1
祭祀二○郊祀下儀註之節,其目有十:
Offerings, Part Two ○ The ritual prescriptions for the lower division of suburban sacrifice are organized into ten sections:
2
一曰齋戒。 祀前七日,皇帝散齋四日於別殿,致齋三日,其二日於大明殿,一日於大次,有司停奏刑罰文字。 致齋前一日,尚舍監設禦幄於大明殿西序,東向。 致齋之日質明,諸衛勒所部屯門列仗。 晝漏上水一刻,通事舍人引侍享執事文武四品以上官,俱公服詣別殿奉迎。 晝漏上水二刻,侍中版奏請中嚴,皇帝服通天冠、絳紗袍。 晝漏上水三刻,侍中版奏外辦,皇帝結佩出別殿,乘輿華蓋傘扇侍衛如常儀,奉引至大明殿禦幄,東向坐,侍臣夾侍如常。 一刻頃,侍中前跪奏「臣某言,請降就齋」,俯伏興。 皇帝降座入室,解嚴。 侍享執事官各還本司,宿衛者如常。 凡侍祠官受誓戒於中書省,散齋四日,致齋三日。 守壝門兵衛與大樂工人,俱清齋一宿。 光祿卿以陽燧取明火供爨,以方諸取明水實尊。
The first section is purification and fasting. Seven days before the rite, the emperor keeps preliminary purification for four days in a side hall and rigorous purification for three days—two in the Daming Hall and one in the Great Tent—while the relevant offices cease submitting documents on criminal penalties and legal matters. On the eve of rigorous purification, the Director of the Palace Provisioners erects the emperor's curtained pavilion in the west wing of the Daming Hall, oriented to the east. At daybreak on the day of rigorous purification, the guard commands post their units at the gates with arms drawn up in formation. When the day water-clock reaches the first quarter after filling begins, the Herald of Affairs escorts the civil and military officials of fourth rank and above who attend the sacrifice, all in formal court dress, to the side hall to receive the emperor. At the second quarter of the day clock, the Palace Attendant submits a board memorial requesting the inner vigil, and the emperor puts on the Tongtian crown and crimson gauze robe. At the third quarter of the day clock, the Palace Attendant announces that outer preparations are complete; the emperor secures his girdle ornaments, leaves the side hall, and rides in the imperial carriage with canopy, parasol, and fan bearers as in ordinary ceremony. He is led to the curtained pavilion in the Daming Hall, where he sits facing east with ministers attending on either side as usual. After roughly a quarter of an hour, the Palace Attendant advances, kneels, and says, "Your servant So-and-so respectfully asks that Your Majesty descend to begin purification," then prostrates himself and rises. The emperor steps down from the seat, enters the inner chamber, and the vigil is relaxed. The officials assigned to the sacrifice each return to their departments, and the night guards remain on duty as usual. All officials who serve at the sacrifice take the oath of purification at the Secretariat, keeping preliminary purification for four days and rigorous purification for three. The troops guarding the ritual enclosure gates and the musicians of the Great Music Office all keep a single night of strict purification. The Director of the Imperial Household uses the yang fire-mirror to kindle sacred fire for cooking and the fangzhu vessel to draw sacred water to fill the ritual wine containers.
3
二曰告配。 祀前二日,攝太尉與太常禮儀院官恭詣太廟,以一獻禮奏告太祖法天啟運聖武皇帝之室。 寅刻,太尉以下公服自南神門東偏門入,至橫街南,北向立定。 奉禮郎贊曰「拜」,禮直官承傳曰「鞠躬」,曰「拜」,曰「興」,曰「拜」,曰「興」,曰「平立」。 又贊曰「各就位」。 禮直官詣太尉前曰「請詣盥洗位」,引太尉至盥洗位,曰「盥手」,曰「帨手」,曰「詣爵洗位」,曰「滌爵」,曰「拭爵」,曰「請詣酒尊所」,曰「酌酒」,曰「請詣神座前」,曰「北向立」,曰「稍前」,曰「搢笏」,曰「跪」,曰「上香」,曰「再上香」,曰「三上香」,曰「授幣」,曰「奠幣」,曰「執爵」,曰「祭酒」,曰「祭酒」,曰「三祭酒」。 祭酒於沙池訖,曰「讀祝」。 舉祝官搢笏,跪對舉祝版。 讀祝官跪讀祝文畢,舉祝官奠祝版於案,執笏興,讀祝官俯伏興。 禮直官贊曰「出笏」,曰「俯伏興」,曰「拜」,曰「興」,曰「拜」,曰「興」,曰「平立」,曰「復位」。 司尊彜、良醞令從降復位,北向立。 奉禮郎贊曰「拜」,禮直官承傳再拜畢,太祝捧祝幣降自太階,詣望瘞位。 太尉以下俱詣坎位焚瘞訖,自南神門東偏門以次出。
The second section is announcement to the associated spirit. Two days before the rite, the Acting Grand Commandant and officials of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and the Ritual Protocol Office proceed reverently to the Imperial Ancestral Temple and, with a single-offering ceremony, announce the suburban sacrifice to the shrine of Emperor Taizu, Sagely Martial Emperor Who Complied with Heaven and Initiated the Dynasty's Fortune. At the yin hour, the Grand Commandant and his party, in court dress, enter by the eastern side gate of the Southern Spirit Gate, advance to the south side of the cross street, and take their places facing north. The Master of Ceremonies calls, "Bow"; the Ritual Usher relays, "Bow the body," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Stand at ease." He then calls, "Each take your assigned place." The Ritual Usher steps before the Grand Commandant and says, "Please go to the ablution station," then leads him there, calling out in turn: "Wash the hands," "Dry the hands," "Go to the goblet-washing station," "Rinse the goblet," "Wipe the goblet," "Go to the wine vessels," "Pour the wine," "Go before the spirit seat," "Stand facing north," "Advance slightly," "Insert the tablet," "Kneel," "Offer incense," "Offer incense again," "Offer incense a third time," "Receive the silks," "Place the silks," "Take the goblet," "Pour the libation," "Pour the libation," "Pour the libation three times." After the libation is poured into the sand basin, he calls, "Read the prayer text." The official who holds the prayer tablet inserts his tablet, kneels, and faces the prayer board. The Prayer-Reading Official kneels and reads the prayer to the end; the Prayer-Holding Official sets the prayer board on the table, takes up his tablet, and rises; the Prayer-Reading Official prostrates himself and rises. The Ritual Usher calls, "Withdraw the tablet," "Prostrate and rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Stand at ease," "Return to your place." The Directors of Ritual Vessels and of Fine Wine descend with him, return to their places, and stand facing north. The Master of Ceremonies calls, "Bow"; after the Ritual Usher relays the double bows, the Grand Sacrificer carries the prayer silks down the main steps to the distant burial pit. The Grand Commandant and his party all go to the pit, burn and bury the offerings, then leave in order through the eastern side gate of the Southern Spirit Gate.
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三曰車駕出宮。 祀前一日,所司備儀從內外仗,侍祠官兩行序立於崇天門外,太僕卿控御馬立於大明門外,諸侍臣及導駕官二十有四人,俱於齋殿前左右分班立俟。 通事舍人引侍中,奏請中嚴,俯伏興。 皇帝服通天冠、絳紗袍。 少頃,侍中版奏外辦,皇帝出齋室,即御座。 群臣起居訖,尚輦進輿,侍中奏請皇帝升輿,華蓋傘扇侍衛如常儀。 導駕官導至大明門外,侍中進當輿前,跪奏請降輿乘馬,導駕官分左右步導。 門下侍郎跪奏請進發,俯伏興,前稱警蹕。 至崇天門外,門下侍郎奏請權停,敕眾官上馬,侍中承旨稱「制可」,門下侍郎傳制稱「眾官上馬」,贊者承傳「眾官出欞星門外上馬」。 門下侍郎奏請進發,前稱警蹕。 華蓋傘扇儀仗與眾官分左右前引,教坊樂鼓吹不作。 至郊壇南欞星門外,侍中傳制「眾官下馬」,贊者承傳「眾官下馬」。 下馬訖,自卑而尊,與儀仗倒卷而北,兩行駐立。 駕至欞星門,侍中奏請皇帝降馬,步入欞星門,由西偏門稍西。 侍中奏請升輿。 尚輦奉輿,華蓋傘扇如常儀。 導駕官前導皇帝乘輿至大次前,侍中奏請降輿。 皇帝降輿入就次,簾降,侍衛如式。 通事舍人承旨,敕眾官各還齋次。 尚食進膳訖,禮儀使以祝冊奏請禦署訖,奉出,郊祀令受之,各奠於坫。
The third section is the imperial procession leaving the palace. On the eve of the sacrifice, the responsible offices prepare the ceremonial escort and inner and outer guards. Officials of the sacrifice form two ranks outside the Chongtian Gate; the Minister of the Imperial Stud holds the imperial horse outside the Daming Gate; attending ministers and the twenty-four carriage guides wait in divided ranks to left and right before the purification hall. The Herald of Affairs leads the Palace Attendant forward to request the inner vigil; the attendant prostrates himself and rises. The emperor puts on the Tongtian crown and crimson gauze robe. Shortly after, the Palace Attendant announces that outer preparations are complete; the emperor leaves the purification chamber and takes his seat. After the ministers have saluted, the Director of the Imperial Carriage brings forward the carriage; the Palace Attendant asks that the emperor mount, with canopy, parasol, and fan bearers as in ordinary ceremony. The carriage guides lead him to outside the Daming Gate; the Palace Attendant steps before the carriage, kneels, and asks that the emperor dismount and take a horse; the guides walk on either side to lead the way. The Vice Director of the Palace Secretariat kneels to request departure, prostrates himself and rises, then goes ahead calling for the road to be cleared. At the Chongtian Gate, the Vice Director asks for a brief halt and orders all officials to mount; the Palace Attendant receives the edict and announces, "So ordered"; the Vice Director relays, "All officials mount"; the herald repeats, "All officials go out beyond the Lattice Star Gate and mount." The Vice Director requests departure and again goes ahead calling for the road to be cleared. Canopy, parasol, ceremonial guards, and officials lead on either side; the Music Office band and drums and horns remain silent. At the southern Lattice Star Gate of the suburban altar, the Palace Attendant relays the decree, "All officials dismount"; the herald repeats, "All officials dismount." After all have dismounted, the officials and ceremonial guards withdraw northward in reverse order of rank, from lowest to highest, and stand in two ranks. When the imperial procession reaches the Lattice Star Gate, the Palace Attendant asks the emperor to dismount, enter on foot through the western side gate, and proceed slightly westward. The Palace Attendant asks that the emperor mount the carriage again. The Director of the Imperial Carriage presents the carriage; canopy and parasol attendants follow as in ordinary ceremony. The carriage guides lead the emperor in the carriage to before the Great Tent; the Palace Attendant asks him to dismount. The emperor dismounts, enters the Great Tent, and takes his place; the curtain is lowered and guards stand watch as prescribed. The Herald of Affairs receives the edict and orders all officials to return to their purification quarters. After the Director of Imperial Food Service has served the meal, the Commissioner of Ritual Protocol presents the prayer document for the emperor's signature; when this is done, it is brought out, received by the Director of Suburban Sacrifice, and each copy placed on its altar stand.
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四曰陳設。 祀前三日,尚舍監陳大次於外壝西門之道北,南向。 設小次於內壝西門之外道南,東向。 設黃道裀褥,自大次至於小次,版位及壇上皆設之。 所司設兵衛,各具器服,守衛壝門,每門兵官二員。 外垣東西南欞星門外,設蹕街清路諸軍,諸軍旗服各隨其方之色。 去壇二百步,禁止行人。 祀前一日,郊祀令率其屬掃除壇之上下。 太樂令率其屬設登歌樂於壇上,稍南,北向; 設宮縣二舞,位於壇南內壝南門之外,如式。 奉禮郎設禦版位於小次之前,東向; 設禦飲福位於壇上,午陛之西,亞終獻飲福位於午陛之東,皆北向。 又設亞終獻、助奠、門下侍郎以下版位壇下禦版位之後,稍南東向,異位重行,以北為上。 又設司徒太常卿以下位於其東,相對北上,皆如常儀。 又分設糾儀御史位於其東西二壝門之外,相向而立。 又設禦盥洗、爵洗位於內壝南門之內道西,北向。 又設亞終獻、盥洗、爵洗位於內壝南門之外道西,北向。 又設省牲饌等位,如常儀。 未後二刻,郊祀令同太史令俱公服,升設昊天上帝位於壇上北方,南向,席以槁稭,加神席褥座。 又設配位於壇上西方,東向,席以蒲越,加神席褥座。 禮神蒼璧置於繅藉,青幣設於篚,正位之幣加燎玉,置尊所。 俟告潔畢,權徹畢。 祀日醜前重設。 執事者實柴於燎壇,及設籩豆、簠簋、尊罍匏爵、俎坫等事,如常儀。
The fourth section is arrangement of furnishings. Three days before the rite, the Director of the Palace Provisioners erects the Great Tent north of the road at the western gate of the outer enclosure, facing south. The Small Tent is set south of the road outside the western gate of the inner enclosure, facing east. Yellow ceremonial mats and cushions are laid from the Great Tent to the Small Tent, and also at the tablet stations and on the altar platform. The responsible offices post military guards in full arms and regalia at the enclosure gates, with two officers assigned to each gate. Outside the eastern, southern, and western Lattice Star Gates of the outer wall, troops are posted to clear the streets; each unit's banners and dress match the color of its assigned direction. Pedestrians are barred within two hundred paces of the altar. On the eve of the sacrifice, the Director of Suburban Sacrifice leads his staff in cleaning the altar platform above and below. The Director of the Great Music Office leads his staff in setting up the elevated hymn musicians on the altar, slightly to the south and facing north; and positions the suspended palace orchestra and the two ritual dances outside the inner enclosure's southern gate, south of the altar, as prescribed. The Master of Ceremonies sets the emperor's tablet station before the Small Tent, facing east; the emperor's blessing-drinking station on the altar west of the noon stairway, and the secondary and final offering blessing-drinking stations east of the noon stairway—all facing north. Tablet stations are also set below the altar, behind the imperial station and slightly to the south, for officials of the secondary and final offerings, assisting offerers, the Vice Director of the Palace Secretariat and those below—all facing east in separate double ranks, with the northernmost rank highest in precedence. Positions are also set to the east for the Minister over the Masses, the Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, and their subordinates, facing one another with the north as the place of honor, all as in ordinary ceremony. Censors charged with enforcing ritual order are posted outside the eastern and western gates of the two enclosures, standing opposite one another. The emperor's ablution and goblet-washing stations are set inside the inner enclosure's southern gate, on the west side of the path, facing north. The secondary and final offering ablution and goblet-washing stations are set outside the inner enclosure's southern gate, on the west side of the path, facing north. Stations for inspecting the sacrificial animals and offerings are set as in ordinary ceremony. At the second quarter after the wei hour, the Director of Suburban Sacrifice and the Director of the Astrological Service, both in court dress, ascend the altar and set the seat of August Heaven, Supreme Thearch, in the north of the platform, facing south, with a straw mat as the base and the divine mat, cushion, and throne placed upon it. The associated spirit's seat is set in the west of the platform, facing east, with a rush mat as the base and the divine mat, cushion, and throne placed upon it. The azure jade disk for honoring the spirit is laid on its silk wrapping; green silks are placed in baskets; silks for the principal seat together with the jade for the fire offering are set at the wine-vessel station. After the announcement that all is pure, they temporarily withdraw the furnishings. On the day of the sacrifice, before the chou hour, the furnishings are set out anew. Attendants load firewood onto the fire altar and set out platters, stands, grain vessels, wine vessels, gourd goblets, meat trays, and altar tables, all as in ordinary ceremony.
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五曰省牲器。 祀前一日未後二刻,郊祀令率其屬又掃除壇之上下,司尊罍、奉禮郎率祠祭局以祭器入設於位。 郊祀令率執事者以禮神之玉,置於神位前。 未後三刻,廩犧令與諸太祝、祝史以牲就位,禮直官分引太常卿、光祿卿丞、監祭、監禮官、太官令丞等詣省牲位,立定。 禮直官引太常卿、監祭、監禮由東壝北偏門入,自卯陛升壇,視滌濯。 司尊罍跪舉冪曰「潔」。 告潔畢,俱復位。 禮直官稍前曰「請省牲」。 太常卿稍前,省牲畢,退復位。 次引廩犧令巡牲一匝,西向折身曰「充」。 告充畢,復位。 諸太祝俱巡牲一匝,復位。 上一員出班,西向折身曰「腯」。 告腯畢,復位。 禮直官引太常卿、光祿卿丞、太官令丞、監祭、監禮詣省饌位,東西相向立。 禮直官請太常卿省饌畢,退還齋所。 廩牲令與諸太祝、祝史以次牽牲詣廚,授太官令。 次引光祿卿、監祭、監禮等詣廚,省鼎鑊,視滌溉畢,還齋所。 晡後一刻,太官令率宰人以鸞刀割牲,祝史各取血及左耳毛實於豆,仍取牲首貯於盤, 〈(用馬首。)〉 俱置於饌殿,遂烹牲。 刑部尚書蒞之,監實水納烹之事。
The fifth section is inspection of sacrificial animals and vessels. At the second quarter after the wei hour on the eve of the sacrifice, the Director of Suburban Sacrifice again cleans the altar above and below; the Directors of Ritual Vessels and the Master of Ceremonies lead the Sacrificial Offerings Bureau to bring in the ritual vessels and set them in place. The Director of Suburban Sacrifice leads attendants in placing the jade for honoring the spirit before the spirit seat. At the third quarter after wei, the Director of Imperial Victims, with all Grand Sacrificers and Prayer Scribes, bring the sacrificial animals into position; Ritual Ushers lead the Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, the Vice Director of the Imperial Household, the Sacrifice Overseers, Ritual Overseers, and Directors of the Imperial Kitchen to the inspection station, where they take their places. A Ritual Usher leads the Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, Sacrifice Overseers, and Ritual Overseers in through the northern side gate of the eastern enclosure, up the mao stairway onto the altar, to inspect the washing of vessels. The Director of Ritual Vessels kneels, lifts the cover, and announces, "Pure." When the announcement of purity is complete, all return to their places. The Ritual Usher steps forward and says, "Please inspect the sacrificial animals." The Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices steps forward; when the inspection is finished, he withdraws to his place. Next the Director of Imperial Victims is led around the animals once; turning westward he bows at the waist and announces, "Sufficient." When the announcement is complete, he returns to his place. All Grand Sacrificers together make one circuit of the animals and return to their places. One official steps forward from the rank, turns westward, bows at the waist, and announces, "Plump." When the announcement is complete, he returns to his place. The Ritual Usher leads the Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, Vice Director of the Imperial Household, Directors of the Imperial Kitchen, Sacrifice Overseers, and Ritual Overseers to the offering-inspection station, where they stand facing one another, east and west. The Ritual Usher asks the Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices to finish inspecting the offerings; when done, he withdraws to the purification quarters. The Director of Imperial Victims, with all Grand Sacrificers and Prayer Scribes, lead the animals in order to the kitchen and hand them over to the Director of the Imperial Kitchen. Next the Director of the Imperial Household, Sacrifice Overseers, and Ritual Overseers are led to the kitchen to inspect the cauldrons and observe the washing; when finished, they return to the purification quarters. At the first quarter after the shen hour, the Director of the Imperial Kitchen leads butchers to slaughter the animals with the sacred knife; each Prayer Scribe collects blood and hair from the left ear into a dish and places the animal's head on a tray, (A horse's head is used.) all of which are placed in the offering hall; the animals are then cooked. The Minister of Justice attends to supervise the addition of water and the cooking.
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六曰習儀。 祀前一日未後三刻,獻官諸執事各服其服,習儀於外壝西南隙地。 其陳設、樂架、禮器等物,並如行事之儀。
The sixth section is rehearsal of the rites. At the third quarter after wei on the eve of the sacrifice, offering officials and all attendants don their ritual robes and rehearse the ceremony in the open ground southwest of the outer enclosure. Furnishings, music frames, ritual vessels, and other equipment follow the same arrangement as on the day of the ceremony.
8
七曰奠玉幣。 祀日醜前五刻,太常卿設燭於神座,太史令、郊祀令各服其服,升設昊天上帝及配位神座,執事者陳玉幣於篚,置尊所。 禮部尚書設祝冊於案。 光祿卿率其屬,入實籩豆、簠簋、尊罍如式。 祝史以牲首盤設於壇,大樂令率工人二舞入就位。 禮直官分引監祭禮、郊祀令及諸執事官、齋郎入就位。 禮直官引監祭禮按視壇之上下,退復位。 奉禮贊再拜。 禮直官承傳,監祭禮以下皆再拜訖,又贊各就位。 太官令率齋郎出詣饌殿,俟於門外; 禮直官分引攝太尉及司徒等官入就位; 符寶郎奉寶陳於宮縣之側,隨地之宜。 太尉之將入也,禮直官引博士,博士引禮儀使,對立於大次前。 侍中板奏請中嚴,皇帝服大裘袞冕。 侍中奏外辦,禮儀使跪奏禮儀使臣某請皇帝行禮,俯伏興。 〈(凡奏二人皆跪,一人贊之。)〉 簾卷出次,禮儀使前導,華蓋傘扇如常儀。 至西壝門外,殿中監進大圭,禮儀使奏請執大圭,皇帝執圭。 華蓋傘扇停於門外。 近侍官與大禮使皆後從皇帝入門,宮縣樂作。 請就小次,釋圭,樂止。 禮儀使以下分立左右。 少頃,禮儀使奏有司謹具,請行事。 降神樂作,《天成之曲》六成。 太常卿率祝史捧馬首,詣燎壇升煙訖,復位。 禮儀使跪奏請就板位,俯伏興。 皇帝出次,請執大圭,至位東向立,再拜。 皇帝再拜,奉禮贊眾官皆再拜訖,奉玉幣官跪取玉幣於篚,立於尊所。 禮儀使奏請行事。 遂前導,宮縣樂作,由南壝西偏門入,詣盥洗位,北向立,樂止。 搢大圭,盥手。 奉匜官奉匜沃水,奉盤官奉盤承水,執巾官奉巾以進。 盥帨手訖,執大圭,樂作,至午陛,樂止。 升階,登歌樂作,至壇上,樂止。 宮縣《欽成之樂》作,殿中監進鎮圭, 〈(殿中監二員,一員執大圭,一員執鎮圭。)〉 禮儀使奏請搢大圭,執鎮圭,請詣昊天上帝神位前,北向立。 內侍先設繅席於地,禮儀使奏請跪奠鎮圭於繅席。 奉玉幣官加玉於幣以授侍中,侍中西向跪進,禮儀使奏請奠玉幣。 皇帝受奠訖,禮儀使奏請執大圭,俯伏興,少退再拜。 皇帝再拜興,平立。 內侍取鎮圭授殿中監,又取繅藉置配位前。 禮儀使前導,請詣太祖皇帝神位前,西向立,奠鎮圭及幣,並如上儀,樂止。 禮儀使前導,請還版位。 登歌樂作,降階,樂止。 宮縣樂作,殿中監取鎮圭、繅藉以授有司。 皇帝至版位,東向立,樂止。 請還小次,釋大圭。 祝史奉毛血豆。 升自午陛,以進正位,升自卯陛,以進配位。 太祝各迎奠於神座前,俱退立尊所。
The seventh section is presentation of jade and silks. Five quarter-marks before the chou hour on the day of the sacrifice, the Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices lights candles at the spirit seats; the Directors of the Astrological Service and of Suburban Sacrifice don their ritual robes, ascend, and set the seats of August Heaven and the associated spirit; attendants arrange jade and silks in baskets and place them at the wine-vessel station. The Minister of Rites places the prayer document on the table. The Director of the Imperial Household leads his staff in filling the baskets, dishes, square and round vessels, and wine vessels according to the prescribed arrangement. Prayer Scribes place the tray bearing the victim's head on the altar, while the Director of the Great Music Office leads two dance companies of performers to their assigned places. Ritual Ushers separately escort the Sacrifice Ritual Overseer, the Director of Suburban Sacrifice, all attending officials, and the Purification Attendants to their places. A Ritual Usher leads the Sacrifice Ritual Overseer in inspecting the altar above and below, then withdraws and returns to his place. The Master of Ceremonies calls, "Bow twice." The Ritual Usher relays the command; after the Sacrifice Ritual Overseer and all below have bowed twice, he calls again, "Each take your assigned place." The Director of the Imperial Kitchen leads the Purification Attendants out to the offering hall and waits outside the gate; Ritual Ushers separately escort the Acting Grand Commandant, the Minister over the Masses, and other officials to their places; The Seal-and-Treasure Attendant presents the imperial regalia and sets it out beside the court ensemble, wherever the ground allows. As the Grand Commandant is about to enter, a Ritual Usher leads the Ritual Erudite, who in turn leads the Commissioner of Ritual Protocol; the two stand facing each other before the Great Tent. The Palace Attendant submits a board memorial requesting the inner vigil, and the emperor puts on the great fur robe and coronation regalia. The Palace Attendant announces that outer preparations are complete; the Commissioner of Ritual Protocol kneels and says, "Your servant So-and-so, Commissioner of Ritual Protocol, asks that the Emperor perform the rite," then prostrates himself and rises. (Whenever a memorial is presented, both men kneel, and one announces it.) The curtain is raised and the emperor leaves the tent; the Commissioner of Ritual Protocol leads the way, with canopy, parasol, and fan bearers as in ordinary ceremony. At the western enclosure gate, the Director of the Palace Attendants presents the great scepter; the Commissioner of Ritual Protocol asks the emperor to take it, and the emperor does so. The canopy, parasol, and fans remain outside the gate. Attending officials and the Commissioner of Grand Rites follow the emperor through the gate, and the court ensemble begins to play. He is asked to go to the Small Tent, sets down the scepter, and the music stops. The Commissioner of Ritual Protocol and his party take their places to left and right. After a short interval, the Commissioner of Ritual Protocol announces, "All responsible offices report readiness; we ask that the ceremony begin." The spirit-descent music begins—the six-part suite 《Completion of Heaven》. The Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices leads Prayer Scribes carrying the horse head to the blaze mound, raises the smoke offering, then returns to their places. The Commissioner of Ritual Protocol kneels and asks the emperor to go to the tablet station, then prostrates himself and rises. The emperor leaves the tent, takes up the great scepter as requested, goes to the station, stands facing east, and bows twice. The emperor bows twice; the Master of Ceremonies calls, and all officials complete their double bows; the official bearing the jade and silks kneels, takes them from the basket, and stands at the wine-vessel station. The Commissioner of Ritual Protocol asks that the ceremony proceed. He then leads the way; the court ensemble plays as they enter through the western side gate of the southern enclosure, go to the ablution station, and stand facing north; the music stops. He tucks the great scepter in his belt and washes his hands. The pitcher-bearer pours water from the pitcher; the basin-bearer holds the basin to catch it; the towel-bearer presents the towel and steps forward. After washing and drying his hands, he takes up the great scepter; music begins as he reaches the noon stairway, then stops. He ascends the steps; the elevated hymn begins; he reaches the altar platform, and the music stops. The court ensemble plays 《Music of Reverent Completion》; the Director of the Palace Attendants presents the regalia scepter, (Two Directors of the Palace Attendants attend—one holding the great scepter, the other the regalia scepter.) The Commissioner of Ritual Protocol asks the emperor to tuck the great scepter in his belt, take up the regalia scepter, and go before the seat of August Heaven Supreme Thearch, standing to face north. A palace attendant first lays a colored mat on the ground; the Commissioner of Ritual Protocol asks the emperor to kneel and set the regalia scepter on the mat. The official bearing the jade and silks adds jade to the silks and gives them to the Palace Attendant, who kneels facing west and presents them; the Commissioner of Ritual Protocol asks that the jade and silks be placed. After the placement is complete, the Commissioner of Ritual Protocol asks the emperor to take up the great scepter; he prostrates himself and rises, steps back slightly, and bows twice. The emperor completes his double bow, rises, and stands at ease. A palace attendant takes the regalia scepter and gives it to the Director of the Palace Attendants, then places the colored mat base before the associated spirit seat. The Commissioner of Ritual Protocol leads the way and asks the emperor to go before the seat of Emperor Taizu, stand facing west, and place the regalia scepter and silks in the same manner as before; the music stops. The Commissioner of Ritual Protocol leads the way and asks the emperor to return to the tablet station. The elevated hymn begins; he descends the steps, and the music stops. The court ensemble plays; the Director of the Palace Attendants takes the regalia scepter and colored mat base and gives them to the attendants. The emperor reaches the tablet station, stands facing east, and the music stops. He is asked to return to the Small Tent and set down the great scepter. Prayer Scribes present the fur-and-blood dishes. They ascend the noon stairway to present at the principal seat and the mao stairway to present at the associated seat. Each Grand Sacrificer receives the offerings and places them before the spirit seat; all then withdraw and stand at the wine-vessel station.
9
八曰進饌。 皇帝奠玉幣還位,祝史取毛血豆以降,禮直官引司徒、太官令率齋郎奉饌入自正門,升殿如常儀。 禮儀使跪奏請行禮,俯伏興。 皇帝出次,宮縣樂作。 請執大圭,前導由正門西偏門入,詣盥洗位,北向立,樂止。 搢圭盥手如前儀。 執圭,詣爵洗位,北向立,搢圭。 奉爵官跪取匏爵於篚,以授侍中,侍中以進皇帝,受爵。 執罍官酌水洗爵,執巾官授巾拭爵訖,侍中受之,以授捧爵官。 執圭,樂作,至午陛,樂止; 升階,登歌樂作,至壇上,樂止。 詣正位酒尊所,東向立,搢圭。 捧爵官進爵,皇帝受爵。 司尊者舉冪,侍中贊酌太尊之泛齊。 以爵授捧爵官,執圭。 宮縣樂作,奏《明成之曲》。 請詣昊天上帝神座前北向立,搢圭跪,三上香,侍中以爵跪進皇帝。 執爵,三祭酒,以爵授侍中。 太官丞註馬湩於爵,以授侍中,侍中跪進皇帝。 執爵,亦三祭之, 〈(今有蒲萄酒與尚醞馬湩各祭一爵,為三爵。)〉 以爵授侍中,執圭,俯伏興,少退立。 讀祝,舉祝官搢笏跪舉祝冊,讀祝官西向跪讀祝文,讀訖,俯伏興。 舉祝官奠祝於案,奏請再拜。 皇帝再拜興,平立。 請詣配位酒尊所,西向立。 司尊者舉冪,侍中贊酌著尊之泛齊。 以爵授捧爵官,執圭。 請詣太祖皇帝神位前西向立。 宮縣樂作。 侍中贊搢圭跪、三上香、三祭酒及馬湩訖,贊執圭,俯伏興,少退立。 舉祝官舉祝,讀祝官北向跪讀祝文,讀訖,俯伏興。 奠祝版訖,奏請再拜。 皇帝再拜興,平立。 樂止。 請詣飲福位北向立,登歌樂作。 太祝各以爵酌上尊福酒,合置一爵以授侍中,侍中西向以進。 禮儀使奏請再拜,皇帝再拜興。 奏請搢圭、跪受爵。 祭酒啐酒以爵授侍中,侍中再以溫酒跪進。 禮儀使奏請受爵。 皇帝飲福酒訖,侍中受虛爵興,以授太祝。 太祝又減神前胙肉加於俎,以授司徒。 司徒以俎西向跪進皇帝,受以授左右。 奏請執圭,俯伏興,平立,少退。 奏請再拜,皇帝再拜訖,樂止。 禮儀使前導,還版位。 登歌樂作,降自午陛,樂止。 宮縣樂作,至位,東向立,樂止。 請還小次,至次釋圭。 文舞退,武舞進,宮縣樂作,奏《和成之曲》,樂止。 禮直官引亞終獻官升自卯陛,行禮如常儀,惟不讀祝,皆飲福而無胙俎。 降自卯陛,復位。 禮直官贊太祝徹籩豆。 登歌樂作,奏《寧成之曲》,卒徹,樂止。 奉禮贊賜胙,眾官再拜,在位者皆再拜。 禮儀使奏請詣版位,出次執圭,至位東向立,再拜。 皇帝再拜。 奉禮贊曰「再拜」,贊者承傳「在位者皆再拜」。 送神樂作,《天成之曲》一成,止。 禮儀使奏禮畢,遂前導皇帝還大次。 宮縣樂作,出門樂止,至大次釋圭。
The eighth section is presentation of offerings. After the emperor has placed the jade and silks and returned to his station, Prayer Scribes take the fur-and-blood dishes and descend; a Ritual Usher leads the Minister over the Masses and the Director of the Imperial Kitchen, who lead Purification Attendants carrying the offerings in through the main gate and up onto the altar as in ordinary ceremony. The Commissioner of Ritual Protocol kneels and asks that the rite proceed, then prostrates himself and rises. The emperor leaves the tent, and the court ensemble begins to play. He is asked to take up the great scepter; his guide leads him in through the western side gate of the main gate to the ablution station, where he stands facing north; the music stops. He tucks the scepter in his belt and washes his hands as before. He takes up the scepter, goes to the goblet-washing station, stands facing north, and tucks the scepter in his belt. The goblet-bearer kneels, takes the gourd goblet from the basket, and gives it to the Palace Attendant, who presents it to the emperor; the emperor receives the goblet. The jar-bearer pours water to rinse the goblet; the towel-bearer presents a towel to wipe it dry; the Palace Attendant then receives the goblet and gives it to the goblet-bearer. He takes up the scepter; music begins as he reaches the noon stairway, then stops; He ascends the steps; the elevated hymn begins; he reaches the altar platform, and the music stops. He goes to the wine-vessel station of the principal seat, stands facing east, and tucks the scepter in his belt. The goblet-bearer presents the goblet, and the emperor receives it. The Libation Vessel Director lifts the cover; the Palace Attendant announces the pouring of diluted sacrificial wine from the Grand Libation Vessel. He gives the goblet to the goblet-bearer and takes up the scepter. The court ensemble plays 《Bright Completion》. He is asked to go before the seat of August Heaven Supreme Thearch, stand facing north, tuck the scepter in his belt, kneel, and offer incense three times; the Palace Attendant kneels and presents the goblet to the emperor. He takes the goblet, pours the libation three times, and gives the goblet to the Palace Attendant. The Vice Director of the Imperial Kitchen fills the goblet with fermented mare's milk and gives it to the Palace Attendant, who kneels and presents it to the emperor. He takes the goblet and again pours the libation three times, (At present grape wine and kumiss from the Imperial Fermented Beverages Office are each libated once, for three libations in all.) He gives the goblet to the Palace Attendant, takes up the scepter, prostrates himself and rises, steps back slightly, and stands. The prayer is read; the official who holds the prayer tablet inserts his tablet, kneels, and raises the prayer document; the Prayer-Reading Official kneels facing west and reads the prayer text; when he finishes, he prostrates himself and rises. The official who holds the prayer tablet sets the prayer on the table and asks that the emperor bow twice. The emperor completes his double bow, rises, and stands at ease. He is asked to go to the wine-vessel station of the associated seat and stand facing west. The Libation Vessel Director lifts the cover; the Palace Attendant announces the pouring of diluted sacrificial wine from the Secondary Libation Vessel. He gives the goblet to the goblet-bearer and takes up the scepter. He is asked to go before the seat of Emperor Taizu and stand facing west. The court ensemble begins to play. The Palace Attendant calls for tucking the scepter in the belt and kneeling, offering incense three times, pouring the libation three times and kumiss; when this is done, he calls for taking up the scepter; the emperor prostrates himself and rises, steps back slightly, and stands. The official who holds the prayer tablet raises the prayer; the Prayer-Reading Official kneels facing north and reads the prayer text; when he finishes, he prostrates himself and rises. After the prayer board is set in place, he asks that the emperor bow twice. The emperor completes his double bow, rises, and stands at ease. The music stops. He is asked to go to the blessing-drinking station and stand facing north; the elevated hymn begins. Each Grand Sacrificer pours blessing wine from the superior libation vessel into a goblet, combines them into one goblet, and gives it to the Palace Attendant, who presents it facing west. The Commissioner of Ritual Protocol asks the emperor to bow twice; the emperor bows twice and rises. He asks the emperor to tuck the scepter in his belt and kneel to receive the goblet. He pours a libation and sips the wine, then gives the goblet to the Palace Attendant, who kneels and presents warmed wine. The Commissioner of Ritual Protocol asks the emperor to receive the goblet. After the emperor has drunk the blessing wine, the Palace Attendant takes the empty goblet, rises, and gives it to the Grand Sacrificer. The Grand Sacrificer also cuts sacrificial meat from before the spirit seat, places it on the stand, and gives it to the Minister over the Masses. The Minister over the Masses kneels facing west and presents the stand to the emperor, who receives it and passes it to attendants on either side. He asks the emperor to take up the scepter; the emperor prostrates himself and rises, stands at ease, and steps back slightly. He asks the emperor to bow twice; when the emperor has finished bowing, the music stops. The Commissioner of Ritual Protocol leads the way back to the tablet station. The elevated hymn begins; he descends the noon stairway, and the music stops. The court ensemble plays; he reaches his station, stands facing east, and the music stops. He is asked to return to the Small Tent and, upon arrival, sets down the scepter. The civil dancers withdraw and the martial dancers enter; the court ensemble plays 《Harmonious Completion》, then stops. A Ritual Usher leads the secondary and final offering officials up the mao stairway; they perform the rite as usual, except they do not read the prayer—all receive blessing wine but are given no sacrificial meat stand. They descend the mao stairway and return to their places. The Ritual Usher calls for the Grand Sacrificers to remove the platters and stands. The elevated hymn begins with 《Peaceful Completion》; when the removal is complete, the music stops. The Master of Ceremonies calls for the presentation of sacrificial meat; all officials bow twice, and all those present do likewise. The Commissioner of Ritual Protocol asks the emperor to go to the tablet station; leaving the tent he takes up the scepter, reaches the station and stands facing east, and bows twice. The emperor bows twice. The Master of Ceremonies calls, "Bow twice"; the herald relays, "All those present bow twice." The spirit-dispatch music begins—the first movement of 《Completion of Heaven》—then stops. The Commissioner of Ritual Protocol announces that the rite is complete and leads the emperor back to the Great Tent. The court ensemble plays; the music stops as he passes through the gate; at the Great Tent he sets down the scepter.
10
九曰望燎。 皇帝既還大次,禮直官引攝太尉以下監祭禮詣望燎位,太祝各捧篚詣神位前,進取燔玉、祝幣、牲俎並黍稷、飯籩、爵酒,各由其陛降詣燎壇,以祝幣、饌物置柴上,禮直官贊「可燎半柴」,又贊「禮畢」,攝太尉以下皆出。 禮直官引監祭禮、祝史、太祝以下從壇南,北向立定,奉禮贊曰「再拜」,監祭禮以下皆再拜訖,遂出。
The ninth section is the blaze-gazing rite. After the emperor has returned to the Great Tent, a Ritual Usher leads the Acting Grand Commandant, Sacrifice Ritual Overseers, and their party to the blaze-gazing station. Each Grand Sacrificer carries a basket to the spirit seat, collects the jade for the fire offering, prayer silks, sacrificial meat stand, millet and glutinous grain, rice dishes, and goblet wine, descends by the assigned stairway to the fire mound, and places the prayer silks and offerings on the firewood. The Ritual Usher calls, "Burn half the firewood"; then calls, "The rite is complete." The Acting Grand Commandant and all below withdraw. A Ritual Usher leads the Sacrifice Ritual Overseer, Prayer Scribes, Grand Sacrificers, and others from the south side of the mound to stand facing north. The Master of Ceremonies calls, "Bow twice"; the Sacrifice Ritual Overseer and all below finish bowing twice and then withdraw.
11
十曰車駕還宮。 皇帝既還大次,侍中奏請解嚴。 皇帝釋袞冕,停大次。 五刻頃,所司備法駕,序立於欞星門外,以北為上。 侍中版奏請中嚴,皇帝改服通天冠、絳紗袍。 少頃,侍中版奏外辦,皇帝出次升輿,導駕官前導,華蓋傘扇如常儀。 至欞星門外,太僕卿進御馬如式。 侍中前奏請皇帝降輿乘馬訖,太僕卿執禦,門下侍郎奏請車駕進發,俯伏興退。 車駕動,稱警蹕。 至欞星門外,門下侍郎跪奏曰:「請權停,敕眾官上馬。」 侍中承旨曰「制可」,門下侍郎傳制,贊者承傳。 眾官上馬畢,導駕官及華蓋傘扇分左右前導。 門下侍郎跪請車駕進發,俯伏興。 車駕動,稱警蹕。 教坊樂鼓吹振作。 駕至崇天門欞星門外,門下侍郎跪奏曰「請權停,敕眾官下馬」,侍中承旨曰「制可」,門下侍郎俯仗興,退傳制,贊者承傳。 眾官下馬畢,左右前引入內,與儀仗倒卷而北駐立。 駕入崇天門至大明門外,降馬升輿以入。 駕既入,通事舍人承旨敕眾官皆退,宿衛官率衛士宿衛如式。
The tenth section is the imperial procession's return to the palace. After the emperor has returned to the Great Tent, the Palace Attendant asks that the vigil be relaxed. The emperor removes his coronation robes and regalia and remains in the Great Tent. After roughly five quarter-hours, the responsible offices ready the imperial procession escort and take their places in order outside the Lattice Star Gate, with the north as the place of honor. The Palace Attendant submits a board memorial requesting the inner vigil; the emperor changes into the Tongtian crown and crimson gauze robe. Shortly after, the Palace Attendant announces that outer preparations are complete; the emperor leaves the tent and mounts the carriage; the guides lead the way, with canopy, parasol, and fan bearers as in ordinary ceremony. At the Lattice Star Gate, the Minister of the Imperial Stud presents the imperial horse as prescribed. The Palace Attendant advances to ask the emperor to dismount from the carriage and take his horse; the Minister of the Imperial Stud holds the bridle; the Vice Director asks that the procession depart, then prostrates himself, rises, and withdraws. The imperial procession sets out, and the road-clearance cry is sounded. At the Lattice Star Gate, the Vice Director kneels and says: "We ask for a brief halt; order all officials to mount." The Palace Attendant receives the edict and announces, "So ordered"; the Vice Director relays the decree; the herald repeats it. After all officials have mounted, the guides together with canopy and parasol bearers lead on either side. The Vice Director kneels to request departure, then prostrates himself and rises. The imperial procession sets out, and the road-clearance cry is sounded. The Music Office band, drums, and horns strike up. When the procession reaches the Chongtian Gate and Lattice Star Gate, the Vice Director kneels and asks for a brief halt and orders all officials to dismount; the Palace Attendant receives the edict and announces, "So ordered"; the Vice Director prostrates himself and rises, withdraws to relay the decree; the herald repeats it. After all officials have dismounted, they are led in from left and right; together with the ceremonial guards they withdraw northward in reverse order and take their places. The procession enters through the Chongtian Gate to outside the Daming Gate; the emperor dismounts and re-enters in the carriage. Once inside, the Herald of Affairs receives the edict ordering all officials to withdraw; the palace guards post their watch as prescribed.
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攝祀之儀,其目有九:
The ceremonial procedures for a substituted sacrifice are organized into nine sections:
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一曰齋戒。 祀前五日質明,奉禮郎率儀鸞局,設獻官諸執事版位於中書省。 獻官諸執事位俱藉以席,仍加紫綾褥。 初獻攝太尉設位於前堂階上,稍西,東南向。 監察御史二位,一位在甬道上,西稍北,東向; 一位在甬道上,東稍北,西向。 監禮博士二位,各次御史,以北為上。 次亞獻官、終獻官、攝司徒位於其南。 次助奠官,次太常太卿、太常卿、光祿卿,次太史令、禮部尚書、刑部尚書,次奉璧官、奉幣官、讀祝官、太常少卿、拱衛直都指揮使,次太常丞、光祿丞、太官令、良醞令、司尊罍,次廩犧令、舉祝官、奉爵官,次太官丞、盥洗官、爵洗官、巾篚官,次翦燭官,次與祭官。 其禮直官分直於左右,東西相向。 西設版位四列,皆北向,以東為上:郊祀令、太樂令、太祝、祝史,次齋郎。 東設版位四列,皆北向,以西為上:郊祀丞、太樂丞、協律郎、奉禮郎,次齋郎、司天生。 禮直官引獻官諸執事各就位。 獻官諸執事俱公服,五品以上就服其服,六品以下皆借紫服。 禮直局管勾進立於太尉之右,宣讀誓文曰:「某年某月某日,祀昊天上帝於圜丘,各揚其職,其或不敬,國有常刑。」 散齋三日宿於正寢,致齋二日於祀所。 散齋日治事如故,不吊喪問疾,不作樂,不判署刑殺文字,不決罰罪人,不與穢惡事。 致齋日惟祀事得行,其餘悉禁。 凡與祀之官已齋而闕者,通攝行事。 讀畢,稍前唱曰「七品以下官先退」,復贊曰「對拜」,太尉與余官皆再拜乃退。 凡與祭者,致齋之宿,官給酒饌。 守壝門兵衛及太樂工人,皆清齋一宿。
The first section is purification and fasting. At daybreak five days before the rite, the Master of Ceremonies leads the Ceremonial Guard Bureau in setting tablet stations for offering officials and all attendants at the Secretariat. The stations for offering officials and attendants are all spread with mats and topped with purple silk cushions. The Acting Grand Commandant, as first offering official, is stationed on the front hall steps, slightly to the west, facing southeast. Two Investigating Censors—one on the central walk, slightly north on the west side, facing east; one on the central walk, slightly north on the east side, facing west. Two Ritual Supervision Erudites, each beside a censor, with the north as the place of honor. South of these are the stations for the secondary offering official, final offering official, and Acting Minister over the Masses. Then come the assisting offerers; then the Grand Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, and Director of the Imperial Household; then the Director of the Astrological Service, Minister of Rites, and Minister of Justice; then the jade-bearer, silk-bearer, prayer-reader, Vice Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, and Commander of the Palace Guard Direct Command; then the Vice Directors of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and Imperial Household, the Directors of the Imperial Kitchen, Fine Wine, and Ritual Vessels and Libations; then the Director of Sacrificial Animals, Prayer-Holding Official, and Goblet-Bearer; then the Vice Director of the Imperial Kitchen and the ablution, goblet-washing, and basket-and-towel officials; then the Candle-Trimming Official; and finally the Sacrifice-Attending Officials. Ritual Ushers are posted on left and right in separate watches, facing one another east and west. On the west, four ranks of tablet stations are set, all facing north with the east as the place of honor: the Director of Suburban Sacrifice, Director of the Great Music Office, Grand Sacrificer, and Prayer Scribe, then the Purification Attendants. On the east, four ranks of tablet stations are set, all facing north with the west as the place of honor: the Vice Director of Suburban Sacrifice, Vice Director of the Great Music Office, Pitch-Pipe Master, and Master of Ceremonies, then the Purification Attendants and Director of the Bureau of Celestial Music. Ritual Ushers escort the offering officials and all attendants to their assigned places. Offering officials and attendants all wear court dress; those of fifth rank and above wear their own robes, while those of sixth rank and below all borrow purple robes. The supervising clerk of the Ritual Directorship steps forward and stands to the Grand Commandant's right, reading the oath aloud: "On such-and-such year, month, and day, when sacrificing to August Heaven Supreme Thearch at the Circular Mound, each shall perform his duty; if any is not reverent, the state has fixed punishments." During three days of preliminary purification they lodge in the principal quarters; during two days of rigorous purification they lodge at the sacrifice site. On days of preliminary purification they carry on ordinary business, but do not pay condolence calls or inquire after the sick, make music, approve documents on punishments and executions, pass judgment on offenders, or engage in anything foul or unclean. On days of rigorous purification only sacrificial business is permitted; everything else is forbidden. Whenever an official assigned to the sacrifice has begun purification but is absent, another shall substitute for him in performing the rite. When the reading is finished, he steps forward slightly and calls, "Officials of seventh rank and below withdraw first"; then calls, "Bow facing one another"; the Grand Commandant and the remaining officials all bow twice and withdraw. All who attend the sacrifice receive wine and food from the state on the night of rigorous purification. The troops guarding the ritual enclosure gates and the musicians of the Great Music Office all keep a single night of strict purification.
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二曰告配。 祀前二日,初獻官與太常禮儀院官恭詣太廟,奏告太祖皇帝本室,即還齋次。
The second section is announcement to the associated spirit. Two days before the rite, the first offering official and officials of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and the Ritual Protocol Office proceed reverently to the Imperial Ancestral Temple, announce the sacrifice at the principal shrine of Emperor Taizu, and immediately return to the purification quarters.
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三曰迎香。 祝祀前二日,翰林學士赴禮部書寫祝文,太常禮儀院官亦會焉。 書畢於公廨嚴潔安置。 祀前一日質明,獻官以下諸執事皆公服,禮部尚書率其屬捧祝版,同太常禮儀院官俱詣闕廷,以祝版授太尉,進請禦署訖,同香酒迎出崇天門外。 香置於輿,祝置香案,禦酒置輦樓,俱用金復覆之。 太尉以下官比上馬,清道官率京官行於儀衛之先,兵馬司巡兵執矛幟夾道次之,金鼓又次之,京尹儀從左右成列前導,諸執事官東西二班行於儀仗之外,次儀鳳司奏樂,禮部官點視成列,太常禮儀院官導於香輿之前,然後控鶴舁輿案行,太尉等官從行至祀所。 輿案由南欞星門入,諸執事官由左右偏門入,奉安禦香、祝版於香殿。
The third section is receiving the incense. Two days before the rite, Hanlin Academicians go to the Ministry of Rites to write out the prayer text, and officials of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and the Ritual Protocol Office assemble there as well. When the writing is finished, the text is placed with due solemnity and cleanliness in the public office. At daybreak on the eve of the sacrifice, offering officials and all attendants below wear court dress; the Minister of Rites leads his staff bearing the prayer board, and together with officials of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and the Ritual Protocol Office proceeds to the palace court, gives the prayer board to the Grand Commandant, and requests the imperial signature; when this is done, they escort the incense and wine out beyond the Chongtian Gate. The incense is placed in the carriage, the prayer on the incense table, and the imperial wine on the carriage pavilion—all covered with gold brocade. Officials from the Grand Commandant downward mount in turn; the Road-Clearing Official leads capital officials ahead of the ceremonial guard; patrol soldiers of the Horse-and-Arms Bureau follow with spears and banners lining the road; gold drums and horns come next; the capital magistrate's escort forms ranks on either side to lead the way; attending officials march in two ranks east and west outside the ceremonial guard; the Ceremonial Phoenix Bureau plays music; Ministry of Rites officials inspect the formation; officials of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and the Ritual Protocol Office guide before the incense carriage; then the Crane Controllers bear the carriage and table forward; the Grand Commandant and other officials follow to the sacrifice site. The carriage and table enter through the southern Lattice Star Gate; attending officials enter through the left and right side gates; the imperial incense and prayer board are installed in the Incense Hall.
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四曰陳設。 祀前三日,樞密院設兵衛各具器服守衛壝門,每門兵官二員,及外垣東西南欞星門外,設蹕街清路諸軍,諸軍旗服,各隨其方色。 去壇二百步,禁止行人。 祀前一日,郊祀令率其屬掃除壇上下。 大樂令率其屬設登歌樂於壇上,稍南,北向。 編磬一虡在西,編鐘一虡在東。 擊鐘磬者,皆有坐杌。 大樂令位在鐘虡東,西向。 協律郎位在磬虡西,東向。 執麾者立於後。 一,在鐘虡北,稍東。 一,在磬虡北,稍西。 搏拊二,一在北,一在北。 歌工八人,分列於午陛左右,東西相向坐,以北為上,凡坐者皆藉以席加氈。 琴一弦、三弦、五弦、七弦、九弦者各二,瑟四,籥二,篪二,笛二,簫二,巢笙四,和笙四,閏余匏一,九曜匏一,七星匏一,塤二,各分立於午陛東西樂榻上。 琴瑟者分列於北,皆北向坐; 匏竹者分立於琴瑟之後,為二列重行,皆北向相對為首。 又設圜宮懸樂於壇南,內壝南門之外。 東方西方,編磬起北,編鐘次之。 南方北方,編磬起西,編鐘次之。 又設十二镈鐘於編懸之間,各依辰位。 每辰編磬在左,編鐘在右,謂之一肆。 每面三辰,共九架,四面三十六架。 設晉鼓於懸內通街之東,稍南,北向。 置雷鼓、單鼗、雙鼗各二柄於北懸之內,通街之左右,植四楹雷鼓於四隅,皆左鼙右應。 北懸之內,歌工四列。 內二列在通街之東,二列於通街之西。 每列八人,共三十二人,東西相向立,以北為上。 一在東,一在西,皆在歌工之南。 大樂丞位在北懸之外,通街之東,西向。 協律郎位於通街之西,東向。 執麾者立於後,舉節樂正立於東,副正立於西,並在歌工之北。 樂師二員,對立於歌工之南。 運譜二人,對立於樂師之南。 照燭二人,對立於運譜之南,祀日分立於壇之上下,掌樂作樂止之標準。 琴二十七,設於東西懸內:一弦者三,東一,西二,俱為第一列; 三弦、五弦、七弦、九弦者各六,東西各四列,每列三人,皆北向坐。 瑟十二,東西各六,共為列,在琴之後坐。 巢笙十、簫十、閏余匏一在東,七星匏一、九曜匏一,皆在竽笙之側。 竽笙十、籥十、篪十、塤八、笛十,每色為一列,各分立於通街之東西,皆北向,又設文舞位於北懸之前,植四表於通街之東,舞位行綴之間。 導文舞執衙仗舞師二員,執旌二人,分立於舞者行綴之外。 舞者八佾,每佾八人,共六十四人,左手執籥,右手秉翟,各分四佾,立於通街之東西,皆北向。 又設武舞,俟立位於東西縣外。 導武舞執衙仗舞師二員,執纛二人,執器二十人,內單鼗二、單鐸二、雙鐸二、金鐃二、鉦二、金錞二,執扃者四人,扶錞二、相鼓二、雅鼓二,分立於東西縣外。 舞者如文舞之數,左手執幹,右手執戚,各分四佾,立於執器之外。 俟文舞自外退,則武舞自內進,就立文舞之位,惟執器者分立於舞人之外。 文舞亦退於武舞俟立之位。 太史令、郊祀令各公服,率其屬升設昊天上帝神座於壇上,北方,南向; 席以槁稭,加褥座,置璧於繅藉,設幣於篚,置酌尊所。 皇地祇神座,壇上稍東,北方,南向; 席以槁稭,加褥座,置玉於繅藉,設幣於篚,置酌尊所。 配位神座,壇上東方,西向; 席以蒲越,加褥座,置璧於繅藉,設幣於篚,置酌尊所。 設五方五帝、日、月、天皇大帝、北極等九位,在壇之第一等; 席以莞,各設玉幣於神座前。 設內官五十四位於圜壇第二等,設中官一百五十九位於圜壇第三等,設外官一百六位於內壝內,設眾星三百六十位於內壝外,席皆以莞,各設青幣於神座之首,皆內向。 候告潔畢,權徹第一等玉幣,至祀日醜前重設。 執事者實柴於燎壇,仍設葦炬於東西。 執炬者東西各二人,皆紫服。 奉禮郎率儀鸞局,設獻官以下及諸執事官版位,設三獻官版位於內壝西門之外道南,東向,以北為上。 次助奠位稍卻,次第一等至第三等分獻官,第四等、第五等分奠官,次郊祀令、太官令、良醞令、廩犧令、司尊罍,次郊祀丞、讀祝官、舉祝官、奉璧官、奉幣官、奉爵官、太祝、盥洗官、爵洗官、巾篚官、祝史,次齋郎,位於其後。 每等異位重行,俱東向,北上。 攝司徒位於內壝東門之外道南,與亞獻相對。 次太常禮儀使、光祿卿、同知太常禮儀院事、太史令、分獻分奠官、僉太常禮儀院事、拱衛直都指揮使、太常禮儀院同僉院判、光祿丞,位於其南,皆西向,北上。 監察御史二位,一位在內壝西門之外道北,東向; 一位在內壝東門之外道北,西向。 博士二位,各次御史,以北為上。 設奉禮郎位於壇上稍南,午陛之東,西向; 司尊罍位於尊所,北向。 又設望燎位於燎壇之北,南向。 設牲榜於外壝東門之外,稍南,西向; 太祝、祝史位於牲後,俱西向。 設省牲位於牲北,太常禮儀使、光祿卿、太官令、光祿丞、太官丞位於其北,太官令以下位皆少卻。 監祭、監禮位在太常禮儀使之西,稍卻,南向。 廩犧令位於牲西南,北向。 又設省饌位於牲位之北,饌殿之南。 太常禮儀使、光祿卿丞、太官令丞位在東,西向; 監祭、監禮位在西,東向; 俱北上。 祠祭局設正配三位,各左十有二籩,右十有二豆,俱為四行。 登三,铏三,簠、簋各二,在籩豆間。 登居神前,铏又居前,簠左、簋右,居铏前,皆藉以席。 設牲首俎一,居中; 牛羊豕俎七,次之。 香案一,沙池、爵坫各一,居俎前。 祝案一,設於神座之右。 又設天地二位各太尊二、著尊二、犧尊二、山罍二於壇上東南,俱北向,西上。 又設配位著尊二、犧尊二、象尊二、山罍二,在二尊所之東,皆有坫,加勺冪,惟玄酒有冪無勺,以北為上。 馬湩三器,各設於尊所之首,加冪勺。 又設玉幣篚二於尊所西,以北為上。 又設正位象尊二、壺尊二、山罍四於壇下午陛之西。 又設地祇尊罍,與正位同,於午陛之東,皆北向,西上。 又設配位犧尊二、壺尊二、山罍四在酉陛之北,東向,北上,皆有坫、冪,不加勺,設而不酌。 又設第一等九位各左八籩,右八豆,登一,在籩豆間,簠、簋各一,在登前,俎一,爵、坫各一,在簠、簋前。 每位太尊二、著尊二,於神之左,皆有坫,加勺、冪,沙池、玉幣篚各一。 又設第二等諸神每位籩二,豆二,簠、簋各一,登一,俎一,於神座前。 每陛間象尊二,爵、坫、沙池、幣篚各一,於神中央之座首。 又設第三等諸神,每位籩、豆、簠、簋各一,俎一,於神座前。 每陛間設壺尊一,爵尊二,爵、坫、沙池、幣篚各一,於神中央之座首。 又設內壝內諸神,每位籩、豆各一,簠、簋各一,於神座前。 每道間概尊二,爵、坫、沙池、幣篚各一,於神中央之座首。 又設內壝外眾星三百六十位,每位籩、豆、簠、簋、俎各一,於神座前。 每道間散尊二,爵、坫、沙池、幣篚各一,於神中央之座前。 自第一等以下,皆用匏爵洗滌訖,置於坫上。 又設正配位各籩一,豆一,簠一,簋一,俎四,及毛血豆各一,牲首盤一。 並第一等神位,每位俎二,於饌殿內。 又設盥洗、爵洗於壇下,卯階之東,北向,罍在洗東加勺,篚在洗西南肆,實以巾,爵洗之篚實以匏,爵加坫。 又設第一等分獻官盥洗、爵洗位,第二等以下分獻官盥洗位,各於陛道之左,罍在洗左,篚在洗右,俱內向。 凡司尊罍篚位,各於其後。
The fourth section is arrangement of furnishings. Three days before the rite, the Privy Council posts military guards in full arms and regalia at the enclosure gates, with two officers at each gate, and stations troops outside the eastern, southern, and western Lattice Star Gates of the outer wall to clear the streets; each unit's banners and dress match the color of its assigned direction. Pedestrians are barred within two hundred paces of the altar. On the eve of the sacrifice, the Director of Suburban Sacrifice leads his staff in cleaning the altar platform above and below. The Director of the Great Music Office leads his staff in setting up the elevated hymn musicians on the altar, slightly to the south and facing north. One frame of paired stone chimes stands in the west, and one frame of bells in the east. Those who strike the bells and chimes all have stools to sit on. The Director of the Great Music Office is stationed east of the bell frame, facing west. The Pitch-Pipe Master is stationed west of the stone chime frame, facing east. Banner-bearers stand behind. One stands north of the bell frame, slightly to the east. One stands north of the stone chime frame, slightly to the west. Two clappers—one in the north, one in the north. Eight singers are arrayed to left and right of the noon stairway, seated facing one another east and west, with the north as the place of honor; all who sit are spread with mats topped with felt. Two each of one-, three-, five-, seven-, and nine-string zithers; four se; two yue flutes; two chi; two di; two xiao; four nest sheng; four he sheng; one intercalary gourd pipe, one Nine Luminaries gourd pipe, and one Seven Stars gourd pipe; and two xun—all set separately on the music couches east and west of the noon stairway. The zithers and se are arrayed separately in the north, all seated facing north; the gourd and bamboo instruments stand behind the zithers and se in two double ranks, all facing north with heads opposite one another. The circular palace suspended orchestra is also set south of the altar, outside the inner enclosure's southern gate. On the east and west, paired stone chimes begin from the north, with bell chimes next. On the south and north, paired stone chimes begin from the west, with bell chimes next. Twelve bo bells are also set among the suspended chime sets, each placed according to its celestial station. At each station the paired stone chimes stand on the left and the bell chimes on the right—called one disposition. Each side has three stations, nine frames in all; on all four sides, thirty-six frames. The Jin drum is set east of the central street within the suspended ensemble, slightly to the south and facing north. Thunder drums, single hand drums, and double hand drums, two of each, are placed within the northern suspended ensemble on either side of the central street; four pillar-mounted thunder drums stand at the four corners—all with the pi drum on the left and the ying drum on the right. Within the northern suspended ensemble are four ranks of singers. Two inner ranks stand east of the central street, and two ranks west of it. Eight persons in each rank, thirty-two in all, standing facing one another east and west, with the north as the place of honor. One stands in the east, one in the west—all south of the singers. The Vice Director of the Great Music Office is stationed outside the northern suspended ensemble, east of the central street, facing west. The Pitch-Pipe Master is stationed west of the central street, facing east. Banner-bearers stand behind; the chief conductor with the baton stands in the east and the assistant chief in the west—both north of the singers. Two music masters stand opposite one another south of the singers. Two score keepers stand opposite one another south of the music masters. Two torchbearers stand opposite one another south of the score keepers; on the day of the rite they take separate posts above and below the altar, regulating when the music begins and ends. Twenty-seven zithers are placed within the eastern and western suspended ensembles: three one-string zithers—one in the east, two in the west—all in the first rank; Six each of three-, five-, seven-, and nine-string zithers stand in four ranks east and four west, three players per rank, all seated facing north. Twelve se, six in the east and six in the west, form their ranks and sit behind the zithers. Ten nest sheng, ten xiao, and one intercalary gourd pipe stand in the east; one Seven Stars gourd pipe and one Nine Luminaries gourd pipe—all beside the yu sheng. Ten yu sheng, ten yue flutes, ten chi, eight xun, and ten di—each type in its own rank—stand separately east and west of the central street, all facing north; civil-dance stations are also set before the northern suspended ensemble, with four marker poles planted east of the central street between the dance ranks. Two civil-dance masters bearing ceremonial staffs to lead the dance, and two banner-bearers, stand apart outside the dancers' ranks. The dancers form eight companies of eight—sixty-four in all—holding yue flutes in the left hand and pheasant feathers in the right; divided into four companies on each side, they stand east and west of the central street, all facing north. The martial dance is also arranged, with waiting stations outside the eastern and western suspended ensembles. Two martial-dance masters with ceremonial staffs, two standard-bearers, and twenty instrument-bearers—including two single hand drums, two single bells, two paired bells, two metal nao, two zheng, two metal chun, four frame-clapper bearers, two chun supporters, two phase drums, and two ya drums—stand apart outside the eastern and western suspended ensembles. The dancers match the civil-dance count—shields in the left hand, battle-axes in the right—four companies on each side, standing outside the instrument-bearers. When the civil dance withdraws from the outer station, the martial dance advances from within and takes the civil dancers' places; only the instrument-bearers remain standing apart outside the dancers. The civil dance likewise withdraws to the martial dance's waiting stations. The Director of the Astrological Service and the Director of Suburban Sacrifice, both in court dress, lead their staffs up the altar to set the seat of August Heaven, Supreme Thearch, in the north of the platform, facing south; A straw mat forms the base, with cushion and throne placed upon it; the bi disk is laid on its silk wrapping, silks are set in baskets, and the wine-vessel station is prepared. The seat of the Imperial Earth Spirit is set slightly east on the altar, in the north and facing south; A straw mat forms the base, with cushion and throne placed upon it; jade is laid on its silk wrapping, silks are set in baskets, and the wine-vessel station is prepared. The associated spirit's seat is set in the east of the platform, facing west; A rush mat forms the base, with cushion and throne placed upon it; the bi disk is laid on its silk wrapping, silks are set in baskets, and the wine-vessel station is prepared. Nine seats—the Five Directional Emperors, Sun, Moon, Celestial Thearch, North Pole, and the rest—are set on the altar's first tier; Cattail mats serve as seats, and jade silks are placed before each spirit seat. Fifty-four inner-official seats are placed on the round altar's second tier, one hundred fifty-nine middle-official seats on the third tier, one hundred six outer-official seats within the inner enclosure, and three hundred sixty star seats outside the inner enclosure—all on cattail mats, each with green silks at the head of the spirit seat, all facing inward. After the announcement that all is ready and pure, the first-tier jade silks are temporarily removed and set out again before the chou hour on the day of the rite. Attendants load firewood onto the blaze mound and set out reed torches east and west. Two torch-bearers stand east and two west, all in purple robes. The Master of Ceremonies leads the Ceremonial Guard Bureau in setting tablet stations for offering officials and all attendants below them, and places the three offering officials' stations south of the road outside the inner enclosure's western gate, facing east with the north as the place of honor. Behind them come the assisting-offering stations, set slightly back; then separate-offering officials for the first through third tiers and separate-presentation officials for the fourth and fifth tiers; then the Directors of Suburban Sacrifice, the Imperial Kitchen, Fine Wine, Imperial Victims, and Ritual Vessels; then the Vice Director of Suburban Sacrifice, Prayer-Reading Official, Prayer-Holding Official, officials bearing the bi, silks, and goblets, the Grand Sacrificer, hand-washing and goblet-washing officials, the cloth-and-basket official, and Prayer Scribes; and finally the Purification Attendants. Each tier occupies separate double ranks, all facing east with the north as the place of honor. The Acting Minister over the Masses is stationed south of the road outside the inner enclosure's eastern gate, facing the secondary offering official. South of them stand the Commissioner of Ritual Protocol, Director of the Imperial Household, Associate Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and Ritual Protocol Office, Director of the Astrological Service, separate-offering and separate-presentation officials, Administrative Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and Ritual Protocol Office, Commander-in-Chief of the Direct Imperial Guard, Associate Administrative Judge of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and Ritual Protocol Office, and Vice Director of the Imperial Household—all facing west with the north as the place of honor. Two Investigating Censors—one north of the road outside the inner enclosure's western gate, facing east; The other north of the road outside the inner enclosure's eastern gate, facing west. Two Erudites, each beside a censor, with the north as the place of honor. The Master of Ceremonies is stationed slightly south on the altar, east of the noon stairway, facing west; The Director of Ritual Vessels stands at the wine-vessel station, facing north. An outlook-blaze station is also set north of the blaze mound, facing south. The victim placard is set outside the outer enclosure's eastern gate, slightly to the south and facing west; The Grand Sacrificer and Prayer Scribes stand behind the victims, all facing west. The victim-inspection station is set north of the animals; the Commissioner of Ritual Protocol, Director of the Imperial Household, Director of the Imperial Kitchen, and their vice directors stand north of it—the Director of the Imperial Kitchen and those below are placed slightly back. The Sacrifice Overseer and Ritual Overseer stand west of the Commissioner of Ritual Protocol, slightly back and facing south. The Director of Imperial Victims is stationed southwest of the victims, facing north. An offering-inspection station is also set north of the victims and south of the offering hall. The Commissioner of Ritual Protocol and the vice directors of the Imperial Household and Imperial Kitchen stand in the east, facing west; The Sacrifice Overseer and Ritual Overseer stand in the west, facing east; All with the north as the place of honor. The Sacrificial Offerings Bureau arranges the three principal and associated seats, each with twelve platters on the left and twelve stands on the right, all in four rows. Three grand vessels, three xing vessels, and two each of square and round grain vessels stand between the platters and stands. The grand vessel stands before the spirit, the xing vessel before it, the square vessel on the left and the round vessel on the right before the xing vessel—all spread with mats. One meat tray bearing the victim's head is set in the center; Seven meat trays of ox, sheep, and pig are placed next. One incense table, one sand pool, and one goblet pedestal stand before the meat trays. One prayer table is set to the right of the spirit seat. For the two Heaven-and-Earth seats, two Great Vessels, two Display Vessels, two Sacrificial Vessels, and two Mountain Vessels are also set in the southeast of the altar—all facing north with the west as the place of honor. For the associated seat, two Display Vessels, two Sacrificial Vessels, two Image Vessels, and two Mountain Vessels are also set east of the two wine-vessel stations—all with pedestals, covers, and ladles; only the dark water has a cover but no ladle, with the north as the place of honor. Three vessels of mare's milk are placed at the head of each wine-vessel station, each with cover and ladle. Two baskets for jade silks are also set west of the wine-vessel station, with the north as the place of honor. Two Image Vessels, two Jar Vessels, and four Mountain Vessels for the principal seat are also set west of the noon stairway on the altar. Wine vessels for the Imperial Earth Spirit, matching those of the principal seat, are also set east of the noon stairway—all facing north with the west as the place of honor. For the associated seat, two Sacrificial Vessels, two Jar Vessels, and four Mountain Vessels are also set north of the you stairway, facing east with the north as the place of honor—all with pedestals and covers but no ladles; they are displayed but not filled. Each of the nine first-tier seats receives eight platters on the left and eight stands on the right, one grand vessel between them, one square and one round grain vessel before the grand vessel, one meat tray, and one goblet and pedestal before the grain vessels. Each seat has two Great Vessels and two Display Vessels to the spirit's left—all with pedestals, ladles, and covers—plus one sand pool and one basket for jade silks. Each second-tier spirit also receives two platters, two stands, one square and one round grain vessel, one grand vessel, and one meat tray before its seat. Between each pair of stairways stand two Image Vessels, with one goblet, pedestal, sand pool, and silk basket at the head of the central spirit seat. Each third-tier spirit also receives one platter, one stand, one square vessel, one round vessel, and one meat tray before its seat. Between each pair of stairways stand one Jar Vessel and two Goblet Vessels, with one goblet, pedestal, sand pool, and silk basket at the head of the central spirit seat. Spirits within the inner enclosure also receive one platter, one stand, one square vessel, and one round vessel before each seat. Between each pathway stand two General Vessels, with one goblet, pedestal, sand pool, and silk basket at the head of the central spirit seat. For the three hundred sixty star seats outside the inner enclosure, each spirit also receives one platter, one stand, one square vessel, one round vessel, and one meat tray before its seat. Between each pathway stand two Simple Vessels, with one goblet, pedestal, sand pool, and silk basket before the central spirit seat. From the first tier downward, gourd goblets are washed clean and placed on the pedestals. The principal and associated seats also receive one platter, one stand, one square vessel, one round vessel, and four meat trays each, together with one blood-and-hair stand and one tray bearing the victim's head. For the first-tier spirit seats as well, two meat trays per seat are set within the offering hall. Ablution and goblet-washing stations are also set below the altar, east of the mao stairway and facing north; the wine jar stands east of the basin with a ladle, the basket is displayed southwest of the basin and filled with cloths, the goblet-washing basket holds gourd goblets on pedestals. Ablution and goblet-washing stations for first-tier separate-offering officials, and ablution stations for separate-offering officials of the second tier and below, are also set to the left of each stairway—the wine jar to the basin's left, the basket to its right, all facing inward. In every case, stations for the Directors of Ritual Vessels and baskets are set behind the washing stations.
17
五曰省牲器,見親祀儀。 六曰習儀,見親祀儀。
The fifth section is inspection of sacrificial animals and vessels; see the rites of personal sacrifice. The sixth section is rehearsal of the rites; see the rites of personal sacrifice.
18
七曰奠玉幣。 祀日醜前五刻,太常卿率其屬,設椽燭於神座四隅,仍明壇上下燭、內外籸燎。 太史令、郊祀令各服其服升,設昊天上帝神座,槁稭、席褥如前。 執事者陳玉幣於篚,置於尊所。 禮部尚書設祝版於案。 光祿卿率其屬,入實籩、豆、簠、簋。 籩四行,以右為上。 第一行魚鱐在前,糗餌、粉餈次之; 第二行幹棗在前,幹橑形鹽次之; 第三行鹿脯在前,榛實、幹桃次之; 第四行菱在前,芡、栗次之。 豆四行,以左為上。 第一行芹菹在前,筍菹、葵菹次之。 第二行菁菹在前,韭菹、厓食次之。 第三行魚醢在前,兔醢、豚拍次之。 第四行鹿臡在前,醓醢、糝食次之。 簠實以稻、粱,簋實以黍、稷,登實以太羹。 良醞令率其屬入實尊、罍。 太尊實以泛齊,著尊醴齊,犧尊盎齊,象尊醍齊,壺尊沈齊; 山罍為下尊,實以玄酒; 其酒、齊皆以尚醴酒代之。 太官丞設革囊馬湩於尊所。 祠祭局以銀盒貯香,同瓦鼎設於案。 司香官一員立於壇上。 祝史以牲首盤,設於壇上。 獻官以下執事官,各服其服,就次所,會於齊班幕。 拱衛直都指揮使率控鶴,各服其服,擎執儀仗,分立於外壝內東西,諸執事位之後; 拱衛使亦就位。 大樂令率工人二舞,自南壝東偏門以次入,就壇上下位。 奉禮郎先入就位。 禮直官分引監祭御史、監禮博士、郊祀令、太官令、良醞令、廩犧令、司尊罍、太官丞、讀祝官、舉祝官、奉玉幣官、太祝、祝史、奉爵官、盥爵洗官、巾篚官、齋郎,自南壝東偏門入,就位。 禮直官引監祭、監禮,按視壇之上下祭器,糾察不如儀者。 及其按視也,太祝先徹去蓋冪,按視訖,禮直官引監祭、監禮退復位。 奉禮郎贊「再拜」,禮直官承傳曰「拜」,監祭禮以下皆再拜。 奉禮郎贊曰「各就位」,太官令率齋郎以次出詣饌殿,俟立於南壝門外。 禮直官分引三獻官、司徒、助奠官、太常禮儀院使、光祿卿、太史令、太常禮儀院同知僉院、同僉院判、光祿丞,自南壝東偏門,經樂縣內入就位。 禮直官進太尉之左,贊曰「有司謹具,請行事」,退復位。 宮縣樂作降神《天成之曲》六成,內圜鐘宮三成,黃鐘角、太簇徵、姑洗羽各一成。 文舞《崇德之舞》。 初樂作,協律郎跪,俯伏舉麾興,工鼓,偃麾,戛而樂止。 凡樂作、樂止,皆仿此。 禮直官引太常禮儀院使率祝史,自卯陛升壇,奉牲首降自午陛,由南壝正門經宮縣內,詣燎壇北,南向立。 祝史奉牲首升自南陛,置於戶內柴上。 東西執炬者以火燎柴,升煙燔牲首訖,禮直官引太常禮儀院使祝史捧盤血,詣坎位瘞之。 禮直官引太常禮儀院使、祝史,各復位。 奉禮郎贊「再拜」,禮直官承傳曰「拜」,太尉以下皆再拜訖,其先拜者不拜。 執事者取玉幣於篚,立於尊所。 禮直官引太尉詣盥洗位,宮縣樂奏黃鐘宮《隆成之曲》,至位北向立,樂止。 搢笏、盥手、帨手訖,執笏詣壇,升自午陛,登歌樂作大呂宮《隆成之曲》,至壇上,樂止。 詣正位神座前,北向立,宮縣樂奏黃鐘宮《欽成之曲》,搢笏跪,三上香。 執事者加璧於幣,西向跪,以授太尉,太尉受玉幣奠於正位神座前,執笏,俯伏興,少退立,再拜訖,樂止。 次詣皇地祇位,奠獻如上儀。 次詣配位神主前,奠幣如上儀。 降自午陛,登歌樂作如升壇之曲,至位樂止。 祝史奉毛血豆,入自南壝門詣壇,升自午陛。 諸太祝迎取於壇上,俱跪奠於神座前,執笏,俯伏興,退立於尊所。
The seventh section is presentation of jade and silks. Five quarter-marks before the chou hour on the day of the rite, the Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices leads his staff in setting pillar candles at the four corners of the spirit seats, and lights candles above and below the altar and the inner and outer lamp offerings. The Director of the Astrological Service and the Director of Suburban Sacrifice don their ritual robes, ascend, and set the seat of August Heaven, Supreme Thearch, with straw matting and cushion as before. Attendants arrange jade and silks in baskets and place them at the wine-vessel station. The Minister of Rites places the prayer board on the table. The Director of the Imperial Household leads his staff in filling the platters, stands, and square and round grain vessels. The platters are arranged in four rows, with the right as the place of honor. In the first row, dried salted fish comes first, then puffed grain cakes and powdered rice cakes; In the second row, dried dates come first, then dried apricots and shaped salt; In the third row, dried venison comes first, then hazelnuts and dried peaches; In the fourth row, water caltrops come first, then gorgon seeds and chestnuts. The stands are arranged in four rows, with the left as the place of honor. In the first row, pickled celery comes first, then pickled bamboo shoots and pickled mallow; In the second row, pickled water shield comes first, then pickled leeks and cured meat; In the third row, fish paste comes first, then hare paste and pork ribs; In the fourth row, minced venison comes first, then minced meat sauce and scattered grain dish. The square vessel holds rice and millet, the round vessel broomcorn and panicled millet, and the grand vessel grand broth. The Director of Fine Wine leads his staff in filling the ritual vessels and wine jars. The Great Vessel holds primary fermentation brew, the Display Vessel sweet fermented brew, the Sacrificial Vessel thick fermented brew, the Image Vessel clarified fermented brew, and the Jar Vessel aged fermented brew; The Mountain Vessel serves as the lower vessel and is filled with dark water; All wine and fermented brews are replaced with court sacrificial wine. The Vice Director of the Imperial Kitchen sets leather-bag mare's milk at the wine-vessel station. The Sacrificial Offerings Bureau stores incense in silver boxes and places them on the table together with earthenware censers. One Incense Official stands on the altar. Prayer Scribes place the tray bearing the victim's head on the altar. The offering officials and all attending officials below them don their ritual robes, go to their waiting stations, and assemble at the Formation Assembly Curtain. The Commander of the Palace Guard Direct Command leads the Crane Controllers; each dons his ritual robes, raises the ceremonial regalia, and stands in ranks east and west within the outer enclosure, behind the attending officials; The Commander of the Palace Guard also takes his place. The Director of the Great Music Office leads two dance companies of performers; they enter in order through the eastern side gate of the southern enclosure and take their places above and below the altar. The Master of Ceremonies enters first and takes his place. Ritual Ushers lead the Sacrifice Overseer Censor, Ritual Overseer Erudite, Directors of Suburban Sacrifice, the Imperial Kitchen, Fine Wine, and Imperial Victims, the Director of Ritual Vessels, the Vice Director of the Imperial Kitchen, the prayer-reading and prayer-holding officials, the jade-and-silk bearer, Grand Sacrificers, Prayer Scribes, the goblet bearer, ablution and goblet-washing officials, the cloth-and-basket official, and Purification Attendants in through the eastern side gate of the southern enclosure to their stations. A Ritual Usher leads the Sacrifice Overseer and Ritual Overseer to inspect the ritual vessels above and below the altar and correct any improprieties. During the inspection, Grand Sacrificers first remove the covers and veils; when the inspection is complete, a Ritual Usher leads the Sacrifice Overseer and Ritual Overseer back to their places. The Master of Ceremonies calls, "Bow twice"; the Ritual Usher relays, "Bow"; the Sacrifice Overseer, Ritual Overseer, and all below bow twice. The Master of Ceremonies calls, "Each take your place"; the Director of the Imperial Kitchen leads Purification Attendants out in order to the offering hall and waits standing outside the southern enclosure gate. Ritual Ushers lead the three-offering officials, the Minister over the Masses, assisting-offering officials, the Commissioner of Ritual Protocol, the Director of the Imperial Household, the Director of the Astrological Service, the Associate Administrative Director and Associate Administrative Judge of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and Ritual Protocol Office, and the Vice Director of the Imperial Household in through the eastern side gate of the southern enclosure, passing within the court ensemble, to their stations. A Ritual Usher steps to the Grand Commandant's left and announces, "All responsible offices report readiness; we ask that the ceremony begin," then withdraws to his place. The court ensemble begins the spirit-descent music—the six-part suite 《Completion of Heaven》, with three sections in inner yuán-bell mode and one section each in yellow-bell angle, taicu zhi, and guxian yu. The civil dancers perform 《Dance of Honoring Virtue》. When the music first begins, the Pitch-Pipe Master kneels, prostrates himself, raises the baton, and rises; the musicians strike; he lowers the baton, and the music stops abruptly. All music starts and stops follow this same pattern. A Ritual Usher leads the Commissioner of Ritual Protocol and Prayer Scribes up the mao stairway onto the altar, then down the wu stairway bearing the victim's head; they pass through the main gate of the southern enclosure and within the court ensemble to the north side of the blaze mound and stand facing south. Prayer Scribes carry the victim's head up the southern stairway and place it on the firewood within the gate. Torch-bearers east and west kindle the firewood; when the smoke has risen and the victim's head is burned, a Ritual Usher leads the Commissioner of Ritual Protocol and Prayer Scribes carrying the tray of blood to the pit and buries it. A Ritual Usher leads the Commissioner of Ritual Protocol and the Prayer Scribes back to their places. The Master of Ceremonies calls, "Bow twice"; the Ritual Usher relays, "Bow"; the Grand Commandant and all below finish bowing twice; those who bowed first do not bow again. Attendants take the jade and silks from the baskets and stand at the wine-vessel station. A Ritual Usher leads the Grand Commandant to the ablution station; the court ensemble plays yellow-bell mode 《Lofty Completion》; he reaches his station and stands facing north, and the music stops. He inserts his tablet, washes and dries his hands, takes up his tablet, and proceeds to the altar; he ascends the wu stairway as the elevated hymn begins in da-lü mode with 《Lofty Completion》; he reaches the top of the altar, and the music stops. He goes before the principal spirit seat and stands facing north; the court ensemble plays yellow-bell mode 《Reverent Completion》; he inserts his tablet, kneels, and offers incense three times. An attendant adds a bi disk to the silks, kneels facing west, and presents them to the Grand Commandant; the Grand Commandant receives the jade and silks and places them before the principal spirit seat; he takes up his tablet, prostrates himself and rises, steps back slightly, bows twice, and the music stops. Next he goes to the seat of the Imperial Earth Spirit and presents the offering in the same manner as before. Next he goes before the spirit tablet of the associated seat and places the silks in the same manner as before. He descends the wu stairway; the elevated hymn begins with the same music as when he ascended; he reaches his station, and the music stops. Prayer Scribes carry the fur-and-blood dishes in through the southern enclosure gate, proceed to the altar, and ascend the wu stairway. Grand Sacrificers receive them on the altar; all kneel and place them before the spirit seats; they take up their tablets, prostrate themselves and rise, then withdraw and stand at the wine-vessel station.
19
至大三年大祀,奠玉幣儀與前少異,今存之,以備互考。 祀日醜前五刻,設壇上及第一等神位,陳其玉幣及明燭,實籩、豆、尊、罍。 樂工各入就位畢,奉禮郎先入就位。 禮直官分引分獻官、監祭御史、監禮博士、諸執事、太祝、祝史、齋郎,入自中壝東偏門,當壇南重行西上,北向立定。 奉禮郎贊曰「再拜」,分獻官以下皆再拜訖,奉禮贊曰「各就位」。 禮直官引子醜寅卯辰巳陛道分獻官,詣版位,西向立,北上; 午未申酉戌亥陛道分獻官,詣版位,東向立,北上。 禮直官分引監祭禮點視陳設,按視壇之上下,糾察不如儀者,退復位。 太史令率齋郎出俟。 禮直官引三獻官並助奠等官入就位,東向立,司徒西向立。 禮直官贊曰「有司謹具,請行事」,降神六成樂止。 太常禮儀使率祝史二員,捧馬首詣燎壇,升煙訖,復位。 奉禮郎贊曰「再拜,三獻」,司徒等皆再拜訖,奉禮郎贊曰「諸執事者各就位」,立定。 禮直官請初獻官詣盥洗位,樂作,至位,樂止。 盥畢詣壇,樂作,升自卯陛,至壇,樂止。 詣正位神座前,北向立,樂作,搢笏跪,太祝加玉於幣,西向跪以授初獻,初獻受玉幣奠訖,執笏俯伏興,再拜訖,樂止。 次詣配位神座前立,樂作,奠玉幣如上儀,樂止。 降自卯陛,樂作,復位,樂止。 初獻將奠正位之幣,禮直官分引第一等分獻官詣盥洗位,盥畢,執笏各由其陛升,詣各神位前,搢笏跪,太祝以玉幣授分獻官,奠訖,俯伏興,再拜訖,還位。 初第一等分獻官將升,禮直官分引第二等內壝內、內壝外分獻官盥畢,盥洗官俱從至酌尊所立定,各由其陛道詣各神首位前奠,並如上儀。 退立酌尊所,伺候終獻酌奠,詣各神首位前酌奠。 祝史奉正位毛血豆由午陛升,配位毛血豆由卯陛升,太祝迎於壇上,進奠於正配位神座前,太祝與祝史俱退於尊所。
In the great suburban sacrifice of the third year of Zhida, the rite of presenting jade and silks differed slightly from what precedes; it is preserved here for cross-reference. Five quarter-marks before the chou hour on the day of the rite, the altar and first-tier spirit seats are prepared; jade and silks and bright candles are displayed, and the platters, stands, ritual vessels, and wine jars are filled. After the musicians have all taken their places, the Master of Ceremonies enters first and takes his station. Ritual Ushers lead separate-offering officials, the Sacrifice Overseer Censor, Ritual Overseer Erudite, all attending officials, Grand Sacrificers, Prayer Scribes, and Purification Attendants in through the eastern side gate of the central enclosure; south of the altar in double ranks ascending west, they stand facing north in formation. The Master of Ceremonies calls, "Bow twice"; the separate-offering officials and all below finish bowing twice; the Master of Ceremonies calls, "Each take your place." Ritual Ushers lead separate-offering officials for the zi, chou, yin, mao, chen, and si stairways to their tablet stations; they stand facing west, with the north as the place of honor; Separate-offering officials for the wu, wei, shen, you, xu, and hai stairways go to their tablet stations; they stand facing east, with the north as the place of honor. Ritual Ushers lead the Sacrifice and Ritual Overseers to inspect the arrangements above and below the altar, correct any improprieties, and withdraw to their places. The Director of the Astrological Service leads Purification Attendants out to wait. Ritual Ushers lead the three-offering officials and assisting-offering officials to their stations; they stand facing east, and the Minister over the Masses stands facing west. A Ritual Usher announces, "All responsible offices report readiness; we ask that the ceremony begin"; the six-part spirit-descent music stops. The Commissioner of Ritual Protocol leads two Prayer Scribes carrying the horse head to the blaze mound; when the smoke has risen, they return to their places. The Master of Ceremonies calls, "Bow twice, three offerings"; the Minister over the Masses and the others finish bowing twice; the Master of Ceremonies calls, "Attending officials each take your place"; they stand in formation. A Ritual Usher asks the first-offering official to go to the ablution station; music begins; he reaches his station, and the music stops. After ablution, he proceeds to the altar; music begins; he ascends the mao stairway; he reaches the altar, and the music stops. He goes before the principal spirit seat and stands facing north; music begins; he inserts his tablet and kneels; the Grand Sacrificer adds jade to the silks, kneels facing west, and presents them to the first offering official; the first offering official receives the jade and silks and places them; he takes up his tablet, prostrates himself and rises, bows twice, and the music stops. Next he goes before the associated spirit seat and stands; music begins; he presents the jade and silks in the same manner as before, and the music stops. He descends the mao stairway; music begins; he returns to his place, and the music stops. As the first offering official is about to present the silks at the principal seat, Ritual Ushers lead first-tier separate-offering officials to the ablution station; after ablution, they take up their tablets and each ascends by his stairway to each spirit seat, insert their tablets and kneel; the Grand Sacrificer presents the jade and silks to each separate-offering official; when the placement is complete, they prostrate themselves and rise, bow twice, and return to their places. As first-tier separate-offering officials are about to ascend, Ritual Ushers lead second-tier separate-offering officials within and outside the inner enclosure; after ablution, ablution officials follow to the wine-pouring station and stand ready; each ascends by his stairway to the chief seat of each spirit and presents—all in the same manner as before. They withdraw and stand at the wine-pouring station, waiting for the final offering to pour and present; they then go before the chief seat of each spirit to pour and present. Prayer Scribes carry the principal fur-and-blood dish up the wu stairway and the associated fur-and-blood dish up the mao stairway; Grand Sacrificers receive them on the altar and place them before the principal and associated spirit seats; Grand Sacrificers and Prayer Scribes all withdraw to the wine-vessel station.
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八曰進熟。 太尉既升奠玉幣,太官令丞率進饌齋郎詣廚,以牲體設於盤,馬牛羊豕鹿各五盤,宰割體段,並用國禮。 各對舉以行至饌殿,俟光祿卿出實籩、豆、簠、簋。 籩以粉餈,豆以糝食,簠以粱,簋以稷。 齋郎上四員,奉籩、豆、簠、簋者前行,舉盤者次之。 各奉正配位之饌,以序立於南壝門之外,俟禮直官引司徒出詣饌殿,齋郎各奉以序從司徒入自南壝正門。 配位之饌,入自偏門。 宮縣樂奏黃鐘宮《寧成之曲》,至壇下,俟祝史進徹毛血豆訖,降自卯陛以出。 司徒引齋郎奉正位饌詣壇,升自午陛,太史令丞率齋郎奉配位及第一等之饌,升自卯陛,立定。 奉禮贊諸太祝迎饌,諸太祝迎於壇陛之間,齋郎各跪奠於神座前。 設籩於糗餌之前,豆於醯醢之前,簠於稻前,簋於黍前。 又奠牲體盤於俎上,齋郎出笏,俯伏興,退立定,樂止。 禮直官引司徒降自卯陛,太官令率齋郎從司徒亦降自卯陛,各復位。 其第二等至內壝外之饌,有司陳設。 禮直官贊,太祝搢笏,立茅苴於沙池,出笏,俯伏興,退立於本位。 禮直官引太尉詣盥洗位,宮縣樂作,奏黃鐘宮《隆成之曲》,至位北向立,樂止。 搢笏、盥手、帨手訖,出笏詣爵洗位,北向立。 搢笏,執事者奉匏爵以授太尉,太尉洗爵、拭爵訖,以爵授執事者。 太尉出笏,詣壇,升自午陛, 〈(一作卯陛。)〉 登歌樂作,奏黃鐘宮《明成之曲》,至壇上,樂止。 詣酌尊所,西向立,搢笏,執事者以爵授太尉,太尉執爵,司尊罍舉冪,良醞令酌太尊之泛齊,凡舉冪、酌酒,皆跪。 以爵授執事者。 太尉出笏,詣正位神座前,北向立,宮縣樂作,奏黃鐘宮《明成之曲》,文舞《崇德之舞》。 太尉搢笏跪,三上香。 執事者以爵授太尉,太尉執爵三祭酒於茅苴,以爵授執事者,執事者奉爵退,詣尊所。 太官丞傾馬湩於爵,跪授太尉,亦三祭於茅苴,復以爵授執事者,執事者受虛爵以興。 太尉出笏,俯伏興,少退,北向立,樂止。 舉祝官搢笏跪,對舉祝版,讀祝官搢笏跪,讀祝文。 讀訖,舉祝官奠版於案,出笏興,讀祝官出笏,俯伏興,宮縣樂奏如前曲。 舉祝、讀祝官俱先詣皇地祇位前,北向立。 太尉再拜訖,樂止。 次詣皇地祇位,並如上儀,惟樂奏大呂宮。 次詣配位,並如上儀,惟樂奏黃鐘宮。 降自午陛, 〈(一作卯陛。)〉 登歌樂作如前降神之曲,至位,樂止。 讀祝、舉祝官降自卯陛,復位。 文舞退,武舞進,宮縣樂作,奏黃鐘宮《和成之曲》,立定,樂止。 禮直官引亞獻官詣盥洗位,北向立。 搢笏、盥手、帨手訖,出笏詣爵洗位,北向立。 搢笏、執爵、洗爵、拭爵,以爵授執事者。 出笏詣壇,升自卯陛,至壇上酌尊所,東向 〈(一作西向。)〉 立。 搢笏授爵執爵,司尊罍舉冪,良醞令酌著尊之醴齊,以爵授執事者。 出笏,詣正位神座前,北向立。 宮縣樂奏黃鐘宮《熙成之曲》,武舞《定功之舞》。 搢笏跪,三上香,授爵執爵,三祭酒於茅苴,復祭馬湩如前儀,以爵授執事者。 出笏,俯伏興,少退立,再拜訖,次詣皇地祇位、配位,並如上儀訖,樂止,降自卯陛,復位。 禮直官引終獻官詣盥洗位,盥手、帨手訖,詣爵洗位,授爵執爵,洗爵拭爵,以爵授執事者。 出笏,升自卯陛,至酌尊所,搢笏授爵執爵,良醞令酌犧尊之盎齊,以爵授執事者。 出笏,詣正位神座前,北向立。 宮縣樂作,奏黃鐘宮《熙成之曲》,武舞《定功之舞》。 上香、祭酒、馬湩,並如亞獻之儀,降自卯陛。 初終獻將升壇時,禮直官分引第一等分獻官詣盥洗位,搢笏、盥手、帨手、滌爵、拭爵訖,以爵授執事者。 出笏,各由其陛詣酌尊所,搢笏,執事者以爵授分獻官,執爵,酌太尊之泛齊,以爵授執事者。 各詣諸神位前,搢笏跪,三上香、三祭酒訖,出笏,俯伏興,少退,再拜興,降復位。 第一等分獻官將升壇時,禮直官引第二等、第三等、內壝內、內壝外眾星位分獻官,各詣盥洗位,搢笏、盥手、帨手,酌奠如上儀訖,禮直官各引獻官復位,諸執事者皆退復位。 禮直官贊太祝徹籩豆。 登歌樂作大呂宮《寧成之曲》,太祝跪以籩豆各一少移故處,卒徹,出笏,俯伏興,樂止。 奉禮郎贊曰「賜胙」,眾官再拜,禮直官承傳曰「拜」,在位者皆再拜,平,立定。 送神宮縣樂作,奏圜鐘宮《天成之曲》一成止。
The eighth section is presentation of cooked offerings. After the Grand Commandant has ascended and presented the jade and silks, the Director and Vice Director of the Imperial Kitchen lead Purification Attendants bearing offerings to the kitchen; they set the sacrificial flesh on trays—five trays each of horse, cattle, sheep, pig, and deer—and cut the portions according to state ritual. Each pair carries them in procession to the offering hall, waiting for the Director of the Imperial Household to come out and fill the platters, stands, and square and round grain vessels. The platters hold powdered rice cakes, the stands scattered grain dish, the square vessel millet, and the round vessel panicled millet. Four senior Purification Attendants go first—those bearing platters, stands, and square and round grain vessels—with the tray-bearers following. Each bears the offerings for the principal and associated seats and stands in order outside the southern enclosure gate, waiting for a Ritual Usher to lead the Minister over the Masses out to the offering hall; Purification Attendants then bear their offerings in order, following the Minister over the Masses in through the main gate of the southern enclosure. The offerings for the associated seat enter through the side gate. The court ensemble plays yellow-bell mode 《Peaceful Completion》; reaching the foot of the altar, they wait until Prayer Scribes have brought in and removed the fur-and-blood dishes; they descend the mao stairway to exit. The Minister over the Masses leads Purification Attendants bearing the principal offerings to the altar and up the wu stairway; the Director and Vice Director of the Astrological Service lead Purification Attendants bearing the associated and first-tier offerings up the mao stairway; they stand in formation. The Master of Ceremonies calls for Grand Sacrificers to receive the offerings; Grand Sacrificers receive them between the altar and the stairway; Purification Attendants each kneel and place them before the spirit seats. Platters are set before the puffed grain cakes, stands before the pickled sauces, the square vessel before the rice, and the round vessel before the broomcorn. A tray of sacrificial flesh is also placed on the meat stand; Purification Attendants remove their tablets, prostrate themselves and rise, withdraw and stand in formation, and the music stops. A Ritual Usher leads the Minister over the Masses down the mao stairway; the Director of the Imperial Kitchen leads Purification Attendants following the Minister over the Masses down the mao stairway as well; each returns to his place. Offerings for the second tier through those outside the inner enclosure are arranged by the responsible offices. A Ritual Usher calls out; the Grand Sacrificer inserts his tablet, sets the thatch bundle in the sand pool, removes his tablet, prostrates himself and rises, and withdraws to his original station. A Ritual Usher leads the Grand Commandant to the ablution station; the court ensemble begins, playing yellow-bell mode 《Lofty Completion》; he reaches his station and stands facing north, and the music stops. He inserts his tablet, washes and dries his hands, removes his tablet, and goes to the goblet-washing station, standing facing north. He inserts his tablet; an attendant presents a gourd goblet to the Grand Commandant; the Grand Commandant rinses and wipes the goblet clean and returns it to the attendant. The Grand Commandant removes his tablet, proceeds to the altar, and ascends the wu stairway, (One variant reads the mao stairway.) The elevated hymn begins, playing yellow-bell mode 《Bright Completion》; he reaches the top of the altar, and the music stops. He goes to the wine-pouring station, stands facing west, and inserts his tablet; an attendant hands him the goblet; the Grand Commandant takes it; the Director of Ritual Vessels lifts the cover; the Director of Fine Wine pours primary fermentation brew from the Great Vessel; all cover-lifting and wine-pouring is done kneeling. He hands the goblet to the attendant. The Grand Commandant removes his tablet, goes before the principal spirit seat, and stands facing north; the court ensemble begins, playing yellow-bell mode 《Bright Completion》; the civil dancers perform 《Dance of Honoring Virtue》. The Grand Commandant inserts his tablet, kneels, and offers incense three times. An attendant hands the goblet to the Grand Commandant; the Grand Commandant takes it and pours libation three times on the thatch bundle; he returns the goblet to the attendant, who bears it back to the wine-vessel station. The Vice Director of the Imperial Kitchen pours mare's milk into the goblet, kneels, and presents it to the Grand Commandant; he also pours libation three times on the thatch bundle; he again hands the goblet to the attendant, who receives the empty goblet and rises. The Grand Commandant removes his tablet, prostrates himself and rises, steps back slightly, stands facing north, and the music stops. The Prayer-Holding Official inserts his tablet, kneels, and holds the prayer board facing outward; the Prayer-Reading Official inserts his tablet, kneels, and reads the prayer text. When the reading is finished, the Prayer-Holding Official places the board on the table, removes his tablet, and rises; the Prayer-Reading Official removes his tablet, prostrates himself and rises; the court ensemble plays as before. The Prayer-Holding and Prayer-Reading Officials both go first before the seat of the Imperial Earth Spirit and stand facing north. The Grand Commandant finishes bowing twice, and the music stops. Next he goes to the seat of the Imperial Earth Spirit, all in the same manner as before, except the music is in da-lü mode. Next he goes to the associated seat, all in the same manner as before, except the music is in yellow-bell mode. He descends the wu stairway, (One variant reads the mao stairway.) The elevated hymn begins with the same music as the earlier spirit-descent music; he reaches his station, and the music stops. The Prayer-Reading and Prayer-Holding Officials descend the mao stairway and return to their places. The civil dancers withdraw and the martial dancers enter; the court ensemble begins, playing yellow-bell mode 《Harmonious Completion》; they stand in formation, and the music stops. A Ritual Usher leads the secondary-offering official to the ablution station, where he stands facing north. He inserts his tablet, washes and dries his hands, removes his tablet, and goes to the goblet-washing station, standing facing north. He inserts his tablet, takes the goblet, rinses and wipes it clean, and hands it to the attendant. He removes his tablet, proceeds to the altar, ascends the mao stairway, and reaches the wine-pouring station on the altar, facing east (One variant reads facing west.) He stands. He inserts his tablet and receives the goblet; the Director of Ritual Vessels lifts the cover, and the Director of Fine Wine pours sweet fermented brew from the Display Vessel; he hands the goblet to the attendant. He removes his tablet, goes before the principal spirit seat, and stands facing north. The court ensemble plays yellow-bell mode 《Splendid Completion》; the martial dancers perform 《Dance of Establishing Merit》. He inserts his tablet and kneels, offers incense three times, receives the goblet, pours libation three times on the thatch bundle, again offers mare's milk as before, and hands the goblet to the attendant. He removes his tablet, prostrates himself and rises, steps back slightly and stands, finishes bowing twice, then goes to the seats of the Imperial Earth Spirit and the associated spirit, all in the same manner as before; the music stops; he descends the mao stairway and returns to his place. A Ritual Usher leads the final-offering official to the ablution station; he washes and dries his hands, goes to the goblet-washing station, receives the goblet, rinses and wipes it clean, and hands it to the attendant. He removes his tablet, ascends the mao stairway to the wine-pouring station, inserts his tablet, and receives the goblet; the Director of Fine Wine pours thick fermented brew from the Sacrificial Vessel, and he hands the goblet to the attendant. He removes his tablet, goes before the principal spirit seat, and stands facing north. The court ensemble begins, playing yellow-bell mode 《Splendid Completion》; the martial dancers perform 《Dance of Establishing Merit》. He offers incense, pours libation, and presents mare's milk, all as in the secondary-offering rite, then descends the mao stairway. As the first and final offering officials are about to ascend the altar, Ritual Ushers lead first-tier separate-offering officials to the ablution station; they insert their tablets, wash and dry their hands, rinse and wipe the goblets clean, and hand them to attendants. They remove their tablets; each goes by his stairway to the wine-pouring station and inserts his tablet; an attendant hands a goblet to each separate-offering official; he takes it and pours primary fermentation brew from the Great Vessel, then hands the goblet back to the attendant. Each goes before the various spirit seats, inserts his tablet and kneels, offers incense three times and pours libation three times; he removes his tablet, prostrates himself and rises, steps back slightly, rises after bowing twice, descends, and returns to his place. As first-tier separate-offering officials are about to ascend the altar, Ritual Ushers lead second- and third-tier separate-offering officials and those for the star seats within and outside the inner enclosure to the ablution station; each inserts his tablet, washes and dries his hands, and pours and presents as above; when finished, Ritual Ushers lead the offering officials back to their places, and all attendants withdraw to theirs. The Ritual Usher calls on the Grand Sacrificer to remove the platters and stands. The elevated hymn begins in da-lü mode 《Peaceful Completion》; the Grand Sacrificer kneels and moves each platter and stand slightly back to its original place; when the removal is complete, he removes his tablet, prostrates himself and rises, and the music stops. The Master of Ceremonies calls, "Presentation of sacrificial meat"; all officials bow twice; the Ritual Usher relays, "Bow"; all those present bow twice; they stand upright in formation. The spirit-dispatch court ensemble begins—the first movement of yuán-bell mode 《Completion of Heaven》—then stops.
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九曰望燎。 禮直官引太尉,亞獻助奠一員,太常禮儀院使,監祭、監禮各一員等,詣望燎位。 又引司徒,終獻助奠、監祭、監禮各一員,及太常禮儀院使等官,詣望瘞位。 樂作,奏黃鐘宮《隆成之曲》,至位,南向立,樂止。 上下諸執事各執篚進神座前,取燔玉及幣祝版。 日月已上,齋郎以俎載牲體黍稷,各由其陛降,南行,經宮縣樂,出東,詣燎壇。 升自南陛,以玉幣、祝版、饌食致於柴上戶內。 諸執事又以內官以下之禮幣,皆從燎。 禮直官贊曰「可燎」,東西執炬者以炬燎火半柴。 執事者亦以地祇之玉幣、祝版、牲體、黍稷詣瘞坎。 焚瘞畢,禮直官引太尉以下官以次由南壝東偏門出,禮直官引監祭、監禮、奉玉幣官、太祝、祝史、齋郎俱復壇南,北向立。 奉禮郎贊曰「再拜」,禮直官承傳曰「拜」,監祭、監禮以下皆再拜訖,各退出。 太樂令率工人二舞以次出。 禮直官引太尉以下諸執事官至齊班幕前立,禮直官贊曰「禮畢」,眾官員揖畢,各退於次。 太尉等官、太常禮儀院使、監祭、監禮展視胙肉酒醴,奉進闕庭,余官各退。
The ninth section is the blaze-gazing rite. A Ritual Usher leads the Grand Commandant, one assisting-offering official for the secondary offering, the Commissioner of Ritual Protocol, one Sacrifice Overseer, one Ritual Overseer, and others to the blaze-gazing station. He also leads the Minister over the Masses, the final-offering assisting-official, one Sacrifice Overseer, one Ritual Overseer, the Commissioner of Ritual Protocol, and other officials to the burial-gazing station. The music begins, playing yellow-bell mode 《Lofty Completion》; they reach their stations, stand facing south, and the music stops. Attendants above and below each carry a basket to the spirit seat and collect the jade for the fire offering, the prayer silks, and the prayer board. From the Sun and Moon upward, Purification Attendants carry sacrificial flesh and millet and glutinous grain on stands; each descends by his stairway, proceeds south, passes through the court ensemble, exits east, and goes to the blaze mound. They ascend the southern stairway and place the jade silks, prayer board, and food offerings inside the gate on the firewood. Attendants also bring the ritual silks for spirits of inner rank and below; all are sent to the blaze. The Ritual Usher calls, "The firewood may be burned"; torch-bearers east and west kindle half the firewood. Attendants also carry the Imperial Earth Spirit's jade silks, prayer board, sacrificial flesh, and millet and glutinous grain to the burial pit. When the burning and burial are complete, a Ritual Usher leads the Grand Commandant and officials below out in order through the eastern side gate of the southern enclosure; another Ritual Usher leads the Sacrifice Overseer, Ritual Overseer, jade-and-silk bearers, Grand Sacrificers, Prayer Scribes, and Purification Attendants back to the south side of the altar to stand facing north. The Master of Ceremonies calls, "Bow twice"; the Ritual Usher relays, "Bow"; the Sacrifice Overseer, Ritual Overseer, and all below finish bowing twice; each withdraws. The Director of the Great Music Office leads two dance companies out in order. A Ritual Usher leads the Grand Commandant and all attending officials to stand before the Formation Assembly Curtain; the Ritual Usher calls, "The rite is complete"; all officials finish their salutations; each withdraws to his waiting station. The Grand Commandant and other officials, the Commissioner of Ritual Protocol, and the Sacrifice and Ritual Overseers inspect the sacrificial meat and wine and present them at the palace court; the remaining officials withdraw.
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祭告三獻儀,大德十一年所定。 告前三日,三獻官、諸執事官具公服赴中書省受誓戒。 前一日未正二刻,省牲器。 告日質明,三獻官以下諸執事官各具法服。 禮直官引監祭禮以下諸執事官,先入就位,立定。 監祭禮點視陳設畢,復位,立定。 太官令率齋郎出,禮直官引三獻司徒、太常禮儀院使、光祿卿入就位,立定。 禮直官贊曰「有司謹具,請行事」,降神樂作六成止。 太常禮儀院使燔牲首,復位,立定。 奉禮贊三獻以下皆再拜,就位。 禮直官引初獻詣盥洗位,盥手訖,升壇詣昊天上帝位前,北向立。 搢笏跪,三上香,奠玉幣,出笏,俯伏興,再拜訖,降復位。 禮直官引初獻詣盥洗位,盥手訖,詣爵洗位,洗拭爵訖,詣酒尊所,酌酒訖,請詣昊天上帝神位前,北向,搢笏跪,三上香,執爵三祭酒於茅苴,出笏,俯伏興,俟讀祝訖,再拜,平立。 請詣皇地祇酒尊所,酌獻並如上儀,俱畢,復位。 禮直官引亞獻,並如初獻之儀,惟不讀祝,降復位。 禮直官引終獻,並如亞獻之儀,降復位。 奉禮贊「賜胙」,眾官再拜,在位者皆再拜。 禮直官引三獻司徒、太常卿、光祿卿、監祭、監禮等官請詣望燎位,南向立定,俟燎玉幣祝版。 禮直官贊「可燎」,禮畢。
The three-offering sacrificial announcement rite, established in the eleventh year of Dade. Three days before the announcement, the three-offering officials and all attending officials wear court dress and go to the Secretariat to receive the oath of purification. On the eve, at the second quarter after the wei hour, the sacrificial animals and vessels are inspected. At dawn on the day of the announcement, the three-offering officials and all attending officials don their ritual robes. A Ritual Usher leads the Sacrifice and Ritual Overseers and all attending officials in first to take their places and stand in formation. The Sacrifice and Ritual Overseers inspect the arrangements; when finished, they return to their places and stand in formation. The Director of the Imperial Kitchen leads the Purification Attendants out; a Ritual Usher leads the three-offering officials—the Minister over the Masses, the Commissioner of Ritual Protocol, and the Director of the Imperial Household—to their places, where they stand in formation. The Ritual Usher calls, "All responsible offices report readiness; we ask that the ceremony begin"; the spirit-descent music plays six sections and stops. The Commissioner of Ritual Protocol burns the victim's head, returns to his place, and stands in formation. The Master of Ceremonies calls for the three-offering officials and all below to bow twice and take their places. A Ritual Usher leads the first offering official to the ablution station; after washing his hands, he ascends the altar and goes before the seat of August Heaven Supreme Thearch, standing facing north. He inserts his tablet and kneels, offers incense three times, places the jade and silks, removes his tablet, prostrates himself and rises, finishes bowing twice, descends, and returns to his place. A Ritual Usher leads the first offering official to the ablution station; after washing his hands, he goes to the goblet-washing station, rinses and wipes the goblet clean, then goes to the wine-vessel station and pours wine; he is asked to go before the spirit seat of August Heaven Supreme Thearch, facing north; he inserts his tablet and kneels, offers incense three times, takes the goblet and pours libation three times on the thatch bundle; he removes his tablet, prostrates himself and rises, waits until the prayer reading is finished, bows twice, and stands upright. He is asked to go to the Imperial Earth Spirit's wine-vessel station; he pours and presents all as above; when everything is complete, he returns to his place. A Ritual Usher leads the secondary offering official through the same rite as the first offering, except that the prayer is not read; he descends and returns to his place. A Ritual Usher leads the final offering official through the same rite as the secondary offering; he descends and returns to his place. The Master of Ceremonies calls for the presentation of sacrificial meat; all officials bow twice, and all those present do likewise. A Ritual Usher leads the three-offering Minister over the Masses, the Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, the Director of the Imperial Household, the Sacrifice and Ritual Overseers, and other officials to the blaze-gazing station; they stand facing south in formation and wait for the jade silks and prayer board to be burned. The Ritual Usher calls, "The firewood may be burned"; the rite is complete.
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祭告一獻儀,至元十二年所定。 告前二日,郊祀令掃除壇壝內外,翰林國史院學士撰寫祝文。 前一日,告官等各公服捧祝版,進請禦署訖,同禦香上尊酒如常儀,迎至祠所齋宿。 告日質明前三刻,禮直官引郊祀令率其屬詣壇,鋪筵陳設如儀。 禮直官二員引告官等各具紫服,以次就位,東向立定。 禮直官稍前曰「有司謹具,請行事」,贊者曰「鞠躬」,曰「拜」,曰「興」,曰「拜」,曰「興」,曰「平身」。 禮直官先引執事官各就位,次詣告官前曰「請詣盥爵洗位」。 至位,北向立,曰「搢笏」,曰「盥手」,曰「帨手」,曰「洗爵」,曰「拭爵」,曰「出笏」,曰「詣酒尊所」,曰「搢笏」,曰「執爵」,曰「司尊者舉冪」,曰「酌酒」。 良醞令酌酒,曰「以爵授執事者」,告官以爵授執事者。 曰「出笏」,曰「詣昊天上帝、皇地祇神位前,北向立」,曰「稍前」,曰「搢笏」,曰「跪」,曰「上香」,曰「上香」,曰「三上香」,曰「祭酒」,曰「祭酒」,曰「三祭酒」,曰「以爵授捧爵官」,曰「出笏」,曰「俯伏興」,曰「舉祝官跪」,曰「舉祝」,曰「讀祝官跪」,曰「讀祝」。 讀訖,曰「舉祝官奠祝版於案」,曰「俯伏興」。 告官再拜,曰「鞠躬」,曰「拜」,曰「興」,曰「拜」,曰「興」,曰「平身」,引告官以下降復位。 禮直官贊曰「再拜」,曰「鞠躬」,曰「拜」,曰「興」,曰「拜」,曰「興」,曰「平身」,曰「詣望燎位」,燔祝版半燎,告官以下皆退。 其瘞之坎於祭所壬地,方深足以容物。
The single-offering sacrificial announcement rite, established in the twelfth year of Zhiyuan. Two days before the announcement, the Director of Suburban Sacrifice cleans the altar and enclosure inside and out, and Hanlin Academicians compose the prayer text. On the eve, the announcement officials, each in court dress, bear the prayer board and advance to request the imperial signature; when this is done, they escort the imperial incense and finest wine as in ordinary ceremony to the sacrifice site to keep purification vigil. Three quarters of an hour before dawn on the day of the announcement, a Ritual Usher leads the Director of Suburban Sacrifice and his staff to the altar to spread mats and arrange the offerings as prescribed. Two Ritual Ushers lead the announcement officials, each in purple robes, to their places in order, where they stand facing east in formation. The Ritual Usher steps forward slightly and says, "All responsible offices report readiness; we ask that the ceremony begin"; the intoner calls in turn, "Bow from the waist," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Stand upright." The Ritual Usher first leads the attending officials to their places; then he goes before the announcement officials and says, "Please go to the ablution and goblet-washing station." At the station he stands facing north; the intoner calls in turn, "Insert the tablet," "Wash the hands," "Dry the hands," "Rinse the goblet," "Wipe the goblet," "Remove the tablet," "Go to the wine-vessel station," "Insert the tablet," "Take the goblet," "The Director of Ritual Vessels lifts the cover," "Pour the wine." The Director of Fine Wine pours the wine; the intoner calls, "Hand the goblet to the attendant"; the announcement official hands the goblet to the attendant. The intoner calls in turn, "Remove the tablet," "Go before the spirit seats of August Heaven Supreme Thearch and the Imperial Earth Spirit, standing facing north," "Advance slightly," "Insert the tablet," "Kneel," "Offer incense," "Offer incense," "Offer incense three times," "Pour libation," "Pour libation," "Pour libation three times," "Hand the goblet to the Goblet-Bearing Official," "Remove the tablet," "Prostrate yourself and rise," "The Prayer-Holding Official kneels," "Hold the prayer board," "The Prayer-Reading Official kneels," "Read the prayer." When the reading is finished, the intoner calls, "The Prayer-Holding Official places the prayer board on the table," "Prostrate yourself and rise." The announcement official bows twice; the intoner calls, "Bow from the waist," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Stand upright"; the announcement officials and those below are led down to return to their places. The Ritual Usher calls, "Bow twice," "Bow from the waist," "Bow," "Rise," "Bow," "Rise," "Stand upright," "Go to the blaze-gazing station"; the prayer board is burned in a half-blaze; the announcement officials and all below withdraw. The burial pit is dug at the ren direction of the sacrifice site, square and deep enough to hold the offerings.