Volume 67 Treatises 20: Rites and Music 1

禮樂一

Rites and Music I

《傳》曰：「禮者，天地之序也；樂者，天地之和也。」致禮以治躬，外貌斯須不莊不敬，則慢易之心入之矣；致樂以治心，中心斯須不和不樂，則鄙詐之心入之矣。古之禮樂，壹本於人君之身心，故其為用，足以植綱常而厚風俗；後世之禮樂，既無其本，唯屬執事者從事其間，故僅足以美聲文而侈觀聽耳。此治之所以不如古也。

The Commentary says: "Rites are the ordering of Heaven and Earth; and music is the harmony of Heaven and Earth." By applying rites to discipline the body, if one's outward manner is for an instant not grave and respectful, a spirit of disrespect and levity will creep in; by applying music to discipline the mind, if one's inner heart is for an instant not harmonious and joyful, a spirit of coarseness and guile will creep in. In ancient times rites and music derived entirely from the ruler's own person and heart; as instruments they were enough to uphold the fundamental order and deepen popular custom; but the rites and music of later ages, deprived of that foundation, were left to mere functionaries to manage, so they could only polish reputation and documents and provide lavish spectacle for the eyes and ears. This is why government in later times could not match that of antiquity.

前聖之制，至周大備。周公相成王，制禮作樂，而教化大行，邈乎不可及矣。秦廢先代典禮，漢因秦制，起朝儀，作宗廟樂。魏、晉而後，五胡雲擾，秦、漢之制亦復不存矣。唐初襲用隋禮，太常多肄者，教坊俗樂而已。至宋，承五季之衰，因唐禮，作《太常因革禮》，而所制《大晟樂》，號為古雅。及乎靖康之變，禮文樂器，掃蕩無遺矣。元之有國，肇興朔漠，朝會燕饗之禮，多從本俗。太祖元年，大會諸侯王於阿難河，即皇帝位，始建九斿白旗。世祖至元八年，命劉秉忠、許衡始制朝儀。自是，皇帝即位、元正、天壽節，及諸王、外國來朝，冊立皇后、皇太子，群臣上尊號，進太皇太后、皇太后冊寶，暨郊廟禮成、群臣朝賀，皆如朝會之儀；而大饗宗親、錫宴大臣，猶用本俗之禮為多。

The institutions of the ancient sages attained their fullest form under the Zhou. The Duke of Zhou assisted King Cheng, devised the rites and composed the music, and moral transformation flourished on a scale that seemed utterly beyond reach. Qin discarded the canonical rites of earlier dynasties; Han adopted Qin institutions, instituted court ceremony, and composed music for the ancestral temples. After Wei and Jin, the Five Hu peoples swarmed in disorder, and the Qin and Han systems vanished as well. Early Tang continued Sui ritual practice, but what the Court of Imperial Sacrifices chiefly rehearsed was merely the popular music of the Music Office. Under Song, inheriting the decay of the Five Dynasties, they followed Tang ritual, compiled the Rites of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices on Reform and Change, and the Dasheng Music they created was hailed as ancient and refined. With the Jingkang disaster, ritual texts and musical instruments were swept away entirely. When the Yuan founded their state, rising from the northern steppe, the rites of court assembly and banquet entertainment largely followed their own native customs. In the first year of Taizu, the princes were gathered in great assembly at the Anan River; he took the imperial throne and first raised the white banner with nine streamers. In the eighth year of the Zhiyuan era under Shizu, Liu Bingzhong and Xu Heng were commissioned to devise court ceremony for the first time. Thereafter, the emperor's enthronement, New Year's Day, the Heavenly Longevity Festival, visits from princes and foreign states, investiture of empress and crown prince, the ministers' presentation of honorific titles, delivery of seals and regalia to the Grand Empress Dowager and Empress Dowager, and congratulatory audiences after suburban and temple rites all followed court assembly protocol; but grand feasts for the imperial clan and bestowed banquets for high ministers still relied chiefly on native customs.

若其為樂，則自太祖征用舊樂於西夏，太宗征金太常遺樂於燕京，及憲宗始用登歌樂，祀天於日月山，而世祖命宋周臣典領樂工，又用登歌樂享祖宗於中書省。既又命王鏞作《大成樂》，詔括民間所藏金之樂器。至元三年，初用宮縣、登歌、文武二舞於太廟，烈祖至憲宗八室，皆有樂章。三十年，又撰社稷樂章。成宗大德間，制郊廟曲舞，復撰宣聖廟樂章。仁宗皇慶初，命太常補撥樂工，而樂制日備。大抵其於祭祀，率用雅樂，朝會饗燕，則用燕樂，蓋雅俗兼用者也。

In music, from Taizu's requisition of old music in Western Xia, Taizong's acquisition of the Jin Court of Imperial Sacrifices' surviving music at Yanjing, and Xianzong's first use of ascent hymns to sacrifice to Heaven at Sun-Moon Mountain, to Shizu's appointment of Song Zhouchen to direct the musicians and his use of ascent hymns to honor the ancestors at the Secretariat. Wang Tong was then commissioned to compose the Great Completion Music, and an edict ordered the collection of Jin musical instruments held in private hands. In the third year of Zhiyuan, bell-chimes, ascent hymns, and the civil and martial dances were first employed in the Imperial Ancestral Temple; all eight shrines from Liezu to Xianzong received their own hymn texts. In the thirtieth year, hymn texts for the Altars of Soil and Grain were also drafted. During Chengzong's Dade reign, suburban and temple song-dances were instituted, and hymns for the Temple of the Sagely Proclaimed were composed anew. At the opening of Renzong's Huangqing reign, the Court of Imperial Sacrifices was ordered to replenish and assign musicians, and the musical establishment grew steadily more complete. Broadly speaking, sacrifices chiefly employed elegant music, while court assemblies and banquets used banquet music, so refined and popular styles were employed side by side.

元之禮樂，揆之於古，固有可議。然自朝儀既起，規模嚴廣，而人知九重大君之尊，重其樂聲雄偉而宏大，又足以見一代興王之象，其在當時，亦云盛矣。今取其可書者著於篇，作《禮樂志》。

The Yuan rites and music, judged against antiquity, certainly invite debate. Yet once court ceremony was in place, its scale was imposing and far-reaching, and all recognized the majesty of the sovereign in his ninefold palace; its music, moreover, was powerful, stately, and vast, enough to embody the aura of a dynasty-founding king—by the standards of its day, it was indeed magnificent. What can be reliably recorded is set down here in the Treatise on Rites and Music.

○制朝儀始末

○ Establishing Court Ceremony: Origins and Development

世祖至元八年秋八月己未，初起朝儀。先是，至元六年春正月甲寅，太保劉秉忠、大司農孛羅奉旨，命趙秉溫、史杠訪前代知禮儀者肄習朝儀。既而秉忠奏曰：「二人習之，雖知之，莫能行也。」得旨，許用十人。遂征儒生周鐸、劉允中、尚文、嶽忱、關思義、侯祐賢、蕭琬、徐汝嘉，從亡金故老烏古倫居貞、完顏復昭、完顏從愈、葛從亮、於伯儀及國子祭酒許衡、太常卿徐世隆，稽諸古典，參以時宜，沿情定制，而肄習之，百日而畢。秉忠復奏曰：「無樂以相須，則禮不備。」奉旨，搜訪舊教坊樂工，得杖鼓色楊皓、笛色曹楫、前行色劉進、教師鄭忠，依律運譜，被諸樂歌，六月而成，音聲克諧，陳於萬壽山便殿，帝聽而善之。秉忠及翰林太常奏曰：「今朝儀既定，請備執禮員。」有旨，命丞相安童、大司農孛羅擇蒙古宿衛士可習容止者二百餘人，肄之期月。七年春二月，奏以丙子觀禮。前期一日，布綿蕝金帳殿前，帝及皇后臨觀於露階，禮文樂節，悉無遺失。冬十有一月戊寅，秉忠等奏請建官典朝儀，帝命與尚書省論定以聞。

In the eighth month of autumn in the eighth year of the Zhiyuan era under Shizu, on day jiwei, court ceremony was performed for the first time. Previously, in the first month of spring in the sixth year of Zhiyuan, on day jiayin, Grand Preceptor Liu Bingzhong and Director of the Imperial Granary Boluo received orders to send Zhao Bingwen and Shi Gang to find men versed in the rituals of earlier dynasties and train them in court ceremony. Bingzhong then memorialized: "With only two men training in it, they may learn the rites but cannot perform them." The throne approved the use of ten men. Confucian scholars Zhou Duo, Liu Yunzhong, Shang Wen, Yue Chen, Guan Siyi, Hou Youxian, Xiao Wan, and Xu Rujia were summoned, along with former Jin elders Wugulun Juzhen, Wanyan Fuzhao, Wanyan Congyu, Ge Congliang, and Yu Boyi, Chancellor of the National University Xu Heng, and Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices Xu Shilong; they consulted the ancient canon, adapted it to present needs, shaped regulations to circumstance, and rehearsed until the training was finished in one hundred days. Bingzhong memorialized again: "Without music to accompany the rites, the ceremony is incomplete." By imperial order they searched out former Music Office musicians, securing Yang Hao of the staff-drum section, Cao Ji of the flute section, Liu Jin of the lead section, and instructor Zheng Zhong; following pitch standards they composed scores and set all songs and music; in six months the work was finished, the sound fully harmonized, and it was presented at the side hall on Longevity Hill; the emperor heard it and expressed his approval. Bingzhong and the Hanlin and Court of Imperial Sacrifices memorialized: "Now that court ceremony is established, we request officers trained to perform the rites." The throne ordered Chancellor Antong and Director Boluo to choose more than two hundred Mongol palace guards who could be trained in deportment, and they rehearsed for one month. In the second month of spring in the seventh year, they memorialized to hold a ceremonial viewing on day bingzi. On the day before, cotton screens and a golden tent were erected before the hall; the emperor and empress watched from the open steps, and every ritual movement and musical cue was performed without omission. In the eleventh month of winter, on day wuyin, Bingzhong and others memorialized to establish an office to oversee court ceremony; the emperor ordered the Secretariat to deliberate and report back.

八年春二月，立侍儀司，以忽都於思、也先乃為左右侍儀，奉御趙秉溫為禮部侍郎兼侍儀司事，周鐸、劉允中為左右侍儀使，尚文、嶽忱為左右直侍儀事，關思義、侯祐賢為左右侍儀副使，蕭琬、徐汝嘉為僉左右侍儀事，烏古倫居貞為承奉班都知，完顏復昭為引進副使，葛從亮為侍儀署令，於伯儀為尚衣局大使。夏四月，侍儀司奏請制內外仗，如歷代故事，從之。秋七月，內外仗成。遇八月帝生日，號曰天壽聖節，用朝儀自此始。

In the second month of spring in the eighth year, the Directorate of Ceremonial Attendants was established: Hudusi and Yesainai as Left and Right Ceremonial Attendants; Palace Attendant Zhao Bingwen as Vice Minister of Rites and concurrent head of the directorate; Zhou Duo and Liu Yunzhong as Left and Right Directors; Shang Wen and Yue Chen as Left and Right Direct Supervisors; Guan Siyi and Hou Youxian as Left and Right Vice Directors; Xiao Wan and Xu Rujia as Supernumerary Left and Right Supervisors; Wugulun Juzhen as Chief of the Presentation Corps; Wanyan Fuzhao as Vice Commissioner of Introduction; Ge Congliang as Director of the Ceremonial Attendants Office; and Yu Boyi as Commissioner of the Imperial Wardrobe Bureau. In the fourth month of summer, the Directorate memorialized to institute inner and outer guards of honor according to precedents of earlier dynasties, and the request was approved. In the seventh month of autumn, the inner and outer guards of honor were completed. When the emperor's birthday fell in the eighth month, it was designated the Sacred Festival of Heavenly Longevity, and court ceremony was first used on that occasion.

○元正受朝儀

○ New Year's Day Court Reception Ceremony

前期三日，習儀於聖壽萬安寺。〈（或大興教寺。）〉前二日，陳設於殿庭。至期大昕，侍儀使引導從護尉，各服其服，入至寢殿前，捧牙牌跪報外辦。內侍入奏，出傳制曰「可」，侍儀使俯伏興。皇帝出閣升輦，鳴鞭三。侍儀使拜通事舍人，分左右，引擎執護尉、劈正斧中行，導至大明殿外。劈正斧直正門北向立，導從倒卷序立，惟扇置於锜。侍儀使導駕時，引進使同內侍官，引宮人擎執導從，入至皇后宮庭，捧牙牌跪報外辦。內侍入啟，出傳旨曰「可」，引進使俯伏興。皇后出閣升輦，引進使引導從導至殿東門外，引進使分退押直至堊塗之次，引導從倒卷出。俟兩宮升禦榻，鳴鞭三，劈正斧退立於露階東。司晨報時雞唱畢，尚引引殿前班，皆公服，分左右入日精、月華門，就起居位，相向立。通班舍人唱曰「左右衛上將軍兼殿前都點檢臣某以下起居」，尚引唱曰「鞠躬」，曰「平身」，引至丹墀拜位，知班報班齊。宣贊唱曰「拜」，通贊贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「都點檢稍前」。宣贊報曰「聖躬萬福」，通贊贊曰「復位」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」，曰「搢笏」，曰「鞠躬」，曰「三舞蹈」，曰「跪左膝，三叩頭」，曰「山呼」，曰「山呼」，曰「再山呼」，〈（凡傳「山呼」，控鶴呼噪應和曰「萬歲」，傳「再山呼」，應曰「萬萬歲」。後仿此。）〉曰「出笏」，曰「就拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平立」，宣贊唱曰「各恭事」。兩班點檢、宣徽將軍分左右升殿，宿直以下分立殿前，尚廄分立仗南，管旗分立大明門南楹。

Three days beforehand, the ceremony was rehearsed at the Temple of Sacred Longevity and Universal Peace. (Alternatively at the Daxing Instruction Temple.) Two days beforehand, the ritual furnishings were arranged in the hall courtyard. At dawn on the appointed day, the director of ceremonial attendants led the escort guards, each in proper dress; they entered before the sleeping hall, held the ivory tally, knelt, and reported that preparations outside were complete. An inner attendant went in to report; the reply came out with the decree "Proceed"; the director prostrated himself and rose. The emperor emerged from the pavilion and mounted the palanquin; the whip was cracked three times. The director bowed to the relay clerks, divided to left and right, took the palanquin with escort guards and the axe-bearer marching in the center, and conducted them to the exterior of the Hall of Great Brilliance. The axe-bearer stood facing north directly before the main gate; the escort formed in reverse order; only the fans were set on the stand. While the director guided the imperial carriage, the commissioner of introduction and inner attendants led palace women bearing the escort regalia into the empress's palace courtyard, held the ivory tally, knelt, and reported that preparations outside were complete. An inner attendant went in to announce; the reply came out with the edict "Proceed"; the commissioner prostrated himself and rose. The empress emerged from the pavilion and mounted the palanquin; the commissioner led the escort to outside the hall's east gate; the commissioner withdrew in separate groups escorting as far as the whitewashed wall, and the escort filed out in reverse order. When both sovereigns had taken their seats on the imperial couch, the whip was cracked three times; the axe-bearer withdrew and stood to the east of the open steps. The dawn officer announced the hour after the cock-crow; the senior usher led the front court ranks, all in court dress, through the Sun Essence and Moon Splendor gates to left and right, took their positions for the felicitation rite, and stood facing one another. The relay clerk called: "The Senior General of the Left and Right Guards and concurrent Director of Palace Front Inspection, Subject So-and-so and below, perform felicitation"; the senior usher called "Bow," then "Stand erect," led them to the cinnabar terrace bowing position, and the rank officer reported that the ranks were aligned. The announcer called "Bow"; the relay announcer intoned "Bow," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Director of Inspection, step slightly forward." The announcer reported "May His Majesty enjoy ten thousand blessings"; the relay announcer intoned "Return to position," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Stand erect," "Insert the tablet," "Bow," "Perform the three dances," "Kneel on the left knee, three kowtows," "Mountain shout," "Mountain shout," "Again mountain shout," (Whenever "mountain shout" was called, the Crane Controllers shouted in response "Long live the emperor"; when "again mountain shout" was called, they responded "Long live the emperor for ten thousand years." (Later ceremonies followed this pattern.) "Withdraw the tablet," "Proceed to bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Stand erect"; the announcer called "Each attend to his duty." The two ranks of inspectors and palace commissioners ascended the hall to left and right; those on night duty and below took their stations before the hall; the Imperial Stables stood south of the guard of honor; and flag officers stood at the south pillar of the Great Brilliance Gate.

俟后妃、諸王、駙馬以次賀獻禮畢，典引引丞相以下，皆公服，入日精、月華門，就起居位。通班唱曰「文武百僚、開府儀同三司、錄軍國重事、監修國史、右丞相〈（具官無常。）〉臣某以下起居」，典引贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「平身」，引至丹墀拜位，知班報班齊。宣贊唱曰「拜」，通贊贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」，曰「搢笏」，曰「鞠躬」，曰「三舞蹈」，曰「跪左膝，三叩頭」，曰「山呼」，曰「山呼」，曰「再山呼」，曰「出笏」，曰「就拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」。侍儀使詣丞相前請進酒，雙引升殿。前行樂工分左右，引登歌者及舞童舞女，以次升殿門外露階上。登歌之曲各有名，音中本月之律。〈（先期，儀鳳司運譜，翰林院撰辭肄之。）〉丞相至宇下褥位立，侍儀使分左右北向立。俟前行色曲將半，舞旋列定，通贊唱曰「分班」，樂作。侍儀使引丞相由南東門入，宣徽使奉隨至禦榻前。丞相跪，宣徽使立於東南，曲終。丞相祝贊曰：「溥天率土，祈天地之洪福，同上皇帝、皇后億萬歲壽。」宣徽使答曰：「如所祝。」丞相俯伏興，退詣進酒位。尚醞官以觴授丞相，丞相搢笏捧觴，北面立，宣徽使復位。前行色降，舞旋至露階上。教坊奏樂，樂舞至第四拍，丞相進酒，皇帝奉觴。宣贊唱曰「殿上下侍立臣僚皆再拜」，通贊贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」。丞相三進酒畢，以觴授尚醞官，出笏，侍儀使雙引自南東門出，復位，樂止。〈（至元七年進酒儀：班首至殿前褥位立，前行進曲，尚醞官執空杯，自正門出，授班首。班首搢笏執空杯，由正門入，至禦榻前跪。俟曲終，以杯授尚醞官，出笏祝贊。宣徽使曰「諾」，班首俯伏興。班首、宣徽使由南東門出，各復位。班首以下舞蹈山呼五拜，百官分班，教坊奏樂，尚醞官進酒，殿上下侍立臣僚皆再拜。三進酒畢，班首降至丹墀。至元十八年十二月二十八日改今儀。）〉

After the empress, consorts, princes, and imperial sons-in-law had in turn completed their congratulatory offerings, the chief usher led the chancellor and those below, all in court dress, through the Sun Essence and Moon Splendor gates to their felicitation positions. The relay clerk announced: "Civil and military officials, Ministers of State of the first rank, recorders of state military affairs, supervising editors of the national history, Right Chancellor (The full list of offices is not fixed.) Subject So-and-so and below, perform felicitation"; the chief usher intoned "Bow," "Stand erect," led them to the cinnabar terrace bowing position, and the rank officer reported that the ranks were aligned. The announcer called "Bow"; the relay announcer intoned "Bow," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Stand erect," "Insert the tablet," "Bow," "Perform the three dances," "Kneel on the left knee, three kowtows," "Mountain shout," "Mountain shout," "Again mountain shout," "Withdraw the tablet," "Proceed to bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Stand erect." The director of ceremonial attendants went before the chancellor to request the wine presentation and escorted him up the hall in pairs. The lead musicians divided to left and right, leading the ascent singers and boy and girl dancers in turn up to the open steps outside the hall gate. Each ascent hymn had its own title, its pitch tuned to the pitch standard of the current month. (In advance, the Office of Ceremonial Phoenixes composed the scores, and the Hanlin Academy drafted the texts for rehearsal.) The chancellor took his place on the cushion below the hall; the director divided to left and right and stood facing north. When the lead section's tune was nearly half finished and the dance formations were set, the relay announcer called "Divide ranks," and the music began. The director led the chancellor in through the southeast gate; the palace commissioner attended and followed to before the imperial couch. The chancellor knelt; the palace commissioner stood to the southeast; the tune ended. The chancellor offered the blessing: "Throughout heaven and earth and all within the four seas, we pray for the great blessings of Heaven and Earth and together wish the emperor and empress long life for ten thousand myriad years." The palace commissioner replied: "As you have prayed." The chancellor prostrated himself and rose, withdrew, and went to the wine-presentation position. The imperial wine officer handed the cup to the chancellor; the chancellor inserted his tablet and held the cup, standing facing north; the palace commissioner returned to his position. The lead section descended; the dance formations moved to the open steps. The Music Office performed; when the music and dance reached the fourth beat, the chancellor presented the wine and the emperor received the cup. The announcer called "All officials standing above and below the hall, bow twice"; the relay announcer intoned "Bow," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Stand erect." When the chancellor had completed the three wine presentations, he handed the cup to the imperial wine officer, withdrew his tablet, and the director escorted him out in pairs through the southeast gate; he returned to position; and the music stopped. (Wine-presentation ceremony of the seventh year of Zhiyuan: the rank leader stood at the cushion position before the hall; the lead section advanced the tune; the imperial wine officer held an empty cup, came out through the main gate, and handed it to the rank leader. The rank leader inserted his tablet and held the empty cup, entered through the main gate, and knelt before the imperial couch. When the tune ended, he handed the cup to the imperial wine officer, withdrew his tablet, and offered the blessing. The palace commissioner said "It is granted"; the rank leader prostrated himself and rose. The rank leader and palace commissioner went out through the southeast gate and each returned to position. The rank leader and those below performed the dances, mountain shouts, and five bows; the hundred officials divided ranks; the Music Office performed; the imperial wine officer presented wine; and all officials standing above and below the hall bowed twice. After the three rounds of wine were presented, the rank leader descended to the cinnabar terrace. (On the twenty-eighth day of the twelfth month of the eighteenth year of Zhiyuan, the present ceremony was adopted.)

通贊贊曰「合班」。禮部官押進奏表章、禮物二案至橫階下，宣禮物舍人進讀禮物目，至第二重階。俟進讀表章官等，〈（翰林國史院屬官一人。）〉至宇下齊跪。宣表目舍人先讀中外百司表目，翰林院官讀中書省表畢，皆俯伏興，退，降第一重階下立。俟進讀禮物舍人升階，至宇下，跪讀禮物目畢，俯伏興，退。同降至橫階，隨表章西行，至右樓下，侍儀仍領之，禮物東行至左樓下，太府受之。宣贊唱曰「拜」，通贊贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」，曰「搢笏」，曰「鞠躬」，曰「三舞蹈」，曰「跪左膝，三叩頭」，曰「山呼」，曰「山呼」，曰「再山呼」，曰「出笏」，曰「就拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平立」。僧、道、耆老、外國藩客，以次而賀。

The relay announcer called "Rejoin ranks." Ministry of Rites officials escorted the two trays of memorials and gifts to below the horizontal steps; the usher for announcing gifts advanced to read the gift inventory as far as the second tier of steps. When the officials who would advance to read the memorials were ready, (One subordinate official of the Hanlin Academy and National History Institute.) They all knelt in a row below the hall. The usher for announcing memorial titles first read the titles of memorials from all offices inside and outside the capital; the Hanlin Academy official finished reading the Secretariat memorial; all prostrated themselves and rose, withdrew, descended below the first tier of steps, and stood. When the usher advancing to read the gifts had ascended the steps, reached below the hall, knelt and finished reading the gift inventory, prostrated himself and rose, and withdrew. They descended together to the horizontal steps; the memorials went west to below the right tower, still led by the director; the gifts went east to below the left tower, where the Grand Storehouse received them. The announcer called "Bow"; the relay announcer intoned "Bow," "Bow," "Rise," "Stand erect," "Insert the tablet," "Bow," "Perform the three dances," "Kneel on the left knee, three kowtows," "Mountain shout," "Mountain shout," "Again mountain shout," "Withdraw the tablet," "Perform the bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Stand level." Monks, Taoist priests, elders, and foreign tributary guests offered congratulations in turn.

禮畢，大會諸王宗親、駙馬、大臣，宴饗殿上，侍儀使引丞相等升殿侍宴。凡大宴，馬不過一，羊雖多，必以獸人所獻之鮮及脯鱐，折其數之半。預宴之服，衣服同制，謂之質孫。〈（宴饗樂節，見宴樂篇。）〉四品以上，賜酒殿上。典引引五品以下，賜酒於日精、月華二門之下。宴畢，鳴鞭三。侍儀使導駕，引進使導後，還寢殿，如來儀。

When the ceremony was finished, princes, imperial clansmen, imperial sons-in-law, and ministers were gathered for a great feast in the hall; the director led the chancellor and others up the hall to attend the banquet. At every great feast, no more than one horse was served; however many sheep there might be, the fresh meat and dried provisions presented by the hunt officials had to be reduced by half. The dress worn at the feast was uniform in style and was called zhisun. (For the musical sections of the banquet, see the chapter on banquet music.) Those of the fourth rank and above were given wine in the hall. The usher led those of the fifth rank and below to receive wine below the Sun Essence and Moon Splendor gates. When the banquet was finished, the whip was cracked three times. The director guided the imperial carriage, the commissioner of introduction followed behind, and they returned to the sleeping hall by the same procedure as on the outward journey.

天壽聖節受朝儀〈（如元正儀）〉

Ceremony for Receiving Court on the Sovereign's Birthday (The same as the New Year's Day ceremony.)

郊廟禮成受賀儀〈（如元正儀）〉 ○皇帝即位受朝儀

Ceremony for Receiving Congratulations after Completion of the Suburban and Temple Rites (The same as the New Year's Day ceremony.) ○ Ceremony for Receiving Court upon the Emperor's Accession

前期三日，習儀於萬安寺；前二日，陳設於殿庭；前一日，設宣詔位於闕前。至期大昕，侍儀使引導從護尉，各服其服，至皇太子寢閣前，捧牙牌跪報外辦。內侍傳旨曰「可」，侍儀使俯伏興。皇太子出閣，侍儀使前導，由崇天門入，升大明殿。引進使引導從至皇太子妃閣前，跪報外辦。內侍出傳旨曰「可」，引進使俯伏興，前導由鳳儀門入。俟諸王以國禮扶皇帝登寶位畢，鳴鞭三。尚引引點檢以下，皆公服，入就起居位。〈（起居贊拜，如元正朝儀。）〉兩班點檢、宣徽將軍、宿直、尚廄、管旗，各恭事。俟后妃、諸王、駙馬以次賀獻禮畢，參議中書省事四人，以篚奉詔書，由殿左門入，至禦榻前。參議中書省事跪奏詔文，俯伏興，以詔授典瑞使押寶畢，置於篚，對舉由正門出，樂作，至闕前，以詔置於案，文武百僚各公服就位北向立。侍儀使稱有制，宣贊唱曰「拜」，通贊贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」，曰「班首稍前」，典引引班首至香案前。通贊贊曰「跪」，曰「在位官皆跪」，司香贊曰「搢笏」，通贊贊曰「上香」，曰「上香」，曰「三上香」，曰「出笏」，曰「就拜」，曰「興」，曰「復位」，宣贊唱曰「拜」，通贊贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」。侍儀使以詔授左司郎中，郎中跪受，同譯史稍西，升木榻，東向宣讀。通贊贊曰「在位官皆跪」。讀詔，先以國語宣讀，隨以漢語譯之。讀畢，降榻，以詔授侍儀使，侍儀使置於案。通贊贊曰「就拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「搢笏」，曰「鞠躬」，曰「三舞蹈」，曰「跪左膝，三叩頭」，曰「山呼」，曰「山呼」，曰「再山呼」，曰「出笏」，曰「就拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平立」。典引引丞相以下皆公服入起居位。〈（起居拜舞，祝頌，進酒，獻表，賜宴，並同元正受朝儀。）〉宴畢，鳴鞭三。侍儀使導駕，引進使導後，入寢殿，如來儀。次日，以詔頒行。

Three days beforehand, the ceremony was rehearsed at Wan'an Temple; two days beforehand, the ritual furnishings were arranged in the hall courtyard; one day beforehand, the seat for proclaiming the edict was set before the gate tower. At dawn on the appointed day, the director led the escort guards, each in proper dress, to before the crown prince's sleeping pavilion, held the ivory tally, knelt, and reported that preparations outside were complete. An inner attendant transmitted the edict "Proceed"; the director prostrated himself and rose. The crown prince emerged from the pavilion; the director led ahead, entered through the Chongtian Gate, and ascended the Hall of Great Brilliance. The commissioner of introduction led the escort to before the crown princess's pavilion, knelt, and reported that preparations outside were complete. An inner attendant came out with the edict "Proceed"; the commissioner prostrated himself and rose and led ahead through the Fengyi Gate. When the princes had, by national custom, helped the emperor ascend the throne, the whip was cracked three times. The senior usher led the director of inspection and those below, all in court dress, to enter and take their felicitation positions. (Felicitation announcements and bows, as in the New Year's Day court ceremony.) Inspectors of both shifts, palace commissioners, officers on night duty, directors of the imperial stables, and flag officers each performed their duties with reverence. When the empress, consorts, princes, and imperial sons-in-law had in turn completed their felicitations and tribute presentations, four participants in Secretariat affairs carried the edict in bamboo trays, entered through the hall's left gate, and came before the imperial couch. A participant in Secretariat affairs knelt and presented the edict, prostrated himself and rose, handed the edict to the director of imperial seals to affix the seal, placed it in the tray, lifted it facing one another and went out through the main gate as music began; they reached before the gate tower, set the edict on the desk, and all civil and military officials, each in court dress, took their places facing north and stood. The director announced that there was a decree; the announcer called "Bow"; the relay announcer intoned "Bow," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Stand erect," "Rank leader, step slightly forward"; the usher led the rank leader to before the incense table. The relay announcer intoned "Kneel," "All officials in attendance kneel"; the incense officer intoned "Insert the tablet"; the relay announcer intoned "Present incense," "Present incense," "Present incense three times," "Withdraw the tablet," "Perform the bow," "Rise," "Return to position"; the announcer called "Bow"; the relay announcer intoned "Bow," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Stand erect." The director handed the edict to the director of the Left Secretariat Bureau; the director knelt to receive it, and together with the translator moved slightly west, ascended the wooden platform, and read it aloud facing east. The relay announcer called "All officials in attendance kneel." When reading the edict, they first proclaimed it in the national language and then translated it into Chinese. When the reading was finished, they descended from the platform, handed the edict to the director, and the director placed it on the desk. The relay announcer intoned "Perform the bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Insert the tablet," "Bow," "Perform the three dances," "Kneel on the left knee, three kowtows," "Mountain shout," "Mountain shout," "Again mountain shout," "Withdraw the tablet," "Perform the bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Stand level." The usher led the chancellor and those below, all in court dress, to enter and take their felicitation positions. (Felicitation, bows and dances, blessings, wine presentation, presentation of memorials, and the bestowal of a feast were all the same as in the New Year's Day court ceremony.) When the banquet was finished, the whip was cracked three times. The director guided the imperial carriage, the commissioner of introduction followed behind, and they entered the sleeping hall by the same procedure as on the outward journey. The following day, the edict was promulgated.

群臣上皇帝尊號禮成受朝賀儀

Ceremony for Receiving Court Congratulations after the Ministers' Presentation of an Imperial Honorific Title

前期二日，儀鸞司設大次於大明門外，又設進冊案於殿內御座前之西，進寶案於其東，設受冊案於御座上之西，受寶案於其東。侍儀司設冊案於香案南，寶案又於其南。禮儀使位於前，冊使、冊副位於廷中，北面。引冊、奉冊、舉冊、讀冊、捧冊官，位於右，引寶、奉寶、舉寶、讀寶、捧寶官位於左，以北為上。百官自金玉府迎冊寶，奉安中書省，如常儀。

Two days beforehand, the Office of Ceremonial Parasols set up the great tent outside the Gate of Great Brilliance, and also set the tray for presenting the register west of the imperial seat inside the hall, the tray for presenting the seal to its east, the tray for receiving the register west of the imperial seat on the dais, and the tray for receiving the seal to its east. The Office of Ceremonial Attendants set the register tray south of the incense table and the seal tray still farther south. The master of ceremonies stood in front; the register envoy and deputy register envoy stood in the courtyard facing north. The officials who led, presented, lifted, read, and bore the register stood on the right; those who led, presented, lifted, read, and bore the seal stood on the left, with north as the place of honor. The officials received the register and seal from the Gold and Jade Storehouse and reverently installed them in the Secretariat, according to the usual ceremony.

前期一日，右丞相率公卿朝服，儀衛音樂，導冊寶二案出自中書，至闕前，控鶴奠案，方輿中道。冊使等奉隨入大次內，方輿奠案。侍儀使引冊使以下，由左門以出，百官趨退。

One day beforehand, the right chancellor led the high ministers in court dress, with ceremonial guards and music, and guided the two trays of register and seal out from the Secretariat to before the gate tower; the crane handlers set down the trays, and the square palanquin proceeded along the central way. The register envoy and others attended and followed into the great tent, where the square palanquin set down the trays. The director led the register envoy and those below out through the left gate, and the officials hurriedly withdrew.

至其大昕，右丞相以下百官，各公服集闕廷，儀仗護尉就位。侍儀使、禮儀使引導從導皇帝升大明殿，引進使引導從導皇后升殿。尚引引殿前班入起居位，起居山呼拜舞畢，宣贊唱曰「各恭事」。皇太子、諸王、后妃、公主以次升殿，鳴鞭三。侍儀使、引冊、引寶導冊寶由正門入，樂作。奉冊使、右丞相率冊官由右門入，奉寶使、御史大夫率寶官由左門入，至殿下，置冊案於香案南，寶案又奠於其南，樂止。侍儀使引冊使以下就起居位，典引引群臣入就位。通班舍人唱曰「文武百僚具官臣某以下起居」，典引贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「平身」，引至丹墀拜位。宣贊唱曰「拜」，通贊贊拜、舞蹈、山呼，如常儀。

At dawn on the appointed day, the right chancellor and all officials below him, each in court dress, assembled in the gate-tower courtyard, and the ceremonial guards and escorts took their positions. The director and master of ceremonies led the escort and guided the emperor up to the Hall of Great Brilliance; the commissioner of introduction led the escort and guided the empress up the hall. The senior usher led the front court ranks to their felicitation positions; when felicitation, mountain shouts, and bows and dances were finished, the announcer called "Each perform his duty with reverence." The crown prince, princes, consorts, and princesses ascended the hall in turn; the whip was cracked three times. The director, the register guide, and the seal guide led the register and seal in through the main gate as music began. The register presenter and right chancellor led the register officials in through the right gate; the seal presenter and censor-in-chief led the seal officials in through the left gate; reaching below the hall, they placed the register tray south of the incense table and set the seal tray still farther south; and the music stopped. The director led the register envoy and those below to their felicitation positions; the usher led the ministers to enter and take their places. The relay clerk called: "Civil and military officials of all ranks, Subject So-and-so and below, perform felicitation"; the usher called "Bow," then "Stand erect," and led them to the cinnabar terrace bowing position. The announcer called "Bow"; the relay announcer intoned bows, dances, and mountain shouts according to the usual ceremony.

畢，承奉班都知唱曰「奉冊使以下進上冊寶」，侍儀司引冊使以下進就位，樂作。掌儀贊曰「奉冊寶官稍前，搢笏，捧冊寶」，侍儀使前導，由中道升正階，立於下。俟奉冊使諸冊官由右階隮，奉寶使諸寶官由左階隮畢，俱由左門入，奉冊寶至禦榻褥位前，冊西寶東，樂止。掌儀贊曰「捧冊寶官稍前，以冊寶跪置於案」，曰「出笏」，曰「就拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」，曰「復位」，曰「奉冊使以下皆跪」，曰「舉冊官興，俱至案前跪」，曰「搢笏，取冊於匣，置於盤，對舉」，曰「讀冊官興，俱至案前跪」，曰「讀冊」。讀冊官稱臣某謹讀冊。讀畢，舉冊官納冊於匣，興，以授典瑞使，出笏，立於冊案西南，典瑞使置於受冊案。掌儀贊曰「舉寶官興，俱至案前跪」，曰「搢笏，取寶於盝，對舉」，曰「讀寶官興，俱至案前跪」，曰「讀寶」。讀寶官稱臣某謹讀寶。讀畢，舉寶官納寶於盝，興，以授典瑞使，出笏，立於寶案東南，典瑞使置於受寶案。掌儀贊曰「奉冊使以下皆就拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」。參議中書省事四人，以篚奉詔書，由殿左門入，至禦榻前，跪讀詔文，如常儀，授典瑞使押寶畢，置於篚，對舉，由正門出，至丹墀北，置於詔案。冊使以下由南東門出，就位聽詔，如儀。儀鸞使四人，舁進冊寶案，由左門出。

When this was finished, the director of the attendance corps called "The register presenter and those below advance to present the register and seal"; the Office of Ceremonial Attendants led the register envoy and those below forward to take position as music began. The master of ceremonies called "Officials presenting the register and seal, step slightly forward, insert the tablet, and bear the register and seal"; the director led ahead; they ascended the main steps by the central way and stood below. When the register presenter and register officials had finished ascending the right steps and the seal presenter and seal officials the left steps, all entered through the left gate, bore the register and seal to before the cushion of the imperial couch with the register to the west and the seal to the east; and the music stopped. The master of ceremonies called "Officials bearing the register and seal, step slightly forward and kneel to place the register and seal on the desk," then "Withdraw the tablet," "Perform the bow," "Rise," "Stand erect," "Return to position," "The register presenter and those below all kneel," "The officials who lift the register rise and all come before the desk and kneel," "Insert the tablet, take the register from the case, place it on the tray, and lift it facing one another," "The officials who read the register rise and all come before the desk and kneel," "Read the register." The official reading the register said, "Subject So-and-so respectfully reads the register." When the reading was finished, the official who lifted the register returned it to the case, rose, and handed it to the director of imperial seals; he withdrew his tablet and stood southwest of the register tray; the director of imperial seals placed it on the tray for receiving the register. The master of ceremonies called "The officials who lift the seal rise and all come before the desk and kneel," "Insert the tablet, take the seal from the box, and lift it facing one another," "The officials who read the seal rise and all come before the desk and kneel," "Read the seal." The official reading the seal said, "Subject So-and-so respectfully reads the seal." When the reading was finished, the official who lifted the seal returned it to the box, rose, and handed it to the director of imperial seals; he withdrew his tablet and stood southeast of the seal tray; the director of imperial seals placed it on the tray for receiving the seal. The master of ceremonies called "The register presenter and those below all perform the bow," "Rise," "Stand erect." Four participants in Secretariat affairs carried the edict in bamboo trays, entered through the hall's left gate, came before the imperial couch, knelt and read the edict according to the usual ceremony, handed it to the director of imperial seals to affix the seal, placed it in the tray, lifted it facing one another, went out through the main gate, reached the north side of the cinnabar terrace, and placed it on the edict desk. The register envoy and those below went out through the southeast gate, took their positions, and listened to the edict according to the ceremony. Four commissioners of ceremonial parasols carried the trays for presenting the register and seal out through the left gate.

侍儀使引班首由左階隮，前行色樂作，至宇下，樂止，舞旋至露階立。班首入殿，宣徽使奉隨，班首跪，宣徽使西北向立。班首致詞曰：「冊寶禮畢，願上皇帝、皇后萬萬歲壽。」宣徽使應曰：「如所祝。」樂作。通贊唱曰「分班」。進酒畢，班首由東南門出，降階，復位，樂止。通贊唱曰「合班」。奏進表章禮物，贊拜、舞蹈、山呼、錫宴，並如元正之儀。

The director led the rank leader up the left steps as the lead section's music began; reaching below the hall, the music stopped and the dance formations moved to the open steps and stood. The rank leader entered the hall; the palace commissioner attended and followed; the rank leader knelt; the palace commissioner stood facing northwest. The rank leader offered the address: "The register-and-seal ceremony is complete; we wish the emperor and empress long life for ten thousand myriad years." The palace commissioner replied: "As you have prayed." Music began. The relay announcer called "Divide ranks." When the wine presentation was finished, the rank leader went out through the southeast gate, descended the steps, returned to position, and the music stopped. The relay announcer called "Rejoin ranks." Presentation of memorials and gifts, intoned bows, dances, mountain shouts, and the bestowal of a feast were all as in the New Year's Day ceremony.

○冊立皇后儀

○ Ceremony for Investing the Empress

前期二日，儀鸞司設發冊寶案於大明殿御座前稍西，設發寶案稍東。掌謁設香案於皇后殿前，設冊案於殿內座榻前稍西，寶案稍東，設受冊案於座塌上稍西，設受寶案於稍東。侍儀司設板位，冊使副位於廷中，北面，冊官位於右，寶官位於左，禮儀使位於冊案前，主節位於太尉左。皇后殿廷亦如之。

Two days beforehand, the Office of Ceremonial Parasols set the tray for issuing the register slightly west before the imperial seat in the Hall of Great Brilliance and the tray for issuing the seal slightly east. The director of audiences set the incense table before the empress's hall, set the register tray slightly west before the seat-couch inside the hall and the seal tray slightly east, set the tray for receiving the register slightly west on the seat-couch, and set the tray for receiving the seal slightly east. The Office of Ceremonial Attendants set the marker positions; the register envoy and deputy stood in the center of the courtyard facing north; the register officials stood on the right and the seal officials on the left; the protocol commissioner stood before the register tray, and the master of credentials to the Grand Commandant's left. The empress's hall courtyard was arranged likewise.

至期大昕，引贊敘太尉以下於闕廷，各公服。侍儀使、禮儀使、引冊使，引冊、奉冊、舉冊、讀冊、捧冊官，由月華門入；侍儀使、禮儀使、引冊副，引寶、奉寶、舉寶、讀寶、捧寶官，由日精門入。至露階下，依板位立。侍儀使捧牙牌入至寢殿前，跪報外辦。內侍入奏，出傳制曰「可」，侍儀使俯伏興。皇帝出閣升輦，鳴鞭三。侍儀使引導從導皇帝入大明殿，升御座，鳴鞭三。

At the appointed dawn, the usher announcer marshaled the Grand Commandant and those below in the gate-court courtyard, each in official dress. The director, protocol commissioner, and register guide, together with the officials who led, presented, lifted, read, and bore the register, entered through the Moon Splendor Gate; the director, protocol commissioner, and deputy register guide, together with the officials who led, presented, lifted, read, and bore the seal, entered through the Sun Essence Gate. Reaching below the open steps, they took their places according to the marker positions. The director carried the ivory tally in, advanced to before the sleeping hall, knelt, and reported that the outer ceremony was ready. A palace attendant entered to report; the reply was transmitted: "It may proceed"; the director prostrated and rose. The emperor came out of the side chamber and mounted the palanquin; the whip was cracked three times. The director led the attendants who guided the emperor into the Hall of Great Brilliance, where he ascended the imperial seat; the whip was cracked three times.

司晨報時雞唱畢，尚引引殿前班入起居位，〈（起居、贊拜、舞蹈、山呼，如儀。）〉宣贊唱曰「各恭事」。引贊引冊使以下入就位，掌儀舍人引承奉班都知、侍儀使、禮儀使、主節、捧冊、捧寶官，升自左階，由南東門入，至御座前，分左右相向立。掌儀贊曰「禮儀使稍前跪」，曰「太尉以下皆跪」。禮儀使跪奏請進發皇后冊寶。掌儀贊曰「就拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」，曰「太尉以下皆興」，曰「復位」。掌儀贊曰「內謁者稍前」，曰「搢笏」，曰「捧冊寶跪進皇帝」，曰「以冊寶授捧冊寶官」，捧冊寶官跪受，興。掌儀贊曰「主節官搢笏持節」，禮儀使引節導冊寶由正門出，至露階，南向立。禮儀使稱有制，承奉班都知唱曰「太尉以下皆再拜」，通贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」。禮儀使宣制曰「命太尉某等持節授皇后冊寶」，通贊贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」。降至露階下，依次就位。掌儀唱曰「以冊寶置於案」，曰「出笏」，曰「復位」。方輿舁以行，樂作。侍儀使、禮儀使引太尉及冊寶官，奉隨至皇后宮庭奠案，樂止。掌儀唱曰「捧冊寶官稍前，搢笏」。捧冊寶使、太尉以下奉隨由正階隮，至案前。掌儀贊曰「以冊寶置於案」，曰「出笏」，曰「復位」。侍儀使稍前跪報外辦，內侍入啟，出傳旨曰「可」，侍儀使俯伏興。

When the dawn herald had reported the hour and the cock-crow was finished, the senior usher led the front court assembly into the felicitation position, (Felicitation, intoned bows, dances, and mountain shouts, according to the ceremony.) The proclamation announcer called "Each attend to his duty." The usher announcer led the register envoy and those below to their places; ceremonial ushers of the master of ceremonies led the director of the Presentation Corps, director, protocol commissioner, master of credentials, and the officials who bore the register and seal up the left steps, in through the southeast gate, to before the imperial seat, where they stood facing one another to left and right. The master of ceremonies called "The protocol commissioner advance slightly and kneel," and "The Grand Commandant and all below kneel." The protocol commissioner knelt and memorialized, requesting permission to proceed with presenting the empress's register and seal. The master of ceremonies called "Perform the bow," "Rise," "Stand erect," "The Grand Commandant and all below rise," and "Return to position." The master of ceremonies called "The inner ushers advance slightly," "Insert the tablets," "Bear the register and seal forward kneeling to the emperor," and "Hand the register and seal to the officials who bear them"; the officials who bore the register and seal knelt to receive them and rose. The master of ceremonies called "The master of credentials insert his tablet and hold the staff of office"; the protocol commissioner led the staff of office and guided the register and seal out through the main gate to the open steps, where they stood facing south. The protocol commissioner announced that there was an imperial order; the director of the Presentation Corps called "The Grand Commandant and all below perform the double bow"; the relay announcer called "Bow the body," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," and "Stand erect." The protocol commissioner proclaimed the order: "We command Grand Commandant So-and-so and others to hold the staff of office and invest the empress with the register and seal"; the relay announcer called "Bow the body," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," and "Stand erect." They descended to below the open steps and took their places in order. The master of ceremonies called "Place the register and seal on the tray," "Withdraw the tablets," and "Return to position." The square palanquin bearers lifted them and moved forward as music began. The director and protocol commissioner led the Grand Commandant and the register-and-seal officials, who reverently followed to the offering tray in the empress's palace courtyard, and the music stopped. The master of ceremonies called "The officials who bear the register and seal advance slightly; insert the tablets." The officials who bore the register and seal, the Grand Commandant, and those below reverently followed up the main steps to before the tray. The master of ceremonies called "Place the register and seal on the tray," "Withdraw the tablets," and "Return to position." The director advanced slightly, knelt, and reported that the outer ceremony was ready; a palace attendant entered to announce; the transmitted edict said "It may proceed"; the director prostrated and rose.

皇后出閣，詣褥位。太尉稱制遣臣某等恭授皇后冊寶。內侍贊禮曰「跪」，掌儀贊曰「太尉以下皆跪」。內侍贊皇后曰「上香」，曰「上香」，曰「三上香」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」。掌儀贊曰「太尉以下皆興」。皇后升殿，立於座榻前。承奉班都知唱曰「太尉以下進冊寶」，掌儀唱曰「捧冊寶官稍前，搢笏」。捧冊寶由正門至殿內。掌儀贊曰「以冊寶跪置於案」，曰「捧冊寶官出笏，興，復位」，曰「太尉以下皆跪」，曰「舉冊官興，至案前跪」，曰「搢笏，取冊於匣，置於盤，對舉」，曰「讀冊官興，至案前跪」，曰「讀冊」。讀冊官稱臣某謹讀冊，讀畢，納冊於匣。掌儀贊曰「出笏，舉寶官興，至案前跪，搢笏，取寶於盝，對舉」，曰「讀寶官興，至案前跪」，曰「讀寶」。讀寶官稱臣某謹讀寶，讀畢，納寶於盝。掌儀贊曰「出笏」，曰「太尉以下皆就拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」。捧冊寶官以冊寶授太尉，太尉以授掌謁，掌謁以冊寶置於受冊寶案。掌儀唱曰「太尉以下跪」，曰「眾官皆跪」。太尉致祝辭曰：「冊寶禮畢，伏願皇后與天同算。」司徒應曰：「如所祝。」就拜，興，平身。太尉進酒，樂作；皇后飲畢，樂止。禮儀使引節引主節由正門以出。侍儀使引太尉以下，由左門至階下，北面立。承奉班都知唱曰「太尉以下皆再拜」，通贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平立」。侍儀使引太尉以下還詣皇帝御座前，跪奏曰：「奉制授皇后冊寶，謹以禮畢。」就拜，興，由左門出，降詣旁折位。

The empress came out of the side chamber and proceeded to the cushion position. The Grand Commandant announced the order: "Your subject So-and-so and others reverently present the empress with the register and seal." The palace attendant who intoned the ceremony called "Kneel"; the master of ceremonies called "The Grand Commandant and all below kneel." The palace attendant intoned for the empress "Present incense," "Present incense," "Present incense three times," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," and "Rise." The master of ceremonies called "The Grand Commandant and all below rise." The empress ascended the hall and stood before the seat-couch. The director of the Presentation Corps called "The Grand Commandant and those below advance with the register and seal"; the master of ceremonies called "The officials who bear the register and seal advance slightly; insert the tablets." Those who bore the register and seal entered through the main gate into the interior of the hall. The master of ceremonies called "Place the register and seal kneeling on the tray," "The officials who bear the register and seal withdraw their tablets, rise, and return to position," "The Grand Commandant and all below kneel," "The register-lifting official rises and comes kneeling before the tray," "Insert the tablets, take the register from the case, place it on the tray, and lift it facing one another," "The register-reading official rises and comes kneeling before the tray," and "Read the register." The register-reading official said "Your subject So-and-so respectfully reads the register"; when the reading was finished, he returned the register to the case. The master of ceremonies called "Withdraw the tablets; the seal-lifting official rises and comes kneeling before the tray, inserts the tablets, takes the seal from the casket, and lifts it facing one another," and "The seal-reading official rises and comes kneeling before the tray," and "Read the seal." The seal-reading official said "Your subject So-and-so respectfully reads the seal"; when the reading was finished, he returned the seal to the casket. The master of ceremonies called "Withdraw the tablets," "The Grand Commandant and all below perform the bow," "Rise," and "Stand erect." The officials who bore the register and seal handed them to the Grand Commandant; the Grand Commandant handed them to the director of audiences; the director of audiences placed the register and seal on the tray for receiving them. The master of ceremonies called "The Grand Commandant and all below kneel," and "All officials kneel." The Grand Commandant offered the blessing: "The register-and-seal ceremony is complete; we humbly wish the empress a span of years equal to Heaven." The Minister of Education replied: "As you have prayed." They performed the bow, rose, and stood erect. The Grand Commandant advanced the wine; music began; When the empress had finished drinking, the music stopped. The protocol commissioner led the staff of office and guided the master of credentials out through the main gate. The director led the Grand Commandant and those below out through the left gate to below the steps, where they stood facing north. The director of the Presentation Corps called "The Grand Commandant and all below perform the double bow"; the relay announcer called "Bow the body," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," and "Stand erect." The director led the Grand Commandant and those below back to before the emperor's imperial seat, knelt, and memorialized: "In obedience to the command we have invested the empress with the register and seal; we respectfully report that the ceremony is complete." They performed the bow, rose, went out through the left gate, descended, and proceeded to the side folding position.

侍儀使引導從導皇后詣大明殿前謝恩，掌謁贊曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」。侍儀使分退，掌謁導皇后升御座。典引引丞相以下入起居位，〈（起居贊拜如儀。）〉侍儀使詣右丞相前請進酒，雙引升殿，至宇下褥位立。侍儀使分左右北向立，俟前行色曲將半，舞旋列定，通贊唱曰「分班」樂作。侍儀使引右丞相由南東門入，宣徽使奉隨至禦榻前，右丞相跪，宣徽使立於東南，曲終。右丞相祝贊曰：「冊寶禮畢，臣等不勝慶抃，同上皇帝、皇后萬萬歲壽。」宣徽使應曰：「如所祝。」右丞相俯伏興，退詣進酒位。〈（進酒、進表章禮物、贊拜、僧道賀獻、大宴殿上，並如元正儀。）〉宴畢，鳴鞭三。侍儀使導駕，引進使導後，還寢殿，如來儀。

The director led the attendants who guided the empress to the Hall of Great Brilliance to offer thanks; the director of audiences intoned "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," and "Rise." The director withdrew in separate groups; the director of audiences guided the empress to ascend the imperial seat. The usher led the chancellor and those below into the felicitation position, (Felicitation and intoned bows, according to the ceremony.) The director went before the right chancellor to request permission to advance the wine; the two of them were led up the hall to stand at the cushion position below the hall. The director stood to left and right facing north, waiting until the lead section's tune was nearly half finished and the dance formations were set; the relay announcer called "Divide ranks," and music began. The director led the right chancellor in through the southeast gate; the palace commissioner attended and followed to before the imperial couch; the right chancellor knelt; the palace commissioner stood to the southeast; when the tune ended, The right chancellor offered the congratulatory address: "The register-and-seal ceremony is complete; your subjects cannot contain their joy, and together wish the emperor and empress long life for ten thousand myriad years." The palace commissioner replied: "As you have prayed." The right chancellor prostrated and rose, withdrew, and proceeded to the wine-presentation position. (Wine presentation, presentation of memorials and gifts, intoned bows, congratulations from monks and Daoists, and the great feast in the hall were all as in the New Year's Day ceremony.) When the feast was finished, the whip was cracked three times. The director guided the imperial carriage; the usher of introduction guided those who followed behind; they returned to the sleeping hall, as on the way there.

○冊立皇太子儀

○ Ceremony for Investing the Crown Prince

前期三日，右丞相率百僚至金玉局冊寶案前，舍人贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」。曰「班首稍前」，曰「跪」，曰「在位官皆跪」，曰「搢笏」，曰「上香」，曰「上香」，曰「三上香」，曰「出笏」，曰「就拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」。侍儀使、舍人分引群臣，儀衛音樂導至中書省，正位安置。

Three days beforehand, the right chancellor led the hundred officials to before the register-and-seal trays at the Gold and Jade Bureau; the usher called "Bow the body," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," and "Stand erect." He called "The rank leader advance slightly," "Kneel," "All officials in attendance kneel," "Insert the tablets," "Present incense," "Present incense," "Present incense three times," "Withdraw the tablets," "Perform the bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," and "Stand erect." The director and ushers led the ministers in separate groups; ceremonial guards and music escorted them to the Secretariat, where the trays were reverently installed in the principal position.

前期二日，儀鸞司設發冊案於大明殿御座西，發寶案於東。典寶官設香案於太子殿前階上，設冊案於西，寶案於東；又設受冊案於殿內座榻之西，受寶案於東。侍儀司設板位，太尉、冊使副位於大明殿廷，太尉位居中，冊官位於右，寶官位於左，禮儀使位於前，主節官位於太尉之左。太子殿廷亦如之，樂位布置亦如之。右丞相率百僚朝服，至中書省冊寶案前，敘立定。舍人贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」。曰「班首稍前」，曰「跪」，曰「搢笏」，曰「在位官皆跪」，曰「上香」，曰「上香」，曰「三上香」，曰「出笏」，曰「就拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平立」。舍人分引群臣，儀衛導從，音樂傘扇，導至闕前。控鶴奠案，方輿官舁之，由中道入崇天門，冊使以下奉隨至露階下。方輿官置冊案於西，寶案於東，分退立於兩廡。冊使副北面，引冊官舉冊官、讀冊官、捧冊官位於冊案西，東向；引寶官、舉寶官、讀寶官、捧寶官位於寶案東，西向。掌儀舍人贊曰「捧冊官稍前」，曰「搢笏」，曰「捧冊」。又贊曰「捧寶官稍前」，曰「搢笏」，曰「捧寶」。侍儀使、引進使、引冊官、引寶官前導，捧冊寶官次之，冊使副以下奉隨升大明殿午階，由正門入，至進發冊寶案前，冊使副北面立，引冊官、引寶官、舉冊官、舉寶官以下，分左右夾冊寶案立。掌儀贊曰「以冊寶置於案」，曰「出笏」，曰「復位」。侍儀使引奉冊使以下由左門出，百辟趨退。

Two days beforehand, the Office of Ceremonial Parasols set the tray for issuing the register west of the imperial seat in the Hall of Great Brilliance and the tray for issuing the seal to the east. The director of imperial seals set the incense table on the steps before the crown prince's hall, the register tray to the west and the seal tray to the east; He also set the tray for receiving the register west of the seat-couch inside the hall and the tray for receiving the seal to the east. The Office of Ceremonial Attendants set the marker positions; the Grand Commandant and register envoy and deputy stood in the courtyard of the Hall of Great Brilliance, the Grand Commandant in the center, register officials on the right and seal officials on the left, the protocol commissioner in front, and the master of credentials to the Grand Commandant's left. The crown prince's hall courtyard was arranged likewise, and the music positions were laid out likewise. The right chancellor led the hundred officials in court dress to before the register-and-seal trays at the Secretariat, where they marshaled themselves and stood in place. The usher called "Bow the body," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," and "Stand erect." He called "The rank leader advance slightly," "Kneel," "Insert the tablets," "All officials in attendance kneel," "Present incense," "Present incense," "Present incense three times," "Withdraw the tablets," "Perform the bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," and "Stand erect." The ushers led the ministers in separate groups; ceremonial guards escorted them, with music, parasols, and fans, to before the gate tower. The Crane Controllers set down the trays; the square-palanquin officials lifted them and went along the central way into the Gate of Revering Heaven; the register envoy and those below reverently followed to below the open steps. The square-palanquin officials placed the register tray to the west and the seal tray to the east, then withdrew and stood in the two side corridors. The register envoy and deputy faced north; the officials who led, lifted, read, and bore the register stood west of the register tray facing east; The officials who led, lifted, read, and bore the seal stood east of the seal tray facing west. The ceremonial ushers of the master of ceremonies called "The register-bearing official advance slightly," "Insert the tablets," and "Bear the register." They called again "The seal-bearing official advance slightly," "Insert the tablets," and "Bear the seal." The director, usher of introduction, register guide, and seal guide led the way; the officials who bore the register and seal came next; the register envoy and deputy and those below reverently followed up the noon steps of the Hall of Great Brilliance, in through the main gate, to before the trays for issuing the register and seal; the register envoy and deputy stood facing north; the register guide, seal guide, register-lifting officials, seal-lifting officials, and those below stood to left and right flanking the register-and-seal trays. The master of ceremonies called "Place the register and seal on the tray," "Withdraw the tablets," and "Return to position." The director led the register presenter and those below out through the left gate; the hundred officials hurried to withdraw.

至期大昕，引贊引冊使以下，皆公服，敘位於闕廷。侍儀使導從皇帝出閣，鳴鞭三，升大明殿，登御座。尚引引殿前班入起居位，起居贊拜如儀，宣贊唱曰「各恭事」。引贊引冊使以下入就位，掌儀舍人引承奉班都知、侍儀使、禮儀使、主節郎、捧冊、捧寶官，升自左階，由左門入，至御座前，分左右立。掌儀贊曰「禮儀使稍前」，曰「跪」，曰「眾官皆跪」。禮儀使奏請發皇太子冊寶，掌儀唱曰「就拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」，曰「眾官皆興」，曰「復位」。曰「內謁者稍前」，曰「搢笏」，曰「捧冊寶跪進皇帝」，曰「以冊寶授捧冊寶官」，捧冊寶官跪受，興。掌儀贊曰「主節郎搢笏持節」，禮儀使引節導冊寶由正門以出，至露階南向立。禮儀使稱有制，承奉班都知唱曰「太尉以下皆再拜」，掌儀贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」。禮儀使宣制曰「上命太尉等持節授皇太子冊寶」，掌儀贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」。禮儀使引節導冊寶，降至露階下，依次就位。掌儀贊曰「以冊寶置於案」，曰「出笏」，曰「復位」。方輿舁以行，樂作。侍儀使、禮儀使、主節前導，冊使以下奉隨由正門出。至闕前，方輿奠案，控鶴舁以行。至皇太子殿廷，控鶴奠案，方輿舁以行。入至露階下奠案，方輿退，樂止。冊使以下以次立，掌儀贊曰「捧冊寶官稍前，搢笏，捧冊寶」。侍儀使引節，主節導冊寶以行，冊使以下由正階隮，節立於香案之西。掌儀贊曰「捧冊寶官跪，以冊寶置於案」，曰「出笏」，曰「興」，曰「就位」。右庶子跪報外備，內侍入啟，出傳旨曰「可」，右庶子俯伏興。

At the appointed dawn, the usher announcer led the register envoy and those below, all in official dress, to marshal their positions in the gate-court courtyard. The director led the attendants who guided the emperor out of the side chamber; the whip was cracked three times; he ascended the Hall of Great Brilliance and took the imperial seat. The senior usher led the front court assembly into the felicitation position; felicitation and intoned bows were performed according to the ceremony; the proclamation announcer called "Each attend to his duty." The usher announcer led the register envoy and those below to their places; ceremonial ushers of the master of ceremonies led the director of the Presentation Corps, director, protocol commissioner, master of credentials, and the officials who bore the register and seal up the left steps, in through the left gate, to before the imperial seat, where they stood to left and right. The master of ceremonies called "The protocol commissioner advance slightly," "Kneel," and "All officials kneel." The protocol commissioner memorialized, requesting permission to issue the crown prince's register and seal; the master of ceremonies called "Perform the bow," "Rise," "Stand erect," "All officials rise," and "Return to position." He called "The inner ushers advance slightly," "Insert the tablets," "Bear the register and seal forward kneeling to the emperor," and "Hand the register and seal to the officials who bear them"; the officials who bore the register and seal knelt to receive them and rose. The master of ceremonies called "The master of credentials insert his tablet and hold the staff of office"; the protocol commissioner led the staff of office and guided the register and seal out through the main gate to the open steps, where they stood facing south. The protocol commissioner announced that there was an imperial order; the director of the Presentation Corps called "The Grand Commandant and all below perform the double bow"; the master of ceremonies called "Bow the body," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," and "Stand erect." The protocol commissioner proclaimed the order: "By imperial command, the Grand Commandant and others are to hold the staff of office and invest the crown prince with the register and seal"; the master of ceremonies called "Bow the body," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," and "Stand erect." The protocol commissioner led the staff of office and guided the register and seal down to below the open steps, where they took their places in order. The master of ceremonies called "Place the register and seal on the tray," "Withdraw the tablets," and "Return to position." The square palanquin bearers lifted them and moved forward as music began. The director, protocol commissioner, and master of credentials led the way; the register envoy and those below reverently followed out through the main gate. When they reached the gate tower, the square palanquin set down the trays, and the Crane Controllers lifted them and moved forward. When they reached the crown prince's hall courtyard, the Crane Controllers set down the trays, and the square palanquin bearers lifted them and moved forward. They entered to below the open steps and set down the trays; the square palanquin withdrew, and the music stopped. The register envoy and those below stood in order; the master of ceremonies called "The officials who bear the register and seal advance slightly; insert the tablets; bear the register and seal." The director led the staff of office; the master of credentials guided the register and seal forward; the register envoy and those below reverently ascended the main steps, and the staff of office stood west of the incense table. The master of ceremonies called "The officials who bear the register and seal kneel; place the register and seal on the tray," "Withdraw the tablets," "Rise," and "Take position." The Junior Mentor of the Right knelt and reported that the outer preparations were ready; a palace attendant entered to announce; the transmitted edict said "It may proceed"; the Junior Mentor of the Right prostrated and rose.

皇太子出閣，立於香案前。掌儀贊曰「皇太子跪」，曰「上香」，曰「上香」，曰「三上香」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」。太尉前稱制遣臣某等恭授皇太子冊寶，復位。掌儀贊曰「皇太子拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」。請皇太子詣褥位，南向立。曰「皇太子跪」，曰「諸執事官皆跪」。曰「舉冊官興，至案前」，曰「跪」，曰「讀冊」。讀畢，曰「納冊於匣」，曰「出笏」。掌儀唱曰「舉寶官興，至案前」，曰「跪」，曰「讀寶」。讀畢，曰「納寶於盝」，曰「出笏」，曰「舉冊寶官、讀冊寶官皆興，復位。」掌儀贊曰「太尉進授冊寶」，侍儀使引太尉、司徒至冊寶案前，搢笏，以冊寶跪進。皇太子恭受，以授左、右庶子，左、右庶子搢笏跪受。掌儀贊曰「皇太子興，冊使以下皆興」。右庶子捧冊，左庶子捧寶，導皇太子入殿。右庶子奠冊於受冊案，左庶子奠寶於受寶案。引節引主節立於殿西北，引贊引太尉以下降階復位，北向立。承奉班都知唱曰「太尉以下皆再拜」，掌儀贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」，樂作。侍儀使詣太尉前請進酒，太尉入至殿內，進酒畢，降復位，樂止。

The crown prince came out of the side chamber and stood before the incense table. The master of ceremonies called "The crown prince kneel," "Present incense," "Present incense," "Present incense three times," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," and "Rise." The Grand Commandant stepped forward and announced the order: "Your subjects So-and-so and others reverently present the crown prince with the register and seal," then returned to position. The master of ceremonies called "The crown prince bow," "Rise," "Bow," and "Rise." They requested the crown prince to proceed to the cushion position and stand facing south. He called "The crown prince kneel," and "All officiating officials kneel." He called "The register-lifting official rise and come before the tray," "Kneel," and "Read the register." When the reading was finished, he called "Return the register to the case" and "Withdraw the tablets." The master of ceremonies called "The seal-lifting official rise and come before the tray," "Kneel," and "Read the seal." When the reading was finished, he called "Return the seal to the casket," "Withdraw the tablets," and "The register-and-seal lifting officials and reading officials all rise and return to position." The master of ceremonies called "The Grand Commandant advance and present the register and seal"; the director led the Grand Commandant and Minister of Education before the register-and-seal tray; they inserted their tablets and advanced the register and seal kneeling. The crown prince reverently received them and handed them to the Junior Mentors of the Left and Right, who inserted their tablets and knelt to receive them. The master of ceremonies called "The crown prince rise; the register envoy and all below rise." The Junior Mentor of the Right bore the register and the Junior Mentor of the Left bore the seal as they guided the crown prince into the hall. The Junior Mentor of the Right set the register on the tray for receiving the register, and the Junior Mentor of the Left set the seal on the tray for receiving the seal. The staff guide led the master of credentials to stand northwest of the hall; the usher announcer led the Grand Commandant and those below down the steps back to position, where they stood facing north. The director of the Presentation Corps called "The Grand Commandant and all below perform the double bow"; the master of ceremonies called "Bow the body," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," and "Stand erect," and music began. The director went before the Grand Commandant to request permission to advance the wine; the Grand Commandant entered the hall interior, and when the wine presentation was finished, descended and returned to position as the music stopped.

侍儀使、禮儀使、主節導太尉以下還詣大明殿御座前，跪奏曰：「奉制授皇太子冊寶，謹以禮畢。」俯伏興，降詣位。侍儀使、左右庶子導皇太子詣大明殿御座前謝恩，右庶子贊曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」。進酒，又贊曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」。降殿，還府。

The director, protocol commissioner, and master of credentials led the Grand Commandant and those below back to before the imperial seat in the Hall of Great Brilliance, knelt, and memorialized: "In obedience to the command we have invested the crown prince with the register and seal; we respectfully report that the ceremony is complete." They prostrated and rose, descended, and proceeded to their positions. The director and the Junior Mentors of the Left and Right guided the crown prince to the imperial seat in the Hall of Great Brilliance to offer thanks; the Junior Mentor of the Right intoned "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," and "Rise." They presented wine, and he again intoned "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," and "Rise." They descended the hall and returned to the residence.

侍儀使詣右丞相前請進酒，雙引升殿，至宇下褥位立，侍儀使分左右，北向立。俟前行色曲將半，舞旋列定，通贊唱曰「分班」，樂作。侍儀使、右丞相由南東門入，宣徽使奉隨至禦榻前。右丞相跪，宣徽使立於東南，曲終。右丞相祝贊曰：「皇太子冊寶禮畢，臣等不勝慶抃，同上皇帝、皇后萬萬歲壽。」宣徽使應曰：「如所祝。」右丞相俯伏興，退詣進酒位。進酒、進表章禮物、贊拜，如元正儀。駕興，鳴鞭三。侍儀使導駕還寢殿，如來儀。

The director went before the right chancellor to request permission to advance the wine; the two of them were led up the hall to stand at the cushion position below the hall, and the director stood to left and right, facing north. When the lead section's tune was nearly half finished and the dance formations were set, the relay announcer called "Divide ranks," and music began. The director and right chancellor entered through the southeast gate, and the palace commissioner attended and followed to before the imperial couch. The right chancellor knelt, the palace commissioner stood to the southeast, and when the tune ended, The right chancellor offered the congratulatory address: "The crown prince's register-and-seal ceremony is complete; your subjects cannot contain their joy, and together wish the emperor and empress long life for ten thousand myriad years." The palace commissioner replied: "As you have prayed." The right chancellor prostrated and rose, withdrew, and proceeded to the wine-presentation position. Wine presentation, presentation of memorials and gifts, and intoned bows were as in the New Year's Day ceremony. The imperial carriage rose; the whip was cracked three times. The director guided the imperial carriage back to the sleeping hall, as on the way there.

皇太子還府，升殿。典引引群臣入就起居位，通班，自班西行至中道，唱曰「具官某以下起居」，典引贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「平身」。進就拜位，宣贊唱曰「拜」，通贊贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」。侍儀使詣班首前請進酒，雙引由左階至殿宇下褥位立，侍儀分左右，北向立。俟前行色曲將半，舞旋列定，通贊唱曰「分班」。班首入自左門，右庶子隨至座前。班首跪，右庶子立於東南。俟曲終，班首致祝詞曰：「冊寶禮畢，願上殿下千秋之壽。」右庶子應曰：「如所祝。」班首俯伏興，退至進酒位，搢笏，捧觴，北向立，右庶子退復位。俟舞旋至露階，樂舞至第四拍，班首進酒。宣贊唱曰「文武百僚皆再拜」，通贊贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」。班首自東門出，復位，樂止。通贊唱曰「合班」。中書押進箋及禮物案至橫階下，進讀箋官由左階隮，進讀禮物官至階下。俟進讀箋官至宇下，先讀箋目，次讀箋，讀畢，俯伏興，降至階下。進讀禮物官升階，至宇下，跪讀禮物狀畢，俯伏興，退，同讀箋官至橫階，隨箋案西行，至右廡下，禮物案東行，至左廡下，各付所司。宣贊唱曰「拜」，通贊贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平立」。右庶子導皇太子還閣。

The crown prince returned to his residence and ascended the hall. The usher led the ministers into the felicitation position; the relay ranks, proceeding from the west of the ranks along the central way, called "Officials of all ranks, Subject So-and-so and below, perform felicitation"; the usher called "Bow the body," and "Stand erect." They advanced to the bowing position; the proclamation announcer called "Bow"; the relay announcer called "Bow the body," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," and "Stand erect." The director went before the rank leader to request permission to advance the wine; the two of them were led up the left steps to stand at the cushion position below the hall, and the director stood to left and right, facing north. When the lead section's tune was nearly half finished and the dance formations were set, the relay announcer called "Divide ranks." The rank leader entered through the left gate, and the Junior Mentor of the Right followed to before the seat. The rank leader knelt; the Junior Mentor of the Right stood to the southeast. When the tune ended, the rank leader offered the blessing: "The register-and-seal ceremony is complete; we wish Your Highness a span of a thousand autumns." The Junior Mentor of the Right replied: "As you have prayed." The rank leader prostrated and rose, withdrew to the wine-presentation position, inserted his tablet, held the goblet, and stood facing north, while the Junior Mentor of the Right withdrew and returned to position. When the dance formation reached the open steps and the music-and-dance reached the fourth beat, the rank leader advanced the wine. The proclamation announcer called "All civil and military officials perform the double bow"; the relay announcer called "Bow the body," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," and "Stand erect." The rank leader went out through the east gate, returned to position, and the music stopped. The relay announcer called "Merge ranks." The Secretariat supervising clerk escorted the presentation-scroll and gift trays to below the transverse steps; the official who read the scroll ascended the left steps, and the official who read the gifts came to below the steps. When the scroll-reading official reached below the hall, he first read the scroll's table of contents, then read the scroll; when the reading was finished, he prostrated and rose and descended to below the steps. The gift-reading official ascended the steps to below the hall, knelt and read the gift inventory to completion, prostrated and rose, withdrew, and together with the scroll-reading official came to the transverse steps; they followed the scroll tray westward to below the west corridor and the gift tray eastward to below the east corridor, handing each over to the responsible office. The proclamation announcer called "Bow"; the relay announcer called "Bow the body," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," and "Stand erect." The Junior Mentor of the Right guided the crown prince back to the side chamber.

太皇太后上尊號進冊寶儀

Ceremony for Presenting the Register and Seal when Bestowing an Honorific upon the Grand Empress Dowager

前期二日，儀鸞司設進發冊寶案於大明殿御座之前，掌謁設進冊寶案於太皇太后殿座榻前，設受冊寶案於座榻上，並冊西寶東。侍儀司設冊使副位於廷中，北面，冊官位右，寶官位左，禮儀使位於前，以北為上。太皇太后殿廷亦如之。

Two days beforehand, the Office of Ceremonial Parasols set the trays for issuing the register and seal before the imperial seat in the Hall of Great Brilliance; the director of audiences set the trays for issuing the register and seal before the Grand Empress Dowager's seat-couch in her hall, and trays for receiving the register and seal on the seat-couch, with register west and seal east throughout. The Office of Ceremonial Attendants set the positions of the register envoy and deputy in the courtyard facing north, register officials on the right and seal officials on the left, the protocol commissioner in front with north as the superior direction. The Grand Empress Dowager's hall courtyard was arranged likewise.

至期大昕，群臣皆公服，敘位闕前。侍儀使、禮儀使、引冊使，引冊、奉冊、舉冊、讀冊、捧冊官，由月華門入，侍儀使、禮儀使、引冊副，引寶、奉寶、舉寶、讀寶、捧寶官，由日精門入。至露階下，依板位立。侍儀使捧牙牌入至寢殿前，跪報外辦，內侍入奏，出傳制曰「可」，侍儀使俯伏興。皇帝出閣升輦，鳴鞭三；入大明殿，升御座，鳴鞭三。司晨報時雞唱畢，侍儀使、禮儀使、引冊使以下升自東階，由左門入，至禦榻前，相向立。掌儀贊曰「奏中嚴」，侍儀使捧牙牌跪奏曰「中嚴」，又贊曰「就拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」，曰「復位」，曰「禮儀使稍前跪」，曰「冊使以下皆跪」。禮儀使奏請進發太皇太后冊寶，掌儀贊曰「就拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」，曰「復位」，曰「內謁者稍前」，曰「搢笏，奉冊寶上進」，曰「冊使副、捧冊寶官稍前」，曰「搢笏」，曰「內謁者跪進冊寶」。皇帝興，以冊授冊使，冊使跪受，興，以授捧冊官，出笏；以寶授冊副，冊副跪受，興，以授捧寶官，出笏。侍儀使、禮儀使、引冊、引寶官，導冊寶由正門出，冊使以下奉隨，至階下。掌儀贊曰「以冊寶置於案」，曰「出笏，復位」。方輿舁行，樂作。侍儀使、禮儀使、引冊、引寶前導，冊使以下奉隨，至興聖宮前，奠案，樂止。

At the appointed dawn, the ministers all wore court dress and marshaled their positions before the gate tower. The director, protocol commissioner, and register guide led the register-presenting, register-bearing, register-lifting, register-reading, and register-holding officials in through the Moon Splendor Gate; the director, protocol commissioner, and register deputy guide led the seal-presenting, seal-bearing, seal-lifting, seal-reading, and seal-holding officials in through the Sun Essence Gate. They reached below the open steps and stood according to the marker positions. The director bore the ivory tally to before the sleeping hall, knelt and reported that the outer ceremony was ready; a palace attendant entered to memorialize; the transmitted edict said "It may proceed"; the director prostrated and rose. The emperor came out of the side chamber and ascended the palanquin; the whip was cracked three times; he entered the Hall of Great Brilliance, ascended the imperial seat, and the whip was cracked three times. When the timekeeper had finished announcing the hour and the cock's crow, the director, protocol commissioner, register guide, and those below ascended the east steps, entered through the left gate, came to before the imperial couch, and stood facing one another. The master of ceremonies called "Proclaim inner vigil"; the director bore the ivory tally, knelt, and memorialized "Inner vigil"; he again called "Perform the bow," "Rise," "Stand erect," "Return to position," "The protocol commissioner advance slightly and kneel," and "The register envoy and all below kneel." The protocol commissioner memorialized, requesting permission to proceed with presenting the Grand Empress Dowager's register and seal; the master of ceremonies called "Perform the bow," "Rise," "Stand erect," "Return to position," "The inner ushers advance slightly," "Insert the tablets; bear the register and seal forward," "The register envoy, deputy, and officials who bear the register and seal advance slightly," "Insert the tablets," and "The inner ushers kneel and advance the register and seal." The emperor rose and handed the register to the register envoy, who knelt to receive it, rose, and handed it to the register-holding official, withdrawing his tablet; he handed the seal to the register deputy, who knelt to receive it, rose, and handed it to the seal-holding official, withdrawing his tablet. The director, protocol commissioner, register guide, and seal guide led the register and seal out through the main gate; the register envoy and those below reverently followed to below the steps. The master of ceremonies called "Place the register and seal on the tray," and "Withdraw the tablets; return to position." The square palanquin bearers lifted them and moved forward as music began. The director, protocol commissioner, register guide, and seal guide led the way; the register envoy and those below reverently followed to before the Palace of Sagely Elevation, set down the trays, and the music stopped.

侍儀使以導從入至太皇太后寢殿前，跪報外辦。掌謁入啟，出傳旨曰「可」，侍儀使俯伏興。侍儀使、掌謁前導太皇太后升殿。導太皇太后時，侍儀使入至大明殿，跪奏冊寶至興聖宮，請行禮。駕興，鳴鞭三，侍儀使前引導從至興聖宮，升御座。侍儀使出，至案所，樂作。方輿入，至露階下奠案。冊使副立於案前，冊官東向，寶官西向。方輿分退，立於兩廡，樂止。

The director, with the attendants who guided him, entered to before the Grand Empress Dowager's sleeping hall and knelt to report that the outer ceremony was ready. The director of audiences entered to announce; the transmitted edict said "It may proceed"; the director prostrated and rose. The director and director of audiences led the Grand Empress Dowager to ascend the hall. While guiding the Grand Empress Dowager, the director entered the Hall of Great Brilliance, knelt, and memorialized that the register and seal had reached the Palace of Sagely Elevation and requested permission to perform the ceremony. The imperial carriage rose; the whip was cracked three times; the director led the attendants ahead to the Palace of Sagely Elevation, where the emperor ascended the imperial seat. The director came out to the tray station as music began. The square palanquin entered and set down the trays below the open steps. The register envoy and deputy stood before the trays; register officials faced east and seal officials faced west. The square palanquin withdrew in separate groups and stood in the two side corridors, and the music stopped.

尚引引殿前班入起居位，相向立，起居拜舞，如元正儀。禮畢，宣贊唱曰「各恭事」，贊引冊使以下退至起居位。通班舍人唱曰「攝某官具官〈（或太尉，具官無常。）〉臣某以下起居」，引贊贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「平身」。進入丹墀，知班唱曰「班齊」，宣贊唱曰「拜」，通贊贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」，宣贊唱曰「各恭事」。進至案前，依位立。宣贊唱曰「太尉以下進上冊寶」，掌儀贊曰「捧冊寶官稍前，搢笏，捧冊寶」。侍儀使引冊寶官前導，冊使奉隨，至禦榻，進冊寶案前。掌儀唱曰「跪」，捧冊寶官不跪，曰「以冊寶置於案」，曰「捧冊寶官出笏復位」，曰「太尉以下皆跪」，曰「讀、舉冊寶官興，俱至案前跪」。掌儀贊曰「舉冊官搢笏，取冊於匣，置於盤，對舉」。曰「讀冊」，讀冊官稱臣某謹讀冊。讀畢，舉冊官納冊於匣。掌儀贊曰「出笏」，曰「舉寶官搢笏，取寶於盝，對舉」。曰「讀寶」，讀寶官稱臣某謹讀寶。讀畢，舉寶官納寶於盝。掌儀贊曰「出笏」，曰「就拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」，曰「眾官皆興」，曰「復位」。曰「太尉、司徒、奉冊寶官稍前」，曰「捧冊寶官稍前」，曰「搢笏」，曰「捧冊寶上進」，曰「皇帝躬授太皇太后冊寶」，太皇太后以冊寶授內掌謁，內掌謁置於案。皇帝興，進酒。太皇太后舉觴飲畢，皇帝復御座畢，掌儀贊曰「眾官皆復位」。侍儀使、引冊使以下，分左右，出就位。皇帝率皇后及后妃、公主，降丹墀，北面拜賀，升殿。皇太子及諸王拜賀，升殿。典引引百官入就起居位，通班舍人唱曰「文武百僚具官臣某以下起居」，曰「鞠躬」，曰「平身」，引至丹墀拜位。知班報班齊，宣贊唱曰「拜」，通贊贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」。侍儀使詣班首前請進酒，雙引至殿宇下褥位立，俟舞旋列定，通贊唱曰「分班」，樂作。侍儀使引班首由南東門入，宣徽使奉隨，至禦榻前，班首跪，曲終。班首祝贊曰：「冊寶禮畢，臣等不勝欣抃，願上太皇太后、皇帝億萬歲壽。」宣徽使應曰：「如所祝。」班首俯伏興，退詣進酒位。〈（以下並同元正儀。）〉

The senior usher led the front court assembly into the felicitation position, standing facing one another; felicitation, bows, and dances were as in the New Year's Day ceremony. When the ceremony was finished, the proclamation announcer called "Each attend to his duty"; the announcer led the register envoy and those below back to the felicitation position. The relay clerk called "Acting official So-and-so of such-and-such rank (Or the Grand Commandant; the official titles are not fixed.) Subject So-and-so and below, perform felicitation"; the usher announcer called "Bow the body," and "Stand erect." They advanced into the cinnabar terrace; the rank officer called "Ranks aligned"; the proclamation announcer called "Bow"; the relay announcer called "Bow the body," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," and "Stand erect"; the proclamation announcer called "Each attend to his duty." They advanced to before the trays and took their places according to position. The proclamation announcer called "The Grand Commandant and all below advance to present the register and seal"; the master of ceremonies called "Officials bearing the register and seal, step slightly forward, insert the tablets, and bear the register and seal." The director led the register-and-seal officials forward; the register envoy reverently followed to the imperial couch and advanced to before the register-and-seal trays. The master of ceremonies called "Kneel"; the officials bearing the register and seal did not kneel. He called "Place the register and seal on the tray," "Officials bearing the register and seal, withdraw the tablets and return to position," "The Grand Commandant and all below kneel," and "The officials who read and lift the register and seal rise; all come before the tray and kneel." The master of ceremonies called "The official who lifts the register inserts the tablet, takes the register from the case, places it on the tray, and lifts it facing one another." He called "Read the register"; the register-reading official declared, "Subject So-and-so respectfully reads the register." When the reading was finished, the register-lifting official returned the register to the case. The master of ceremonies called "Withdraw the tablet," and "The official who lifts the seal inserts the tablet, takes the seal from the box, and lifts it facing one another." He called "Read the seal"; the seal-reading official declared, "Subject So-and-so respectfully reads the seal." When the reading was finished, the seal-lifting official returned the seal to the box. The master of ceremonies called "Withdraw the tablet," "Perform the bow," "Rise," "Stand erect," "All officials rise," and "Return to position." He called "The Grand Commandant, Minister of Education, and officials presenting the register and seal, step slightly forward," "Officials bearing the register and seal, step slightly forward," "Insert the tablets," "Bear the register and seal forward and present them," and "The emperor personally invests the Grand Empress Dowager with the register and seal"; the Grand Empress Dowager handed the register and seal to the inner director of audiences, who placed them on the tray. The emperor rose and presented wine. The Grand Empress Dowager raised her goblet and finished drinking; when the emperor had again taken his imperial seat, the master of ceremonies called "All officials return to position." The director and the register guide and those below divided left and right and went out to take their places. The emperor led the empress and the consorts and imperial princesses down to the cinnabar terrace, faced north to offer congratulation, and ascended the hall. The crown prince and the princes offered congratulation and ascended the hall. The chief usher led the hundred officials to enter and take their felicitation positions; the relay clerk called "Civil and military officials of full rank, Subject So-and-so and below, perform felicitation," then "Bow the body" and "Stand erect," and led them to the cinnabar terrace bowing position. The rank officer reported that the ranks were aligned; the proclamation announcer called "Bow"; the relay announcer called "Bow the body," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," and "Stand erect." The director went before the head of the ranks to request permission to present wine; the two ushers led them to stand at the mat position below the hall building; when the dance formations were set, the relay announcer called "Divide ranks," and music began. The director led the head of the ranks in through the south-east gate, the commissioner of introduction reverently following to before the imperial couch; the head of the ranks knelt, and the tune ended. The head of the ranks offered felicitation, saying: "The register-and-seal ceremony is complete; your subjects cannot contain their joy and wish the Grand Empress Dowager and the emperor long life for ten thousand years." The commissioner of introduction responded: "As you have wished." The head of the ranks prostrated himself and rose, then withdrew to the wine-presentation position. (The following are all the same as the New Year's Day ceremony.)

皇太后上尊號進冊寶儀〈（同前儀）〉太皇太后加上尊號進冊寶儀〈（同前儀）〉進發冊寶導從清道官二人，警蹕二人，並分左右，皆攝官，服本品朝服。

Ceremony for the Empress Dowager's Presentation of an Honorific Title and Delivery of Register and Seal (Same as the preceding ceremony.) Ceremony for the Grand Empress Dowager's Addition of an Honorific Title and Presentation of Register and Seal (Same as the preceding ceremony.) For the procession escorting the departure of the register and seal: two clear-the-way officials and two imperial outrunners, all to left and right, all acting officials wearing court dress of their regular rank.

雲和樂一部：署令二人，分左右。次前行戲竹二，次排簫四，次簫管四，次板二，次歌四，並分左右。前行內琵琶二十，次箏十六，次箜篌十六，次蓁十六，次方響八，次頭管二十八，次龍笛二十八，為三十三重。〈（重四人。）〉次杖鼓三十，為八重。次板八，為四重。板內大鼓二，工二人，舁八人。樂工服並與鹵簿同。法物庫使二人，服本品服。次朱團扇八，為二重。次小雉扇八，次中雉扇八，次大雉扇八，分左右，為十二重。次朱團扇八，為二重。次大傘二，次華蓋二，次紫方傘二，次紅方傘二，次曲蓋二，並分左右。執傘扇所服，並同立仗。

One Yunhe music ensemble: two directors, left and right. Next, two bamboo clappers in front; next, four panpipes; next, four flute-pipes; next, two clapper-boards; next, four singers, all to left and right. Within the forward section: twenty pipa, next sixteen zheng harps, next sixteen konghou, next sixteen zhen, next eight fangxiang stone chimes, next twenty-eight lead pipes, next twenty-eight dragon flutes, forming thirty-three ranks. (Four per rank.) Next, thirty staff drums, forming eight ranks. Next, eight clapper-boards, forming four ranks. Within the clapper-board section: two large drums; two craftsmen; eight bearers. The musicians' dress was the same as in the imperial guard of honor. Two commissioners of the ritual-objects storehouse, wearing dress of their regular rank. Next, eight vermilion round fans, forming two ranks. Next, eight small pheasant-tail fans; next, eight medium pheasant-tail fans; next, eight large pheasant-tail fans, left and right, forming twelve ranks. Next, eight vermilion round fans, forming two ranks. Next, two great umbrellas; next, two flowered canopies; next, two purple square umbrellas; next, two red square umbrellas; next, two curved canopies, all to left and right. The dress of those bearing umbrellas and fans was the same as in the standing guard.

圍子頭一人，中道。次圍子八人，分左右。服與鹵簿內同。

One enclosure chief, on the central way. Next, eight enclosure guards, to left and right. Dress the same as within the guard of honor.

安和樂一部：署令二人，服本品服。劄鼓六，為二重，前四後二。次和鼓一，中道。次板二，分左右。次龍笛四，次頭管四，並為二重。次羌管二，次笙二，並分左右。次雲敖一，中道。次二，分左右。樂工服與鹵簿內同。

One Anhe music ensemble: two directors, wearing dress of their regular rank. Six zha drums, forming two ranks, four in front and two behind. Next, one harmony drum, on the central way. Next, two clapper-boards, to left and right. Next, four dragon flutes; next, four lead pipes, each forming two ranks. Next, two Qiang pipes; next, two sheng mouth-organs, all to left and right. Next, one cloud cymbal, on the central way. Next, two, to left and right. The musicians' dress was the same as within the guard of honor.

傘一，中道。椅左，踏右。執人，皂巾，大團花緋錦襖，金塗銅束帶，行縢鞋襪。拱衛使一人，服本品服。舍人二人，次引寶官二人，並分左右，服四品服。

One umbrella, on the central way. Chair to the left, footstool to the right. Bearers: black headcloths, large roundel scarlet brocade jackets, gold-plated copper girdles, leggings, shoes, and socks. One palace guard commissioner, wearing dress of his regular rank. Two attendants; next, two seal guides, all to left and right, wearing fourth-rank dress.

香案，中道。輿士控鶴八人，服同立仗內表案輿士。侍香二人，分左右，服四品服。

Incense tray, on the central way. Eight Crane-Controller palanquin bearers, dress the same as the standing guard's register-tray palanquin bearers. Two incense attendants, to left and right, wearing fourth-rank dress.

寶案，中道。輿士控鶴十有六人，服同香案輿士。方輿官三十人，夾香案寶案，分左右而趨。至殿門，則控鶴退，方輿官舁案以升。唐巾，紫羅窄袖衫，金塗銅束帶，烏靴。

Seal tray, on the central way. Sixteen Crane-Controller palanquin bearers, dress the same as the incense-tray palanquin bearers. Thirty square-palanquin officials, flanking the incense and seal trays, hastening to left and right. Reaching the hall gate, the Crane Controllers withdrew and the square-palanquin officials lifted the trays to ascend. Tang-style caps, narrow-sleeved purple gauze tunics, gold-plated copper girdles, and black boots.

引冊二人，四品服。

Two register guides, fourth-rank dress.

香案，中道。輿士控鶴八人，服同寶案輿士。侍香二人，分左右，服四品服。

Incense tray, on the central way. Eight Crane-Controller palanquin bearers, dress the same as the seal-tray palanquin bearers. Two incense attendants, to left and right, wearing fourth-rank dress.

冊案，中道。輿士控鶴十有六人，服同寶案輿士。方輿官三十人，夾香案冊案，分左右而趨。至殿門，則控鶴退，方輿官舁案以升。巾服與寶案方輿官同。

Register tray, on the central way. Sixteen Crane-Controller palanquin bearers, dress the same as the seal-tray palanquin bearers. Thirty square-palanquin officials, flanking the incense and register trays, hastening to left and right. Reaching the hall gate, the Crane Controllers withdrew and the square-palanquin officials lifted the trays to ascend. Caps and dress the same as the square-palanquin officials of the seal tray.

葆蓋四十人，次閱仗舍人二人，服四品服。次小戟四十人，次儀锽四十人，夾雲和樂傘扇，分左右行，服同立仗。

Forty canopy bearers; next, two review-of-guard attendants, wearing fourth-rank dress. Next, forty small halberds; next, forty ceremonial gongs, flanking the Yunhe music, umbrellas, and fans, marching to left and right, dress the same as the standing guard.

拱衛使二人，服本品朝服。次班劍十，次梧杖十二，次斧十二，次鐙杖二十，次列絲十，皆分左右。次水筜左，金盆右。次列絲十，次立瓜十。次金杌左，鞭桶右，蒙鞍左，散手右。次立瓜十，次臥瓜三十，並夾葆蓋、小戟、儀锽，分左右行。服並同鹵簿內。

Two palace guard commissioners, wearing court dress of their regular rank. Next, ten ranked swords; next, twelve parasol canes; next, twelve axes; next, twenty stirrup staffs; next, ten arrayed silks, all to left and right. Next, water vessel to the left, gold basin to the right. Next, ten arrayed silks; next, ten standing melons. Next, gold footstool to the left, whip barrel to the right, covered saddle to the left, scattered-hand insignia to the right. Next, ten standing melons; next, thirty recumbent melons, all flanking the canopy bearers, small halberds, and ceremonial gongs, marching to left and right. Dress all the same as within the guard of honor.

拱衛外舍人二人，服四品服，引導冊諸官。次從九品以上，次從七品以上，次從五品以上，並本品朝服。

Two outer palace-guard attendants, wearing fourth-rank dress, guiding the register officials. Next, those of the ninth rank and above; next, those of the seventh rank and above; next, those of the fifth rank and above, all in court dress of their regular rank.

金吾折沖二人，牙門旗二，每旗引執五人。次青槊四十人，赤槊四十人，黃槊四十人，白槊四十人，紫槊四十人，並兜鍪甲靴，各隨槊之色，行導冊官外。

Two Gold Guard assault-reserve officers; two gate-banner flags, each flag with five bearers leading. Next, forty green spears, forty red spears, forty yellow spears, forty white spears, and forty purple spears, all in helmets, armor, and boots, each in the color of his spear, marching outside those guiding the register officials.

冊案後舍人二人，服四品服。次太尉右，司徒左。次禮儀使二人，分左右。次舉冊官四人右，舉寶官四人左。次讀冊官二人右，讀寶官二人左。次閣門使四人，分左右，並本品服。

Behind the register tray, two attendants, wearing fourth-rank dress. Next, the Grand Commandant to the right, the Minister of Education to the left. Next, two protocol commissioners, to left and right. Next, four register-lifting officials to the right and four seal-lifting officials to the left. Next, two register-reading officials to the right and two seal-reading officials to the left. Next came four commissioners of the Gate Bureau, divided to left and right, all wearing robes of their regular rank.

知班六人，分左右，服同立仗，往來視諸官之失儀者而行罰焉。冊寶攝官

Six rank officers, divided to left and right, dressed like the standing guard, moved among the officials to spot breaches of deportment and impose penalties. Acting Officials for the Register and Seal

上尊號冊寶，凡攝官二百五十有六人：奉冊官四人，奉寶官四人，捧冊官二人，捧寶官二人，讀冊官二人，讀寶官二人，引冊官五人，引寶官五人，典瑞官三人，糾儀官四人，殿中侍御史二人，監察御史四人，閣門使三人，清道官四人，點試儀衛五人，司香四人，備顧問七人，代禮官三十人，拱衛使二人，押仗二人，方輿官一百六十人。

For the presentation of an honorific register and seal, acting officials totaled two hundred fifty-six: four register bearers, four seal bearers, two register holders, two seal holders, two register readers, two seal readers, five register guides, five seal guides, three directors of regalia, four protocol inspectors, two palace censors, four surveillance censors, three gate commissioners, four clear-the-way officers, five examiners of ceremonial guards, four incense officers, seven reserve counselors, thirty substitute ritual officers, two commanders of the guard of honor, two escorts of the guard of honor, and one hundred sixty square-palanquin bearers.

上皇太后冊寶，凡攝官二百五十人：攝太尉一人，攝司徒一人，禮儀使四人，奉冊官二人，奉寶官二人，引冊官二人，引寶官二人，舉冊官二人，舉寶官二人，讀冊官二人，讀寶官二人，捧冊官二人，捧寶官二人，奏中嚴一人，主當內侍十人，閣門使六人，充內臣十三人，糾儀官四人，代禮官四十二人，掌謁四人，司香十二人，折沖都尉二人，拱衛使二人，清道官四人，警蹕官四人，方輿官百二十人。

For the Empress Dowager's register and seal, acting officials totaled two hundred fifty: one acting Grand Commandant, one acting Minister of Education, four protocol commissioners, two register bearers, two seal bearers, two register guides, two seal guides, two who raised the register, two who raised the seal, two register readers, two seal readers, two register holders, two seal holders, one who announced the mid-watch vigil, ten inner attendants in charge, six gate commissioners, thirteen assigned inner attendants, four protocol inspectors, forty-two substitute ritual officers, four directors of audiences, twelve incense officers, two assault-reserve colonels, two commanders of the guard of honor, four clear-the-way officers, four imperial-progress guards, and one hundred twenty square-palanquin bearers.

上太皇太后冊寶攝官，同前。

The acting officials for the Grand Empress Dowager's register and seal were the same as above.

授皇后冊寶，凡攝寶官百八十人：攝太尉一人，攝司徒一人，主節官二人，禮儀使四人，奉冊官二人，奉寶官二人，引冊官二人，引寶官二人，舉冊官二人，舉寶官二人，讀冊官二人，讀寶官二人，內臣職掌十人，宣徽使二人，閣門使四人，代禮官三十七人，侍香二人，清道官四人，折沖都尉二人，警蹕官四人，中宮內臣九人，糾儀官四人，接冊內臣二人，接寶內臣二人，方輿官七十四人。

For investiture of the empress with register and seal, acting officials totaled one hundred eighty: one acting Grand Commandant, one acting Minister of Education, two chief-of-staff officers, four protocol commissioners, two register bearers, two seal bearers, two register guides, two seal guides, two who raised the register, two who raised the seal, two register readers, two seal readers, ten inner attendants in charge of duties, two palace commissioners, four gate commissioners, thirty-seven substitute ritual officers, two incense attendants, four clear-the-way officers, two assault-reserve colonels, four imperial-progress guards, nine inner attendants of the inner palace, four protocol inspectors, two inner attendants receiving the register, two inner attendants receiving the seal, and seventy-four square-palanquin bearers.

授皇太子冊，凡攝官四十有九人：攝太尉一人，奉冊官二人，持節官一人，捧冊官二人，讀冊官二人，引冊官二人，攝禮儀使二人，主當內侍六人，副持節官五人，侍從官十一人，代禮官十六人。

For investiture of the crown prince with the register, acting officials totaled forty-nine: one acting Grand Commandant, two register bearers, one bearer of the staff of authority, two register holders, two register readers, two register guides, two acting protocol commissioners, six inner attendants in charge, five deputy bearers of the staff of authority, eleven attendant officers, and sixteen substitute ritual officers.

攝行告廟儀〈（如受尊號，上太皇太后、皇太后冊寶，冊立皇后、皇太子，凡國家大典禮，皆告宗廟。）〉

Acting Performance of the Announcement to the Ancestral Temples (As with receiving an honorific title, presenting register and seal to the Grand Empress Dowager and Empress Dowager, and investing empress and crown prince—for all great state ceremonies, announcement is made to the ancestral temples.)

前期二日，太廟令掃除內外，翰林國史院學士撰寫祝文；前一日，告官等致齋一日。其日，告官等各服紫服，奉祝版，進請禦署訖，差控鶴，用紅羅銷金案擡舁，覆以黃羅帕，並奉御香、禦酒，如常儀，迎至祝所齋宿。告日質明前三刻，禮直官引太廟令，率其屬入廟殿，開室，陳設如儀。禮直官引告官等，各服紫服，以次入就位，東向立定。禮直官稍前，贊曰「有司謹具，請行事」。贊者曰「再拜」，在位者皆再拜。禮直官先引執事者各就位，次引告官詣盥洗、爵洗位，北向立。搢笏，盥手，帨手，洗爵、拭爵訖，執笏，請詣酒尊所，搢笏，執爵，司尊者舉冪，良醞令酌酒，以爵授奉爵官，執笏，詣太祖室，再拜。執事者奉香，告官搢笏跪，三上香，執爵三祭酒，以虛爵授奉爵官，執笏，俯伏興。舉祝官搢笏跪，對舉祝版，讀祝官跪讀祝文訖，奠祝於案，執笏，俯伏興。禮直官、贊告官再拜畢，每室並如上儀。告畢，引告官以下降，復位。再拜訖，詣望瘞燔祝，再拜，半燎，告官以下皆退。

Two days beforehand, the director of the Imperial Ancestral Temple swept the precinct clean inside and out, and academicians of the Hanlin Academy of National History drafted the prayer text; On the day before, the announcing officials and others observed a day of ritual abstention. On that day the announcing officials each wore purple robes, bore the prayer boards, and advanced to request the imperial signature; when this was done, Crane Controllers were assigned; red silk carrying tables with cut-gold patterns were used, covered with yellow silk cloths; imperial incense and imperial wine were presented according to regular ceremony, and all were escorted to the prayer lodge to fast overnight. At the third quarter before dawn on the announcement day, the ritual rectifier led the director of the Imperial Ancestral Temple and his staff into the temple hall, opened the shrine rooms, and arranged the furnishings according to ceremony. The ritual rectifier led the announcing officials, each in purple robes, to enter in order and take their places, standing facing east. The ritual rectifier stepped slightly forward and intoned: "The officers have reverently prepared; we request that the rite proceed." The intoner called "Bow twice"; all present bowed twice. The ritual rectifier first led the attendants to their positions, then led the announcing officials to the hand-washing and goblet-washing places, where they stood facing north. They inserted their tablets, washed and dried their hands, washed and wiped the goblet; when finished they held their tablets and went to the wine vessel, inserted their tablets, and took the goblet; the wine officer raised the cover; the director of fine brew poured the wine; the goblet was handed to the wine-bearing officer; holding their tablets, they went to the shrine of Taizu and bowed twice. Attendants presented incense; the announcing officials inserted their tablets and knelt, offered incense three times, took the goblet and poured three libations, handed the empty goblet to the wine-bearing officer, held their tablets, prostrated themselves, and rose. The prayer-raising officer inserted his tablet and knelt and raised the prayer board; the prayer-reading officer knelt and read the prayer text to completion, placed the prayer on the table, held his tablet, prostrated himself, and rose. When the ritual rectifier and intoner had completed the double bow, each shrine room followed the same ceremony as above. When the announcement was complete, the announcing officials and those below were led down and returned to their positions. When the double bow was finished, they went to the outlook to bury and burn the prayer, bowed twice, burned it halfway, and the announcing officials and those below all withdrew.

國史院進先朝實錄儀

Ceremony for Presenting the Veritable Records of the Previous Reign to the Academy of National History

是日大昕，諸司官具公服，立於光天門外，侍儀使引《實錄》案以入，監修國史以下奉隨，至光天殿前，分班立，皇帝升御座。宣贊唱曰「拜」，通贊贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」。待制四人奉《實錄》，升自午階，監修國史以下奉隨，至御前香案南立，眾官降，復位。應奉翰林文字升，至《實錄》前，跪讀表，讀畢，俯伏興，復位。翰林學士承旨升，至御前，分班立，俟御覽畢，降復位。宣贊唱曰「監修國史以下皆再拜」，通贊贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」。待制升，取《實錄》，降自午階，置於案，由光天門以出，音樂儀從前導，還國史院，置於堂上。通贊贊曰「鞠躬」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平身」，曰「搢笏」，曰「上香」，曰「上香，曰「三上香」，曰「出笏」，曰「就拜」，曰「興，」曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「拜」，曰「興」，曰「平立」。百僚趨退。

That day at dawn, officials of the various bureaus wore court dress and stood outside the Gate of Broad Heaven; the director led in the case of the Veritable Records; the supervising editor of the national history and those below followed to before the Hall of Broad Heaven, where they took their ranks; the emperor ascended the imperial seat. The announcer called "Bow"; the relay announcer intoned "Bow," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Stand erect." Four drafting officials bore the Veritable Records and ascended by the noon steps; the supervising editor of the national history and those below followed to south of the incense table before the throne; the other officials descended and returned to their positions. The Hanlin literary attendant on presentation ascended, came before the Veritable Records, knelt and read the memorial; when the reading was finished, he prostrated himself and rose, and returned to his position. The Hanlin academician recipient of edicts ascended to before the throne, took his rank, waited until the emperor had finished reading, then descended and returned to his position. The announcer called "The supervising editor of the national history and all below, bow twice"; the relay announcer intoned "Bow," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Stand erect." The drafting official ascended, took the Veritable Records, descended by the noon steps, placed them on the case, and went out through the Gate of Broad Heaven; music and ceremonial escort led the way back to the Academy of National History, where they were placed in the hall. The relay announcer intoned "Bow," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Stand erect," "Insert the tablet," "Offer incense," "Offer incense," "Offer incense three times," "Withdraw the tablet," "Proceed to bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Stand erect." The hundred officials hastened to withdraw.

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