Volume 119 Biographies 6: Muqali, Bo'orchu, Borokhula

木華黎

Muqali

木華黎，劄剌兒氏，世居阿難水東。父孔溫窟哇，以戚裏故，在太祖麾下，從平篾裏吉，征乃蠻部，數立功。後乃蠻又叛，太祖與六騎走，中道乏食，擒水際橐駝殺之，燔以啖太祖。追騎垂及，而太祖馬斃，五騎相顧駭愕，孔溫窟哇以所乘馬濟太祖，身當追騎，死之。太祖獲免。有子五人，木華黎其第三子也。生時有白氣出帳中。神巫異之，曰：「此非常兒也。」及長，沈毅多智略，猿臂善射，挽弓二石強。與博爾術、博爾忽、赤老溫事太祖，俱以忠勇稱，號掇裏班曲律，猶華言四傑也。

Muqali belonged to the Jalair clan and his family had long lived east of the Anan River. His father Khun-temür, as a royal in-law, served under Genghis Khan, helped subdue the Merkits, fought the Naiman tribes, and won distinction again and again. When the Naiman rebelled again, Genghis Khan fled with only six riders. Food ran out on the road, so they caught a camel by the water, killed it, roasted the meat, and gave it to the khan. Pursuers were closing in when the khan's horse collapsed. The five companions stared at one another in terror. Khun-temür gave Genghis Khan his own mount, stood in the path of the pursuers, and was killed. Genghis Khan thus escaped with his life. He had five sons, and Muqali was the third. When he was born, white vapor rose from inside the tent. A shaman took it as an omen and said, "This is no ordinary child." As he grew up he became grave, resolute, and resourceful. He had long arms, was a fine archer, and could draw a bow rated at two piculs. He served Genghis Khan together with Bo'orchu, Borokhula, and Chilaun. All four were famed for loyalty and valor and were called the Dorben Kürü'üd—the Four Heroes.

太祖軍嘗失利，會大雪，失牙帳所在，夜臥草澤中。木華黎與博爾術張裘氈，立雪中，障蔽太祖，達旦竟不移足。一日，太祖從三十餘騎行溪谷間，顧謂曰：「此中或遇寇，當奈何？」對曰：「請以身當之。」既而，寇果自林間突出，矢下如雨。木華黎引弓射之，三發中三人。其酋呼曰：「爾為誰？」曰：「木華黎也。」徐解馬鞍持之，捍衛太祖以出，寇遂引去。克烈王可汗與乃蠻部讎戰，求援於太祖。太祖遣木華黎及博爾術等救之，盡殺乃蠻之眾於按臺之下，獲甲仗、馬牛而還。既而王可汗謀襲太祖，其下拔臺知之，密告太祖。太祖遣木華黎選精騎夜斫其營，王可汗走死，諸部大人聞風款附。歲丙寅，太祖即皇帝位，首命木華黎、博爾術為左右萬戶。從容謂曰：「國內平定，汝等之力居多。我與汝猶車之有轅，身之有臂也。汝等切宜體此，勿替初心。」

Once when the khan's army had been defeated, heavy snow fell and they lost track of the royal camp, spending the night lying in the marsh grass. Muqali and Bo'orchu spread their felt cloaks, stood in the snow to shield the khan, and from dusk until dawn did not move their feet. One day Genghis Khan rode through a ravine with a little over thirty men. He turned and asked, "If bandits appear here, what shall we do?" They answered, "Let us put our bodies in their way." Soon enough bandits did rush out of the woods, and arrows fell like rain. Muqali drew his bow and shot; three arrows brought down three men. Their leader shouted, "Who are you?" He answered, "Muqali." He calmly unbuckled his saddle and held it up as a shield, escorting the khan out until the bandits withdrew. Wang Khan of the Kerait was at war with the Naiman and asked Genghis Khan for help. Genghis Khan sent Muqali, Bo'orchu, and others to his aid. They annihilated the Naiman army below Antai, took arms and armor, horses, and cattle, and returned. Later Wang Khan plotted to attack Genghis Khan, but his follower Batai learned of it and secretly warned the khan. Genghis Khan sent Muqali with picked cavalry to raid the camp by night. Wang Khan fled to his death, and chieftains of the tribes submitted at the first report. In the bingyin year Genghis Khan took the imperial throne and first appointed Muqali and Bo'orchu as the Left and Right Myriarchs. He said to them calmly, "The realm is at peace largely because of you. You and I are like shafts to a cart, arms to a body. Keep this firmly in mind and do not abandon your first loyalty."

金之降者，皆言其主璟殺戮宗親，荒淫日恣。帝曰：「朕出師有名矣。」辛未，從伐金，薄宣德，遂克德興。壬申，攻雲中、九原諸郡，拔之，進圍撫州。金兵號四十萬，陣野狐嶺北。木華黎曰：「彼眾我寡，弗致死力戰，未易破也。」率敢死士，策馬橫戈，大呼陷陣，帝麾諸軍並進，大敗金兵，追至澮河，僵屍百里。癸酉，攻居庸關，壁堅，不得入，遣別將阇別統兵趨紫荊口，金左監軍高琪引兵來拒，不戰而潰，遂拔涿州。因分兵攻下益都、濱、棣諸城，遂次霸州，史天倪、蕭勃叠率眾來降，並奏為萬戶。甲戌，從圍燕，金主請和，北還。命統諸軍征遼東，次高州，盧琮、金樸以城降。乙亥，裨將蕭也先以計平定東京。進攻北京，金守將銀青率眾二十萬拒花道逆戰，敗之，斬首八萬餘級。城中食盡，契丹軍斬關來降，進軍逼之，其下殺銀青，推寅答虎為帥，遂舉城降。木華黎怒其降緩，欲坑之，蕭也先曰：「北京為遼西重鎮，既降而坑之，後豈有降者乎？」從之。奏寅答虎留守北京，以吾也而權兵馬都元帥鎮之。遣高德玉、劉蒲速窩兒招諭興中府，同知兀裏卜不從，殺蒲速窩兒，德玉走免。未幾，吏民殺兀裏卜，推土豪石天應為帥，舉城降，奏為興中尹、兵馬都提控。

Jin defectors all said that their ruler, Emperor Xuanzong, was killing his own kin and growing more dissolute every day. The emperor said, "Now I march with just cause." In the xinwei year he joined the campaign against Jin, approached Xuande, and captured Dexing. In renshen he attacked Yunzhong, Jiuyuan, and other commanderies, took them, and advanced to besiege Fuzhou. The Jin army was said to number four hundred thousand and drew up north of Yehuling. Muqali said, "They outnumber us. Unless we fight with everything we have, we will not break them easily." He led his dare-to-die troops, spurred his horse with lance leveled, and charged the line shouting. The khan ordered the whole army forward. The Jin force was routed and pursued to the Hui River, with corpses strewn for a hundred li. In guiyou he attacked Juyong Pass but could not break the strong walls. He sent the detached commander Chebie toward Zijingkou. Gao Qi, the Jin Left Military Commissioner, came to resist, fled without fighting, and Zhuozhou was taken. He then sent detachments to take Yidu, Bin, Di, and other cities, and encamped at Bazhou. Shi Tianni and Xiao Bodie surrendered with their followers, and both were recommended as myriarchs. In jiaxu he joined the siege of Yan. The Jin emperor sued for peace, and the army returned north. He was ordered to command the armies in the Liaodong campaign. At Gaozhou, Lu Cong and Jin Pu surrendered the city. In yihai the deputy commander Xiao Yexian pacified the Eastern Capital by stratagem. Advancing on the Northern Capital, he met the Jin defender Yin Qing with two hundred thousand men blocking the Huadao road. He defeated them and took more than eighty thousand heads. When food in the city ran out, the Khitan troops opened the gates and surrendered. As the army closed in, Yin Qing's men killed him, made Yindahu commander, and surrendered the city. Muqali was angry at the delay in surrender and wanted to massacre them. Xiao Yexian said, "The Northern Capital is a major stronghold of western Liao. If we slaughter them after they surrender, who will surrender later?" Muqali accepted his advice. He recommended that Yindahu stay to guard the Northern Capital and that Uyar-edei serve as acting Military Commander-in-Chief to garrison it. He sent Gao Deyu and Liu Pusuwo'er to win over Xingzhong Prefecture. Vice Commissioner Ulubu refused, killed Pusuwo'er, and Deyu escaped. Soon the officials and people killed Ulubu, made the local magnate Shi Tianying commander, and surrendered the city. Shi was recommended as prefect of Xingzhong and Military Controller-in-Chief.

錦州張鯨聚眾十餘萬，殺節度使，稱臨海郡王，至是來降。詔木華黎以鯨總北京十提控兵，從掇忽闌南征未附州郡。木華黎密察鯨有反側意，請以蕭也先監其軍。至平州，鯨稱疾逗留，復謀遁去，監軍蕭也先執送行在，誅之。鯨弟致憤其兄被誅，據錦州叛，略平、灤、瑞、利、義、懿、廣寧等州。木華黎率蒙古不花等軍數萬討之，州郡多殺致所署長吏降。進逼紅羅山，主將杜秀降，奏為錦州節度使。丙子，致陷興中府。七月，進兵臨興中。先遣吾也而等攻溜石山，諭之曰：「今若急攻，賊必遣兵來援，我斷其歸路，致可擒也。」又遣蒙古不花屯永德縣東候之。致果遣鯨子東平將騎兵八千、步卒三萬，援溜石。蒙古不花引兵趨之，馳報，木華黎夜半引兵疾馳，遇於神水縣東，夾擊之。分麾下兵之半，下馬步戰。選善射者數千，令曰：「賊步兵無甲，疾射之！」乃麾騎兵齊進，大敗之，斬東平及士卒萬二千八百餘級。拔開義縣，進圍錦州。致遣張太平、高益出戰，又敗之，斬首三千餘級，溺死者不可勝數。圍守月餘，致憤將校不戮力，殺敗將二十餘人。高益懼，縛致出降，伏誅。廣寧劉琰、懿州田和尚降，木華黎曰：「此叛寇，存之無以懲後。」除工匠優伶外，悉屠之。拔蘇、復、海三州，斬完顏眾家奴。咸平宣撫薄鮮等率眾十餘萬，遁入海島。

Zhang Jing of Jinzhou had raised more than one hundred thousand men, killed the military commissioner, and styled himself Prince of Linhai; he now came to surrender. Muqali was ordered to place Jing in command of the ten brigades of the Northern Capital and follow Doholian south against unsubmitted prefectures. Muqali secretly saw that Jing was unreliable and asked that Xiao Yexian supervise his troops. At Pingzhou, Jing feigned illness and lingered, plotting escape again. Supervisor Xiao Yexian seized him, sent him to headquarters, and he was executed. Jing's brother Zhi, furious at his brother's execution, seized Jinzhou and rebelled, raiding Ping, Luan, Rui, Li, Yi, Yi, Guangning, and other prefectures. Muqali led tens of thousands of men, including Mongol Buka, against him. Many prefectures killed the officials Zhi had appointed and surrendered. Pressing Hongluo Mountain, commander Du Xiu surrendered and was recommended as military commissioner of Jinzhou. In bingzi, Zhi captured Xingzhong Prefecture. In the seventh month he advanced on Xingzhong. He first sent Uyar-edei to attack Liushi Mountain and told them, "If we press hard now, the rebels will send reinforcements. We can cut off their retreat and capture Zhi." He also posted Mongol Buka east of Yongde County to wait for them. Zhi did send Jing's son Dongping with eight thousand cavalry and thirty thousand infantry to relieve Liushi. Mongol Buka moved to intercept and sent word. Muqali marched through the night and met the enemy east of Shenshui County, attacking from both sides. He ordered half his force to dismount and fight on foot. He picked several thousand good archers and ordered, "The enemy infantry have no armor—shoot them fast!" Then he led the cavalry forward in a charge. The enemy was routed; Dongping and more than twelve thousand eight hundred soldiers were killed. They took Kaiyi County and advanced to besiege Jinzhou. Zhi sent Zhang Taiping and Gao Yi out to fight. They were defeated again; more than three thousand were killed and countless men drowned. After more than a month under siege, Zhi, angry that his officers were not trying hard enough, executed more than twenty defeated commanders. Gao Yi, in fear, bound Zhi and surrendered him. Zhi was executed. Liu Yan of Guangning and Tian the Monk of Yizhou surrendered. Muqali said, "These are rebels. If we spare them, there will be no warning for others." Except for artisans and entertainers, all were put to the sword. They took Su, Fu, and Hai prefectures and beheaded Wanyan Zhongjianu. Bo Xian and other pacification commissioners of Xianping led more than one hundred thousand men and fled to the islands.

丁丑八月，詔封太師、國王、都行省承制行事，賜誓券、黃金印曰：「子孫傳國，世世不絕。」分弘吉剌、亦乞烈思、兀魯兀、忙兀等十軍，及吾也而契丹、蕃、漢等軍，並屬麾下。且諭曰：「太行之北，朕自經略，太行以南，卿其勉之。」賜大駕所建九斿大旗，仍諭諸將曰：「木華黎建此旗以出號令，如朕親臨也。」乃建行省於雲、燕，以圖中原，遂自燕南攻遂城及蠡州諸城，拔之。冬，破大名府，遂東定益都、淄、登、萊、濰、密等州。戊寅，自西京由太和嶺入河東，攻太原、忻、代、澤、潞、汾、霍等州，悉降之。遂徇平陽，金守臣棄城遁，以前鋒拓拔按察兒統蒙古軍鎮之拒金兵，以義州監軍李廷植之弟守忠權河東南路帥府事。己卯，以蕭特末兒等出雲、朔，攻降岢嵐火山軍。以谷裏夾打為元帥達魯花赤，攻拔石、隰州，擊絳州，克之。庚辰，復由燕徇趙，至滿城。武仙舉真定來降。權知河北西路兵馬事史天倪進言曰：「今中原粗定，而所過猶縱兵抄掠，非王者吊民之意也。」木華黎曰：「善。」下令禁無剽掠，所獲老稚，悉遣還田里，軍中肅然，吏民大悅。兵至滏陽，金邢州節度使武貴迎降，進攻天平寨，破之。遣蒙古不花分兵略定河北衛、懷、孟州，入濟南。嚴實籍所隸相、魏、磁、名、恩、博、滑、浚等州戶三十萬，詣軍門降。

In the eighth month of dingchou he was enfeoffed as Grand Preceptor and King, given a Secretariat with full commission, a covenant tablet, and a golden seal inscribed, "Descendants shall hold this fief forever." Ten armies—the Hongjila, Yiqiliesi, Ulugu, Mangwu, and others—together with Uyar-edei's Khitan, tribal, and Han forces were all placed under his command. He also told him, "North of the Taihang Mountains I will manage myself; south of them, you must do your utmost." He gave him the nine-tassel banner of the imperial guard and told the generals, "When Muqali raises this banner to command, it is as if I were there myself." He set up a Secretariat at Yun and Yan to conquer the Central Plain, then attacked Suicheng, Lizhou, and other cities south of Yan and took them. That winter he took Daming Prefecture, then secured Yidu, Zi, Deng, Lai, Wei, Mi, and other prefectures to the east. In wuyin he left the Western Capital, entered Hedong by Taihe Ridge, attacked Taiyuan, Xin, Dai, Ze, Lu, Fen, Huo, and other prefectures, and all submitted. He then marched on Pingyang. The Jin defender fled. The vanguard Tabo Ancha'er garrisoned it with Mongol troops to hold off Jin forces, and Li Shouzhong, brother of Yizhou supervisor Li Tingzhi, was made acting commander of the Hedong South Circuit. In jimao, Xiao Temu'er and others left Yun and Shuo, attacked, and reduced Kelan Huoshan Army. Gulijada was made commander darughachi, took Shi and Xi prefectures, attacked Jiangzhou, and captured it. In gengchen he again marched from Yan through Zhao to Mancheng. Wu Xian surrendered Zhending. Shi Tianni, acting administrator of Hebei West Circuit military affairs, urged him, "The Central Plain is largely pacified, yet troops still plunder wherever they march. That is not how a true king comforts his people." Muqali said, "You are right." He ordered an end to looting, sent all captured old and young back to their villages, and the army became disciplined. Officials and people rejoiced. At Fuyang the Jin military commissioner of Xingzhou, Wu Gui, surrendered. They attacked Tianping Stockade and took it. He sent Mongol Buka with detachments to secure Wei, Huai, and Meng in Hebei and enter Jinan. Yan Shi registered three hundred thousand households in Xiang, Wei, Ci, Ming, En, Bo, Hua, Jun, and other prefectures under his rule and came to the camp to surrender.

時金兵屯黃陵岡，號二十萬，遣步兵二萬襲濟南。木華黎以輕兵五百擊走之。遂會大軍，薄黃陵岡。金兵陣河南岸，示以死戰。木華黎曰：「此不可用長兵，當以短兵取勝。」令騎下馬，引滿齊發，亦下馬督戰，果大敗之，溺死者眾。進攻楚丘。楚丘城小而固，四面皆水，令諸軍以草木填塹，直抵城下。嚴實率所部先登，拔之。攻下單州，圍東平，以實權山東西路行省，戒之曰：「東平糧盡，必棄城走，汝伺其去，即入城安輯之，勿苦郡縣，以敗事也。」留梭魯忽禿以蒙古軍三千屯守之。辛巳四月，東平糧盡，金行省忙古奔汴，梭魯忽禿邀擊之，斬七千餘級，忙古引數百騎遁去。實入城，建行省，撫其民。先是，郡王帶孫攻洺不下，至是遣石天應拔之。五月，還軍野狐嶺。宋漣水忠義統轄石珪來降，以為濟、兗、單三州都總管，予繡衣玉帶，勞之曰：「汝不憚跋涉數千里，慕義而來，尋當列奏，賜汝高爵，爾其勉之。」京東安撫使張琳皆來降，以琳行山東東路益都滄景濱棣等州都元帥府事。鄭遵亦以棗鄉、蓧縣降，升為元州，以遵為節度使，行元帥府事。

Jin forces were then encamped at Huanglinggang, said to number two hundred thousand, and sent twenty thousand infantry to raid Jinan. Muqali routed them with five hundred light troops. He then joined the main army and closed on Huanglinggang. The Jin army drew up on the south bank of the river, ready to fight to the death. Muqali said, "Long weapons will not work here. We must win with short weapons." He ordered the cavalry to dismount, draw their bows full, and shoot together, then dismounted himself to direct the fight. The Jin force was routed and many drowned. He advanced to attack Qiuqiu. Qiuqiu was small but strong and surrounded by water on all sides. He ordered the troops to fill the moat with brush and timber and reach the walls. Yan Shi's men were first over the wall and the city was taken. He took Danzhou and besieged Dongping, making Yan Shi acting Shandong West Circuit Secretariat. He warned him, "When Dongping runs out of food they will flee. Wait until they leave, then enter and pacify the city. Do not harass the counties or you will ruin everything." He left Soluqutu with three thousand Mongol troops to garrison it. In the fourth month of xinsi, Dongping ran out of food. The Jin Secretariat Manggu fled to Bianjing. Soluqutu intercepted him, killed more than seven thousand men, and Manggu escaped with only a few hundred riders. Yan Shi entered the city, set up a Secretariat, and pacified the people. Earlier Prince Toqto had failed to take Mingzhou; he now sent Shi Tianying, who captured it. In the fifth month the army returned to Yehuling. Shi Gui, commander of the Righteousness militia at Lianshui under the Song, surrendered. Muqali appointed him Grand Commander of Ji, Yan, and Shan prefectures, granted him brocade robes and a jade belt, and encouraged him: "You have traveled thousands of li without flinching, drawn by loyalty to our cause. I shall soon petition the throne to reward you with high office. Do your utmost." Jingdong Pacification Commissioner Zhang Lin surrendered as well. Zhang Lin was put in charge of the eastern Shandong Grand Marshal headquarters at Yidu, Cang, Jing, Bin, Di, and neighboring prefectures. Zheng Zun also submitted Zaoxiang and Diaoxian. The district was raised to Yuan Prefecture, and Zheng Zun was made Military Commissioner with authority over the Grand Marshal headquarters.

秋八月，從駐青冢，監國公主遣使來勞，大饗將士，由東勝渡河，西夏國李王請以兵五萬屬焉。冬十月，復由雲中歷太和寨，入葭州，金將王公佐遁，以石天應權行臺兵馬都元帥。進取綏德，破馬蹄寨，距延安三十里止舍。金行省完顏合達出兵三萬陣於城東，蒙古不花以騎三千覘之，馳報曰：「彼見吾兵少，有輕敵心，明日合戰，當佯敗，可以伏兵取勝也。」從之。夜半以大軍銜枚齊進，伏於城東十五里兩谷間。明日，蒙古不花進兵，望見金兵，即棄鼓旗走。金兵果追之，伏發，鼓聲震天地，萬矢齊下，金兵大敗，斬七千級，獲馬八百。合達走保延安，圍之旬日，不下，乃南徇洛川，克鄜州。

In the eighth month, Muqali followed the khan's camp at Qingzhong. The Regency Princess sent envoys with gifts for the army, and he held a great feast for his officers and men. Crossing the river from Dongsheng, Prince Li of Western Xia offered fifty thousand troops to serve under him. In the tenth month he again marched from Yunzhong through Taihe Stockade into Jia Prefecture. The Jin general Wang Gongzuo fled, and Shi Tianying was made acting Cavalry Grand Marshal of the Secretariat. He advanced on Suide, captured Matai Stockade, and encamped thirty li from Yan'an. Jin Secretariat Wanyan Heda drew up thirty thousand men east of the city. Mongol Buka rode out with three thousand cavalry to scout and sent word back: "The enemy sees how few we are and will fight carelessly. Tomorrow we should pretend to flee in battle; then our ambush can finish them." Muqali agreed. At midnight the main army moved up in silence and hid in two valleys fifteen li east of the city. The next day Mongol Buka advanced, and as soon as he sighted the Jin army he dropped drums and banners and fled. The Jin force pursued as expected. The ambush struck, drums thundered, and arrows fell in sheets. The Jin army was routed: seven thousand were killed and eight hundred horses taken. Heda fled into Yan'an. After a ten-day siege failed to take the city, Muqali turned south through Luochuan and captured Fu Prefecture.

北京權帥石天應擒送金驍將張鐵槍，木華黎責其不降，厲聲答曰：「我受金朝厚恩二十餘年，今事至此，有死而已！」木華黎義之，欲解其縛，諸將怒其不屈，竟殺之。遂降坊州，大饗士卒。聞金復取隰州，以軒成為經略使，於是復由丹州渡河圍隰，克之。留合醜統蒙古軍鎮石、隰間，以田雄權元帥府事。壬午秋七月，令蒙古不花引兵出秦隴，以張聲勢。視山川險夷，大兵道雲中，攻下孟州四蹄寨，遷其民於州。拔晉陽義和寨，進克三清巖，入霍邑山堡，遷其人於趙城縣。薄青龍堡，金平陽公胡天作拒守，裨將薄察定住、監軍王和開壁降，遷天作於平陽。

Shi Tianying, acting commander of Beijing, captured the fierce Jin general Zhang Tieqiang and brought him in. Muqali rebuked him for refusing to submit. Zhang answered boldly: "The Jin court showed me favor for more than twenty years. Now that it has come to this, I ask only to die!" Muqali admired his loyalty and wanted to free him, but the other generals, enraged by his defiance, killed him anyway. Fang Prefecture then surrendered, and Muqali held a great feast for his troops. Learning that the Jin had retaken Xi Prefecture and put Xuan Cheng in charge as Pacification Commissioner, he crossed the river again from Dan Prefecture, besieged Xi, and captured it. He left Hechou with Mongol troops to guard the region between Shi and Xi, and put Tian Xiong in charge of the Grand Marshal headquarters. In the seventh month of renwu, Muqali ordered Mongol Buka to march into Qin and Long to make a show of force. After surveying the terrain, the main army went by way of Yunzhong, took Siti Stockade in Meng Prefecture, and resettled its people in the prefectural seat. He captured Yihe Stockade at Jinyang, took Sanqing Cliff, seized the mountain fort at Huoyi, and moved its inhabitants to Zhaocheng County. At Qinglong Fort, Hu Tianzuo, Prince of Pingyang, held out against him, but his subordinates Bocha Dingzhu and the supervisory commissioner Wang He opened the gates and surrendered. Hu Tianzuo was sent to Pingyang.

八月，有星晝見，隱士喬靜真曰：「今觀天象，未可征進。」木華黎曰：「主上命我平定中原，今河北雖平，而河南、秦、鞏未下，若因天象而不進兵，天下何時而定耶？且違君命，得為忠乎！」冬十月，過晉至絳，拔榮州胡瓶堡，所至望風歸附，河中久為金有，至是復來歸。木華黎召石天應謂曰：「蒲為河東要害，我擇守者，非君不可。」乃以天應權河東南北路陜右關西行臺，平陽李守忠、太原攸哈剌拔都、隰州田雄，並受節制。命天應造浮梁，以濟歸師，乃渡河拔同州，下蒲城，徑趨長安。金京兆行省完顏合達擁兵二十萬固守，不下。乃分麾下兀胡乃、太不花兵六千屯守之。遣按赤將兵三千斷潼關，遂西擊鳳翔。月餘不下，謂諸將曰：「吾奉命專征，不數年取遼西、遼東、山東、河北，不勞余力；前攻天平、延安，今攻鳳翔皆不下，豈吾命將盡耶！」乃駐兵渭水南，遣蒙古不花南越牛嶺關，徇宋鳳州而還。

In the eighth month a star appeared in daylight. The recluse Qiao Jingzhen said, "The heavens now warn against advancing." Muqali replied, "The khan ordered me to pacify the Central Plains. Hebei is secure, but Henan, Qin, and Gong still hold out. If we halt every time the sky sends a sign, when will the empire ever be settled? And would it be loyal to disobey our lord's command?" In the tenth month he marched through Jin to Jiang and took Huping Fort in Rong Prefecture. Everywhere he went, cities surrendered at the first approach. Hedong, long held by the Jin, now submitted once more. Muqali summoned Shi Tianying and told him, "Pu is the linchpin of eastern Hedong. I can find no one better than you to hold it." He then made Shi Tianying acting chief of the east Hedong and Shaanxi-west Guanxi Secretariat, with Li Shouzhong at Pingyang, Yohaqar Badu at Taiyuan, and Tian Xiong at Xi Prefecture all under his authority. Muqali ordered Tianying to build a pontoon bridge for the returning army, then crossed the river himself, took Tong Prefecture and Pucheng, and pushed straight toward Chang'an. Wanyan Heda of the Jin Jingzhao Secretariat held the city with two hundred thousand men and could not be dislodged. Muqali left six thousand men under Uhuni and Taibuhua to keep the siege. He sent Aqchi with three thousand men to seal Tong Pass, then marched west against Fengxiang. After more than a month the city still held. He told his generals, "I was sent to conquer on my own. In only a few years I took Liaoxi, Liaodong, Shandong, and Hebei almost without strain; yet Tianping and Yan'an resisted me before, and now Fengxiang will not fall. Has my time run out?" He then camped south of the Wei River and sent Mongol Buka south over Niuling Pass to raid Feng Prefecture under the Song before returning.

時中條山賊侯七等聚眾十餘萬，伺大兵既西，謀襲河中。石天應遣別將吳權府引兵五百夜出東門，伏兩谷間，戒之曰：「候賊過半，急擊之，我出其前，爾攻其後，可克也。」吳權府醉酒失期，天應戰死。城陷，賊燒毀廬舍，殺掠人民，還走中條。先鋒元帥按察兒邀擊，敗之，斬數萬級，侯七復遁去。木華黎以天應子斡可襲領其眾。癸未春，師還，浮梁未成，顧諸將曰：「橋未畢工，安可坐待乎！」復攻下河西堡寨十餘。三月，渡河，還聞喜縣，疾篤，召其弟帶孫曰：「我為國家助成大業，擐甲執銳垂四十年，東征西討，無復遺恨，第恨汴京未下耳，汝其勉之！」薨，年五十四。厥後太祖親攻鳳翔，謂諸將曰：「使木華黎在，朕不親至此矣。」至治元年，詔封孔溫窟哇推忠效節保大佐運功臣、太師、開府儀同三司、上柱國、魯國王，謚忠宣；木華黎體仁開國輔世佐命功臣、太師、開府儀同三司、上柱國、魯國王，謚忠武。子孛魯嗣。

Meanwhile Hou Qi and other bandits of the Zhongtiao Mountains mustered more than a hundred thousand men. Seeing the main army march west, they planned a strike on Hedong. Shi Tianying sent the detached commander Wu Quanfu with five hundred men out the east gate by night to hide in two valleys. He instructed him: "When more than half the enemy have passed, hit them hard. I will meet them from the front while you fall on their rear, and we shall destroy them." Wu Quanfu got drunk and missed the signal. Shi Tianying was killed in the fighting. The city fell. The bandits burned buildings, slaughtered and looted the people, and withdrew into the Zhongtiao range. Vanguard Grand Marshal Ancar intercepted them, routed the force, and killed tens of thousands. Hou Qi escaped again. Muqali had Shi Tianying's son Woke succeed to his command. In the spring of guiwei, as the army withdrew, the pontoon bridge was still unfinished. Muqali told his generals, "We cannot sit idle while the bridge remains unfinished! He attacked again and captured more than ten fortresses west of the river. In the third month he crossed the river and returned to Wenxi County. Mortally ill, he called his brother Toqto and said, "I have served the state for nearly forty years in armor and at the front, campaigning east and west. I leave nothing undone except the capture of Bianjing. You must finish what I could not." He died at the age of fifty-four. Later, when Genghis Khan personally besieged Fengxiang, he told his generals, "If Muqali were still alive, I would not have had to come myself." In the first year of Zhizhi an edict posthumously enfeoffed Khun-temür as Merit Lord of Loyal Fidelity, Preservation of Greatness, and Assistance to the Dynasty, with the ranks of Grand Preceptor, Grand General with Honored Chancellery, and Upper Pillar of State, as King of Lu, with the posthumous title Zhongxuan; and Muqali as Merit Lord of Benevolent Governance, Founding the State, Assisting the Age, and Aiding Destiny, with the same ranks, as King of Lu, with the posthumous title Zhongwu. His son Boluo succeeded him.

孛魯，沈毅魁傑，寬厚愛人，通諸國語，善騎射，年二十七，入朝行在所。時太祖在西域，夏國主李王陰結外援，蓄異圖，密詔孛魯討之。甲申秋九月，攻銀州，克之，斬首數萬級，獲生口馬駝牛羊數十萬，俘監府塔海，命都元帥蒙古不華將兵守其要害而還。乙酉春，復朝行在所。同知真定府事武仙叛，殺都元帥史天倪，脅居民遁於雙門寨。仙弟質於軍中，挈家逃歸，遣撒寒追及於紫荊關，斬之，命天倪弟天澤代領帥府事。丙戌夏，詔封功臣戶口為食邑，曰十投下，孛魯居其首。

Boluo was grave, resolute, and imposing, generous and humane, fluent in several languages, and an expert archer on horseback. At twenty-seven he presented himself at the khan's mobile court. Genghis Khan was then campaigning in the west. Prince Li of Western Xia was secretly seeking foreign allies and plotting rebellion, and the khan quietly ordered Boluo to suppress him. In the ninth month of jiashen he attacked and captured Yin Prefecture, killing tens of thousands and taking hundreds of thousands of captives and livestock. He seized the supervisory commissioner Tahai, left Grand Marshal Mongol Buka to hold the key points, and returned. In the spring of yiyou he again attended the mobile court. Wu Xian, associate prefect of Zhending, rebelled, killed Grand Marshal Shi Tianni, drove the people before him, and withdrew to Shuangmen Stockade. Wu Xian's brother, held hostage in the Mongol camp, fled home with his family. Boluo sent Saqan in pursuit, caught him at Zijing Pass, and executed him, then put Shi Tianni's brother Tianze in charge of the marshal headquarters. In the summer of bingxu an edict granted registered households as fiefs to the great merit lords, forming the Ten Appanages, with Boluo first among them.

宋將李全陷益都，執元帥張琳送楚州。秋九月，郡王帶孫率兵圍全於益都。冬十二月，孛魯引兵入齊，先遣李喜孫招諭全，全欲降，部將田世榮等不從，殺喜孫。丁亥春三月，全突圍欲走，邀擊大敗之，斬首七千餘級，自相蹂踐溺死不可勝計。夏四月，城中食盡，全降。諸將皆曰：「全勢窮出降，非心服也，今若不誅，後必為患。」孛魯曰：「不然，誅一人易耳。山東未降者尚多，全素得人心，殺之不足以立威，徒失民望。」表聞，詔孛魯便宜處之。乃以全為山東淮南楚州行省，鄭衍德、田世榮副之，郡縣聞風款附，山東悉平。

The Song general Li Quan took Yidu, captured Grand Marshal Zhang Lin, and sent him to Chuzhou. In the ninth month Prince Toqto besieged Li Quan at Yidu. In the twelfth month Boluo entered Qi with his army. He first sent Li Xisun to negotiate Li Quan's surrender. Quan was willing, but his officers Tian Shirong and others refused and killed Xisun. In the third month of dinghai Li Quan tried to break out and flee. Boluo intercepted him, inflicting a crushing defeat: more than seven thousand were killed, and countless others trampled or drowned one another in the rout. In the fourth month, with provisions exhausted, Li Quan surrendered. The generals all said, "Li Quan surrendered only because he was cornered, not because he submits in heart. If we spare him now, he will become a threat later." Boluo replied, "No. Killing one man is easy enough. Many places in Shandong have not yet submitted. Li Quan has long enjoyed the people's trust. Executing him would not make us feared; it would only cost us their goodwill." Boluo reported to the throne, and an edict gave him discretion in the matter. He then appointed Li Quan to the Shandong-Huainan-Chuzhou Secretariat, with Zheng Yande and Tian Shirong as his deputies. Prefectures and counties submitted one after another, and all Shandong was pacified.

子七人：長塔思，次速渾察，次霸都魯，次伯亦難，次野蔑幹，次野不幹，次阿裏乞失。

He had seven sons: Tarsi, Suqunchar, Badar, Boyinaq, Yemiegan, Yebuqan, and Ariqishi.

塔思，一名查剌溫，幼與常兒異，英才大略，綽有祖風。木華黎常曰：「成吾誌必此兒也。」及長，每語必先忠孝，曰：「大丈夫受天子厚恩，當效死行陣間，以圖報稱，安能委靡茍且目前，以隳先世勛業哉！」年十八襲爵，遂至雲中。庚寅秋九月，叛將武仙圍潞州，太宗命塔思救之，仙聞之，退軍十餘里。大兵未至，塔思率十餘騎覘賊形勢，仙恐有伏，不敢犯。塔思曰：「日暮矣，待明旦擊之。」是夜五鼓，金將移剌蒲瓦來襲，我師與戰不利，退守沁南。賊還攻潞州，城陷，主將任存死之。冬十月，帝親征，遣萬戶因只吉臺與塔思復取潞州，仙夜遁，邀擊之，斬首七千餘級，以任存侄代領其眾。十一月，帝攻鳳翔，命塔思守潼關以備金兵。河中自石天應死，復為金有。辛卯，帝親攻拔之，金元帥完顏火燎遁，塔思追斬之。壬辰春，睿宗與金兵相拒於汝、漢間，金步騎二十萬，帝命塔思與親王按赤臺、口溫不花合軍先進渡河，以為聲援。至三峰山，與睿宗兵合。金兵成列，將戰，會大雪，分兵四出，塔思冒矢石先挫其鋒，諸軍繼進，大敗金兵，擒移剌蒲瓦。完顏合達單騎走鈞州，追斬之，遂拔鈞州。三月，帝北還，詔塔思與忽都虎統兵，略定河南，諸郡皆降，惟汴京、歸德、蔡州未下。塔思遣使請曰：「臣之祖父，佐興大業，累著勛伐。臣襲世爵，曾無寸效，去歲復失利上黨，罪當萬死，願分攻汴城一隅，以報陛下。」帝壯其言，命卜之，不利，乃止。癸巳秋九月，從定宗於潛邸，東征，擒金咸平宣撫顏萬奴於遼東。萬奴自乙亥歲率眾保東海，至是平之。

Tarsi, also known as Char Temür, was unlike other boys from childhood — gifted, far-sighted, and very much in the mold of his grandfather. Muqali often said, "This boy will finish what I began." As he grew up he spoke always of loyalty and filial duty. "A man who has received the emperor's great favor," he said, "should die fighting to repay it. How can he drift through life in comfort and squander the honors won by his forebears?" At eighteen he inherited the title and went to Yunzhong. In the ninth month of gengyin the rebel Wu Xian besieged Lu Prefecture. Emperor Taizong ordered Tarsi to relieve the city, and Wu Xian withdrew more than ten li on hearing of his approach. Before the main force arrived, Tarsi rode out with a dozen men to scout the enemy. Wu Xian suspected an ambush and would not engage. Tarsi said, "It is growing late. We shall attack at dawn." That night, at the fifth watch, the Jin general Yelü Puwa launched a surprise attack. Tarsi's force fought poorly and fell back to the south bank of the Qin River. The rebels then turned back on Lu Prefecture. The city fell, and its commander Ren Cun was killed. In the tenth month the emperor marched in person. He sent the myriarch Inzhigetai and Tarsi to retake Lu Prefecture. Wu Xian fled by night, but they intercepted his force and killed more than seven thousand. Ren Cun's nephew was put in command of the garrison. In the eleventh month, as the emperor besieged Fengxiang, he ordered Tarsi to hold Tong Pass against Jin reinforcements. Hedong had returned to Jin control after Shi Tianying's death. In xinmao the emperor took it in person. The Jin marshal Wanyan Huoliao fled, and Tarsi pursued and killed him. In the spring of renchen Emperor Ruizong faced two hundred thousand Jin foot and horse between the Ru and Han rivers. The khan ordered Tarsi, Prince Aqchatai, and Kewen Buka to join forces, cross the river first, and support the main attack. They reached Sanfeng Mountain and united with Ruizong's army. The Jin army drew up for battle just as a heavy snow began. Forces were sent out on four sides. Tarsi charged through arrow and stone fire to break their front, and the other units followed until the Jin force was shattered and Yelü Puwa was taken. Wanyan Heda fled alone toward Jun Prefecture. Tarsi ran him down and killed him, and Jun Prefecture fell. In the third month the emperor withdrew north and ordered Tarsi and Qutuqu to pacify Henan. Every commandery submitted except Bianjing, Guide, and Caizhou. Tarsi sent a petition: "My grandfather and father helped build the empire and won honor after honor in its service. I inherited their rank but have done nothing worthy of it. Last year I failed at Shangdang and deserve death a thousand times over. Grant me one section of the walls of Bian to assault, that I may repay Your Majesty." The emperor was moved by his words and ordered divination, but the omens were bad, so the request was denied. In the ninth month of guisi he accompanied Emperor Dingzong from his princely residence on an eastern campaign and captured the Jin Xianping Pacification Commissioner Yan Wannu in Liaodong. Wannu had held the East Sea region since yihai; now he was finally subdued.

甲午秋七月，朝行在所。時諸王大會，帝顧塔思曰：「先皇帝肇開大業，垂四十年。今中原、西夏、高麗、回鶻諸國皆已臣附，惟東南一隅，尚阻聲教。朕欲躬行天討，卿等以為何如？」群臣未對，塔思對曰：「臣家累世受恩，圖報萬一，正在今日。臣雖駑鈍，願仗天威，掃清淮、浙，何勞大駕親臨不測之地哉！」帝悅曰：「塔思雖年少，英風美績，簡在朕心，終能成我家大事矣。」賜黃金甲、玻璃帶及良弓二十，命與王子曲出總軍南征。乙未冬，拔棗陽。曲出別徇襄、鄧，塔思引兵攻郢。郢瀕漢江，城堅兵精，且多戰艦。塔思命造木筏，遣汶上達魯花赤劉拔都兒將死士五百，乘筏進擊。引騎兵沿岸迎射，大破之，溺死者過半，餘皆走郢，壁堅，不能下，俘生口、馬牛數萬而還。丙申冬十月，復出鄧州，遂至蘄、黃。蘄州遣使獻金帛、牛酒犒師，請曰：「宋小國也，進貢大朝有年矣。惟王以生靈為念。」乃舍之。遂進拔符鎮、六安縣焦家寨。丁酉秋九月，由八柳渡河，入汴京。守臣劉甫置酒大慶殿。塔思曰：「此故金主所居，我人臣也，不可處此。」遂宴於甫家。冬十月，復與口溫不花攻光州，主將黃舜卿降。口溫不花別略黃州。塔思攻大蘇山，斬首數千級，獲生口、牛馬以千數。戊戌春正月，至安慶府，官民皆遁於江東。至北峽關，宋汪統制率兵三千降，遷之尉氏。三月，朝行在所。秋九月，帝宴群臣於行宮，塔思大醉。帝語侍臣曰：「塔思神已逝矣，其能久乎！」冬十二月，還雲中。己亥春三月，薨，年二十八。

In the seventh month of jiawu he attended the mobile court. At a great gathering of the princes, the emperor turned to Tarsi and said, "The late emperor founded this enterprise nearly forty years ago. Today the Central Plains, Western Xia, Goryeo, the Uyghurs, and the rest have all submitted. Only the southeast still stands outside our rule. I mean to lead the punitive campaign myself. What do you advise?" Before the others could speak, Tarsi answered, "My family has owed the throne a debt for generations. If there is any day to repay it, it is today. I may be slow-witted, but let me carry Heaven's authority into Huai and Zhe and clear them. Why should Your Majesty risk yourself in uncertain country?" The emperor was pleased and said, "Tarsi is still young, but his courage and record are already clear to me. In time he will finish the great work of our house." He rewarded him with golden armor, a glass belt, and twenty fine bows, then ordered him and Prince Kochu to lead the southern campaign. That winter, in yiwei, they took Zaoyang. Kochu swept Xiang and Deng on his own while Tarsi marched on Ying. Ying lay on the Han River, strongly walled, well garrisoned, and stocked with warships. Tarsi had rafts built and sent the Wenshang darughachi Liu Badu'er with five hundred picked men to attack by water. Cavalry along the bank showered them with arrows and broke them completely. More than half drowned; the survivors fled into Ying, whose walls held firm. He withdrew with tens of thousands of captives and livestock. In the tenth month of bingshen he marched out of Deng again and pushed as far as Qi and Huang. Qizhou sent tribute of gold, silk, cattle, and wine with a plea: "Song is a small kingdom that has paid tribute to your court for years. Spare the people, we beseech you." Tarsi relented and spared the city. He went on to take Fu garrison and Jiaojia Stockade in Lu'an County. In the ninth month of dingyou he crossed at Baliu and entered Bianjing. The commander Liu Fu prepared a banquet in the Hall of Great Celebration. Tarsi said, "This was the Jin emperor's seat. I am only a subject — I cannot accept hospitality here." He took the feast instead at Liu Fu's home. In the tenth month he again joined Kewen Buka against Guang Prefecture, where the commander Huang Shunqing surrendered. Kewen Buka swept Huang Prefecture on a separate advance. Tarsi stormed Dasu Mountain, killed several thousand men, and took thousands of captives and livestock. In the first month of wuxu he reached Anqing, but officials and townspeople had already fled across the river to the east. At Beixia Pass the Song commander Wang surrendered with three thousand men; Tarsi resettled them at Weishi. In the third month he attended the mobile court. That autumn, at a feast in the traveling palace, Tarsi drank himself into a stupor. The emperor murmured to his attendants, "Tarsi's soul has already left him. How much longer can he last?" In the twelfth month he returned to Yunzhong. He died in the third month of jihai, aged twenty-eight.

子碩篤兒幼，弟速渾察襲。碩篤兒既長，詔別賜民三千戶為食邑，得建國王旗幟，降五品印一、七品印二，付其家臣，置官屬如列侯故事。碩篤兒薨，子忽都華襲。忽都華薨，子忽都帖木兒襲。忽都帖木兒薨，子寶哥襲。寶哥薨，子道童襲。

His son Shudur was still a child, so his younger brother Suqunchar took the title. When Shudur came of age, the court granted him three thousand tax households, royal banners, a fifth-rank and two seventh-rank seals for his household staff, and a full retinue like a feudal lord. When Shudur died, his son Khutua succeeded him. When Khutua died, his son Khudutemur succeeded him. When Khudutemur died, his son Baoge succeeded him. When Baoge died, his son Daotong succeeded him.

速渾察，性嚴厲，賞罰明信，人莫敢犯。與兄塔思從太宗攻鳳翔有功。將兵抵潼關，與金人戰屢捷。既滅金，皇子闊出攻宋棗陽，入郢，速渾察皆與焉。歲己亥，塔思薨，速渾察襲爵，即上京之西阿兒查禿置營，總中都行省蒙古、漢軍。凡他行省監鎮事，必先白之，定其可否，而後上聞。帝嘗遣使至，見其威容凜然，倜儻有奇氣，所部軍士紀綱整肅，還朝以告。帝曰：「真木華黎家兒也。」他國使有至者，每見皆倉皇失次，不能措辭，必慰撫良久，始得盡其所欲言。左右或諫曰：「諸王百司既莫敢越，而復示之以威，使人怖畏，盍少加寬恕以待之。」速渾察曰：「爾言誠是也，然時有不同，寬猛各有所宜施。天下初附，民心未安，萬一守者自縱，事變忽起，悔之晚矣。」尋薨。延祐三年，贈宣忠同德翊運功臣、太師、開府儀同三司、上柱國，追封為東平郡王，謚忠宣。

Suqunchar was stern by nature, his rewards and punishments unmistakable, and no one dared cross him. He and his elder brother Tarsi followed Emperor Taizong against Fengxiang and won distinction. He led troops to Tong Pass and won repeated victories over the Jin. After the fall of Jin he fought in Prince Kuochu's campaigns against Zaoyang and Ying. When Tarsi died in jihai, Suqunchar inherited the title, established his camp at Arqat west of Shangjing, and took command of the Mongol and Han forces of the Central Capital Branch Secretariat. Every supervisory or garrison matter in the other branch secretariats had to be brought to him first for approval before it could be reported to the throne. An imperial envoy who visited him reported back that he cut a formidable figure, carried himself with uncommon ease, and kept his troops in strict order. The emperor said, "He is a true son of Muqali's house." Foreign envoys who came before him were so unnerved they could barely speak; he always had to put them at ease at length before they could say what they had come to say. His attendants sometimes urged him: "The princes and officials already dare not cross you. Why show such severity that envoys tremble before you? A little forbearance would serve better." Suqunchar replied, "You are right — but times differ, and leniency and severity each have their season. The realm has only just submitted and the people are still unsettled. If local officials grow lax, trouble can erupt overnight — and then it will be too late for regret." He died not long after. In Yanyou 3 he was posthumously honored as Meritorious Minister of Loyalty, Shared Virtue, and Support to the Dynasty, Grand Preceptor, Grand Master with Imperial Chariot Privilege, and Pillar of the State, and enfeoffed posthumously as Prince of Dongping with the temple name Zhongxuan.

子四人：曰忽林池，襲王爵；曰乃燕；曰相威；曰撒蠻。相威自有傳。

He had four sons: Hulinci, who inherited the princely title; Naiyan; Xiangwei; and Saman. Xiangwei has a separate biography.

乃燕，性謙和，好學，以賢能稱。速渾察既薨，憲宗擇於諸子，命乃燕襲爵。乃燕力辭曰：「臣有兄忽林池當襲。」帝曰：「朕知之，然柔弱不能勝。」忽林池亦固讓，乃燕頓首涕泣力辭，不得命，既而曰：「若然，則王爵必不敢受，願代臣兄行軍國之事。」於是忽林池襲為國王，事無巨細，必與乃燕謀議，剖決精當，無所擁滯。世祖在潛藩，常與論事。乃燕敷陳大義，又明習典故。世祖謂左右曰：「乃燕後必可大用。」因號之曰薛禪，猶華言大賢也。乃燕雖居顯要，而小心謹畏，每誨群從子弟曰：「先世從太祖皇帝出入矢石間，被堅執銳，斬將搴旗，勤勞四十餘年，遂成功名。以故一家蒙恩深厚，可謂極矣。慎勿驕惰，以墮先王之名，爾曹戒之。」病卒。世祖聞之，為之悲悼。至正八年，贈中奉大夫、遼陽等處行中書省參知政事、護軍，追封魯郡公。子二人：曰碩德，曰伯顏察兒。

Naiyan was modest and gentle, devoted to learning, and widely praised for his ability. After Suqunchar's death, Emperor Möngke chose Naiyan from among the sons to inherit the title. Naiyan refused firmly: "My elder brother Hulinci is the rightful heir." The emperor said, "I know — but he is too soft for the burden." Hulinci refused as well. Naiyan kowtowed and wept but could not change the order. At last he said, "Then I dare not take the title myself. Let me manage military and state affairs in my brother's name." Hulinci took the kingship, and on every matter, large or small, he consulted Naiyan. Their decisions were sharp and nothing piled up unresolved. While Kublai was still heir apparent, he often sought Naiyan's counsel. Naiyan spoke with moral clarity and knew the classics and precedents well. Kublai told his attendants, "Naiyan will be of great use one day." He gave him the name Setsen — "great sage" in Chinese. Though he held high office, Naiyan remained careful and restrained. He often warned the younger kinsmen: "Our forebears followed Genghis Khan through arrow and stone fire, armored and armed, taking enemy banners and generals' heads, laboring more than forty years to win the fame we enjoy. Our house has received imperial favor beyond measure. Do not grow proud or slack and stain the name our forefathers won. Take this to heart." He died of illness. Kublai grieved deeply when he heard the news. In Zhizheng 8 he was posthumously honored as Grand Master for Faithful Service, Assistant Administrator of the Liaoyang Branch Secretariat, and Defender of the Army, and enfeoffed posthumously as Duke of Lu. He had two sons: Shude and Bayancha'er.

霸突魯，從世祖征伐，為先鋒元帥，累立戰功。世祖在潛邸，從容語霸突魯曰：「今天下稍定，我欲勸主上駐驛回鶻，以休兵息民，何如？」對曰：「幽燕之地，龍蟠虎踞，形勢雄偉，南控江淮，北連朔漠。且天子必居中以受四方朝覲。大王果欲經營天下，駐驛之所，非燕不可。」世祖憮然曰：「非卿言，我幾失之。」己未秋，命霸突魯率諸軍由蔡伐宋，且移檄諭宋沿邊諸將，遂與世祖兵合而南，五戰皆捷，遂渡大江，傅於鄂。會憲宗崩於蜀，阿裏不哥構亂和林，世祖北還，留霸突魯總軍務，以待命。世祖至開平，即位，還定都於燕。嘗曰：「朕居此以臨天下，霸突魯之力也。」師還，中統二年卒於軍。大德八年，追贈推誠宣力翊衛功臣、太師、開府儀同三司、上柱國、東平王，謚武靖。夫人帖木倫，昭睿順聖皇后同母兄也。

Baturlu campaigned with Kublai as vanguard marshal and won repeated honors in battle. While still heir apparent, Kublai once said to Baturlu, "The realm is settling down. I mean to urge the khan to halt the court at Qocho and give the armies and people rest. What do you think?" Baturlu answered, "You and Yan lie like a dragon coiled and a tiger crouched — a commanding terrain. They hold the Jiang and Huai to the south and reach the northern steppe. A Son of Heaven must sit at the center to receive tribute from every direction. If you mean to rule the realm, Your Highness, there is no place to fix the court but Yan." Kublai said with a start, "Without your counsel I would have missed the mark." In the autumn of jiwei he ordered Baturlu to lead the armies from Cai against Song and sent proclamations to the Song border commanders. He joined Kublai's force marching south, won five battles in succession, crossed the Yangzi, and closed on Ezhou. Then Möngke died in Sichuan and Ariq Böke rebelled at Karakorum. Kublai withdrew north and left Baturlu in command of the army, awaiting further orders. Kublai reached Kaiping, took the throne, and made Yan his capital. He once said, "I rule the realm from here because of Baturlu." When the army returned, he died in camp in Zhongtong 2. In Dade 8 he was posthumously honored as Meritorious Minister of Sincere Devotion, Proclaimed Strength, and Support and Guard, Grand Preceptor, Grand Master with Imperial Chariot Privilege, Pillar of the State, and Prince of Dongping, with the temple name Wujing. His wife was Lady Temülün. He was the elder uterine brother of Empress Chabi (Zhaorui Shunsheng).

子四人：長安童，次定童，次霸都虎臺；他姬子曰和童，襲國王。安童別有傳。

He had four sons: Antong, Dingtong, and Badu Qutai; and Hetong, a son by a secondary wife, who inherited the kingship. Antong has a separate biography.

只必，幼嗜讀書，習翰墨。至元十四年監東平，官少中大夫，多善政，以清白稱。嘗出家藏書二千餘卷，置東平廟學，使學徒講肄之。尋授嘉議大夫、江南湖北道提刑按察使，改浙西。大德四年入覲，賜金段十匹。明年春卒，年五十一。子三人，皆早喪。自只必除按察使，弟禿不申嗣其職。

Zhibi loved books from childhood and trained in letters. In Zhiyuan 14 he supervised Dongping as Junior Grand Master of the Palace, governing well and earning a reputation for integrity. He donated more than two thousand volumes from his family library to the Dongping temple school for students to study. He was soon made Grand Master for Splendid Counsel and Surveillance Commissioner for Jiangnan Huguang, then transferred to Zhexi. In Dade 4 he attended court and received ten bolts of gold brocade. He died the following spring, aged fifty-one. He had three sons, all of whom died young. When Zhibi became surveillance commissioner, his younger brother Tubushen succeeded him in the office.

禿不申，性淳靖，喜怒不形，知民疾苦，而能以善道之。旱嘗致禱，即雨。歲饑，請於朝，發廩以賑之。睦同僚，興學校。加太中大夫。士民刻石，紀其政績云。卒年五十一。子五人：長不老赤，次塔實脫因，次阿魯灰，次完者不花，次留住馬。皆以次嗣為東平達魯花赤。

Tubushen was plain and steady, never showing anger or pleasure on his face. He understood the people's hardships and knew how to lead them well. Once during a drought he prayed, and rain followed at once. In famine years he petitioned the court to open the granaries for relief. He kept peace among his colleagues and promoted schools. He was promoted to Grand Master of the Palace. Local gentry and townspeople set up a stone inscription recording his achievements. He died at fifty-one. He had five sons: Bulagchi, Tashidetin, Arughui, Ojanbuqa, and Liuzhuma. Each in turn succeeded as darughachi of Dongping.

脫脫，祖嗣國王速渾察，沈深有智略。嘗奉命征討，所向克捷。父撒蠻，幼穎異，自繈褓時，世祖撫育之若子。嘗挾之南征，同舟濟大江，慮其有失，系之禦榻。及長，常侍左右。帝嘗詔之曰：「男女異路，古制也，況掖庭乎。禮不可不肅，汝其司之。」既而近臣孛羅銜命遽出，行失其次。撒蠻怒其違禮，執而囚之別室。帝怪其久不至，詢知其故，命釋其罪。撒蠻因進曰：「令自陛下出，陛下乃自違之，何以責臣下乎？」帝曰：「卿言誠是也。」由是有意大任之。會以疾卒，不果，年僅一十有七。脫脫幼既失怙，其母孛羅海篤意教之，孜孜若恐不及。稍長，直宿衛，世祖復親誨導，尤以嗜酒為戒。既冠，儀觀甚偉。喜與儒士語，每聞一善言善行，若獲拱璧，終身識之不忘。至元二十四年，從征乃顏。帝駐驛於山巔，旌旗蔽野。鼓未作，候者報有隙可乘，脫脫即擐甲率家奴數十人疾馳擊之。眾皆披靡不敢前。帝望見之，大加嗟賞，遣使者勞之，且召還曰：「卿勿輕進，此寇易擒也。」視其刀已折，馬已中箭矣。帝顧謂近臣曰：「撒蠻不幸早死，脫脫幼，朕撫而教之，常恐其不立，今能如此，撒蠻可謂有子矣。」遂親解佩刀及所乘馬賜之。由是深加器重，得預聞機密之事。其後哈丹復為亂，成宗時在潛邸，督師往征之。脫脫引眾率先躍馬蹙之，其眾大潰。脫脫馬陷於淖泥中，哈丹兵復進挑戰，脫脫弟阿老瓦丁奮戈沖擊，遂大敗之。成宗即位，其寵顧為尤篤，常侍禁闥，出入惟謹，退語家人曰：「我昔親承先帝訓，飭令毋嗜飲，今未能絕也。豈有為人知過而不能改者乎！自今以往，家人有以酒至吾前者，即痛懲之。」帝聞之，喜曰：「紥剌兒臺如脫脫者無幾，今能剛制於酒，真可大用矣。」即拜資德大夫、上都留守、通政院使、虎賁衛親軍都指揮使，政令嚴肅，克修其職。三年，朝議以江浙行省地大人眾，非世臣有重望者，不足以鎮之。進拜榮祿大夫、江浙等處行中書省平章政事，有旨，命中書祖道都門外以餞之。始至，嚴飭左右，毋預公家事，且戒其掾屬曰：「仆從有私囑者，慎勿聽。若軍民諸事，有關於利害者，則言之。當言而不言，爾之責也；言而不聽，我之咎也。」聞者為之悚栗。時朱清、張瑄以海運之故，致位參知政事，恃其勢位，多行不法，恐事覺，以黃金五十兩、珠三囊賂脫脫，求蔽其罪。脫脫大怒，系之有司，遣使者以聞。帝喜曰：「脫脫我家老臣之子孫，其志固宜與眾人殊。」賜內府黃金五十兩，命回使寵賚之。有豪民白晝殺人者，脫脫立命有司按法誅之，自是豪猾屏息，民賴以安。帝以浙民相安之久，未及召還，大德十一年，卒於位，年四十四。子朵兒只，別有傳。

Tuotuo's grandfather Suqunchar, who had succeeded to the kingship, was grave and thoughtful, possessed of wisdom and strategic skill. When sent on campaign, he won wherever he marched. His father Saman was unusually gifted even as a child; from infancy Kublai Khan had raised and cared for him as though he were his own son. On one southern campaign he brought the boy along; crossing the great river in the same boat, he tied him to the imperial couch lest he be lost overboard. Once he came of age, he was constantly at the emperor's side. The emperor once told him, "Men and women must keep to separate paths — that is ancient law, and all the more so within the inner palace. Decorum must be strictly maintained. You are to enforce it." Soon afterward a close attendant named Boluo, carrying orders, rushed out in violation of the proper sequence. Saman, furious at this breach of protocol, seized him and confined him in a separate room. The emperor wondered why Boluo had not returned and, on learning what had happened, ordered him released. Saman then stepped forward and said, "The rule came from Your Majesty, yet Your Majesty now breaks it yourself — how can you hold your officials accountable?" The emperor replied, "What you say is quite right." From that point on he meant to entrust Saman with weighty duties. But Saman died of illness before this could happen; he was only seventeen. Tuotuo lost his father while still a boy; his mother Boroqai devoted herself to his education, teaching him tirelessly as though she could never do enough. As he grew he entered palace guard service, and Kublai again tutored him in person, above all warning him against drunkenness. When he came of age his presence was strikingly handsome and imposing. He loved to talk with Confucian scholars; every worthy word or deed he heard he treasured like a ceremonial jade, and never forgot it as long as he lived. In the twenty-fourth year of the Zhiyuan era he took part in the campaign against Prince Nayan. The emperor encamped at a post station on a mountain summit; banners and standards blanketed the countryside. Before the drums had even sounded, scouts reported an opening; Tuotuo at once donned armor, led several dozen household retainers, and charged. The enemy ranks broke and none dared press forward. The emperor saw him from afar and was deeply impressed; he sent an envoy to commend him and recalled him, saying, "Do not advance rashly — these rebels are easily taken." He saw that Tuotuo's blade was broken and his horse had already been hit by arrows. The emperor turned to his attendants and said, "Saman died young, and Tuotuo is still a boy. I raised and taught him, always fearing he would not amount to anything — yet now he has shown himself like this. Saman may be said to have left a worthy son." He then personally removed his own belt-sword and the horse he was riding and gave them to Tuotuo. Thereafter the emperor placed great trust in him and admitted him to confidential deliberations. Later, when Khadan rebelled again, Chengzong — then still heir apparent — took command of the army sent to suppress him. Tuotuo led the vanguard, spurring his horse forward to close on the enemy, and put their forces to rout. When Tuotuo's horse sank into boggy mud, Khadan's troops pressed the attack; Tuotuo's younger brother Alawadin charged with his halberd and drove them to a great defeat. When Chengzong took the throne, his favor toward Tuotuo was especially warm; Tuotuo served constantly within the inner palace, ever cautious in coming and going. In private he told his household, "I once received the late emperor's instruction never to indulge in wine, yet I still have not broken the habit entirely. Can a man who knows his fault yet fail to mend it? From this day forward, if anyone in my household brings wine into my presence, punish him severely." When the emperor heard this he said with delight, "Among the Jalair there are few men like Tuotuo. That he can now master his taste for wine shows he is truly fit for high office." Tuotuo was at once appointed Grand Master for Promotion of Virtue, Keeper of the Upper Capital, Commissioner of the Bureau of Transmission, and Commander-in-Chief of the Tiger Garrison Imperial Guard. His orders were strict and he discharged every duty. In the third year of his reign the court decided that the Jiangzhe Branch Secretariat was too vast and populous to be governed by anyone less than a hereditary minister of the highest standing. He was promoted to Grand Master for Glorious Emolument and Pingzhang of the Jiangzhe Branch Secretariat, and the emperor ordered the Central Secretariat to hold a farewell ceremony for him outside the capital gate. As soon as he arrived he strictly forbade his staff to meddle in official business on others' behalf, and warned his secretaries, "If any servant brings a private request, do not listen. But if any matter affecting soldiers or civilians, for good or ill, comes to your attention, speak of it. If you should speak and do not, that is your fault; if you speak and I do not listen, that is mine." All who heard him were shaken with awe. Zhu Qing and Zhang Xuan had risen to vice grand councillor on the strength of the sea-transport monopoly; abusing their power they committed many illegal acts, and fearing discovery they offered Tuotuo fifty taels of gold and three bags of pearls to cover their crimes. Tuotuo was furious; he had them arrested and handed over to the courts, then reported the matter to the throne. The emperor said with pleasure, "Tuotuo is the descendant of a long-serving minister of our house — it is only fitting that his integrity should set him apart from ordinary men." He was rewarded with fifty taels of gold from the palace treasury, and the returning envoy was ordered to convey the imperial favor. When a local bully murdered a man in broad daylight, Tuotuo ordered him executed at once by due process of law; thereafter the violent and lawless fell silent, and the people lived in peace. Because the people of Zhejiang had prospered under his rule, the emperor had not yet recalled him; in the eleventh year of the Dade era he died in office at the age of forty-four. His son Dorji is treated in a separate biography.

○博爾術

Bo'orchu

博爾術，阿兒剌氏。始祖孛端察兒，以才武雄朔方。父納忽阿兒闌，與烈祖神元皇帝接境，敦睦鄰好。博爾術誌意沈雄，善戰知兵，事太祖於潛邸，共履艱危，義均同氣，征伐四出，無往不從。時諸部未寧，博爾術每警夜，帝寢必安枕。寓直於內，語及政要，或至達旦。君臣之契，猶魚水也。初，要兒斤部卒盜牧馬，博爾術與往追之，時年十三，知眾寡不敵，乃出奇從旁夾擊之，盜舍所掠去。即戰於大赤兀裏，兩軍相接，下令殊死戰，跬步勿退。博爾術系馬於腰，跽而引滿，分寸不離故處，太祖嘉其勇膽。又嘗潰圍於怯列，太祖失馬，博爾術擁帝累騎餌馳，頓止中野。會天雨雪，失牙帳所在，臥草澤中，與木華黎張氈裘以蔽帝，同夕植立，足跡不移，及旦，雪深數尺，遂免於難。篾裏期之戰，亦以風雪迷陣，再入敵中，求太祖不見，急趨輜重，則帝已還臥憩車中，聞博爾術至，曰：「聰天贊我也。」丙寅歲，太祖即皇帝位，君臣之分益密，嘗從容謂博爾術及木華黎曰：「今國內平定，多汝等之力，我之與汝，猶車之有轅，身之有臂，汝等宜體此勿替。」遂以博爾術及木華黎為左右萬戶，各以其屬翊衛，位在諸將上。皇鬃察哈歹出鎮西域，有旨從博爾術受教，博爾術教以人生經涉險阻，必獲善地，她過無輕舍止。太祖謂皇子曰：「朕之教汝，亦不逾是。」未幾，賜廣平路戶一亡七千三百有奇為分地。以老病薨，太祖痛悼之。大德五年，贈推忠協謀佐運功臣、太師、開府儀同三司，追封廣平王，謚武忠。

Bo'orchu belonged to the Arlat clan. The clan's founding ancestor Borte Chino had made himself a power in the north through talent and arms. His father Naghu Arlan lived on the border of the domain of the Liezu Shenyuan Emperor and kept cordial relations with his neighbors. Bo'orchu was steadfast and formidable, skilled in war and versed in military affairs. He served Genghis Khan in his years of struggle, sharing every hardship as though they were brothers by blood; on campaign after campaign he was always at the khan's side. While the tribes were still unsettled, Bo'orchu stood guard every night so that the khan could sleep in peace. On duty within the palace, he and the khan would discuss affairs of state until dawn. The bond between lord and minister was like fish and water. Once, when a Yirkin tribesman stole horses from the herd, Bo'orchu joined the pursuit. He was only thirteen, but seeing they were outnumbered he launched a flanking attack by surprise; the thieves dropped their loot and fled. They fought at once at Da Chi'wuli. As the two forces clashed he ordered a fight to the death — not one step back. Bo'orchu tethered his horse to his belt, knelt, and drew his bow to the full, never shifting a foot from his post; Genghis Khan praised his courage. On another occasion, when they broke out of an encirclement at Qilie, the khan lost his mount; Bo'orchu shielded him, changing horses in relays at a gallop until they halted in the open country. Snow began to fall and they lost track of the camp. Lying in the marsh grass, Bo'orchu and Muqali spread felt cloaks to shelter the khan; all night they stood in place without shifting their feet, and by dawn the snow lay several feet deep — thus they escaped harm. At the battle against the Merkits, wind and snow again blinded the field. Bo'orchu plunged back into the enemy ranks searching for the khan; not finding him, he raced toward the baggage train — the khan was already resting in his carriage. When he heard Bo'orchu had come, he said, "Heaven itself has sent him to aid me." In the bingyin year Genghis Khan took the imperial throne, and the bond between ruler and minister grew closer still. He once said calmly to Bo'orchu and Muqali, "The realm is now at peace — largely through your efforts. You are to me what the yoke-bar is to a cart, what the arms are to a body — hold to that and never fall short." He then appointed Bo'orchu and Muqali the Left and Right Myriarchs, each commanding his own followers as a personal guard, with rank above all other commanders. When Imperial Prince Zongchahadai was sent to govern the Western Regions, an edict directed him to learn from Bo'orchu. Bo'orchu taught him that in a life of hardship one must secure good ground and never lightly halt along the way. Genghis Khan told his sons, "What I teach you goes no further than this." Not long afterward Bo'orchu was granted more than seventeen thousand three hundred registered households in Guangping Circuit as his fief. He died of old age and illness, and Genghis Khan mourned him deeply. In the fifth year of the Dade era he was posthumously granted the title Meritorious Minister of Loyal Counsel and Dynastic Service, Grand Preceptor, and Grand Master of the Palace with honors equal to the Three Ducal Ministers; he was posthumously enfeoffed as Prince of Guangping with the posthumous name Wuzhong.

子孛欒臺，襲爵萬戶，贈推誠宣力保順功臣、太師、開府儀同三司，追封圭平王，謚忠定。孫玉昔帖木兒。

His son Bolotai inherited the myriarchy and was posthumously granted the title Meritorious Minister of Sincere Service and Loyal Strength, Grand Preceptor, and Grand Master of the Palace with honors equal to the Three Ducal Ministers; he was posthumously enfeoffed as Prince of Guiping with the posthumous name Zhongding. His grandson was Usutai Temür.

玉昔帖木兒，世祖時嘗寵以不名，賜號月呂魯那演，猶華言能官也。弱冠襲爵，統按臺部眾，器量宏達，莫測其際。世祖聞其賢，驛召赴闕，見其風骨龐乎，解御服銀貂賜之。時重太官內膳之選，特命領其事。侍宴內殿，玉昔帖木兒起性酒，詔諸王妃皆為答禮。至元十二年，拜御史大夫。時江南既定，益封功臣後，遂賜全州清湘縣戶為分地。其在中臺，務振宏綱，弗親細故。興利之臣欲援金就制，並憲司入漕府；當政者又請以郡府之吏，互照憲司檢底。玉昔帖木兒曰：「風憲所以戢奸，若是，有傷監臨之體。」其議乃沮。遇事廷辯，吐辭鯁直，誓祖每為之霽威。

In Kublai Khan's reign Usutai Temür was so favored that the emperor addressed him by title rather than by name, granting him the style Yebulun Nayin — "capable minister" in Chinese. He inherited the title while still young and took command of the Aitai tribesmen; his breadth of mind was so great that none could measure it. Kublai, hearing of his merit, summoned him urgently to court; struck by his imposing presence, the emperor removed his own silver-sable court robe and gave it to him. At that time the post overseeing the imperial kitchen was held in high regard, and he was specially appointed to it. At a banquet in the inner hall Usutai Temür offered a toast, and an edict commanded every imperial consort to return the courtesy. In the twelfth year of the Zhiyuan era he was appointed Censor-in-Chief. After the south had been pacified, meritorious families were further enfeoffed, and he received the registered households of Qingxiang County in Quanzhou Circuit. At the Central Censorate he worked to uphold the great principles of oversight and did not involve himself in petty details. Profit-seeking officials proposed reviving a Jin-dynasty practice and folding the censorate into the grain-transport bureau; while others in power asked that prefectural clerks be allowed to cross-check the censorate's files. Usutai Temür said, "The censorate exists to curb wrongdoing — to do this would destroy its authority as an overseer." The proposal was abandoned. When he argued matters before the throne his speech was blunt and forthright, yet Kublai each time softened his anger on his account.

至元二十四年，宗王乃顏叛東鄙，世祖躬行天討，命總戎者先之。世祖至半道，玉昔帖木兒已退敵，僵屍覆野，數旬之間，三戰三捷，獲乃顏以獻。詔選誠輿橐駝百蹄勞之。謝曰：「天威所臨，猶風偃草，臣何力之有。」世祖還，留籲昔帖木兒剿其餘黨，乃執其酋金家奴以獻，戮其同惡數人於軍前。明年，乃顏之遺孽哈丹禿魯幹復叛，再命出師，兩與之遇，皆敗之，追及兩河，其眾大衄，遂遁。時已盛冬，聲言俟春方進，乃倍道兼行過黑龍江，搗其巢穴，殺戮殆盡。哈丹禿魯幹莫知所終，夷其城，撫其民而還。詔賜內府七寶冠帶以旌之，加太傅、開府儀同三司。申命禦邊杭海。二十九年，加錄軍國重事、知樞密院事。宗王帥臣咸稟命焉。特賜步輦入內。位望之崇，廷臣無出其右。

In the twenty-fourth year of the Zhiyuan era Prince Nayan rebelled in the eastern frontier; Kublai personally led the punitive campaign and ordered the field commander to go ahead. Before Kublai had even reached the front, Usutai Temür had already routed the rebels; the dead lay thick upon the field. Within a few weeks he fought three battles and won three victories, captured Nayan, and presented him to the throne. An edict granted him one hundred tribute camels as a reward. He declined, saying, "Where the emperor's majesty falls, rebels scatter like grass before the wind — what credit is mine?" Kublai returned and left Usutai Temür to mop up the remnants; he captured their chieftain Jin Jianu, presented him to the throne, and executed several of his accomplices before the army. The following year Nayan's surviving follower Khadan Tulukhan rebelled again; Usutai Temür was once more sent out, met him twice and defeated him both times, pursued him to the Two Rivers, and put his forces to rout. It was already deep winter; he announced that he would wait until spring to advance, then marched by forced stages across the Amur, struck their stronghold, and slaughtered them almost to the last man. Khadan Tulukhan vanished without trace; Usutai Temür razed their stronghold, pacified the people, and returned. An edict awarded him an imperial crown and belt studded with seven kinds of jewels, and promoted him to Grand Tutor and Grand Master of the Palace with honors equal to the Three Ducal Ministers. He was again ordered to defend the coastal frontier at Hangzhou. In the twenty-ninth year he was further appointed Recorder of Important State Affairs and Director of the Privy Council. Princes and field commanders alike took their orders from him. He was specially granted a palanquin for entering the inner palace. In rank and prestige no minister at court stood above him.

三十年，成宗以皇孫撫軍北邊，玉昔帖木兒輔行，請授皇孫以儲闈舊璽，詔從之。三十一年，世祖崩，皇孫南還。宗室諸王會於上都。定策之際，玉昔帖木兒起謂晉王甘麻剌曰：「宮車晏駕，已逾三月，神器不可久虛，宗祧不可乏主。疇昔儲闈符璽既有所歸，王為宗盟之長，奚俟而不言。」甘麻剌遽曰：「皇帝踐祚，願北面事之。」於是宗親大臣合辭勸進，玉昔帖木兒復坐，曰：「大事已定，吾死且無憾。」皇孫遂即位。進秩太師，賜以尚方玉帶寶服，還鎮北邊。元貞元年冬，議邊事入朝，兩宮錫宴，如家人禮。賜其妻禿忽魯宴服，及他珍寶。十一月，以疾薨。大德五年，詔贈宣忠同德弼亮功臣，依前太師、開府儀同三司、錄軍國重事、御史大夫，追封廣平王，謚曰貞憲。

In the thirtieth year Chengzong led the imperial grandson to garrison the northern frontier; Usutai Temür accompanied the expedition and asked that the heir be entrusted with the former seal of the crown prince — and the edict granted his request. In the thirty-first year of his reign Kublai Khan died, and the imperial grandson marched south. The princes of the imperial clan gathered at Shangdu. When the succession was being decided, Usutai Temür stood and addressed Prince Ganmala of Jin: "The emperor has been dead more than three months. The throne cannot remain vacant, nor the ancestral line without a ruler. The heir's seal was settled long ago, and you are chief among the princes — why hold your tongue any longer?" Ganmala replied at once, "When the emperor ascends the throne, I shall gladly serve him as his vassal." Then the royal kinsmen and senior ministers jointly pressed the heir to take the throne. Usutai Temür sat down again and said, "The great matter is settled; I can die without regret." The imperial grandson then took the throne. Usutai Temür was promoted to Grand Preceptor, given the imperial jade belt and ceremonial robes, and sent back to command the northern frontier. In the winter of the first year of the Yuanzhen era he came to court to discuss frontier affairs; the empress dowager and the emperor both held banquets for him with the ease of family. They also gave his wife Tuhulu court robes and other treasures. In the eleventh month he died of illness. In the fifth year of the Dade era an edict posthumously honored him as Meritorious Minister of Loyal Devotion, Shared Virtue, and Bright Assistance, confirmed his former ranks of Grand Preceptor, Grand Master of the Palace with honors equal to the Three Ducal Ministers, Recorder of Important State Affairs, and Censor-in-Chief, enfeoffed him posthumously as Prince of Guangping, and gave him the posthumous name Zhenxian.

子三人：木剌忽，仍襲爵為萬戶；次脫憐；次脫脫哈，為御史大夫。 ○博爾忽

He had three sons: Mulahu, who inherited the title and became a commander of ten thousand; next Tuolian; and next Tuotuha, who became Censor-in-Chief. ○ Borokhula

博爾忽，許兀慎氏，事太祖為第一千戶，歿於敵。子脫歡襲職，從憲宗四征不庭，有拓地功。子失裏門，鎮僥外，從征六詔等城，亦歿於兵。

Borokhula of the Xu'ursen clan served Genghis Khan as commander of the first thousand and died fighting the enemy. His son Tuohuan succeeded to the office and followed Möngke Khan on four campaigns against recalcitrant foes, winning distinction for expanding the realm. His son Shirimen guarded the outer marches, campaigned against the Six Zhao and other cities, and likewise fell in battle.

子月赤察兒，性仁厚勤儉，事母以孝聞。資貌英偉，望之如神。世祖雅聞其賢，且閔其父之死，年十六，召見。帝見其容止端重，奏對詳明，喜而謂曰：「失烈門有子矣。」即命領四怯薛太官。至元十七年，長一怯薛。明年詔曰：「月赤察兒秉心忠實，執事敬慎，知無不言，言無不盡，曉暢朝章，言輒稱旨，不可以其年少而弗升其官。可代線真為宣徽使。」

His son Yechi Cha'er was humane, generous, diligent, and frugal, and was renowned for his devotion to his mother. He was tall and commanding in bearing; seen from afar he seemed almost otherworldly. Kublai Khan had long heard of his talents and, moved by pity for his father's death in battle, summoned him at the age of sixteen. The emperor found his deportment grave and his answers clear and thorough, and said with pleasure, "Shirimen has left a worthy son." He immediately appointed him to head the imperial kitchen of the four kheshig guards. In the seventeenth year of the Zhiyuan era he became chief of one kheshig guard. The following year an edict declared, "Yechi Cha'er is loyal at heart and careful in office; he speaks out on whatever he knows and holds nothing back; he understands court procedure and his counsel always accords with the throne's intent — his youth must not keep him from advancement. Let him replace Xianzhen as Commissioner of the Palace Provisioners."

二十六年，帝討叛者於杭海，眾皆陣，月赤察兒奏曰：「丞相安童、伯顏，御史大夫月呂祿，皆已受命征戰，三人者臣不可以後之。今賊逆命，敢禦天戈，惟陛下憐臣，使臣一戰。」帝曰：「乃祖博爾忽，佐我太祖，無征不在，無戰不克，其功大矣。卿以為安童輩與爾家同功一體，各立戰功，自恥不逮。然親屬橐，恭衛朝夕，爾功非小，何必身踐行伍，手事斬馘，乃快爾心耶！」

In the twenty-sixth year the emperor marched against rebels at Hang Hai and every commander took the field. Yechi Cha'er memorialized, "Chancellor An Tong, Bayan, and Censor-in-Chief Yebulun have all already been ordered to campaign — I cannot let myself lag behind them. The rebels now defy the throne and dare to meet the imperial army. I beg Your Majesty to grant me leave to fight." The emperor replied, "Your ancestor Borokhula served our Taizu in every campaign and won every battle — his merit was immense. You feel that men like An Tong share your family's record of service and that each of you must earn his own glory on the battlefield — and you are ashamed to fall short. Yet you serve in the imperial guard at the emperor's side day and night — that service is no small thing. Must you yourself march in the ranks and take heads with your own hand before you can be content?"

二十七年，桑哥既立尚書省，殺異己者，箝天下口，以刑爵為貨，既而紀綱大紊。尚書平章政事也速答兒，太官屬也，潛以其事白月赤察兒，請奏劾之。桑哥伏誅，帝曰：「月赤察兒口伐大奸，發其蒙蔽。」乃以沒入桑哥黃金四百兩、白金三千五百兩，及水田、水硙、別墅賞其清強。桑哥既敗，帝以湖廣行省西連番洞諸蠻，南接交趾島夷，延袤數千里，其間土沃人稠，畬丁、溪子善驚好鬥，思得賢方伯往撫安之。月赤察兒舉哈剌哈孫答剌罕以為行省平章政事，凡八年，威德交孚，洽於海外；入為丞相，天下稱賢。世以月赤察兒為知人。二十八年，都水使者請鑿渠西導白浮諸水，經都城中，東入潞河，則江淮之舟既達廣濟渠，可直泊於都城之匯。帝亟欲其成，又不欲役其細民，敕四怯薛人及諸府人專其役，度其高深，畫地分賦之，刻日使畢工。月赤察兒率其屬，著役者服，操畚鍤，即所賦以倡。趨者雲集，依刻而渠成，賜名曰通惠河，公私便之。帝語近臣曰：「是渠非月赤察兒身率眾手，成不速也。」成宗即位，制曰：「月赤察兒盡其誠力，深其謀議，抒忠於國，流惠於人，可加開府儀同三司、太保、錄軍國重事、樞密、宣徽使。」大德四年，拜太師。

In the twenty-seventh year Sangha had established the Ministry of Revenue, killed his opponents, silenced criticism across the empire, and sold punishments and offices for profit, until law and order collapsed. Yesudar, a Vice Minister of the Ministry of Revenue who also served in the imperial kitchen, secretly informed Yechi Cha'er and asked him to memorialize for Sangha's impeachment. After Sangha was executed the emperor said, "Yechi Cha'er spoke out against the great villain and stripped away his deceptions." He was rewarded with four hundred taels of gold and three thousand five hundred taels of silver confiscated from Sangha, along with irrigated fields, water mills, and country estates, in recognition of his integrity and vigor. After Sangha's downfall the emperor noted that the Huguang Branch Secretariat bordered the cave-dwelling tribes in the west and Jiaozhi and the island peoples in the south across thousands of li of fertile, densely settled country, where She tribesmen and stream-dwellers were quick to rise and eager to fight, and he sought a capable governor to pacify the region. Yechi Cha'er recommended Hala Hasun Darqan as Vice Minister of the Branch Secretariat; for eight years his authority and kindness won trust as far as the overseas territories; then he entered court as chancellor, and all the realm praised his worth. The age regarded Yechi Cha'er as a man who knew how to recognize talent. In the twenty-eighth year the Commissioner of Waterways proposed digging a canal to divert the Baifu waters and other streams westward through the capital and east into the Lu River, so that Yangtze and Huai shipping, once it reached the Guangji Canal, could berth directly at the capital. The emperor wanted it finished quickly but refused to press the common people into service, so he ordered the four kheshig guards and officials of the various bureaus to carry out the work, measured the terrain, divided the ground into assignments, and set a deadline for completion. Yechi Cha'er led his men in laborers' dress, spade and mattock in hand, and at his assigned stretch of the canal worked at the front. Workers flocked to the site; the canal was finished on schedule, named the Tonghui River, and proved a boon to public and private alike. The emperor told his close advisers, "Had Yechi Cha'er not worked the canal with his own hands at the head of the laborers, it would never have been finished so soon." When Chengzong ascended the throne an edict declared, "Yechi Cha'er has given his full loyalty and wise counsel, serving the state faithfully and bringing benefit to the people. Let him be promoted to Grand Master of the Palace with honors equal to the Three Ducal Ministers, Grand Guardian, Recorder of Important State Affairs, Director of the Privy Council, and Commissioner of the Palace Provisioners." In the fourth year of the Dade era he was appointed Grand Preceptor.

初，金山南北，叛王海都、篤娃據之，不奉正朔垂五十年，時入為寇。嘗命親王統左右部宗王諸帥，屯列大軍，備其沖突。五年，朝議北師少怠，紀律不嚴，命月赤察兒副晉王以督之。是年，海都、篤娃入寇。大軍分為五隊，月赤察兒將其一。鋒既交，頗不利。月赤察兒怒，被甲持矛，身先陷陣，一軍隨之，出敵之背，五軍合擊，大敗之。海都、篤娃遁去，月赤察兒亦罷兵歸鎮。厥後篤娃來請臣附。時武宗亦在軍，月赤察兒遣使詣武宗及諸王將帥議曰：「篤娃請降，為我大利，固當待命於上。然往返再閱月，必失事機。事機一失，為國大患，人民困於轉輸，將士疲於討伐，無有已時矣。篤娃之妻，我弟馬兀合剌之妹也，宜遣使報之，許其臣附。」眾議皆以為允。既遣，始以事聞，帝曰：「月赤察兒深識機宜。」既而馬兀合剌復命，由是叛人稍稍來歸。

For nearly fifty years the rebel princes Qaidu and Duwa had held the country north and south of the Altai, refusing imperial rule and raiding the frontier whenever they could. The court had repeatedly ordered imperial princes to command the princes and generals of the left and right wings, mass troops along the frontier, and guard against their raids. In the fifth year the court decided that the northern armies had grown lax and undisciplined, and ordered Yechi Cha'er to assist the Prince of Jin in restoring order. That year Qaidu and Duwa invaded. The main force was divided into five columns, and Yechi Cha'er led one of them. When the vanguards clashed the battle went badly at first. Enraged, Yechi Cha'er donned armor, seized a spear, and charged at the head of his column; his troops swung behind the enemy, the five columns struck together, and the invaders were routed. Qaidu and Duwa fled, and Yechi Cha'er withdrew his army and returned to his post. Afterward Duwa asked to submit and become a vassal. Wuzong was then with the army, and Yechi Cha'er sent envoys to him and to the princes and commanders with this proposal: "Duwa seeks to surrender — a great gain for us — and we ought in principle to await the throne's command. Yet a round trip would take two months and the moment would be lost. Lose that moment and the state faces grave danger: the people will be drained by supply trains and the troops worn out by endless campaigns. Duwa's wife is the sister of my brother Ma'uqala; we should send envoys to her and accept his submission." The council unanimously approved. Only after the envoys had been dispatched did he report to the throne; the emperor said, "Yechi Cha'er understands the needs of the moment." When Ma'uqala returned with his reply, rebels began gradually to come over.

十年冬，叛王滅裏鐵木兒等屯於金山，武宗帥師出其不意，先逾金山，月赤察兒以諸軍繼往，壓之以威，啖之以利，滅裏鐵木兒乃降。其部人驚潰，月赤察兒遣禿滿鐵木兒、察忽將萬人深入，其部人亦降。察八兒者，海都長子也，海都死，嗣領其眾，至是掩取其部人，凡兩部十餘萬口。至大元年，月赤察兒遣使奏曰：「諸王禿苦滅本懷攜貳，而察八兒遊兵近境，叛黨素無悛心，倘合謀致死，則垂成之功顧為國患。臣以為昔者篤娃先眾請和，雖死，宜遣使安撫其子款徹，使不我異。又諸部既已歸明，我之牧地不足，宜處諸降人於金山之陽，吾軍屯田金山之北，軍食既饒，又成重戍，就彼有謀，吾已搗其腹心矣。」奏入，帝曰：「是謀甚善，卿宜移軍阿答罕三撒海地。」月赤察兒既移軍，察八兒、禿苦滅果欲奔款徹，不見納，去留無所，遂相率來降，於是北邊始寧。

In the winter of the tenth year the rebel prince Melik-Temür and others camped on the Altai. Wuzong led a surprise crossing of the mountains, Yechi Cha'er followed with the main force, and by threat and reward they induced Melik-Temür to surrender. His followers broke in panic; Yechi Cha'er sent Tumen Temür and Chaqu with ten thousand men on a deep raid, and they too submitted. Chabar, Qaidu's eldest son, had succeeded him in command and now seized the surrendered tribesmen — more than one hundred thousand people from two tribes in all. In the first year of the Zhida era Yechi Cha'er memorialized, "Prince Tugtemür has long wavered in loyalty, while Chabar's raiders press the frontier; these rebels have never shown repentance — if they plot together in desperation, our nearly won peace will become a national disaster. I believe that although Duwa, who first sued for peace among them, is dead, we should send envoys to reassure his son Künje so that he does not turn against us. And since the tribes have already submitted, our pastures are too few: we should resettle the surrendered peoples south of the Altai and garrison our troops north of it for frontier farming — with ample provisions and a strong defense in place, any plot they hatch will find us already at their heart." The emperor replied, "An excellent plan. Move your army to Adahan Sansahai." After Yechi Cha'er shifted his forces, Chabar and Tugtemür tried to flee to Künje, were refused, and with nowhere to turn came over in a body; the northern frontier was pacified at last.

帝詔月赤察兒曰：「卿之先世，佐我祖宗，常為大將，攻城戰野，功烈甚著。卿乃國之元老，宣忠底績，靖謐中外。朕入繼大統，卿之謀猷居多。今立和林等處行中書省，以卿為右丞相，依前太師、錄軍國重事，特封淇陽王，佩黃金印。宗藩將領，實瞻卿麾進退。其益懋乃德，悉乃心力，毋替所服。」四年，月赤察兒入朝，帝宴於大明殿，眷禮優渥。尋以疾薨於第。詔贈宣忠安遠佐運弼亮功臣，謚忠武。

The emperor addressed Yechi Cha'er: "Your forebears served our ancestors as great generals, storming cities and fighting in the open field — their deeds were glorious. You are a pillar of the realm, loyal in service and steady in counsel, and you have brought calm at home and abroad. When I took the throne your counsel weighed heavily in my decisions. I now establish the Branch Secretariat of Karakorum and appoint you Right Chancellor, retaining your ranks of Grand Preceptor and Recorder of Important State Affairs, and specially enfeoff you as Prince of Qiyang with a golden seal. The frontier princes and generals in truth follow your command. Exert yourself still further and do not slacken in the service you have undertaken." In the fourth year Yechi Cha'er came to court; the emperor feasted him in the Hall of Great Brightness with exceptional favor. Soon afterward he died of illness at his residence. An edict posthumously honored him as Meritorious Minister of Loyal Devotion, Pacification of the Distant, Assistance to the Dynasty, and Bright Assistance, with the posthumous name Zhongwu.

塔察兒，一名奔盞，居官山。伯祖父博爾忽，從太祖起朔方，直宿衛為火兒赤。火兒赤者，佩橐侍左右者也。由是子孫世其職。博爾忽從太祖平諸國，宣力為多，當時與木華黎等俱以功號四傑。塔察兒，其從孫也，驍勇善戰，幼直宿衛。太祖平燕，睿宗監國，聞燕京盜賊恣意殘殺，直指富庶之家，載運其物，有司不能禁。乃遣塔察兒、耶律楚材窮治其黨，誅首惡十有六人，由是巨盜屏跡。太宗伐金，塔察兒從師，授行省兵馬都元帥，分宿衛與諸王軍士俾統之，下河東諸州郡，濟河，破潼關，取陜洛。辛卯，從圍河中府，拔之。壬辰，從渡白坡。時睿宗已自西和州入興元，由武關出唐、鄧，太宗以睿宗與金兵相持久，乃遣使約期，會兵合進。即詔發諸軍至鈞州，連日大雪，睿宗與金人戰於三峰山，大破之。詔塔察兒等進圍汴城。金主即以兄子曹王訛可為質，太宗與睿宗還河北。塔察兒復與金兵戰於南薰門。癸巳，金主遷蔡州，塔察兒復帥師圍蔡。甲午，滅金，遂留鎮撫中原，分兵屯大河之上，以遏宋兵。丙申，破宋光、息諸州，事聞於朝，以息州軍民三千戶賜之。戊戌卒。

Tachar, also called Benzhan, lived at Guanshan. His grand-uncle Borokhula had followed Genghis Khan in the founding campaigns of the north and served in the imperial guard as a quiver-bearer. A quiver-bearer was an attendant who carried the quiver and waited at the ruler's side. From that time his descendants held the office generation after generation. Borokhula followed Genghis Khan in conquering the realm and won distinction in many campaigns; in his day he and Muqali and the others were all hailed as the Four Heroes. Tachar was his grand-nephew, a fierce and capable fighter who had served in the guard since boyhood. When Genghis Khan conquered Yan, Ögedei was regent; he heard that in Yanjing robbers were killing at will, targeting wealthy households and hauling off their goods while the authorities could not stop them. He sent Tachar and Yelü Chucai to root out the gangs, executed sixteen ringleaders, and the great bandits disappeared. When Ögedei Khan attacked the Jin, Tachar marched with the army, was made Marshal of All Military and Civil Affairs of the Branch Secretariat, and given command of the guard and princely troops; he subdued the prefectures east of the Yellow River, crossed the river, broke through Tong Pass, and seized Shaan and Luoyang. On the xinmao day he joined the siege of Hezhong Prefecture and took it. On the renchen day he crossed Baipo with the army. Ögedei had already entered Xingyuan from Xihe and marched out through Wu Pass into Tang and Deng; seeing his prolonged stalemate with the Jin, Ögedei Khan sent word to coordinate a joint advance. An edict summoned all forces to Jun Prefecture; snow fell for days; at Sanfeng Mountain Ögedei routed the Jin in a great victory. Tachar and the others were ordered to press on and besiege Kaifeng. The Jin emperor sent his nephew, Prince Cao Ekho, as a hostage, and Ögedei Khan and Tolui returned north of the river. Tachar fought the Jin again at the Nanxun Gate. On the guisi day the Jin emperor fled to Caizhou, and Tachar again led the siege of Cai. On the jiawu day the Jin fell; he stayed to pacify the Central Plain, posted troops along the Yellow River, and held the Song at bay. On the bingchen day he captured the Song prefectures of Guang and Xi; when the victory was reported, he was granted three thousand households of soldiers and civilians from Xi Prefecture. On the wuxu day he died.

次曰宋都<角┦>，至元七年，賜金虎符，襲蒙古軍萬戶。八年，悉兵再攻襄陽，圍樊城，進戰鄂、嶽、漢陽、江陵、歸、峽諸州，皆有功。十二年，加昭毅大將軍，受詔為隆興出征都元帥，與李恒等長驅，而宋人莫當其鋒，戰勝攻取，望風迎降，盡平江西十一城，又徇嶺南、廣東。宋亡，還師，未及論功卒。

Next came Songdu Tai; in the seventh year of the Zhiyuan era he received a golden tiger tally and succeeded as commander of ten thousand of the Mongol army. In the eighth year he mustered his full force, attacked Xiangyang again, besieged Fancheng, and fought at E, Yue, Hanyang, Jiangling, Gui, and Xia — winning distinction everywhere. In the twelfth year he was made General of Bright Resolution and appointed Marshal of the Longxing Expedition; marching with Li Heng and others he swept forward, and the Song could not stand against his vanguard — city after city surrendered at his approach until all eleven Jiangxi strongholds fell, after which he subdued Lingnan and Guangdong as well. When the Song fell he withdrew with the army, but died before his rewards could be granted.

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