1
速不臺
Subutai
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速不臺，蒙古兀良合人。 其先世獵於斡難河上，遇敦必乃皇帝，因相結納，至太祖時，已五世矣。 捍裏必者生孛忽都，眾目為折裏麻。 折裏麻者，漢言有謀略人也。 三世孫合赤溫，生哈班。 哈班二子，長忽魯渾，次速不臺，俱驍勇善騎射。 太祖在班朱尼河時，哈班嘗驅群羊以進，遇盜，被執。 忽魯渾與速不臺繼至，以槍剌之，人馬皆倒，余黨逸去，遂免父難，羊得達於行在所。 忽魯渾以百戶從帝與乃蠻部主戰於長城之南，忽魯渾射卻之，其眾奔闊赤檀山而潰。
Subutai was a Mongol of the Uriankhai clan. His forebears had hunted along the Onon River and entered into alliance with Emperor Dombina; by the Founder’s day the bond had already spanned five generations. Khanlibi had a son named Bükütu, whom people hailed as Jelme—a man of counsel. Jelme, in Chinese parlance, meant ‘a man of strategy.’ Three generations later Qachi’un was born, and he in turn fathered Qaban. Qaban had two sons—the elder Qorqunas and the younger Subutai—both fierce horsemen and expert archers. While the Founder was encamped on the Baljuna River, Qaban once drove a flock of sheep to the camp as tribute; bandits waylaid him and took him captive. Qorqunas and Subutai came up behind them, speared the raiders, and brought down men and horses alike; the rest scattered, their father was saved, and the flock reached the imperial camp. Serving as a centurion, Qorqunas followed the Emperor against the Naiman chieftain south of the Long Wall; he drove the enemy back with his bow, and the Naiman forces broke and fled toward Kuochitan Mountain.
3
速不臺以質子事帝，為百戶。 歲壬申，攻金桓州，先登，拔其城。 帝命賜金帛一車。 滅裏吉部強盛不附，丙子，帝會諸將於禿兀剌河之黑林，問：「誰能為我征滅裏吉者？」 速不臺請行，帝壯而許之。 乃選裨將阿裏出領百人先行，覘其虛實。 速不臺繼進。 速不臺戒阿裏出曰：「汝止宿，必載嬰兒具以行，去則遺之，使若挈家而逃者。」 滅裏吉見之，果以為逃者，遂不為備。 己卯，大軍至蟾河，與滅裏吉遇，一戰而獲其二將，盡降其眾。 其部主霍都奔欽察，速不臺追之，與欽察戰於玉峪，敗之。 壬午，帝征回回國，其主滅裏委國而去。 命速不臺與只別追之，及於灰裏河，只別戰不利，速不臺駐軍河東，戒其眾人爇三炬以張軍勢，其王夜遁。 復命統兵萬人由不罕川必裏罕城追之，凡所經歷，皆無水之地。 既度川，先發千人為遊騎，繼以大軍晝夜兼行。 比至，滅裏逃入海，不月餘，病死，盡獲其所棄珍寶以獻。 帝曰：「速不臺枕幹血戰，為我家宣勞，朕甚嘉之。」 賜以大珠、銀罌。 癸未，速不臺上奏，請討欽察。 許之。 遂引兵繞寬定吉思海，展轉至太和嶺，鑿石開道，出其不意。 至則遇其酋長玉裏吉及塔塔哈兒方聚於不租河，縱兵奮擊，其眾潰走。 矢及玉裏吉之子，逃於林間，其奴來告而執之，余眾悉降，遂收其境。 又至阿裏吉河，與斡羅思部大、小密赤思老遇，一戰降之，略阿速部而還。 欽察之奴來告其主者，速不臺縱為民。 還，以聞。 帝曰：「奴不忠其主，肯忠他人乎？」 遂戮之。 又奏以滅裏吉、乃蠻、怯烈、杭斤、欽察諸部千戶，通立一軍，從之。 略也迷裏霍只部，獲馬萬匹以獻。 帝欲征河西，以速不臺比年在外，恐父母思之，遣令歸省。 速不臺奏，願從西征。 帝命度大磧以往。 丙戌，攻下撒裏畏吾、特勤、赤閔等部，及德順、鎮戎、蘭、會、洮、河諸州，得牝馬五千匹，悉獻於朝。 丁亥，聞太祖崩，乃還。 己丑，太宗即位，以禿滅幹公主妻之。 從攻潼關，軍失利，帝責之。 睿宗時在藩邸，言兵家勝負不常，請令立功自效。 遂命引兵從睿宗經理河南。 道出牛頭關，遇金將合達帥步騎數十萬待戰。 睿宗問以方略，速不臺曰：「城居之人不耐勞苦，數挑以勞之，戰乃可勝也。」 師集三峰山，金兵圍之數匝。 會風雪大作，其士卒僵仆，師乘之，殺戮殆盡。 自是金軍不能復振。 壬辰夏，睿宗還駐官山，留速不臺統諸道兵圍汴。 癸巳，金主渡河北走，追敗之於黃龍岡，斬首萬餘級。 金主復南走歸德府，未幾，復走蔡州。 汴降，俘其后妃及寶器以獻，進圍蔡州。 甲午，蔡州破，金主自焚死。 時汴梁受兵日久，歲饑，人相食，速不臺下令縱其民北渡以就食。 乙未，太宗命諸王拔都西征八赤蠻，且曰：「聞八赤蠻有膽勇，速不臺亦有膽勇，可以勝之。」 遂命為先鋒，與八赤蠻戰。 繼又令統大軍，遂虜八赤蠻妻子於寬田吉思海。 八赤蠻聞速不臺至，大懼，逃入海中。 辛丑，太宗命諸王拔都等討兀魯思部主也烈班，為其所敗，圍禿裏思哥城，不克。 拔都奏遣速不臺督戰，速不臺選哈必赤軍怯憐口等五十人赴之，一戰獲也烈班。 進攻禿裏思哥城，三日克之，盡取兀魯思所部而還。 經哈咂裏山，攻馬劄兒部主怯憐。 速不臺為先鋒，與諸王拔都、籲裏兀、昔班、哈丹五道分進。 眾曰：「怯憐軍勢盛，未可輕進。」 速不臺出奇計，誘其軍至漷寧河。 諸王軍於上流，水淺，馬可涉，中復有橋。 下流水深，速不臺欲結筏潛渡，繞出敵後。 未渡，諸王先涉河與戰。 拔都軍爭橋，反為所乘，沒甲士三十人，並亡其麾下將八哈禿。 既渡，諸王以敵尚眾，欲要速不臺還，徐圖之。 速不臺曰：「王欲歸自歸，我不至禿納河馬茶城，不還也。」 及馳至馬茶城，諸王亦至，遂攻拔之而還。 諸王來會，拔都曰：「漷寧河戰時，速不臺救遲，殺我八哈禿。」 速不臺曰：「諸王惟知上流水淺，且有橋，遂渡而與戰，不知我於下流結筏未成，今但言我遲，當思其故。」 於是拔都亦悟。 後大會，飲以馬乳及蒲萄酒。 言征怯憐時事，曰：「當時所獲，皆速不臺功也。」 壬寅，太宗崩。 癸卯，諸王大會，拔都欲不往。 速不臺曰：「大王於族屬為兄，安得不往？」 甲辰，遂會於也只裏河。 丙午，定宗即位，既朝會，還家於禿剌河上。 戊申卒，年七十三。 贈效忠宣力佐命功臣、開府儀同三司、上柱國，追封河南王，謚忠定。 子兀良合臺。
Subutai served the Founder as a hostage in the imperial household and was made a centurion. In the renshen year he assaulted the Jin fortress of Huanzhou, was first over the wall, and took the city. The Emperor rewarded him with a cartload of gold and silks. The Merkit were strong and refused allegiance; in the bingzi year the Founder gathered his generals at Heilin on the Tuwula River and asked, “Who will march against the Merkit for me?” Subutai volunteered for the mission; impressed by his spirit, the Founder assented. He chose the lieutenant Alchu to take a hundred men ahead and scout the enemy’s strength. Subutai followed with the main force. Subutai instructed Alchu: “Whenever you make camp, take along child-care gear on the march; when you move on, leave it behind, as though whole families were fleeing in panic.” The Merkit saw the discarded gear, took it for proof of a rout, and let down their guard. In the jimao year the main army reached the Chan River, met the Merkit, and in a single engagement took two of their commanders captive and brought the whole tribe to submission. Their chief Qoto fled to the Qipchaq; Subutai pursued him, met the Qipchaq at Yuyu, and routed them. In the renwu year the Founder marched against the Khwarazmian realm; Sultan Muhammad abandoned his kingdom and fled. He ordered Subutai and Jebe to pursue. At the Huili River Jebe’s wing fared badly; Subutai halted east of the river and had his men light three signal fires to swell the apparent strength of the host, and the sultan slipped away under cover of night. He was again placed at the head of ten thousand men and sent in pursuit by way of the Buhan valley and Bukhara; the whole route lay through waterless wastes. Once across the river he sent a thousand light horse ahead as scouts, then pressed on with the main force day and night without halt. When they arrived Muhammad had taken to the sea; within a month he died of sickness, and they recovered all the treasure he had abandoned and presented it to the court. The Founder said, “Subutai has fought with saddle for pillow and blood on the field, winning honor for our house; I am deeply pleased with him.” He was rewarded with great pearls and a silver ewer. In the guiwei year Subutai memorialized the throne, asking leave to campaign against the Qipchaq. Permission was granted. He led his army around the Caspian, worked his way to Taihe Ridge, cut a road through the rock, and fell upon the enemy unawares. When he arrived the Qipchaq chiefs Yuliji and Tataqar were assembled on the Buzu River; he charged hard and their forces scattered in flight. An arrow struck Yuliji’s son; he fled into the forest, but a slave betrayed his hiding place and he was taken; the rest submitted, and their lands were brought under control. They pressed on to the Aliji River, met the Rus’ princes great and small—Mstislav—and defeated them in a single battle; they harried the Alan tribe and turned back. Qipchaq slaves who had betrayed their masters to him Subutai set free as ordinary subjects. On his return he reported these matters to the throne. The Founder said, “A slave who betrays his master—how could he be loyal to us?” He had them put to death. He further asked that the centurions of the Merkit, Naiman, Kereit, Hangjin, and Qipchaq be formed into a single army under his command, and the request was granted. He raided the Yemili Huozhi tribe, took ten thousand horses, and presented them to the court. When the Founder planned a campaign in Hexi, he thought Subutai had been in the field for years and might wish to see his parents, and sent him home on leave. Subutai memorialized that he wished to join the western campaign. The Founder ordered him to cross the great desert and advance. In the bingxu year he subdued the Sarigu, Teqin, Chimin, and other tribes, along with the prefectures Deshun, Zhenrong, Lan, Hui, Tao, and He; he took five thousand brood mares and sent them all to the court. In the dinghai year he learned of the Founder’s death and marched home. In the jichou year, when Ögedei took the throne, he gave Subutai Princess Tümeliken in marriage. He took part in the assault on Tong Pass; the army suffered a setback and the Emperor rebuked him. Prince Tolui, then in his own establishment, observed that fortune in war is never fixed and asked that Subutai be allowed to redeem himself with fresh deeds. Subutai was ordered to take his troops and follow Tolui in pacifying Henan. Marching by way of Niutou Pass, they met the Jin commander Heda at the head of several hundred thousand foot and horse drawn up for battle. Tolui asked his plan of campaign. Subutai replied, “Men who live behind walls cannot bear hardship; harry them again and again until they are worn down, and then you can defeat them in battle.” The army drew up on Sanfeng Mountain, and the Jin forces closed round them in ring after ring. A great blizzard struck; the Jin soldiers froze where they stood, and the Mongols fell upon them and cut them down almost to a man. From that day the Jin armies never regained their former strength. In the summer of the renchen year Tolui withdrew to Guanshan, leaving Subutai in command of the combined forces besieging Bianliang. In the guisi year the Jin emperor fled north across the Yellow River; Subutai overtook him at Huanglong Hill, routed his force, and took more than ten thousand heads. The Jin emperor fled south again to Guide, and soon after pressed on to Caizhou. Bianliang fell; he sent the Jin empresses and the imperial treasure to the court as booty and pressed the siege of Caizhou. In the jiawu year Caizhou was taken and the Jin emperor died by self-immolation. Bianliang had been under siege so long that famine set in and people resorted to cannibalism; Subutai ordered that the townspeople be allowed to cross the river northward in search of food. In the yiwei year Ögedei ordered Prince Batu west against Bachman, adding, “They say Bachman is bold; Subutai is bold too—he can beat him.” Subutai was made vanguard and met Bachman in battle. He was then placed at the head of the main army and took Bachman’s wife and children captive on the shores of the Caspian. When Bachman heard that Subutai was coming he was terrified and fled onto the sea. In the xinchou year Ögedei sent Princes Batu and others against the Rus’ prince Yeliban; Yeliban defeated them, and they besieged Torzhok without success. Batu asked that Subutai be sent to direct the fighting; Subutai picked fifty men, among them Qabichi and Jegünköke, and in a single engagement took Yeliban prisoner. They assaulted Torzhok and took it in three days, subdued the Rus’ lands, and marched home. Marching by way of Mount Hazali, they attacked King Béla of Hungary. Subutai led the van while Princes Batu, Orda, Sibian, and Qadan advanced in five separate columns. The princes said, “Béla’s army is too strong—we should not press forward rashly.” Subutai laid a stratagem and drew the Hungarian army to the Huoning River. The princes encamped on the upper reach, where the water was shallow enough for horses to ford and a bridge spanned the stream. Farther down the river ran deep; Subutai meant to raft his men across in secret and take the enemy from the rear. Before he could cross, the princes forded upstream and joined battle. Batu’s men fought for the bridge and were worsted; thirty armored warriors were lost, together with his commander Baqatu. Once across, the princes, seeing the enemy still strong in number, wanted Subutai to withdraw and deliberate at leisure. Subutai said, “Your Highnesses may go back if you please; I shall not turn back until I reach Macha on the Tuna.” He galloped on to Macha; the princes followed, they stormed the town together, and then withdrew. When the princes met, Batu said, “At the Huoning River Subutai was slow to aid us, and my Baqatu was killed.” Subutai replied, “Your Highnesses saw only the shallow ford and the bridge upstream and rushed to fight; you did not know that downstream my rafts were not yet ready. If you call me slow, consider why.” At that Batu understood. Later, at a great gathering, they were feasted with kumiss and grape wine. Recalling the campaign against Béla, they declared, “Everything we won that day was Subutai’s doing.” In the renyin year Ögedei died. In the guimao year the princes were to assemble; Batu did not wish to attend. Subutai said, “Great Prince, you are the eldest among the kin—how can you stay away?” In the jiachen year they met on the Yezhili River. In the bingwu year, after Güyük’s accession and the court ceremonies, he went home to his estate on the Tula. He died in the wushen year, at the age of seventy-three. He was posthumously honored as Meritous Minister of Loyal Service and Support to the Mandate, Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon, and Upper Pillar of the State; enfeoffed posthumously as Prince of Henan with the temple name Zhongding (“Loyal and Steadfast”). His son was Uriyangqai.
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兀良合臺
Uriyangqai
5
兀良合臺，初事太祖。 時憲宗為皇孫，尚幼，以兀良合臺世為功臣家，使護育之。 憲宗在潛邸，遂分掌宿衛。 歲癸巳，領兵從定宗征女真國，破萬奴於遼東。 繼從諸王拔都征欽察、兀魯思、阿速、孛烈兒諸部。 丙午，又從拔都討孛烈兒乃、捏迷思部，平之。 己酉，定宗崩。 拔都與宗室大臣議立憲宗，事久未決。 四月，諸王大會，定宗皇后問所宜立，皆惶惑，莫敢對。 兀良合臺對曰：「此議已先定矣，不可復變。」 拔都曰：「兀良合臺言是也。」 議遂定。 憲宗即位之明年，世祖以皇弟總兵討西南夷烏蠻、白蠻、鬼蠻諸國，以兀良合臺總督軍事。 其鬼蠻，即赤禿哥國也。 癸丑秋，大軍自旦當嶺入雲南境。 摩些二部猷長唆火脫因、塔裹馬來迎降，遂至金沙江。 兀良合臺分兵入察罕章，蓋白蠻也，所在寨柵，以次攻下之。 獨阿塔剌所居半空和寨，依山枕江，牢不可拔。 使人覘之，言當先絕其汲道。 兀良合臺率精銳立炮攻之。 阿塔剌遣人來拒，兀良合臺遣其子阿術迎擊之，寨兵退走。 遂並其弟阿叔城俱拔之。 進師取龍首關，翊世祖入大理國城。 甲寅秋，復分兵取附都善闡，轉攻合剌章水城，屠之。 合剌章。 蓋烏蠻也。 前次羅部府，大酋高升集諸部兵拒戰，大破之於洟可浪山下，遂進至烏蠻所都押赤城。 城際滇池，三面皆水，既險且堅，選驍勇以炮摧其北門，縱火攻之，皆不克。 乃大震鼓鉦，進而作，作而止，使不知所為，如是者七日，伺其困乏，夜五鼓，遣其子阿術潛師躍入，亂斫之，遂大潰。 至昆澤，擒其國王段興智及其渠帥馬合剌昔以獻。 余眾依阻山谷者，分命裨將也裏、脫伯、押真掩其右，合臺護尉掩其左，約三日卷而內向。 及圍合，與阿術引善射者二百騎，期以三日，四面進擊。 兀良合臺陷陣鏖戰，又攻纖寨，拔之。 至乾德哥城，兀良合臺病，委軍事於阿術。 環城立炮，以草填塹，眾軍始集，阿術已率所部搏戰城上，城遂破。 乙卯，攻不花合因、阿合阿因等城，阿術先登，取其三城。 又攻赤禿哥山寨，阿術緣嶺而戰，遂拔之。 乘勝擊破魯廝國塔渾城，又取忽蘭城。 魯魯廝國大懼，請降。 阿伯國有兵四萬，不降。 阿術攻之，入其城，舉國請降。 復攻阿魯山寨，進攻阿魯城，克之。 乃搜捕未降者，遇赤禿哥軍於合打臺山，追赴臨崖，盡殺之。 自出師至此，凡二年，平大理五城八府四郡，洎烏、白等蠻三十七部。 兵威所加，無不款附。 丙辰，征白蠻國、波麗國，阿術生擒其驍將，獻俘闕下。 詔以便宜取道，與鐵哥帶兒兵合，遂出烏蒙，趨瀘江，刬禿剌蠻三城，卻宋將張都統兵三萬，奪其船二百艘於馬湖江，斬獲不可勝計。 遂通道於嘉定、重慶，抵合州，濟蜀江，與鐵哥帶兒會。 丁巳，以雲南平，遣使獻捷於朝，且請依漢故事，以西南夷悉為郡縣，從之。 賜其軍銀五千兩、彩幣二萬四千匹，授銀印，加大元帥。 還鎮大理，遂經六盤山至臨洮府，與大營合。 月餘，復西征烏蠻。 秋九月，遣使招降交趾，不報。 冬十月，進兵壓境。 其國主陳日煚，隔江列象騎、步卒甚盛。 兀良合臺分軍為三隊濟江，徹徹都從下流先濟，大帥居中，駙馬懷都與阿術在後。 仍授徹徹都方略曰：「汝軍既濟，勿與之戰，彼必來逆我，駙馬隨斷其後，汝伺便奪其船。 蠻若潰走，至江無船，必為我擒矣。」 師既登岸，即縱與戰，徹徹都違命，蠻雖大敗，得駕舟逸去。 兀良合臺怒曰：「先鋒違我節度，軍有常刑。」 徹徹都懼，飲藥死。 兀良合臺入交趾，為久駐計，軍令嚴肅，秋毫無犯。 越七日，日煚請內附，於是置酒大饗軍士。 還軍柙赤城。 戊午，引兵入宋境，其地炎瘴，軍士皆病，遇敵少卻，亡軍士四人。 阿術還戰，擒其卒十二人，其援復至，阿術以三十騎，阿馬禿繼以五十騎擊走之。 時兀良合臺亦病，將旋師，阿術戰馬五十匹夜為禿剌蠻所掠，入告兀良合臺曰：「吾馬盡為盜掠去，將何以行？」 即分軍搜訪，知有三寨藏馬山顛。 阿術親率將士攀崖而上，破其諸寨，生擒賊酋，盡得前後所盜馬千七百匹，乃屠柙赤城。 憲宗遣使諭旨，約明年正月會軍長沙，乃率四王騎兵三千，蠻、僰萬人，破橫山寨，辟老蒼關，徇宋內地。 宋陳兵六萬以俟。 遣阿術與四王潛自間道沖其中堅，大敗之，盡殺其眾。 乘勝擊逐，蹴貴州，蹂象州，入靜江府，連破辰、沅二州，直抵潭州城下。 潭州出兵二十萬，斷我歸路。 兀良合臺遣阿術與大納、玉龍帖木兒軍其前，而自與四王軍其後，夾擊破之。 兵自入敵境，轉鬥千里，未嘗敗北。 大小十三戰，殺宋兵四十餘萬，擒其將大小三人。 其州又遣兵來攻，追至門濠，掩溺殆盡，乃不敢復出。 壁城下月餘。 時世祖已渡江駐鄂州，遣也裏蒙古領兵二千人來援，且加勞問。 遂自鄂州之滸黃洲北渡，與大軍合。 庚申，世祖即位。 夏四月，兀良合臺至上都。 後十二年卒，年七十二。 子阿術，自有傳。
Uriyangqai entered service under the Founder. Möngke was then still a young imperial grandson; because the Uriyangqai family had long been a house of distinguished service, Uriyangqai was charged with his upbringing and protection. When Möngke held his own establishment, Uriyangqai shared command of the palace guard. In the guisi year he led troops with Güyük against the Jurchen realm and defeated Puxian Wannu in Liaodong. He then campaigned with Prince Batu against the Qipchaq, Rus’, Alan, and Bular peoples. In the bingwu year he again followed Batu against the Bular and Mstislav peoples and subdued them. In the jiyou year Güyük died. Batu and the princes and ministers debated enthroning Möngke, but no decision was reached for a long time. In the fourth month the princes assembled; Güyük’s empress asked who should succeed, but everyone was afraid and none dared answer. Uriyangqai answered, “That question was settled long ago—it cannot be reopened.” Batu said, “Uriyangqai is right.” The succession was settled. The year after Möngke’s accession, Kublai—as imperial younger brother—took command against the Wuman, Baiman, Guiman, and other southwestern peoples, with Uriyangqai as supreme commander. The Guiman were the kingdom of Chituoge. In the autumn of the guichou year the main army entered Yunnan by way of Dandang Ridge. Suohuotuoyin and Taguima, chiefs of the two Mosuo divisions, came out to submit, and the army reached the Jinsha River. Uriyangqai sent detachments into Chahanzhang, Baiman country, and captured stockade after stockade. Only Atala’s Bansonghe stockade, perched on the mountain above the river, could not be taken. Scouts reported that its water supply should be cut first. Uriyangqai led elite troops against it with siege engines. Atala sent men to resist; Uriyangqai sent his son Aju to meet them, and the garrison broke and fled. They then took his younger brother’s Ashu city as well. The army advanced, seized Longshou Pass, and escorted Kublai into the Dali capital. In the jiayin autumn they took Fudushanchan, then stormed Helazhang Water City and put it to the sword. Helazhang. This was Wuman country. They moved on Luobu, where the great chief Gao Sheng mustered the tribal levies; Uriyangqai routed them below Tikolang Mountain and pressed on to Yachi, the Wuman capital. The city stood on Dianchi, water on three sides, steep and strong; picked warriors battered the north gate with artillery and tried fire assaults, all without success. For seven days he kept the drums and gongs thundering—advance, strike, halt—until the defenders were worn down; at the fifth watch he sent Aju with a picked force over the wall in a wild melee, and the garrison collapsed. At Kunze they took King Duan Xingzhi and the chieftain Mahelaxi and sent them to court as captives. For those still holding the valleys he sent Yeli, Tuobo, and Yazhen to block the right, Hetai Huwei the left, with orders to close in within three days. When the ring closed, he and Aju led two hundred mounted archers in a four-sided assault fixed for the third day. Uriyangqai fought in the front rank, then stormed and took Xian stockade. At Qiandegge Uriyangqai fell ill and turned command over to Aju. They set artillery around the walls and filled the moat with straw; before the main body had fully assembled, Aju was already fighting on the ramparts, and the city fell. In the yimao year they assaulted Buhuayin, Aheayin, and other towns; Aju led the escalade and took all three. They stormed the Chituoge mountain stronghold; Aju fought along the ridge and took it. Following up, they broke the Lusi stronghold of Tahun and took Hulan. The Lulusi kingdom was terrified and sued for peace. The kingdom of Abo had forty thousand men and refused to submit. Aju attacked, entered the capital, and the whole country surrendered. They took the Alu mountain stockade and then the city of Alu. Hunting down holdouts, they met Chituoge forces on Hedatai Mountain, drove them to the cliffs, and killed them to the last man. In two years from first taking the field they had pacified Dali’s five cities, eight prefectures, and four districts, together with thirty-seven Wuman and Baiman tribes. Wherever their arms reached, peoples submitted willingly. In the bingchen year they campaigned against Baiman and Poli; Aju took their best generals alive and sent them to the capital as prisoners. Ordered to take the most direct route and join Tiegedaier, they marched out of Wumeng toward the Lujiang, destroyed three Tulaman towns, routed the Song commander Zhang Dutong’s thirty thousand men, seized two hundred boats on the Mahu River, and killed or captured beyond count. They opened a line of advance through Jiading and Chongqing to Hezhou, crossed the Shu River, and linked up with Tiegedaier. In the dingsi year, with Yunnan pacified, they reported victory to court and asked that the southwestern peoples be organized into commanderies and districts on the Han model; the request was granted. The army was rewarded with five thousand taels of silver and twenty-four thousand bolts of silk; Uriyangqai received a silver seal and the rank of grand marshal. He returned to garrison Dali, marched by way of Liupanshan to Lintao, and rejoined the main army. A month later he marched west again against the Wuman. In the ninth month he sent envoys to demand the submission of Annam; they made no answer. In the tenth month he advanced to the frontier. King Trần Nhật Huệ drew up a strong force of war elephants, cavalry, and infantry on the far bank. Uriyangqai crossed in three columns: Chiechie-du forded downstream first, the commander held the center, and the imperial son-in-law Huaidu and Aju brought up the rear. He instructed Chiechie-du: “Once you are across, do not engage; they will come against our center, Huaidu will cut off their retreat, and you are to seize their boats. If they break and run for the river without boats, we shall take them all.” As soon as the troops landed they joined battle; Chiechie-du disobeyed orders, and though the Annamese were routed, they escaped by boat. Uriyangqai said in anger, “The vanguard defied my orders—the army has its penalties.” Chiechie-du, in fear, took poison and died. Uriyangqai entered Annam intending a long occupation; discipline was strict and the troops did not harm so much as a blade of grass. Within seven days Trần Nhật Huệ asked to submit, and Uriyangqai gave a great feast for the army. The army withdrew to Xiachi. In the wuwu year he led troops into Song territory; the climate was feverish and malarial, the men sickened, a skirmish cost four lives, and the column drew back. Aju turned back, took twelve prisoners, and when reinforcements arrived he with thirty horse and Amadu with fifty drove them off. Uriyangqai too was ill and preparing to withdraw when Tulaman raiders stole fifty of Aju’s horses by night; Aju told him, “Our horses are gone—how can we march?” Troops were sent to search and found three stockades hoarding horses on the mountaintop. Aju led his men up the cliffs, stormed the stockades, took the bandit chief alive, recovered all seventeen hundred stolen horses, and put Xiachi to the sword. Möngke ordered a rendezvous at Changsha in the first month of the coming year; Uriyangqai took three thousand horse of the four princes and ten thousand tribal auxiliaries, took Hengshan stockade, forced Laochang Pass, and raided deep into Song territory. The Song drew up sixty thousand men to meet him. He sent Aju and the four princes by a hidden path into the enemy center, routed them, and slaughtered the whole force. Following up, they overran Guizhou, ravaged Xiangzhou, entered Jingjiang, took Chen and Yuan prefectures, and marched to the walls of Tanzhou. Tanzhou sent two hundred thousand men to cut off their retreat. Uriyangqai sent Aju, Dana, and Yulong Temür against their front while he and the four princes struck from the rear and broke them between two fires. From the border to Tanzhou they fought for a thousand li without a single defeat. In thirteen engagements they killed more than four hundred thousand Song soldiers and took three generals prisoner. When the city sent another sortie, they chased the Song troops to the moat and drowned most of them; the garrison did not dare sally again. They invested the city for more than a month. Kublai had crossed the Yangzi and was at Ezhou; he sent Yeli Mongolu with two thousand men as reinforcements and a message of praise. They crossed north from Huhuang Isle near Ezhou and rejoined the main army. In the gengshen year Kublai took the throne. In the fourth month of summer Uriyangqai arrived at Shangdu. Twelve years later he died, at the age of seventy-two. His son Aju has a separate biography.
6
○按竺邇
Anzhu'er
7
按竺邇，雍古氏。 其先居雲中塞上，父<黑旦>公，為金群牧使。 歲辛未，驅所牧馬來歸太祖，終其官。 按竺邇幼鞠於外祖術要甲家，訛言為趙家，因姓趙氏。 年十四，隸皇子察合臺部。 嘗從大獵，射獲數麋，有二虎突出，射之皆死。 由是以善射名，皇子深器愛之。 甲戌，太祖西征尋思幹、阿裏麻裏等國，以功為千戶。 丁亥，從征積石州，先登，拔其城。 圍河州，斬首四十級。 破臨洮，攻德順，斬首百餘級。 攻鞏昌，駐兵秦州。
Anzhu'er was a Yonggu tribesman. His forebears lived on the Yunzhong frontier; his father, Duke Heidan, was Jin commissioner of herd pastures. In the xinwei year he drove his herds to the Founder and submitted; he died in that office. Raised in his maternal grandfather Shuyao Jia’s household, he was known in local speech as one of the Zhao clan and took the surname Zhao. At fourteen he entered the service of Prince Chagatai. On a great hunt he brought down several elk; when two tigers charged out he killed them both with his bow. He won renown as an archer, and the prince held him in high favor. In the jiaxu year, on the western campaign against Xingsigan, Alimali, and other states, he was made a centurion for his service. In the dinghai year he joined the assault on Jishi, was first over the wall, and took the city. At the siege of Hezhou he took forty heads. He stormed Lintao, attacked Deshun, and took more than a hundred heads. He attacked Gongchang and encamped at Qinzhou.
8
太宗即位，尊察合臺為皇兄，以按竺邇為元帥。 戊子，鎮刪丹州，自郭煌置驛抵玉關，通西域，從定關隴。 辛卯，從圍鳳翔，按竺邇分兵攻西南隅，城上礌石亂下，選死士先登，拔其城，斬金將劉興哥。 分兵攻西和州，宋將強俊領眾數萬，堅壁清野，以老我師。 按竺邇率死士罵城下，挑戰。 俊怒，悉眾出陣，按竺邇佯走，俊追之，因以奇兵奪其城。 伏兵要其歸，轉戰數十里，斬首數千級，擒俊。 余眾退保仇池，進擊拔之，從拔平涼，慶陽、邠、原、寧皆降。 涇州復叛，殺守將郭元恕，眾議屠之，按竺邇但誅首惡。 師還原州，降民棄老幼，夜亡走。 眾曰：「此必反也，宜誅之以警其餘。」 按竺邇曰：「此輩懼吾驅之北徙耳。」 遣人諭之曰：「汝等若走，以軍法治罪，父母妻子並誅矣。 汝歸，保無他。 明年草青，具牛酒迎師於此州。」 民皆復歸。 豪民陳茍集數千人潛新寨諸洞，眾議以火攻之。 按竺邇曰：「招諭不出，攻之未晚。」 遂偕數騎抵寨，縱馬解弓矢，召茍遙語，折矢與為誓。 茍即相呼羅拜，謝更生之恩，皆降。
When Ögedei took the throne he honored Chagatai as imperial elder brother and made Anzhu'er marshal. In the wuzi year he garrisoned Shandan, set up post stations from Guazhou to Yumen Pass to open the Western Regions, and helped pacify Guanlong. In the xinmao year, at the siege of Fengxiang, he attacked the southwest corner; despite a hail of stones from the walls his picked men were first up, the city fell, and the Jin general Liu Xingge was beheaded. He detached troops against Xihe, where the Song general Qiang Jun with tens of thousands fortified the walls, stripped the countryside, and tried to wear the Mongols down. Anzhu'er led picked men to the foot of the walls and taunted the garrison into battle. Qiang Jun in fury marched out with his whole force; Anzhu'er feigned retreat, and when Jun pursued, a hidden detachment seized the city. Ambushers cut off their retreat; after fighting for miles they took several thousand heads and captured Qiang Jun. The survivors fell back on Qiu Pool; he stormed it, took Pingliang, and Qingyang, Bin, Yuan, and Ning all submitted. Jingzhou rebelled again and killed the commander Guo Yuanxu; when others urged a massacre, Anzhu'er punished only the ringleaders. When the army withdrew to Yuanzhou, the submitted populace abandoned their elders and children and fled by night. The officers said, "They are bound to rebel—execute them as a warning to the others." Anzhu'er replied, "They are only afraid we mean to drive them north in resettlement." He sent messengers to tell them, "If you run, military law will condemn you—and your parents, wives, and children with you. Come back, and I pledge you will come to no harm. Next spring, when the grass greens, bring cattle and wine to welcome the army here." The people all came back. A local magnate, Chen Gou, mustered several thousand men and hid in the cave strongholds of Xincai; the officers urged a fire attack. Anzhu'er said, "Try summons and persuasion first; if they refuse to come out, we can still attack." He rode to the stockade with only a few companions, let his horse roam and laid aside bow and arrows, called Gou from a distance, broke an arrow, and pledged faith with him. Gou and his men cried out and prostrated themselves, thanking him for their lives, and all surrendered.
9
金人守潼關，攻之，戰於扇車回，不克。 睿宗分兵由山南入金境，按竺邇為先鋒，趣散關。 宋人已燒絕棧道，復由兩當縣出魚關，軍沔州。 宋制置使桂如淵守興元。 按竺邇假道於如淵曰：「宋讎金久矣，何不從我兵鋒，一洗國恥。 今欲假道南鄭，由金、洋達唐、鄧，會大兵以滅金，豈獨為吾之利？ 亦宋之利也。」 如淵度我軍壓境，勢不徒還，遂遣人導我師由武休關東抵鄧州，西破小關。 金人大駭，謂我軍自天而下。 其平章完顏合達、樞密使移剌蒲阿帥十七都尉，兵數十萬，相拒於鄧。 我師不與戰，直趣鈞州，與親王按赤臺等兵合，陳三峰山下。 會天大雪，金兵成列。 按竺邇先率所部精兵迎擊於前，諸軍乘之，金師敗績。 癸巳，金主奔蔡。 十二月，從圍蔡。 甲午，金亡。 初，金將郭斌自鳳翔突圍出，保金、蘭、定、會四州。 至是命按竺邇往取之，圍斌於會州。 食盡將走，敗之於城門。 兵入城巷戰，死傷甚眾。 斌手劍驅其妻子聚一室，焚之。 已而自投火中。 有女奴自火中抱兒出，泣授人曰：「將軍盡忠，忍使絕嗣，此其兒也，幸哀而收之。」 言畢，復赴火死。 按竺邇聞之惻然，命保其孤。 遂定四州。 金將汪世顯守鞏州，皇子闊端圍之，未下。 遣按竺邇等往招之，世顯率眾來降。 皇兄嘉其材勇，賞賚甚厚，賜名拔都，拜征行大元帥。
The Jin garrison held Tong Pass; the Mongols assaulted it and fought at Shanche Hui but failed to break through. Tolui sent a column south of the Qinling into Jin territory; Anzhu'er led the vanguard toward San Pass. The Song had burned the plank roads; the army turned through Liangdang County and Yu Pass instead and marched on Mianzhou. The Song pacification commissioner Gui Ruyuan held Xingyuan. Anzhu'er asked Ruyuan for passage, saying, "Song has nursed hatred of Jin for generations—why not march with our spearhead and wipe out that disgrace in one stroke? We mean to pass through Nanzheng, reach Tang and Deng by way of Jin and Yang, and join the main force to destroy Jin—is that advantage ours alone? It would serve Song's interest too." Ruyuan judged that with our army on his border we would not withdraw without gain; he sent guides to lead our troops east through Wuxiu Pass to Dengzhou and west to storm Little Pass. The Jin were appalled, saying our army had fallen from the sky. Grand Councillor Wanyan Heda and Censor-in-Chief Yelü Pu'a commanded seventeen divisional generals and several hundred thousand men to block them at Deng. Our forces refused battle, marched straight on Junzhou, joined Imperial Prince Anchitai's troops, and formed up below Mount Sanfeng. Heavy snow fell; the Jin army stood in battle order. Anzhu'er led his picked troops in the first shock; the rest of the army pressed the advantage, and the Jin force was routed. On the guisi day the Jin emperor fled to Cai. In the twelfth month he took part in the siege of Cai. On the jiawu day Jin fell. Earlier the Jin general Guo Bin had broken out of Fengxiang and held Jin, Lan, Ding, and Hui prefectures. Anzhu'er was now dispatched to reduce them and besieged Bin at Huizhou. When supplies ran out and Bin tried to break out, Anzhu'er defeated him at the gate. The troops entered and fought street by street; casualties on both sides were heavy. Sword in hand, Bin drove his wife and children into one room and set it afire. Then he threw himself into the flames. A maidservant ran from the fire carrying a boy and, weeping, gave him to a bystander: "The general died loyal to the end—do not let his line end. This is his son; have mercy and keep him." With that she returned to the fire and perished. Anzhu'er was moved and ordered the child kept safe. The four prefectures were then pacified. The Jin general Wang Shixian held Gongzhou; Prince Kuoduan besieged the city but could not reduce it. Anzhu'er was sent to negotiate; Shixian led his troops out in surrender. An imperial prince commended his skill and valor, lavished rewards on him, gave him the name Batu, and made him campaign grand marshal.
10
丙申，大軍伐蜀，皇子出大散關，分兵令宗王穆直等出陰平郡，期會於成都。 按竺邇領炮手兵為先鋒，破宕昌，殘階州。 攻文州，守將劉祿，數月不下，諜知城中無井，乃奪其汲道，率勇士梯城先登，殺守陴者數十人，遂拔其城，祿死之。 因招徠吐蕃酋長勘拖孟迦等十族，皆賜以銀符。 略定龍州。 遂與大散軍合，進克成都。 師還，而成都復叛。 丁酉，按竺邇言於宗王曰：「隴州縣方平，人心猶貳，西漢陽當隴蜀之沖，宋及吐蕃利於入寇，宜得良將以鎮之。」 宗王曰：「安反側，制寇賊，此上策也，然無以易汝。」 遂分蒙古千戶五人，隸麾下以往。 按竺邇命侯和尚南戍沔州之石門，術魯西戍階州之兩水，謹斥堠，嚴巡邏，西南諸州不敢犯之。 戊戌，從元帥塔海率諸翼兵伐蜀，克隆慶。 己亥，攻重慶。 庚子，圖萬州。 宋人將舟師數百艘逆流迎戰。 按竺邇順流率勁兵，乘巨筏，浮革舟於其間，弓弩兩射，宋人不能敵，敗諸夔門。 辛丑，伐西川，破二十餘城。 成都守將田顯開北門以納師。 宋制置使陳隆之出奔，追獲之，縛至漢州，令誘降守將王夔。 夔不降，進兵攻之。 夔夜驅火牛，突圍出奔，遂斬隆之。 壬寅，會大軍破遂寧、瀘、敘等州。 癸卯，破資州。 庚戌，按竺邇安輯涇、邠二州。 宋制置使余玠攻興元，文州降將王德新乘隙自階州叛，執扈、牛二鎮將，領眾千餘走江油。 憲宗召按竺邇還舊鎮。 按竺邇遣將直搗江油，奪扈、牛以歸。
On the bingshen day the main army invaded Shu; a prince marched through Great San Pass while Prince Muzhi and others were sent through Yinping commandery, all to converge on Chengdu. Anzhu'er led the artillerymen as vanguard, took Dangchang, and laid waste to Jiezhou. At Wenzhou the defender Liu Lu held out for months until scouts reported the city had no wells; Anzhu'er cut off the water supply, led picked men up scaling ladders to the wall, killed dozens on the battlements, and took the city; Liu Lu was killed. He then won over ten Tibetan clans led by chieftain Kuntuo Mengjia, granting each a silver tally. Longzhou was brought under control. He joined the column from Great San Pass and marched to take Chengdu. The army withdrew, but Chengdu rose again. On the dingyou day Anzhu'er told the prince, "Longzhou has only just been settled and loyalties are still uncertain; West Hanyang sits on the road between Long and Shu, where Song and Tibet can raid at will—a capable commander should hold it." The prince replied, "To quiet the restless and hold off raiders is the right course—but there is no one to replace you." Five Mongol chiliarchs were placed under his command and sent with him. Anzhu'er posted Hou Heshang at Shimen in southern Mianzhou and Shulusi at Liangshui in western Jiezhou; with tight scouting and patrols, none of the southwestern prefectures dared cross the line. On the wuxu day, under Marshal Taqai, he led the allied wings into Shu and took Longqing. On the jihai day they assaulted Chongqing. On the gengzi day they besieged Wanzhou. The Song sent several hundred warships upstream to meet them. Anzhu'er moved downstream with picked troops on great rafts, leather boats lashed among them; archers and crossbowmen fired from both banks until the Song could not stand and were broken at Kuimen. On the xinchou day they overran western Sichuan and took more than twenty cities. Tian Xian, the Chengdu garrison commander, opened the north gate to let the army in. The Song pacification commissioner Chen Longzhi fled; he was caught, bound, and brought to Hanzhou to persuade the defender Wang Kui to surrender. Wang Kui refused; the army marched to attack him. Kui sent fire-oxen against the lines by night and broke out; Longzhi was beheaded. On the renyin day the main force took Suining, Lu, Xu, and other prefectures. On the guimao day Zizhou fell. On the gengxu day Anzhu'er pacified Jing and Bin prefectures. When the Song pacification commissioner Yu Jie attacked Xingyuan, Wang Dexin—a former Wenzhou defector—seized the moment to rebel from Jiezhou, captured the garrison commanders Hu and Niu, and fled toward Jiangyou with more than a thousand men. Möngke recalled Anzhu'er to his old command. Anzhu'er sent a commander straight at Jiangyou and brought Hu and Niu back.
11
子十人，徹理、國寶最知名。 徹理襲職為元帥。 丁巳，從父攻瀘州，降宋將劉整。 宋將姚德壁雲頂山，戊午，大軍圍之。 徹理率部兵由水門先登，破其壁，德降。 後以病廢，卒。
He had ten sons; Cherig and Guobao were the best known. Cherig inherited the marshal's commission. On the dingsi day he followed his father against Luzhou and won the surrender of the Song general Liu Zheng. The Song general Yao De held Cloud-Peak Mountain; on the wuwu day the main army encircled him. Cherig led his men through the water gate to the top, broke the fort, and Yao De surrendered. He was later incapacitated by illness and died.
12
國寶一名黑梓，少擊劍學書，倜儻好義，有謀略。 父為元帥，軍務悉以委之，故所至多捷。 從攻重慶，降宋都統張實，並掠合州以歸。 中統元年，從攻阿藍答兒有功。 阿藍答兒叛將火都據吐蕃之點西嶺。 國寶攝帥事，討之。 眾欲速戰，國寶曰：「此窮寇也，宜少緩，以計破之。」 遂以精兵襲其後。 火都欲西走，國寶據險要之，挑戰則斂兵自固。 相持兩月，潛兵出其不意，擒殺之。 捷聞，賜弓矢、金綺。 初，按竺邇之告老，制命徹理襲征行元帥。 徹理以病不視事，國寶乃謂諸弟曰：「昔我先人，耀兵西陲，大功既集，關隴雖寧，而西戎未靖，此吾輩立功之秋也。」 乃遣謝鼎與弟國能，持金帛說降吐蕃，酋長勘陀孟迦從國寶入覲。 國寶奏曰：「文州山川險厄，控庸蜀，拒吐蕃，宜城文州，屯兵鎮之。」 從之，授國寶三品印，為蒙古漢軍元帥，兼文州吐蕃萬戶府達魯花赤，與勘陀孟迦皆賜金符。 時扶州諸羌未附，國寶宣上威德，於是呵哩禪波哩揭諸酋長皆歸款，從國寶入覲。 國寶圖山川形勢以獻，詔授呵哩禪波哩揭為萬戶，賜金虎符，諸酋長為千戶，皆賜金符。 賜國寶金幣。 國寶治文州有善政。 至元四年卒。 延祐元年，贈推誠佐理功臣、光祿大夫、平章政事、柱國，封梁國公，謚忠定。
Guobao, also called Heizi, trained in swordplay and letters as a youth; he was bold, upright, and shrewd. While his father held the marshal's post he entrusted all military affairs to him, and wherever Guobao went victory followed. In the assault on Chongqing he won over the Song commander Zhang Shi and on the return carried off Hezhou. In the first year of the Zhongtong era he distinguished himself in the campaign against Aranash. Huodu, a rebel of Aranash, held Xidian Ridge in Tibetan country. Guobao took command in his stead and marched against him. The men wanted a quick fight; Guobao said, "These are desperate fugitives—hold back a little and break them by strategy." He sent picked troops to strike from the rear. Huodu tried to break west; Guobao seized the defiles and blocked him, and when provoked he pulled his men in and stood fast. After two months of standoff, a hidden detachment took him by surprise and killed him. When victory was reported, he received bows, arrows, and gold brocade. When Anzhu'er had petitioned to retire, the throne ordered Cherig to inherit the campaign marshal's post. Cherig, ill, could not govern; Guobao told his brothers, "Our forebear once carried the army in glory on the western marches; though Guan and Long were quieted, the western tribes were not yet settled—this is our time to earn distinction." He sent Xie Ding and his brother Guoneng with gold and silks to win over the Tibetans; the chieftain Kuntuo Mengjia came to court with Guobao. Guobao memorialized, "Wenzhou's terrain is rugged; it commands the roads to Yong and Shu and holds Tibet at bay—Wenzhou should be walled and garrisoned." The court agreed; Guobao received a third-rank seal, was made marshal of Mongol and Han forces and darughachi of the Wenzhou Tibetan wanhu office, and both he and Kuntuo Mengjia were given gold tallies. The Qiang of Fuzhou had not yet submitted; Guobao proclaimed the throne's power and grace, and chieftains including Helizhen Bolijie all came over and followed him to court. Guobao mapped the country and presented the charts; Helizhen Bolijie was made wanhu and given a gold tiger tally, and the chieftains were made chiliarchs, each granted a gold tally. Guobao was rewarded with gold. Guobao governed Wenzhou well. He died in the fourth year of the Zhiyuan era. In the first year of the Yanyou era he was posthumously made Faithful Assistant Merit Criterion, Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, Grand Councillor, and Pillar of State, enfeoffed Duke of Liang, with the posthumous name Loyal and Steadfast.
13
子世榮、世延。 初，國寶將卒，以世榮幼，命弟國安襲其職。 國安既襲蒙古漢軍元帥，兼文州吐蕃萬戶府達魯花赤，後以其兄國寶安邊功，賜金虎符，進昭勇大將軍。 十五年，討叛王吐魯於六盤，獲之，請解職授世榮。 帝曰：「人爭而汝讓，可以敦薄俗。」 錄其六盤功，進昭毅大將軍、招討使。 世榮，襲懷遠大將軍、蒙古漢軍元帥，兼文州吐蕃萬戶府達魯花赤。 後以功進安遠大將軍、吐蕃宣慰使議事都元帥，佩三珠虎符。 世延，中書平章政事。
His sons were Shirong and Shiyan. As Guobao lay dying, Shirong being still young, he had his brother Guo'an succeed to the post. Guo'an took over as marshal of Mongol and Han forces and darughachi of the Wenzhou Tibetan wanhu office; later, for his brother Guobao's frontier service, he received a gold tiger tally and was promoted to General of Manifest Courage. In the fifteenth year he captured the rebel prince Tulu at Liupan and asked to step down in favor of Shirong. The emperor said, "When others scramble for office and you yield, you may set right a mean age." His service at Liupan was entered in the record and he was promoted to General of Manifest Resolution and made pacification commissioner. Shirong succeeded to the post of General Who Cherishes the Distant and marshal of Mongol and Han forces, with the concurrent office of darughachi of the Wenzhou Tibetan wanhu command. Later, for his service, he was promoted to General Who Pacifies the Distant and chief commander of the Tibetan pacification commission, and was granted a three-pearl tiger tally. Shiyan served as grand councillor of the Central Secretariat.
14
○畏答兒
Weida'er
15
畏答兒，忙兀人。 其先剌真八都兒，有二子，次名忙兀兒，始別為忙兀氏。 畏答兒其六世孫也。 與兄畏翼俱事太祖。 時大疇強盛，畏翼率其屬歸之，畏答兒力止之，不聽，追之，又不肯還，畏答兒乃還事太祖。 太祖曰：「汝兄既去，汝獨留此何為？」 畏答兒無以自明，取矢折而誓曰：「所不終事主者，有如此矢。」 太祖察其誠，更名為薛禪，約為按達。 薛禪者，聰明之謂也； 按達者，定交不易之謂也。 太祖與克烈王罕對陳於哈剌真，師少不敵。 帝命兀魯一軍先發，其將術徹臺橫鞭馬鬛不應。 畏答兒奮然曰：「我猶鑿也，諸君斧也，鑿匪斧不入，我請先入，諸軍繼之，萬一不還，有三黃頭兒在，唯上念之。」 遂先出陷陣，大敗之，至晡時，猶追逐不已，敕使止之，乃還。 腦中流矢，創甚，帝親傅以善藥，留處帳中，月餘卒，帝深惜之。
Weida'er was of the Mangwu tribe. His forebear Chazhen Badu'er had two sons; the younger, Mangwu'er, founded the separate Mangwu line. Weida'er was six generations removed from him. He and his elder brother Weiyi both entered the Founder's service. Tachou was then at the height of his power. Weiyi took their men over to him; Weida'er tried hard to stop him, was ignored, followed after him, and was rebuffed again—then returned alone to the Founder. The Founder asked, "Your brother has gone—why do you stay here alone?" Unable to answer, Weida'er broke an arrow and swore, "May I perish like this shaft if I fail to serve my lord to the end." Seeing his good faith, the Founder renamed him Setsen and took him as blood-brother. Setsen means "wise." Anda means a sworn bond that is not lightly broken. At Harjan the Founder drew up against Wang Han of the Kerait, but his force was too small to hold the field. The emperor ordered the Uriangqai to lead the attack; their commander Shichi Tai lay his whip across his mount's mane and hung back. Weida'er cried out, "I am the chisel and you the axe—the chisel cannot bite wood alone. Let me lead; the rest follow. If I fall, I leave three young sons—may my lord not forget them." He charged first, broke the enemy line, and drove them in rout; he was still chasing at dusk when an order recalled him. An arrow had pierced his head; the wound was mortal. The emperor tended him himself and kept him in camp, but within a month he died, to the Founder's deep grief.
16
及王罕滅，帝以其將只裏吉實抗畏答兒，乃分只裏吉民百戶隸其子，且使世世歲賜不絕。 仍令收完忙兀人民之散亡者。 太宗思其功，復以北方萬戶封其子忙哥為郡王。 歲丙申，忽都忽大料漢民，分城邑以封功臣，授忙哥泰安州民萬戶。 帝訝其少，忽都忽對曰：「臣今差次，惟視舊數多寡，忙哥舊才八百戶。」 帝曰：「不然，畏答兒封戶雖少，戰功則多，其增封為二萬戶，與十功臣同。 為諸侯者，封戶皆異其籍。」 兀魯爭曰：「忙哥舊兵不及臣之半，今封顧多於臣。」 帝曰：「汝忘而先橫鞭馬鬛時耶？」 兀魯遂不敢言。 忙哥卒，孫只裏瓦<角┦>、乞答<角┦>，曾孫忽都忽、兀乃忽裏、哈赤，俱襲封為郡王。
After Wang Han's fall, because his general Jilig had fought Weida'er, the emperor assigned a hundred households of Jilig's people to Weida'er's son and decreed that the yearly stipend should continue for all his line. He was also charged with reclaiming Mangwu tribesmen who had been scattered. Mindful of Weida'er's service, Ögedei made his son Mangge a commandery prince with ten thousand northern households. In the bingchen year Huduqu registered the Han population for feudal grants; Mangge received ten thousand Taian households. The emperor thought the grant too small. Huduqu answered, "I allot by the old registers alone—Mangge had only eight hundred households." The emperor said, "No. Weida'er's fief was small, but his battlefield deeds were great—raise it to twenty thousand households, equal to the Ten Meritorious Ministers. Each prince's grant was drawn from distinct registers." Uriangqai objected, "Mangge's old contingent was less than half mine—why does his grant now surpass mine?" The emperor said, "Have you forgotten laying your whip across your horse's mane?" Uriangqai fell silent. After Mangge's death, his grandsons Jiliwaqar and Qidaqar and his great-grandsons Huduqu, Unaihuli, and Kachi each succeeded to the commandery princedom.
17
○博羅歡伯都
Boluohuan; Bedu
18
博羅歡，畏答兒幼子蘸木曷之孫，瑣魯火都之子也。 時諸侯王及十功臣各有斷事官，博羅歡年十六，為本部斷事官。 從世祖討阿裏不哥，數有功，帝喜而賜馬四十匹，金幣稱之。 中統三年，李亶叛。 命帥忙兀一軍圍濟南，分兵掠益都、萊州，悉平之。 詔錄燕南獄，讞決明允，賜衣一襲。 皇子雲南王忽哥赤為其省臣寶合丁毒死，事覺，中書擇可治其獄者四人，奏上，皆不稱旨。 丞相線真以博羅歡聞，帝可其奏。 博羅歡辭曰：「臣不敢愛死，第年少不知書，恐誤事耳。」 帝乃以吏部尚書別帖木兒輔其行。 未至雲南，寶合丁密以金六籯迎饋，祈勿究其事。 博羅歡慮其握兵僥外，拒之恐致變，陽諾曰：「吾橐不能容，可且持歸，待我取之。」 博羅歡至，則竟其獄，誅毒王者，而歸其金於省。 陛見，帝顧謂線真曰：「卿舉得其人矣。」 賜黃金五十兩，詔忙兀事無大小，悉統於博羅歡。 授昭勇大將軍、右衛親軍都指揮使，大都則專右衛，上都則兼三衛。
Boluohuan was the son of Suoluhuodu and grandson of Zhamuhe, Weida'er's youngest son. Each prince and each of the Ten Meritorious Ministers then had his own judge of cases; at sixteen Boluohuan became judge for his own branch. He followed Kublai against Ariq Böke and won repeated distinction; the emperor rewarded him with forty horses and gold in proportion to his service. In the third year of the Zhongtong era Li Tan rebelled. He was ordered to lead a Mangwu force against Jinan, sent columns to overrun Yidu and Laizhou, and reduced them all. He was ordered to review the prisons of Yan South; his verdicts were lucid and just, and he was given a suit of robes. Prince Hugochi of Yunnan had been poisoned by his provincial minister Baoheding; when the crime was exposed, the Central Secretariat nominated four men to try the case, but none satisfied the throne. Grand Councillor Xianzhen recommended Boluohuan, and the emperor assented. Boluohuan declined, saying, "I do not fear death, but I am young and barely literate—I may botch the case." The emperor then sent the Minister of Personnel Bietiemuer to assist him. Before he reached Yunnan, Baoheding secretly sent six chests of gold as a bribe, pleading that the case go no further. Boluohuan feared that Baoheding, holding troops in a distant province, might rebel if rebuffed; he pretended to agree, saying, "My purse is too small—keep it for now until I come for it." When Boluohuan arrived he saw the case through, executed the prince's poisoner, and turned the gold over to the provincial administration. At audience the emperor turned to Xianzhen and said, "You chose well." He was given fifty taels of gold, and an edict placed all Mangwu affairs, great and small, under his command. He was made General of Manifest Courage and commander of the Right Guard Household Army—sole commander of the Right Guard at Dadu, and of all three guards at Shangdu.
19
會伐宋，授金吾衛上將軍、中書右丞。 詔分大軍為二，右軍受伯顏、阿術節度，左軍受博羅歡節度。 俄兼淮東都元帥，罷山東經略司，而以其軍悉隸焉。 遂軍於下邳，召將佐謀曰：「清河城小而固，與昭信、淮安、泗州為掎角，猝未易拔。 海州、東海、石秋，遠在數百里之外，必不嚴備。 吾頓大兵為疑兵，以輕騎倍道襲之，其守將可擒也。」 師至，三城果皆下，清河亦降。 宋主以國內附，而淮東諸城猶為之守。 詔博羅歡進軍，拔淮安南堡，戰白馬湖及寶應，掠高郵，自西小河入漕河，據灣頭，斷通、泰援兵，遂下揚州，淮東平。 益封桂陽、德慶二萬一千戶。 十四年，討叛臣只裏斡臺於應昌，平之。 賜玉帶文綺，與博羅同署樞密院事，拜中書右丞，行省北京。 未幾，召還。 時江南新附，尚多反側，詔募民能從大軍進討者，使自為一軍，聽節度於其長，而毋役於他軍，制命符節，皆與正同。 會博羅歡寢疾，乃附樞密董文忠奏曰：「今疆土浸廣，勝兵百萬，指揮可集，何假此無藉之徒。 彼一踐南土，則掠人貨財，俘人妻孥，仇怨益滋，而叛者將愈眾矣。」 奏上，召輿疾賜坐，與語，帝大悟，遂可其奏。 而常德入訴唐兀一軍殘暴其境內，敕斬以徇。 凡所募軍皆罷。
When war with Song began, he was made General-in-Chief of the Golden Guard and Right Vice-Chancellor of the Central Secretariat. The main force was split in two—the right wing under Bayan and Aju, the left under Boluohuan. He was soon made overall commander of Huaidong as well; the Shandong pacification office was abolished and its troops assigned to him. He encamped at Xiapi and called his commanders together. "Qinghe is small but stout," he said, "and with Zhaoxin, Huai'an, and Sizhou forms a mutual stronghold—not easily seized at a stroke. Haizhou, Donghai, and Shiqou lie hundreds of li distant—they will not be heavily defended. I shall hold the main body here as a feint and send light horse by forced marches to strike them—their commanders can be taken." The columns arrived; all three cities fell, and Qinghe surrendered as well. The Song emperor had surrendered the realm, but the Huaidong towns still held for him. Boluohuan was ordered forward. He took Huai'an's southern fort, fought at Baima Lake and Baoying, raided Gaoyou, entered the Grand Canal by the West Small River, seized Wantou, severed reinforcements from Tongzhou and Taizhou, and finally took Yangzhou—Huaidong was pacified. His fief was enlarged by twenty-one thousand households in Guiyang and Deqing. In the fourteenth year he suppressed the rebel Zhiliwotai at Yingchang and restored order. He received a jade belt and brocade, shared Bureau of Military Affairs duties with Boluo, was made Right Vice-Chancellor of the Central Secretariat, and governed Beijing as regional commissioner. Before long he was recalled to court. The newly pacified south was still restless; the court recruited civilians willing to march with the main armies, formed them into separate units under their own leaders, exempt from service in other commands, with commissions and tally tokens equal to those of regular forces. Boluohuan was then ill in bed; through Dong Wenzong of the Bureau of Military Affairs he memorialized, "The empire grows daily; a million trained soldiers stand ready—why employ these masterless rabble? Once they enter the south they will loot property and seize women and children; hatred will deepen and rebellion will spread." The memorial reached the throne; Boluohuan was summoned despite his illness, given a seat, and questioned. The emperor saw the force of it and approved. Changde meanwhile petitioned that a Tangut unit had ravaged the prefecture; the emperor ordered the culprits beheaded as an example. All the recruited units were dissolved.
20
十六年，以哈剌斯、博羅思、斡羅罕諸部不相統，命博羅歡監之。 十八年，以中書右丞行省甘肅。 二十年，拜御史大夫，行御史臺事，以疾歸。 諸王乃顏叛，帝將親征。 博羅歡諫曰：「昔太祖分封東諸侯，其地與戶，臣皆知之，以二十為率，乃顏得其九，忙兀、兀魯、紥剌兒、弘吉剌、亦其烈思五諸侯得其十一，惟征五諸侯兵，自足當之，何至上煩乘輿哉？ 臣疾且愈，請事東征。」 帝乃賜鎧甲弓矢鞍勒，命督五諸侯兵，與乃顏戰，敗之。 其黨塔不帶以兵來拒，會久雨，軍乏食，諸將欲退。 博羅歡曰：「今兩陣相對，豈容先動？」 俄塔不帶引兵退。 博羅歡以其師乘之，轉戰二日，身中三矢，大破之，斬其駙馬忽倫。 適太師月魯那演大軍來會，遂平乃顏，擒塔不帶。 既而其黨哈丹復叛，詔與諸侯王乃馬帶討之。 哈丹遊騎猝至，博羅歡從三騎返走，抵絕澗，可二丈許，追騎垂及，博羅歡策其馬一躍而過，三從騎皆沒，人以為有神助云。 哈丹死，斬其子老的於陣。 往返凡四歲。 凱旋，俘哈丹二妃以獻，敕以一賜乃馬帶，一賜博羅歡。 陳其金銀器於延春閣，上召諸侯王將帥分賜之。 博羅歡辭，帝曰：「卿可謂能讓。」 乃賜金銀器五百兩以旌之。
In the sixteenth year, with the Qaras, Boros, and Olonhan tribes lacking unified leadership, Boluohuan was placed over them. In the eighteenth year he governed Gansu as Right Vice-Chancellor of the Central Secretariat. In the twentieth year he was made Censor-in-Chief and head of the Censorate, but retired ill. When Prince Nayan rebelled, the emperor prepared to take the field himself. Boluohuan urged against it: "When the Founder enfeoffed the eastern princes, I knew every grant of land and households. Of twenty parts in all, Nayan holds nine; Mangwu, Uriangqai, the Jala'ir, the Hongjila, and the Yiqiliesi hold eleven among them. The five princes' armies alone are enough—why should the Son of Heaven take the field? My illness is nearly past; let me lead the eastern campaign." The emperor gave him armor, bow, arrows, saddle, and bridle, and ordered him to lead the five princes' forces against Nayan and defeat him—which he did. Nayan's lieutenant Tabudai marched to oppose him; rains dragged on, provisions ran short, and the commanders wanted to pull back. Boluohuan said, "Two armies face each other across the field—who dares break first?" Presently Tabudai drew off his force. Boluohuan pressed the pursuit; two days of fighting left him with three arrow wounds, but the enemy was routed and Tabudai's son-in-law Hulun was slain. Grand Preceptor Yelunayan's main army then joined him; Nayan was crushed and Tabudai taken. Hadan, another of Nayan's followers, rose again; Boluohuan was ordered to suppress him with Prince Naimadai. Hadan's scouts suddenly appeared; Boluohuan turned back with three companions and came to a ravine some two zhang across, pursuers at his heels. He spurred his horse and cleared it in a single leap; all three followers were lost in the gorge, and men said heaven had helped him. Hadan fell; his son Laodi was slain in battle. The campaign there and back took four years. Returning in triumph, he presented Hadan's two consorts as captives; one was given to Naimadai and one to Boluohuan. Gold and silver vessels were laid out in the Yanchun Pavilion, and the emperor summoned princes and commanders to divide them. Boluohuan refused his share; the emperor said, "You know how to yield." He was rewarded with gold and silver vessels worth five hundred taels in recognition.
21
河南宣慰改行中書省，拜平章政事，有詔括馬毋及勛臣之家。 博羅歡曰：「吾馬成群，所治地方三千里，不先出馬，何以為吏民之倡？」 乃先入善馬十有八。 汴南諸州，漭為巨浸，博羅歡躬行決口，督有司繕完之。 三十一年，成宗立，遷陜西行中書省平章政事。 未行，留鎮河南。 入朝，請以泰安州所入五戶絲四千斤易內庫繒帛，分給忙兀一軍。 帝為敕遞車送軍中，賜以銀百五十兩。 陛辭，帝諭之曰：「卿今白須，世祖德言，實多聞之，宜加慎護。」 因以世祖所佩弓矢鞶帶賜之。 有頃，近臣奏：「伐宋時，右軍分屬伯顏、阿術，左軍分屬博羅歡。 今伯顏、阿術皆受分地，而博羅歡未及，惟帝裁之。」 帝曰：「何久不言，豈彼恥自請耶？」 乃益封高郵五百戶。
When Henan's pacification office became a Branch Secretariat, he was made Grand Councillor; an edict requisitioned horses but exempted the households of meritorious ministers. Boluohuan said, "My herds are vast and my province spans three thousand li—if I do not lead with my own horses, how can I ask others to follow?" He was first to submit eighteen good horses. South of Bian the prefectures lay under vast floods; Boluohuan went in person to open the breach and saw the repairs through. In the thirty-first year, when Chengzong took the throne, he was transferred to Grand Councillor of the Shaanxi Branch Secretariat. Before he could leave, he was kept to govern Henan. At court he asked to exchange four thousand jin of Taian's five-household silk tribute for palace brocade and distribute it among the Mangwu troops. The emperor ordered relay wagons to carry the goods to camp and gave him one hundred fifty taels of silver. Taking leave of the throne, the emperor told him, "Your beard is white now; you heard much of Kublai's counsel—guard your health." He then gave him the bow, arrows, and belt Kublai had worn. Soon a court favorite memorialized, "In the Song campaign the right wing was divided between Bayan and Aju, the left between Boluohuan alone. Bayan and Aju have both received fiefs, but Boluohuan has not—let the throne decide." The emperor said, "Why was this never raised—was he too proud to ask?" He then added five hundred Gaoyou households to his fief.
22
博羅歡勇有智略，戰常以身先之，所獲財物悉與將士，故得其死力。 平居常以國事為憂，聞變即請行，至終其事乃止。 其忠義蓋天性然也。 累贈推忠宣力贊運功臣、太師、開府儀同三司、上柱國，加封泰安王，謚武穆。
Boluohuan was brave and shrewd; in battle he always led from the front, sharing every prize with his officers and men—and so won their loyalty unto death. In daily life he was constantly troubled by affairs of state; at word of crisis he would immediately ask to go—and would not rest until the matter was seen through. His loyalty and righteousness were surely innate. Posthumously he was repeatedly ennobled as Meritorious Minister of Loyalty and Supporting Effort, Grand Preceptor, Grand General of State with the Ceremonial Standing of the Three Excellencies, and Senior Pillar of State; he was further enfeoffed Prince of Tai'an, with the posthumous name Wumu, Establisher of Martial Achievement.
23
子渾都、伯都、野先帖木兒、博羅。 渾都，山東宣慰使，遙授中書平章政事。 野先帖木兒，河南江北等處行中書省左丞相。 卒官開府儀同三司、翰林學士承旨。 博羅，陜西等處行中書省平章政事。 野先帖木兒子尼摩星吉，襲郡王； 亦思剌瓦性吉，中政使。
His sons were Hundu, Bedu, Yexiantie'er, and Boluo. Hundu served as Pacification Commissioner of Shandong and held the remote appointment of Associate Director of the Secretariat. Yexiantie'er was Left Grand Councillor of the Branch Secretariat for Henan and the Northern Yangtze region. He died in office as Grand General of State with the Ceremonial Standing of the Three Excellencies and Expositor-in-Chief of the Hanlin Academy. Boluo was Associate Director of the Branch Secretariat for Shaanxi and neighboring circuits. Yexiantie'er's son Nimoxingji inherited the title of Commandery Prince; Yisilawaxingji served as Director of the Central Affairs Office.
24
伯都幼穎異，不以家世自矜，長嗜書史。 大德五年，擢江東道廉訪副使，拜江南行臺侍御史。 未幾，召入僉樞密院事，領舍兒別赤。 至大二年，出為江南行臺御史中丞，遷陜西行臺御史大夫。 延祐元年，拜甘肅行省平章政事。 時米價騰湧，陸挽一石，費二百緡，乃為經畫計，所省至四百餘萬緡，自是諸倉俱充溢。 甘州氣寒地瘠，少稔歲。 民饑，則發粟賑之，春闕種，則貸之。 於是兵餉既足，民食亦給。 詔賜名鷹、甲胄、弓矢及鈔五千緡以勞焉。 四年，移江浙行省平章政事，入為太子賓客。 上書陳古先聖王正心修身之道，帝嘉納之。 遷江南行臺御史大夫。 皇太后謂東宮官不宜使外，止其行。 遂以疾辭去，寓居高郵。 英宗即位，復命為江南行臺御史大夫。 陛見，以疾固辭。 帝慰諭久之，命以平章之祿歸養於家，復賜鈔十萬緡。 所服藥須空青，詔遣使江南訪求之。 伯都辭謝曰：「臣曩膺重寄，深懼弗稱，今已病廢，況敢叨濫厚祿以受重賜乎？」 並以所給平章政事祿歸有司。 泰定元年，還京師，卒。 朝廷知其貧，賻鈔二萬五千貫。 御史臺奏賻三萬五千貫，仍還所辭祿，妻弘吉剌氏弗受，曰：「始伯都仕於朝，不敢虛受廩祿。 今歿矣，茍受是祿，非其意也。」 卒辭之。 子篤爾只，將作院判官。
Bedu was unusually bright as a child and never prided himself on his lineage; as he grew he devoured books and history. In the fifth year of Dade he was promoted to Vice Commissioner of the Jiandong Circuit Intendant for Integrity and appointed Attending Censor of the Jiangnan Branch Censorate. Soon afterward he was recalled to serve as Assistant Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs and to head the Chernih Bichig. In the second year of Zhida he was sent out as Vice Censor-in-Chief of the Jiangnan Branch Censorate, then moved to Grand Censor of the Shaanxi Branch Censorate. In the first year of Yanyou he was appointed Associate Director of the Gansu Branch Secretariat. Rice prices were soaring; hauling one shi overland cost two hundred strings of cash. Bedu worked out a scheme that saved more than four million strings, and from then on every granary was full. Ganzhou was cold and its soil poor, with few years of good harvest. When the people went hungry he opened the granaries; when they lacked seed in spring he lent it to them. Military rations were made good and the people's food needs were met. An edict rewarded him with a named hawk, armor, bow and arrows, and five thousand strings of paper money. In the fourth year he was transferred to Associate Director of the Zhejiang Branch Secretariat and recalled to the capital as Tutor to the Crown Prince. He memorialized the court on how the ancient sage kings rectified the heart and cultivated the self; the Emperor praised and adopted his advice. He was transferred to Grand Censor of the Jiangnan Branch Censorate. The Empress Dowager held that officials of the Eastern Palace should not be posted outside the capital, and his transfer was halted. He then resigned, pleading illness, and made his home in Gaoyou. When Emperor Yingzong ascended the throne, Bedu was again appointed Grand Censor of the Jiangnan Branch Censorate. At his audience he steadfastly pleaded illness and declined. The Emperor comforted him at length, ordered him home on an associate director's salary to convalesce, and again granted him one hundred thousand strings of paper money. The medicine he required called for malachite; an edict sent envoys to Jiangnan to obtain it. Bedu declined, saying, "I once bore a heavy charge and feared I was not equal to it; now I am broken by illness—how dare I accept a lavish salary and rich gifts besides?" He also returned the associate director's salary that had been granted him to the appropriate office. In the first year of Taiding he returned to the capital and died. The court, knowing he was poor, granted twenty-five thousand strings in funeral compensation. The Censorate recommended thirty-five thousand strings in funeral gifts and the return of the salary he had declined; his wife, Lady Hongjila, refused, saying, "When Bedu first entered service he would not take salary he had not earned. Now that he is gone, to accept this salary would go against his wishes." In the end she refused it. His son Duerzhi was Vice-Director of the Directorate of Palace Construction.
25
○抄思
○ Chaosi
26
抄思，乃蠻部人。 又號曰答祿。 其先泰陽，為乃蠻部主。 祖曲書律。 父敞溫。 太祖舉兵討不庭，曲書律失其部落，敞溫奔契丹卒。 抄思尚幼，與其母跋涉間行，歸太祖，奉中宮旨侍宮掖。 抄思年二十五，即從征伐，破代、石二州，不避矢石，每先登焉。 雁門之戰，屢捷。 會太宗命睿宗平金，抄思執銳以從，與金兵戰，所向無前。 壬辰，兵次鈞州，金兵壘於三峰山，抄思察其營壁不堅，夜領精騎襲之，金兵驚擾，遂乘擊之，拔三峰山。 睿宗以抄思功聞於朝，有旨以湯陰縣黃招撫等一百一十七戶賜之。 抄思力辭不受。 復賜以男女五十口，宅一區，黃金鞶帶、酒壺、杯盂各一。 辭弗許，乃受之。 制授萬戶，與內侍胡都虎、留乞簽起西京等處軍人征行及鎮守隨州。 招集民戶，每千人以官一員領之。 丁酉秋七月，奉旨調軍，得西京、大名、濱、棣、懷、孟、真定、河間、邢、名、磁、威、新、衛、保等府州軍四千六十餘人，統之。 後移鎮潁，以疾歸大名。 歲戊申正月卒，年四十四。 子別的因。
Chaosi was a man of the Naiman tribe. He was also known as Dalu. His ancestor Taiyang had been chieftain of the Naiman tribe. His grandfather was Qushulu. His father was Changwen. When Taizu raised troops to punish rebels, Qushulu lost his tribe; Changwen fled to the Khitan and died there. Chaosi was still a child; he and his mother made their way by secret and arduous routes to Taizu, and by order of the Central Palace served in the inner quarters. At twenty-five Chaosi joined the campaigns, stormed the prefectures of Dai and Shi, never flinching from arrow or stone, and was always first over the wall. At Yanmen he won victory again and again. When Taizong ordered Ruizong to pacify the Jin, Chaosi took up arms and followed; against Jin forces he was irresistible wherever he fought. In renchen the army halted at Jun Prefecture while Jin troops fortified Sanfeng Mountain. Chaosi saw their walls were weak; at night he led elite cavalry in a raid, threw the Jin camp into panic, pressed the attack, and took the mountain. Ruizong reported Chaosi's feat to court; an edict granted him one hundred seventeen households, including Pacification Commissioner Huang of Tangyin County. Chaosi firmly refused. He was given instead fifty male and female servants, a residence, and one each of a golden belt plaque, wine kettle, and cups and bowls. Refusal was not allowed, and he accepted. By imperial order he was made wanhu; together with the inner attendant Huduhu and Liuqi he signed orders mobilizing troops from the Western Capital and elsewhere for campaigns and to garrison Suizhou. He gathered civilian households, appointing one official to lead every thousand persons. In the seventh month of dingyou, under orders to mobilize troops, he mustered more than four thousand sixty men from the Western Capital, Daming, Bin, Di, Huai, Meng, Zhending, Hejian, Xing, Ming, Ci, Wei, Xin, Wei, Bao, and other prefectures and circuits, and took command of them all. Later he was transferred to garrison Yingzhou, then returned to Daming on account of illness. In the first month of wushen he died, aged forty-four. His son was Biedeyin.
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別的因在繈褓時，父抄思方領兵平金，與其祖母康裏氏在三皇后宮庭。 戊申，父抄思卒，母張氏迎別的因以歸。 祖母康裏氏卒。 張嘗從容訓之曰：「人有三成人，知畏懼成人，知羞恥成人，知艱難成人。 否則禽獸而已。」 別的因受教唯謹。 甲寅，世祖以宗王鎮黑水，有旨諭察罕那顏，命別的因襲抄思職，為副萬戶，鎮守隨、潁等處。 丙辰冬十有二月，世祖復諭征鎮軍士悉聽別的因等號令。 別的因身長七尺餘，肩豐多力，善刀舞，尤精騎射，士卒咸畏服之。 明年，庚申，世祖即位，委任尤專。 癸亥正月，召赴行在所。 冬十一月，謁見世祖於行在所，世祖賜金符，以別的因為壽潁二州屯田府達魯花赤。 時二州地多荒蕪，有虎食民妻，其夫來告，別的因默然良久，曰：「此易治耳。」 乃立檻設機，縛羔羊檻中以誘虎。 夜半，虎果至，機發，虎墮檻中，因取射之，虎遂死。 自是虎害頓息。 至元十三年，授明威將軍、信陽府達魯花赤，佩金符。 時信陽亦多虎，別的因至未久，一日，以馬裼置鞍上出獵，命左右燔山，虎出走，別的因以裼擲虎，虎搏裼，據地而吼，別的因旋馬視虎射之，虎立死。 十六年，進宣威將軍、常德路副達魯花赤。 會同知李明秀作亂，別的因請以單騎往招之，直抵賊壘，賊輕之，不設備。 別的因諭以朝廷恩德，使為自新計，明秀素畏服，遂與俱來。 別的因聞於朝，明秀伏誅，賊遂平。 三十一年，進懷遠大將軍，遷池州路達魯花赤。 之官，道經潁上。 潁近荊山，有野豕時出害民禾稼，民莫能制。 聞別的因至，迎拜境上，告以其故。 別的因曰：「毋慮也。」 遂至荊山，以狼牙箭射之，豕走數里。 大德十三年，進昭勇大將軍、臺州路達魯花赤。 卒，年八十一。
While Biedeyin was still in swaddling clothes, his father Chaosi was leading troops against the Jin; he and his grandmother Lady Kangli lived in the Three Empresses' palace. In wushen his father Chaosi died; his mother Lady Zhang went to fetch Biedeyin and bring him home. His grandmother Lady Kangli died. Lady Zhang once gently admonished him: "There are three ways to become a fully human being: to know fear and restraint is to become human; to know shame is to become human; to know hardship is to become human. Otherwise one is no better than a beast." Biedeyin took the lesson to heart and obeyed it scrupulously. In jiayin Kublai, as an imperial prince, held the Black Water; an edict instructed Chahan Nayan to have Biedeyin inherit Chaosi's appointment as deputy wanhu, garrisoning Suizhou, Ying, and neighboring posts. In the twelfth month of bingchen Kublai again ordered that all troops on campaign and garrison duty were to obey Biedeyin and his associates. Biedeyin stood more than seven chi tall, with broad shoulders and great strength; he was skilled at sword dance and especially expert in mounted archery, and officers and soldiers alike feared and obeyed him. The following year, gengshen, Kublai took the throne and entrusted him with even greater authority. In the first month of guihai he was summoned to the mobile court. In the eleventh month he had audience with Kublai at the mobile court; Kublai granted him a golden tally and appointed him darughachi of the Military Colony Office of Shou and Ying Prefectures. Much land in the two prefectures lay fallow; a tiger had devoured a man's wife, and the husband came to report it. Biedeyin was silent a long while, then said, "This is easily dealt with. He erected a cage with a spring trap and tied a lamb inside to bait the tiger. At midnight the tiger came; the trap sprang and the tiger fell into the cage; he shot it and the tiger died. After that, tiger attacks ceased entirely. In the thirteenth year of Zhiyuan he was appointed General of Illustrious Might and darughachi of Xinyang Prefecture, with a golden tally. Xinyang too was plagued by tigers. Not long after Biedeyin arrived, he went hunting one day with a horse blanket draped over the saddle, ordered his men to set fire to the hills, and when a tiger bolted he flung the blanket at it; the tiger clawed at the blanket, dropped to the ground, and roared; Biedeyin wheeled his horse, took aim, and shot—the tiger fell dead on the spot. In the sixteenth year he was promoted to General of Propagating Might and Deputy Darughachi of Changde Circuit. When Vice Administrator Li Mingxiu rose in rebellion, Biedeyin asked leave to ride alone to summon him; he went straight to the rebel camp, which dismissed him and made no preparation. Biedeyin spoke of the court's grace and urged Mingxiu to find a way to redeem himself; Mingxiu, who had long feared and respected him, went back with him. Biedeyin reported to court; Mingxiu was executed and the rebellion was suppressed. In the thirty-first year he was promoted to Grand General Who Cherishes the Distant and transferred to darughachi of Chizhou Circuit. On his way to take up office he passed through Yingshang. Ying lies near Jing Mountain, where wild boars sometimes came out to ravage the people's crops, and none could stop them. Learning that Biedeyin was coming, the people met him at the district border and told him why. Biedeyin said, "Have no fear. He went to Jing Mountain and shot the boar with wolf-tooth arrows; it ran several li. In the thirteenth year of Dade he was promoted to Grand General of Manifest Courage and darughachi of Taizhou Circuit. He died at the age of eighty-one.
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子不花，僉嶺南廣西道肅政廉訪司事； 文圭，有隱德，贈秘書監著作郎； 延壽，湯陰縣達魯花赤。 孫守恭，曾孫與權，皆讀書登進士科，人多稱之。
His son Buhua was Commissioner of the Surveillance Commission for Integrity of the Lingnan and Guangxi Circuit; Wengui possessed hidden virtue and was posthumously granted Compiler in the Secretariat Directorate; Yanshou was darughachi of Tangyin County. His grandson Shougong and great-grandson Yuquan both took up study and passed the jinshi examination; many praised them.