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后妃二
Empresses and Consorts 2
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睿宗顯懿莊聖皇后，名唆魯和帖尼，怯烈氏，生子憲宗、世祖，相繼為帝。 至元二年，追上尊謚莊聖皇后，升祔睿宗廟。 至大二年十二月，加謚顯懿莊聖皇后。 三年十月，又上玉冊，其文曰：「祖功宗德，稱誄於天。 內則閫儀，受成於廟。 行之大者名必顯，恩之隆者報則豐。 上以增佐定之光，下以伸遹追之孝。 欽惟莊聖皇后，英明溥博，聖善柔嘉。 尊儷景襄，陰教純被。 逮事光獻，婦職勤修。 勛聿著於承天，祥兩占於夢日。 跡聖緒洪源之有漸，知深仁厚澤之無垠。 玄符肇自塗山，顧前徽之未稱； 蒼箓興於文母，豈后嗣之能忘。 是用參考彜經，丕揚景鑠。 敷繹寶慈之誼，形容青史之規。 謹遣攝太尉某奉玉冊玉寶，加上尊謚曰顯懿莊聖皇后。 伏惟睿靈，昭垂鑒格。 禮嚴宮，樂歌夷則。 億萬斯年，承休無斁。」
Empress Xianyi Zhuang Sheng of Emperor Ruizong Tolui was named Sorghaghtani Beki of the Kereit. She bore Möngke and Kublai, each of whom in turn became emperor. In 1265 she was given the posthumous title Empress Zhuang Sheng and enshrined in Emperor Ruizong's temple. In December 1309 her title was further augmented to Empress Xianyi Zhuang Sheng. In the tenth month of 1310 a jade book was presented again. Its text read: "The achievements of the ancestors and the virtue of the forefathers are proclaimed in eulogy to Heaven. The inner norms and the rites of the inner court receive their completion in the ancestral temple. Great deeds demand that a name shine forth; profound favor calls for abundant recompense. Above, to add luster to the achievement of assisting in the founding; below, to extend the filial piety of distant commemoration. Reverently considering Empress Zhuang Sheng: perspicacious and broadly accomplished, sagely, good, gentle, and excellent. She honored and matched Emperor Jingxiang Tolui; the teachings of the inner court were purely diffused. When she came to serve Empress Guangxian, she diligently cultivated the duties of a wife. Her merit was forthwith displayed in receiving Heaven's mandate; auspicious omens of two suns were divined in a dream of the sun. Tracing the sage succession, one sees the great source unfold by degrees and knows that deep benevolence and thick grace are boundless. The dark talisman arose from Mount Tu, yet the former excellence had not been fittingly honored; the azure register rose from the civil mother — how could posterity forget? Therefore the canonical classics were consulted and the great resplendent standard was raised high. The meaning of precious compassion was set forth and expounded, and the model for the blue annals was given form. We respectfully send the Acting Grand Commandant to present the jade book and jade seal and add the honorific posthumous title Empress Xianyi Zhuang Sheng. We humbly trust that your wise spirit will brightly descend and grant inspection and acceptance. Rites were solemn in the palace; music sang the yize mode. For ten thousand myriad years may blessings be received without end."
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裕宗徽仁裕聖皇后伯藍也怯赤，一名闊闊真，弘吉剌氏，生順宗、成宗。 先是世祖出田獵，道渴，至一帳房，見一女子緝駝茸，世祖從覓馬湩。 女子曰：「馬湩有之，但我父母諸兄皆不在，我女子難以與汝。」 世祖欲去之。 女子又曰：「我獨居此，汝自來自去，於理不宜。 我父母即歸，姑待之。」 須臾果歸。 出馬湩飲世祖。 世祖既去，嘆息曰：「得此等女子為人家婦，豈不美耶！」 后與諸臣謀擇太子妃，世祖俱不允。 有一老臣嘗知向者之言，知其未許嫁，言於世祖。 世祖大喜，納為太子妃。 后性孝謹，善事中宮，世祖每稱之為賢德媳婦。 侍昭睿順聖皇后，不離左右，至混廁所用紙，亦以面擦，令柔軟以進。 一日，裕宗有病，世祖往視，見床上設織金臥褥。 世祖慍而語之曰：「我嘗以汝為賢，何乃若此耶？」 后跪答曰：「常時不曾敢用，今為太子病，恐有濕氣，因用之。」 即時徹去。
Empress Huiren Yusheng of Emperor Yuzong Zhenjin was Bo'alaije'u, also called Kokejin, of the Hongjira clan. She bore Darmabala and Temür, who became Emperors Shunzong and Chengzong. Earlier, when Kublai went out hunting, he grew thirsty on the road, came to a tent, and saw a girl sewing camel hair. He asked her for kumiss. The girl said, "There is kumiss, but my parents and elder brothers are all away. As a girl alone I cannot easily give it to you." Kublai was about to leave. The girl said again, "I live here alone. For you to come and go by yourself is not proper. My parents will return shortly. Please wait." In a moment they did return. They brought out kumiss for Kublai to drink. After Kublai had gone, he sighed and said, "To obtain a girl like this as a wife for one's household — would it not be fine!" Later the empress and the ministers deliberated on choosing a crown princess, but Kublai would not approve any of them. An old minister had once heard what Kublai had said. Knowing that the girl was not yet betrothed, he spoke of it to Kublai. Kublai was greatly pleased and took her in as crown princess. The consort was by nature filial and careful and good at serving the inner palace. Kublai always called her a worthy and virtuous daughter-in-law. She attended Empress Zhaorui Shunsheng and never left her side. Even the paper used in the privy she rubbed with her face to soften before presenting it. One day Zhenjin was ill. Kublai went to visit and saw a brocaded gold sleeping mat on the bed. Kublai grew angry and said to her, "I once regarded you as worthy. How can you be like this?" The consort knelt and answered, "At ordinary times I never dared use it. Now, because the crown prince is ill, I feared dampness and therefore used it." She immediately had it removed.
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世祖崩，成宗至上都，諸王畢會。 先是，御史中丞崔彧得玉璽於木華黎國王曾孫世德家，其文曰「受命於天，既壽永昌」，上之於后，至是，后手授成宗。 即皇帝位，尊后為皇太后，冊文曰：「自家而國，治道必有所先； 立愛惟親，君德莫先於孝。 況恩深於鞠我，而禮重於正名。 歷代以來，令儀可考。 人子之職所在，天下之母宜尊。 恭惟聖母，聖善本乎天資，靜專法乎地道。 上以奉宗祏之重，下以敘倫紀之常。 助我前人，守《卷耳》憂勤之志； 保予沖子，成《思齊》雍肅之風。 肆神器之有歸，知孫謀之素定。 畀付雖由於歷數，規摹一出於庭闈。 是用率籲眾心，章明巨度，不勝拳拳大願。 謹奉冊寶，上尊稱曰皇太后。 伏惟長信穆穆，周宗綿綿。 備《洛書》之錫福，粲慈極之儀天。 瑤圖寶運，於萬斯年。」 命設官屬，置徽政院。 后院官有受獻浙西田七百頃，籍於位下，太后曰：「我寡居婦人，衣食自有餘，況江南率土，皆國家所有，我曷敢私之。」 即命中書省盡易院官之受獻者。 后之弟欲因后求官，后語之曰：「若欲求官耶？ 汝自為之，勿以累我也。」 其后，弟果被黜，人皆服后之先見。 大德四年二月崩，祔葬先陵，謚曰裕聖皇后，升祔裕宗廟。 至大三年十月，又追尊謚曰徽仁裕聖皇后。
When Kublai died, Temür arrived at Shangdu and all the princes assembled. Earlier the Censor-in-Chief Cui Yu had obtained the jade seal in the home of Shide, great-grandson of Prince Muqali. Its inscription read "Receiving the mandate from Heaven, long life and eternal prosperity." He presented it to the empress, and on this occasion she personally handed it to Temür. Upon assuming the imperial throne, he honored the empress as Empress Dowager. The investiture text read: "From the family to the state, the way of governance must have what comes first; establishing love begins with kin, and among the virtues of a ruler none comes before filial piety. How much more when favor is deep in nurturing me, and ritual weighs heavily in rectifying the name! Through successive dynasties, excellent precedents may be examined. Where the duty of a son lies, the mother of the realm should be honored. Reverently considering the Holy Mother: sagely goodness is rooted in Heaven-given nature, and stillness and concentration follow the way of Earth. Above, to uphold the weight of the ancestral tablets; below, to set in order the constants of human relations. She aided my forebears, keeping the anxious diligence of "Roll up your sleeves"; she protected my young heir and completed the harmonious solemnity of "Be like him." Now that the sacred vessel has its destination, we know that the grandson's design was long settled. Though the conferral follows the sequence of fate, the plan and model issued from the inner court. Therefore we lead and call forth the hearts of the multitude, proclaim the great measure, and cannot overcome our earnest great wish. We respectfully present the book and seal and raise the honorific title Empress Dowager. We humbly trust that long faith will be solemn and the Zhou lineage unending. Complete with the blessings granted in the Luo Document, resplendent as the compassionate pole in honoring Heaven. The jade chart and precious destiny — for ten thousand years." He ordered officials to be appointed and established the Bureau of Imperial Governance. An official of the rear palace had received as tribute seven hundred qing of land in western Zhejiang, registered under her station. The Empress Dowager said, "I am a widow living alone — food and clothing are already more than enough. Moreover, all the lands south of the Yangtze belong to the state. How dare I make them private?" She immediately ordered the Secretariat to replace entirely those bureau officials who had received such tribute. The empress's younger brother wished to seek office through her. The empress said to him, "If you wish to seek office, do it yourself. Do not involve me." Afterward his younger brother was indeed dismissed, and everyone admired the empress's foresight. In the second month of 1300 she died, was buried beside the former imperial tombs, posthumously titled Empress Yusheng, and installed in the temple of Emperor Yuzong. In the tenth month of 1310 the title was further raised to Empress Huiren Yusheng.
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順宗照獻元聖皇后，名答己，弘吉剌氏，按陳孫渾都帖木兒之女。 裕宗居燕邸及潮河，順宗俱在侍，稍長，世祖賜女侍郭氏，後乃納后為妃，生武宗及仁宗。 大德九年，成宗不豫，卜魯罕皇后秉政，遣仁宗母子出居懷州。 十年十二月，后至懷州。 十一年正月，成宗崩。 時武宗總兵北邊，右丞相答剌罕哈剌哈孫陰遣使報仁宗，與后奔還京師。 后與仁宗入內哭，復出居舊邸，朝夕入奠。 即遣使迎武宗還，以五月即位。 先是，太后以兩太子星命付陰陽家推算，問所宜立，對曰：「重光大荒落有災，旃蒙作噩長久。」 重光為武宗生年，旃蒙為仁宗生年。 太后頗惑其言，遣近臣朵耳諭旨武宗曰：「汝兄弟二人，皆我所出，豈有親疏。 陰陽家所言，運祚修短，不容不思也。」 武宗聞之默然，進康裏脫脫而言曰：「我捍北邊十年，又胤次居長，太后以星命為言，茫昧難信。 使我設施合於天心民望，雖一日之短，亦足垂名萬世。 何可以陰陽家言，而乖祖宗之托哉！」 脫脫以聞，太后愕然曰：「修短之說，雖出術家，吾為太子遠慮，所以深愛太子也。 太子既如是言，今當速來耳。」 詳見《康裏脫脫傳》中。
Empress Zhaoxian Yuansheng of Emperor Shunzong Darmabala was named Daji of the Hongjira clan, daughter of Qundutemür, grandson of Anchannayan of the An clan. When Zhenjin resided at the Yan residence and at Chaohe, Darmabala was always in attendance. When he grew somewhat older, Kublai granted him the attendant Guo, and later he took Daji as consort. She bore Külüg Khan and Ayurbarwada, who became Emperors Wuzong and Renzong. In 1305 Chengzong fell ill. Empress Buluqan held power and sent Ayurbarwada and his mother out to reside at Huaizhou. In the twelfth month of 1306 the empress arrived at Huaizhou. In the first month of 1307 Chengzong died. At that time Külüg Khan commanded troops on the northern frontier. The Right Chancellor Daraqan Qaraqas secretly sent envoys to inform Ayurbarwada, and the empress and he rushed back to the capital. The empress and Ayurbarwada entered the palace to weep, then returned to their former residence, morning and evening entering to offer libations. They immediately sent envoys to welcome Külüg Khan back, and in the fifth month he took the throne. Earlier the Empress Dowager had given the nativities of the two crown princes to yin-yang masters to calculate and asked which should be established. They answered, "Chongguang and Dahuangluo have calamity; Zhanmeng and Zuo'e are long-lasting." Chongguang was Külüg Khan's birth year; Zhanmeng was Ayurbarwada's birth year. The Empress Dowager was rather swayed by their words and sent a close attendant, Dor, to convey her instruction to Külüg Khan: "You two brothers were both born of me. How could there be closeness or distance? What the yin-yang masters say about the length of fortune and fate — one cannot fail to consider it." Külüg Khan heard this and was silent. He advanced Kangli Toqto'a and said, "I have defended the northern frontier for ten years, and by birth order I am the elder. The Empress Dowager speaks of star-fate — it is obscure and hard to trust. If my measures accord with Heaven's mind and the people's hopes, even a reign of one day would be enough to leave a name for ten thousand generations. How can one go against the charge of the ancestors because of what yin-yang masters say!" Toqto'a reported this. The Empress Dowager was startled and said, "The talk of long and short reigns, though it comes from specialists, is my far-sighted concern for the crown prince. That is why I deeply love the crown prince. Since the crown prince has spoken thus, he should come quickly now." For details see the biography of Kangli Toqto'a.
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五月，武宗既立，即日尊太后為皇太后。 立仁宗為皇太子。 三宮協和。 十一月，帝朝太后於隆福宮，上皇太后玉冊玉寶。 至大元年三月，帝為太后建興聖宮，給鈔五萬錠、絲二萬斤。 二年正月，太后幸五臺山作佛事，詔高麗王璋從之。 四月，立興聖宮江淮財賦總管府，以司太后錢糧。 三年二月，以上皇太后尊號，告祀南郊。 四月，以興聖宮鷹坊等戶四千，分處遼陽，建萬戶府統之。 十月戊申，帝率皇太子諸王群臣朝興聖宮，上皇太后尊號冊寶曰儀天興聖慈仁昭懿壽元皇太后。 庚戌，后恭謝太廟，以皇太后受尊號，詔赦天下。 四年，仁宗即位。 延祐二年三月，帝率諸王百官奉玉冊玉寶，加上皇太后尊號曰儀天興聖慈仁昭懿壽元全德泰寧福慶皇太后。 延祐七年，英宗即位，十二月，上尊號太皇太后，冊文云：「王政之先，無以加孝，人倫之本，莫大尊親。 肆予臨御之初，首舉推崇之典。 恭惟太皇太后陛下，仁施溥博，明燭幽之微。 爰自居淵潛之宮，已有母天下之望。 方武宗之北狩，適成廟之賓天。 旋克振於乾綱，諒再安於宗祏。 雖有在躬之歷數，實司創業之艱難。 儀式表於慈闈，動協謀於先帝。 莫究補天之妙，允如扶日之升。 位履至尊，兩翼成於聖子； 嗣登大寶，復擁佑於眇躬。 矧德邁塗山，功高文母。 是宜加於四字，式益衍於徽稱。 謹奉玉冊玉寶，加上尊號曰儀天興聖慈仁昭懿壽元全德泰寧福慶徽文崇佑太皇太后。 於戲！ 茲雖涉於強名，庶庸申於善頌。 九州四海，養未足於孝心； 萬歲千秋，願永膺於壽祉。」 丙辰，太后禦大明殿，受朝賀。 戊辰，告太廟。 太后見明宗少時有英氣，而英宗稍柔懦，諸群小以立明宗必不利於己，遂擁立英宗。 及既即位，太后來賀，英宗即毅然見於色，后退而悔曰：「我不擬養此兒耶！」 遂飲恨成疾。 至治三年二月崩，升祔順宗廟配食。
In the fifth month, after Külüg Khan had been established, that same day he honored the Empress Dowager as Empress Dowager. He established Ayurbarwada as crown prince. The three palaces were in harmony. In the eleventh month the emperor attended upon the Empress Dowager at Longfu Palace and presented the jade book and jade seal of Empress Dowager. In the third month of 1308 the emperor built the Palace of Sagely Inception for the Empress Dowager and granted fifty thousand ingots of paper money and twenty thousand jin of silk. In the first month of 1309 the Empress Dowager visited Mount Wutai to perform Buddhist rites. An edict ordered King Ch'ang of Goryeo to accompany her. In the fourth month the General Directorate of Revenue for the Jiang-Huai Circuit of the Palace of Sagely Inception was established to administer the Empress Dowager's funds and grain. In the second month of 1310, because of the honorific title of Empress Dowager, announcement was made at the southern suburban sacrifice. In the fourth month four thousand households of the falconry office and the like of the Palace of Sagely Inception were distributed to Liaoyang, and a myriarchate office was established to govern them. On the wushen day of the tenth month the emperor led the crown prince, princes, and ministers to attend at the Palace of Sagely Inception and presented the honorific book and seal: Empress Dowager Yitian Xingsheng Ciren Zhaoyi Shouyuan. On the gengxu day the empress reverently thanked the Grand Temple. Because the Empress Dowager had received the honorific title, an edict amnestied the realm. In 1311 Ayurbarwada took the throne. In the third month of 1315 the emperor led the princes and officials to present the jade book and jade seal and add the honorific title Empress Dowager Yitian Xingsheng Ciren Zhaoyi Shouyuan Quande Taining Fuqing. In 1320 Yingzong took the throne. In the twelfth month he raised the honorific title Grand Empress Dowager. The investiture text read: "Before royal government, nothing surpasses filial piety; in the root of human relations, nothing is greater than honoring kin. Now at the beginning of my assuming rule, I first perform the ceremony of exaltation. Reverently considering Her Majesty the Grand Empress Dowager: benevolence is broadly diffused, and illumination reaches the subtlest hidden things. From the time she dwelt in the deep-hidden palace, she already had the expectation of mothering the realm. Just as Külüg Khan was hunting in the north, Chengzong became a guest of Heaven. Soon the Heavenly regency was restored and the ancestral tablets were again secured. Though the sequence of fate rested in one's person, in truth she managed the hardships of founding. Rites and forms were displayed in the compassionate quarter, and every movement accorded with the former emperor's plans. Who can fathom the wonder of mending Heaven? Truly it was like supporting the sun as it rises. Ascending to utmost honor, the two wings were formed by sage sons; succeeding to the great treasure, again she embraced and aided my slight person. Moreover, her virtue surpasses Mount Tu and her achievement is higher than the civil mother. Therefore four characters should be added to further extend the emblazoned title. We respectfully present the jade book and jade seal and add the honorific title Grand Empress Dowager Yitian Xingsheng Ciren Zhaoyi Shouyuan Quande Taining Fuqing Huiwen Chongyou. Alas! Though this touches upon forced naming, perhaps it can express fine praise. The nine provinces and four seas — nurturing is not enough for filial heart; ten thousand years and a thousand autumns — may blessings of longevity be forever received." On the bingchen day the Empress Dowager held court at Daming Hall and received congratulations. On the wuchen day announcement was made at the Grand Temple. The Empress Dowager saw that in youth Gegeen Khan had heroic spirit, while Buyantu was somewhat soft and timid. Various petty men thought that establishing Gegeen Khan would certainly be unfavorable to themselves and therefore supported Buyantu. When he had taken the throne, the Empress Dowager came to congratulate. Buyantu immediately showed it firmly in his expression. The empress withdrew and regretted, saying, "Did I not intend to raise this child!" She then drank resentment and fell ill. In the second month of 1323 she died and was installed in the temple of Emperor Shunzong for joint offerings.
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后性聰慧，歷佐三朝，教宮中侍女皆執治女功，親操井臼。 然不事檢飭，自正位東朝，淫恣益甚，內則黑驢母亦烈失八用事，外則幸臣失烈門、紐鄰及時宰叠木帖兒相率為奸，以至箠辱平章張珪等，濁亂朝政，無所不至。 及英宗立，群幸伏誅，而后勢焰頓息焉。
The empress was intelligent by nature. She assisted three reigns, taught all the palace maids to practice women's work, and personally handled mortar and pestle. Yet she did not restrain herself. From establishing her position in the Eastern Court, debauchery grew ever worse. Within, Heilümu and Yilieshiba held power; without, favorites Shiliesmen and Niulin and the chief minister Timur led one another in wickedness, even to beating the Pingzhang Zhang Gui and others — corrupting government affairs without limit. When Buyantu was established, the group of favorites were executed, and thereafter her power suddenly ceased.