin Prefecture. The Song kept the arrangement. In Zhiyuan 15 the Yuan established a pacification commission. In the seventeenth year it became a general superintendency. It had 13,559 households and 61,393 persons. It administered two counties:

116

安遠，下。靈山。下。

Anyuan (lower grade). Lingshan. Lower grade.

117

廉州路，下。唐為合浦郡，又改廉州。元至元十七年，設總管府。戶五千九百九十八，口一萬一千六百八十六。本路屯田四頃有奇。領縣二：

Lianzhou Route (lower grade). Under Tang it was Hepu Commandery, later renamed Lian Prefecture. In Zhiyuan 17 the Yuan established a general superintendency. It had 5,998 households and 11,686 persons. The route maintained slightly more than four qing of garrison fields. It administered two counties:

118

合浦，下。倚郭。石康。下。

Hepu (lower grade). Seat-attached county. Shikang. Lower grade.

119

乾甯軍民安撫司，唐以崖州之瓊山置瓊州，又為瓊山郡。宋為瓊管安撫都監。元至元十五年，隸海北海南道宣慰司。天曆二年，以潛邸所幸，改乾甯軍民安撫司。戶七萬五千八百三十七，口一十二萬八千一百八十四。本路屯田二百九十餘頃。領縣七：

Ganning Military-Civilian Pacification Commission. Under Tang, Qiongshan in Yazhou was made Qiong Prefecture and later Qiongshan Commandery. Under the Song it was the Qiong Circuit pacification general superintendency. In Zhiyuan 15 the Yuan placed it under the Haibei-Hainan Circuit Pacification Commission. In Tianli 2, because the future emperor had favored the place while heir apparent, it was renamed the Ganning Military-Civilian Pacification Commission. It had 75,837 households and 128,184 persons. The route maintained slightly more than 290 qing of garrison fields. It administered seven counties:

120

瓊山，下。倚郭。澄邁，下。臨高，下。文昌，下。樂會，下。會同，下。定安。下。

Qiongshan (lower grade). Seat-attached county. Chengmai (lower grade). Lingao (lower grade). Wenchang (lower grade). Lehui (lower grade). Huitong, lower grade. Ding'an. Lower grade.

121

南寧軍，唐儋州，改昌化郡。宋改昌化軍，又改南寧軍。元至元十五年，隸海北海南道宣慰司。戶九千六百二十七，口二萬三千六百五十二。領縣三：

Nanning Army. Under Tang it was Dan Prefecture, later renamed Changhua Commandery. The Song first made it Changhua Army, then renamed it Nanning Army. In Zhiyuan 15 the Yuan placed it under the Haibei-Hainan Circuit Pacification Commission. It had 9,627 households and 23,652 persons. It administered three counties:

122

宜倫，下。昌化，下。感恩。下。

Yilun (lower grade). Changhua (lower grade). Gan'en. Lower grade.

123

萬安軍，唐萬安州。宋更為軍。元至元十五年，隸海北海南道宣慰司。戶五千三百四十一，口八千六百八十六。領縣二：

Wan'an Army. Under Tang it was Wan'an Prefecture. The Song converted it again to an army command. In Zhiyuan 15 the Yuan placed it under the Haibei-Hainan Circuit Pacification Commission. It had 5,341 households and 8,686 persons. It administered two counties:

124

萬安，下。倚郭。陵水。下。

Wan'an (lower grade). Seat-attached county. Lingshui. Lower grade.

125

吉陽軍，唐振州。宋改崖州，又為硃崖郡，又改吉陽軍。元至元收附後，隸海北海南道宣慰司。戶一千四百三十九，口五千七百三十五。領縣一：

Jiyang Army. Under Tang it was Zhen Prefecture. The Song renamed it Yazhou, then Zhuyai Commandery, and finally Jiyang Army. After the Yuan received its submission, it was placed under the Haibei-Hainan Circuit Pacification Commission. It had 1,439 households and 5,735 persons. It administered one county:

126

寧遠。下。

Ningyuan. Lower grade.

127

八番順元蠻夷官。至元十六年，潭州行省遣兩淮招討司經歷劉繼昌招降西南諸番，以龍方零為小龍番靜蠻軍安撫使，龍文求臥龍番南寧州安撫使，龍延三大龍番應天府安撫使，程延隨程番武盛軍安撫使，洪延暢洪番永盛軍安撫使，韋昌盛方番河中府安撫使，石延異石番太平軍安撫使，盧延陵盧番靜海軍安撫使，羅阿資羅甸國遏蠻軍安撫使，並懷遠大將軍、虎符，仍以兵三千戍之。是年，宣慰使塔海以西南八番、羅氏等國已歸附者，具以來上，洞寨凡千六百二十有六，戶凡十萬一千一百六十有八。西南五番千一百八十六寨，戶八萬九千四百。西南番三百一十五寨，大龍番三百六十寨。二十八年，從楊勝請，割八番洞蠻，自四川行省隸湖廣行省。三十年，四川行省官言：「思、播州元隸四川，近改入湖廣，今土人願仍其舊。」有旨遣問，還雲，田氏、楊氏言，昨赴闕廷，取道湖廣甚便，況百姓相鄰，驛傳已立，願隸平章答剌罕。

Eight Tribes Shunyuan barbarian officials. In Zhiyuan 16 the Tanzhou Branch Secretariat sent Liu Jichang of the Huai East-Huai West Pacification Commission to win over the southwestern tribes. Long Fangling became pacification commissioner of the Little Dragon Tribe Jingman Army; Long Wenqiu, of the Crouching Dragon Tribe Nanning Prefecture; Long Yanda, of the Big Dragon Tribe Yingtian Prefecture; Cheng Yansui, of the Cheng Tribe Wusheng Army; Hong Yanchang, of the Hong Tribe Yongsheng Army; Wei Changsheng, of the Fang Tribe Hezhong Prefecture; Shi Yanyi, of the Shi Tribe Taiping Army; Lu Yanling, of the Lu Tribe Jinghai Army; and Luo Azi, of the Luodian State Eman Army. Each received the rank of General of Appeasement of the Distant and a tiger tally, and three thousand troops were posted as a garrison. That year Pacification Commissioner Tahai submitted a full report on the submitted Southwest Eight Tribes, Luo peoples, and other states: 1,626 stockaded settlements and 101,168 households. The Southwest Five Tribes had 1,186 stockades and 89,400 households. The Southwest Tribe had 315 stockades; the Big Dragon Tribe had 360. In the twenty-eighth year, at Yang Sheng's request, the Eight Tribes cave barbarians were transferred from the Sichuan Branch Secretariat to the Huguang Branch Secretariat. In the thirtieth year a Sichuan Branch Secretariat official reported: "Si and Bozhou originally belonged to Sichuan; they were recently reassigned to Huguang; the local people now wish to revert to the old arrangement." The throne ordered an inquiry. The reply reported that the Tian and Yang clans said their recent journey to court via Huguang had been very convenient; the populations are adjacent, relay stations are already in place, and they wish to remain under Vice Regent Dalqhan.

128

羅番遏蠻軍安撫司。

Luo Tribe Eman Army Pacification Commission.

129

程番武盛軍安撫司。

Cheng Tribe Wusheng Army Pacification Commission.

130

金石番太平軍安撫司。

Jinshi Tribe Taiping Army Pacification Commission.

131

臥龍番南寧州安撫司。

Crouching Dragon Tribe Nanning Prefecture Pacification Commission.

132

小龍番靜蠻軍安撫司。

Little Dragon Tribe Jingman Army Pacification Commission.

133

大龍番應天府安撫司。

Big Dragon Tribe Yingtian Prefecture Pacification Commission.

134

木瓜犵狫蠻夷軍民長官。

Mugua Gelao barbarian military-civilian chieftain.

135

韋番蠻夷長官。

Wei Tribe barbarian chieftain.

136

洪番永盛軍安撫司。

Hong Tribe Yongsheng Army Pacification Commission.

137

方番河中府安撫司。

Fang Tribe Hezhong Prefecture Pacification Commission.

138

盧番靜海軍安撫司。

Lu Tribe Jinghai Army Pacification Commission.

139

盧番蠻夷軍民長官。

Lu Tribe barbarian military-civilian chieftain.

140

定遠府。

Dingyuan Superior Prefecture.

141

桑州。

Sang Prefecture.

142

章龍州。

Zhanglong Prefecture.

143

必化州。

Bihua Prefecture.

144

小羅州。

Xiaoluo Prefecture.

145

下思同州。

Xiasi Tong Prefecture.

146

朝宗縣。上橋縣。新安縣。麻峽縣。甕蓬縣。小羅縣。章龍縣。烏山縣。華山縣。都雲縣。羅博縣。

Chaozong County. Shangqiao County. Xin'an County. Maxia County. Wengpeng County. Xiaoluo County. Zhanglong County. Wushan County. Huashan County. Duyun County. Luobo County.

147

管番民總管。

Native-official chieftaincy.

148

小程番。以下各設蠻夷軍民長官。

Little Cheng Tribe. Below these, each place had its own barbarian military-civilian chieftain.

149

中嶆百納等處。

Zhongcao, Baina, and other places.

150

底窩紫江等處。

Diwo Zijiang and other places.

151

甕眼納八等處。

Wengyan Naba and other places.

152

獨塔等處。

Duta and other places.

153

客當刻地等處。

Kedang Kedi and other places.

154

天臺等處。

Tiantai and other places.

155

梯下。

Tixia.

156

黨兀等處。

Dangwu and other places.

157

勇都硃砂古𤬪等處。

Yongdu Zhusha Guyao and other places.

158

大小化等處。

Daxiaohua and other places.

159

洛甲洛屯等處。

Luojia Luotun and other places.

160

低當低界等處。

Didang Dijie and other places.

161

獨石寨。

Dushi Stockade.

162

百眼佐等處。

Baiyanzuo and other places.

163

羅來州。

Luolai Prefecture.

164

那歷州。

Nali Prefecture.

165

重州。

Chong Prefecture.

166

阿孟州。

Ameng Prefecture.

167

上龍州。

Shanglong Prefecture.

168

峽江州。

Xiajiang Prefecture.

169

羅賴州。

Luolai Prefecture.

170

桑州。

Sang Prefecture.

171

白州。

Bai Prefecture.

172

北島州。

Beidao Prefecture.

173

羅那州。

Luona Prefecture.

174

龍里等寨。

Longli and other stockades.

175

六寨等處。

Liuzhai and other places.

176

帖犵狫等處。

Tie Gelao and other places.

177

本當三寨等處。

Bendang Sanzhai and other places.

178

山齋等處。

Shanzhai and other places.

179

羨塘帶夾等處。

Xiantang Daijia and other places.

180

都雲桑林獨立等處。

Duyun Sanglin Duli and other places.

181

六洞柔遠等處。

Liudong Rouyuan and other places.

182

竹古弄等處。

Zhugunong and other places.

183

中都雲板水等處。

Zhongdu Yunbanshui and other places.

184

金竹府。古𤬪縣。

Jinzhu Prefecture. Ancient Rao County.

185

都雲軍民府。

Duyun Military-Civil Prefecture.

186

萬平等處。

Wanping and other places.

187

南寧。

Nanning.

188

丹竹等處。

Danzhu and other places.

189

陳蒙。

Chenmeng.

190

李稍李殿等處。

Lishao Lidian and other places.

191

陽安等處。

Yang'an and other places.

192

八千蠻。

Baqian Man.

193

恭焦溪等處。

Gongjiaoxi and other places.

194

都鎮。

Duzhen.

195

平溪等處。

Pingxi and other places.

196

平月。

Pingyue.

197

李崖等處。

Liya and other places.

198

陽並等處。

Yangbing and other places.

199

盧山等處。

Lushan and other places.

200

乖西軍民府。皇慶元年立，以土官阿馬知府事，佩金符。

Guaixi Military-Civil Prefecture. Established in Huangqing 1, with the native official Ama put in charge of prefectural affairs and granted a gold tally.

201

順元等路軍民安撫司。至元二十年，四川行省討平九溪十八洞，以其酋長赴闕，定其地之可以設官者與其人之可以入官者，大處為州，小處為縣，並立總管府，聽順元路宣慰司節制。

Shunyuan Route Military-Civil Pacification Commission. In Zhiyuan 20 the Sichuan Branch Secretariat pacified the Nine Streams and Eighteen Caves. After their chieftains were brought to court, districts fit for offices and men fit for appointment were sorted out: larger ones became prefectures, smaller ones counties, and a general superintendency was set up under the Shunyuan Route Pacification Commission.

202

雍真乖西葛蠻等處。

Yongzhen Guaixi Geman and other places.

203

葛蠻雍真等處。

Geman Yongzhen and other places.

204

曾竹等處。大德七年，順元同知宣撫事阿重嘗為曾竹蠻夷長官，以其叔父宋隆濟結諸蠻為亂，棄家朝京師，陳其事宜，深入烏撒、烏蒙，至於水東，招諭木樓苗、狫，生獲隆濟以獻。

Zengzhu and other places. In Dade 7, Azhong — formerly native-official chieftain of Zengzhu and then Shunyuan associate pacification commissioner — learned that his uncle Song Longji had stirred the tribes to revolt. He left his household for the capital to report it, pushed deep into Wusa and Wumeng as far as Shuidong, won over the Mulou Miao and Gelao, captured Longji alive, and presented him.

205

龍平寨。

Longping Stockade.

206

骨龍等處。

Gulong and other places.

207

底寨等處。

Dizhai and other places.

208

茶山百納等處。

Chashan Bainai and other places.

209

納壩紫江等處。

Naba Zijiang and other places.

210

磨坡雷波等處。

Mopo Leibo and other places.

211

漕泥等處。

Caoni and other places.

212

青山遠地等處。

Qingshan Yuandi and other places.

213

木窩普沖普得等處。

Mowo Puchong Pude and other places.

214

武當等處。

Wudang and other places.

215

養龍坑宿徵等處。

Yanglongkeng Suzheng and other places.

216

骨龍龍裏清江水樓雍眼等處。

Gulong Longli Qingjiang Shuilou Yongyan and other places.

217

高橋青塘鴨水等處。

Gaoqiao Qingtang Yashui and other places.

218

落邦札佐等處。

Luobang Zhazuo and other places.

219

平遲安德等處。

Pingchi Ande and other places.

220

六廣等處。

Liuguang and other places.

221

貴州等處。

Guizhou and other places.

222

施溪樣頭。

Shixi Yangtou.

223

朵泥等處。

Duoni and other places.

224

水東。

Shuidong.

225

:巿北洞。

Shibei Cave.

226

思州軍民安撫司。婺川縣。

Sizhou Military-Civil Pacification Commission. Wuchuan county.

227

鎮遠府。

Zhenyuan Prefecture.

228

楠木洞。

Nanmu Cave.

229

古州八萬洞。

Guzhou Bawandong.

230

偏橋中寨。

Pianqiao Zhongzhai.

231

野雞平。

Yejiping.

232

德勝寨偏橋四甲等處。

Desheng Stockade, Pianqiao Sijia, and other places.

233

思印江等處。

Siyinjiang and other places.

234

石千等處。

Shiqian and other places.

235

曉愛瀘洞赤溪等處。

Xiao'ai Ludong Chixi and other places.

236

卑帶洞大小田等處。

Beidaidong Daxiaotian and other places.

237

黃道溪。

Huangdao Stream.

238

省溪壩場等處。

Shengxi Banchang and other places.

239

金容金達等處。

Jinrong Jinda and other places.

240

台蓬若洞住溪等處。

Taipeng Ruodong Zhuxi and other places.

241

洪安等處。

Hong'an and other places.

242

葛章葛商等處。

Gezhang Geshang and other places.

243

平頭著可通達等處。

Pingtou Zhuoke Tongda and other places.

244

溶江芝子平茶等處。

Rongjiang, Zhizi, Pingcha, and other places.

245

亮寨。

Liang stockade.

246

沿河。

Yanhe.

247

龍泉平。思州舊治龍泉，及火其城，即移治清江。至元十七年，敕徙安撫司還舊治。

Longquanping. Sizhou's former seat was Longquan; after that city was burned down, administration was moved to Qingjiang. In Zhiyuan 17 an edict ordered the pacification commission restored to its former seat.

248

佑溪。

Youxi.

249

水特薑。

Shuitijiang.

250

楊溪公俄等處。

Yangxi, Gong'e, and other places.

251

麻勇洞。

Mayong grotto.

252

恩勒洞。

Enle grotto.

253

大萬山蘇葛辦等處。

Dawanshan, Sugeban, and other places.

254

五寨銅人等處。

Wuzhai, Tongren, and other places.

255

銅人大小江等處。

Tongren Greater and Lesser River and other places.

256

德明洞。

Deming grotto.

257

鳥羅龍幹等處。

Wuluo, Longqian, and other places.

258

西山大洞等處。

Xishan Great Grotto and other places.

259

禿羅。

Tuluo.

260

浦口。

Pukou.

261

高丹。

Gaodan.

262

福州。

Fu Prefecture.

263

永州。

Yong Prefecture.

264

乃州。

Nai Prefecture.

265

鑾州。

Luan Prefecture.

266

程州。

Cheng Prefecture.

267

三旺州。

Sanwang Prefecture.

268

地州。

Di Prefecture.

269

忠州。

Zhong Prefecture.

270

天州。

Tian Prefecture.

271

文州。

Wen Prefecture.

272

合鳳州。

Hefeng Prefecture.

273

芝山州。

Zhishan Prefecture.

274

安習州。

Anxi Prefecture.

275

茆惸等團。

Maocong and other wards.

276

荔枝。

Lizhi.

277

安化上中下蠻。

Anhua upper, middle, and lower Man.

278

曹滴等洞。

Caodi and other grottoes.

279

洛卜寨。

Luobu stockade.

280

麥著土村。

Maizhu Tucun.

281

衙迪洞。

Yadi grotto.

282

會溪施容等處。

Huixi, Shirong, and other places.

283

感化州等處。

Ganhu Prefecture and other places.

284

契鋤洞。

Qichu grotto.

285

臘惹洞。

Lare grotto.

286

勞岩洞。

Laoyan grotto.

287

驢遲洞。

Lüchi grotto.

288

來化州。

Laihua Prefecture.

289

客團等處。

Ketuan and other places.

290

中古州樂墩洞。

Zhonggu Prefecture, Ledun grotto.

291

上里坪。

Shangliping.

292

洪州泊李等洞。

Hongzhou, Boli, and other grottoes.

293

張家洞。

Zhangjia grotto.

294

沿邊溪洞宣慰使司。至元二十八年，播州楊賽因不花言：「洞民近因籍戶，懷疑竄匿，乞降詔招集。」又言：「向所授安撫職任，隸順元宣慰司，其所管地，於四川行省為近，乞改為軍民宣撫司，直隸四川行省。」從之。以播州等處管軍萬戶楊漢英為紹慶珍州南平等處沿邊宣慰使，行播州軍民宣撫使、播州等處管軍萬戶，仍虎符。漢英即賽因不花也。仍頒所請詔旨，詔曰：「爰自前宋歸附，十五餘年，閱實戶數，乃有司當知之事，諸郡皆然，非獨爾播。自今以往，咸奠厥居，流移失所者，招諭復業，有司常加存恤，毋致煩擾，重困吾民。」

Frontier Stream-and-Grotto Pacification Commission. In Zhiyuan 28 Bozhou's Yang Saiyinbuhua reported: "Frontier stream-and-grotto peoples, alarmed by recent household registration and fearing they may be hunted for concealment, have fled into hiding; I beg that an edict be issued to summon them back." He also asked: "The pacification appointment previously granted me is subordinate to the Shunyuan Pacification Commission, but the territory I administer lies nearer to the Sichuan Branch Secretariat; I beg that it be redesignated a military-civil pacification commission directly under the Sichuan Branch Secretariat." The request was approved. Yang Hanying, commander of ten thousand households governing troops at Bozhou and other places, was made pacification commissioner of the frontier regions including Shaoqing, Zhen, and Nanping, acting Bozhou military-civil pacification commissioner and commander of ten thousand households governing troops at Bozhou and other places; he was still granted a tiger tally. Hanying was Saiyinbuhua. The requested edict was promulgated. It read: "Since submitting from the former Song more than fifteen years ago, verifying household numbers has been the authorities' duty everywhere, not in Bozhou alone. Henceforth all shall settle in their places; the displaced shall be summoned and urged to resume their livelihoods; the authorities shall constantly care for and relieve them, and must not harass and again deeply distress Our people."

295

播州軍民安撫司。

Bozhou Military-Civil Pacification Commission.

296

黃平府。

Huangping Prefecture.

297

平溪上塘羅駱家等處。

Pingxi, Shangtang, Luoluojia, and other places.

298

水軍等處。

Shuijun and other places.

299

石粉羅家永安等處。

Shifen, Luojia, Yong'an, and other places.

300

六洞柔遠等處。

Liudong Rouyuan and other places.

301

錫樂平等處。

Xileping and other places.

302

白泥等處。

Baini and other places.

303

南平綦江等處。

Nanping, Qijiang, and other places.

304

珍州思寧等處。

Zhenzhou, Sining, and other places.

305

水煙等處。

Shuiyan and other places.

306

溱洞涪洞等處。

Qindong, Fudong, and other grottoes.

307

洞天觀等處。

Dongtian Guan and other places.

308

葛浪洞等處。

Gelang grotto and other places.

309

賽壩埡黎焦溪等處。

Saibaya, Lijiaoxi, and other places.

310

小姑單張。

Xiaogu Danzhang.

311

倒柞等處。

Daozha and other places.

312

烏江等處。

Wujiang and other places.

313

舊州草堂等處。

Jiuzhou, Caotang, and other places.

314

恭溪杳洞。

Gongxi Yaodong.

315

水囤等處。

Shuidun and other places.

316

平伐月石等處。

Pingfa, Yueshi, and other places.

317

下壩。

Xiaba.

318

寨章。

Zhaizhang.

319

橫坡。

Hengpo.

320

平地寨。

Pingdi stockade.

321

寨勞。

Zailao stockade.

322

寨勇。

Zaiyong stockade.

323

上塘。

Shangtang.

324

寨坦。

Zaitan stockade.

325

㖗奔。

Kunben.

326

平莫。

Pingmo.

327

林種密秀。

Linzhong Mixiu.

328

沿河祐溪等處。

Yanhe, Youxi, and other places.

329

新添葛蠻安撫司。大德元年，授葛蠻安撫驛券一。

Xintian Geman Pacification Commission. In Dade 1 one relay pass was granted to the Geman Pacification Commission.

330

南渭州。

Nanwei Prefecture.

331

落葛谷鵝羅椿等處。

Luoge, Gu'e, Luochun, and other places.

332

昔不梁駱杯密約等處。

Xibuliang, Luobei, Miyue, and other places.

333

乾溪吳地等處。

Qianxi, Wudi, and other places.

334

噥聳古平等處。

Nongsong, Guping, and other places.

335

甕城都桑等處。

Wengcheng, Dusang, and other places.

336

都鎮馬乃等處。

Duzhen, Manai, and other places.

337

平普樂重墺等處。

Pingpu, Leyue, Chong'ao, and other places.

338

落同當等處。

Luotongdang and other places.

339

平族等處。

Pingzu and other places.

340

獨祿。

Dulu.

341

三陂地蓬等處。

Sanpodi, Peng, and other places.

342

小葛龍洛邦到駱豆虎等處。

Xiaogelong, Luobang, Daoluo, Douhu, and other places.

343

羅月和。

Luoyuehe.

344

麥傲。

Mai'ao.

345

大小田陂帶等處。

Greater and Lesser Tianpi, Dai, and other places.

346

都雲洞。

Duyun grotto.

347

洪安畫劑等處。

Hong'an, Huaji, and other places.

348

谷霞寨。

Guxia stockade.

349

刺客寨。

Cike stockade.

350

吾狂寨。

Wukuang stockade.

351

割利寨。

Geli stockade.

352

必郎寨。

Bilang stockade.

353

谷底寨。

Gudi stockade.

354

都谷郎寨。

Dugulang stockade.

355

犵狫寨。

Gelao stockade.

356

平伐等處。大德元年，平伐酋領內附，乞隸于亦奚不薛，從之。

Pingfa and other places. In Dade 1 the Pingfa chieftain submitted and asked to be placed under Yixibuxue; the request was granted.

357

安剌速。

Anlachu.

358

思樓寨。

Silou stockade.

359

落暮寨。

Luomu stockade.

360

梅求望懷寨。

Meiqiu Wanghuai stockade.

361

甘長寨。

Ganchang stockade.

362

桑州郎寨。

Sangzhoulang stockade.

363

永縣寨。

Yongxian stockade.

364

平里縣寨。

Pingli Xian stockade.

365

鎖州寨。

Suozhou stockade.

366

雙隆。

Shuanglong.

367

思母。

Simu.

368

歸仁。

Guiren.

369

各丹。

Gedan.

370

木當。

Mudang.

371

雍郎客都等處。

Yonglang, Kedou, and other places.

372

雍門犵狫等處。

Yongmen Gelao and other places.

373

棲求等處仲家蠻。

Qiqiu and other places Zhongjia Man.

374

婁木等處。

Lumu and other places.

375

樂賴蒙囊吉利等處。

Lelai, Mengnang, Jili, and other places.

376

華山谷津等處。

Huashan, Gujin, and other places.

377

青塘望懷甘長不列獨娘等處。

Qingtang, Wanghuai, Ganchang, Bulie, Duniang, and other places.

378

光州。

Guang Prefecture.

379

者者寨。

Zhezhe stockade.

380

安化思雲等洞。

Anhua, Siyun, and other grottoes.

381

北遐洞。

Beixia grotto.

382

茅難思風北郡都變等處。

Maonan, Sifeng, Beijun, Dubian, and other places.

383

必際縣。

Biji county.

384

上黎平。

Shangliping.

385

潘樂盈等處。

Panleying and other places.

386

誠州富盈等處。

Chengzhou, Fuying, and other places.

387

赤佘洞。

Chishe grotto.

388

羅章特團等處。

Luozhang Tetuan and other places.

389

福水州。

Fushui Prefecture.

390

允州等處。

Yun Prefecture and other places.

391

欽村。

Qincun.

392

硬頭三寨等處。

Yingtou Three Stockades and other places.

393

顏村。

Yancun.

394

水曆吾洞等處。

Shuili, Wudong, and other grottoes.

395

順東。

Shundong.

396

六龍圖。

Liulongtu.

397

推寨。

Tui stockade.

398

橘叩寨。

Jukou stockade.

399

黃頂寨。

Huangding stockade.

400

金竹等寨。

Jinzhu and other stockades.

401

格慢等寨。

Geman and other stockades.

402

客蘆寨。

Kelou stockade.

403

地省等寨。

Disheng and other stockades.

404

平魏。

Pingwei.

405

白崖。

Baiya.

406

雍門客當樂賴蒙囊大化木瓜等處。

Yongmen, Kedang, Lelai, Mengnang, Dahua, Mugua, and other places.

407

嘉州。

Jia Prefecture.

408

分州。

Fen Prefecture.

409

平硃。

Pingzhu.

410

洛河洛腦等處。

Luohe, Luonao, and other places.

411

寧溪。

Ningxi.

412

甕除。

Wengchu.

413

麥穰。

Mairang.

414

孤頂得同等處。

Guding, Detong, and other places.

415

甕包。

Wengbao.

416

三陂。

Sanpo.

417

控州。

Kong Prefecture.

418

南平。

Nanping.

419

獨山州。

Dushan Prefecture.

420

木洞。

Mudong.

421

瓢洞。

Piaodong.

422

窖洞。

Jiaodong.

423

大青山骨記等處。

Daqingshan, Guji, and other places.

424

百佐等處。

Baizuo and other places.

425

九十九寨蠻。

Ninety-nine stockades Man.

426

:當橋山齊朱谷列等處。

Dangqiaoshan, Qizhu, Gulie, and other places.

427

:虎列谷當等處。

Huliegu, Dang, and other places.

428

真滁杜珂等處。

Zhenchu, Duke, and other places.

429

楊坪楊安等處。

Yangping, Yang'an, and other places.

430

棣甫都城等處。

Difu, Ducheng, and other places.

431

楊友閬。

Yang Youlang.

432

百也客等處。

Baiyeke and other places.

433

阿落傳等寨。

Aluochuan and affiliated stockades.

434

蒙楚。

Mengchu.

435

公洞龍木。

Gongdong Longmu.

436

三寨貓犵剌等處。

Sanzhai Maogela and affiliated districts.

437

黑土石。

Heitu Rock.

438

洛賓洛咸。

Luobin and Luoxian.

439

益輪沿邊蠻。

Frontier tribal peoples of Yilun.

440

割和寨。

Gehe Stockade.

441

王都谷浪寨。

Wangdu Gulang Stockade.

442

王大寨。

Wangda Stockade.

443

只蛙寨。

Zhiwa Stockade.

444

黃平下寨。

Huangping Lower Stockade.

445

林拱章秀拱江等處。

Lingong, Zhangxiu, Gongjiang, and affiliated districts.

446

密秀丹張。

Mixiu Danzhang.

447

林種拱幫。

Linzhong Gongbang.

448

西羅剖盆。

Xiluo Popen.

449

杉木箐。

Shanmu Pass.

450

各郎西。

Gelangxi.

451

恭溪望成崖嶺等處。

Gongxi, Wangcheng, Yaling, and affiliated districts.

452

孤把。

Guba.

453

焦溪篤住等處。

Jiaoxi, Duzhu, and affiliated districts.

454

草堂等處。

Caotang and affiliated districts.

455

上桑直。

Upper Sangzhi.

456

下桑直。

Lower Sangzhi.

457

米坪。

Miping.

458

令其平尾等處。

Lingqi Pingwei and affiliated districts.

459

保靖州。

Baojing Prefecture.

460

特團等處。

Tetuan and affiliated districts.

461

征東等處行中書省，領府二、司一、勸課使五。大德三年，立征東行省，未幾罷。至治元年復立，命高麗國王為左丞相。

The Eastern Campaign Branch Secretariat comprised two fu-level prefectures, one commission, and five agricultural promotion commissioners. In Dade 3 the Eastern Campaign Branch Secretariat was established, then soon abolished. In Zhizhi 1 it was restored, and the king of Goryeo was appointed left grand councillor.

462

高麗國。事蹟見《高麗傳》。至元十八年，王睶言：「本國置站凡四十，民畜凋弊。」敕並為二十站。三十年，沿海立水驛，自耽羅至鴨綠江並楊村、海口凡十三所。

The Kingdom of Goryeo. Its affairs are recorded in the Goryeo Biography. In Zhiyuan 18 King Chungnyeol reported: "Our kingdom maintains forty relay stations, and the people and livestock are exhausted." An edict ordered them consolidated into twenty stations. In the thirtieth year thirteen coastal water relay stations were established from Tamna to the Yalu River, including Yangcun and Haikou.

463

瀋陽等路高麗軍民總管府。

Shenyang Circuit Goryeo Military-Civilian General Superintendency.

464

征東招討司。

Eastern Campaign Pacification Commission.

465

各道勸課使。

Agricultural promotion commissioners of each circuit.

466

慶尚州道。

Gyeongsang Circuit.

467

東界交州道。

Donggye Circuit.

468

全羅州道。

Jeolla Circuit.

469

忠清州道。

Chungcheong Circuit.

470

西海道。

Seohae Circuit.

471

耽羅軍民總管府。大德五年立。

Tamna Military-Civilian General Superintendency. Established in Dade 5.

472

河源附錄

Appendix on the Source of the Yellow River

473

河源古無所見。《禹貢》導河，止自積石。漢使張騫持節，道西域，度玉門，見二水交流，發蔥嶺，趨于闐，匯鹽澤，伏流千里，至積石而再出。唐薛元鼎使吐蕃，訪河源，得之于悶磨黎山。然皆曆歲月，涉艱難，而其所得不過如此。世之論河源者，又皆推本二家。其說怪迂，總其實，皆非本真。意者漢、唐之時，外夷未盡臣服，而道未盡通，故其所往，每迂回艱阻，不能直抵其處而究其極也。

The source of the Yellow River was unknown in antiquity. The Yugong guides the river only from Jishi. The Han envoy Zhang Qian, bearing credentials, traveled the Western Regions, crossed Yumen Pass, and saw two rivers join. They issued from Congling, ran toward Khotan, gathered in the Salt Lake, flowed underground for a thousand li, and emerged again at Jishi. The Tang envoy Xue Yuanding was sent to Tibet to inquire after the river's source and found it on Mount Wenmoli. Yet all these expeditions took years, braved hardship, and learned no more than this. Later writers on the river's source all traced their accounts to these two traditions. Their theories are fanciful and circuitous; in sum, none reflects the true source. Presumably in Han and Tang times the outer tribes had not all submitted and routes were not fully open, so travelers had to take roundabout, difficult paths and could not reach the source directly.

474

元有天下，薄海內外，人跡所及，皆置驛傳，使驛往來，如行國中。至元十七年，命都實為招討使，佩金虎符，往求河源。都實既受命，是歲至河州。州之東六十里，有寧河驛。驛西南六十里，有山曰殺馬關，林麓穹隘，舉足浸高，行一日至巔。西去愈高，四閱月，始抵河源。是冬還報，並圖其城傳位置以聞。其後翰林學士潘昂霄從都實之弟闊闊出得其說，撰為《河源志》。臨川硃思本又從八里吉思家得帝師所藏梵字圖書，而以華文譯之，與昂霄所志，互有詳略。今取二家之書，考定其說，有不同者，附注於下。按河源在土蕃朵甘思西鄙，有泉百餘泓，沮洳散渙，弗可逼視，方可七八十里，履高山下瞰，燦若列星，以故名火敦腦兒。火敦，譯言星宿也。思本曰：「河源在中州西南，直四川馬湖蠻部之正西三千餘里，雲南麗江宣撫司之西北一千五百餘里，帝師撒思加地之西南二千餘里。水從地湧出如井。其井百餘，東北流百餘里，匯為大澤，曰火敦腦兒。」群流奔輳，近五七里，匯二巨澤，名阿剌腦兒。自西而東，連屬吞噬，行一日，迤邐東騖成川，號赤賓河。又二三日，水西南來，名亦裏出，與赤賓河合。又三四日，水南來，名忽闌。又水東南來，名也裏術，合流入赤賓，其流浸大，始名黃河，然水猶清，人可涉。思本曰：「忽闌河源，出自南山。其地大山峻嶺，綿亙千里，水流五百餘里，注也裏出河。也裏出河源，亦出自南山。西北流五百餘里，始與黃河合。」又一二日，歧為八九股，名也孫斡論，譯言九渡，通廣五七里，可度馬。又四五日，水渾濁，土人抱革囊，騎過之。聚落糾木幹象舟，傅髦革以濟，僅容兩人。自是兩山峽束，廣可一里、二里或半裏，其深叵測。朵甘思東北有大雪山，名亦耳麻不莫剌，其山最高，譯言騰乞裏塔，即昆侖也。山腹至頂皆雪，冬夏不消。土人言，遠年成冰時，六月見之。自八九股水至昆侖，行二十日。思本曰：「自渾水東北流二百餘里，與懷裏火禿河合。懷裏火禿河源自南山，水正北偏西流八百餘里，與黃河合，又東北流一百餘里，過郎麻哈地。又正北流一百餘里，乃折而西北流二百餘里，又折而正北流一百餘里，又折而東流，過昆侖山下，番名亦耳麻不莫剌。其山高峻非常，山麓綿亙五百餘里，河隨山足東流，過撒思加闊即、闊提地。」

When the Yuan held all under heaven, relay stations were placed wherever people could reach, and envoys traveled between them as if moving within the realm. In Zhiyuan 17 the emperor appointed Duosu pacification commissioner, invested him with a gold tiger tally, and sent him to seek the river's source. Once Duosu received his commission, he reached He Prefecture that year. Sixty li east of the prefecture lay Ninghe Relay Station. Sixty li southwest of the station stood Shama Pass; its forests and ravines were deep and narrow, and with every step one climbed higher. After one day's travel one reached the summit. Traveling westward, the land rose ever higher; after four months he finally reached the river's source. That winter he returned to report and submitted maps of the relay stations and their positions. Later Hanlin Academician Pan Angxiao obtained the account from Duosu's younger brother Kuokuochu and compiled the Record of the River Source. Zhu Siben of Linchuan also obtained Sanskrit maps preserved by the Imperial Preceptor in the Balijisi family, translated them into Chinese, and his account and Pan Angxiao's record differ in detail. The accounts of both authors are here examined and reconciled; where they differ, notes are appended below. According to the source, the river rises in the western borderlands of Tibetan Do-Kham, where more than a hundred springs spread across marshy ground and cannot be approached closely. The area spans seventy or eighty li; from a high mountain one looks down and they glitter like arranged stars, hence the name Huodunnao'er. Huodun means "star constellation." Zhu Siben says: "The river's source lies southwest of the Central Provinces, directly west of Sichuan's Mapu tribal region, more than three thousand li away; northwest of Yunnan's Lijiang Pacification Commission by more than fifteen hundred li; and southwest of the Imperial Preceptor's Sasijia territory by more than two thousand li. The water gushes from the ground like wells. There are more than a hundred such wells; flowing northeast for more than a hundred li, they gather into a great lake called Huodunnao'er." The streams rush together; within five or seven li they gather into two great lakes named Alanao'er. From west to east they connect and merge; after one day's travel they stretch eastward into a river called the Chibin River. After two or three more days a river came from the southwest named Yilichu and joined the Chibin River. After three or four more days a river came from the south named Hulan. Another river came from the southeast named Yelishu; the combined streams entered the Chibin, the flow grew larger, and it was first called the Yellow River, though the water was still clear and men could wade it. Zhu Siben says: "The Hulan River's source rises in the southern mountains. In that region great mountains and steep ridges extend for a thousand li; the river flows more than five hundred li and enters the Yelishu River. The Yelishu River's source also rises in the southern mountains. Flowing northwest for more than five hundred li, it first joins the Yellow River." After one or two more days it divided into eight or nine channels named Yesunwolun, translated as "Nine Fords," five or seven li wide and passable on horseback. After four or five more days the water turned muddy; local people crossed by riding inflated hide bags. Settlements bound wooden poles into raft-like boats, covered them with hides to cross, and they held only two men. From this point two mountains hemmed in the river; it was one, two, or half a li wide, and unfathomably deep. Northeast of Do-Kham is a great snow mountain named Yierimabamola; it is the highest mountain, translated as Tengqilita—that is, Kunlun. From mid-slope to summit it is all snow, which never melts in winter or summer. Local people say that in years long past, when ice formed, it could still be seen in the sixth month. From the eight or nine channels to Kunlun is twenty days' travel. Zhu Siben says: "From where the muddy water flows northeast for more than two hundred li, it joins the Huaili Huotu River. The Huaili Huotu River rises in the southern mountains; its waters flow north with a slight bend west for more than eight hundred li and join the Yellow River, then flow northeast for more than a hundred li and pass Langmaha. Flowing due north for more than a hundred li, it then turns northwest for more than two hundred li, then due north for more than a hundred li, then east, passing below Kunlun Mountain—its Tibetan name is Yierimabamola. The mountain is extraordinarily high and steep; its foothills extend more than five hundred li; the river follows the mountain's base eastward, passing Sasijia, Kuoji, and Kuoti."

475

河行昆侖南半日，又四五日，至地名闊即及闊提，二地相屬。又三日，地名哈剌別裏赤兒，四達之沖也，多寇盜，有官兵鎮之。近北二日，河水過之。思本曰：「河過闊提，與亦西八思今河合。亦西八思今河源自鐵豹嶺之北，正北流凡五百餘里，而與黃河合。」昆侖以西，人簡少，多處山南。山皆不穹峻，水亦散漫，獸有髦牛、野馬、狼、麅、羱羊之類。其東，山益高，地亦漸下，岸狹隘，有狐可一躍而越之處。行五六日，有水西南來，名納鄰哈剌，譯言細黃河也。思本曰：「哈剌河自白狗嶺之北，水西北流五百餘里，與黃河合。」又兩日，水南來，名乞兒馬出。二水合流入河。思本曰：「自哈剌河與黃河合，正北流二百餘里，過阿以伯站，折而西北流，經昆侖之北二百餘里，與乞裏馬出河合。乞裏馬出河源自威、茂州之西北，岷山之北，水北流，即古當州境，正北流四百餘里，折而西北流，又五百餘里，與黃河合。」

The river ran south of Kunlun for half a day; after four or five more days it reached places named Kuoji and Kuoti, the two adjoining each other. After three more days it reached Halabielichier, a crossroads where many bandits roamed and government troops were stationed. About two days northward, the river passed it. Zhu Siben says: "After the river passed Kuoti, it joined the Yixibasijin River. The Yixibasijin River rises north of Tiebao Ridge; flowing due north for more than five hundred li, it joins the Yellow River." West of Kunlun the population is sparse; most live south of the mountains. The mountains are not lofty and steep, the waters are scattered, and the beasts include yak, wild horses, wolves, roe deer, and argali. To the east the mountains grow higher and the land slopes downward; the banks narrow, and in places a fox could leap across. After five or six days' travel a river came from the southwest named Nalinhala, translated as "Lesser Yellow River." Zhu Siben says: "The Hala River rises north of Baigou Ridge; its waters flow northwest for more than five hundred li and join the Yellow River." After two more days a river came from the south named Qiermachu. The two rivers joined and flowed into the Yellow River. Zhu Siben says: "From where the Hala River joins the Yellow River, it flows due north for more than two hundred li, passes Aiyibo Station, turns northwest, runs north of Kunlun for more than two hundred li, and joins the Qilimachu River. The Qilimachu River rises northwest of Wei and Mao prefectures, north of Mount Min; its waters flow north through the ancient Dang Prefecture region, due north for more than four hundred li, then turn northwest for more than five hundred li and join the Yellow River."

476

河水北行，轉西流，過昆侖北，一向東北流，約行半月，至貴德州，地名必赤裏，始有州治官府。州隸吐蕃等處宣慰司，司治河州。又四五日，至積石州，即《禹貢》積石。五日，至河州安鄉關。一日，至打羅坑。東北行一日，洮河水南來入河。思本曰：「自乞裏馬出河與黃河合，又西北流，與鵬拶河合。鵬拶河源自鵬拶山之西北，水正西流七百餘里，過劄塞塔失地，與黃河合。折而西北流三百餘里，又折而東北流，過西寧州、貴德州、馬嶺凡八百餘里，與邈水合。邈水源自青唐宿軍穀，正東流五百餘里，過二巴站與黃河合，又東北流，過土橋站古積石州來羌城、廓州構米站界都城凡五百餘里，過河州與野龐河合。野龐河源自西傾山之北，水東北流凡五百餘里，與黃河合。又東北流一百餘里，過踏白城銀川站與湟水、浩亹河合。湟水源自祁連山下，正東流一千餘里，注浩亹河。浩亹河源自刪丹州之南刪丹山下，水東南流七百餘里，注湟水，然後與黃河合。又東北流一百餘里，與洮河合。洮河源自羊撒嶺北，東北流，過臨洮府凡八百餘里，與黃河合。」又一日，至蘭州，過北卜渡。至鳴沙州，過應吉里州，正東行。至寧夏府南，東行，即東勝州，隸大同路。自發源至漢地，南北澗溪，細流傍貫，莫知紀極。山皆草石，至積石方林木暢茂。世言河九折，彼地有二折，蓋乞兒馬出及貴德必赤裏也。思本曰：「自洮水與河合，又東北流，過達達地，凡八百餘里。過豐州西受降城，折而正東流，過達達地古天德軍中受降城、東受降城凡七百餘里。折而正南流，過大同路雲內州、東勝州與黑河合。黑河源自漁陽嶺之南，水正西流，凡五百餘里，與黃河合。又正南流，過保德州、葭州及興州境，又過臨州，凡一千餘里，與吃那河合。吃那河源自古宥州，東南流，過陝西省綏德州，凡七百餘里，與黃河合。又南流三百里，與延安河合。延安河源自陝西蘆子關亂山中，南流三百餘里，過延安府，折而正東流三百里，與黃河合。又南流三百里，與汾河合。汾河源自河東朔、武州之南亂山中，西南流，過管州，冀甯路汾州，霍州，晉甯路絳州，又西流，至龍門，凡一千二百餘里，始與黃河合。又南流二百里，過河中府，遇潼關與太華大山綿亙，水勢不可復南，乃折而東流。大概河源東北流，所曆皆西番地，至蘭州凡四千五百餘里，始入中國。又東北流，過達達地，凡二千五百餘里，始入河東境內。又南流至河中，凡一千八百餘里。通計九千餘里。」

The river flowed north, then turned west, passed north of Kunlun, and flowed steadily northeast; after about half a month it reached Guide Prefecture, at a place named Bichili, where prefectural government first appeared. The prefecture was subordinate to the Pacification Commission of Tibetan Regions and other places, whose seat was at He Prefecture. After four or five more days it reached Jishi Prefecture—the Jishi of the Yugong. After five days it reached Anxiang Pass in He Prefecture. After one day it reached Daluo Hollow. Traveling northeast for one day, the Tao River came from the south and entered the Yellow River. Zhu Siben says: "From where the Qilimachu River joins the Yellow River, it flows northwest and joins the Pengza River. The Pengza River rises northwest of Pengza Mountain; its waters flow due west for more than seven hundred li, pass Zhasaitadi, and join the Yellow River. Turning northwest for more than three hundred li, then northeast for more than eight hundred li, it passes Xining Prefecture, Guide Prefecture, and Maling. It joins the Miao River. The Miao River rises in the garrison valley of Qingtang Sujun; flowing due east for more than five hundred li, it passes Erba Station and joins the Yellow River; then flowing northeast, it passes Tubiao Station, old Jishi Prefecture, Laicheng of Qiang, the boundary of Kuomi Station in Huozhou, and the capital city for more than five hundred li; it passes He Prefecture and joins the Yepang River. The Yepang River rises north of Mount Xiqing; its waters flow northeast for more than five hundred li and join the Yellow River. Flowing northeast for more than a hundred li, it passes Tabai City and Yinchuan Station and joins the Huang and Hao Rivers. The Huang River rises below Qilian Mountain; flowing due east for more than a thousand li, it enters the Hao River. The Hao River rises south of Shandan Prefecture, below Shandan Mountain; its waters flow southeast for more than seven hundred li, enter the Huang River, and then join the Yellow River. Flowing northeast for more than a hundred li, it joins the Tao River. The Tao River rises north of Yangsa Ridge; flowing northeast and passing Lintao Prefecture for more than eight hundred li, it joins the Yellow River." After one more day it reached Lan Prefecture and crossed Beibu Ford. It reached Mingsha Prefecture, passed Yingjili Prefecture, and traveled due east. South of Ningxia Prefecture it traveled eastward to Dongsheng Prefecture, subordinate to Datong Route. From the source to Han territory, ravines and brooks ran north and south with tributary streams joining from the sides beyond count. The mountains were all grass and rock; only at Jishi did forests flourish. Tradition says the river makes nine bends; in that region there are two bends, namely at Qiermachu and at Bichili in Guide. Zhu Siben says: "From where the Tao River joins the Yellow River, it flows northeast through Tatar territory for more than eight hundred li. Passing Feng Prefecture and the Western Surrender City, it turns due east, passes through Tatar territory, the old Central Surrender City of Tiande Army, and the Eastern Surrender City for more than seven hundred li. Turning due south, it passes Yunnei Prefecture of Datong Route, Dongsheng Prefecture, and joins the Hei River. The Hei River rises south of Yuyang Ridge; its waters flow due west for more than five hundred li and join the Yellow River. Flowing due south, it passes Baode Prefecture, Jia Prefecture, and Xing Prefecture, then passes Lin Prefecture for more than a thousand li and joins the China River. The China River rises in the old You Prefecture; flowing southeast and passing Suide Prefecture of Shaanxi Province for more than seven hundred li, it joins the Yellow River. Flowing south for three hundred li, it joins the Yan'an River. The Yan'an River rises in the chaotic mountains at Luzi Pass in Shaanxi; flowing south for more than three hundred li and passing Yan'an Prefecture, it turns due east for three hundred li and joins the Yellow River. Flowing south for three hundred li, it joins the Fen River. The Fen River rises in the chaotic mountains south of Shuozhou and Wuzhou in Hedong; flowing southwest, it passes Guan Prefecture, Fen Prefecture of Jining Route, Huo Prefecture, Jiang Prefecture of Jinning Route, then flows west to Longmen for more than twelve hundred li before first joining the Yellow River. Flowing south for two hundred li, it passes Hezhong Prefecture; encountering Tong Pass and the great mountains of Mount Taihua stretching across its path, the current could no longer flow south and so turned east. In general the river's source flows northeast through Tibetan territory; to Lan Prefecture is more than four thousand five hundred li before it enters China. Flowing northeast through Tatar territory for more than two thousand five hundred li, it first enters Hedong territory. Flowing south to Hezhong is more than eighteen hundred li. In all it totals more than nine thousand li."

477

西北地附錄

Appendix on Northwestern Territories

478

篤來帖木兒

Dulaitebmu'er

479

途魯吉。

Tuluji.

480

柯耳魯地。

Kirghiz territory.

481

畏兀兒地。至元二十年，立畏兀兒四處站及交鈔庫。

Uyghur territory. In Zhiyuan 20 four relay stations and paper-money treasuries were established in Uyghur territory.

482

哥疾甯。

Gejining.

483

可不裏。

Kebuli.

484

巴達哈傷。

Badakhshan.

485

途思。

Tusi.

486

忒耳迷。

Termez.

487

不花剌。

Bukhara.

488

那黑沙不。

Nakhshab.

489

的裏安。

Diliyan.

490

撒麻耳幹。

Samarkand.

491

忽氈。

Khutan.

492

麻耳亦囊。

Marvarid.

493

可失哈耳。

Kashgar.

494

忽炭。

Khotan.

495

柯提。

Koti.

496

兀提剌耳。

Utrar.

497

巴補。

Babu.

498

訛跡邗。

Yarkand.

499

倭赤。

Wochi.

500

苦叉。

Kucha.

501

柯散。

Kashan.

502

阿忒八失。

Atbash.

503

八里茫。

Balimang.

504

察赤。

Chachi.

505

也云赤。

Yeyunchi.

506

亦剌八里。

Yilibali.

507

普剌。

Pula.

508

也迷失。

Yemishi.

509

:阿里麻里。諸王海都行營于阿力麻里等處，蓋其分地也。自上都西北行六千里，至回鶻五城，唐號北庭，置都護府。又西北行四五千里，至阿力麻裏。至元五年，海都叛，舉兵南來，世祖逆敗之於北庭，又追至阿力麻裏，則又遠遁二千餘里。上令勿追，以皇子北平王統諸軍于阿力麻裏以鎮之，命丞相安童往輔之。

Alimali. The princes' mobile imperial encampment was at Alimali and other places, being their allotted domains. From the Upper Capital, traveling northwest six thousand li, one reaches the five cities of the Uyghurs; the Tang called it Beiting and established a protectorate. Traveling northwest another four or five thousand li, one reaches Alimali. In Zhiyuan 5 Haidu rebelled and marched south; Kublai met and defeated him at Beiting, then pursued him to Alimali, where he fled more than two thousand li farther away. The emperor ordered pursuit halted and placed Prince Beiping in command of the armies at Alimali to guard the region, appointing Chancellor Antong to assist him.

510

合剌火者。

Qara Khoja.

511

魯古塵。

Luguchum.

512

別失八里。至元十五年，授八撒察裏虎符，掌別失八里畏兀城子裏軍站事。十七年，以萬戶綦公直戍別失八里。十八年，從諸王阿只吉請，自大和嶺至別失八里置新站三十。二十年，立別失八里和州等處宣慰司。二十一年，阿只吉使來言：「元隸只必帖木兒二十四城之中，有察帶二城置達魯花赤，就付闊端，遂不隸省。」至是奉旨：「誠如所言，其還正之。」二十三年，遣侍衛新附兵千人屯田別失八里，置元帥府，即其地以總之。

Beshbalik. In Zhiyuan 15 Basachali was invested with a tiger tally to manage military relay affairs in the Uyghur city of Beshbalik. In the seventeenth year the ten-thousand-household commander Qi Gongzhi garrisoned Beshbalik. In the eighteenth year, at Prince Azhiji's request, thirty new relay stations were established from Daheling to Beshbalik. In the twentieth year the Pacification Commission of Beshbalik, He Prefecture, and other places was established. In the twenty-first year Prince Azhiji's envoy reported: "Of the twenty-four cities originally subordinate to Zhibietebmu'er, two Chaidai cities had darughachi appointed and were handed over to Kuoetuan, so they no longer belonged to the province." At this an edict stated: "If this is indeed so, restore the proper arrangement." In the twenty-third year a thousand newly attached guardsmen were sent to garrison and farm at Beshbalik; a marshal's headquarters was established there to command them.

513

他古新。

Tagusin.

514

仰吉八里。

Yangjibali.

515

古塔巴。

Gutaba.

516

彰八里。至元十五年，授朵魯知金符，掌彰八里軍站事。

Zhangbali. In Zhiyuan 15 Duoluzhi was invested with a gold tally to manage military relay affairs at Zhangbali.

517

月祖伯

Yuezubo

518

撒耳柯思。

Sarkis.

519

阿蘭阿思。

Alans.

520

欽察。太宗甲午年，命諸王拔都征西域欽義、阿速、斡羅思等國。歲乙未，亦命憲宗往焉。歲丁酉，師至寬田吉思海傍，欽義酋長八赤蠻逃避海島中，適值大風，吹海水去而幹，生禽八赤蠻，遂與諸王拔都征斡羅思，至也列贊城，七日破之。歲丁巳，出師南征，以駙馬剌真之子乞反為達魯花赤，鎮守斡羅思、阿思。歲癸丑，括斡羅思、阿思戶口。

Cumans. In Ögedei's jiawu year (1234), Batu was ordered to campaign in the Western Regions against the Qinyi, Asud, Rus, and other peoples. In the following yiwei year (1235), Möngke was likewise ordered to join the campaign. In dingyou (1237) the army reached the Caspian shore. The Qinyi chieftain Bachman fled to a sea island, but a gale blew the water back and left the seabed dry, and he was taken alive. Batu then marched against Rus, besieged Riazan, and captured it in seven days. In dingsi (1257) troops marched south on campaign; Qifan, son of the imperial son-in-law Lazhen, was made darughachi to garrison Rus and As. In guichou (1253) a census registered the households of Rus and As.

521

阿羅思。

Rus.

522

不里阿耳。

Bulgar.

523

撒吉剌。

Sajira.

524

花剌子模。

Khwarazm.

525

賽蘭。

Sairam.

526

巴耳赤邗。

Barchinkent.

527

氈的。

Jand.

528

不賽因。

Busayin.

529

八哈剌因。

Baghdad.

530

怯失。

Kish.

531

八吉打。

Baghdad.

532

孫丹尼牙。

Sultaniyya.

533

忽里模子。

Khulm.

534

可咱隆。

Kazvin.

535

設剌子。

Shiraz.

536

泄剌失。

Shiraz.

537

苦法。

Kufa.

538

瓦夕的。

Wasit.

539

兀乞八剌。

Uqbal.

540

:毛夕里。

Maragha.

541

:設里汪。

Shirvan.

542

羅耳。

Ray.

543

乞里茫沙杭。

Kirman Shah.

544

蘭巴撒耳。

Lampasir.

545

那哈完的。

Nahavand.

546

亦思法杭。

Isfahan.

547

撒瓦。

Sava.

548

柯傷。

Kashan.

549

低廉。

Dilam.

550

胡瓦耳。

Khuz.

551

西模娘。

Simnan.

552

阿剌模忒。

Alamut.

553

可疾云。

Qazvin.

554

阿模裏。

Amol.

555

撒裏牙。

Sari.

556

泰咪設。

Tamisha.

557

贊章。

Zanjan.

558

阿八哈耳。

Abhar.

559

:撒里茫。

Sari.

560

:朱里章。

Jurjan.

561

的希思丹。

Tus.

562

巴耳打阿。

Bardaa.

563

打耳班。

Darband.

564

巴某。

Bam.

565

塔八辛。

Tabas.

566

不思忒。

Bist.

567

法因。

Fars.

568

乃沙不耳。

Nishapur.

569

撒剌哈歹。

Sarakhs.

570

巴瓦兒的。

Bavard.

571

麻里兀。

Marv.

572

塔里干。

Talikan.

573

巴里黑。

Balkh.

574

吉利吉思、撼合納、謙州、益蘭州等處。吉利吉思者，初以漢地女四十人，與烏斯之男結婚，取此義以名其地。南去大都萬有餘里。相傳乃滿部始居此，及元朝析其民為九千戶。其境長一千四百里，廣半之，謙河經其中，西北流。又西南有水曰阿浦，東北有水曰玉須，皆巨浸也，會於謙，而注於昴可剌河，北入於海。俗與諸國異。其語言則與畏吾兒同。廬帳而居，隨水草畜牧，頗知田作，遇雪則跨木馬逐獵。土產名馬、白黑海東青。昴可剌者，因水為名，附庸于吉利吉思，去大都二萬五千餘里。其語言與吉利吉思特異。晝長夜短，日沒時炙羊肋熟，東方已曙矣，即《唐史》所載骨利斡國也。烏斯亦因水為名，在吉利吉思東，謙河之北。其俗每歲六月上旬，刑白馬牛羊，灑馬湩，咸就烏斯沐漣以祭河神，謂其始祖所從出故也。撼合納猶言布囊也，蓋口小腹巨，地形類此，因以為名。在烏斯東，謙河之源所從出也。其境上惟有二山口可出入，山水林樾，險阻為甚，野獸多而畜字少。貧民無恆產者，皆以樺皮作廬帳，以白鹿負其行裝，取鹿乳，采松實，及劚山丹、芍藥等根為食。

Kirghiz, Khanhe Na, Qian Prefecture, Yilan Prefecture, and related territories. Kirghiz takes its name from a founding legend: forty Han women were married to men of Wus, and the land was named from that union. It lies more than ten thousand li south of Dadu. Tradition says the Naiman first settled here; the Yuan divided the population into nine thousand households. The region is about 1,400 li long and half as wide; the Kem River runs through it toward the northwest. To the southwest lies Lake Apu and to the northeast Lake Yuxu; both are large lakes. They join the Kem, which flows into the Angara and then north to the sea. Local customs differ from those of neighboring peoples. The language is the same as Uighur. They live in felt tents, move with pasture and water while herding, practice some agriculture, and in snow use wooden skis to hunt. Notable products include fine horses and white and black gyrfalcons. Angara, named for its river, was subject to Kirghiz and lay more than 25,000 li from Dadu. Its language differed markedly from Kirghiz. Days are long and nights short: mutton ribs roasted at sunset are done by the time dawn breaks in the east. This is the Guli Gan country recorded in Tang histories. Wus, likewise named for its river, lay east of Kirghiz and north of the Kem. Each year in early sixth month they sacrifice white horses, cattle, and sheep, sprinkle mare's milk, and bathe in the Wus River to worship the river god, whom they regard as the source of their ancestors. Khanhe Na means 'cloth sack': the terrain is narrow at one end and broad at the other, like a sack, hence the name. It lies east of Wus, at the headwaters of the Kem. Only two mountain passes give access; rugged mountains, rivers, and forest make travel difficult; game is abundant but livestock scarce. Impoverished people without fixed holdings live in birch-bark tents, pack goods on tame white deer, drink deer milk, gather pine nuts, and eat lily and peony roots.

575

月亦乘木馬出獵。謙州亦以河為名，去大都九千里，在吉利吉思東南，謙河西南，唐麓嶺之北，居民數千家，悉蒙古、回紇人。有工匠數局，蓋國初所徙漢人也。地沃衍宜稼，夏種秋成，不煩耘耔。或云汪罕始居此地。益蘭者，蛇之稱也。初，州境山中居人，見一巨蛇，長數十步，從穴中出飲河水，腥聞數里，因以名州。至元七年，詔遣劉好禮為吉利吉思撼合納謙州益蘭州等處斷事官，即于此州修庫廩，置傳舍，以為治所。先是，數部民俗，皆以杞柳為杯皿，刳木為槽以濟水，不解鑄作農器，好禮聞諸朝，乃遣工匠，教為陶冶舟楫，土人便之。

In winter they also hunt on wooden skis. Qian Prefecture, named for the Kem, lay 9,000 li from Dadu southeast of Kirghiz and southwest of the Kem, north of the Lu Ridge. Several thousand households lived there, mostly Mongols and Uighurs. Several craft bureaus were staffed by Han people relocated at the dynasty's founding. The soil is rich and easily farmed; crops planted in summer ripen in autumn without hoeing or weeding. Some say Wang Khan first settled here. Yilan means 'snake.' Legend says mountain dwellers once saw a giant snake dozens of paces long leave its cave to drink from the river; its stench carried for li, and the prefecture was named accordingly. In Zhiyuan 7 Liu Haoli was appointed judicial commissioner over Kirghiz, Khanhe Na, Qian, and Yilan; he built granaries and relay stations at Yilan as his headquarters. Earlier, locals made cups from willow and water troughs from hollowed logs and knew no metal farming tools. Haoli reported this to court, craftsmen were sent to teach pottery and boat-building, and the people benefited.

576

安南郡縣附錄

Appendix: Annam commanderies and counties.

577

安南，古交趾也。陳氏叛服之跡，已見本傳，今取其城邑之可紀者，錄于左方。

Annam is ancient Jiaozhi (Giao Châu). The Chen house's cycles of rebellion and submission are treated in the main biography; notable walled settlements are listed here.

578

大羅城路，漢交趾郡。唐置安南都護府。宋時郡人李公蘊立國於此。及陳氏立，以其屬地置龍興、天長、長安府。

Daluocheng Route: the Han Jiaozhi commandery. Tang established the Protectorate General of Annan. Under the Song the local magnate Li Gongyun founded a state here. When the Chen dynasty took power, its domains were organized as Longxing, Tianchang, and Chang'an prefectures.

579

龍興府，本多岡鄉。陳氏有國，置龍興府。

Longxing Prefecture: originally Duogang township. The Chen established Longxing Prefecture when they ruled the kingdom.

580

天長府，本多墨鄉，陳氏祖父所生之地。建行宮於此，歲一至，示不忘本，故改曰天長。

Tianchang Prefecture: originally Duomo township, birthplace of the Chen founders. A royal lodge was built here; the ruler visited yearly to honor his origins, hence the name Tianchang ('Long Day').

581

長安府，本華閭洞，丁部領所生之地。五代末，部領立國於此。

Chang'an Prefecture: originally Hualü Cave, birthplace of Ding Buling. At the end of the Five Dynasties Buling founded his kingdom here.

582

歸化江路，地接雲南。

Guihua River Route: borders Yunnan.

583

宣化江路，地接特磨道。

Xuanhua River Route: borders the Temo Circuit.

584

沱江路，地接金齒。

Tuojiang River Route: borders Jinchi.

585

諒州江路，地接左右兩江。

Liang Prefecture River Route: borders the Left and Right Rivers.

586

北江路，在羅城東岸，瀘江水分入北江，江有六橋。

Beijiang Route: on Luocheng's east bank, where the Lu River splits into the Beijiang; six bridges span the river.

587

如月江路。

Ruyue River Route.

588

南冊江路。

Nance River Route.

589

大黃江路。

Dahuang River Route.

590

烘路。

Hong Route.

591

快路。

Kuai Route.

592

國威州，在羅城南。此以下州，多接雲南、廣西界，雖名州，其實洞也。

Guowei Prefecture: south of Luocheng. Below this point most 'prefectures' border Yunnan and Guangxi; though named prefectures, they were in fact tribal cave domains.

593

古州，在北江。

Gu Prefecture: on the Beijiang.

594

仙州，古龍編。

Xian Prefecture: ancient Longbian.

595

富良。

Fuliang.

596

司農。一云楊舍。

Sinong. Also called Yangshe.

597

定邊。一云明媚。

Dingbian. Also called Mingmei.

598

萬涯。一云明黃。

Wanya. Also called Minghuang.

599

文周。一云門州。

Wenzhou. Also called Men Prefecture.

600

七源。

Qiyuan.

601

思浪。

Silang.

602

大原。一雲黃源。

Taiyuan. Also called Huangyuan.

603

通農。

Tongnong.

604

羅順。一云來神。

Luoshun. Also called Laishen.

605

梁舍。一云梁个。

Liangshe. Also called Liangge.

606

平源。

Pingyuan.

607

光州。一云明蘇。

Guang Prefecture. Also called Mingsu.

608

渭龍。一云乙舍。

Weilong. Also called Yishe.

609

道黃。即平林場。

Daohuang. Same as Pinglin Station.

610

武寧。此以下縣，接雲南、廣西界，雖名縣，其實洞也。

Wuning. Below this point most 'counties' border Yunnan and Guangxi; though named counties, they were in fact tribal cave domains.

611

萬載。

Wanzai.

612

丘溫。

Qiuwen.

613

新立。

Xinli.

614

恍縣。

Huang County.

615

紙縣。

Zhi County.

616

歷縣。

Li County.

617

闌橋。

Lanqiao.

618

烏延。

Wuyan.

619

古勇。

Guyong.

620

供縣。

Gong County.

621

窟縣。

Ku County.

622

上坡。

Shangpo.

623

門縣。

Men County.

624

清化府路，漢九真。隋、唐為愛州。其屬邑更號曰江、曰場、曰甲、曰社。

Qinghua Prefecture Route: the Han Jiuzhen commandery. Under Sui and Tang it was Ai Prefecture. Its subordinate settlements were renamed jiang, chang, jia, and she.

625

梁江。

Liang River.

626

波龍江。

Bolong River.

627

古農江。

Gunong River.

628

宋舍江。

Songshe River.

629

茶江。

Cha River.

630

安暹江。

Anxian River.

631

分場。古文場。

Fenchang. Ancient Wenchang.

632

古藤甲。

Guteng Jia.

633

支明甲。

Zhiming Jia.

634

古弘甲。

Guhong Jia.

635

古戰甲。

Guzhan Jia.

636

緣甲。

Yuan Jia.

637

乂安府路，漢日南。隋、唐為驩州。

Yi'an Prefecture Route: the Han Rinan commandery. Under Sui and Tang it was Huan Prefecture.

638

倍江。

Bei River.

639

惡江。

E River.

640

偈江。

Jie River.

641

尚路社。

Shanglu She.

642

唐舍社。

Tangshe She.

643

張舍社。

Zhangshe She.

644

演州路，本日南屬縣，曰扶演、安仁。唐改演州。

Yan Prefecture Route: originally Rinan subordinate counties Fuyan and Anren. Tang renamed it Yan Prefecture.

645

孝江。

Xiao River.

646

多壁場。

Duobi Chang.

647

巨賴社。

Julai She.

648

他袁社。

Tayuan She.

649

布政府路，本日南郡象林縣，東濱海，西際真蠟，南接扶南，北連九德。東漢末，區連殺象林令，自立國，稱林邑。唐時有環王者，徙國於占，曰占城。今布政乃林邑故地。

Buzheng Prefecture Route: originally Xianglin County in Rinan; east on the sea, west to Zhenla, south to Funan, north to Jiude. In late Eastern Han Qu Lian killed the Xianglin magistrate, set up an independent state, and called it Linyi. Under Tang King Huan moved the capital to Zhan and renamed the realm Champa. Present-day Buzheng was old Linyi territory.

650

自安南大羅城至燕京，約一百一十五驛，計七千七百餘里。

From Annam's Daluocheng to Yanjing is about 115 relay stages—roughly 7,700 li.

651

邊氓服役

Border peoples subject to corvée service.

652

占城。

Champa.

653

王琴。

Wang Qin.

654

蒲伽。

Pujia.

655

道覽。

Daolan.

656

淥淮。

Lühuai.

657

稔婆邏。

Renpoluo.

658

獠。

Liao.

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