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卷九十 志第四十: 百官六

Volume 90 Treatises 43: Official Posts 6

Chapter 90 of 元史 · History of Yuan
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Chapter 90
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1
Official Posts, Part Six.
2
調殿 使 殿
The Metropolitan Garrison Commission at Dadu held rank 2a. It guarded the palace and capital, coordinated the circuit's supplies and related duties, and also oversaw repairs to inner-palace residences, metropolitan ancestral temples, imperial workshops for vehicles and regalia, hall furnishings and banners, gardens within the palace, sites used for imperial travel, bathing, feasts, and outings, and the locking and opening of gates and keys. Metropolitan commissioners: five posts at rank 2a; Associate commissioners: two posts at rank 3a; Deputy metropolitan commissioners: two posts at rank 4a; Judicial administrators: two posts at rank 5a; Administrative aide: one post at rank 6b; Secretariat clerks: two posts at rank 7b; Controller of the document-dispatch archive: one post at rank 8a; One auditor and materials-check officer; one works officer who also commanded the moat camp; eighteen clerks; seventeen envoy clerks; five archive clerks; two seal keepers; three Mongol paiza scribes; one Muslim clerk; and one interpreter. In Zhiyuan 19 (1282), the Palace Works Office and its traveling Works Department were abolished and the Metropolitan Garrison Commission at Dadu was created, combining the route chief administrator's role with supervision of the Palace Manufactories Directorate. In year 21 (1284), a separate Dadu Route chief prefectural office was set up for civil administration, and the Palace Manufactories Directorate was placed back under the Metropolitan Garrison Commission. In Huangqing 1 (1312), the Palace Manufactories Directorate was established as a separate agency. In Yanyou 7 (1320), the Palace Manufactories Directorate was abolished and its supervision was again assigned to the metropolitan commissioner. Its subordinate offices are listed below:
3
殿使使
The Inner Palace Construction Office held rank 5b. It directed fourteen bureaus comprising 450 artisan households and handled palace construction and manufacturing in Dadu. Its staff comprised one intendant, one director, one vice director, five chief artisans, one clerical supervisor, one auditor, seven works officers, and six secretariat clerks. It was established in Zhongtong 2 (1261). During the Zhiyuan era the artisan households were increased to 1,272 in all. Its subordinate offices are listed below:
4
殿
The Large Carpentry Bureau had seven superintendents and three controllers and handled repairs to halls and pavilions. It was established in Zhongtong 2 (1261).
5
The Small Carpentry Bureau had two superintendents, one associate superintendent, three deputy superintendents, two controllers, and four supervisors. It was established in Zhongtong 4 (1263). The Plaster and Tiled-Roof Bureau had eight superintendents and two controllers. It was established in Zhongtong 4 (1263). The Chariot Bureau had two superintendents and one controller. It was established in Zhongtong 5 (1264).
6
The Mounting and Nailing Bureau had two superintendents and two associate superintendents. It was established in Zhongtong 4 (1263).
7
The Copper Bureau had one superintendent, one associate superintendent, and one controller. It was established in Zhongtong 4 (1263). The six bureaus above all held rank 8b. The Bamboo-Work Bureau had two superintendents and one supervisor. It was established in Zhongtong 4 (1263). The Rope Bureau had two superintendents. It was first established in Zhongtong 5 (1264).
8
使 使 殿
The Attendant Service Office held rank 5b. It managed specialized craftwork for inner-palace princely residences, repairs and ritual supplies for temples and monasteries, and directed 700 artisan households. Director: one post at rank 5b; Vice director: one post at rank 7a; Chief artisans: three posts at rank 8a; One clerical supervisor and two secretariat clerks. When the dynasty was founded and palaces were built in the two capitals, this office was created to supply labor for construction. Its subordinate offices are listed below:
9
殿 殿
The Lacquer Bureau had five superintendents plus one associate and one deputy superintendent and handled lacquer work on palaces in both capitals. It was established in Zhongtong 1 (1260). The Painting Bureau had five superintendents and one controller and handled decorative painting in the halls. It was established in Zhongtong 1 (1260).
10
殿 殿 殿
The Gilding Bureau had one superintendent and two controllers and handled gilding and inlay work in the halls. It was established in Zhongtong 4 (1263). The Mounting Bureau had one superintendent and handled mounting and finishing work in the halls. It was established in Zhongtong 2 (1261). The Cinnabar-Burning Bureau had two superintendents and supplied the cinnabar pigments used in the palaces. It was established in Zhiyuan 1 (1264).
11
殿 使 使
The Implements Bureau held rank 5b. It handled repairs to inner-palace halls, capital gates, and temple and government offices, and produced imperial saddlery, palanquins, tent carts, gold and treasure implements, and every refined craft; all miscellaneous artisan households fell under its jurisdiction. Director: one post at rank 5b; Vice director: one post at rank 7a; Chief artisans: two posts at rank 8a; One clerical supervisor and two secretariat clerks. In Zhongtong 4 (1263) the Imperial Implements Bureau was first established under provincial directives. In Zhiyuan 7 (1270) it was renamed the Implements Bureau at the rank stated above. Its subordinate offices are listed below:
12
殿
The Iron Bureau had three superintendents, three controllers, and one supervisor and handled light fine ironwork for the halls. It was established in Zhongtong 4 (1263).
13
殿
The Iron Bureau had three superintendents, three controllers, and one supervisor and handled light fine ironwork for the halls. It was established in Zhongtong 4 (1263).
14
The Forged-Iron Bureau had one controller and two supervisors and made imperial and princely belt plaques and fittings. It was established in Zhongtong 4 (1263). The Casket and Bowl Bureau had two superintendents and made imperial belt plaques. It was established in Zhongtong 4 (1263). The Saddlery Bureau had three superintendents and made imperial saddlery and elephant palanquins. It was established in Zhongtong 4 (1263).
15
The Yangshan Saddlery Bureau had one superintendent and one supervisor. It made routine saddlery and related items. It was established in Zhiyuan 18 (1281).
16
殿
The Netting Bureau had two superintendents and one controller and made palace screen nets. It was established in Zhongtong 4 (1263).
17
The Knife Bureau had two supervisors and made imperial and princely jeweled belt knives. It was established in Zhongtong 4 (1263). The Turning Bureau had two superintendents and made imperial turned wooden implements of unusual design. It was established in Zhongtong 4 (1263). The Silver Bureau had one superintendent and made imperial gold and silver vessels, caskets, belt plaques, and related items. It was established in Zhongtong 4 (1263).
18
The Palanquin Bureau had one superintendent and made imperial unusual wooden saddles and related items. It was established in Zhongtong 4 (1263).
19
使使殿
The Quarrying Bureau held rank 7b with one director and one vice director. It directed laborers and artisans in quarrying stone for inner-palace halls, temples, bridges, and sluice gates. In Zhiyuan 4 (1267) a chief quarrying bureau was established. In year 11 (1274) more than 2,000 quarrying households were assigned to permanent labor and the Quarrying Intendant's Office for Dadu and other regions was created. In year 26 (1289) the intendant's office was abolished and the Quarrying Bureau was established.
20
The Mountain Yards had one superintendent and five controllers. It was established in Zhiyuan 4 (1267).
21
The Dadu City Gate Commanders held rank 6a with two commanders and one deputy commander and controlled gates, their opening and closing, and keys. Established in Zhiyuan 20 (1283), the posts were filled from the four imperial guards and ba'aturqachi. In year 24 (1287) the Six Guards personal army again shared gate duty. There were eleven gates in all: Lizheng, Wenming, Shuncheng, Pingze, Heyi, Suqing, Anzhen, Jiande, Guangxi, Chongren, and Qihua. Each gate was staffed as described above.
22
使使殿 使
The Rhinoceros Horn and Ivory Bureau held rank 6b with one director, vice director, and chief artisan and one secretariat clerk. It handled palace repairs in both capitals involving rhinoceros horn, ivory, dragon beds, tables, belt plaques, and related items. It was established in Zhongtong 4 (1263) with one official post. In Zhiyuan 5 (1268) a vice director was added to oversee 150 artisan households. Its subordinate offices are listed below:
23
殿
The Carved-Wood Bureau had one superintendent and handled repairs to palace incense pavilions. It was established in Zhiyuan 11.
24
殿
The Ivory Bureau had one superintendent and one controller and handled ivory dragon beds and related palace work. It was established in Zhiyuan 11.
25
使使 使使
The Four Kiln Yards at Dadu held rank 6b with one superintendent, director, and vice director. They directed more than 300 artisan households in producing plain white glazed tiles and bricks and were subordinate to the Palace Manufactories Directorate. It was established in Zhiyuan 13. It had three subordinates. The South Kiln Yard had one director and one vice director. It was established in Zhongtong 4.
26
西使使 使使
The West Kiln Yard had one director and one vice director. It was established in Zhiyuan 4. The Glazed-Tile Bureau had one director and one vice director. It was established in Zhongtong 4.
27
The Fanzshan Timber-Harvesting Intendant's Office held rank 5b. It managed timber felling for chariots and other woodwork and produced zhisun belt plaques, knife hilts, and related items. Darugachi and intendant: one post each at rank 5b; Associate intendant: one post at rank 7a; Deputy intendant: one post at rank 8a; One clerical supervisor and six secretariat clerks. It was established in Zhiyuan 14.
28
The Shangdu Mountain-Quarrying Superintendent's Office held rank 8b with one superintendent, deputy superintendent, and supervisor. In Zhiyuan 9, timber harvesting and lime burning required conscripting 163 laborer and artisan households, and officials were established to oversee them.
29
The laborer-and-artisan offices for Fanzshan, Wanping, and other regions had two superintendents, two associate superintendents, and one superintendent overseeing timber-cart households. It was established in Zhiyuan 15.
30
使 使 殿
The Equipment Storehouse held rank 5b with one intendant at rank 5b; Director: one post at rank 6b; Vice directors: two posts at rank 7a; Chief artisans: four posts at rank 8a, overseeing more than two thousand gold, silver, and treasure implements for the halls. It was established in Zhiyuan 27.
31
使
The Tanned-Hide Bureau held rank 7a with one director overseeing more than thirty artisan households. It was established in Zhiyuan 7. In year 14 its rank was first fixed. In year 21 it was placed under the Metropolitan Garrison Commission. Each year it supplied more than two thousand pieces of cured red tanned sheepskin.
32
The Imperial Park Office held rank 7b with one director, one vice director, and one chief artisan. It managed palace gardens, supplied fruits and vegetables, grew alfalfa for camels and horses, and stockpiled coal for construction. It was established in Zhiyuan 24.
33
西
The Nurture-and-Plant Garden had two superintendents and managed coal washing in the Western Hills and black and white charcoal burning at Yangshan for construction. It was established in Zhongtong 3. The Flower Garden had two controllers and managed flowers, fruits, and trees. It was established in Zhiyuan 24. The Alfalfa Garden had three superintendents and grew alfalfa to feed horses, camels, and sheep for the imperial table.
34
殿殿 使 使 西 使
The Ceremonial Paraphernalia Bureau held rank 5a. It managed hall lighting and arrangements, locks and keys for halls, baths, and gates, dragon boats in the park, cages of rare birds and beasts, supplies for sacrifices in the inner palaces and ancestral temple, curtain sewing, sweeping the inner quarters, and directed more than 230 households of candle-bearers, boatmen, musicians, snake-keepers, and others. Rotating keshig directors on duty: four posts at rank 5a; Vice directors: two posts at rank 6b; Chief artisans: two posts at rank 8a; One chief clerk, two document clerks, and one storehouse keeper. The bureau was established in Zhiyuan 11 at rank 7a. In year 23 it was raised to rank 5a. In Zhida 4, when Emperor Renzong resided in the Western Palace, a separate Ceremonial Paraphernalia Bureau was established with the same organization. In Yanyou 7 two directors were added, filled by eunuchs. It oversaw four superintendent offices:
35
Candle-bearers: eight superintendents and four supervisors. Boatmen: two superintendents. Needleworkers: one superintendent. The Candle Bureau had one superintendent.
36
使使殿
The Timber Yard had one superintendent, one director, and one vice director and received and issued timber for palace construction. In Zhiyuan 4 the South and East timber yards were established. In year 17 they were merged into one yard.
37
The Dadu Route Intendant's Office Overseeing Artisans of All Categories held rank 5b and adjudicated marriage and land disputes among artisan households in Dadu. Intendant: one post at rank 5b; Associate intendant: one post at rank 7a; Deputy intendant: one post at rank 8a; One clerical supervisor and two secretariat clerks. In Zhongtong 4 the Artisans' Auru Chief Prefectural Office was established at rank 4b. In Zhiyuan 12 it was renamed an intendant's office. In year 15 it also oversaw quarrying households at the same rank.
38
使使
The Zhending and Dongping route artisan overseers held rank 7b with one director and one vice director per route. They were established in Zhongtong 4.
39
使使
The Baoding route and Xuande prefecture artisan overseers held rank 7b. Baoding: one director, one vice director, and one artisan overseer; Xuande: two posts. They were established in Zhongtong 4.
40
使
The Daming route artisan overseer held rank 7b with one director and three artisan overseers. It was established in Zhongtong 4.
41
使使
The Jinning, Jining, Datong, and Hejian route artisan overseers held rank 7b with one director and one vice director per route. They were established in Zhongtong 4.
42
使使
The Receipt-and-Issue Storehouse held rank 9a and received and issued construction supplies. Its staff comprised one intendant, one director, two vice directors, two chief artisans, and two storehouse keepers. It was established in Zhiyuan 4.
43
使使
The Miscellaneous Materials Storehouse held rank 8b and managed inner-palace timber, exotic timber from Jiangnan, and supplies for official temple vegetarian feasts. It had one director, one vice director, and two storehouse clerks. It was established in Zhida 4.
44
使使
The Ancestral Temple Receipt-and-Issue Materials Storehouse held rank 8b with one director, one vice director, and four storehouse clerks. It was first established in Zhizhi 2 for construction of the ancestral temple.
45
使使
The South and North Temple Receipt-and-Issue Materials Storehouses held rank 7b with one superintendent and one director each, two vice directors, and ten storehouse staff in all. It was first established in Zhizhi 1 for building Shou'an Temple.
46
使
The Broad Beneficence Office held rank 3a. Commissioners: two posts at rank 3a; Associate commissioners: two posts at rank 4a; Vice commissioners: two posts at rank 5a; Judicial administrators: two posts at rank 6a; Two administrative aides, two case managers, and one auditor. It oversaw contract hiring, government purchases, construction and weaving labor, and the supply of goods. In Zhiyuan 14 the Verification Office's inspection officials were reorganized to also oversee the Market Regulations Intendant's Office. In Dade 5 officials were again split from the Dadu Route chief prefectural office and the Supply-and-Demand Office was established. In Zhishun 2 it was abolished and the Broad Beneficence Office was established.
47
The Armory Temple held rank 3a. It repaired weapons and also received and issued them. Ministers: four posts at rank 3a; Associate judges: six posts at rank 3b; Vice ministers: four posts at rank 4b; Assistants: four posts at rank 5b; One administrative aide, one case manager, one auditor who also supervised documents, one controller of the document-dispatch archive, two bow-inspection officers, two sinew-horn-and-feather inspection officers, and thirteen clerks. In Zhiyuan 5 the Weapons Directorate was first established at rank 4. In year 19 it was raised to rank 3a. In year 20 the Court of Imperial Guards was established. The Weapons Directorate was reorganized as the Armory Directorate at rank 4a, subordinate to the Court of Imperial Guards. In year 21 the directorate became a temple coequal with the Court of Imperial Guards. In Dade 11 it was promoted to a court. In Zhida 4 it was restored as a temple with officials as before. Subordinate officials were chosen from skilled members of its artisan households.
48
使 使
The Shouwu Storehouse held rank 5b with two intendants at rank 5b; Directors: two posts at rank 6a; Vice directors: four posts at rank 7a; Ten storehouse keepers. It was established in Zhiyuan 10 by reorganizing the Clothing and Armor Storehouse.
49
使使
The Fine Weapons Storehouse held rank 5b with three intendants, two directors, and three vice directors at the same ranks as the Shouwu Storehouse, plus ten storehouse keepers. The Weapons Storehouse was first established in Zhiyuan 5. In year 10 it took unified charge of weapons on all routes and was renamed the Fine Weapons Storehouse.
50
使使
The Guangsheng Storehouse held rank 5b. It managed annual weapons production at Pingyang, Taiyuan, and elsewhere to supply northern border expedition and garrison forces. One Darugachi, one director, one vice director, and one storehouse keeper.
51
使
The Datong Route Weapons Artisan Intendant's Office held rank 5b with one Darugachi and one intendant, both at rank 5b; Associate intendant: one post at rank 7a; Vice intendant: one post at rank 8a. Subordinates: the Fengzhou Armor Bureau had one yard director. The Yingzhou Armor Bureau had one yard director. The Pingdi County Armor Bureau had one yard director. The Shanyin County Armor Bureau had one yard director. The Baideng County Armor Bureau had one section head. The Fengzhou Bow Bureau had one director. The Saifuding Bow Bureau had one section head.
52
使使 使
The Pingyang Route Weapons Artisan Intendant's Office held rank 6a with one Darugachi and one each of intendant, associate intendant, and vice intendant. Subordinates: the route appanage miscellaneous manufacture bureau had one director and one vice director. The Jiangzhou Armor Bureau had one director.
53
使使
The Taiyuan Route Weapons Artisan Bureau held rank 7a with one Darugachi, one bureau director, one vice director, and one clerical supervisor.
54
The Baoding Weapons Artisan Intendant's Office held rank 6b with one each of Darugachi, intendant, associate intendant, and vice intendant. Subordinates: the Hejian Armor Bureau had one yard director. The Qizhou Anping County Armor Bureau had one yard director. The Lingzhou Arrow Bureau had one section head.
55
The Zhending Route Weapons Artisan Intendant's Office held rank 6b with one each of Darugachi, intendant, associate intendant, and vice intendant. Subordinates: the Jizhou Armor Bureau had one yard director.
56
使 使
The Huaimeng-Henan and Other Routes Weapons Artisan Bureau held rank 7a with one bureau director and one bureau vice director. Subordinates: the Huaimeng Route Bow Bureau had one yard director. The Bianliang Route Weapons Bureau held rank 7a with one bureau director and one bureau vice director. Subordinates: the Changke Bow Bureau had one yard director. The Changke Armor Bureau had one yard director.
57
使 使使 使使
The Yidu-Jinan Arrow Bureau held rank 7a with one bureau director. The Zhangde Route Weapons Artisan Bureau held rank 7a with one director and one vice director. The Daming Weapons Bureau held rank 7a with one director and one vice director.
58
The Shangdu Armor Artisan Intendant's Office held rank 5b with one each of intendant, associate intendant, and vice intendant. Subordinates: the Xingzhou Baijuzi Armor Bureau had one yard director. The Xingzhou Qianhu Stockade Armor Bureau had one yard director. The Songzhou Wuzhiyan Armor Bureau had one yard director. The Songzhou Sheng'an Armor Bureau had one yard director.
59
使使 使 使使
The Liaohé River Region and Other Places Intendant's Office for Artisans of All Categories held rank 5b with one each of Darugachi, intendant, and associate intendant. Subordinates: the Liaogai Bow Bureau had one director and one vice director. The Gaizhou Armor Bureau had one bureau director. The Shangdu Miscellaneous Manufacture Bureau held rank 7a with one director and one vice director.
60
使使
The Fengsheng Prefecture Weapons Bureau held rank 7b with one director and one vice director.
61
The Yuzhou Weapons Artisan Intendant's Office held rank 6a with one each of Darugachi, intendant, associate intendant, and vice intendant.
62
The Xuande Prefecture Weapons Artisan Intendant's Office held rank 6a with one each of Darugachi, intendant, associate intendant, and vice intendant. The Guangping Route Armor Bureau had one yard director.
63
The Dongping and Other Routes Weapons Artisan Intendant's Office held rank 5b with one each of Darugachi, intendant, associate intendant, and vice intendant.
64
The Tongzhou Armor Artisan Intendant's Office held rank 6a with one each of Darugachi, intendant, associate intendant, and vice intendant.
65
使使
The Jizhou Armor Artisan Intendant's Office held rank 5a with one each of Darugachi, intendant, associate intendant, and vice intendant. The Qianzhou Weapons Bureau held rank 5b with one director and one vice director.
66
使使
The Dadu Armor Artisan Intendant's Office held rank 6a with one each of Darugachi, intendant, associate intendant, and vice intendant. The Dadu Arrow Bureau held rank 7b with one director and one vice director.
67
使使
The Daning Route Weapons Artisan Intendant's Office held rank 6b with one each of Darugachi, intendant, associate intendant, and vice intendant. The Fengzhou Miscellaneous Manufacture Bureau held rank 6a with one each of Darugachi, director, and vice director. The Guide Prefecture Weapons Bureau had one yard director.
68
使使 使使
The Runing Prefecture Weapons Bureau had one yard director. The Chenzhou Weapons Bureau had one yard director. The Xuzhou Weapons Bureau held rank 7b with one director and one vice director. The Xianping Prefecture Weapons Artisan Bureau held rank 7b with one each of Darugachi, director, and vice director.
69
使使 使使
The Dadu Bow Artisan Intendant's Office held rank 5a with one each of Darugachi, intendant, associate intendant, and vice intendant. Subordinates: the Shuangda Bow Bureau had one director and one vice director. The Chengjiri Bow Bureau had one director and one vice director. The Tongzhou Bow Bureau had one yard director.
70
使使
The Dadu Bowstring Bureau had one director and one vice director. In Zhiyuan 30 the intendant's office was reorganized as a bureau.
71
使使 使使
The Longxing Route Weapons Artisan Bureau had one each of Darugachi, director, and vice director. It was established in Zhiyuan 30. The Pingluan Route Weapons Artisan Bureau had one director and one vice director. It was established in Zhiyuan 30. The Dadu Miscellaneous Manufacture Bureau had two superintendents. It was established in Yuanzhen 2.
72
調
The Court of the Imperial Stud held rank 2b. It managed atasi horses and received, issued, and manufactured saddlery and bridles. The Herd Pasturage Office was established in Zhongtong 4. It was renamed the Imperial Pasturage Directorate in Zhiyuan 16. In year 19 it was reorganized as the Imperial Stud Court. In year 20 it became the Court of Imperial Guards. In year 24 the court was abolished and the Court of the Imperial Stud was established. A separate Court of Imperial Mounts was also set up to manage saddlery and bridles, while this office managed only atasi horses. In year 25 it was subordinated to the Secretariat and two supervisory officials were appointed. In Dade 11 it was again reorganized as the Imperial Stud Court. In Zhida 4 it remained a temple. Ministers: two posts at rank 2b; Vice ministers: two posts at rank 4b; Assistants: two posts at rank 5b; One administrative aide, one case manager, one auditor, and one controller; seven clerks; two translators, two seal keepers, and two interpreters; four memorial envoys; one Muslim clerk; and two archive clerks.
73
輿
The Court of Imperial Mounts held rank 3a. It managed the emperor's saddlery, bridles, carriages, and palanquins. It also managed atasi herds of gelded horses, donkeys, and mules; oversaw saddle and related manufacture at route bureaus and offices; received and disbursed annual provincial saddle production; adjudicated lawsuits of the four keshig atachi; and procured horses from distant northern and southern regions, among other duties. Ministers: four posts at rank 3a; Vice ministers: two posts at rank 4b; Assistants: two posts at rank 5b; One administrative aide, one case manager, one auditor, and one controller; six clerks; two translators; two seal keepers; two interpreters; five memorial envoys; and two archive clerks. In Zhiyuan 24, the Court of Imperial Guards was abolished and the Court of Imperial Mounts was first established to oversee the Mount Equipment Storehouse. In Dade 11 it was promoted to a court at rank 2b. In Zhida 4 it was restored as a temple office. In Yanyou 7 it was lowered to rank 3b.
74
使 使
The Mount Equipment Storehouse held rank 5b; intendants: four posts at rank 5b; Directors: three posts at rank 6a; Vice directors: four posts at rank 7a; Storehouse keepers: four. It received and disbursed saddles, bridles, and related items. It was established in Zhiyuan 13. In year 20 it was subordinated to the Court of Imperial Guards. In year 24 it was placed under the Court of Imperial Mounts.
75
The Changxin Court held rank 3a and oversaw all affairs of the great ordu's qerlen retainers. Ministers: four posts at rank 3a; Vice ministers: two posts at rank 4b; Court assistants: two posts at rank 5b; One administrative aide and one case manager; six clerks; two translators and two seal keepers; one interpreter; and four memorial envoys. It was established in Dade 5. In Zhida 1 it was reorganized and promoted to a court. In year 4 it was restored as a temple office with five ministers; one vice minister was added, filled by a eunuch. In Yanyou 7 one court minister and one vice minister were cut, and the fixed establishment was set as above.
76
The Qerlen Multicraft Artisan Intendant's Office held rank 5b. It directed the iron bureaus at Dadu and Shangdu together with qerlen artisans, supplying timber, iron, charcoal, hides, and goods of every kind for the needs of each branch tent and household of the ordu. One Darugachi; one each of intendant, associate intendant, and vice intendant; one clerical supervisor; and four secretariat clerks. It was established in Zhiyuan 25.
77
使使 使使
The Dadu Iron Bureau held rank 5b. It manufactured decorated, nail-studded ordu wagons for upper and lower ordu travel. Its staff comprised one director, one vice director, and one chief artisan. It was established in Zhiyuan 12. The Shangdu Iron Bureau had one director and one vice director. It was established in Zhiyuan 16. Its duties were the same as before.
78
The Changqiu Court held rank 3a and managed registered population, funds, grain, and repairs for Emperor Wuzong's five ordus. Court ministers: six posts at rank 3a; Vice ministers: two posts at rank 4b; Court assistants: two posts at rank 5b; One administrative aide and one case manager; six clerks; two translators and two seal keepers; one interpreter; and four memorial envoys. It was established in Huangqing 2. It had two subordinates:
79
The Chenghui Court held rank 3a and managed funds, grain, and repairs for Empress Darmaširi's household establishment. Court ministers: six posts at rank 3a; Vice ministers: two posts at rank 4b; Court assistants: two posts at rank 5b; One administrative aide and one case manager; six clerks; two translators and two seal keepers; one interpreter; and four memorial envoys. It was established in Zhizhi 1. It had two subordinates:
80
Two Qerlen Multicraft Artisan Intendant's Offices, each at rank 5a. Each had one Darugachi; one each of intendant, associate intendant, and vice intendant; one clerical supervisor; and three secretariat clerks. They were established in Zhizhi 3.
81
The Changning Court held rank 3a and managed registered population, funds, grain, and repairs for Emperor Yingzong's empress Sugabala's household establishment. Court ministers: six posts at rank 3a; Vice ministers: two posts at rank 4b; Court assistants: two posts at rank 5b; One administrative aide and one case manager; six clerks in the administrative staff; two translators and two seal keepers; one kerämači; and four memorial envoys. It was established in Zhizhi 3.
82
The Changqing Court held rank 3a. It managed Emperor Chengzong's ordu and the yearly provision of food and clothing for the Heshi residence, keshig guards on imperial progresses, and related personnel. Court ministers: six posts; vice ministers: two posts; assistants: two posts; ranks the same as the Changning Court; One administrative aide and one case manager; six clerks; two translators and two seal keepers; one kerämači; and four memorial envoys. It was established in Taiding 1.
83
The Ninghui Court held rank 3a and was subordinate to Empress Babusha's household establishment. Court ministers: six posts; vice ministers: four posts; assistants: two posts; ranks the same as the Changqing Court; One administrative aide and one case manager. It was established in Tianli 2.
84
The Grand Treasury Directorate held rank 3a. It oversaw the Left and Right Treasuries and other storehouses and managed the receipts and disbursements of money and silks. Grand ministers: six posts at rank 3a; Grand supervisors: six posts at rank 3b; Assistant supervisors: five posts at rank 4b; Assistants: five posts at rank 5a; One administrative aide, one case manager, and one auditor; eight clerks; three translators; one interpreter and one seal keeper; and four memorial envoys. It was established in Zhongtong 4. In Zhiyuan 4 it became the Xuanhui-Grand Treasury Directorate, and all inner-palace treasury storehouses were placed under it. In year 8 it was raised to rank 3a. In Dade 9 it was reorganized as a court at rank 2b; court vice commissioners were partly filled by eunuchs. In Zhida 4 it was restored as a directorate with the fixed establishment stated above.
85
綿 使 使
The Inner Treasury Storehouse held rank 5b. It received and disbursed imperial-use fabrics for princes, nashishi silks, gauzes, velvets, brocades, southern cottons, aromatics, and goods of every kind. Intendants: four posts at rank 5b; Directors: two posts at rank 6a; Vice directors: two posts at rank 7a. In Zhiyuan 2 an agency was established at Shangdu. In year 19 an agency was established at Dadu, headed by eunuchs. There was also a traveling inner treasury; in year 28 it was abolished, leaving only the inner treasury and the left and right treasuries.
86
使使
The Right Treasury had four intendants, two directors, and two vice directors at the same ranks as above. It received and disbursed gold and silver, treasure notes, zhisun fabrics, crystal, agate, uncut jade, and related items. It was established in Zhiyuan 19.
87
使使綿綿
The Left Treasury had four intendants, two directors, and two vice directors at the same ranks as above. It received and disbursed regular tax levies, purchased gauzes, silks, cloth, silk floss, cotton, velvets, brocades, cotton padding, furnishings, clothing, and related items. It was established in Zhiyuan 19.
88
The Expenditure Directorate held rank 3a and supplied fodder and grain for horses and camels. Ministers: three posts at rank 3a; Grand supervisors: two posts at rank 3b; Assistant supervisors: three posts at rank 4b; Directorate assistants: two posts at rank 5b; Two administrative aides; one case manager; one document supervisor; one auditor who also served as controller; fourteen clerks; four translators; three interpreters and seal keepers; four memorial envoys; and five archive clerks. At the founding of the dynasty, a bekösin was established. In Zhiyuan 8 a senior minister was appointed to head it. In year 13 the bekösin was abolished and the Xuanhui commissioner assumed its duties concurrently. In Zhida 2 the Expenditure Court was established. In year 4 it was reorganized as a directorate.
89
The Utilization Directorate held rank 3a and received and disbursed hides, goods, and clothing. Directorate ministers: eight posts at rank 3a; Grand supervisors: five posts at rank 3b; Assistant supervisors: five posts at rank 4b; Directorate assistants: four posts at rank 5a; One administrative aide, one case manager, one auditor, and one controller; eight clerks; two translators; one interpreter and one seal keeper; six memorial envoys; and three archive clerks. It was established in Zhiyuan 10. In year 20 it was abolished; in year 26 it was restored. In Dade 11 it was reorganized as a court. In Zhida 4 it was restored as a directorate.
90
使 使
The Expenditure Storehouse held rank 5b; intendants: two posts at rank 5b; Directors: three posts at rank 6a; Vice directors: five posts at rank 7a; Storehouse keepers: five. It was established in Zhiyuan 2 and subordinated to the Grand Treasury Directorate. In year 10 it was subordinated to the Utilization Directorate.
91
The Qerlen Hide Bureau Artisan Intendant's Office held rank 5a; two intendants, one associate intendant, and one clerical supervisor. In Zhongtong 1 the bureau was established. In Zhiyuan 6 it was reorganized as an intendant's office.
92
使使
The Miscellaneous Manufacture Double-thread Bureau held rank 8b and manufactured inner-palace hides, hawk caps, and related items. It had one director, one vice director, one chief artisan, and one archive clerk.
93
使使
The Cured Hide Bureau managed the annual curing of wild beast hides and related goods. It had one director, one vice director, and one chief artisan. It was established in Zhiyuan 20.
94
使使
The Soft Hide Bureau managed fine-grade sable, wild beast hides, and hides of every color for the inner palace. It had one director, one vice director, and one chief artisan. It was established in Zhiyuan 25.
95
使
The Flank Hide Bureau managed the annual curing of inner-palace wild horse hide flanks of every color. It had two vice directors. It was established in Zhiyuan 20.
96
使
The Sable Intendant's Office held rank 5b; one intendant; one associate intendant; and one vice intendant. It was established in Zhiyuan 20. The Sable Bureau had two vice directors and one chief artisan. It was established in Zhiyuan 19.
97
使
The Dyeing Bureau had one vice director, one chief artisan, and one controller. It managed the annual dyeing of hides. It was first established in Zhiyuan 20.
98
使使
The Cured Hide Bureau held rank 7b; one director; one vice director; one archive clerk; and one secretariat clerk. It was established in Zhiyuan 6.
99
使 使
The Capital Reserve Storehouse held rank 5b and manufactured felt goods. Intendants: three posts at rank 5b; Directors: three posts at rank 6a; Vice directors: three posts at rank 7a. It was established in Zhiyuan 2 and subordinated to the Grand Treasury Directorate. In year 23 it was placed under the directorate.
100
The Directorate of Insignia held rank 3a and managed imperial robes and precious girdles collected by eunuch sugurči. Directorate ministers: five posts at rank 3a; Grand supervisors: four posts at rank 3b; Assistant supervisors: two posts at rank 4b; Directorate assistants: two posts at rank 5a; One administrative aide, one case manager, and one auditor; seven clerks; two translators; two interpreters; and four memorial envoys. It was established in Zhiyuan 22. In Zhida 1 it was raised to a court at rank 2b. In year 4 it was restored as a directorate with the fixed establishment stated above.
101
使使
The Imperial Girdle Storehouse held rank 5b. It managed waist girdles, side-tie belts, crimson ring ornaments, and related items for the imperial household and for bestowal. Intendants: three posts; directors: three posts; vice directors: two posts; ranks the same as the Capital Reserve Storehouse. It was established in Zhiyuan 28; all posts were filled by eunuchs. In Yuanzhen 2 two posts were added to concurrently manage Shangdu affairs.
102
使使
The Exotic Treasures Storehouse held rank 5b and managed imperial treasures and the headdresses and jewels of empresses and princesses. Intendants: three posts; directors: three posts; vice directors: two posts; ranks the same as above. It was established in Zhiyuan 28.
103
The Pasturage Rectification Directorate held rank 3a. It managed ordus and nabo camps and the registered allocation of appanage pastures, and adjudicated disputes when they arose. Grand minister: one post at rank 3a; Grand supervisors: two posts at rank 3b; Assistant supervisors: two posts at rank 4b; Directorate assistants: two posts at rank 5a; One administrative aide and one case manager; eight clerks; and four translators. It was established in Zhida 4. Directorate ministers, grand supervisors, and assistant supervisors were all filled by nuduchi; directorate assistants by regular officials.
104
The Metropolitan Waterworks Directorate held rank 3b and managed river channels together with dikes, water conservancy, bridges, sluices, and weirs. Metropolitan waterworks directors: two posts at rank 3b; Assistant supervisor: one post at rank 5a; Directorate assistants: two posts at rank 6a; One administrative aide and one case manager; ten clerks; one Mongol bitūshi; one Muslim clerk; one interpreter and one seal keeper; ten memorial envoys; sixteen moat-camp officers; and two archive clerks. It was established in Zhiyuan 28. In year 29 it took charge of the River-Course Intendant's Office. In Dade 6 it was raised to rank 3a. In Yanyou 7 it was again rank 3b.
105
The Dadu River-Course Intendant's Office held rank 5b; intendant: one post at rank 5b; Associate intendant: one post at rank 6b; Vice intendant: one post at rank 7b.
106
簿
The Secretariat Directorate held rank 3a and managed historical books and maps of successive dynasties together with prohibited yin-yang texts. Ministers: four posts at rank 3a; Grand supervisors: two posts at rank 3b; Assistant supervisors: two posts at rank 4b; Directorate assistants: two posts at rank 5b; Registrar: one post at rank 7b; Three clerks; two seal keepers and two memorial envoys; one translator and one interpreter; two archive keepers; and one archive clerk. Subordinate officials: authors: two posts at rank 6b; Associate authors: two posts at rank 7a; Secretariat officers: two posts at rank 7a; Proofreaders: two posts at rank 8a; Chief for verifying paintings and calligraphy: one post at rank 8a. It was established in Zhiyuan 9. Its directorate assistants were all appointed upon memorial recommendation by senior ministers, chosen from sons and younger relatives of eminent hereditary official families. In Dade 9 it was raised to rank 3a and granted a silver seal. In Yanyou 1 four ministers were fixed in establishment, with two posts partly filled by eunuchs.
107
宿
The Directorate of Astronomy held rank 4a and managed all calendrical and astronomical affairs. Intendant: one post at rank 4a; Directors of astronomy: three posts at rank 4a; Assistant supervisors: five posts at rank 5a; Assistants: four posts at rank 6a; One case manager; two clerks; one translator; and one interpreter who also served as seal keeper. Subordinate officials: supervisors of study: two posts; instructors: two posts; all at rank 9b; Study rectifiers: two posts; controllers of the celestial phenomena section: two posts; controllers of the computational calendrical section: two posts; controllers of the three-formats section: two posts; controllers of the observation-and-testing section: two posts; controllers of the clepsydra section: two posts; all at rank 9b; One yin-yang controller; two night-watch officers; eight timekeepers; and seventy-five astronomy students. In Zhongtong 1, following the Jin old system, the Astronomical Platform was established and its officials appointed. In Zhiyuan 8, because of a vacancy among Shangdu attendants, a Traveling Directorate of Astronomy was additionally established. In year 15 the Imperial Astronomical Bureau was separately established, standing alongside the Platform; calendrical promulgation passed to the bureau and schools were subordinated to the Platform. In year 23 a traveling directorate was established. In year 27 a traveling assistant supervisor was additionally established. In Huangqing 1 it was raised to rank 4a. In Yanyou 1 it was specially raised to rank 3a. In Yanyou 7 it remained rank 4a.
108
調
The Muslim Directorate of Astronomy held rank 4a and managed observation of celestial phenomena and calendar calculation. Intendant: one post; directors of astronomy: three posts; assistant supervisors: two posts; directorate assistants: two posts; ranks and grades the same as above; One case manager; two clerks; one interpreter who also served as seal keeper; and one memorial envoy. Subordinate officials: one instructor; controllers of the celestial phenomena, computational calendrical, three-formats, observation-and-testing, and clepsydra sections: one post each; and eighteen yin-yang specialists. When Shizu was at his heir's residence, an edict ordered Muslims skilled in astronomy summoned; Jamal al-Din and others presented their arts, but no official office yet existed. In Zhiyuan 8 the Astronomical Platform was first established at rank 5b. In year 17 a traveling directorate was established. In Huangqing 1 it was changed to a directorate at rank 4a. In Yanyou 1 it was raised to rank 3a and the Directorate of Astronomy was established. In Yanyou 2 the secretariat minister was ordered to supervise directorate affairs. In Yanyou 4 it was again rank 4a.
109
使
The Metropolitan Garrison Commission at Shangdu, which also served as the route chief prefectural office, matched the ranks, grades, and duties of the commission at Dadu but also jointly managed civil affairs. When the imperial carriage returned to Dadu, it then oversaw all Shangdu storehouses. Metropolitan commissioners: six posts at rank 2a; Associate commissioners: two posts at rank 3a; Deputy metropolitan commissioners: two posts at rank 4a; Judicial administrators: two posts at rank 5a; Two administrative aides, four secretariat clerks, one auditor who also served as controller, forty-four clerks, six translators, three Muslim clerks, two interpreters and two seal keepers, and twelve envoy clerks. At the founding of the dynasty, Kaiping Prefecture was established. In Zhongtong 4 it was renamed the Shangdu Route chief prefectural office. In Zhiyuan 3 a seal for the Metropolitan Garrison Commission was again issued. In Zhiyuan 19 the two were combined as the Metropolitan Garrison Commission at Shangdu concurrently serving as the route chief prefectural office. Its subordinate offices are listed below:
110
使 使
The Inner Palace Construction Office held rank 5b and handled construction and repairs of the inner palace. Director: one post at rank 5b; Vice directors: three posts at rank 7a; Chief artisans: three posts at rank 8a. It was established in Zhiyuan 8.
111
使 使
The Attendant Service Office held rank 5b and handled decorating imperial regalia, oil dyeing, and mounting and backing. Director: one post at rank 5b; Vice directors: two posts at rank 7a; Chief artisans: three posts at rank 8a.
112
使使
The Implements Bureau held rank 5b. It manufactured iron implements and handled inner-palace nail-and-thread work. It had one director, one vice director, and two chief artisans.
113
使使
The Ceremonial Paraphernalia Bureau held rank 5a; two directors, three vice directors, and two chief artisans. In Zhida 4 the Ceremony Setup Office was abolished and replaced by a bureau.
114
使使
The Troop and Horse Office held rank 4a; three commanders, two vice commanders, one case manager, one document supervisor, and eight secretariat clerks. It was established in Zhiyuan 29.
115
使使
The Patrol and Inspection Court held rank 6a; one darughachi, one patrol commissioner, two vice commissioners, two judicial administrators, and eight secretariat clerks.
116
簿 使使 使使
Kaiping County held rank 6a; one darughachi, one magistrate, one assistant magistrate, one registrar, one bailiff, one archive clerk, and eight secretariat clerks. The Level Fullness Storehouse had one director and one vice director. It was established in Zhiyuan 30. The Myriad Fullness Storehouse had one darughachi, one disbursement overseer, one director, and one vice director. It was first established at the beginning of Zhongtong.
117
使使
The Broad Accumulation Granary had one darughachi, one disbursement overseer, one director, and one vice director. At the beginning of Zhongtong the Ever Fullness Granary was established. During the Dade era it was renamed the Broad Accumulation Granary.
118
使使
The Treasury of Myriad Myriads held rank 5a; one darughachi, one intendant, one associate intendant, one vice intendant, one document supervisor, six secretariat clerks, and one translator. It was established in Zhiyuan 23. The Circulation Storehouse had one intendant, one director, and one vice director.
119
The Tax Levy Intendant's Office held rank 5a; two intendants; and one associate intendant, one vice intendant, and one document supervisor. It was established in Yuanzhen 1.
120
使使
The Eight Crafts Office matched the ranks, grades, and duties of the Left and Right Eight Crafts Offices at Dadu. It had one darughachi, one superintendent, one director, and one vice director. It was established in Zhiyuan 17.
121
使使使
The Provisions Office managed food and drink for princes, imperial sons-in-law, envoys, and guests. It had one director and one vice director. In Zhiyuan 2 the Shangdu Service Provision Office was established. In Yanyou 5 it was renamed the Provisions Office.
122
The Palace Supply Directorate-General held rank 3a. It guarded the Dongliangting traveling palace and managed supplies for hunting excursions. Darughachi and chief administrator: one post each at rank 3a; Associate administrator: one post at rank 4b; Deputy chief administrator: one post at rank 5b; Judicial administrator: one post at rank 6a; One administrative aide, one case manager, and one document supervisor; clerks, translators, seal keepers, and memorial envoys in varying numbers. In Zhiyuan 13 a Jiqachi Baraqsun darughachi was established. In Yanyou 2 it was renamed a directorate-general. Its subordinate offices are listed below.
123
The Xianghe and other places Patrol Inspector's Office had one patrol inspector and one secretariat clerk.
124
使 使 使使
The Auspicious Transport Granary held rank 5b; intendant: one post at rank 5b; Director: one post at rank 6a; Vice director: one post at rank 7a. It was established in Zhiyuan 21. The Ritual Objects Storehouse held rank 9b with one director and one vice director. It was established in Zhiyuan 29.
125
The Cloud Supply Directorate-General held rank 3a. It guarded the Chaghan Na'ur traveling palace and managed supplies for traveling camps. Darughachi and chief administrator: one post each at rank 3a; Associate administrator: one post at rank 4b; Deputy chief administrator: one post at rank 5b; Judicial administrator: one post at rank 6a; One administrative aide, one case manager, and one document supervisor. It was established in Yanyou 2.
126
The Dadu Route chief prefectural office held rank 3a; two darughachi, one route chief administrator, two deputy darughachi, two associate administrators, two route supervisors, two judicial administrators, two judicial investigators, two administrative aides, two case managers, four document supervisors, one auditor who also served as controller, ninety-five clerks, two translators, one Muslim clerk, two interpreters and two seal keepers, and twenty-one memorial envoys. At the founding of the dynasty it was the Yanjing Route, administering Daxing Prefecture. In Zhongtong 5 it was called the Central Capital Route. In Zhiyuan 9 its name was changed to Dadu. In Zhiyuan 21 a separate Dadu Route chief prefectural office was first established at rank 3b, with chief darughachi, route chief administrator, and other officials appointed. In Zhiyuan 27 it was promoted to a route chief prefectural office at rank 3a, governing one prefecture and eleven subprefectures. Of all officials in this office, only one darughachi, the chief administrator, and the judicial investigators handled route administration exclusively; the rest all shared supply-and-demand duties, so it was also called the Supply-and-Demand Office. Its subordinate offices are listed below:
127
使使使 調 使
The Dadu Route Metropolitan Troop-and-Horse Chief Commandant's Office, two in number, held rank 4a and handled investigation and arrest of thieves, fraud, and rogues in the capital. It had two chief commandants, five vice commandants, one case manager, one document supervisor, and fourteen clerks. In Zhiyuan 9 the thousand-household office was changed to the Troop and Horse Office under the Dadu Route. Moreover, one minister of justice supervised office affairs; all criminal cases were subordinated to the Court of Imperial Clan, and the office was also subordinate to that court. In year 29 chief commandants and other officials were established; afterward this continued. One office was placed in the North City and one in the South City.
128
The Prison Directorate Office, three in number, held rank 8a; one prison director, one prison assistant, two prison clerks; it managed detention and prison equipment. One was placed under the Dadu Route office and one under the North City Troop and Horse Office, jointly overseeing the prison affairs of the South City Troop and Horse Office. In Huangqing 1, because the two offices had different detention rules, a separate office was placed in the South City.
129
使使 使
The Left and Right Patrol and Inspection Courts held rank 6a; one darughachi each, one commissioner each, three vice commissioners and three judicial administrators each, three archive clerks each, and twenty-five secretariat clerks each. It was established in Zhiyuan 6. It oversaw civil affairs and supply-and-demand duties, as with the Dadu Route. In Dade 5 a separate Supply-and-Demand Court was established, headed by one vice commissioner, one judicial administrator, and one archive clerk.
130
使使
The Dadu Patrol and Inspection Court was organized like the Left and Right courts: one darughachi, one commissioner, two vice commissioners, two judicial administrators, two archive clerks, and twenty secretariat clerks. It was established in Dade 9 to govern the southern part of the capital.
131
The Dadu Route School Intendant's Office held rank 6a. One intendant, two professors, two school rectifiers, and one school registrar. In Zhiyuan 24, after the National University was established, the former Confucius Temple became the capital school, while the intendant overseeing school affairs still held the concurrent title of National University chancellor.
132
The Chief Prefectural Office Overseeing Hunting and Falconry on All Routes held rank 3a with one darughachi, one chief administrator, one deputy darughachi, one associate administrator, one deputy chief administrator, and one administrative aide and one case manager. It was established in Zhiyuan 17.
133
簿 西
Wanping County held rank 6a with one darughachi, one magistrate, three assistants, three chief clerks, one commandant, three archive clerks, and twenty-six secretariat clerks. It was established in Zhiyuan 11 and governed the area west of Dadu's Lizheng Gate.
134
簿
Daxing County held rank 6a with one darughachi, one magistrate, one assistant, two chief clerks, one commandant, three archive clerks, and fifteen secretariat clerks. It was established in Zhiyuan 11 and governed the area east of Dadu's Lizheng Gate.
135
The East Gate Ward Inspection Office held rank 9b with three inspectors and one secretariat clerk and handled patrol and arrest of thieves and wrongdoers. It was established in Zhiyuan 21.
136
西
The Northwest and South Gate Ward inspection offices were established with the same organization as above.
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