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百官八
Official Posts 8
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元之官制，其大要具見於前，自元統、至元以來，頗有沿革增損之異。 至正兵興，四郊多壘，中書、樞密，俱有分省、分院； 而行中書省、行樞密院增置之外，亦有分省、分院。 自省院以及郡縣，又各有添設之員。 而各處總兵官以便宜行事者，承制擬授，具姓名以軍功奏聞，則宣命敕牒隨所索而給之，無有考核其實者。 於是名爵日濫，紀綱日紊，疆宇日蹙，而遂至於亡矣。 惜其掌故之文，缺軼不完，令據有司所送上者，緝而載之，以附前誌，庶覽者得以參考其得失治亂之概云。
The main outlines of the Yuan official system already appear in the earlier treatises; since the Yuantong and Zhiyuan periods, however, there have been notable changes through revision, expansion, and retrenchment. Once warfare broke out in the Zhizheng era, defenses sprang up around the capital on every side; both the Central Secretariat and the Privy Council established branch secretariats and branch councils. Beyond the expansion of the itinerant secretariats and privy councils, further branch secretariats and branch councils were added as well. From the central secretariat and privy council down to prefectures and counties, new posts were created at every level. Regional commanders acting on their own authority would draft appointments under imperial warrant, report names along with claimed military merit, and receive edicts and commissions on demand—without anyone checking whether the claims were true. Titles and honors proliferated, discipline unraveled, and the realm shrank day by day—until the dynasty fell. Unfortunately the archival records are fragmentary and incomplete; what follows compiles material submitted by the responsible offices and appends it to the earlier treatises, so readers may glimpse how bureaucratic excess contributed to the dynasty's decline.
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中書省。 元統三年七月，中書省奏請自今不置左丞相。 十月，命伯顏獨長臺司，詔天下。 至元五年十月，加右丞相伯顏為大丞相。 六年十月，命脫脫為右丞相，復置左丞相。 至正七年，置議事平章四人。 十二年二月，以賈魯為添設左丞。 三月，以悟良哈臺為添設參知政事。 七月，又以杜秉彜為添設參政。 八月，以哈麻為添設右丞。 十三年六月，命皇太子領中書令，如舊制。 十四年九月，以呂思誠為添設左丞。 二十七年八月，以樞密知院蠻子為添設第三平章，以太尉帖裏帖木兒為添設左丞相。
Central Secretariat. In the seventh month of Yuantong 3, the Central Secretariat asked that the post of left chancellor no longer be filled. In the tenth month Bayan was placed in sole charge of the secretariat, and an edict was issued to the empire. In the tenth month of Zhiyuan 5, Right Chancellor Bayan was promoted to grand chancellor. In the tenth month of the sixth year Toghto'a was made right chancellor and the left chancellorship was restored. In Zhizheng 7 four deliberative pingzhang were appointed. In the second month of the twelfth year Jia Lu was appointed additional left vice chancellor. In the third month Wulianghatai was appointed additional associate grand councillor. In the seventh month Du Bingyi was likewise appointed additional associate councillor. In the eighth month Hama was appointed additional right vice chancellor. In the sixth month of the thirteenth year the crown prince was ordered to serve as secretariat director, as under the former regulations. In the ninth month of the fourteenth year Lü Sicheng was appointed additional left vice chancellor. In the eighth month of the twenty-seventh year Privy Council director Manzi was appointed additional third pingzhang, and Grand Preceptor Tiemür was made additional left chancellor.
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中書分省。 至正十一年，置中書分省於濟寧，以松壽為參知政事。 十二年二月，中書右丞玉樞虎兒吐華、左丞韓大雅開分省於彰德。 十四年，升濟寧分省參政帖裏帖木兒為平章政事，是後嘗置右丞以守禦焉。 十五年四月，彰德分省除右丞、左丞各一員。 十七年七月，以平章答蘭，參政俺普、崔敬分省陵州。 十一月，平章臧卜分省冀寧。 十八年三月，掃地王、沙劉陷冀寧，臧卜遁。 五月，王、劉北行，總兵官察罕帖木兒遣瑣住院判來冀寧鎮守，臧卜復回。 十九年，臧卜卒。 二十年正月，以右丞不花、參政王時分省冀寧。 三月，鐵甲韓至，分省官皆遁。 二十一年，以平章答蘭鎮守。 二十二年，答蘭還京師，以左丞剌馬乞剌、參政脫禾兒領分省事。 二十三年三月，又以平章愛不花鎮之。 八月，擴廓帖木兒兵至，冀寧分省遂罷。 二十七年八月，以添設平章蠻子兼知院，分省保定。 九月，命太保、右丞相也速統領軍馬，分省山東； 沙藍答裏仍中書左丞相、知樞密院，分省大同。 以哈剌那海為大同分省平章，阿剌不花為參知政事。 又置分省於冀寧，升冀寧總管為參政，鑄印與之，凡事必咨大同分省而後行之。 十月，又置分省於真定。
Branch Secretariat. In Zhizheng 11 a branch secretariat was set up at Jining, with Songshou as associate grand councillor. In the second month of the twelfth year Right Vice Chancellor Yushuhuertuhua and Left Vice Chancellor Han Daya established a branch secretariat at Zhangde. In the fourteenth year Jining branch associate councillor Tiemür was promoted to pingzhang; thereafter a right vice chancellor was sometimes posted there for defense. In the fourth month of the fifteenth year the Zhangde branch received one right and one left vice chancellor. In the seventh month of the seventeenth year Pingzhang Dalan and associate councillors Anpu and Cui Jing were posted to a branch secretariat at Lingzhou. In the eleventh month Pingzhang Zangbu was assigned to a branch secretariat at Jining. In the third month of the eighteenth year the rebels Saodiwang and Sha Liu took Jining, and Zangbu fled. In the fifth month Wang and Liu withdrew northward; regional commander Chaghan Temür sent Suoyuan yuanpan to hold Jining, and Zangbu returned. In the nineteenth year Zangbu died. In the first month of the twentieth year Right Vice Chancellor Buhua and Associate Councillor Wang Shi were posted to a Jining branch secretariat. In the third month the rebel Tie Jiahan arrived, and every branch official fled. In the twenty-first year Pingzhang Dalan was stationed there as garrison commander. In the twenty-second year Dalan returned to the capital; Left Vice Chancellor Lamajili and Associate Councillor Tuohuor took charge of branch affairs. In the third month of the twenty-third year Pingzhang Aibuhua was again posted as garrison commander. In the eighth month Köke Temür's forces arrived, and the Jining branch secretariat was abolished. In the eighth month of the twenty-seventh year additional Pingzhang Manzi, concurrently privy council director, was posted to a branch secretariat at Baoding. In the ninth month Grand Preceptor and Right Chancellor Yeshu was ordered to command troops and open a branch secretariat in Shandong; Shaladali retained his posts as left chancellor and privy council director while heading a branch secretariat at Datong. Qaranaqai was made pingzhang of the Datong branch, and Arlabuhua associate grand councillor. Another branch secretariat was set up at Jining; the Jining regional commander was promoted to associate councillor, given a newly cast seal, and required to consult the Datong branch on every matter before acting. In the tenth month a branch secretariat was also established at Zhending.
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六部。 至元三年十二月，伯顏太師等奏準，吏部考功郎中、員外郎、主事各設一員。 至正元年四月，吏部置司績一員，正七品，掌百官行止，以憑敘用蔭襲。 六月，中書奏準，戶部事繁，見設司計四員，宜依前至元二十八年例，添設二員。 十一月，吏、禮、兵、刑分為二庫，戶、工二部分二庫，各設管勾一員。 十二年正月，刑部添設尚書、侍郎、郎中、員外郎各一員。 十五年十月，濟寧分省置兵、刑、工、戶四部。
Six Ministries. In the twelfth month of Zhiyuan 3 Grand Preceptor Bayan and others secured approval for the Ministry of Personnel to add one director, one vice director, and one registrar in the Merit Evaluation office. In the fourth month of Zhizheng 1 the Ministry of Personnel created the post of Director of Records, rank 7a, to track officials' conduct for appointments and hereditary succession. In the sixth month the Central Secretariat secured approval to add two more Directors of Accounts at the Ministry of Revenue, which already had four, following the precedent of Zhiyuan 28. In the eleventh month Personnel, Rites, War, and Punishments were each split into two archives, and Revenue and Works into two sections and two archives each, with a controller appointed for every unit. In the first month of the twelfth year the Ministry of Punishments added one minister, one vice minister, one director, and one vice director. In the tenth month of the fifteenth year the Jining branch secretariat set up ministries of War, Punishments, Works, and Revenue.
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樞密院。 至正七年，知樞密院阿吉剌奏：「樞密院故事，亦設議事平章二人。」 有旨令復置。 十三年六月，令皇太子領樞密使，如舊制。 十五年四月，添設僉院一員、院判二員。
Privy Council. In Zhizheng 7 Privy Council director Ajili memorialized: "By Privy Council precedent, two deliberative pingzhang were also appointed." An edict ordered them restored. In the sixth month of the thirteenth year the crown prince was ordered to serve as privy council commissioner, as under the former regulations. In the fourth month of the fifteenth year one additional associate director and two council vice directors were added.
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樞密分院。 至正十五年三月，置樞密分院於衛輝。 四月，彰德分院添設同知、副樞各一員，都事一員。 直沽分院添設副樞一員、都事一員。 十六年，又置分樞密院於沂州，以指揮使司隸焉。
Branch Privy Council. In the third month of Zhizheng 15 a branch privy council was established at Weihui. In the fourth month the Zhangde branch added one associate commissioner, one deputy commissioner, and one secretariat director. The Zhigu branch added one deputy commissioner and one secretariat director. In the sixteenth year another branch privy council was set up at Yizhou, with the local commandery commission subordinated to it.
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大宗正府。 至元元年閏十二月，中書省奏準，世祖時立大宗正府，至仁宗時減去大字，今宜遵世祖舊制，仍為大宗正府。 至正十年十二月，大宗正府添設掌判二員。
Grand Court of the Imperial Clan. In the intercalary twelfth month of Zhiyuan 1 the Central Secretariat secured approval to restore the Grand Court of the Imperial Clan, which Shizu had founded but Renzong had renamed by dropping the character "grand." In the twelfth month of Zhizheng 10 the Grand Court added two adjudicating directors.
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宣文閣。 至元六年十一月，罷奎章閣學士院。 至正元年九月，立宣文閣，不置學士，唯授經郎及監書博士以宣文閣系銜云。
Hall of Promulgating Culture. In the eleventh month of Zhiyuan 6 the Kui Zhang Pavilion Academy of Scholars was abolished. In the ninth month of Zhizheng 1 the Hall of Promulgating Culture was established without academicians; only lecturers and supervising academicians of the classics received titles tied to the hall.
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崇文監。 至元六年十二月，改藝文監為崇文監。 至正元年三月，奉旨，令翰林國史院領之。
Directorate of Honoring Culture. In the twelfth month of Zhiyuan 6 the Directorate of Literary Arts was renamed the Directorate of Honoring Culture. In the third month of Zhizheng 1 an edict placed it under the Hanlin Academy and National History Office.
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詳定使司。 至正十七年七月，置四方獻言詳定使司，正三品，掌考其所陳之言，擇其善者以聞於上而舉行之。 詳定使二員，正三品； 副使二員，正四品； 掌書記二員，正七品。 中書官提調之。
Commission for Evaluating Memorials. In the seventh month of Zhizheng 17 the Commission for Evaluating Memorials from All Quarters was created at rank 3a to review public submissions, select the best for the throne, and see them implemented. Evaluating commissioners, two posts, rank 3a; Vice commissioners, two posts, rank 4a; Recording secretaries, two posts, rank 7a. It was supervised by Central Secretariat officials.
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司禋監。 至正元年十二月，奉旨，依世祖故事，復立司禋監，給四品印，掌師翁祭祀祈禳之事。 置內監、少監、監丞各二員，知事一員，譯史、令史、奏差各二名。 自後復升為三品。
Directorate of Imperial Sacrifices. In the twelfth month of Zhizheng 1 an edict restored the Directorate of Imperial Sacrifices on Shizu's model, issued it a rank-4 seal, and charged it with shamanic sacrifices and prayers. It was staffed with two inner directors, two vice directors, two assistant directors, one director of affairs, and two each of translator-clerks, clerks, and memorial bearers. Later it was again raised to rank 3.
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延徽寺。 至元六年二月，中書省奉旨，依累朝故事，起蓋懿璘質班皇帝斡耳朵，置延徽寺以掌之。
Temple of Extended Grace. In the second month of Zhiyuan 6 the Central Secretariat received orders to build an ordon for Emperor Yilinzhijiban, following dynastic precedent, and to establish the Temple of Extended Grace to manage it.
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規運提點所。 至元六年十一月，罷太禧宗禋院隆祥使司。 十二月，中書奏以宗禋院所轄會福、崇祥、隆禧、壽福四總管府，並隆祥使司，俱改為規運提點所，正五品，仍添置萬寧提點所一處，並隸宣政院。
Intendant Offices for Regulated Transport. In the eleventh month of Zhiyuan 6 the Longxiang Commission of the Grand Directorate of Imperial Sacrifices was abolished. In the twelfth month the Central Secretariat proposed converting the Huifu, Chongxiang, Longxi, and Shoufu regional commanderies and the Longxiang Commission—all under the Directorate of Imperial Sacrifices—into rank-5a Intendant Offices for Regulated Transport, adding a Wannning intendant office and placing all under the Xuanzheng Directorate.
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諸路寶泉都提舉司，至正十年十月置。 其屬有鼓鑄局，正七品； 永利庫，從七品。 掌鼓鑄至正銅錢，印造交鈔。
Directorate-General of Precious Springs for All Circuits, established in the tenth month of Zhizheng 10. Its subordinates included a Minting Bureau, rank 7a; and a Treasury of Lasting Profit, rank 7b. It cast Zhizheng copper cash and printed paper money.
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徽政院。 元統元年十二月，依太皇太后故事，為皇太后置徽政院，設立官屬三百六十有六員。
Directorate of Imperial Insignia. In the twelfth month of Yuantong 1, following the grand empress dowager precedent, a Directorate of Imperial Insignia was created for the empress dowager with 366 officials.
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資正院。 至元六年十二月，中書省奉旨為完者忽都皇后置資正院，正二品。 院使六員，同知、僉院、同僉、院判各二員。 首領官：經歷、都事各二員，管勾、照磨各一員。 將昭功萬戶府司屬，除已罷繕工司外，集慶路錢糧並入，有司每年驗數，撥付資正院。 其餘司屬，並付資正院領之。 自後正宮皇后崩，冊立完者忽都為皇后，改置崇政院。
Directorate of Supporting Rectitude. In the twelfth month of Zhiyuan 6 the Central Secretariat received orders to establish the rank-2a Directorate of Supporting Rectitude for Empress Wanzhihudu. Directors, six; associate directors, associate commissioners, associate associate commissioners, and council vice directors, two each. Chief staff: two administrators and two secretariat directors; one controller and one proofreader. Agencies under the Zhaogong ten-thousand-household office—except the abolished works office—together with Jiqing Circuit's grain revenue were merged in; responsible offices verified amounts yearly and allocated them to the directorate. All remaining subordinate agencies were likewise placed under the directorate. Later, after the principal empress died and Wanzhihudu was installed as empress, it was renamed the Directorate of Honoring Government.
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東宮官屬。 至正六年四月，立皇太子宮傅府，以長吉等為宮傅官，時太子猶未受冊寶。 至九年冬，立端本堂為皇太子學宮。 置諭德一員，正二品； 贊善二員，正三品； 文學二員，正五品； 正字二員，正七品； 司經二員，正七品。 十三年六月，冊立皇太子，定置皇太子賓客二員，正二品； 左、右諭德各一員，從二品； 左、右贊善各一員，從三品； 文學二員，從五品； 中庶子、中允各一員，從六品。
Eastern Palace Officials. In the fourth month of Zhizheng 6 the crown prince's tutorate was established, with Changji and others as tutors, though the heir had not yet received investiture. By the winter of the ninth year the Hall of the Upright Root was established as the crown prince's academy. One mentor, rank 2a; two supporters of goodness, rank 3a; two literary officers, rank 5a; two orthographers, rank 7a; two directors of classics, rank 7a. In the sixth month of the thirteenth year the crown prince was formally installed; two crown prince guests were fixed at rank 2a; one left and one right mentor, rank 2b; one left and one right supporter of goodness, rank 3b; two literary officers, rank 5b; one central household son and one central assistant, rank 6b.
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詹事院。 至正十三年六月，立詹事院，罷宮傅府。 置詹事三員，從一品； 同知詹事二員，正二品； 副詹事二員，從二品； 詹事丞二員，正三品； 首領官四員，中議二員，從五品； 長史二員，從六品； 管勾、照磨各一員，正八品； 蒙古必赤六人，回回掾史二人，掾史十人，知印二人，怯裏馬赤二人，宣使十人。 其屬有家令司，家令二員，正三品，二員，正四品； 家丞二員，正五品； 典簿二員，從七品； 照磨一員，正九品。 有府正司，府正二員，正三品； 府丞二員，正五品； 典簿二員，從七品； 照磨一員，正九品。 有典寶監，典寶卿二員，正三品； 太監二員，從三品； 少監二員，從四品； 監丞二員，正五品； 經歷一員，從七品； 知事一員，從八品； 照磨一員，正九品。 有儀衛司，指揮二員，從四品； 副二員，從五品； 知事一員，從八品。 十一月，置典藏庫，從五品，掌收皇太子錢帛。 十七年十月，置分詹事院，詹事一員，同知、副使各一員，詹事丞二員，經歷一員，都事二員，照磨兼架閣一員，斷事官二員，知事一員。
Directorate of the Heir Apparent's Household. In the sixth month of Zhizheng 13 the Directorate of the Heir Apparent's Household was established and the crown prince's tutorate abolished. three directors of the heir's household, rank 1b; two associate directors, rank 2a; two vice directors, rank 2b; two assistant directors, rank 3a; four chief officials; two central deliberators, rank 5b; two chief secretaries, rank 6b; one controller and one proofreader, rank 8a; six Mongol clerks, two Muslim clerks, ten clerks, two seal keepers, two qilimachi, and ten envoys. Its subordinates included a Household Steward Office with two stewards at rank 3a and two at rank 4a; two household assistants, rank 5a; two registry clerks, rank 7b; one proofreader, rank 9a. a Household Rectification Office with two rectifiers, rank 3a; two vice rectifiers, rank 5a; two registry clerks, rank 7b; one proofreader, rank 9a. a Directorate of Imperial Treasures with two directors, rank 3a; two grand directors, rank 3b; two vice directors, rank 4b; two assistant directors, rank 5a; one administrator, rank 7b; one director of affairs, rank 8b; one proofreader, rank 9a. a Ceremonial Guard Office with two commanders, rank 4b; two vice commanders, rank 5b; one director of affairs, rank 8b. In the eleventh month a rank-5b Treasury for Stored Valuables was created to receive the crown prince's funds and silks. In the tenth month of the seventeenth year a branch directorate was set up with one director, one associate director, one deputy commissioner, two assistant directors, one administrator, two secretariat directors, one proofreader-archivist, two adjudicating officials, and one director of affairs.
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大撫軍院。 至正二十七年八月乙巳，命皇太子總天下軍馬。 九月，皇太子置大撫軍院，從一品。 知院四員，同知二員，副使一員，同僉一員。 首領官：經歷、都事各二員，照磨兼管勾一員。 二十八年閏七月，詔罷之。
Grand Pacification Army Directorate. On the yisi day of the eighth month of Zhizheng 27 the crown prince was ordered to command all armies in the empire. In the ninth month the crown prince established the rank-1b Grand Pacification Army Directorate. Four directors, two associate directors, one deputy commissioner, and one associate commissioner. Chief staff: two administrators and two secretariat directors; one proofreader-controller. In the intercalary seventh month of the twenty-eighth year an edict abolished it.
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大都分府。 至正十八年三月，東安、漷州、柳林日有警報，京師備禦四隅，俱立大都分府。 其官吏數，視都府減半。
Branch Prefecture of the Great Capital. In the third month of Zhizheng 18, as Dong'an, Huozhou, and Liulin sent daily alarms, the capital fortified all four quarters and established branch prefectures throughout. Their staffs were half the size of the metropolitan prefecture's.
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警巡院。 至正十一年七月，升左、右兩巡院為正五品。 十八年，又於大都在城四隅各立警巡分院，官吏視本院減半。
Patrol and Inspection Office. In the seventh month of Zhizheng 11 the left and right patrol offices were raised to rank 5a. In the eighteenth year branch patrol offices were set up at each corner inside the capital walls, with staffs half the size of the main offices.
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行中書省。 至正十二年正月，江西、江浙行省皆除添設平章，陜西行省除添設右丞。 閏三月，置淮南江北等處行中書省於揚州，以淮西宣慰司、兩淮鹽運司、揚州、淮安、徐州、唐州、安豐、蘄、黃皆隸焉。 除平章二員，右丞、左丞各一員，參政二員，及首領官、屬官共二十五員。 為頭平章，兼提調鎮南王傅府事。 至十一月，始鑄淮南江北等處行中書省印給之。 是年，江浙行省添設右丞、參政，四川行省添設參政。 十六年五月，置福建等處行中書省於福州，鑄印設官，一如各處行省之制。 以江浙行中書省平章左答納失裏、南臺中丞阿魯溫沙為福建行中書省平章政事，福建閩海道廉訪使莊嘉為右丞，福建元帥吳鐸為左丞，司農丞訥都赤、益都路總管卓思誠為參政。 以九月至福州，罷帥府，開省署。 十七年九月，置山東行省，以大司農哈剌章為平章政事，鑄印與之。 十八年，福建行省右丞朵歹分省建寧，參政訥都赤分省泉州。 二十三年三月，置廣西行中書省，以廉訪使也兒吉尼為平章政事。 又置膠東行省於萊陽，總制東方事。 二十六年八月，置福建江西等處行中書省。
Branch Secretariat. In the first month of Zhizheng 12 additional pingzhang were appointed in the Jiangxi and Jiang-Zhe branch secretariats and an additional right vice chancellor in Shaanxi. In the intercalary third month a branch secretariat for Huainan and Jiangbei was set up at Yangzhou, subordinating the Huai-Xi pacification commission, the Two Huai salt transport commission, and the prefectures of Yangzhou, Huai'an, Xuzhou, Tangzhou, Anfeng, Qi, and Huang. It was staffed with two pingzhang, one right and one left vice chancellor, two associate councillors, and twenty-five chief and subordinate officials. The senior pingzhang also supervised the Prince of Zhennan's tutorate. By the eleventh month its seal was cast and issued. That year the Jiang-Zhe branch added a right vice chancellor and associate councillor, and the Sichuan branch added an associate councillor. In the fifth month of the sixteenth year a Fujian branch secretariat was established at Fuzhou, with seal and staff following the usual branch model. Zuodanashili of the Jiang-Zhe branch and Aruwensha of the southern censorate were made Fujian pingzhang; surveillance commissioner Zhuang Jia right vice chancellor; marshal Wu Duo left vice chancellor; and Neduchi and Zhuo Sicheng associate councillors. They reached Fuzhou in the ninth month, abolished the marshal's headquarters, and opened the secretariat. In the ninth month of the seventeenth year a Shandong branch secretariat was created with Grand Agriculture Commissioner Qarajan as pingzhang and a newly cast seal. In the eighteenth year Fujian right vice chancellor Duodai headed a branch at Jianning and associate councillor Neduchi one at Quanzhou. In the third month of the twenty-third year a Guangxi branch secretariat was established with surveillance commissioner Yierjini as pingzhang. A Jiaodong branch secretariat was also set up at Laiyang to oversee the eastern regions. In the eighth month of the twenty-sixth year a branch secretariat for Fujian, Jiangxi, and other regions was established.
24
行樞密院。 至元三年，伯顏右丞相奏準，於四川及湖廣、江西之境，及江浙，凡三處，各置行樞密院，以鎮遏好亂之民。 每處設知院一員，同知、僉院、院判各一員。 湖廣、江西二省所轄地裏險遠，添設同僉一員。 各院經歷一員，都事二員，照磨一員，客省副使一員，斷事官二員，蒙古必阇赤二人，掾史六人，宣使六人，知印、怯裏馬赤各一人，斷事官譯史一人，令史二人，怯裏馬赤、知印各一人，奏差二人。 至四年二月，遂罷之。 至正十三年五月，嶺北行樞密院添設斷事官二員，先已設四員，共六員。 又立鎮撫司，除鎮撫二員。 立管勾所，置管勾一員，兼照磨。 後又添設僉院二員、都事一員。 十五年十月，置淮南江北等處行樞密院於揚州。 十二月，河南行樞密院添設院判一員。 十六年三月，置江浙行樞密院於杭州，知院二員，同知二員，副樞二員，僉院二員，同僉二員，院判二員。 首領官：經歷、知事各一員，斷事官二員，經歷一員。 十八年，以參政崔敬為山東等處行樞密院副使，分院於漷州，兼領屯田事。 十九年八月，以察罕帖木兒為河南行省平章政事，兼河南山東等處行樞密院知院。 二十六年八月，置福建江西等處行樞密院。
Branch Privy Council. In Zhiyuan 3 Right Chancellor Bayan secured approval to establish branch privy councils in Sichuan, Huguang-Jiangxi, and Jiang-Zhe to restrain disorderly populations. Each was staffed with one director and one each of associate director, associate commissioner, and council vice director. Because Huguang and Jiangxi covered rugged, remote terrain, an additional associate commissioner was added. Each council had one administrator, two secretariat directors, one proofreader, one guest vice commissioner, two adjudicating officials, two Mongol clerks, six clerks, six envoys, seal keepers, qilimachi, translator-clerks, and memorial bearers as listed. By the second month of the fourth year they were abolished. In the fifth month of Zhizheng 13 the Lingbei branch privy council added two adjudicating officials, bringing the total to six. A Pacification Office was also created with two pacification commissioners. A controller's office was set up with one controller who also served as proofreader. Later two more associate commissioners and one secretariat director were added. In the tenth month of the fifteenth year a Huainan-Jiangbei branch privy council was established at Yangzhou. In the twelfth month the Henan branch added one council vice director. In the third month of the sixteenth year a Jiang-Zhe branch privy council was set up at Hangzhou with two directors, two associate directors, two deputy commissioners, two associate commissioners, two associate associate commissioners, and two council vice directors. Chief staff: one administrator, one director of affairs, two adjudicating officials, and one additional administrator. In the eighteenth year associate councillor Cui Jing was made deputy commissioner of the Shandong branch privy council, posted to a branch at Huozhou while also overseeing military colonies. In the eighth month of the nineteenth year Chaghan Temür was made Henan branch pingzhang and concurrently director of the Henan-Shandong branch privy council. In the eighth month of the twenty-sixth year a branch privy council for Fujian, Jiangxi, and other regions was established.
25
行御史臺。 至正十六年九月二十八日，命太尉納麟為江南諸道行御史臺御史大夫，以次官員，各依等第選用。 是日，御史臺奉旨，移置行臺於紹興。 十二月，合臺官屬，開臺署事。 是年，置河南廉訪司於沂州。 十八年，御史臺奏準，江西湖東道肅政廉訪司，權於建寧路開司署事。 二十二年九月，權置山北廉訪司於惠州。 二十三年六月，濟南路復置肅政廉訪司。 二十五年閏十月，御史大夫完者帖木兒奏：「江南諸道行御史臺衙門，嘗奉旨於紹興路開設，近因道梗，湖南、湖北、廣東、廣西、海北、江西、福建等處，凡有文書，北至南臺，風信不便，徑申內臺，未委事情虛實。 宜於福建置分臺，給降印信，俾湖南、湖北、廣東、廣西、海北、江西、福建各道文書，由分臺以達內臺，於事體為便。」 有旨從之。 十一月，仍置河東廉訪司於冀寧。
Branch Censorate. On the twenty-eighth day of the ninth month of Zhizheng 16 Grand Preceptor Nalin was appointed censor-in-chief of the Jiangnan branch censorate, with subordinates chosen by rank. That day the central censorate ordered the branch censorate moved to Shaoxing. In the twelfth month the full staff assembled and the branch opened for business. That year a Henan surveillance commission was established at Yizhou. In the eighteenth year the censorate secured approval for the Jiangxi Hudong surveillance commission to operate temporarily at Jianning. In the ninth month of the twenty-second year a Shanbei surveillance commission was temporarily set up at Huizhou. In the sixth month of the twenty-third year the surveillance commission was restored at Jinan. In the intercalary tenth month of the twenty-fifth year Censor-in-Chief Qanzhe Temür memorialized: "The Jiangnan branch censorate was established at Shaoxing by imperial order, but blocked routes now force documents from Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Haibei, Jiangxi, Fujian, and elsewhere to bypass the southern censorate and go straight to the capital—with no way to verify their accuracy. A branch censorate should be set up in Fujian with an official seal, so documents from those circuits pass through it to the capital—far more practical." An edict approved the proposal. In the eleventh month the Hedong surveillance commission was restored at Jining.
26
行宣政院。 元統二年正月，革罷廣教總管府一十六處，置行宣政院於杭州。 除院使二員，同知二員，副使二員，同僉、院判各一員。 首領官：經歷二員，都事、知事、照磨各一員，令史八人，譯史二人，宣使八人。 至元二年五月，西番寇起，置行宣政院，以也先帖木兒為院使往討之。 至正二年，江浙行宣政院設崇教所，擬行中書省理問官，秩四品，以理僧民之事。
Branch Xuanzheng Directorate. In the first month of Yuantong 2 sixteen Broad Teaching regional commanderies were abolished and a branch Xuanzheng directorate established at Hangzhou. Two directors, two associate directors, two deputy commissioners, and one each of associate commissioner and council vice director were appointed. Chief staff: two administrators; one secretariat director, one director of affairs, and one proofreader; eight clerks, two translator-clerks, and eight envoys. In the fifth month of Zhiyuan 2 Tibetan raiders rose in revolt; a branch Xuanzheng directorate was set up and Yexian Temür sent as director to suppress them. In Zhizheng 2 the Jiang-Zhe branch Xuanzheng directorate created an Office for Honoring Teaching, rank 4, modeled on branch secretariat judicial inquiry officials, to handle monastic and lay affairs.
27
河南山東都水監。 至正六年五月，以連年河決為患，置都水監，以專疏塞之任。
Directorate of Waterways for Henan and Shandong. In the fifth month of Zhizheng 6, after years of disastrous river breaches, a directorate of waterways was created solely for dredging and flood control.
28
行都水監。 至正八年二月，河水為患，詔於濟寧鄆城立行都水監。 九年，又立山東河南等處行都水監。 十一年十二月，立河防提舉司，隸行都水監，掌巡視河道，從五品。 十二年正月，行都水監添設判官二員。 十六年正月，又添設少監、監丞、知事各一員。
Branch Directorate of Waterways. In the second month of Zhizheng 8 flooding prompted an edict establishing a branch directorate of waterways at Jining and Yuncheng. In the ninth year a Shandong-Henan branch directorate of waterways was also established. In the twelfth month of the eleventh year a rank-5b River Defense Intendant Office was created under the branch directorate to inspect waterways. In the first month of the twelfth year the branch directorate added two vice directors. In the first month of the sixteenth year one vice director, one assistant director, and one director of affairs were also added.
29
都水庸田使司。 至元二年正月，置都水庸田使司於平江，既而罷之。 至五年，復立。 至正十二年，因海運不通，京師闕食，詔河南窪下水泊之地，置屯田八處，於汴梁添都水庸田使司，正三品，掌種植稻田之事。 庸田使二員，副使二員，僉事二員。 首領官：經歷、知事、照磨各一員，司吏十二人，譯史二人。
Directorate of Waterways and Yongtian Affairs. In the first month of Zhiyuan 2 a waterways-yongtian directorate was set up at Pingjiang, then soon abolished. In the fifth year it was re-established. In Zhizheng 12 sea transport failed and the capital went short of grain; an edict set up eight garrison farms on Henan's low marshlands and added a rank-3a waterways-yongtian directorate at Bianliang to manage paddy cultivation. two commissioners, two vice commissioners, and two associate commissioners. Chief staff comprised one administrator, one director of affairs, one scrutineer, twelve clerks, and two interpreters.
30
都總制庸田使司。 至正十年，置河南江北等處都總制庸田使司，定置都總制庸田使二員，從二品； 副使二員，從三品； 僉司六員，從四品。 首領官：經歷二員，從六品； 都事二員，從七品； 照磨兼管勾承發架閣一員，從八品； 蒙古必犛赤、回回令使、怯裏馬赤、知印各一人，令史十八人，宣使十八人，壕寨十八人，典吏四人。 其屬官，則有軍民屯田總管府，凡五處，置達魯花赤各一員，從三品； 總管各一員，正五品； 同知各一員，正六品； 府判各一員，從七品。 首領官：經歷各一員，從八品； 知事各一員，從九品； 提控案牘兼管勾承發架閣各一員，蒙古譯史各一人，司吏各六人，典吏各二人。 又有農政司，置農政一員，正五品； 農丞一員，正六品； 提控一員，司吏二人。 又有豐盈庫，置提領一員，正八品； 大使、副使各一員，正九品。
Directorate-General for Supervising Yongtian Affairs. In Zhizheng 10 the Henan-Jiangbei general yongtian directorate was created with two grand commissioners at rank 2b; two vice commissioners, rank 3b; six registrars, rank 4b. chief officials: two administrators, rank 6b; two chief clerks, rank 7b; one scrutineer also handling document receipt and archives, rank 8b; one Mongol interpreter, one Muslim liaison officer, one guard courier, and one seal keeper; plus eighteen secretaries, eighteen envoys, eighteen trench guards, and four archive clerks. Its subordinates included five military-civilian garrison-farm supervisorates, each with a rank-3b darughachi; one supervisor each, rank 5a; one associate supervisor each, rank 6a; one prefectural judge each, rank 7b. chief officials: one administrator each, rank 8b; one director of affairs each, rank 9b; Each had one document controller with filing duties, one Mongol interpreter, six clerks, and two archive clerks. There was also an agriculture office with one rank-5a commissioner; one rank-6a vice commissioner; one controller and two clerks. There was also an abundance storehouse with one rank-8a superintendent; one grand envoy and one vice envoy, rank 9a.
31
分司農司。 至正十三年正月，命中書右丞悟良哈臺、左丞烏古孫良楨兼大司農卿，給分司農司印。 西自西山，南至保定、河間，北至檀、順州，東至遷民鎮，凡系官地，及元管各處屯田，悉從分司農司立法募民佃種之。
Branch Directorate of Agriculture. In the first month of Zhizheng 13 Right Vice Minister Oulaghati and Left Vice Minister Wugusun Liangzhen were ordered to serve concurrently as grand directors of agriculture and given the branch agriculture seal. From the Western Hills westward, Baoding and Hejian southward, Tan and Shun northward, and Qianmin Fort eastward, all official lands and existing garrison farms were placed under the branch directorate to issue rules recruiting tenant farmers.
32
大兵農司。 至正十五年，詔有水田去處，置大兵農司，招誘夫丁，有事則乘機招討，無事則栽植播種。 所置司之處，曰保定等處大兵農使司、河間等處大兵農使司、武清等處大兵農使司、景薊等處大兵農使司。 其屬，有兵農千戶所，共二十四處； 百戶所，共四十八處； 鎮撫司各一。
Grand Military-Agriculture Directorate. In Zhizheng 15 an edict directed paddy regions to establish grand military-agriculture offices that recruited laborers, turned out for suppression when needed, and farmed when at peace. Offices were set up at Baoding, Hejian, Wuqing, and Jing-Ji. Subordinates included twenty-four millenary offices; forty-eight centurion offices; and one pacification office each.
33
大都督兵農司。 至正十九年二月，置大都督兵農司於西京，以孛羅帖木兒領之，從其所請也。 仍置分司十道，專掌屯種之事。 茶運司。 元統元年十一月，復置湖廣江西榷茶都轉運司。
Metropolitan Military-Agriculture Grand Supervisorate. In the second month of Zhizheng 19 a metropolitan military-agriculture grand supervisorate was set up at Xijing under Boluo Temür, as he had requested. Ten branch circuits were also established solely for garrison farming. Tea Transport Directorate. In the eleventh month of Yuantong 1 the Huguang-Jiangxi tea monopoly transport directorate-general was restored.
34
鹽運司。 至正二年十一月，中書省奉旨講究鹽法，奏準於杭州、嘉興、紹興、溫臺四處，各置檢校批驗所，直隸運司，專掌批驗鹽商引目，均平袋法稱盤等事。 每所置檢校批驗官一員，從六品； 相副官一員，正七品。
Salt Transport Directorate. In the eleventh month of Zhizheng 2 the Secretariat was ordered to study salt law and secured approval for inspection offices at Hangzhou, Jiaxing, Shaoxing, and Wen-Tai under the transport directorate to verify merchant certificates, bag standards, and steelyard weights. Each office had one rank-6b inspection officer; one rank-7a adjunct officer.
35
漕運司。 至元二年五月，京畿都漕運司添設提調官、運副、運判各一員。 至正九年，添設海道巡防官，給降正七品印信，掌統領軍人水手，防護糧船。 巡防官二員，相副官二員。
Grain Transport Directorate. In the fifth month of Zhiyuan 2 the capital grain transport directorate added one coordinator, one transport vice director, and one transport judge. In Zhizheng 9 sea-route patrol officers with rank-7a seals were added to command troops and sailors protecting grain fleets. two patrol officers and two adjunct officers.
36
防禦海道運糧萬戶府。 至正十五年七月，升臺州海道巡防千戶所為防禦海道運糧萬戶府。 九月，置分府於平江。
Defense Millenary Office for Sea-Route Grain Transport. In the seventh month of Zhizheng 15 Taizhou's sea-route patrol millenary office was promoted to a defense millenary command for sea grain transport. In the ninth month a branch office was set up at Pingjiang.
37
添設兵馬司。 至正十年十月，中書省奏：「東南千里外，妖氣見，合立兵馬司四處，掌防禦之職。」 遂置大名兵馬司、東平兵馬司、濟南兵馬司、徐州兵馬司。 每司置都指揮、指揮各二員，副指揮各四員，經歷、知事、提控案牘各一員，譯史各二人，司吏各十二人，奏差各八人，貼書各二十四人，忽剌罕赤各三十人，司獄各一員，獄丞各一員。 十一年，罷沂州分元帥府，改立兵馬指揮使司。 十五年十月，濟寧兵馬司添設副指揮二員。
Supplementary Military-Horse Directorates. In the tenth month of Zhizheng 10 the Secretariat reported: "Ominous signs have appeared a thousand li southeast; four military-horse offices should be set up for defense. Four were then established at Daming, Dongping, Jinan, and Xuzhou. Each had two commanders-in-chief, two commanders, four vice commanders, one administrator, one director of affairs, one document controller, two interpreters, twelve clerks, eight memorial dispatchers, twenty-four copyists, thirty runners, and one prison director with one assistant. In the eleventh year Yizhou's branch marshalate was abolished and replaced by a military-horse command. In the tenth month of the fifteenth year Jining's directorate added two vice commanders.
38
各處寶泉提舉司。 至正十一年十月，置寶泉提舉司於河南行省及濟南、冀寧等處，凡九所。 江浙、江西、湖廣行省各一所。 十二年三月，置銅冶場於饒州路德興縣、信州路鉛山州、韶州岑水，凡三處。 每所置提領一員，正八品； 大使一員，從八品； 副使一員，正九品； 流官內銓註。 直隸寶泉提舉司，掌浸銅事。
Regional Baojuan Intendant Offices. In the eleventh month of Zhizheng 11 nine Baojuan intendant offices were set up in Henan, Jinan, Jining, and elsewhere. Jiang-Zhe, Jiangxi, and Huguang each had one. In the third month of the twelfth year three copper smelters were set up at Dexing, Qianshan, and Censhui. Each had one rank-8a superintendent; one rank-8b grand envoy; one rank-9a vice envoy; filled by internal selection among regular officials. A directly subordinate Baojuan intendant office managed copper-leaching.
39
湖南道宣慰使司都元帥府。 至元元年六月奏準，湖南道宣慰使司兼都元帥府，總領所轄路分鎮守萬戶軍馬。
Hunan Circuit Pacification Commission and Grand Marshal's Headquarters. In the sixth month of Zhiyuan 1 the Hunan pacification commission was approved to double as grand marshalate, commanding garrison millenary forces of its routes.
40
邦牙等處宣慰使司都元帥府，至元四年十二月置。 先是，以緬地處雲南極邊，就立其酋長為帥，三年一貢方物。 至是來貢，故改立官府以獎異之。
The Bangya pacification commission and grand marshalate was established in the twelfth month of Zhiyuan 4. Earlier, Burma being at Yunnan's far frontier, its chief had been made local commander and sent triennial tribute. When tribute now arrived, offices were reorganized to honor them.
41
永昌等處宣慰使司都元帥府。 至正三年七月，中書省奏：「闊端阿哈所分地方，接連西番，自脫脫木兒既沒之後，無人承嗣。 達達人口頭匹，時被西番劫奪殺傷，深為未便。」 遂定置永昌等處宣慰使司都元帥府以治之，置宣慰使三員、同知二員、副使二員。 首領官：經歷、知事、照磨各一員，令史十人，蒙古譯史四人，知印二人，怯裏馬赤一人，奏差八人，典吏二人。
Yongchang Pacification Commission and Grand Marshal's Headquarters. In the seventh month of Zhizheng 3 the Secretariat reported: "Koden Aq'a's allotted lands border Tibet; since Tokto Temür's death no successor has held them. Mongol households and herds are constantly raided and killed by Tibetans, to great harm. A Yongchang pacification commission and grand marshalate was then fixed to govern it, with three commissioners, two associate commissioners, and two vice commissioners. Chief staff comprised one administrator, one director of affairs, one scrutineer, ten secretaries, four Mongol interpreters, two seal keepers, one guard courier, eight memorial dispatchers, and two archive clerks.
42
山東東西道宣慰使司都元帥府，至正六年十二月改立，掌開設屯田、屯駐軍馬之事。
The Shandong east-west pacification commission and grand marshalate was reorganized in the twelfth month of Zhizheng 6 to open garrison farms and station troops.
43
荊湖北道宣慰使司都元帥府。 至正十一年十一月奏準，荊湖北道宣慰使司兼都元帥府。
Jinghu North Circuit Pacification Commission and Grand Marshal's Headquarters. In the eleventh month of Zhizheng 11 the Jinghu North pacification commission was approved to serve concurrently as grand marshalate.
44
浙東宣慰司。 至正十二年正月，添設宣慰使一員、同知一員、都事二員。
Eastern Zhejiang Pacification Commission. In the first month of Zhizheng 12 one commissioner, one associate commissioner, and two chief clerks were added.
45
淮東等處宣慰使司都元帥府，至正十五年二月置。 統率濠泗義兵萬戶府，並洪澤等處義兵。 招誘富民，出丁壯五千名者為萬戶，五百名者為千戶，一百名者為百戶，降宣敕牌面與之，命置司於泗州天長縣。
The Huaidong pacification commission and grand marshalate was established in the second month of Zhizheng 15. It commanded the Haosi righteous-millenary office and righteous militia at Hongze and elsewhere. Wealthy households were recruited—five thousand men made a millenary commander, five hundred a centurion, one hundred a company commander—with patent plaques granted and the office fixed at Tianchang in Sizhou.
46
興元等處宣慰使司都元帥府，至正十五年十二月置。
The Xingyuan pacification commission and grand marshalate was established in the twelfth month of Zhizheng 15.
47
江州等處宣慰使司都元帥府，至正十六年九月奏準，宣慰使都元帥廷授，佐貳僚屬，命江西行省平章政事道童、火你赤承制署之。
The Jiangzhou pacification commission and grand marshalate was approved in the ninth month of Zhizheng 16: the commissioner-marshal was court-appointed, but deputies were commissioned by Jiangxi pacification commissioners Daotong and Huonichi under imperial writ.
48
河南宣慰司。 至正十九年十月，罷洛陽招討軍民萬戶府，置宣慰司，以張俊為宣慰使。 東路都蒙古軍都元帥府，至正八年正月置。
Henan Pacification Commission. In the tenth month of Zhizheng 19 Luoyang's pacification millenary office was abolished and a pacification commission created with Zhang Jun as commissioner. The Eastern Circuit Mongol Army grand marshalate was established in the first month of Zhizheng 8.
49
分元帥府。 至正八年十二月，以福建盜起，詔汀、漳二州立分元帥府，以討捕之。 十一月，命買列的開分元帥府於沂州，以鎮禦東海群盜。 十一年正月，湖南寶慶路置分元帥府，又置寶武分元帥府。 三月，置山東分元帥府於登州，提調登、萊、寧海三州三十六處海口事。 十二年二月，置安東、安豐二處分元帥府。
Branch Marshal's Headquarters. In the twelfth month of Zhizheng 8, after bandits broke out in Fujian, the court ordered branch marshal's headquarters set up in Ting and Zhang prefectures to hunt them down. In the eleventh month Baidi'er was ordered to open a branch marshal's headquarters at Yizhou to suppress the pirate bands of the Eastern Sea. In the first month of year 11 a branch marshal's headquarters was set up on Hunan's Ba Qing Circuit, and a Baowu branch headquarters as well. In the third month a Shandong branch marshal's headquarters was placed at Dengzhou to coordinate thirty-six seaports across Deng, Lai, and Ninghai. In the second month of year 12 branch marshal's headquarters were established at Andong and Anfeng.
50
水軍元帥府。 至正二十六年二月，置河淮水軍元帥府於孟津縣。
Naval Forces Marshal's Headquarters. In the second month of Zhizheng 26 the Yellow River–Huai Naval Forces Marshal's Headquarters was set up at Mengjin County.
51
紹熙軍民宣撫司。 至元四年，因監察御史言：「四川在宋時，有紹熙一府，統六州、二十縣、一百五十二鎮。 近年雍、梁、淮甸人民，見彼中田疇廣闊，開墾成業者，凡二十餘萬戶。」 省部議定，遂奏準置紹熙等處軍民宣撫司。 正官六員，宣撫使、同知、副使各二員。 首領官三員，經歷、知事、提控案牘各一員。 司獄一員，蒙古、儒學教授各一員，令史八人，譯吏、知印、怯裏馬赤各一人，奏差四人。 所隸資、普、昌、隆下州四處，盤石、內江、安嶽、昌元、貴平下縣五處，巡檢司一十三處，各設官如制。 又置都總使司，命御史大夫脫脫兼都總使，治書侍御史吉當普為副都總使。 至元六年十一月，中書又因臺臣言裁減冗官事，遂罷紹熙軍民宣撫司。
Shaoxi Military-Civilian Pacification Commission. In Zhiyuan 4, after a supervising censor reported: "Under the Song, Sichuan had a Shaoxi prefecture governing six prefectures, twenty counties, and 152 market towns. In recent years people from Yong, Liang, and the Huai region, drawn by the wide fields there, had opened land and settled—more than 200,000 households in all." The secretariat and ministries agreed and memorialized approval to establish the Shaoxi and Other Places Military-Civilian Pacification Commission. Six chief posts: two Pacification Commissioners, two Associate Commissioners, and two Vice Commissioners. Three leading staff: one Registrar, one Clerk, and one Documents Controller. One prison intendant; one Mongol and one Confucian instructor; eight clerks; one translator, seal keeper, and courier each; and four imperial messengers. It governed four sub-prefectures (Zi, Pu, Chang, and Longxia), five sub-counties (Panshi, Neijiang, Anyue, Changyuan, and Guiping), and thirteen inspection posts, each staffed according to regulations. A Grand General Commandant's Office was also set up, with Censor-in-Chief Toqto'a as Grand General Commandant and Investigating Censor Jidangpu as deputy. In the eleventh month of Zhiyuan 6 the Central Secretariat, acting again on censorial advice to cut redundant posts, abolished the Shaoxi Military-Civilian Pacification Commission.
52
永順宣撫司。 至正十一年四月，改升永順安撫司為宣撫司。
Yongshun Pacification Commission. In the fourth month of Zhizheng 11 the Yongshun Pacification Office was promoted to a Pacification Commission.
53
平緬宣撫司。 至正十五年八月，以雲南死可伐等降，令其子莽三入貢方物，乃置平緬宣撫司以羈縻之。
Ping Mian Pacification Commission. In the eighth month of Zhizheng 15, after the Yunnan chieftain Sikefa submitted and his son Mangsan brought tribute to court, a Ping Mian Pacification Commission was set up to keep them under loose imperial control.
54
忠孝軍民安撫司。 至正十一年七月，革罷四川省所轄大奴管勾等洞長官司，立忠孝軍民府。 至十五年四月，詔改為忠孝軍民安撫司。
Zhongxiao Military-Civilian Pacification Commission. In the seventh month of Zhizheng 11 Sichuan's Dadu stewardship and other cave chieftain offices were abolished and the Zhongxiao Military-Civilian Prefecture created. In the fourth month of year 15 an edict converted it to the Zhongxiao Military-Civilian Pacification Commission.
55
忠義軍民安撫司。 至正十五年四月，罷四川羊母甲洞、臭南王洞長官司，置忠義軍民安撫司。 又罷盤順府，置盤順軍民安撫司。
Zhongyi Military-Civilian Pacification Commission. In the fourth month of Zhizheng 15 the Yangmujia and Chounanwang cave chieftain offices in Sichuan were abolished and the Zhongyi Military-Civilian Pacification Commission set up. Pan Shun Prefecture was also abolished and replaced by the Pan Shun Military-Civilian Pacification Commission.
56
宣化鎮南五路軍民府。 至正十五年四月，命於四川置立提調軍民鎮撫所、蠻夷軍民千戶所。
Xuanhua Zhennan Five-Circuit Military-Civilian Prefecture. In the fourth month of year 15 orders went out to set up in Sichuan a coordinating military-civilian pacification office and a tribal military-civilian millenary office.
57
團練安撫勸農使司。 至正十八年九月，置奉元延安等處團練安撫勸農使司於耀州，鞏昌等處團練安撫勸農使司於邠州，以行省丞相朵朵、行臺大夫完者帖木兒領之，各設參謀一人。 每道置使二人，同知、副使各二人，檢督六人，經歷、知事、照磨各一人。
Militia Training and Pacification Commission for Promoting Agriculture. In the ninth month of Zhizheng 18 militia-training pacification commissions for agriculture were set up at Yaozhou (for Fengyuan and Yan'an) and at Binzhou (for Gongchang), led by branch secretariat chancellor Duodu and censorial commissioner WanzhTemür, each with one staff adviser. Each circuit had two commissioners, two associate and two vice commissioners, six inspectors, and one registrar, clerk, and sealing registrar.
58
防禦使。 至正十七年正月，準山東分省咨，團結義兵，每州添設州判一員，每縣添設主簿一員，詔有司正官俱兼防禦使事，聽宣慰使司節制。
Defense Commissioner. In the first month of Zhizheng 17, approving Shandong branch-province advice to rally righteous militia, each prefecture gained an extra vice prefect and each county an extra chief clerk; an edict required regular officials to double as defense commissioners under the Pacification Commissioner's Office.
59
屯田使司。 至正十五年十二月，置軍民屯田使司於沛縣，正三品。
Military Colony Commissionerate. In the twelfth month of Zhizheng 15 a military-civilian colony commissionerate was set up at Pei County at rank 3a.
60
屯田打捕總管府。 至元四年五月，升兩淮屯田打捕總管府為正三品。
Colony Office for Hunting and Field Cultivation. In the fifth month of Zhiyuan 4 the Liang-Huai colony office for hunting and field cultivation was raised to rank 3a.
61
黎兵萬戶府。 元統二年十月，湖廣行省咨：「海南僻在極邊，南接占城，西鄰交趾，環海四千餘里，中盤百洞，黎、獠雜居，宜立萬戶府以鎮之。」 中書省奏準，依廣西屯田萬戶府例，置黎兵萬戶府。 萬戶三員，正三品。 千戶所一十三處，正五品。 每所領百戶所八處，正七品。
Li Forces Millenary Office. In the tenth month of Yuantong 2 the Huguang Branch Secretariat reported: "Hainan sits at the empire's edge; it borders Champa to the south and Annan to the west, with more than four thousand li of coast and a hundred mountain strongholds where Li and Liao peoples mingle—a millenary office should hold the region." The Central Secretariat approved the plan and, following the Guangxi military-colony millenary office model, established the Li Forces Millenary Office. Three millenary commanders, rank 3a. Thirteen centurion posts, rank 5a. Each post commanded eight company posts at rank 7a.
62
水軍萬戶府。 至正十三年十月，置水軍都萬戶府於昆山州，以浙東宣慰使納麟哈剌為正萬戶，宣慰使董摶霄為副萬戶。 十四年二月，立鎮江水軍萬戶府，命江浙行省右丞佛家閭領之。 十五年十月，置水軍萬戶府於黃河小清口。
Naval Forces Millenary Office. In the tenth month of Zhizheng 13 a grand naval millenary office was set up at Kunshan, with Eastern Zhejiang Pacification Commissioner Nalin Hala as chief commander and Pacification Commissioner Dong Bobo as deputy. In the second month of year 14 a Zhenjiang naval millenary office was created under Jiangsu-Zhejiang Branch Secretariat Right Vice Chancellor Fo Jialü. In the tenth month of year 15 a naval millenary office was placed at the Yellow River's Xiaoqing outlet.
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義兵萬戶府。 至正十四年二月，詔河南、淮南兩省並立義兵萬戶府。 五月，置南陽、鄧州等處毛胡蘆義兵萬戶府，募土人為軍，免其差役，令討賊自效。 先是，鄉人自相團結，號毛胡蘆，故因以名之。 十五年四月，置汴梁等處義兵萬戶府。 十二月，置忠義、忠勤萬戶府於宿州及武安州。
Righteous Militia Millenary Office. In the second month of Zhizheng 14 an edict ordered righteous militia millenary offices set up in both Henan and Huainan. In the fifth month Maohulu righteous militia millenary offices were set up at Nanyang, Dengzhou, and elsewhere, recruiting locals as troops, exempting them from corvée, and ordering them to fight bandits to earn their keep. Earlier villagers had banded together under the name Maohulu ("hairy gourds"), which gave the office its title. In the fourth month of year 15 righteous militia millenary offices were set up at Bianliang and elsewhere. In the twelfth month Zhongyi and Zhongqin millenary offices were established at Suzhou and Wu'an Prefecture.
64
招討軍民萬戶府。 至正二十年，以鞏縣為招討軍民萬戶府。 二十六年三月，置嵩州軍民招討萬戶府。
Pacification Military-Civilian Millenary Office. In Zhizheng 20 Gong County was made a pacification military-civilian millenary office. In the third month of year 26 the Songzhou military-civilian pacification millenary office was set up.
65
義兵千戶所。 至正十年七月中書奏準，於廣西平樂等古城竹山院、桑江隘、尊化鄉、剌場嶺，湖南道州路、武岡路、湖北靖州路等處，置義兵千戶所，每所置千戶一員、彈壓一員、百戶十員。 仍於義兵內推選才勇功能，充千戶、彈壓、百戶之職。 首領官、都目各一員，於本省都吏目選內註授，並從本道帥府節制。 湖南道州二處千戶所，於帥府分司處設立，本司調遣。 湖北靖州一處，從本省摽撥鎮守調遣。 總定九十六員，給降宣敕牌面印信。 十三年十一月，立義兵千戶水軍千戶所於江西。
Righteous Militia Centurion Post. In the seventh month of Zhizheng 10 the Central Secretariat approved righteous militia centurion posts at Zhucheng, Zhushan, Sangjiang Pass, Zunhua Township, and Cichang Ridge in Guangxi's Pingyao region, at Hunan's Daozhou and Wugang circuits, and at Hubei's Jingzhou—each with one centurion, one suppressor, and ten company commanders. Capable and brave men were to be chosen from the militia ranks to serve as centurions, suppressors, and company commanders. One leading official and one chief clerk were to be drawn from the provincial clerical roster and placed under the circuit marshal headquarters. Hunan's two Daozhou centurion posts were placed at the marshal headquarters branch and mobilized by the main command. Hubei's Jingzhou post was allocated by the provincial headquarters for garrison duty. Ninety-six posts were fixed in all, and imperial patent plaques and seals were issued. In the eleventh month of year 13 righteous militia and naval centurion posts were set up in Jiangxi.
66
奉使宣撫。 至正五年十月，遣官分道奉使宣撫，布宣德意，詢民疾苦，疏滌冤滯，蠲除煩苛，體察官吏賢否，明加黜陟。 有罪者，四品以上停職申請，五品以下就便處決，民間一切興利除害之事，悉聽舉行。 其餘必合上聞者，條具入告。 兩浙江東道，以江西行省左丞忽都不丁、吏部尚書何執禮為之，宣政院都事吳密為首領官。 江西福建道，以雲南行省右丞散散、將作院使王士弘為之，國子典簿孟昉為首領官。 江南湖廣道，以大都路達魯花赤拔實、江浙參政秦從德為之，留守司都事月忽難為首領官。 海北廣東道，以平江路達魯花赤左答納失理、都水使賈惟貞為之，都水照磨楊文在為首領官。 燕南山東道，以資正院使蠻子、兵部尚書李獻為之，太醫院都事賈魯為首領官。 河東陜西道，以兵部尚書不花、樞密院判官靳義為之，翰林應奉王繼善為首領官。 山北遼東道，以宣政院同知伯家奴、宣徽僉院王也速叠兒為之，工部主事明理不花為首領官。 雲南省，以荊湖宣慰阿乞剌、兩浙鹽運使杜德遠為之，通政院都事楊矩為首領官。 甘肅永昌道，以上都留守阿牙赤、陜西行省左丞王紳為之，沁源縣尹喬遜為首領官。 四川省，以大都留守答爾麻失裏、河南參政王守誠為之，宣政院都事武祺為首領官。 京畿道，以西臺中丞定定、集賢侍講學士蘇天爵為之，太史院都事留思誠為首領官。 河南江北道，以吏部尚書定僧、宣政院僉院魏景道為之，中書檢校哈爾丹為首領官。 至正十七年九月，詔以中書右丞也先不花、御史中丞成遵奉使宣撫彰德、大名、廣平、東昌、東平、曹、濮等處，獎厲將帥。
Imperial Envoy Pacification Commissioner. In the tenth month of Zhizheng 5 officials were sent out by circuit as imperial pacification envoys to proclaim the throne's intent, hear the people's grievances, clear wrongful detentions, lift onerous levies, judge officials' fitness, and promote or dismiss them openly. Officials guilty of crimes at rank 4 or above were to be suspended pending memorial; those of rank 5 and below could be dealt with on the spot; all measures to benefit the people or remove harm could be carried out at discretion. Anything else requiring imperial approval was to be listed item by item and reported upward. For the Liang-Zhe and Eastern Zhejiang circuit: Jiangxi Branch Secretariat Left Vice Chancellor Huduoding and Ministry of Personnel Minister He Zhili served as envoys, with Xuanzheng Yuan chief clerk Wu Mi as leading official. Jiangxi and Fujian circuit: Yunnan Branch Secretariat Right Vice Chancellor Sansan and Palace Workshop Commissioner Wang Shihong, with National University registrar Meng Fang as leading official. Jiangnan and Huguang circuit: Dadu Circuit darughachi Bashi and Jiangsu-Zhejiang Associate Administrator Qin Congde, with Capital Retention Office chief clerk Yuehunan as leading official. Haibei and Guangdong circuit: Pingjiang Circuit darughachi Zuodanashili and Waterworks Commissioner Jia Weizhen, with Waterworks registrar Yang Wenzai as leading official. Yan Mountains and Shandong circuit: Zizhengyuan Commissioner Manzi and Ministry of War Minister Li Xian, with Imperial Medical Academy chief clerk Jia Lu as leading official. Hedong and Shaanxi circuit: Ministry of War Minister Buhua and Privy Council Vice Director Jin Yi, with Hanlin Academy attendant Wang Jishan as leading official. Northern Mountains and Liaodong circuit: Xuanzheng Yuan Associate Commissioner Bejianu and Court Intendant Vice Commissioner Wang Yesudie'er, with Works Ministry chief clerk Mingli Buhua as leading official. Yunnan province: Jinghu Pacification Commissioner Aqili and Liang-Zhe Salt Transport Commissioner Du Deyuan, with Communications Office chief clerk Yang Ju as leading official. Gansu and Yongchang circuit: Shangdu Retention darughachi Ayachi and Shaanxi Branch Secretariat Left Vice Chancellor Wang Shen, with Qinyuan County magistrate Qiao Xun as leading official. Sichuan province: Dadu Retention darughachi Daermashili and Henan Associate Administrator Wang Shoucheng, with Xuanzheng Yuan chief clerk Wu Qi as leading official. Capital region circuit: Western Terrace Censor-in-Chief Dingding and Academy collator Su Tianjue, with Astronomy Bureau chief clerk Liu Sicheng as leading official. Henan and Jiangbei circuit: Ministry of Personnel Minister Dingseng and Xuanzheng Yuan Vice Commissioner Wei Jingdao, with Central Secretariat verifier Ha'erdan as leading official. In the ninth month of Zhizheng 17 an edict named Central Secretariat Right Vice Chancellor Yesen Buhua and Censor-in-Chief Cheng Zun pacification envoys to Zhangde, Daming, Guangping, Dongchang, Dongping, Cao, Pu, and other districts to encourage the commanders.
67
經略使。 至正十八年九月初六日，命經略使問民疾苦，招諭叛逆，果有怙終不悛，總督一應大小官吏，治兵裒粟，精練士卒，審用成算，申明紀律。 先定江西、湖廣、江浙、福建諸處，並力掎角，務收平復之效，不尚屠戮之威。 江南各省民義，忠君親上，姓名不能上達者，優加撫存，量才驗功，授以官爵。 旌表孝子順孫、義夫節婦、高年耆德，常令有司存恤鰥寡孤獨。 選官二員為經略使參謀官，辟名士一人掌案牘。 設行軍司馬一員，秩正五品，掌軍律。
Frontier Commissioner. On the sixth day of the ninth month of Zhizheng 18 frontier commissioners were ordered to hear the people's grievances and summon rebels to yield; if any remained obstinate, they were to command all officials, drill troops, gather grain, train soldiers carefully, apply proven strategy, and enforce discipline. They were to secure Jiangxi, Huguang, Jiangsu-Zhejiang, and Fujian first, coordinating forces from several directions, aiming to restore order rather than glory in slaughter. Righteous militia in the southern provinces who had served loyally but whose names never reached the court were to be generously supported; talent and merit were to be tested and offices granted. Filial sons, worthy grandsons, chaste spouses, and venerable elders were to be honored; responsible offices were to care regularly for widows, orphans, and the destitute alone. Two officials were to be chosen as staff advisers to the frontier commissioner, and one distinguished scholar recruited to manage documents. One field campaign marshal was appointed at rank 5a to enforce military law.
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◎選舉附錄○科目
◎ Appendix on Selection ○ Civil Service Examinations
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元以科目取士，自延祐至元統凡七科，具見前誌。 既罷復興之後，至正二年三月戊寅，廷試舉人，賜拜住、陳祖仁等進士及第、進士出身、同進士出身有差，凡七十有八人。 國子生員十有八人：蒙古人六名，從六品出身； 色目人六名，正七品出身； 漢人、南人共六名，從七品出身。 五年三月辛卯，廷試舉人，賜普顏不花、張士堅等進士及第、進士出身、同進士出身有差，如前科之數。 國子生員亦如之。 八年三月癸卯，廷試舉人，賜阿魯輝帖穆而、王宗哲等進士及第、進士出身、同進士出身有差，如前科之數。 國子生員亦如之。 是年四月，中書省奏準，監學生員每歲取及分生員四十人，三年應貢會試者，凡一百二十人。 除例取十八人外，今後再取副榜二十人，於內蒙古、色目各四名，前二名充司鑰，下二名充侍儀舍人。 漢人取一十二人，前三名充學正、司樂，次四名充學錄、典籍管勾，以下五名充舍人。 不願者，聽其還齋。 十一年三月丙辰，廷試舉人，賜朵列圖、文允中等進士及第、進士出身、同進士出身有差，凡八十有三人。 國子生員如舊制。
The Yuan recruited scholars through civil examinations; from the Yanyou through Yuantong periods there were seven rounds in all, recorded in the earlier treatises. After the examinations were suspended and then revived, on the wuyin day of the third month of Zhizheng 2 the palace examination was held; Baizhu, Chen Zuren, and others received jinshi with distinction, jinshi status, and associate jinshi status in varying degrees—seventy-eight men in all. Eighteen National University students: six Mongols at rank 6b; six Semuren at rank 7a; and six Han and Southern Chinese combined at rank 7b. On the xinmao day of the third month of year 5 the palace examination was held; Puyan Buhua, Zhang Shijian, and others received degrees in the same numbers as the previous round. National University students likewise. On the guimao day of the third month of year 8 the palace examination was held; Aruiltemür, Wang Zongzhe, and others received degrees as in the previous rounds. National University students likewise. In the fourth month of that year the Central Secretariat approved a plan: each year forty assignment students were to be taken from the supervising students; over three years 120 would present tribute for the metropolitan examination. Beyond the regular quota of eighteen, twenty more were to be drawn from the supplementary list: four Mongols and four Semuren; the top two would serve as key custodians and the next two as ceremonial attendants. Twelve Han candidates were selected: the top three as academy rectifier and director of music, the next four as academy recorders and directors of classics, and the remaining five as attendants. Those who declined were allowed to return to their quarters. On the bingchen day of the third month of year 11 the palace examination was held; Duolietu, Wen Yunzhong, and others received jinshi with distinction, jinshi status, and associate jinshi status in varying degrees—eighty-three men in all. National University students followed the former regulations.
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十二年三月，有旨：「省院臺不用南人，似有偏負。 天下四海之內，莫非吾民，宜依世祖時用人之法，南人有才學者，皆令用之。」 自是累科南方之進士，始有為御史，為憲司官，為尚書者矣。 十四年三月己巳，廷試舉人，賜薛朝晤、牛繼誌等進士及第、進士出身、同進士出身有差，凡六十有二人。 國子生員如舊制。 十七年三月，廷試舉人，賜侻征、王宗嗣等進士及第、進士出身、同進士出身有差，凡五十有一人。 國子生員如舊制。
In the third month of year 12 an imperial order declared: "The secretariat, ministries, and censorate do not employ Southern Chinese—this seems unfair. Within the four seas all are the emperor's subjects; the court should follow Kublai's methods of appointment and employ every talented Southern Chinese scholar." From then on, in successive rounds of examinations, Southern jinshi began to serve as censors, surveillance commissioners, and ministers. On the jisi day of the third month of year 14 the palace examination was held; Xue Chaowu, Niu Jizhi, and others received jinshi degrees in varying grades—sixty-two men in all. National University students followed the former regulations. In the third month of year 17 the palace examination was held; Niezheng, Wang Zongsi, and others received jinshi degrees in varying grades—fifty-one men in all. National University students followed the former regulations.
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十九年，中書左丞成遵建言：「宋自景祐以來，百五十年，雖無兵禍，常設寓試名額，以待四方遊士。 今淮南、河南、山東、四川、遼陽等處，及江南各省所屬州縣，避兵士民，會集京師。 如依前代故事，別設流寓鄉試之科，令避兵士民就試，許在京官員及請俸掾譯史人等，系其鄉里親戚者，結罪保舉，行移大都路印卷，驗其人數，添差試官，別為考校，依各處元額，選合格者充之，則國有得人之效，野無遺賢之嘆矣。」 既而監察御史亦建言此事，中書送禮部定擬：「曾經殘破處所，其鄉試元額，蒙古、色目、漢人、南人總計一百三十有二人。 如今流寓儒人，應試名數，難同全盛之時，其寓試解額，合照依元額減半量擬，取合格蒙古、色目各十五名，漢人二十名，南人十五名，通六十有五名。」 中書省奏準，如所擬行之。 而是歲福建行中書省初設鄉試，定取七人為額，而江西流寓福建者亦與試焉，通取十有五人，充貢於京師。 而陜西行省平章政事察罕帖木兒又請：「今歲八月鄉試，河南舉人及避兵儒士，不拘籍貫，依河南省元額數，就陜州置貢院應試。」 詔亦從之。 二十年三月，廷試舉人，賜買住、魏元禮等進士及第、進士出身、同進士出身有差，凡三十有五人。 國子生員如舊制。 二十三年三月丁未，廷試舉人，賜寶寶、楊輗等進士及第、進士出身、同進士出身有差，凡六十有二人。 國子生員如舊制。 是年六月，中書省奏：「江浙、福建舉人，涉海道以赴京，有六人者，已後會試之期，宜授以教授之職； 其下第三人，亦以教授之職授之。 非徒慰其跋涉險阻之勞，亦及激勸遠方忠義之士。」
In year 19 Associate Chancellor Cheng Zun proposed: "Since the Song Jingyou era, across a hundred and fifty years even without warfare, itinerant examination quotas were kept for traveling scholars from every region. Today people fleeing war from Huainan, Henan, Shandong, Sichuan, Liaoyang, and the prefectures and counties of the Jiangnan provinces have gathered at the capital. If, following earlier dynasties, a separate itinerant provincial examination were set up so war refugees could test, with capital officials and salaried clerks, translators, and others vouching for hometown kin under oath, Dadu Circuit issuing stamped registers, numbers verified, extra examiners appointed, separate grading conducted, and qualified candidates chosen per each region's original quota, the state would gain talent and the countryside would not mourn neglected worthies." A supervising censor also proposed this; the Central Secretariat referred it to the Ministry of Rites, which determined: "For once-devastated regions the original provincial quotas for Mongols, Semuren, Han, and Southern Chinese totaled 132. Today the number of itinerant scholars testing cannot match prosperous times; the itinerant passing quota should be half the original: fifteen Mongols, fifteen Semuren, twenty Han, and fifteen Southern Chinese—sixty-five in all." The Central Secretariat approved the plan and put it into effect. That year the Fujian Branch Secretariat held its first provincial examination with a quota of seven, but Jiangxi scholars residing in Fujian also tested; fifteen passed in all and were sent as tribute candidates to the capital. Shaanxi pacification commissioner Chaghan Temür also requested: "For this year's August provincial examination, Henan candidates and scholar-refugees, regardless of domicile, should test at an examination compound in Shaanzhou according to Henan's original quota." An edict approved this as well. In the third month of year 20 the palace examination was held; Maizhu, Wei Yuanli, and others received jinshi degrees in varying grades—thirty-five men in all. National University students followed the former regulations. On the dingwei day of the third month of year 23 the palace examination was held; Baobao, Yang E, and others received jinshi degrees in varying grades—sixty-two men in all. National University students followed the former regulations. In the sixth month of that year the Central Secretariat reported: "Six candidates from Jiangsu-Zhejiang and Fujian who traveled by sea to reach the capital missed the metropolitan examination deadline—they should be given instructor posts; the next three should also receive instructor posts. This would not only reward their arduous journey but also encourage loyal scholars in distant regions."
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二十五年，皇太子撫軍河東，適當大比之歲，擴廓帖木兒以江南、四川等處皆阻於兵，其鄉試不廢者，唯燕南、河南、山東、陜西、河東數道而已，乃啟皇太子倍增鄉貢之額。 二十六年三月，廷試舉人，賜赫德溥化、張棟等進士及第、進士出身、同進士出身有差，凡七十有三人，優其品秩，第一甲，授承直郎，正六品，第二甲，授承務郎，從六品； 第三甲，授從仕郎，從七品。 國子生員：蒙古七名，正六品； 色目六名，從六品； 漢人七名，正七品； 通二十人。 兵興已後，科目取士，莫盛於斯； 而元之設科，亦止於是歲云。
In year 25, as the crown prince campaigned in Hedong during the great examination year, Koču Temür noted that Jiangnan, Sichuan, and other regions were cut off by war and only the Yan South, Henan, Shandong, Shaanxi, and Hedong circuits still held provincial examinations; he asked the crown prince to double the tribute quotas. In the third month of year 26 the palace examination was held; Hede Puhua, Zhang Dong, and others received jinshi degrees in varying grades—seventy-three men in all, with enhanced ranks: the first class received Gentleman for Upright Service at rank 6a, the second Gentleman for Official Service at rank 6b; the third class Gentleman for Subordinate Service at rank 7b. National University students: seven Mongols at rank 6a; six Semuren at rank 6b; seven Han at rank 7a; twenty in all. After warfare broke out, no round of civil examinations for recruiting scholars was more flourishing than this; and the Yuan dynasty's civil examination system also ended in this year.