Volume 96 Treatises 49: Finance and Economics 4

1

食貨四○俸秩

Finance and Economics, Part Four: Salaries and Official Ranks

2

官必有祿，所以養廉也。元初未置祿秩，世祖既位之初，首命給之。內而朝臣百司，外而路府州縣，微而府史胥徒，莫不有祿。大德中，以外有司有職田，於是無職田者，復益之以俸米。其所以養官吏者，不亦厚乎！

Every officeholder must receive a salary, for that is how the state sustains honest conduct. In the early Yuan no formal salary scales existed; as soon as Kublai Khan took the throne, granting salaries was among his first orders. From court ministers and central agencies inward to circuit, prefectural, and county officials outward, and even down to petty clerks and runners, every post carried pay. During the Dade reign, since officials posted outside the capital often held official land allotments, those who had none were given an additional rice allowance on top of their cash salary. The state’s provision for its officials was nothing if not generous.

3

祿秩之制，凡朝廷職官，中統元年定之；六部官，二年定之；隨路州縣官，是年十月定之。至元六年，又分上中下縣，為三等。提刑按察司官吏，六年定之。自經歷以下，七年復增之。轉運司官及諸匠官，七年定之。其運司依民官例，於差發內支給。至十七年，定奪俸祿，凡內外官吏皆住支。十八年，更命公事畢而無罪者給之，公事未畢而有罪者逐之。二十二年，重定百官俸，始於各品分上中下三例，視職事為差，事大者依上例，事小者依中例。二十三年，又命內外官吏俸以十分為率，添支五分。二十九年，定各處儒學教授俸，與蒙古、醫學同。

The salary system for the bureaucracy was laid down in stages: court offices in the first year of the Zhongtong era (1260); the Six Ministries in the second year; and circuit, prefectural, and county officials in the tenth month of that same year. In Zhiyuan 6 (1269), counties were further classified into upper, middle, and lower grades for pay purposes. Salaries for the regional surveillance commissions were set in the sixth year. In the seventh year, pay for registrars and ranks below them was raised again. Transport commissioners and various craft-office officials received their scales in the seventh year. Transport offices, treated like civil local officials, were paid out of corvée-assignment funds. In Zhiyuan 17 (1280), salaries were reassessed and payment to all officials, court and local, was suspended. In the eighteenth year a new rule applied: salary was paid only after an assignment was completed and the holder cleared of wrongdoing; those still under investigation or found guilty were dismissed without pay. In Zhiyuan 22 (1285) official salaries were overhauled: each rank was given upper, middle, and lower rates, with the rate chosen according to how weighty the post was. In the twenty-third year all officials received a fifty-percent supplement on top of their base salary. In the twenty-ninth year the pay of Confucian-school professors throughout the realm was set equal to that of instructors in Mongolian and medical schools.

4

成宗大德三年，詔益小吏俸米。六年，又定各處行省、宣慰司、致用院、宣撫司、茶鹽運司、鐵冶都提舉司、淘金總管府、銀場提舉司等官循行俸例。七年，始加給內外官吏俸米。凡俸一十兩以下人員，依小吏例，每一兩給米一斗。十兩以上至二十五兩，每員給米一石。余上之數，每俸一兩給米一升。無米，則驗其時直給價，雖貴每石不過二十兩。上都、大同、隆興、甘肅等處，素非產米之地，每石權給中統鈔二十五兩，俸三錠以上者不給。至大二年，詔隨朝官員及軍官等俸改給至元鈔，而罷其俸米。延祐七年，又命隨朝官吏俸以十分為率，給米三分。

In Dade 3 (1299) Emperor Chengzong ordered an increase in the rice allowance for junior clerical staff. In the sixth year standard salary tables were extended to provincial administrations, pacification commissions, revenue offices, tea-and-salt transport bureaus, iron and gold agencies, silver-mine offices, and comparable posts nationwide. In the seventh year a rice allowance was first added to the pay of all officials, court and local. Officials paid less than ten taels of silver followed the junior-clerk rule: one dou of rice for each tael of salary. Those earning from ten to twenty-five taels received one shi of rice each. Above twenty-five taels, each additional tael of salary brought one sheng of rice. Where rice was unavailable, officials were paid in cash at the market rate, capped at twenty taels per shi even when grain was scarce. In non-rice-growing regions such as Shangdu, Datong, Longxing, and Gansu, a substitute of twenty-five taels of Zhongtong paper money per shi was paid instead; officials whose salary reached three ingots or more received no rice allowance. In Zhida 2 (1309) court officials and military officers were paid entirely in Zhiyuan paper money, and the rice supplement was discontinued. In Yanyou 7 (1320) court officials again received rice equal to thirty percent of their cash salary.

5

凡諸官員上任者不過初二日，罷任者已過初五日，給當月俸。各路官擅割官吏俸者罪之。諸職官病假百日之外，及因病求醫、親老告侍者，不給祿。後官已至，而前官被差者，其俸兩給之。隨朝官吏每月給俸，如告假事故，當官立限者全給，違限托故者追罰。軍官差出者許借俸，歿於王事者借俸免征。各投下保充路府州縣等官，其俸與王官等。

An official who took up his post by the second day of the month, or who left after the fifth, received the full salary for that month. Circuit authorities who diverted or withheld subordinates’ salaries were subject to punishment. Officials on sick leave for more than one hundred days, those absent to seek medical care, or those granted leave to nurse elderly parents received no pay. If a successor had already arrived while the outgoing official was still on a temporary assignment, both men were paid. Court officials were paid monthly; approved leave within the time set by one’s superior was paid in full, but extensions without good cause led to recovery of salary. Officers on campaign might draw salary in advance; if they died in the line of duty, any advance was not recovered from their estate. Officials appointed to local posts by imperial appanage holders were paid on the same scale as regular government appointees.

6

職田之制，路府州縣官至元三年定之，按察司官十四年定之，江南行省及諸司官二十一年定之，其數減腹裏之半。至武宗至大二年，外官有職田者，三品給祿米一百石，四品給六十石，五品五十石，六品四十五石，七品以下四十石；俸鈔改支至元鈔，其田拘收入官。四年，又詔公田及俸皆復舊制。延祐三年，外官無職田者，量給粟麥。凡交代官芒種已前去任者，其租後官收之，已後去任者前官分收。後又以爭競者多，俾各驗其俸月以為多寡。

Official land allotments for local and surveillance officials were set in Zhiyuan 3, 14, and 21 respectively; in the Jiangnan region the grants were half the size of those in the metropolitan provinces. In Zhida 2 under Emperor Wuzong, local officials who held official land received rice supplements by rank: one hundred shi for third rank, sixty for fourth, fifty for fifth, forty-five for sixth, and forty for seventh rank and below; their cash salaries were paid in Zhiyuan notes instead, and their official lands were confiscated to the government. In the fourth year official land and salary arrangements were restored to the previous system. In Yanyou 3 local officials who held no official land were granted measured allotments of grain and wheat. When officials changed posts, rent from official land sown before Grain-in-Ear went to the incoming officer; if the outgoing officer left after that date, he shared the harvest rent. Because disputes over these shares became frequent, the division was later calculated according to how many months each man had actually held salary.

7

其大略如此。今取其制之可考者，具列於後。至元二十二年百官俸例，各品分上中下三等：

Such was the broad outline of the system. What follows is a full listing of the regulations that can still be documented. Salary scales fixed in Zhiyuan 22 (1285), with upper, middle, and lower rates for each rank:

8

從一品六錠五錠正二品四錠二十五兩四錠一十五兩從二品四錠三錠三十五兩三錠二十五兩正三品三錠二十五兩三錠一十五兩三錠從三品三錠

Secondary first rank—upper six ingots, middle five ingots; regular second rank—upper four ingots twenty-five taels, middle four ingots fifteen taels; secondary second rank—upper four ingots, middle three ingots thirty-five taels, lower three ingots twenty-five taels; regular third rank—upper three ingots twenty-five taels, middle three ingots fifteen taels, lower three ingots; secondary third rank—upper three ingots

9

二錠三十五兩二錠二十五兩正四品二錠二十五兩

middle two ingots thirty-five taels, lower two ingots twenty-five taels; regular fourth rank—upper two ingots twenty-five taels

10

二錠一十五兩二錠從四品二錠一錠四十五兩一錠四十兩正五品一錠四十兩一錠三十兩從五品一錠三十兩一錠二十兩正六品一錠二十兩一錠一十五兩從六品一錠一十五兩一錠一十兩正七品一錠一十兩

middle two ingots fifteen taels, lower two ingots; secondary fourth rank—upper two ingots, middle one ingot forty-five taels, lower one ingot forty taels; regular fifth rank—upper one ingot forty taels, middle one ingot thirty taels; secondary fifth rank—upper one ingot thirty taels, middle one ingot twenty taels; regular sixth rank—upper one ingot twenty taels, middle one ingot fifteen taels; secondary sixth rank—upper one ingot fifteen taels, middle one ingot ten taels; regular seventh rank—upper one ingot ten taels

11

一錠五兩從七品一錠五兩一錠正八品一錠

middle one ingot five taels; secondary seventh rank—upper one ingot five taels, middle one ingot; regular eighth rank—upper one ingot

12

四十五兩從八品四十五兩四十兩正九品四十兩三十五兩從九品三十五兩內外官俸數：

middle forty-five taels; secondary eighth rank—upper forty-five taels, middle forty taels; regular ninth rank—upper forty taels, middle thirty-five taels; secondary ninth rank—upper thirty-five taels. Detailed salaries of court and local officials:

13

太師府：太師，俸一百四十貫，米一十五石。諮議、參軍，俸四十五貫，米四石五斗。長史，俸三十四貫六錢六分，米三石。太傅、太保府同。監修國史、參軍、長史同。

Grand Preceptor’s Office: the Grand Preceptor received 140 guan in salary and fifteen shi of rice. The Counselor and Staff Adjutant each received 45 guan and four shi five dou of rice. The Chief Clerk received 34 guan 6 qian 6 fen and three shi of rice. The Grand Tutor’s and Grand Guardian’s offices followed the same scale. The Supervisor of the National History and its Staff Adjutant and Chief Clerk were paid on the same terms.

14

中書省：右丞相，俸一百四十貫，米一十五石；左丞相同。平章政事，俸一百二十八貫六錢六分六厘，米一十二石。右丞，俸一百一十八貫六錢六分六厘，米一十二石；左丞同。參知政事，俸九十五貫三錢三分三厘，米九石五斗。參議，俸五十九貫，米六石。郎中，俸四十二貫，米四石五斗。員外郎，俸三十四貫六錢六分六厘，米三石。都事，俸二十八貫，米三石。承發管勾，俸二十五貫三錢三分三厘，米二石；照磨、省架閣庫管勾、回回架閣庫管勾並同。檢校官，俸二十八貫，米三石五斗。斷事官，內一十八員俸各八十二貫六錢六分六厘，米八石五斗；一十四員俸各五十九貫三錢三分三厘，米六石；一員俸五十四貫六錢六分六厘，米五石五斗；一員俸四十貫六錢六分六厘，米四石。經歷，俸二十三貫六錢六分六厘，米二石五斗。知事，俸二十二貫，米二石。客省使，俸三十九貫三錢三分三厘，米三石五斗；副使，俸二十八貫，米三石。直省舍人，俸三十四貫六錢六分六厘，米三石。六部尚書，俸七十八貫，米八石。侍郎，俸五十三貫三錢三分三厘，米五石。郎中，俸三十四貫六錢六分六厘，米三石。員外郎，俸二十八貫，米三石。主事，俸二十六貫六錢六分六厘，米二石五斗。戶部司計，俸二十八貫，米三石。工部司程，俸一十八貫，米二石五斗。刑部獄丞，俸一十一貫，米一石。司籍提領，俸一十二貫六錢六分六厘，米一石。同提領，俸一十一貫三錢三分三厘，米五斗。

Secretariat: the Right Chancellor received 140 guan and fifteen shi of rice; the Left Chancellor the same. the Grand Councillor received 128 guan 6 qian 6 fen 6 li and twelve shi of rice. the Right Vice Chancellor, 118 guan 6 qian 6 fen 6 li and twelve shi of rice; the Left Vice Chancellor the same. the Vice Grand Councillor, 95 guan 3 qian 3 fen 3 li and nine shi five dou of rice. the Participating Secretary, 59 guan and six shi of rice. the Director, 42 guan and four shi five dou of rice. the Vice Director, 34 guan 6 qian 6 fen 6 li and three shi of rice. the Secretary-General, 28 guan and three shi of rice. the Dispatch Controller, 25 guan 3 qian 3 fen 3 li and two shi of rice; the Record Examiner, Provincial Archive Controller, and Muslim Archive Controller likewise. the Inspector, 28 guan and three shi five dou of rice. Adjudication Officials: eighteen posts at 82 guan 6 qian 6 fen 6 li and eight shi five dou of rice each; fourteen posts at 59 guan 3 qian 3 fen 3 li and six shi of rice; one post at 54 guan 6 qian 6 fen 6 li and five shi five dou; one post at 40 guan 6 qian 6 fen 6 li and four shi of rice. the Registrar, 23 guan 6 qian 6 fen 6 li and two shi five dou of rice. the Assistant, 22 guan and two shi of rice. the Guest Reception Commissioner, 39 guan 3 qian 3 fen 3 li and three shi five dou of rice; the Vice Commissioner, 28 guan and three shi of rice. the Direct Secretariat Attendant, 34 guan 6 qian 6 fen 6 li and three shi of rice. Ministers of the Six Ministries, 78 guan and eight shi of rice. Vice Ministers, 53 guan 3 qian 3 fen 3 li and five shi of rice. Directors, 34 guan 6 qian 6 fen 6 li and three shi of rice. Vice Directors, 28 guan and three shi of rice. Section Chiefs, 26 guan 6 qian 6 fen 6 li and two shi five dou of rice. the Revenue Bureau Accountant of the Ministry of Revenue, 28 guan and three shi of rice. the Works Bureau Planner of the Ministry of Works, 18 guan and two shi five dou of rice. the Prison Director of the Ministry of Punishments, 11 guan and one shi of rice. the Registry Superintendent, 12 guan 6 qian 6 fen 6 li and one shi of rice. the Associate Superintendent, 11 guan 3 qian 3 fen 3 li and five dou of rice.

15

樞密院：知院，俸一百二十九貫三錢三分三厘，米一十三石五斗。同知，俸一百六貫，米一十一石。副樞，俸九十五貫三錢三分三厘，米九石五斗。僉院，俸九十貫一錢八分六厘，米九石五斗。同僉，俸五十九貫三錢三分三厘，米六石。院判，俸四十二貫，米四石五斗。參議，俸三十九貫三錢三分三厘，米三石五斗。經歷，俸三十四貫六錢六分六厘，米三石。都事，俸二十八貫，米二石。照磨，俸二十二貫，米二石；管勾同。斷事官，俸五十九貫三錢三分三厘，米六石。經歷，俸二十五貫三錢三分三厘，米二石。知事，俸二十貫六錢六分六厘，米一石五斗。客省使，俸三十一貫三錢三分三厘，米三石；副使俸二十二貫，米二石。右衛都指揮使，俸七十貫，米七石五斗。副都指揮使，俸五十九貫三錢三分三厘，米六石。僉事，俸四十八貫六錢六分六厘，米四石五斗。經歷，俸二十五貫三錢三分三厘，米二石。知事，俸二十貫六錢六分六厘，米一石五斗。照磨，俸一十八貫六錢六分六厘，米一石五斗。鎮撫，俸二十貫六錢六分六厘，米一石五斗。行軍官：千戶，俸二十五貫三錢三分三厘，米二石。副千戶，俸二十貫六錢六分六厘，米一石五斗。百戶，俸一十七貫三錢三分三厘，米一石五斗。彈壓，俸一十二貫六錢六分六厘，米一石。知事，俸一十一貫三錢三分三厘，米一石。弩軍官：千戶，俸二十貫六錢六分六厘，米一石五斗。百戶，俸一十二貫六錢六分六厘，米一石。彈壓，俸一十一貫三錢三分三厘，米五斗。都目，俸一十貫，米五斗。屯田千戶所同弩軍官例。左衛、前衛、後衛、中衛、武衛、左阿速衛、右阿速衛、左都威衛、右都威衛、左欽察衛、右欽察衛、左衛率府、宗仁衛、西域司、唐兀司、貴赤司並同右衛例。忠翊侍衛都指揮使，俸一百貫。副使，俸八十三貫三錢三分三厘。僉事，俸六十六貫六錢六分六厘。經歷，俸三十三貫三錢三分三厘。知事，俸二十六貫六錢六分六厘。照磨，俸二十四貫六錢六分六厘。行軍官：千戶，俸三十三貫三錢三分三厘。副千戶，俸二十六貫六錢六分六厘。百戶，俸二十三貫三錢三分三厘。彈壓，俸一十六貫六錢六分六厘。知事，俸一十五貫三錢三分三厘。弩軍官：千戶，俸二十六貫六錢六分六厘。百戶，俸一十六貫六錢六分六厘。彈壓，俸一十三貫三錢三分三厘。右手屯田千戶所：千戶，俸二十六貫六錢六分六厘。百戶，俸一十六貫六錢六分六厘。左手屯田千戶所同。隆鎮衛、右翊蒙古侍衛並同忠翊侍衛例。

Privy Council: the Councilor received 129 guan 3 qian 3 fen 3 li and thirteen shi five dou of rice. the Vice Councilor, 106 guan and eleven shi of rice. the Deputy Councilor, 95 guan 3 qian 3 fen 3 li and nine shi five dou of rice. the Associate Councilor, 90 guan 1 qian 8 fen 6 li and nine shi five dou of rice. the Vice Associate Councilor, 59 guan 3 qian 3 fen 3 li and six shi of rice. the Council Vice Director, 42 guan and four shi five dou of rice. the Participating Secretary, 39 guan 3 qian 3 fen 3 li and three shi five dou of rice. the Registrar, 34 guan 6 qian 6 fen 6 li and three shi of rice. the Secretary-General, 28 guan and two shi of rice. the Record Examiner, 22 guan and two shi of rice; the Controller the same. the Adjudication Official, 59 guan 3 qian 3 fen 3 li and six shi of rice. The Registrar received twenty-five guan three qian three fen three li and two shi of rice The Assistant received twenty guan six qian six fen six li and one shi five dou of rice The Guest Reception Commissioner received thirty-one guan three qian three fen three li and three shi of rice; The Vice Commissioner received twenty-two guan and two shi of rice The Commander-in-chief of the Right Guard received seventy guan and seven shi five dou of rice The Deputy Commander-in-chief received fifty-nine guan three qian three fen three li and six shi of rice The Commissioner received forty-eight guan six qian six fen six li and four shi five dou of rice The Registrar received twenty-five guan three qian three fen three li and two shi of rice The Assistant received twenty guan six qian six fen six li and one shi five dou of rice The Record Examiner received eighteen guan six qian six fen six li and one shi five dou of rice The Pacification Commissioner received twenty guan six qian six fen six li and one shi five dou of rice The Field officers: Chiliarch received twenty-five guan three qian three fen three li and two shi of rice The Vice Chiliarch received twenty guan six qian six fen six li and one shi five dou of rice The Centurion received seventeen guan three qian three fen three li and one shi five dou of rice The Suppressor received twelve guan six qian six fen six li and one shi of rice The Assistant received eleven guan three qian three fen three li and one shi of rice The Crossbow officers: Chiliarch received twenty guan six qian six fen six li and one shi five dou of rice The Centurion received twelve guan six qian six fen six li and one shi of rice The Suppressor received eleven guan three qian three fen three li and five dou of rice The Company Commander received ten guan and five dou of rice The garrison-agriculture chiliarch offices were paid on the same scale as the crossbow officers. The Left Guard, Forward, Rear, and Central Guards, the Martial Guard, the Left and Right Asud and Imperial Guards, the Left and Right Qipchaq Guards, the Left Guard of the Heir Apparent, the Zongren Guard, and the Western Regions, Tangut, and Imperial Bodyguard offices all followed the Right Guard scale. The Loyal Support Guard Commander-in-chief received one hundred guan The Deputy Commander received eighty-three guan three qian three fen three li The Commissioner received sixty-six guan six qian six fen six li The Registrar received thirty-three guan three qian three fen three li The Assistant received twenty-six guan six qian six fen six li The Record Examiner received twenty-four guan six qian six fen six li The Field officers: Chiliarch received thirty-three guan three qian three fen three li The Vice Chiliarch received twenty-six guan six qian six fen six li The Centurion received twenty-three guan three qian three fen three li The Suppressor received sixteen guan six qian six fen six li The Assistant received fifteen guan three qian three fen three li The Crossbow officers: Chiliarch received twenty-six guan six qian six fen six li The Centurion received sixteen guan six qian six fen six li The Suppressor received thirteen guan three qian three fen three li The Right-hand Garrison-agriculture Chiliarch Office: Chiliarch received twenty-six guan six qian six fen six li The Centurion received sixteen guan six qian six fen six li The Left-hand Garrison-agriculture Chiliarch Office followed the same scale. The Longzhen Guard and the Right-wing Mongol Guard followed the Loyal Support Guard scale.

16

御史臺：御史大夫，俸一百一十八貫六錢六分，米一十二石。中丞，俸一百六貫，米一十一石。侍御史，俸九十六貫三錢五分，米九石五斗。治書侍御史，俸九十貫一錢八分，米九石五斗。經歷，俸三十四貫六錢六分，米三石。都事，俸二十八貫，米三石。殿中，俸四十八貫六錢六分，米四石五斗。知班，俸一十四貫，米一石五斗。監察御史，俸二十八貫，米三石。

The Censorate: Censor-in-chief received one hundred eighteen guan six qian six fen and twelve shi of rice The Censorate: Vice Censor-in-chief received one hundred six guan and eleven shi of rice The Attending Censor received ninety-six guan three qian five fen and nine shi five dou of rice The Drafting Attending Censor received ninety guan one qian eight fen and nine shi five dou of rice The Registrar received thirty-four guan six qian six fen and three shi of rice The Secretary-General received twenty-eight guan and three shi of rice The Palace Attendant received forty-eight guan six qian six fen and four shi five dou of rice The Duty Officer received fourteen guan and one shi five dou of rice The Investigating Censor received twenty-eight guan and three shi of rice

17

奎章閣學士院：大學士，俸一百一貫三錢三分三厘，米一十石五斗。侍書學士，俸九十五貫三錢三分三厘，米九石五斗。承制學士，俸七十八貫，米八石。供奉學士，俸五十九貫三錢三分三厘，米六石。參書，俸三十四貫三錢三分三厘，米三石。典簽，俸二十八貫，米三石。鑒書博士，俸四十一貫，米四石五斗。授經郎，俸二十八貫，米三石。

The Hall of Imperial Glories Academy: Grand Academician received one hundred one guan three qian three fen three li and ten shi five dou of rice The Calligraphy Academician received ninety-five guan three qian three fen three li and nine shi five dou of rice The Edict Academician received seventy-eight guan and eight shi of rice The Attendance Academician received fifty-nine guan three qian three fen three li and six shi of rice The Associate Secretary received thirty-four guan three qian three fen three li and three shi of rice The Document Controller received twenty-eight guan and three shi of rice The Doctor of Appraisal received forty-one guan and four shi five dou of rice The Lecturer received twenty-eight guan and three shi of rice

18

太禧宗禋院：院使，俸一百一十八貫六錢六分六厘，米一十二石。同知，俸一百貫，米一十石。副使，俸九十五貫三錢三分三厘，米九石五斗。僉院，俸九十貫一錢八分，米九石。同僉，俸五十九貫三錢三分三厘，米六石。院判，俸四十二貫，米四石五斗。參議，俸三十九貫三錢三分三厘，米三石五斗。經歷，俸三十四貫六錢六分六厘，米三石。都事，俸二十八貫，米三石。照磨，俸二十二貫，米二石；管勾同。斷事官，俸五十九貫三錢三分，米六石。經歷，俸二十五貫三錢三分，米二石。知事，俸二十貫六錢六分，米一石五斗。客省使，俸三十一貫三錢三分，米三石。副使，俸二十二貫，米二石。

The Supreme Ritual Commission: Commissioner received one hundred eighteen guan six qian six fen six li and twelve shi of rice The Vice Commissioner received one hundred guan and ten shi of rice The Deputy Commissioner received ninety-five guan three qian three fen three li and nine shi five dou of rice The Associate Commissioner received ninety guan one qian eight fen and nine shi of rice The Vice Associate Commissioner received fifty-nine guan three qian three fen three li and six shi of rice The Commission Vice Director received forty-two guan and four shi five dou of rice The Participating Secretary received thirty-nine guan three qian three fen three li and three shi five dou of rice The Registrar received thirty-four guan six qian six fen six li and three shi of rice The Secretary-General received twenty-eight guan and three shi of rice The Record Examiner received twenty-two guan and two shi of rice; The Controller followed the same scale. The Adjudication Official received fifty-nine guan three qian three fen and six shi of rice The Registrar received twenty-five guan three qian three fen and two shi of rice The Assistant received twenty guan six qian six fen and one shi five dou of rice The Guest Reception Commissioner received thirty-one guan three qian three fen and three shi of rice The Vice Commissioner received twenty-two guan and two shi of rice

19

宣政院：院使，俸一百一十八貫六錢六分，米一十二石。同知，俸一百六貫，米一十一石。副使，俸九十五貫三錢三分，米九石五斗。僉院，俸九十貫一錢八分，米九石五斗。同僉，俸五十九貫三錢三分，米六石。院判，俸四十二貫，米四石五斗。參議，俸三十九貫三錢三分，米三石五斗。經歷，俸三十四貫六錢六分，米三石五斗。都事，俸二十八貫，米三石。照磨，俸二十二貫，米二石；管勾同。斷事官、客省使並同太禧宗禋院例。宣徽院同。

The Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs: Commissioner received one hundred eighteen guan six qian six fen and twelve shi of rice The Vice Commissioner received one hundred six guan and eleven shi of rice The Deputy Commissioner received ninety-five guan three qian three fen and nine shi five dou of rice The Associate Commissioner received ninety guan one qian eight fen and nine shi five dou of rice The Vice Associate Commissioner received fifty-nine guan three qian three fen and six shi of rice The Commission Vice Director received forty-two guan and four shi five dou of rice The Participating Secretary received thirty-nine guan three qian three fen and three shi five dou of rice The Registrar received thirty-four guan six qian six fen and three shi five dou of rice The Secretary-General received twenty-eight guan and three shi of rice The Record Examiner received twenty-two guan and two shi of rice; The Controller followed the same scale. The Adjudication Official and Guest Reception Commissioner followed the Supreme Ritual Commission scale. The Palace Service Commission followed the same scale.

20

翰林國史院：承旨，俸一百一十八貫六錢六分，米一十二石。學士，俸一百六貫，米一十一石。侍讀學士，俸九十五貫三錢三分，米九石五斗；侍講學士同。直學士，俸五十九貫三錢三分三厘，米六石。經歷，俸三十四貫六錢六分六厘，米三石。都事，俸二十八貫，米三石。待制，俸三十九貫三錢三分三厘，米三石五斗。修撰，俸二十八貫，米三石。應奉，俸二十五貫三錢三分三厘，米二石。編修，俸二十二貫，米二石；檢閱同。典籍，俸二十貫六錢六分六厘，米一石五斗。翰林院、集賢院，大學士同承旨，余並同上例。

The Hanlin Academy and National History Office: Director received one hundred eighteen guan six qian six fen and twelve shi of rice The Academician received one hundred six guan and eleven shi of rice The Reader-in-waiting received ninety-five guan three qian three fen and nine shi five dou of rice; The Lecturer-in-waiting followed the same scale. The Direct Academician received fifty-nine guan three qian three fen three li and six shi of rice The Registrar received thirty-four guan six qian six fen six li and three shi of rice The Secretary-General received twenty-eight guan and three shi of rice The Drafting Attendant received thirty-nine guan three qian three fen three li and three shi five dou of rice The Compiler received twenty-eight guan and three shi of rice The Attendant received twenty-five guan three qian three fen three li and two shi of rice The Editor received twenty-two guan and two shi of rice; The Reviewer followed the same scale. The Archivist received twenty guan six qian six fen six li and one shi five dou of rice At the Hanlin Academy and the Academy of Scholarly Worthies, the Grand Academician was paid like the Director; all other posts followed the scales listed above.

21

中政院：院使，俸一百一貫三錢三分三厘，米一十石五斗。同知，俸八十二貫六錢六分六厘，米八石五斗。僉院，俸七十貫，米七石五斗。同僉，俸五十九貫三錢三分三厘，米六石。院判，俸四十三貫，米四石五斗。司議，俸三十四貫六錢六分六厘，米三石。長史，俸二十八貫，米三石。照磨，俸二十二貫，米二石；管勾同。太醫院、典瑞院、將作院、太史院、儲政院並同。

The Commissioner received one hundred one guan three qian three fen three li and ten shi five dou of rice The Vice Commissioner received eighty-two guan six qian six fen six li and eight shi five dou of rice The Associate Commissioner received seventy guan and seven shi five dou of rice The Vice Associate Commissioner received fifty-nine guan three qian three fen three li and six shi of rice The Commission Vice Director received forty-three guan and four shi five dou of rice The Counselor received thirty-four guan six qian six fen six li and three shi of rice The Chief Clerk received twenty-eight guan and three shi of rice The Record Examiner received twenty-two guan and two shi of rice; The Controller followed the same scale. Imperial Medical Institute, Imperial Insignia Institute, Construction Commission, Astronomical Observatory, Heir Apparent Household all followed the same scale.

22

太常禮儀院：院使，俸八十二貫六錢六分，米八石五斗。同知，俸七十二貫，米七石五斗。僉院，俸四十八貫六錢六分六厘，米四石五斗。同僉，俸四十二貫，米四石五斗。院判，俸三十七貫三錢三分三厘，米四石。經歷，俸二十八貫，米三石。都事，俸二十五貫三錢三分，米二石。照磨，俸二十二貫，米二石。太祝，俸二十貫六錢六分，米一石五斗；奉禮、協律同。

The Commissioner received eighty-two guan six qian six fen and eight shi five dou of rice The Vice Commissioner received seventy-two guan and seven shi five dou of rice The Associate Commissioner received forty-eight guan six qian six fen six li and four shi five dou of rice The Vice Associate Commissioner received forty-two guan and four shi five dou of rice The Commission Vice Director received thirty-seven guan three qian three fen three li and four shi of rice The Registrar received twenty-eight guan and three shi of rice The Secretary-General received twenty-five guan three qian three fen and two shi of rice The Record Examiner received twenty-two guan and two shi of rice The Grand Sacrificer received twenty guan six qian six fen and one shi five dou of rice; The Ceremonial Usher and Pitch Harmonizer followed the same scale.

23

通政院：院使，俸八十二貫六錢六分六厘，米八石五斗。同知，俸七十貫，米七石五斗。副使，俸五十九貫三錢三分三厘，米六石。僉院，俸四十八貫六錢六分六厘，米四石五斗。同僉，俸四十四貫，米四石五斗。院判，俸三十九貫三錢三分三厘，米三石五斗。經歷，俸三十四貫六錢六分六厘，米三石。都事，俸二十六貫六錢六分六厘，米二石五斗。照磨，俸二十二貫，米二石。

The Commissioner received eighty-two guan six qian six fen six li and eight shi five dou of rice The Vice Commissioner received seventy guan and seven shi five dou of rice The Deputy Commissioner received fifty-nine guan three qian three fen three li and six shi of rice The Associate Commissioner received forty-eight guan six qian six fen six li and four shi five dou of rice The Vice Associate Commissioner received forty-four guan and four shi five dou of rice The Commission Vice Director received thirty-nine guan three qian three fen three li and three shi five dou of rice The Registrar received thirty-four guan six qian six fen six li and three shi of rice The Secretary-General received twenty-six guan six qian six fen six li and two shi five dou of rice The Record Examiner received twenty-two guan and two shi of rice

24

大宗正府：也可紥魯忽赤，內一員俸一百一十八貫六錢六分六厘，米一十二石；二十七員俸八十二貫六錢六分六厘，米八石；五員俸六十七貫三錢三分三厘，米六石五斗。郎中，俸三十六貫，米三石五斗。員外郎，俸三十一貫三錢三分三厘，米三石。都事，俸二十六貫六錢六分六厘，米二石五斗。照磨，俸二十二貫，米二石；管勾同。

Court of the Imperial Clan: one Yeke Jarquchi received one hundred eighteen guan six qian six fen six li and twelve shi of rice; 27 posts at eighty-two guan six qian six fen six li and eight shi of rice each. 5 posts at sixty-seven guan three qian three fen three li and six shi five dou of rice each. The Director received thirty-six guan and three shi five dou of rice The Vice Director received thirty-one guan three qian three fen three li and three shi of rice The Secretary-General received twenty-six guan six qian six fen six li and two shi five dou of rice The Record Examiner received twenty-two guan and two shi of rice; The Controller followed the same scale.

25

大司農司：大司農，俸一百一十八貫六錢六分，米一十二石。大司農卿，俸一百三貫，米一十一石。大司農少卿，俸九十五貫三錢三分，米九石五斗。大司農丞，俸九十貫一錢八分，米九石五斗。經歷，俸三十四貫六錢六分，米三石。都事，俸二十八貫，米三石。照磨，俸二十二貫，米二石；管勾同。

The Minister of Agriculture received one hundred eighteen guan six qian six fen and twelve shi of rice The Minister of Agriculture received one hundred three guan and eleven shi of rice The Vice Minister of Agriculture received ninety-five guan three qian three fen and nine shi five dou of rice The Assistant Minister of Agriculture received ninety guan one qian eight fen and nine shi five dou of rice The Registrar received thirty-four guan six qian six fen and three shi of rice The Secretary-General received twenty-eight guan and three shi of rice The Record Examiner received twenty-two guan and two shi of rice; The Controller followed the same scale.

26

內史府：內史，俸一百四十三貫三錢三分。中尉，俸一百一十六貫六錢六分六厘。司馬，俸八十三貫三錢三分三厘。諮議，俸四十六貫六錢六分六厘。記室，俸四十貫。照磨，俸三十貫。

The Inner Scribe received one hundred forty-three guan three qian three fen The Commandant received one hundred sixteen guan six qian six fen six li The Marshal received eighty-three guan three qian three fen three li The Counselor received forty-six guan six qian six fen six li The Recorder received forty guan The Record Examiner received thirty guan

27

大都留守司：留守，俸一百一貫三錢三分，米一十石五斗。同知，俸八十二貫六錢六分，米八石五斗。副留守，俸五十九貫三錢三分三厘，米六石。留判，俸四十二貫，米四石五斗。經歷，俸三十四貫六錢六分六厘，米三石。都事，俸二十八貫，米三石。照磨，俸二十二貫，米二石。

The Intendant received one hundred one guan three qian three fen and ten shi five dou of rice The Vice Commissioner received eighty-two guan six qian six fen and eight shi five dou of rice The Deputy Intendant received fifty-nine guan three qian three fen three li and six shi of rice The Intendant Vice Director received forty-two guan and four shi five dou of rice The Registrar received thirty-four guan six qian six fen six li and three shi of rice The Secretary-General received twenty-eight guan and three shi of rice The Record Examiner received twenty-two guan and two shi of rice

28

都護府：大都護，俸八十二貫六錢六分六厘，米八石五斗。同知，俸七十二貫，米七石五斗。副都護，俸五十九貫三錢三分三厘，米六石。經歷，俸二十八貫，米三石。都事，俸二十六貫六錢六分六厘，米二石五斗。照磨，俸二十二貫，米二石。

The Chief Protector received eighty-two guan six qian six fen six li and eight shi five dou of rice The Vice Commissioner received seventy-two guan and seven shi five dou of rice The Deputy Chief Protector received fifty-nine guan three qian three fen three li and six shi of rice The Registrar received twenty-eight guan and three shi of rice The Secretary-General received twenty-six guan six qian six fen six li and two shi five dou of rice The Record Examiner received twenty-two guan and two shi of rice

29

崇福司：司使，俸八十二貫六錢六分六厘，米八石。同知，俸七十貫，米七石五斗。副使，俸五十九貫三錢三分，米六石。司丞，俸三十九貫三錢三分，米三石五斗。經歷，俸二十八貫，米三石。都事，俸二十六貫六分六厘，米二石五斗。照磨，俸二十二貫，米二石。

The Commissioner received eighty-two guan six qian six fen six li and eight shi of rice The Vice Commissioner received seventy guan and seven shi five dou of rice The Deputy Commissioner received fifty-nine guan three qian three fen and six shi of rice The Commission Assistant received thirty-nine guan three qian three fen and three shi five dou of rice The Registrar received twenty-eight guan and three shi of rice The Secretary-General received twenty-six guan six fen six li and two shi five dou of rice The Record Examiner received twenty-two guan and two shi of rice

30

給事中，俸五十三貫三錢三分三厘，米五石。左右侍儀奉御，俸四十八貫六錢六分六厘，米四石五斗。

The Supervising Secretary received 53 guan three qian three fen three li and five shi of rice The Left and Right Ceremonial Attendants received forty-eight guan six qian six fen six li and four shi five dou of rice

31

武備寺：卿，俸七十貫，米七石五斗。同判，俸五十九貫三錢三分三厘，米六石。少卿，俸四十二貫，米四石五斗。寺丞，俸三十九貫三錢三分三厘，米三石五斗。經歷，俸二十五貫三錢三分三厘，米二石。知事，俸二十四貫，米二石。照磨，俸二十二貫，米二石。

The Director received seventy guan and seven shi five dou of rice The Associate Director received fifty-nine guan three qian three fen three li and six shi of rice The Vice Director received forty-two guan and four shi five dou of rice The Temple Vice Director received thirty-nine guan three qian three fen three li and three shi five dou of rice The Registrar received twenty-five guan three qian three fen three li and two shi of rice The Assistant received twenty-four guan and two shi of rice The Record Examiner received twenty-two guan and two shi of rice

32

太僕寺：卿，俸七十貫，米七石五斗。少卿，俸四十二貫，米四石五斗。寺丞，俸三十九貫三錢三分，米三石五斗。經歷，俸二十五貫三錢三分三厘，米二石。知事，俸二十二貫，米二石。照磨，俸二十貫六錢六分，米一石五斗。光祿、長慶、長新、長秋、承徽、長寧、尚乘、長信等寺並同。

The Director received seventy guan and seven shi five dou of rice The Vice Director received forty-two guan and four shi five dou of rice The Temple Vice Director received thirty-nine guan three qian three fen and three shi five dou of rice The Registrar received twenty-five guan three qian three fen three li and two shi of rice The Assistant received twenty-two guan and two shi of rice The Record Examiner received twenty guan six qian six fen and one shi five dou of rice The Directorates of Imperial Entertainments, Everlasting Celebration, Everlasting Renewal, Everlasting Autumn, Imperial Insignia, Everlasting Peace, Imperial Transport, and Everlasting Trust all followed the same scale.

33

尚舍寺：太監，俸四十八貫六錢六分，米四石。少監，俸三十九貫三錢三分，米三石五斗。監丞，俸三十一貫三錢三分，米二石。知事，俸二十二貫，米二石。

The Chief Intendant received forty-eight guan six qian six fen and four shi of rice The Vice Intendant received thirty-nine guan three qian three fen and three shi five dou of rice The Intendant Assistant received thirty-one guan three qian three fen and two shi of rice The Assistant received twenty-two guan and two shi of rice

34

侍儀司：侍儀使，俸七十貫，米七石五斗。引進使，俸四十八貫六錢六分，米四石五斗。典簿，俸二十五貫三錢三分，米二石。承奉班都知，俸二十六貫六錢六分，米二石五斗。通事舍人，俸二十五貫三錢三分，米二石。侍儀舍人，俸一十七貫三錢三分，米一石五斗。

The Master of Ceremonies received seventy guan and seven shi five dou of rice The Introduction Commissioner received forty-eight guan six qian six fen and four shi five dou of rice The Registry Clerk received twenty-five guan three qian three fen and two shi of rice The Chief of the Presentation Class received twenty-six guan six qian six fen and two shi five dou of rice The Interpreter Attendant received twenty-five guan three qian three fen and two shi of rice The Ceremonial Attendant received seventeen guan three qian three fen and one shi five dou of rice

35

拱衛司：都指揮使，俸七十貫，米七石五斗。副都指揮使，俸五十九貫三錢三分三厘，米六石。僉事，俸四十八貫六錢六分六厘，米四石五斗。經歷，俸二十五貫三錢三分三厘，米二石。知事，俸二十貫六錢六分六厘，米一石五斗。

The Commander-in-chief received seventy guan and seven shi five dou of rice The Deputy Commander-in-chief received fifty-nine guan three qian three fen three li and six shi of rice The Commissioner received forty-eight guan six qian six fen six li and four shi five dou of rice The Registrar received twenty-five guan three qian three fen three li and two shi of rice The Assistant received twenty guan six qian six fen six li and one shi five dou of rice

36

內宰司：內宰，俸七十貫，米七石五斗。司丞，俸四十五貫，米四石五斗。典簿，俸二十五貫三錢三分，米二石。照磨，俸二十貫六錢六分，米一石五斗。翊正司同。

The Inner Steward received seventy guan and seven shi five dou of rice The Commission Assistant received forty-five guan and four shi five dou of rice The Registry Clerk received twenty-five guan three qian three fen and two shi of rice The Record Examiner received twenty guan six qian six fen and one shi five dou of rice The Support-the-Heir Office followed the same scale.

37

延慶司：延慶使，俸一百貫。同知，俸六十三貫三錢三分三厘。副使，俸四十六貫六錢六分六厘。司丞，俸三十四貫六錢六分六厘，米三石。典簿，俸二十五貫三錢三分三厘，米二石。照磨，俸二十貫六錢六分六厘，米一石五斗。

The Everlasting Celebration Commissioner received one hundred guan The Vice Prefect received sixty-three guan three qian three fen three li The Deputy Commissioner received forty-six guan six qian six fen six li The Commission Assistant received thirty-four guan six qian six fen six li and three shi of rice The Registry Clerk received twenty-five guan three qian three fen three li and two shi of rice The Record Examiner received twenty guan six qian six fen six li and one shi five dou of rice

38

內正司：司卿，俸七十貫，米七石五斗。少卿，俸四十七貫，米四石五斗。司丞，俸三十九貫三錢三分三厘，米三石五斗。典簿，俸二十五貫三錢三分三厘，米二石。照磨，俸二十貫六錢六分，米一石五斗。中瑞司同。

The Commission Director received seventy guan and seven shi five dou of rice The Vice Director received forty-seven guan and four shi five dou of rice The Commission Assistant received thirty-nine guan three qian three fen three li and three shi five dou of rice The Registry Clerk received twenty-five guan three qian three fen three li and two shi of rice The Record Examiner received twenty guan six qian six fen and one shi five dou of rice The Central Auspice Office followed the same scale.

39

京畿運司：運使，俸五十六貫，米六石。同知，俸三十九貫三錢三分，米三石五斗。運副，俸三十四貫六錢六分，米三石。運判，俸二十六貫六錢六分，米二石五斗。經歷，俸二十貫六錢六分，米一石五斗。知事，俸一十四貫，米一石五斗。提控案牘，俸一十四貫六錢六分，米一石。

The Transport Commissioner received fifty-six guan and six shi of rice The Vice Prefect received thirty-nine guan three qian three fen and three shi five dou of rice The Deputy Transport Commissioner received thirty-four guan six qian six fen and three shi of rice The Transport Vice Director received twenty-six guan six qian six fen and two shi five dou of rice The Registrar received twenty guan six qian six fen and one shi five dou of rice The Assistant received fourteen guan and one shi five dou of rice The Document Controller received fourteen guan six qian six fen and one shi of rice

40

太府監：卿，俸七十貫，米七石五斗。太監，俸五十九貫三錢三分，米六石。少監，俸四十二貫，米四石五斗。監丞，俸三十九貫三錢三分，米三石五斗。經歷，俸二十五貫三錢三分，米二石。知事，俸二十四貫，米二石。照磨，俸二十二貫，米二石。秘書、章佩、利用、中尚、度支等監並同。

The Director received seventy guan and seven shi five dou of rice The Chief Intendant received fifty-nine guan three qian three fen and six shi of rice The Vice Intendant received forty-two guan and four shi five dou of rice The Intendant Assistant received thirty-nine guan three qian three fen and three shi five dou of rice The Registrar received twenty-five guan three qian three fen and two shi of rice The Assistant received twenty-four guan and two shi of rice The Record Examiner received twenty-two guan and two shi of rice The Secretariat, Insignia, Utilization, Central Palace Service, and Revenue Disbursement Directorates all followed the same scale. the same scale.

41

國子監：祭酒，俸五十九貫三錢三分，米六石。司業，俸三十九貫三錢三分，米三石五斗。監丞，俸三十貫三錢三分，米三石。典簿，俸一十五貫三錢三分，米二石。博士，俸二十六貫六錢六分，米二石五斗；太常博士、回回國子博士同。助教，俸二十二貫，米二石；教授同。學錄，俸一十一貫三錢三分，米五斗。蒙古國子監同。

The Chancellor of the Directorate received fifty-nine guan three qian three fen and six shi of rice The Vice Chancellor received thirty-nine guan three qian three fen and three shi five dou of rice The Intendant Assistant received thirty guan three qian three fen and three shi of rice The Registry Clerk received fifteen guan three qian three fen and two shi of rice The Erudite received twenty-six guan six qian six fen and two shi five dou of rice; The Erudite of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and The Muslim Erudite of the Directorate followed the same scale. The Assistant Instructor received twenty-two guan and two shi of rice; The Professor followed the same scale. The Registrar of Studies received eleven guan three qian three fen and five dou of rice The Mongolian Directorate of Education followed the same scale.

42

經正監：卿，俸七十貫，米七石五斗。太監，俸五十貫，米五石。少監，俸四十二貫，米四石五斗。監丞，俸三十四貫六錢六分六厘，米三石。經歷，俸二十五貫三錢三分三厘，米二石。知事，俸二十二貫，米二石。

The Director received seventy guan and seven shi five dou of rice The Chief Intendant received fifty guan and five shi of rice The Vice Intendant received forty-two guan and four shi five dou of rice The Intendant Assistant received thirty-four guan six qian six fen six li and three shi of rice The Registrar received twenty-five guan three qian three fen three li and two shi of rice The Assistant received twenty-two guan and two shi of rice

43

闌遺監：太監，俸四十八貫六錢六分，米四石。少監，俸三十九貫三錢三分三厘，米三石。監丞，俸三十一貫三錢三分，米三石。知事，俸二十二貫，米二石。提控案牘，俸二十貫六錢六分，米一石五斗。

The Chief Intendant received forty-eight guan six qian six fen and four shi of rice The Vice Intendant received thirty-nine guan three qian three fen three li and three shi of rice The Intendant Assistant received thirty-one guan three qian three fen and three shi of rice The Assistant received twenty-two guan and two shi of rice The Document Controller received twenty guan six qian six fen and one shi five dou of rice

44

司天監：提點，俸五十九貫三錢三分，米六石。司天監，俸五十三貫三錢三分，米五石。監丞，俸三十一貫三錢三分，米三石。知事，俸二十貫六錢六分六厘，米一石五斗。教授，俸一十貫六錢六分，米一石；管勾同。司辰，俸八貫六錢六分，米五斗；學正、押宿並同。回回司天監：少監，俸四十二貫，米四石五斗；余同上。

The Intendant received fifty-nine guan three qian three fen and six shi of rice The Directorate of Astronomy received 53 guan three qian three fen and five shi of rice The Intendant Assistant received thirty-one guan three qian three fen and three shi of rice The Assistant received twenty guan six qian six fen six li and one shi five dou of rice The Professor received ten guan six qian six fen and one shi of rice; The Controller followed the same scale. The Chronologer received eight guan six qian six fen and five dou of rice; The Director of Studies and Overnight Supervisor followed the same scale. The Vice Intendant received forty-two guan and four shi five dou of rice; All remaining posts followed the scales listed above.

45

都水監：都水卿，俸五十三貫，米六石。少監，俸三十九貫三錢三分，米三石五斗。監丞，俸三十貫，米三石。經歷，俸二十五貫三錢三分，米二石。知事，俸二十二貫，米二石。

The Director of Waterways received 53 guan and six shi of rice The Vice Intendant received thirty-nine guan three qian three fen and three shi five dou of rice The Intendant Assistant received thirty guan and three shi of rice The Registrar received twenty-five guan three qian three fen and two shi of rice The Assistant received twenty-two guan and two shi of rice

46

大都路達魯花赤，俸一百三十貫；總管同。副達魯花赤，一百二十貫。同知八十貫；治中同。判官，五十五貫。推官，五十貫。經歷，四十貫。知事，三十貫。提控案牘，二十五貫；照磨同。並中統鈔。

The Dadu Circuit Darughachi received 130 guan; The General Administrator followed the same scale. The Deputy Darughachi received 120 guan The Vice Commissioner received 80 guan; The Administrative Aide followed the same scale. The Vice Director received 55 guan The Investigating Censor received fifty guan The Registrar received forty guan The Assistant received thirty guan The Document Controller received twenty-five guan; The Record Examiner followed the same scale. All were paid in Zhongtong paper notes.

47

行省：左丞相，俸二百貫。平章政事，一百六十六貫六錢六分六厘；右丞、左丞同。參知政事，一百三十三貫三錢三分三厘。郎中，四十六貫六錢六分六厘。員外郎，三十貫。都事，二十六貫六錢六分六厘；檢校同。管勾，二十三貫三錢三分三厘。理問所：理問，俸四十六貫六錢六分六厘。副理問，俸三十貫。知事，俸一十六貫六錢六分六厘；提控案牘同。

The Left Chancellor received two hundred guan The Grand Councillor received one hundred sixty-six guan six qian six fen six li; The Right and Left Vice Chancellors followed the same scale. The Vice Grand Councillor received one hundred thirty-three guan three qian three fen three li The Director received forty-six guan six qian six fen six li The Vice Director received thirty guan The Secretary-General received twenty-six guan six qian six fen six li; The Inspector followed the same scale. The Controller received twenty-three guan three qian three fen three li The Chief Inquiry Officer received forty-six guan six qian six fen six li The Deputy Inquiry Officer received thirty guan The Assistant received sixteen guan six qian six fen six li; The Document Controller followed the same scale.

48

宣慰司：腹裏宣慰使，俸中統鈔五百八十貫三錢三分。同知，五百貫。副使，四百一十六貫六錢六分。經歷，四百貫。都事，一百八十三貫三錢三分。照磨，一百五十貫。行省宣慰使，俸至元鈔八十七貫五錢。同知，四十九貫。副使，四十二貫。經歷，二十八貫。都事，二十四貫。照磨，一十七貫五錢。

The Metropolitan Pacification Commissioner received five hundred eighty guan three qian three fen of Zhongtong paper money The Vice Prefect received five hundred guan The Deputy Commissioner received four hundred sixteen guan six qian six fen The Registrar received 400 guan The Secretary-General received one hundred eighty-three guan three qian three fen The Record Examiner received 150 guan The Provincial Pacification Commissioner received 87 guan five qian The Vice Prefect received forty-nine guan The Deputy Commissioner received forty-two guan The Registrar received twenty-eight guan The Secretary-General received twenty-four guan The Record Examiner received seventeen guan five qian

49

廉訪司：廉訪使，俸中統鈔八十貫。副使，四十五貫。僉事，三十貫。經歷，二十貫。知事，一十五貫。照磨，一十二貫。

The Surveillance Commissioner received 80 guan of Zhongtong paper money The Deputy Commissioner received forty-five guan The Associate Commissioner received thirty guan The Registrar received twenty guan The Assistant received fifteen guan The Record Examiner received twelve guan

50

鹽運司：腹裏運使，俸一百二十貫。同知，五十貫。副使，三十五貫。判官，三十貫。經歷，二十貫。知事，一十五貫。照磨，一十三貫。行省運使，八十貫。同知，五十貫。運副，四十貫。判官，三十貫。經歷，二十五貫。知事，一十七貫。提控案牘，一十五貫。

The Metropolitan Transport Commissioner received 120 guan The Vice Prefect received fifty guan The Deputy Commissioner received thirty-five guan The Vice Director received thirty guan The Registrar received twenty guan The Assistant received fifteen guan The Record Examiner received thirteen guan The Provincial Transport Commissioner received 80 guan The Vice Prefect received fifty guan The Deputy Transport Commissioner received forty guan The Vice Director received thirty guan The Registrar received twenty-five guan The Assistant received seventeen guan The Document Controller received fifteen guan

51

上路達魯花赤，俸八十貫；總管同。同知，四十貫。治中，三十貫。判官，二十貫。推官，一十九貫。經歷，一十七貫。知事，一十二貫。提控案牘，一十貫。下路達魯花赤，俸七十貫；總管同。同知，三十五貫。判官，二十貫。推官，一十九貫。經歷，一十七貫。知事，一十二貫。提控案牘，一十貫。

The Superior Route Darughachi received 80 guan; The General Administrator followed the same scale. The Vice Prefect received forty guan The Administrative Aide received thirty guan The Vice Director received twenty guan The Investigating Censor received nineteen guan The Registrar received seventeen guan The Assistant received twelve guan The Document Controller received ten guan The Inferior Route Darughachi received seventy guan; The General Administrator followed the same scale. The Vice Prefect received thirty-five guan The Vice Director received twenty guan The Investigating Censor received nineteen guan The Registrar received seventeen guan The Assistant received twelve guan The Document Controller received ten guan

52

散府達魯花赤，俸六十貫；知府同。同知，三十貫。判官，一十八貫；推官同。知事，一十二貫。提控案牘，一十貫。

The Dispersed Prefecture Darughachi received sixty guan; The Prefect followed the same scale. The Vice Prefect received thirty guan The Vice Director received eighteen guan; The Investigating Censor followed the same scale. The Assistant received twelve guan The Document Controller received ten guan

53

上州達魯花赤，俸五十貫；州尹同。同知，二十五貫。判官，一十八貫。知事，一十二貫。提控案牘，一十貫。中州達魯花赤，俸四十貫；知州同。同知，二十貫。判官，一十五貫。提控案牘，一十貫。都目，八貫。下州達魯花赤，俸三十貫；知州同。同知，一十八貫。判官，一十三貫。吏目，四十貫。

The Superior Prefecture Darughachi received fifty guan; The Prefect followed the same scale. The Vice Prefect received twenty-five guan The Vice Director received eighteen guan The Assistant received twelve guan The Document Controller received ten guan The Middle Prefecture Darughachi received forty guan; The Prefect followed the same scale. The Vice Prefect received twenty guan The Vice Director received fifteen guan The Document Controller received ten guan The Company Commander received eight guan The Inferior Prefecture Darughachi received thirty guan; The Prefect followed the same scale. The Vice Prefect received eighteen guan The Vice Director received thirteen guan The Clerk Commander received forty guan

54

上縣達魯花赤，俸二十貫；縣尹同。縣丞，一十五貫。主簿，一十三貫。縣尉，一十二貫。典史，三十五貫。巡檢，一十貫。中縣達魯花赤，俸一十八貫；縣尹同。主簿，一十三貫。縣尉，一十二貫。典史，三十五貫。下縣達魯花赤，俸一十七貫；縣尹同。主簿，一十二貫；縣尉同。典史，三十五貫。

The Superior District Darughachi received twenty guan; The District Magistrate followed the same scale. The Assistant Magistrate received fifteen guan The Chief Clerk received thirteen guan The District Marshal received twelve guan The Archive Clerk received thirty-five guan The Patrol Inspector received ten guan The Middle District Darughachi received eighteen guan; The District Magistrate followed the same scale. The Chief Clerk received thirteen guan The District Marshal received twelve guan The Archive Clerk received thirty-five guan The Inferior District Darughachi received seventeen guan; The District Magistrate followed the same scale. The Chief Clerk received twelve guan; The District Marshal followed the same scale. The Archive Clerk received thirty-five guan.

55

諸署、諸局、諸庫等官及掾吏之屬，其目甚多，不可勝書。然其俸數之多寡，亦皆以品級之高下為則。觀者可以類推，故略而不錄。職田數：

The posts in the various agencies, bureaus, storehouses, and among clerical staff were too numerous to list in full. Their pay nonetheless followed the same principle: the higher the rank, the larger the salary. Readers may infer the pattern by analogy, so those entries are omitted here. Official land allotments:

56

至元三年，定隨路府州縣官員職田：上路達魯花赤一十六頃，總管同，同知八頃，治中六頃，府判五頃。下路達魯花赤一十四頃，總管同，同知七頃，府判五頃。散府達魯花赤一十二頃，知府同，同知六頃，府判四頃。上州達魯花赤一十頃，州尹同，同知五頃，州判四頃。中州達魯花赤八頃，知州同，同知四頃，州判三頃。下州達魯花赤六頃，知州同，州判三頃。警巡院達魯花赤五頃，警使同，警副四頃，警判三頃。錄事司達魯花赤三頃，錄事同，錄判二頃。縣達魯花赤四頃，縣尹同，縣丞三頃，主簿二頃，縣尉、主簿兼尉並同，經歷四頃。

In Zhiyuan 3 official land for local officials was set as follows: on a superior route, the Darughachi received sixteen qing, the General Administrator the same, the Vice Administrator eight qing, the Administrative Aide six qing, and the Prefecture Vice Director five qing. On an inferior route, the Darughachi received fourteen qing, the General Administrator the same, the Vice Administrator seven qing, and the Prefecture Vice Director five qing. In a dispersed prefecture, the Darughachi received twelve qing, the Prefect the same, the Vice Prefect six qing, and the Prefecture Vice Director four qing. In a superior prefecture, the Darughachi received ten qing, the Prefect the same, the Vice Prefect five qing, and the Prefecture Vice Director four qing. In a middle prefecture, the Darughachi received eight qing, the Prefect the same, the Vice Prefect four qing, and the Prefecture Vice Director three qing. In an inferior prefecture, the Darughachi received six qing, the Prefect the same, and the Prefecture Vice Director three qing. At a police patrol office, the Darughachi received five qing, the Police Commissioner the same, the Police Vice Commissioner four qing, and the Police Vice Director three qing. At a registry office, the Darughachi received three qing, the Registrar the same, and the Registry Vice Director two qing. In a district, the Darughachi received four qing, the District Magistrate the same, the Assistant Magistrate three qing, the Chief Clerk two qing, the District Marshal (and a Chief Clerk doubling as Marshal) the same as the Chief Clerk, and the Registrar four qing.

57

至元十四年，定按察司職田：各道按察使一十六頃，副使八頃，僉事六頃。

In Zhiyuan 14 official land for the surveillance commissions was set: each circuit commissioner received sixteen qing, vice commissioners eight qing, and associate commissioners six qing.

58

至元二十一年，定江南行省及諸司職田比腹裏減半。上路達魯花赤八頃，總管同，同知四頃，治中三頃，府判二頃五十畝。下路達魯花赤七頃，總管同，同知三頃五十畝，府判二頃五十畝，經歷二頃，知事一頃，提控案牘同。散府達魯花赤六頃，知府同，同知三頃，府判二頃，提控案牘一頃。上州達魯花赤五頃，知州同，同知二頃，州判同，提控案牘一頃。中州達魯花赤四頃，知州同。同知二頃，州判一頃五十畝，都目五十畝。下州達魯花赤三頃，知州同，同知二頃，州判一頃五十畝。上縣達魯花赤二頃，縣尹同，縣丞一頃五十畝，主簿一頃，縣尉同。中縣同上。〈（無縣丞）〉。下縣達魯花赤一頃五十畝，縣尹同，主簿兼尉一頃。錄事司達魯花赤一頃五十畝，錄事同，錄判一頃。司獄一頃，巡檢同。

In Zhiyuan 21 the Jiangnan Branch Secretariat and other agencies received official land grants half the size of those in the metropolitan provinces. On a superior route in Jiangnan, the Darughachi received eight qing, the General Administrator the same, the Vice Administrator four qing, the Administrative Aide three qing, and the Prefecture Vice Director two qing and fifty mu. On an inferior route, the Darughachi received seven qing, the General Administrator the same, the Vice Administrator three qing and fifty mu, the Prefecture Vice Director two qing and fifty mu, the Registrar two qing, the Secretariat Clerk one qing, and the Documents Controller the same amount. In a dispersed prefecture, the Darughachi received six qing, the Prefect the same, the Vice Prefect three qing, the Prefecture Vice Director two qing, and the Documents Controller one qing. In a superior prefecture, the Darughachi received five qing, the Prefect the same, the Vice Prefect two qing, the Prefecture Vice Director the same amount, and the Documents Controller one qing. In a middle prefecture, the Darughachi received four qing and the Prefect the same amount. The Vice Prefect received two qing, the Prefecture Vice Director one qing and fifty mu, and the Chief Clerk fifty mu. In an inferior prefecture, the Darughachi received three qing, the Prefect the same, the Vice Prefect two qing, and the Prefecture Vice Director one qing and fifty mu. In a superior district, the Darughachi received two qing, the District Magistrate the same, the Assistant Magistrate one qing and fifty mu, the Chief Clerk one qing, and the District Marshal the same as the Chief Clerk. A middle district followed the same allotments as a superior district. (no Assistant Magistrate) In an inferior district, the Darughachi received one qing and fifty mu, the District Magistrate the same, and the Chief Clerk (who also served as District Marshal) one qing. At a registry office, the Darughachi received one qing and fifty mu, the Registrar the same, and the Registry Vice Director one qing. The Prison Intendant received one qing and the Patrol Inspector the same amount.

59

按察司使八頃，副使四頃，僉事三頃，經歷二頃，知事一頃。運司官：運使八頃，同知四頃，運副三頃，運判同，經歷二頃，知事二頃，提控案牘同。鹽司官：鹽使二頃，鹽副二頃，鹽判一頃，各場正、同、管勾各一頃。

The Surveillance Commissioner received eight qing, the Vice Commissioner four qing, the Associate Commissioner three qing, the Registrar two qing, and the Secretariat Clerk one qing. For transport offices, the Transport Commissioner received eight qing, the Vice Commissioner four qing, the Transport Vice Commissioner three qing, the Transport Vice Director the same amount, the Registrar two qing, the Secretariat Clerk two qing, and the Documents Controller the same as the clerk. For salt offices, the Salt Commissioner and Salt Vice Commissioner each received two qing, the Salt Vice Director one qing, and each field director, vice director, and superintendent one qing.

60

常平義倉

Ever-Normal and Charity Granaries

61

常平起於漢之耿壽昌，義倉起於唐之戴胄，皆救荒之良法也。元立義倉於鄉社，又置常平於路府，使饑不損民，豐不傷農，粟直不低昂，而民無菜色，可謂善法漢、唐者矣。

Ever-normal granaries trace back to Geng Shouchang in the Han, and charity granaries to Dai Zhou in the Tang; both were sound policies for warding off famine. The Yuan placed charity granaries in rural communities and ever-normal granaries in circuits and prefectures, aiming to spare the people in lean years and the farmers in fat years, keep grain prices steady, and prevent hunger—an admirable revival of Han and Tang wisdom.

62

今考其制，常平倉世祖至元六年始立。其法：豐年米賤，官為增價糴之；歉年米貴，官為減價糶之。於是八年以和糴糧及諸河倉所撥糧貯焉。二十三年定鐵法，又以鐵課糴糧充焉。義倉亦至元六年始立。其法：社置一倉，以社長主之，豐年每親丁納粟五斗，驅丁二斗，無粟聽納雜色，歉年就給社民。於是二十一年新城縣水，二十九年東平等處饑，皆發義倉賑之。皇慶二年，復申其令。然行之既久，名存而實廢，豈非有司之過與？

As for the institutions themselves, the ever-normal granary was first founded in Kublai’s sixth Zhiyuan year. The rule was simple: in bumper years, when rice was cheap, officials bought it at an increased price. In lean years, when rice was dear, they sold from the granary at a reduced price. In the eighth year, grain from equitable-purchase programs and transfers from river granaries were deposited in these stores. In the twenty-third year, after the iron tax was regularized, grain bought with iron-tax receipts was added as well. Charity granaries likewise began in Zhiyuan 6. Each community maintained one granary under its chief; in good years every adult male contributed five dou and every dependent male two dou (or other goods in lieu of grain), and in famine years the stock was distributed among members. In practice, when Xincheng County flooded in year 21 and Dongping and elsewhere went hungry in year 29, charity granaries were opened to relieve the people. In Huangqing 2 the regulations were proclaimed again. Yet in time the institutions survived in name only while their substance withered—surely a failure of those charged with enforcing them.

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惠民藥局

Benefit-the-People Pharmacies

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《周官》有醫師，掌醫之政令，凡邦有疾病疕瘍者造焉，則使醫分而治之，此民所以無夭折之患也。元立惠民藥局，官給鈔本，月營子錢，以備藥物，仍擇良醫主之，以療貧民，其深得《周官》設醫師之美意者與。

The Rites of Zhou describe royal physicians who governed medical policy: anyone in the realm afflicted with illness or sores was sent to them and treated by assigned specialists, sparing the people untimely death. The Yuan founded Benefit-the-People Pharmacies, advancing paper-note capital whose monthly interest funded medicines, with skilled doctors appointed to treat the poor—a thoughtful echo of the Zhou royal physicians.

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初，太宗九年，如於燕京等十路置局，以奉御田闊闊、太醫王璧、齊楫等為局官，給銀五百錠為規運之本。世祖中統二年，又命王祐開局。四年，復置局於上都，每中統鈔一百兩，收息錢一兩五錢。至元二十五年，以陷失官本，悉罷革之。至成宗大德三年，又準舊例，於各路置焉。凡局皆以各路正官提調，所設良醫，上路二名，下路府州各一名，其所給鈔本，亦驗民戶多寡以為等差。今並著於後：

Initially, in Ögedei’s ninth year, pharmacies were opened in ten circuits including Yanjing; the eunuch Tian Kuoku, Imperial Physician Wang Bi, and Qi Ji were appointed directors, with five hundred silver ingots as seed capital. In Kublai’s second Zhongtong year, Wang You was again ordered to establish a pharmacy. In the fourth year pharmacies were restored at Shangdu, collecting one liang five qian of interest per hundred liang of Zhongtong notes invested. In Zhiyuan 25, after state capital was lost, the pharmacies were shut down entirely. Under Chengzong, in Dade 3 the former practice was restored and pharmacies were set up again in every circuit. Each pharmacy fell under the circuit’s senior civil officer; skilled doctors were assigned—two on superior routes, one on inferior routes and at prefectures and districts—and note capital was scaled to local household counts. The allocations are listed below:

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腹裏，三千七百八十錠。河南行省，二百七十錠。湖廣行省，一千一百五十錠。遼陽行省，二百四十錠。

The metropolitan provinces: 3,780 ingots. The Henan Branch Secretariat received 270 ingots of note capital. The Huguang Branch Secretariat received 1,150 ingots. The Liaoyang Branch Secretariat received 240 ingots.

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四川行省，二百四十錠。陜西行省，二百四十錠。江西行省，三百錠。江浙行省，二千六百一十五錠。

The Sichuan Branch Secretariat received 240 ingots. The Shaanxi Branch Secretariat received 240 ingots. The Jiangxi Branch Secretariat received 300 ingots. The Jiangzhe Branch Secretariat received 2,615 ingots.

68

雲南行省，真<貝八>一萬一千五百索。甘肅行省，一百錠。市糴

Yunnan Branch Secretariat: 11,500 suo in cowrie-shell (suo) currency as operating capital. The Gansu Branch Secretariat received 100 ingots. Government Grain Purchases

69

和糴自唐始，所以備邊庭軍需也，其弊至於害民者，蓋有之矣。元和糴之名有二，曰市糴糧，曰鹽折草，率皆增其直而市於民。於是邊庭之兵不乏食，京師之馬不乏芻，而民亦用以不困，其為法不亦善乎！

Equitable purchase (hedi) began in the Tang to provision frontier armies, though at times its abuses truly injured the populace. The Yuan knew two kinds of state buying: market-purchase grain and salt-for-fodder exchange, both typically at premium prices paid to civilians. Frontier armies stayed fed, capital stables stayed stocked with hay, and the people were not unduly burdened—a policy with much to commend it.

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市糴糧之法，世祖中統二年，始以鈔一千二百錠，於上都、北京、西京等處糴三萬石。四年，以解鹽引一萬五千道，和中陜西軍儲。是年三月，又命紥馬剌丁糴糧，仍敕軍民官毋沮。五年，諭北京、西京等路市糴軍糧。至元三年，以南京等處和糴四十萬石。四年，命沔州等處中納官糧，續還其直。八年，驗各路糧粟價直，增十分之一，和糴三十九萬四千六百六十石。十六年，以兩淮鹽引五萬道，募客旅中糧。十九年，以鈔三萬錠，市糴於隆興等處。二十年，以鈔五千錠市於北京，六萬錠市於上都，二千錠市於應昌。二十一年，以河間、山東、兩浙、兩淮鹽引，募諸人中糧。是年四月，以鈔四千錠，於應昌市糴。九月，發鹽引七萬道、鈔三萬錠，於上都和糴。二十二年，以鈔五萬錠，令木八剌沙和糴於上都。是年二月，詔江南民田秋成，官為定例收糴，次年減價出糶。二十三年，發鈔五千錠，市糴沙、凈、隆興軍糧。二十四年，官發鹽引，聽民中糧。是年十二月，以揚州、杭州鹽引五十萬道，兌換民糧。二十七年，和糴西京糧，其價每一十兩之上增一兩。延祐三年，中糴和林糧二十三萬石。五年、六年，又各和中二十萬石。

Market-purchase grain began in Kublai’s second Zhongtong year, when 1,200 ingots bought 30,000 shi at Shangdu, Beijing, Xijing, and elsewhere. In the fourth year, 15,000 Jie salt certificates procured grain for Shaanxi army depots through equitable purchase. That March, Jamal al-Din was again tasked with grain purchases, and officials were forbidden to interfere. In the fifth year, Beijing, Xijing, and other routes were told to buy army grain on the market. In Zhiyuan 3, 400,000 shi were bought by equitable purchase in Nanjing and elsewhere. In the fourth year, Mianzhou and other districts advanced official grain to the state, to be paid for afterward. In the eighth year, local grain prices were checked, a ten-percent premium was added, and 394,660 shi were purchased. In the sixteenth year, 50,000 Liang-Huai salt certificates enlisted traveling merchants to supply grain on credit. In the nineteenth year, 30,000 ingots bought grain at market prices in Longxing and elsewhere. In the twentieth year, purchases ran to 5,000 ingots at Beijing, 60,000 at Shangdu, and 2,000 at Yingchang. In the twenty-first year, salt certificates from Hejian, Shandong, Liang-Zhe, and Liang-Huai drew merchants and locals to advance grain. That April, 4,000 ingots bought grain at Yingchang. In September, 70,000 salt certificates and 30,000 ingots funded equitable purchase at Shangdu. In the twenty-second year, 50,000 ingots empowered Mubalasha to buy grain equitably at Shangdu. That February, the court decreed that after the Jiangnan autumn harvest officials would buy peasant grain at set rates and release it at lower prices the next year. In the twenty-third year, 5,000 ingots bought army grain for Sha, Jing, and Longxing. In the twenty-fourth year, salt certificates were issued so civilians could advance grain to the state. That December, 500,000 Yangzhou and Hangzhou salt certificates were redeemed for grain supplied by the people. In the twenty-seventh year, Xijing grain was bought equitably with a one-liang premium added to every ten liang of price. In Yanyou 3, merchants advanced 230,000 shi of grain for the Karakorum (Helin) stores. In the fifth and sixth years, another 200,000 shi were advanced annually.

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鹽折草之法，成宗大德八年，定其則例。每年以河間鹽，令有司於五月預給京畿郡縣之民，至秋成，各驗鹽數輸草，以給京師秣馬之用。每鹽二斤，折草一束，重一十斤。歲用草八百萬束，折鹽四萬引云。

Salt-for-fodder exchange was codified in Chengzong’s eighth Dade year. Every year Hejian salt was prepaid in the fifth month to households around the capital; after the autumn harvest they delivered fodder in proportion to the salt received, feeding the capital’s horses. Two jin of salt bought one ten-jin bundle of fodder grass. Eight million bundles of fodder were needed yearly, equal to 40,000 salt certificates—or so the accounts state.

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救荒之政，莫大於賑恤。元賑恤之名有二：曰蠲免者，免其差稅，即《周官·大司徒》所謂薄征者也；曰賑貸者，給以米粟，即《周官·大司徒》所謂散利者也。然蠲免有以恩免者，有以災免者。賑貸有以鰥寡孤獨而賑者，有以水旱疫癘而賑者，有以京師人物繁湊而每歲賑糶者。若夫納粟補官之令，亦救荒之一策也。其為制各不同，今並著於後，以見其仁厚愛民之意云。

Of all policies for relieving famine, none matters more than direct relief and care. Yuan relief took two main forms: remission and exemption of levies and taxes—the “light taxation” described in the Zhou Grand Minister of Education; and relief loans of grain—the “dispersing benefits” likewise attributed to that Zhou minister. Remissions themselves divided into benevolent amnesties and disaster waivers. Loans reached widowers and orphans, flood and plague victims, and—because the capital was so crowded—annual relief grain sales as well. The policy allowing grain donations in exchange for office was another famine measure. The rules varied by case; they are set out below to show how generously the dynasty treated its subjects.

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恩免之制：世祖中統元年，量減絲料、包銀分數。二年，免西京、北京、燕京差發。是年二月，以真定、大名、河南、陜西、東平、益都、平陽等路，兵興之際，勞於轉輸，其差發減輕科取。三年，北京等路以兵興供給繁重，免本歲絲料、包銀。是年閏九月，以濟南路遭李鋋之亂，軍民皆饑，盡除差發。四年，以西涼民戶值渾都海、阿藍<角┦>兒之亂，人民流散，免差稅三年。至元元年，詔減明年包銀十分之三，全無業者十之七。是年四月，逃戶復業者，免差稅三年。三年，減中都包銀四分之一。十二年，蠲免包銀、絲線、俸鈔。是年八月，免河南路包銀三分之二，其餘路府亦免十之五。十九年，免諸路民戶明年包銀、俸鈔，及逃移戶差稅。二十年，免大都、平灤民戶絲線、俸鈔。二十二年，除民間包銀三年，不使帶納俸鈔，盡免大都軍民地稅。二十四年，免東京軍民絲線、包銀、俸鈔。是年九月，除北京馬五百匹。二十五年，免遼陽、武平等處差發。二十七年，減河間、保定、平灤三路絲線之半，大都全免。二十八年，詔免腹裏諸路包銀、俸鈔；其大都、上都、隆興、平灤、大同、太原、河間、保定、武平、遼陽十路絲線並除之。二十九年，免上都、隆興、平灤、保定、河間五路包銀、俸鈔。三十年，免大都差稅。三十一年，成宗即位，詔免天下差稅有差。是年六月，免腹裏軍、站、匠、船、鹽、鐵等戶稅糧，及江南夏稅之半。元貞元年，除大都民戶絲線、包銀、稅糧。大德元年，以改元免大都、上都、隆興民戶差稅三年。三年，詔免腹裏包銀、俸鈔，及江南夏稅十分之三。四年，詔免上都、大都、隆興明年絲銀稅糧，其數亦如之，江南租稅減十分之一。九年，又下寬免之令，以恤大都、上都、隆興、腹裏、江淮之民。十年，逃移民戶復業者，免差稅三年。十一年，武宗即位，詔免內外郡縣差稅有差。至大二年，上尊號，詔免腹裏、江淮差稅。三年，又免大都、上都、中都秋稅，及民間差稅之負欠者。四年，免腹裏包銀及江南夏稅十分之三。是年四月，免大都、上都、中都差稅三年。延祐元年，以改元免大都、上都差稅二年，其餘被災經賑者免一年，流民復業者免差稅三年。二年，免各路差稅、絲料。七年，免腹裏絲綿十分之五，外郡十分之三，江淮夏稅所免之數，與外郡絲綿同，民間逋欠差稅並除之。是年，免丁地稅糧、包銀、絲料各有差。至治二年，寬恤軍民站戶。三年，免臨清萬戶府軍民船戶差稅三年，福建蜑戶差稅一年。泰定三年，罷江淮以南包銀。天歷元年，免諸路差稅、絲料有差，及海北鹽課三年。二年，免達達軍站之貧乏者及各路差稅有差。是年十月，免人民逋欠官錢，及奉元商稅，各處竈戶雜役。至順元年，以改元免諸路差稅有差，減方物之貢，免河南府、懷慶路門攤、海北鹽課，存恤紅城兒屯田軍三年。

Grace remissions began in Kublai’s first Zhongtong year, when silk and baoyin quotas were scaled back. In the second year, Xijing, Beijing, and Yanjing were freed from corvée levies. That February, Zhending, Daming, Henan, Shaanxi, Dongping, Yidu, Pingyang, and other routes, exhausted by wartime transport, had their corvée levies lightened. In the third year, Beijing and similar routes, strained by wartime provisioning, were excused from that year’s silk and baoyin. In the intercalary ninth month, Jinan—ravaged by Li Tan’s revolt and famine—was cleared of every corvée levy. In the fourth year, Xiliang families uprooted by Hunduha and Alandar’s revolts received a three-year tax holiday. In Zhiyuan 1, the court cut the coming year’s baoyin by thirty percent—or seventy percent for households without livelihood. That April, refugees who resumed farming enjoyed three years without levies or taxes. In the third year, baoyin at the Central Capital was cut by a quarter. In the twelfth year, baoyin, silk thread, and salary notes were waived. That August, Henan’s baoyin was cut by two-thirds and other routes and prefectures by half. In the nineteenth year, every circuit was spared next year’s baoyin and salary notes, along with taxes on runaway households. In the twentieth year, Dadu and Pingluan households were freed from silk thread and salary notes. In the twenty-second year, the court abolished the household silver levy for three years, stopped bundling salary-note payments with it, and fully waived land taxes for troops and civilians in Dadu. In the twenty-fourth year, troops and civilians at the Eastern Capital were freed from silk thread, baoyin, and salary notes. That September, the levy of five hundred horses from Beijing was waived. In the twenty-fifth year, corvée assignments in Liaoyang, Wuping, and elsewhere were cancelled. In the twenty-seventh year, silk thread levies in Hejian, Baoding, and Pingluan were cut by half, while Dadu was exempted entirely. In the twenty-eighth year, an edict waived baoyin and salary notes throughout the metropolitan region; Silk thread in the ten circuits of Dadu, Shangdu, Longxing, Pingluan, Datong, Taiyuan, Hejian, Baoding, Wuping, and Liaoyang was abolished as well. In the twenty-ninth year, baoyin and salary notes were waived in Shangdu, Longxing, Pingluan, Baoding, and Hejian. In the thirtieth year, corvée taxes in Dadu were remitted. In the thirty-first year, upon Chengzong’s accession, the court ordered corvée taxes remitted empire-wide, each region according to its circumstances. That June, grain taxes for military, postal, artisan, shipping, salt, and iron households in the metropolitan region were waived, along with half the Jiangnan summer tax. In Yuanzhen 1, Dadu civilians were freed from silk thread, baoyin, and grain taxes. In Dade 1, the new reign brought a three-year waiver of corvée taxes for civilians in Dadu, Shangdu, and Longxing. In the third year, an edict waived baoyin and salary notes in the metropolitan region and cut the Jiangnan summer tax by thirty percent. In the fourth year, Shangdu, Dadu, and Longxing were promised the same relief on next year’s silk, silver, and grain levies, while Jiangnan rents and taxes fell by ten percent. In the ninth year, the court again issued broad remissions to ease the burden on Dadu, Shangdu, Longxing, the metropolitan region, and the Jiang-Huai provinces. In the tenth year, refugees who resumed farming enjoyed three years without corvée taxes. In the eleventh year, upon Wuzong’s accession, corvée taxes were remitted at differing rates across inner and outer prefectures and counties. In Zhide 2, when the emperor received a honorific title, corvée taxes in the metropolitan region and Jiang-Huai were waived. In the third year, autumn taxes in Dadu, Shangdu, and Zhongdu were waived again, along with unpaid corvée arrears. In the fourth year, baoyin in the metropolitan region and thirty percent of the Jiangnan summer tax were remitted. That April, Dadu, Shangdu, and Zhongdu received a three-year corvée tax holiday. In Yanyou 1, the new reign brought two years’ relief in Dadu and Shangdu, one year for disaster-hit and relief districts, and three years for vagrants who resumed settlement. In the second year, corvée taxes and silk levies were waived on every circuit. In the seventh year, silk floss levies in the metropolitan region were cut by half and in outer prefectures by thirty percent; Jiang-Huai summer tax relief matched the outer silk rate, and all unpaid corvée debts were cancelled. That year, ding land grain taxes, baoyin, and silk levies were waived to differing extents. In Zhizhi 2, the court extended relief to military and civilian postal households. In the third year, Linqing Wanhu military, civilian, and shipping households received three years’ corvée relief, and Fujian boat-dwellers one year. In Taiding 3, the household silver levy south of the Jiang-Huai was abolished. In Tianli 1, corvée taxes and silk levies were waived circuit by circuit, and the Haibei salt levy for three years. In the second year, poor Mongol postal troops and corvée taxes on every circuit were relieved to differing extents. That October, the court cancelled private arrears to the state, Fengyuan commercial taxes, and miscellaneous corvée for saltern households. In Zhishun 1, the new reign brought graded corvée relief, reduced local tribute, waived stall levies in Henan and Huaiqing and Haibei salt taxes, and three years’ support for Hongcheng’er garrison troops.

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災免之制：世祖中統元年，以各處被災，驗實減免科差。三年，以蠻寇攻掠，免三叉沽竈戶一百六十五戶其年絲料、包銀。四年，以秋旱霜災，減大名等路稅糧。至元三年，以東平等處蠶災，減其絲料。五年，以益都等路禾損，蠲其差稅。六年，以濟南、益都、懷孟、德州、淄萊、博州、曹州、真定、順德、河間、濟州、東平、恩州、南京等處桑蠶災傷，量免絲料。七年，南京、河南蝗旱，減差徭十分之六。十九年，減京師民戶科差之半。二十年，以水旱相仍，免江南稅糧十分之二。二十四年，免北京饑民差稅。是年，揚州及浙西水，其地稅在揚州者全免，浙西減二分。二十五年，南安等處被寇兵者，稅糧免征。二十六年，紹興路水，免地稅十之三。是年六月，以禾稼不收，免遼陽差稅。二十七年，大都、遼陽被災，免其包銀、俸鈔。是年六月，以霖雨免河間等路絲料之半。十月，以興、松二州霜，免其地稅。二十八年，遼陽被災者，稅糧皆免征，其餘量征其半。是年五月，以太原去歲不登，杭州被水，其太原丁地稅糧、杭州地稅並除之。九月，又免州路所負歲糧。二十九年，以北京地震，量減歲課。是年，以大都去歲不登，流移者眾，免其稅糧及包銀、俸鈔。元貞元年，以供給繁重及水傷禾稼，免咸平府邊民差稅。大德三年，以旱蝗，除揚州、淮安兩路稅糧。五年，各路被災重者，其差稅並除之。六年，免大都、平灤差稅。七年，以內郡饑，荊湖、川蜀供給軍餉，其差稅減免各有差。八年，以平陽、太原地震，免差稅三年。至大元年，以江南、江北水旱民饑，其科差、夏稅並免之。二年，以腹裏、江淮被災，其科差、夏稅亦並免之。皇慶二年，免益都饑民貸糧。延祐二年，河南、歸德、南陽、徐、邳、陳、蔡、許州、荊門、襄陽等處水，三年，肅州等處連歲被災，皆免其民戶稅糧。天歷元年，陜西霜旱，免其科差一年；鹽官州海潮，免其秋糧夏稅。是年十二月，詔經寇盜剽掠州縣，免差稅一年。二年，以關陜旱，免差稅三年。至順元年，以河南、懷慶旱，其門攤課程及逋欠差稅皆免征。

Disaster remissions: In Shizu’s first Zhongtong year, stricken districts had their corvée levies cut after on-site verification. In the third year, barbarian raids won a full waiver of that year’s silk and baoyin for 165 saltern households at Sanchagou. In the fourth year, autumn drought and frost damage brought reductions in grain taxes across Daming and neighboring circuits. In Zhiyuan 3, silkworm disasters in Dongping and elsewhere prompted cuts in silk levies. In the fifth year, crop losses in Yidu and other circuits earned full corvée remissions. In the sixth year, mulberry and silkworm damage across Jinan, Yidu, Huaimeng, and a dozen other prefectures brought proportional silk levy relief. In the seventh year, locusts and drought in Nanjing and Henan cut corvée and labor levies by sixty percent. In the nineteenth year, corvée levies on capital households were halved. In the twentieth year, successive floods and droughts brought a twenty-percent cut in Jiangnan grain taxes. In the twenty-fourth year, corvée taxes for famine victims in Beijing were waived. That year’s floods hit Yangzhou and western Zhejiang: Yangzhou land taxes were cancelled entirely, western Zhejiang’s cut by twenty percent. In the twenty-fifth year, districts ravaged by bandit armies such as Nan’an owed no grain taxes. In the twenty-sixth year, flooding in Shaoxing circuit brought a thirty-percent land tax remission. That June, failed harvests won a corvée tax holiday for Liaoyang. In the twenty-seventh year, disaster-hit Dadu and Liaoyang were freed from baoyin and salary notes. That June, prolonged rains halved silk levies in Hejian and neighboring circuits. In the tenth month, frost damage in Xing and Song prefectures brought full land tax remissions. In the twenty-eighth year, disaster districts in Liaoyang owed no grain taxes; elsewhere collections were cut to half as assessed. That May, last year’s crop failure in Taiyuan and flooding in Hangzhou won abolition of Taiyuan ding land taxes and Hangzhou land taxes. In September, annual grain arrears owed by prefectures and circuits were cancelled as well. In the twenty-ninth year, Beijing’s earthquake prompted proportional cuts in annual levies. That year, Dadu’s poor harvest and mass displacement brought remission of grain taxes, baoyin, and salary notes. In Yuanzhen 1, heavy supply demands and flood-damaged crops won corvée relief for Xianping’s frontier population. In Dade 3, drought and locusts brought abolition of grain taxes in Yangzhou and Huai’an. In the fifth year, circuits hit hardest by disaster were freed from corvée taxes altogether. In the sixth year, corvée taxes in Dadu and Pingluan were waived. In the seventh year, famine in the heartland and military supply demands from Jing-Hu and Sichuan brought graded corvée relief. In the eighth year, earthquakes in Pingyang and Taiyuan earned three years without corvée taxes. In Zhide 1, flood, drought, and famine in Jiangnan and Jiangbei brought full remission of corvée levies and summer taxes. In the second year, disaster in the metropolitan region and Jiang-Huai likewise cancelled corvée levies and summer taxes. In Huangqing 2, the court forgave relief grain loans to Yidu’s famine victims. In Yanyou 2, floods across Henan, Guide, Nanyang, and many other prefectures; in year 3, Su prefecture and others hit by successive disasters—all owed no civilian grain taxes. In Tianli 1, frost and drought in Shaanxi brought a one-year corvée holiday; a sea surge at Yanguan prefecture won remission of autumn grain and summer taxes. That December, an edict granted one year’s corvée relief to districts ravaged by bandit raids. In the second year, drought in Guan-Shaan brought three years without corvée taxes. In Zhishun 1, drought in Henan and Huaiqing cancelled stall levies and all unpaid corvée arrears.

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鰥寡孤獨賑貸之制：世祖中統元年，首詔天下，鰥寡孤獨廢疾不能自存之人，天民之無告者也，命所在官司，以糧贍之。至元元年，又詔病者給藥，貧者給糧。八年，令各路設濟眾院以居處之，於糧之外，復給以薪。十年，以官吏破除入己，凡糧薪並敕於公廳給散。十九年，各路立養濟院一所，仍委憲司點治。二十年，給京師南城孤老衣糧房舍。二十八年，給寡婦冬夏衣。二十九年，給貧子柴薪，日五斤。三十一年，特賜米絹。元貞二年，詔各處孤老，凡遇寬恩，人給布帛各一。大德三年，詔遇天壽節，人給中統鈔二貫，永為定例。六年，給死者棺木錢。

Relief for widowers, orphans, and the destitute: In Shizu’s first Zhongtong year, the court’s inaugural edict declared that those who could not fend for themselves—widowers, orphans, the solitary, and the disabled—were Heaven’s forsaken; every local office must feed them from the public granary. In Zhiyuan 1, a further edict promised medicine to the sick and grain to the poor. In the eighth year, every circuit was to open a Jizhong courtyard for lodging, with fuel supplied on top of grain rations. In the tenth year, after officials had pocketed relief supplies, grain and fuel had to be issued openly at the government hall. In the nineteenth year, each circuit founded a Yangji relief house, still subject to inspection by the surveillance commission. In the twentieth year, the capital’s southern city supplied clothing, grain, and shelter to solitary elders. In the twenty-eighth year, widows received winter and summer clothing. In the twenty-ninth year, poor children received five jin of fuelwood daily. In the thirty-first year, the court made a special grant of rice and silk. In Yuanzhen 2, an edict promised every registered solitary elder one bolt of cloth whenever the court proclaimed general amnesty. In Dade 3, the Heavenly Longevity festival became a fixed occasion to give each recipient two guan of Zhongtong paper money. In the sixth year, the state paid for coffin wood for the deceased poor.

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水旱疫癘賑貸之制：中統元年，平陽旱，遣使賑之。二年，遷曳捏即地貧民就食河南、平陽、太原。三年，濟南饑，以糧三萬石賑之。是年七月，以課銀一百五十錠濟甘州貧民。四年，以錢糧幣帛賑東平濟河貧民，鈔四千錠賑諸王只必帖木兒部貧民。至元二年，以鈔百錠賑闊闊出所部軍。五年，益都民饑，驗口賑之。六年，東平、河間一十五處饑，亦驗口賑之。八年，以糧賑西京路急遞鋪兵卒。十二年，濮州等處饑，貸糧五千石。十六年，以江南所運糯米不堪用者賑貧民。十九年，真定饑，賑糧兩月。二十年，以帛千匹、鈔三百錠，賑水達達地貧民。二十三年，大都屬郡六處饑，賑糧三月。二十四年，斡端民饑，賑鈔萬錠。是年四月，以陳米給貧民。七月，以糧給諸王阿只吉部貧民，大口二斗，小口一斗。二十六年，京兆旱，以糧三萬石賑之。是年，又賑左右翼屯田蠻軍及月兒魯部貧民糧，各三月。二十七年，大都民饑，減直糶糧五萬石。二十八年，以去歲隕霜害稼，賑宿衛士怯憐口糧二月，以饑賑徽州、溧陽等路民糧三月。三十一年，復賑宿衛士怯憐口糧三月。元貞元年，諸王阿難答部民饑，賑糧二萬石。是年六月，以糧一千三百石賑隆興府饑民，二千石賑千戶滅禿等軍。七月，以遼陽民饑，賑糧二月。大德元年，以饑賑遼陽、水達達等戶糧五千石，公主囊加真位糧二千石。是年，臨江、揚州等路亦饑，賑糧有差；腹裏並江南災傷之地賑糧三月。二年，賑龍興、臨江兩路饑民，又賑金復州屯田軍糧二月。四年，鄂州等處民饑，發湖廣省糧十萬石賑之。七年，以鈔萬錠賑歸德饑民。九年，澧陽縣火，賑糧二月。十一年，以饑賑安州高陽等縣糧五千石，漷州谷一萬石，奉符等處鈔二千錠，兩浙、江東等處鈔三萬餘錠、糧二十萬餘石。又勸率富戶賑糶糧一百四十餘萬石，凡施米者，驗其數之多寡，而授以院務等官。是年，又以鈔一十四萬七千餘錠、鹽引五千道、糧三十萬石，賑紹興、慶元、臺州三路饑民。皇慶元年，寧國饑，賑糧兩月。自延祐之後，腹裏、江南饑民歲加賑恤，其所賑或以糧，或以鹽引，或以鈔。

Flood, drought, and epidemic relief: In Zhongtong 1, drought in Pingyang brought imperial envoys with relief grain. In the second year, poor people from the Yienie’er region were resettled to subsist in Henan, Pingyang, and Taiyuan. In the third year, famine in Jinan was met with thirty thousand shi of relief grain. That July, 150 ingots of tax silver went to Ganzhou’s poor. In the fourth year, cash, grain, and cloth relieved Dongping’s Ji River poor, while four thousand ingots of notes aided the poor in Prince Zhibi Temür’s domain. In Zhiyuan 2, one hundred ingots of notes relieved troops under Kuokuochu. In the fifth year, famine in Yidu brought relief apportioned by household headcount. In the sixth year, fifteen districts including Dongping and Hejian received the same per-capita relief. In the eighth year, grain relief reached express-relay soldiers on the Western Capital circuit. In the twelfth year, famine in Puzhou and elsewhere was met with five thousand shi of loaned grain. In the sixteenth year, substandard Jiangnan glutinous rice in transit was distributed to the poor. In the nineteenth year, Zhending’s famine brought two months of relief grain. In the twentieth year, one thousand bolts of cloth and three hundred ingots of notes aided the Shuidada poor. In the twenty-third year, famine in six capital sub-prefectures brought three months of relief grain. In the twenty-fourth year, famine in Woduan was met with ten thousand ingots of relief notes. That April, stale grain from the granaries went to the poor. In July, Prince Azhi’s poor received grain rations—two dou for adults, one for children. In the twenty-sixth year, drought in Jingzhao was answered with thirty thousand shi of relief grain. That same year, left- and right-wing garrison Man troops and the poor of Yue'erlu's followers each received three months' grain relief. In the twenty-seventh year, famine in the Great Capital was met with fifty thousand shi of grain sold at reduced price for relief. In the twenty-eighth year, frost damage to the previous harvest brought two months' grain to imperial guard dependents and three months' relief to the people of Huizhou, Liyang, and neighboring circuits. In the thirty-first year, imperial guard dependents again received three months' relief grain. In the first year of Yuanzhen, famine among Prince Ananda's people was answered with twenty thousand shi of relief grain. In the sixth month of that year, Longxing's famine victims received 1,300 shi of grain and Mietu's chiliarchy and allied units 2,000 shi. In the seventh month, two months' relief grain went to famine-stricken Liaoyang. In the first year of Dade, famine relief brought 5,000 shi to Liaoyang and Shuidada households and 2,000 shi to Princess Nangiazhen's establishment. That year Linjiang, Yangzhou, and other circuits also went hungry, and relief grain was allotted in graded amounts; while the heartland and Jiangnan disaster zones each received three months' grain. In the second year, Longxing and Linjiang received famine relief, and Jinfu's garrison troops two months' grain. In the fourth year, famine in Ezhou and elsewhere was met with one hundred thousand shi from Huguang province. In the seventh year, Guide's famine victims received relief paid in ten thousand ingots of paper money. In the ninth year, a fire at Liyang county brought two months' relief grain. In the eleventh year of famine, Gaoyang in Anzhou and other counties received 5,000 shi, Huozhou 10,000 shi of grain, Fengfu and elsewhere 2,000 ingots of notes, and Liangzhe and Jiangdong more than 30,000 ingots and 200,000 shi of grain. The court also urged wealthy households to sell more than 1.4 million shi of relief grain; donors were ranked by the size of their gift and rewarded with posts in the yamen-supervisory service and other offices. That year Shaoxing, Qingyuan, and Taizhou also received relief in 147,000-odd ingots, 5,000 salt certificates, and 300,000 shi of grain. In the first year of Huangqing, Ningguo's famine brought two months' relief grain. After the Yanyou era, famine relief in the heartland and Jiangnan grew year by year, paid now in grain, now in salt certificates, now in paper money.

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京師賑糶之制：至元二十二年始行。其法於京城南城設鋪各三所，分遣官吏，發海運之糧，減其市直以賑糶焉。凡白米每石減鈔五兩，南粳米減鈔三兩，歲以為常。成宗元貞元年，以京師米貴，益廣世祖之制，設肆三十所，發糧七萬餘石糶之，白粳米每石中統鈔一十五兩，白米每石一十二兩，糙米每石六兩五錢。二年，減米肆為一十所，其每年所糶，多至四十餘萬石，少亦不下二十餘萬石。至大元年，增兩城米肆為一十五所，每肆日糶米一百石。四年，增所糶米價為中統鈔二十五貫。自是每年所糶，率五十餘萬石。泰定二年，減米價為二十貫。致和元年，又減為一十五貫云。賑糶糧之外，復有紅帖糧。紅帖糧者，成宗大德五年始行。初，賑糶糧多為豪強嗜利之徒，用計巧取，弗能周及貧民。於是令有司籍兩京貧乏戶口之數，置半印號簿文貼，各書其姓名口數，逐月封貼以給。大口三斗，小口半之。其價視賑糶之直，三分常減其一，與賑糶並行。每年撥米總二十萬四千九百餘石，閏月不與焉。其愛民之仁，於此亦可見矣。

Relief grain sales in the capital began in the twenty-second year of Zhiyuan. Shops were opened in threes across the capital's southern wards; officials were sent to release sea-transported grain at reduced market rates for relief sale. White rice was discounted five liang per shi, southern polished rice three liang—a rule renewed every year. In Yuanzhen 1, as capital rice prices soared, Chengzong widened Kublai's scheme to thirty stalls and released more than 70,000 shi at fifteen liang per shi for white polished rice, twelve for white rice, and six liang five qian for coarse rice. The next year the stalls were cut to ten, yet annual sales still ranged from 200,000 to more than 400,000 shi. In the first year of Zhida, stalls in both wards rose to fifteen, each selling one hundred shi a day. In the fourth year the relief-sale price was set at twenty-five guan in Zhongtong notes. Thereafter annual relief sales averaged more than 500,000 shi. In the second year of Taiding the price fell to twenty guan. In Zhihe 1 it was cut again to fifteen guan. Alongside relief sales ran a second program: red-slip grain. Red-slip grain began in the fifth year of Dade under Chengzong. At first, relief grain at reduced price was cornered by the powerful and the greedy through artful schemes, never reaching the truly poor. Officials then registered the poor of both capitals, issued half-sealed ledger slips bearing each household's name and mouths, and distributed grain monthly against sealed vouchers. Adults received three dou; children half as much. The price tracked relief-sale rates but was discounted by a third, operating alongside the public stalls. The annual allocation totaled 204,900-odd shi, with no issue in intercalary months. Even in such details the dynasty's care for the people is plain to see.

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入粟補官之制：元初未嘗舉行。天歷三年，內外郡縣亢旱為災，於是用太師答剌罕等言，舉而行之。凡江南、陜西、河南等處定為三等，令其富實民戶依例出米，無米者折納價鈔。陜西每石八十兩，河南並腹裏每石六十兩，江南三省每石四十兩，實授茶鹽流官，如不仕讓封父母者聽。錢谷官考滿，依例升轉。陜西省：一千五百石之上，從七品；一千石之上，正八品；五百石之上，從八品；三百石之上，正九品；二百石之上，從九品；一百石之上，上等錢谷官；八十石之上，中等錢谷官；五十石之上，下等錢谷官；三十石之上，旌表門閭。河南並腹裏：二千石之上，從七品；一千五百石之上，正八品；一千石之上，從八品；五百石之上，正九品；三百石之上，從九品；二百石之上，上等錢谷官；一百五十石之上，中等錢谷官；一百石之上，下等錢谷官。江南三省：一萬石之上，正七品；五千石之上，從七品；三千石之上，正八品；二千石之上，從八品；一千石之上，正九品；五百石之上，從九品；三百石之上，上等錢谷官；二百五十石之上，中等錢谷官；二百石之上，下等錢谷官。先已入粟，遙授虛名，今再入粟者，驗其糧數，照依資品，實授茶鹽流官。陜西：一千石之上，從七品；六百六十石之上，正八品；三百三十石之上，從八品；二百石之上，正九品；一百三十石之上，從九品。河南並腹裏：一千三百三十石之上，從七品；一千石之上，正八品；六百六十石之上，從八品；三百三十石之上，正九品；二百石之上，從九品。江南三省：六千六百六十石之上，正七品；三千三百三十石之上，從七品；二千石之上，正八品；一千三百三十石之上，從八品；六百六十石之上，正九品；三百三十石之上，從九品。先已入粟，實授茶鹽流官，今再入粟者，驗其糧數，加等升除。陜西：七百五十石之上，五百石之上，二百五十石之上，一百五十石之上，一百石之上。河南並腹裏：一千石之上，七百五十石之上，五百石之上，二百五十石之上，一百五十石之上。僧道入粟：三百石之上，賜六字師號，都省給之；二百石之上，四字師號，一百石之上，二字師號，禮部給之。四川省富實民戶，有能入粟赴江陵者，依河南省補官例行之。夫入粟補官，雖非先王之政，然荒劄之余，民賴其助者多矣，故特識於篇末而不敢略云。

The system of trading grain for office never operated in the dynasty's early years. In the third year of Tianli, drought scourged commands and counties alike; at Grand Preceptor Darqan's urging, the policy was finally put into practice. Jiangnan, Shaanxi, Henan, and other regions were divided into three grades, with affluent households required to donate grain or, if they had none, pay the cash equivalent in notes. Rates were eighty liang per shi in Shaanxi, sixty in Henan and the heartland, and forty in the three Jiangnan provinces, in exchange for substantive posts in the salt-and-tea service; men who declined office to honor parents with rank were allowed to do so. Serving revenue-grain officers who completed their term were promoted under the usual rules. In Shaanxi, 1,500 shi or more earned the Junior Seventh Rank; 1,000 shi or more, the Regular Eighth Rank; 500 shi or more, the Junior Eighth Rank; 300 shi or more, the Regular Ninth Rank; 200 shi or more, the Junior Ninth Rank; 100 shi or more, upper-grade revenue-grain officer; 80 shi or more, middle-grade revenue-grain officer; 50 shi or more, lower-grade revenue-grain officer; 30 shi or more brought commendation at one's gate and lane. In Henan and the heartland, 2,000 shi or more earned the Junior Seventh Rank; 1,500 shi or more, the Regular Eighth Rank; 1,000 shi or more, the Junior Eighth Rank; 500 shi or more, the Regular Ninth Rank; 300 shi or more, the Junior Ninth Rank; 200 shi or more, upper-grade revenue-grain officer; 150 shi or more, middle-grade revenue-grain officer; 100 shi or more, lower-grade revenue-grain officer. In the three Jiangnan provinces, 10,000 shi or more earned the Regular Seventh Rank; 5,000 shi or more, the Junior Seventh Rank; 3,000 shi or more, the Regular Eighth Rank; 2,000 shi or more, the Junior Eighth Rank; 1,000 shi or more, the Regular Ninth Rank; 500 shi or more, the Junior Ninth Rank; 300 shi or more, upper-grade revenue-grain officer; 250 shi or more, middle-grade revenue-grain officer; 200 shi or more, lower-grade revenue-grain officer. Donors who had already contributed grain for remote honorary titles could contribute again; their total was reckoned and a substantive salt-and-tea post conferred by rank. For Shaanxi repeat donors: 1,000 shi or more, Junior Seventh Rank; 660 shi or more, Regular Eighth Rank; 330 shi or more, Junior Eighth Rank; 200 shi or more, Regular Ninth Rank; 130 shi or more, Junior Ninth Rank. In Henan and the heartland: 1,330 shi or more, Junior Seventh Rank; 1,000 shi or more, Regular Eighth Rank; 660 shi or more, Junior Eighth Rank; 330 shi or more, Regular Ninth Rank; 200 shi or more, Junior Ninth Rank. In the three Jiangnan provinces: 6,660 shi or more, Regular Seventh Rank; 3,330 shi or more, Junior Seventh Rank; 2,000 shi or more, Regular Eighth Rank; 1,330 shi or more, Junior Eighth Rank; 660 shi or more, Regular Ninth Rank; 330 shi or more, Junior Ninth Rank. Donors already holding substantive salt-and-tea posts who contributed again had their total examined and were raised or lowered in grade accordingly. Shaanxi repeat donors: thresholds at 750, 500, 250, 150, and 100 shi. Henan and the heartland: thresholds at 1,000, 750, 500, 250, and 150 shi. Clergy who contributed grain: 300 shi or more earned a six-character honorific title from the Metropolitan Secretariat; 200 shi or more a four-character title, 100 shi or more a two-character title, both issued by the Ministry of Rites. Wealthy households in Sichuan who could deliver grain to Jiangling were ranked under the same rules as Henan. Trading grain for office was no policy of the ancient kings, yet after famine and devastation countless people lived by its aid—reason enough to set it down at the chapter's close rather than pass it by in silence.

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