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卷八十七 志第三十七: 百官三

Volume 87 Treatises 40: Official Posts 3

Chapter 87 of 元史 · History of Yuan
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Chapter 87
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1
Official Posts 3
2
使
The Court of the Imperial Clan held the rank of Junior First Rank. When the dynasty was first founded, no formal bureaucracy yet existed; the first officials appointed were judges known as jarquchi, who convened to adjudicate routine business. It had jurisdiction over all public offenses by princes, imperial sons-in-law, appanage holders, Mongols, semuren, and others; over Han Chinese crimes of theft, fraud, poisoning, witchcraft, enticement, flight, and abduction; over prisoners charged with serious or minor offenses; over officials on distant campaigns; and over each year’s staff who remained at Shangdu for winter duty while the court was away—all such matters fell entirely within its purview. In Zhiyuan 2 (1265), ten posts were established. In the third year, eight posts were established. In the ninth year, its seal was downgraded to Junior First Rank in silver, and it dealt only with Mongol affairs. Princes served as heads of the office; the remaining appointees were drawn from the imperial line or from princes who held state fiefs. Keshig personnel also carried out duties by imperial order, though they received no formal appointment patent. In the fourteenth year, fourteen posts were established. In the fifteenth year, thirteen posts were established. In the twenty-first year, twenty-one posts were established. In the twenty-second year, the number was raised to thirty-four posts. In the twenty-eighth year, it was increased to forty-six posts. In Dade 4 (1300), five posts were eliminated. In the eleventh year, there were forty-one posts. In Huangqing 1 (1312), two posts were cut, and Han Chinese penal matters were assigned to the Ministry of Justice. In Taiding 1 (1324), joint jurisdiction was restored; forty-two jarquchi were appointed, and clerks were redesignated secretaries. In Zhihe 1 (1328), offenses involving Mongols and semuren under Shangdu and Dadu—including those at keshig military stations—against Han Chinese were adjudicated by the Court of the Imperial Clan; all other litigation among Han Chinese, Mongols, and semuren in circuits, prefectures, and counties was assigned to the regular local offices and the Ministry of Justice. Chief jarquchi: forty-two posts, Junior First Rank; Directors: two posts, Junior Fifth Rank; Vice directors: two posts, Junior Sixth Rank; Chief clerks: two posts, Junior Seventh Rank; Registrar of the Issuing and Filing Repository: one post, Junior Eighth Rank; Staff included ten secretaries, thirteen Mongol bitikchi, three interpreters and three seal keepers, ten dispatchers, one Mongol scribe, three record clerks, one storekeeper, one physician, and two prison wardens.
3
使 使
The Ministry of Imperial Farms ranked at Senior Second Rank and oversaw agriculture, sericulture, irrigation, schools, and famine relief. It was first established in Zhiyuan 7 (1270), with five officials appointed. In the fourteenth year it was abolished, and the surveillance commissions were charged with promoting agriculture. In the eighteenth year the Agricultural Policy Office was established in its place, with six officials. In the twentieth year it was renamed again as the Bureau for Promoting Agriculture, rank Junior Third Rank, with one darughachi, one commissioner for promoting agriculture, and two associate commissioners. That same year it became the Directorate of Imperial Farms, with one darughachi, two directors, and one vice director. In the twenty-third year it was restored as the Ministry of Imperial Farms, still at Senior Second Rank. In Dade 1 (1297), one post of overseer of imperial farms was added. In Huangqing 2 (1313) it was promoted to Junior First Rank, and one post of grand overseer was added. Fixed posts: grand overseers of imperial farms, four posts, Junior First Rank; Directors of imperial farms, two posts, Senior Second Rank; Vice directors, two posts, Junior Second Rank; Assistant directors of imperial farms, two posts, Junior Third Rank; Administrative aide: one post, Junior Fifth Rank; Chief clerks: two posts, Junior Seventh Rank; Registrar of the document repository and proofreader, one post each, both Senior Eighth Rank; Twelve secretaries, two Mongol bitikchi, one Muslim secretary, two seal keepers, one interpreter, one dispatcher, and five record clerks.
4
The Ceremonial Field Office, rank Junior Sixth Rank, oversaw cultivation of the ceremonial field for ancestral sacrifices. Established in Zhiyuan 7, it was subordinate to the Ministry of Imperial Farms. In the fourteenth year, when the farm directorate was abolished, it was placed under the Directorate of Imperial Sacrifices. In the twenty-third year the ministry was re-established and the office remained under it. Office director: one post, Junior Sixth Rank; Office vice director: one post, Junior Seventh Rank; One clerk.
5
The Provisions Bureau, rank Junior Fifth Rank. It supplied daily needs, purchased raw materials of every kind, and administered property seized from Sangü’s estate. Established in Zhiyuan 22 (1285), it was subordinate to the farm directorate. One darughachi and one intendant, both Junior Fifth Rank; Bureau director: one post, Senior Sixth Rank; Vice director: one post, Senior Seventh Rank; One clerk.
6
使使
The Auxiliary Treasury, rank Senior Ninth Rank. It managed revolving interest funds to meet supply needs. One commissioner and one vice commissioner.
7
使使
The Oil Households Intendant Office at Xingzhong and elsewhere, rank Junior Ninth Rank. One intendant, one commissioner, and one vice commissioner. It supplied one hundred thousand jin of oil annually for the imperial kitchens. It was first established in Zhiyuan 29 (1292).
8
使
The Flour Households Intendant Office at Weizhou: one intendant and one vice commissioner. It provided white flour and scallions as required, totaling more than one hundred thousand jin per year. The offices listed above were subordinate to the Provisions Bureau.
9
The Yongping Colonies General Directorate, rank Junior Third Rank. One darughachi, one director-general, one associate director, one administrative officer, and four clerks. Established in Zhiyuan 24 (1287) at Machang County in Yongping Circuit, it took charge of three thousand timber cutters from the Northern Capital. It oversaw three sub-offices—Changguo, Jimin, and Fengshan—each with one director, one vice director, one chief steward, two clerical heads, and two clerks.
10
簿
The Hanlin Academy combined with the National History Office, rank Senior Second Rank. Early in the Zhongtong era Wang E served as Hanlin academician and grand preceptor, though no formal agency yet existed. It was first established in Zhiyuan 1 (1264) at Senior Third Rank. In the sixth year three grand preceptors, two academicians, two reader-academicians, two lecturer-academicians, and two regular academicians were appointed. In the eighth year it was promoted to Junior Second Rank. In the fourteenth year one grand preceptor was added. In the sixteenth year one reader-academician was added. In the seventeenth year two grand preceptors were added. In the twentieth year the Academy of Scholarly Worthies was merged into the Hanlin, National History, and Academy of Scholarly Worthies Office. In the twenty-first year two academicians were added. In the twenty-second year the Academy of Scholarly Worthies was separated again. In the twenty-third year one lecturer-academician was added. In the twenty-sixth year five officials were appointed to teach the ’Phags-pa script. In the twenty-seventh year one grand preceptor was added. In Dade 9 (1305) it was promoted to Senior Second Rank; the registry clerk was redesignated administrative aide, and one chief clerk post was added. In Zhida 1 (1308) nine grand preceptors were appointed. In Huangqing 1 (1312) it was promoted to Junior First Rank, and the administrative aide was renamed administrative director. In Yanyou 1 (1314) a separate Muslim Imperial College was established, and the ’Phags-pa staff were assigned to it. In the fifth year eight grand preceptors were appointed. The later fixed establishment: grand preceptors, six posts, Junior First Rank; Academicians, two posts, Senior Second Rank; Reader-academicians, two posts, Junior Second Rank; Lecturer-academicians, two posts, Junior Second Rank; Regular academicians, two posts, Junior Third Rank. Subordinate officials: attendants, five posts, Senior Fifth Rank; Compiler-historians, three posts, Junior Sixth Rank; Hanlin literary attendants, five posts, Junior Seventh Rank; Editing officials, ten posts, Senior Eighth Rank; Proofreaders, four posts, Senior Eighth Rank; Keepers of records, two posts, Senior Eighth Rank; One administrative director, Junior Fifth Rank; One chief clerk, Junior Seventh Rank; The staff comprised four secretaries; two translators, interpreters, and seal keepers each; five Mongol scribes; ten scribes; ten assistant scribes; three record clerks; and two archive clerks.
11
The Mongol Hanlin Academy, ranked at Junior Second Rank, oversaw translation of all documents, issuance of imperial patents, and use of the new Mongol script, always accompanied by each realm’s native script. In Zhiyuan 8 (1271), posts of academicians in the new script were first created within the National History Office. In the twelfth year a separate academy was founded with one grand preceptor, one regular academician, two attendants, one compiler-historian, four literary attendants, eleven bitikchi who drafted imperial rescripts, one clerk, and one seal keeper. In the eighteenth year one grand preceptor and three academicians were added, Han clerks were eliminated, and four Mongol bitikchi were appointed. In the twenty-ninth year one grand preceptor, one reader-academician, and one seal keeper were added. In the thirtieth year one registrar post was added. In Dade 5 (1301) it was promoted to Senior Second Rank. In the ninth year one administrative inspector and one chief clerk were appointed. In Huangqing 1 (1312) it was raised to Junior First Rank, with twenty-eight officials and twenty-four support staff. In Yanyou 2 (1315) the administrative inspector was redesignated administrative director. The later fixed establishment comprised seven grand preceptors, two academicians, two reader-academicians, two lecturer-academicians, two regular academicians, four attendants, two compiler-historians, five literary attendants, one administrative director, and one chief clerk, with ranks identical to those of the Hanlin and National History Office. Registrar of the Issuing and Filing Repository: one post, Senior Ninth Rank; Fourteen bitikchi, three secretaries, one interpreter, one translator, two seal keepers, one scribe, and three record clerks.
12
The Mongol Imperial College held the rank of Junior Third Rank. Established in Zhiyuan 14 (1277), it initially had one vice director. In the twenty-ninth year, on the model of the Han imperial college, posts of chancellor of studies, vice directors, and college supervisor were created. In Yanyou 4 (1317) it was promoted to Senior Third Rank. In the seventh year it was reduced again to Junior Third Rank. Later fixed posts: chancellor of studies, one post, Junior Third Rank; Vice directors: two posts, Senior Fifth Rank; College supervisor: one post, Senior Sixth Rank; One clerk, one bitikchi, and one seal keeper.
13
The Mongol Imperial School, rank Senior Seventh Rank, had two erudites, two assistant erudites, two instructors, and two rectifiers and registrars each, charged with teaching the students. Outstanding sons were chosen from court officials, keshig guards, and Mongol and Han official families for admission. In Zhiyuan 8 five teaching officials were appointed. Because the court annually moved to Shangdu, making instruction arduous while staff remained few, two rectifiers and two registrars were later added. In the thirty-first year one assistant erudite and one provision steward were added. Later fixed posts: two erudites, Senior Seventh Rank; Two assistant erudites and two instructors, all Senior Eighth Rank; Two rectifiers and two registrars each, plus one archive clerk and one provision steward.
14
禿
The chancellors of the Eight Inner Offices handled audiences and protocol for the imperial princes. When edicts were promulgated, they worked with Mongol Hanlin officials to translate and refine the wording. They were styled chancellors because their standing was like that of Masters of Writing and their access like that of the Secretariat Gate—hence the special title. Though so titled, they received no formal appointment patent; their standing was treated as equivalent to Second Rank. In Dade 9 (1305), Mieqietu and seven others were appointed to these posts. In Tianshun 1 (1328) these posts became the chancellors of the Eight Inner Offices, and are therefore noted here.
15
調 簿 使 使 使 使 使
The Academy of Scholarly Worthies, rank Junior Second Rank, oversaw schools, sought hidden talent, summoned the worthy, and governed the imperial college, Daoist and Buddhist clergy, yin-yang sacrifices, divination, and esoteric practices. Early in the dynasty the Academy of Scholarly Worthies shared offices with the Hanlin and National History Office. In Zhiyuan 22 (1285) the two were split, with three grand academicians, one academician, two regular academicians, one registry clerk, and seven clerks appointed. In the twenty-fourth year one academician, one reader-academician, and one attendant were added. It was soon raised to Senior Second Rank, with one academy director at Senior Second Rank; Grand academicians: two posts, Junior Second Rank; Academicians: three posts, Junior Second Rank; Reader-academician: one post, Junior Third Rank; Lecturer-academician: one post, Junior Third Rank; Regular academicians: two posts, Junior Fourth Rank; Administrative inspector: one post, Junior Fifth Rank; Attendant: one post, Senior Fifth Rank. In the twenty-fifth year one chief clerk was added at Junior Seventh Rank; One compiler-historian at Junior Sixth Rank. In Yuanzhen 1 (1295) one academy director was added. In Dade 11 (1307) it was promoted to Junior First Rank, with six academy directors and two administrative directors. In Zhida 4 (1311) six academy director posts were eliminated. In Huangqing 2 (1313) one Han administrative director was cut. Later fixed posts: grand academicians, five posts, Junior First Rank; Academicians: two posts, Senior Second Rank; Reader-academicians and lecturer-academicians, two posts each, Junior Second Rank; Regular academicians: two posts, Junior Third Rank; Administrative director: one post, Junior Fifth Rank; Chief clerks: two posts, Junior Seventh Rank; Attendant: one post, Senior Fifth Rank; Compiler-historian: one post, Junior Sixth Rank; Concurrent registrar of the Issuing and Filing Repository: one post, Senior Eighth Rank; Six secretaries; two translators and two seal keepers; one interpreter; seven dispatchers; three record clerks.
16
簿
The Imperial College. Early in Zhiyuan, Xu Heng served as grand academician of the Academy of Scholarly Worthies and chancellor of the college, instructing imperial sons and members of the four great keshig lineages. Sons of court officials of seventh rank and above became imperial students; third-rank officials at court could nominate outstanding commoners as companion readers. In Zhiyuan 24 a college chancellor was first appointed at Junior Third Rank, with two vice directors at Senior Fifth Rank to uphold the state’s educational mandate—always men of eminent virtue. A college supervisor at Senior Sixth Rank was charged exclusively with college administration. One registry clerk, two clerks, and one translator, seal keeper, and record clerk each.
17
The Imperial School ranked at Senior Seventh Rank. Two erudites instructed students and evaluated the scholarly writings and teaching records of the faculty. Four assistant erudites taught students in the separate halls. In Dade 8 (1304), to staff instruction at Shangdu, two assistant erudites, two rectifiers, and two registrars were added to supervise coursework. One provision steward managed the students’ board. In Zhiyuan 24 the quota was set at two hundred students and twenty companion readers. In Zhida 4 (1311) the student quota reached three hundred. In Yanyou 2 (1315) one hundred students and twenty companion readers were added.
18
簿調簿
The Office for Promoting Literature, rank Junior Sixth Rank. One office director, concurrently held by a Hanlin compiler-historian. One office vice director, concurrently held by a Hanlin literary attendant. In Zhizhi 2 (1322) the office was abolished; a registry clerk at Junior Seventh Rank was appointed to oversee students’ meals and all paperwork. One record clerk remained on staff.
19
殿 使使 使 使 使使 使 使
The Xuanzheng Court, rank Junior First Rank, oversaw Buddhist clergy and administered Tibetan territories. When Tibetan affairs required attention, a branch was sent to garrison the region with its own seal. On major military campaigns it consulted the Bureau of Military Affairs. It selected its own personnel independently. Its appointments combined military and civilian authority, employing both monks and laymen. Early in Zhiyuan the General Regulatory Office was founded under the state preceptor. In the twenty-fifth year, recalling the Tang practice of receiving Tibetan envoys at the Hall of Xuanzheng, it was renamed the Xuanzheng Court. Appointed were two court directors, two associate directors, two vice directors, two counselors, two administrative directors, four chief clerks, one registrar, and one proofreader. In the twenty-sixth year four judges were appointed. In the twenty-eighth year one vice director and one associate vice director were added. In Yuanzhen 1 one court vice director was added. In Dade 4 the judges were abolished. Early in Zhida one court director was eliminated. In Zhizhi 3 (1323) six court directors were appointed. In Tianshun 2 (1329) the Merit Office was abolished and absorbed into the Xuanzheng Court; ten court directors were fixed at Junior First Rank; Associate directors: two posts, Senior Second Rank; Vice directors: two posts, Junior Second Rank; Vice court directors: two posts, Senior Third Rank; Associate vice directors: three posts, Senior Fourth Rank; Court vice directors: three posts, Senior Fifth Rank; Counselors: two posts, Senior Fifth Rank; Administrative directors: two posts, Junior Fifth Rank; Chief clerks: three posts, Junior Seventh Rank; Proofreader and registrar, one post each, both Senior Eighth Rank; Fifteen secretaries, two Mongol bitikchi, two Muslim secretaries, four qalmaq guards, two seal keepers, fifteen dispatchers, and record clerks in varying numbers.
20
使使使
Four judges at Junior Third Rank, each with one administrative director and one administrative officer, five clerks, and one seal keeper, memorial courier, translator, and interpreter. First established in Zhiyuan 25 (1288). The Guest Reception Office, rank Junior Fifth Rank: two commissioners and one vice commissioner. Established in Zhiyuan 25.
21
使使
The Dadu Transport Regulation Intendant Office, rank Senior Fourth Rank, with one darughachi, intendant, commissioner, and vice commissioner. Established in Zhiyuan 28 (1291).
22
使使
The Shangdu Transport Regulation Intendant Office, rank Senior Fourth Rank, with one darughachi, intendant, commissioner, vice commissioner, and administrative officer. Established in Zhiyuan 28.
23
The Dadu Office for Promoting Goodness Treasury, rank Junior Fifth Rank, managing money and silk, with one darughachi, intendant, associate intendant, and vice intendant. Established in Zhiyuan 26 (1289).
24
使 使
The Shangdu Lizhen Treasury, rank Junior Seventh Rank, with one intendant and one vice commissioner managing gold and silver for banquets. Established in Yuanzhen 1 (1295). The Great Relief Granary: one disbursement supervisor and one commissioner. Xingjiao Temple: one housing intendant.
25
使
The Pacification Commission and Grand Marshal’s Headquarters for Tibet and other regions, rank Junior Second Rank, with five pacification commissioners, two administrative directors, two chief clerks, one proofreader, two bandit-suppression officials, one Confucian instructor, and two pacification commissioners. It had two subordinate offices:
26
The Tusiema Road Military and Civilian Ten-thousand Households Office, rank Senior Third Rank, with one darughachi, commander, vice darughachi, vice commander, administrative director, administrative officer, and pacification commissioner.
27
西
The Zhongxing Hezhou Military and Civilian General Directorate of Xixia, rank Senior Third Rank, with standard directorate staff. Subordinate officials included a tax intendant, the Ninghe county magistrate, five Ninghe tutuq officers, and a Ninghe bow-and-armor craftsman darughachi.
28
The Taozhou Marshal’s Headquarters, rank Junior Third Rank: one darughachi, two marshals, one administrative officer.
29
The Eighteen Clans Marshal’s Headquarters, rank Junior Third Rank: one darughachi, one marshal, one associate director, one administrative officer.
30
The Jishi Prefecture Marshal’s Headquarters: one darughachi, marshal, associate director, administrative officer, and tutuq officer.
31
西
The Lidian Wenzhou Mongol, Han, and Tibetan Marshal’s Headquarters, rank Senior Third Rank, with full military-civilian staff including auru officials.
32
The Lidian Wenzhou Mongol and Han Auru Thousand-Households Office, rank Junior Fifth Rank, with standard military household staff.
33
西 西西
The Lidian Wenzhou Mongol, Han, and Tibetan Thousand-Households Office, rank Senior Fourth Rank, with one darughachi, commander, centurion, and two newly attached commanders. Two company commanders for the Lidian Jiezhou Xishui Mongol, Han, and Tibetan forces.
34
使使
The Tibet Pacification and Suppression Commission, rank Senior Third Rank: two pacification commissioners, one administrative officer, one pacification commissioner. Its subordinate offices are listed below.
35
The Tusiema Scout Army Forty-thousand Households Office, rank Senior Third Rank, with five commanders of ten thousand, eight of one thousand, and standard staff.
36
The Tusiema Road Newly Attached Army Thousand-Households Office, rank Junior Fifth Rank: one darughachi, commander, and vice commander.
37
西
The Wenfuzhou Western Route Southern Diya Ten-thousand Households Office, rank Junior Third Rank: one darughachi and two commanders.
38
The Fengxiang Thousand-Households Office, rank Junior Fifth Rank: one darughachi, one commander, two centurions. One company commander for Qingyang Ninghuan and other regions. One grain and tax official for the Wenzhou revenue office. Two bandit-suppression officials for the Minzhou eighteen clans circuit.
39
The Changyang Tiancheng Ablong Ten-thousand Households Office, rank Junior Third Rank: one darughachi and one commander.
40
The Jiewenfuzhou Tibetan and Han Army Thousand-Households Office, rank Senior Fifth Rank: one darughachi and two commanders.
41
Guide Prefecture: one darughachi and prefect, associate prefect and vice director, tutuq officer, and bandit-suppression official. The Bicheng Ten-thousand Households Office: two darughachi and four commanders.
42
使使
The Songpan Dangdie Weimao Pacification Commission, rank Senior Third Rank, with standard pacification staff. Weizhou Baoning County and Maozhou Wenshan and Wenchuan counties were subordinate to it.
43
The Jingzhou twenty-six clans Thousand-Households Office: one darughachi and one commander. The Longmutou twenty-two clans Thousand-Households Office: one darughachi and one commander.
44
The Yuexipeng Luobocun twenty-two clans Thousand-Households Office: one darughachi and one commander. The Zhezang Ten-thousand Households Office: one darughachi and one commander.
45
使使使
The Tibet Circuit Pacification Commission and Grand Marshal’s Headquarters: four pacification commissioners, two associate directors, one vice director, and standard staff.
46
The Dokham Military and Civilian Grand Marshal’s Headquarters: one grand marshal, one administrative director, one pacification commissioner.
47
使使 使使
The Lamargang Pacification Commission: one darughachi, one pacification commissioner, one administrative director. The Benbudi Pacification Commission: one pacification commissioner, one administrative director, one pacification commissioner. The Benbu Ersigang populace: one darughachi.
48
西使使使
The Diaomen Yutong Liya Changxi Xiningyuan Pacification Commission, rank Senior Third Rank, with full pacification staff.
49
使使 使
The Six Banners Pacification Commission: one darughachi, one pacification commissioner, one administrative director, one administrative officer. Yazhou Yandao and Mingshan counties were subordinate to it. The Tianquan Pacification Commission: one darughachi, one pacification commissioner, one administrative director and officer.
50
The Yutong Road Ten-thousand Households Office: one darughachi, one commander, one administrative director and officer. Lizhou was subordinate to it.
51
西
The Diaomen Yutong Garrison Ten-thousand Households Office: one darughachi, two commanders, full staff, eight thousand-household commanders, twenty centurions, four suppression officers. The Changxi River Military Ten-thousand Households Office: one darughachi, two commanders.
52
西使使 使
The Changxi River Interior Military Pacification Commission: two pacification commissioners, one administrative director. One Dokham pacification commissioner.
53
The Dokham Hada Litang Yutong Grain and Funds General Directorate: one darughachi, director-general, vice director, and specialized tutuq and military staff.
54
The Yisimargan Ten-thousand Households Office: one darughachi, two commanders.
55
使使使
The Ü-Tsang three circuits Pacification Commission and Grand Marshal’s Headquarters: five pacification commissioners and standard staff. Subordinates listed: two Nari Sokhurlu marshals.
56
使
Two Ü-Tsang Mongol Army grand marshals. One Danli military pacification commissioner. One Ü-Tsang transport commissioner. One Sharlusi territorial ten-thousand-household commander.
57
One Chaliba territorial ten-thousand-household commander. One Ü-Tsang territorial ten-thousand-household commander. One Surmagawa territorial populace official. One Sala territorial populace official.
58
One Chumi ten-thousand-household commander. One Yinlong Dala ten-thousand-household commander. One Sidalongla ten-thousand-household commander. One Bomgolu ten-thousand-household commander.
59
Four Tangbozhi eight-thousand-household commanders. One Jiamawa ten-thousand-household commander. One Zhayouwa ten-thousand-household commander.
60
The Yalibuzangsiwa Ten-thousand Households Office: one darughachi, commander, thousand-household commander, danli tutuq officer.
61
The Mi’erjun Ten-thousand Households Office: one darughachi, commander, Chuhoujiang eight-thousand-household commander, Bu’erbaga official.
62
宿 使 使簿 簿 使 使 使 使 使
The Imperial Provision Court, rank Senior Third Rank, supplied the imperial table. It oversaw grain, livestock, wine, produce, and all supplies for entertaining kin and guests; provisions for princes’ guards and keshig; Mongol household tribute; official levies; pastoral breeding; annual fodder; livestock prices; recovery of lost property—and governed the Imperial Food, Medicine, and Brew offices. Its internal and external subordinates selected their own personnel. In Zhiyuan 15 (1278) one court director, two associate directors and associate vice directors, two chief clerks, and one proofreader were appointed. In the twentieth year it was promoted to Junior Second Rank, with one more court director, two administrative directors, and three registry clerks. In the twenty-third year it reached Senior Second Rank, with two court vice directors appointed, registry clerks cut, and three chief clerks added. In the thirty-first year there were four court directors. In Dade 2 (1298) two associate directors were added. In the third year it was raised to Junior First Rank. In the fourth year two vice directors were appointed. In Huangqing 1 (1312) three court directors were added; a quota of ten thousand keshig was fixed, with this court distributing their provisions. Later fixed posts: six court directors, Junior First Rank; Associate directors: two posts, Senior Second Rank; Vice directors: two posts, Junior Second Rank; Vice court directors: two posts, Senior Third Rank; Associate vice directors: two posts, Senior Fourth Rank; Court vice directors: two posts, Senior Fifth Rank; Administrative directors: two posts, Junior Fifth Rank; Chief clerks: three posts, Junior Seventh Rank; Proofreader and Issuing and Filing Repository registrar, one each, Senior Eighth Rank; Twenty secretaries, six Mongol bitikchi, two Muslim secretaries, two qalmaq guards, two seal keepers, six record clerks, two Mongol scribes. Its subordinate offices are listed below.
63
祿沿 祿
The Court of Imperial Entertainments, rank Senior Third Rank, oversaw grain and yeast transport, the Drink and Brew bureaus, route wine shops, and circuit yeast distribution. In Zhiyuan 15 the general intendant was abolished and the court founded with one director, three vice directors, one chief clerk, proofreader, and registrar. In the twentieth year it became the Imperial Brew Directorate at Senior Fourth Rank. In the twenty-third year it was restored as the Court of Imperial Entertainments with two directors and one vice director and assistant director each. In the twenty-fourth year one vice director was added. In the twenty-fifth year it was placed under the Ministry. In the thirty-first year it returned to the Imperial Provision Court. In Yanyou 7 (1320) it was reduced to Junior Third Rank. It was later restored to Senior Third Rank. Fixed posts: four directors, Senior Third Rank; Vice directors: two posts, Junior Fourth Rank; Assistant directors: two posts, Junior Fifth Rank; Chief clerks: two posts, Junior Seventh Rank; Eight clerks, two translators and seal keepers, one interpreter, twenty-four memorial couriers, three record clerks, one Mongol scribe.
64
使使 使 使 使
The Dadu Imperial Drink Bureau, rank Junior Sixth Rank. Established in Zhongtong 4 (1263) with commissioner and vice commissioner bearing gold tallies, brewing fine wine for the court. In Zhiyuan 12 two vice commissioners were added. In the fifteenth year it was promoted to Junior Fifth Rank with one intendant. Later fixed posts: one intendant, Junior Fifth Rank; Commissioner: one post, Senior Sixth Rank; Vice commissioners: two posts, Senior Seventh Rank.
65
使使
The Shangdu Imperial Drink Bureau, rank Senior Fifth Rank. Established in the Huangqing era with one intendant, commissioner, and vice commissioner at the same ranks as Dadu.
66
使 使
The Dadu Imperial Brew Bureau, rank Junior Sixth Rank, brewed wine for princes and officials. In Zhongtong 4 the Imperial Wine Storehouse was founded with gold-tally dispatch commissioners. In Zhiyuan 11 an intendant was first appointed. In the sixteenth year it became the Imperial Brew Bureau at Junior Fifth Rank. Intendant: one post, Junior Fifth Rank; Commissioner: one post, Senior Sixth Rank; Vice commissioners: two posts, Senior Seventh Rank; Chief steward: one post, Senior Eighth Rank.
67
使使
The Shangdu Imperial Brew Bureau, rank Junior Fifth Rank. Established in Zhiyuan 29 with intendant, commissioner, vice commissioner, and chief steward at the same ranks as Dadu.
68
使 使
The Dadu Yeast Source Granary, rank Junior Sixth Rank, received brewing rice, tribute yeast, and materials for imperial brewing and annual grants. Established in Zhiyuan 25 with one intendant at Junior Sixth Rank; Commissioner: one post, Junior Seventh Rank; Vice commissioner: one post, Senior Eighth Rank.
69
使
The Shangdu Yeast Source Granary, rank Junior Ninth Rank, received Dadu shipments and brewed wine for the emperor’s traveling lodges. Established in Zhiyuan 25 with one commissioner and one chief steward.
70
The Imperial Delicacies Office, rank Junior Fifth Rank. It collected grain from Jining and other fields for brewing materials. First established in Zhiyuan 13 (1276). In the fifteenth year it was abolished and merged into regular offices. In the twenty-third year it was re-established. One darughachi and one director, both Junior Fifth Rank; Vice directors: two posts, Senior Seventh Rank; Two clerical heads.
71
The Anfeng Huaiyuan Rice Field Intendant Office, rank Junior Ninth Rank, managed rice fields and seed, shipping grain annually to the Yeast Source Granary. Fixed posts: two intendants.
72
使使
The Various Goods Storehouse, rank Junior Seventh Rank, handled receipts and disbursements. Established in Dade 4 with one intendant, commissioner, and vice commissioner.
73
The Lost Property Directorate, rank Senior Fourth Rank, managed unclaimed persons, animals, and goods. In Zhiyuan 20 the Lost Property Office was founded at Ninth Rank. In the twenty-fifth year it became a directorate at Senior Fourth Rank. In the twenty-eighth year it was promoted to Senior Third Rank. In Zhida 4 it was reduced to Senior Fourth Rank, then soon restored to Senior Third Rank. In Yanyou 7 it was again Senior Fourth Rank. Fixed posts: one director, Senior Fourth Rank; Vice directors: two posts, Senior Fifth Rank; Directorate assistants: two posts, Senior Sixth Rank; Administrative officer: one post, Junior Eighth Rank; Document controller: one post, Junior Ninth Rank; Five clerks, one translator, one seal keeper and interpreter, five memorial couriers.
74
使 使
The Imperial Food Bureau, rank Junior Fifth Rank, supplied imperial meals and managed oil, flour, butter, honey, and other provisions. In Zhiyuan 2 an intendant was appointed to receive raw materials of every kind. In the twentieth year the Medicine Bureau was merged into Food, and a separate raw materials storehouse was created. This bureau’s fixed posts: one intendant, Junior Fifth Rank; Commissioner: one post, Senior Sixth Rank; Vice commissioners: two posts, Senior Seventh Rank; Chief steward: one post, Senior Eighth Rank.
75
使 使
The Dadu Raw Materials Storehouse, rank Junior Fifth Rank. In Zhiyuan 11 the Raw Materials and Game Storehouse was founded under the Food Bureau. In the twentieth year a separate storehouse was founded on the Inner Treasury model, with two intendants at Junior Fifth Rank; Commissioners: two posts, Senior Sixth Rank; Vice commissioners: three posts, Senior Seventh Rank.
76
使使
The Shangdu Raw Materials Storehouse, rank Junior Fifth Rank, received regional oil and flour, Dadu shipments, supplied the inner palace, and provisioned palace staff. One intendant, one commissioner, two vice commissioners at the same ranks; Chief steward: one post, Senior Eighth Rank.
77
使 使 使
The Dadu and Shangdu Great Granaries, rank Senior Sixth Rank, stored palace rice and beans and brewing materials. Founded in Zhiyuan 5 (1268) with three officials under the State Revenue Commissioner. In the twelfth year the Great Granary Intendant Office was founded with three officials under the Provision Court. In the twenty-fifth year it was promoted to Senior Sixth Rank. Fixed posts: each granary had one intendant, Senior Sixth Rank; Commissioner: one post, Junior Sixth Rank; Vice commissioner: one post, Junior Seventh Rank.
78
使使 使
Dadu and Shangdu each had a Charcoal Bureau, founded in Zhiyuan 12 at Junior Sixth Rank. In the sixteenth year it became an intendant office at Fifth Rank. In Dade 8 (1304) it was restored as a bureau at Senior Seventh Rank. Each bureau had one darughachi at Senior Seventh Rank; Dadu had one commissioner; Shangdu had three, each at Senior Seventh Rank; Two vice commissioners each at Senior Eighth Rank; One chief steward each managing reed fields; One record clerk each.
79
The Imperial Herds Office, rank Junior Fifth Rank. Established in Zhida 4 (1311) with two intendants at Junior Fifth Rank; One associate intendant at Junior Sixth Rank; One vice intendant at Junior Seventh Rank; One clerical head.
80
使 使
The Sugar Bureau, rank Junior Fifth Rank, refined sugar and honey and handled tribute fruits. First established in Zhiyuan 13 at Junior Sixth Rank. In the seventeenth year one intendant was appointed. In the nineteenth year it was promoted to Junior Fifth Rank with one darughachi; Intendant: one post, Junior Fifth Rank; Commissioner: one post, Senior Sixth Rank; Vice commissioner: one post, Senior Seventh Rank.
81
使 使
The Ever-Ready Storehouse, rank Junior Fifth Rank. Established in Zhiyuan 14 (1277) at Junior Ninth Rank, it received capital storehouse shipments and Cloud Needs Office sheep for imperial travel provisions. In the twenty-fourth year it was promoted to Junior Fifth Rank with one intendant; Commissioner: one post, Senior Sixth Rank; Vice commissioner: one post, Senior Seventh Rank.
82
使
The Abundant Stores Granary, rank Junior Ninth Rank, one commissioner managing travel provisions.
83
西 西
The Huaidong and Huaixi Colonies and Hunting General Directorate, rank Senior Third Rank, supplied inner-palace revenues and hunting and fishing for imperial meals. Established in Zhiyuan 14, it also governed the Lianhai Gaoyou fisheries and Yizhou intendant offices. In the sixteenth year the Yangzhou Falconry darughachi directorate was founded. In the twenty-second year the two were merged into one directorate. In the twenty-fifth year the new hand-signal army thousand-households office was subordinated and ten intendant offices created. Fixed posts: one darughachi, Senior Third Rank; Director-general: one post, Senior Third Rank; Associate director: one post, Senior Fifth Rank; Prefectural vice director: one post, Senior Sixth Rank; Administrative director: one post, Junior Seventh Rank; Administrative officer: one post, Junior Eighth Rank; Document controller: one post, Junior Ninth Rank; Six clerks.
84
Nine intendant offices at Junior Fifth Rank: Huai’an, Gaoyou, Zhaosi, Andong Haizhou, Yangzhou Tongtai, Anfeng Luzhou, Zhenchao, and Tashan Xupi Yizhou. Each had one darughachi and one intendant at Junior Fifth Rank; Associate intendant: one post, Junior Sixth Rank; Vice intendant: one post, Junior Seventh Rank; Two clerical heads.
85
西西
Ten levy collection offices: Chaixu East and West Pass, Haizhou Xinba, Beisha Taicang, Anhe Taoyuan, Great Lake passes, Shibao Xinghua, Gaoyou Baoying, Wenhu, Yunshan Baishui, Andong. Each had intendant, associate intendant, and vice intendant under Provision Court patents.
86
滿 使 使
The Manpu Granary, rank Senior Eighth Rank, received regional grain awaiting capital shipment. Established in Zhiyuan 25 with one commissioner at Senior Eighth Rank; Vice commissioner: one post, Senior Ninth Rank.
87
The Round Rice and Soft Leather bureaus each had intendant, associate, and vice intendant under Provision Court patents.
88
The Hand-Signal Army Hunting Thousand-Households Office, rank Junior Fourth Rank, managed military hunting and furs. Established in Zhiyuan 25 with darughachi, senior commander, senior vice commander, and suppression officer. Seven upper centurion companies, each with two centurions.
89
Locations: Zhongli, Dingyuan, Zhenyangzhou, Anqing, Anfeng, Zhaosi, Hezhou. Two lower centurion companies, each with one centurion. Locations: Lianhai, Huaiyuan Army.
90
The Longqing Planting Intendant Office, rank Junior Fifth Rank, managed Jinyun grain and garden fruits for imperial tribute. Established in Zhiyuan 17 (1280). In Yanyou 7 (1320) Jinyun became Longqing Prefecture, giving the office its name. Fixed posts: one darughachi and one intendant, Junior Fifth Rank; Associate intendant: one post, Junior Sixth Rank; Vice intendant: one post, Junior Seventh Rank.
91
The Hongzhou Farming Intendant Office, rank Senior Sixth Rank, supplied wheat and flour to the inner palace. Fixed posts: one darughachi and one intendant, Senior Sixth Rank; Associate intendant: one post, Senior Seventh Rank; Vice intendant: one post, Senior Eighth Rank; One chief steward.
92
The Fengrun Office, rank Junior Fifth Rank, supplied annual fodder for camels and horses. Fixed posts: one darughachi and one director, Junior Fifth Rank; Vice director: one post, Junior Sixth Rank; Chief steward: one post, Senior Eighth Rank.
93
The Changhu Tea Plantation General Intendant Office, rank Senior Fourth Rank, managed over twenty-three thousand tea households in Chang and Hu circuits for imperial tribute. Established in Zhiyuan 13, governing thirteen sub-offices. In the sixteenth year it became a general intendant office. A separate Pingjiang Monopoly Tea Intendant Office managed annual tribute imperial tea. In the twenty-fourth year the Pingjiang office was abolished and its duties absorbed. Fixed posts: one darughachi and one intendant, Junior Fifth Rank; Associate intendant: one post, Junior Sixth Rank; Vice intendant: one post, Junior Seventh Rank; One document controller and one chief clerk.
94
Seven sub-offices, each with principal, associate, and vice intendants under Provision Court Ninth Rank patents. Locations: Wucheng, Wukang Deqing, Changxing, Anji, Gui’an, Humin, Yixing.
95
The Jianning Beiyuan Wuyi Tea Intendant Office: one intendant under Provision Court patent for annual tribute tea. Directly subordinate to the Imperial Provision Court.
96
殿 使使 使殿殿使殿殿殿殿使使使使
The Court of Imperial Ancestral Blessings, rank Junior First Rank, oversaw spirit-hall sacrifices on calendrical and memorial occasions. In Tianshun 1 (1328) the Huifu and Zhuxiang courts were abolished and the Taixi Court founded to oversee them. Initially at Senior Second Rank, it was raised to Junior First Rank, with two counselors and clerks redesignated secretaries. In the second year it was renamed; six court directors and two vice directors were appointed, with general directorates as subordinates. It uniformly governed all funds, grain, and construction. Fixed staff: six court directors for spirit halls, associate and vice directors for ritual roles, counselors, clerks, judges, and guest commissioners as listed.
97
The Pingsong Fuyuan Field Tax Intendant Office, rank Fifth Rank. One darughachi, intendant, associate intendant, vice intendant. Field Tax Intendant Office, rank Fifth Rank. One intendant, associate intendant, vice intendant.
98
使 使使
Resources Treasury: one intendant, one commissioner. Ten Thousand Blessings Treasury: one intendant, commissioner, vice commissioner.
99
The Jianghuai Colony Intendant Office, rank Junior Fifth Rank. First established in Zhiyuan 27 (1290). One darughachi, intendant, associate intendant, vice intendant.
100
使使
In Zhiyuan 29 ten locations including Wuqing formed the Dadu Populace Tenant Intendant Office. In the fifteenth year the Circuit Populace General Intendant Office was also established. In Tianshun 1 (1328) they were merged into the Dadu Populace Tenant Intendant Office. Fixed posts: one intendant, one commissioner, one vice commissioner.
101
使使
The Huifu Resources Office, rank Junior Seventh Rank. It managed grain, fodder, and supplies for the Great Temple of the Protecting State and Benevolent King. In Zhiyuan 17 (1280) the Resources Treasury was first established. In the twenty-sixth year the Surplus Granary was established. In Tianshun 1 the Resources Treasury and Surplus Granary were merged into one office. One intendant, one commissioner, two vice commissioners.
102
使使
The Zhongxiang Resources Office: in Zhida 2 (1309) the Various Goods Storehouse was first established. In the fourth year the Universal Relief Granary was established. In Tianshun 2 the storehouse and granary were merged into the Zhongxiang Resources Office. Fixed posts: one intendant, one commissioner, one vice commissioner.
103
使使
The Yongfu Resources Office handled disbursement of pigments and other goods. In Yanyou 3 (1316) the Various Goods Storehouse and Ever-Accumulating Granary were established. In Tianshun 2 they were merged into one office with intendant, commissioner, and vice commissioner. Zhenjiang Rice Field Intendant Office: one darughachi, intendant, associate intendant, vice intendant.
104
Bianliang Rice Field Intendant Office: one darughachi, intendant, associate intendant, vice intendant.
105
Pingjiang Field Tax Intendant Office: one darughachi, intendant, associate intendant, vice intendant. Jining Intendant Office: two intendants.
106
使 使 使使使
The Longxiang Commissioner’s Office, rank Senior Third Rank. In Tianshun 2 (1329) the empress founded the Great Supporting Heaven and Protecting Sage Temple and the Longxiang General Directorate with eight officials. In Zhishun 2 (1331) it became the Longxiang Commissioner’s Office at Junior Second Rank. Staff: four commissioners; two associate commissioners, vice commissioners, and bureau directors each; one administrative director; two chief clerks; proofreader-archive registrar; ten clerks; two translators, interpreters, and seal keepers; ten dispatchers; six record clerks.
107
使使
The Jiqing Longevity Construction General Directorate, rank Senior Fourth Rank. In Tianshun 2 the Longxiang and Longevity temples were built at Jiankang with a construction intendant office under Longxiang. In the third year it became the Construction General Directorate, managing construction funds and grain. Fixed posts: darughachi, director, commissioner, vice commissioner, administrative officer, document controller.
108
The Promoting Agriculture Intendant Office, rank Junior Fifth Rank, collected field taxes with standard intendant staff. In Tianshun 2 the Dadu Field Tax Intendant Office was subordinated to Longxiang. In the third year it was renamed the intendant office.
109
使使
The Protecting Sage Construction Directorate, rank Senior Fifth Rank, managed craftsmen, monks’ provisions, and building rents. In Tianshun 2 the Great Protecting Sage Construction Intendant Office was founded. In the third year it became a directorate.
110
Pingjiang Promoting Agriculture Intendant Office, rank Junior Fifth Rank; in Tianshun 2 a field tax office with four officials was founded. In the third year it was renamed the Promoting Agriculture Intendant Office.
111
使使
The Shanying Treasury, subordinate to Longxiang from Tianshun 2, had intendant, commissioner, and vice commissioner managing gold, silver, and funds.
112
The Jingxiang Relief Agriculture Incense Households Intendant Office, rank Senior Fifth Rank. In Tianshun 3 Jingxiang’s Henan and Huguang lands became temple endowment; the office was renamed and subordinated to Longxiang with full staff.
113
Longqing Field Tax Intendant Office, rank Ninth Rank: one intendant, one vice intendant. Established in Tianshun 2, it collected Longqing Prefecture’s annual field tax.
114
使使
Pingjiang Jiqing Chongxi Field Tax Intendant Office: intendant, associate intendant, vice intendant. First established in Tianshun 3 (1330). Jiqing Chongxi Resources Office: one commissioner, one vice commissioner. First established in Tianshun 3.
115
使使
The Wan’an Construction Directorate, rank Senior Fifth Rank. In Tianshun 3, after the Wan’an transport office was abolished, the construction directorate was re-established with full staff.
116
使使
The Yansheng Construction Directorate, rank Senior Fifth Rank. The Tianyuan Construction Intendant Office was founded first; in Tianshun 3 it became a directorate. Fixed posts: darughachi, director, commissioner, vice commissioner, chief clerk.
117
使
Various Goods Storehouse: one intendant, one commissioner.
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