1
来阿八赤
Lai'abachi
2
来阿八赤,宁夏人。 父术速忽里,归太祖,选居宿卫,继命掌膳事。 宪宗即位,大举伐宋,攻钓鱼山,命诸将议进取之计,术速忽里言于帝曰:「川蜀之地,三分我有其二,所未附者巴江以下数十州而已,地削势弱,兵粮皆仰给东南,故死守以抗我师。 蜀地岩险,重庆、合州又其籓屏,皆新筑之城,依险为固,今顿兵坚城之下,未见其利。 曷若城二城之间,选锐卒五万,命宿将守之,与成都旧兵相出入,不时扰之,以牵制其援师。 然后我师乘新集之锐,用降人为乡导,水陆东下,破忠、涪、万、夔诸小郡,平其城,俘其民,俟冬水涸,瞿唐三峡不日可下,出荆楚,与鄂州渡江诸军合势,如此则东南之事一举可定。 其上流重庆、合州,孤危无援,不降即走矣。」 诸将曰「攻城则功在顷刻」,反以其言为迂,卒不用。 于是博选宿卫中材力可任用者,以阿八赤奉命往监元帅纽邻军,遏宋人援兵,驻重庆下流之铜罗峡,夹江据崖为垒。 宋都统甘顺自夔州溯流西上,乘舟来攻。 阿八赤预积薪于二垒,明火鼓噪,矢石如雨,顺流而进。 宋人力战不能支,退保西岸,敛兵自固。 黎明复至,阿八赤身率精兵,缘崖而下,战舰复进,宋人败走,杀伤数千人。 帝闻而壮之,赐银二铤。 宪宗崩,阿八赤从父倍道归燕。 世祖即位,问以川蜀之事,阿八赤历陈始末,诵其父前所言以对,世祖抚掌曰:「当时若从此策,东南其足平乎! 朕在鄂渚,日望上流之声势耳。」
Lai'abachi was from Ningxia. His father Shusuhuli had submitted to Taizu, been chosen for the imperial guard, and later put in charge of the imperial kitchens. After Emperor Xianzong came to the throne he mounted a major campaign against Song and laid siege to Diaoyu Mountain. When he asked his generals how best to advance, Shusuhuli told him: "We already hold two-thirds of Sichuan. Only a few dozen prefectures south of the Ba River still hold out. Their territory is shrunken and their position weak; troops and grain all depend on the southeast, so they are fighting to the death to hold us off. Sichuan is rugged and hard to traverse. Chongqing and Hezhou are its outer defenses—newly built cities that lean on the terrain for strength. Keeping our army pinned beneath such strongholds brings no clear gain. Better to build camps between the two cities, pick fifty thousand elite troops, put veteran commanders in charge, and let them move in and out with the garrison at Chengdu, raiding whenever opportunity allows to pin down Song relief columns. Our forces could then strike while morale is fresh, use defectors as guides, and drive east by land and water through the smaller prefectures of Zhong, Fu, Wan, and Kui—taking their towns and people. When winter low water opens the Qutang Gorge, we can break into Jing-Chu, join the armies crossing the Yangzi from Ezhou, and settle the southeast in one campaign. Chongqing and Hezhou upstream, cut off and unsupported, would surrender or flee." The generals replied that storming cities would win glory in a moment, dismissed his plan as roundabout, and never adopted it. The court then picked the ablest men from the imperial guard and sent Abaqi to oversee Marshal Niulin's army, block Song reinforcements, and camp at Tongluo Gorge downstream from Chongqing, building cliff-side forts on both banks of the river. Song commander Gan Shun sailed up from Kuizhou to attack. Abaqi had stacked fuel at both forts. When the Song fleet came downstream he lit fires, beat drums, and rained arrows and stones upon them. The Song troops fought hard but gave way, pulled back to the west bank, and regrouped. At dawn they returned. Abaqi led elite troops down the cliffs while his ships pressed forward again. The Song army broke and fled; thousands were killed or wounded. The emperor was impressed and rewarded him with two silver ingots. When Emperor Xianzong died, Abaqi hurried north with his father to Yan. After Kublai took the throne he asked about the Sichuan campaign. Abaqi laid out what had happened and quoted his father's earlier advice. The emperor clapped his hands and said, "If we had followed that plan, would the southeast still be unconquered? When I was at Ezhou I waited every day for word from up the river."
3
至元七年,南征襄樊,发河南、北器械粮储悉聚于淮西之义阳。 虑宋人剽掠,命阿八赤督运,二日而毕。 既还,世祖大悦,以银一铤赐之。 十四年,立尚膳院,授中顺大夫、同知尚膳院事。 十八年,佩三珠虎符,授通奉大夫、益都等路宣慰使、都元帅。 发兵万人开运河,阿八赤往来督视,寒暑不辍。 有两卒自伤其手,以示不可用,阿八赤檄枢密并行省奏闻,斩之以惩不律。 运河既开,迁胶莱海道漕运使。 二十一年,调同佥宣徽院事。 辽左不宁,复降虎符,授征东招讨使。 阿八赤招徠降附,期以自新,远近帖然。 二十二年,授征东宣慰使、都元帅。
In Zhiyuan 7, during the campaign against Xiangyang and Fancheng, arms and grain from Henan and the north were concentrated at Yiyang on the western Huai. Fearing Song raids, the court put Abaqi in charge of transport; he finished in two days. On his return the emperor was delighted and gave him a silver ingot. In year 14 the Imperial Kitchen Directorate was founded and he was made associate director with the rank of Grand Master of Palace Attendance. In year 18 he received the three-pearl tiger tally and was appointed pacification commissioner of Yidu and other circuits and grand marshal, with the rank of Grand Master for Court Audience. Ten thousand men were sent to dig the canal. Abaqi oversaw the work in person through summer and winter without pause. Two soldiers maimed their hands to avoid service. Abaqi reported them through the military bureau and branch secretariat and had them executed as a warning. When the canal was finished he was made transport commissioner for the Jiao-Lai sea route. In year 21 he was transferred to the Imperial Entertainments Office as associate controller. When eastern Liaodong grew restless he received a new tiger tally and was made pacification commissioner for the eastern campaign. Abaqi brought in those who submitted, offered them a fresh start, and soon the region was quiet from end to end. In year 22 he was made eastern pacification commissioner and grand marshal.
4
皇子镇南王征交趾,授湖广等处行中书省右丞,召见,世祖亲解衣衣之,并金玉束带及弓矢甲胄赐焉。 二十四年,改湖广等处行尚书省右丞,诏四省所发士马,俾阿八赤阅视。 九月,领中卫亲军千人,翊导皇子至思明州。 贼阻险拒守,于是选精锐与贼战于女兒关,斩馘万计,余兵弃关走。 于是大军深入,进至交州,陈日烜空其城而遁。 阿八赤曰:「贼弃巢穴而匿山海者,意待吾之敝而乘之耳。 将士多北人,春夏之交瘴疠作,贼弗就擒,吾不能持久矣。 今出兵分定其地,招降纳附,勿纵士卒侵掠,急捕日烜,此策之善者也。」 时日烜屡遣使约降,欲以赂缓我师。 诸将皆信其说,且修城以居而待其至。 久之,军乏食,日烜不降,拥众据竹洞、安邦海口。 阿八赤率兵往攻之,屡与贼遇,昼夜迎战,贼兵败遁。 会将士多疫不能进,而诸蛮复叛,所得关厄皆失守,乃议班师。 选诸军步骑,命先启行,且战且行,日数十合。 贼据高险,射毒矢,将士裹疮以战,诸军护皇子出贼境,阿八赤中毒矢三,首项股皆肿,遂卒。
When Prince Zhennan marched on Annam, Abaqi was made right chancellor of the Huguang branch secretariat. At court Kublai took off his own robe and put it on him, and gave him a jade-and-gold belt, bow and arrows, and armor. In year 24 he became right chancellor of the Huguang branch department of state affairs, and was ordered to inspect troops and horses raised by the four provinces. In the ninth month he led a thousand Central Guard troops escorting the prince to Siming. The enemy held the passes. Abaqi picked elite troops, fought them at Nü'er Pass, and killed tens of thousands; the rest abandoned the pass and ran. The main army pushed inland to Jiaozhou, where Chen Rixuan evacuated the city and withdrew. Abaqi said, "They left their capital and hid in the hills because they mean to wait until we are worn down, then hit us. Most of our men are northerners. Malaria rises in late spring and summer. If we do not catch the enemy soon we cannot stay. Send troops to secure the country piece by piece, accept surrenders, forbid looting, and seize Rixuan quickly—that is the sound plan." Rixuan kept sending envoys offering surrender, hoping bribes would slow our advance. The generals believed him, repaired the city, and settled in to wait for him to come in. Time passed, supplies ran short, and Rixuan never surrendered. He massed troops at Zhudong and Anbang Harbor. Abaqi marched against them, met the enemy again and again, and fought day and night until they broke and fled. Then sickness swept the army and they could not advance. The tribal peoples rose again and every pass we had taken was lost, so withdrawal was debated. He picked infantry and cavalry from every unit to lead the march, fighting their way out with dozens of clashes each day. The enemy held the high ground and shot poisoned arrows. Men fought on with bandaged wounds while the army escorted the prince out of hostile country. Abaqi took three poisoned arrows; his head, neck, and thigh swelled, and he died.
5
子寄僧,为水达达屯田总管府达鲁花赤。 乃颜叛,战于高丽双城。 调万安军达鲁花赤。 平黎蛮有功,迁雷州路总管,卒。 孙完者不花,同知潮州路总管府事; 次秃满不花、也先不花、太不花。
His son Jiseng served as darughachi of the Udaida military colony commission. When Nayan rebelled he fought at Shuangcheng in Korea. He was transferred to be darughachi of Wan'an Army. He distinguished himself pacifying the Li peoples, was promoted to intendant of Leizhou circuit, and died in office. His grandson Wanbuzhehua was associate intendant of Chaozhou; followed by Tumanbuzhehua, Yexianbuzhehua, and Taibuzhehua.
6
○纽璘也速答兒附
○ Appendix: Niulin and Yesudai'er
7
纽璘,珊竹带人。 祖孛罗带,为太祖宿卫,从太宗平金,戍河南。 父太答兒,佐宪宗征阿速、钦察等国有功,拜都元帅。 岁壬子,率陕西西海、巩昌诸军攻宋,入蜀。 癸丑,与总帅汪田哥立利州。 甲寅,攻碉门、黎、雅等城。 乙卯,入重庆,获都统制张实。 是岁卒。
Niulin was from Shandudai. His grandfather Boluodai had been in Taizu's guard, followed Taizong in the conquest of Jin, and garrisoned Henan. His father Tada'er served Emperor Xianzong in campaigns against the Alans and Cumans, earned distinction, and was made grand marshal. In the renzi year he led Shaanxi, Xihai, and Gongchang troops against Song and entered Sichuan. In guichou he and Commander Wang Tiange established Lizhou. In jiayin he attacked Diaomen, Li, Ya, and other towns. In yimao he took Chongqing and captured Song commander Zhang Shi. He died that same year.
8
纽璘伟貌长身,勇力绝人,且多谋略,常从父军中。 丁巳岁,宪宗命将兵万人略地,自利州下白水,过大获山,出梁山军直抵夔门。 戊午,还钓鱼山,引军欲会都元帅阿答胡等于成都。 宋制置使蒲择之,遣安抚刘整、都统制段元鉴等,率众据遂宁江箭滩渡以断东路。 纽璘军至,不能渡,自旦至暮大战,斩首二千七百餘级,遂长驱至成都。 帝闻,赐金帛劳之。 蒲择之命杨大渊等守剑门及灵泉山,自将四川兵取成都。 会阿答胡死,诸王阿卜干与诸将脱林带等谋曰:「今宋兵日逼,闻我帅死,必悉众来攻,其锋不可当。 我军去朝廷远,待上命建大帅,然后御敌,恐无及已。 不若推纽璘为长,以号令诸将,出彼不意,敌可必破。」 众然之,遂推纽璘为长。 璘率诸将大破宋军于灵泉山,乘胜追擒韩勇,斩之,蒲择之兵溃。 进围云顶山城,扼宋军归路。 其主将仓卒失计,遂以其众降。 城中食尽,亦杀其守将以降。 成都、彭、汉、怀、绵等州悉平,威、茂诸蕃亦来附。 纽璘奉金银、竹箭、银销刀,遣速哥入献。 帝赐黄金五十两,即军中真拜都元帅。
Niulin was tall and striking, possessed extraordinary strength, and was gifted in strategy. He often campaigned with his father. In dingsi Emperor Xianzong gave him ten thousand men to raid enemy territory. He left Lizhou down the Baishui, crossed Dahu Mountain, passed Liangshan, and reached Kuimen. In wuwu he returned to Diaoyu Mountain and marched to join Grand Marshal Adahu at Chengdu. Song commissioner Pu Zezhi sent Liu Zheng, Duan Yuanjian, and others to hold Jiangjian Ford on the Suining River and block the eastern route. Niulin's army arrived but could not cross. They fought from dawn to dusk, killed more than twenty-seven hundred men, and pushed on to Chengdu. The emperor heard and rewarded him with gold and silk. Pu Zezhi left Yang Dayuan to hold Jianmen and Lingquan Mountain and led Sichuan troops himself to retake Chengdu. Adahu died just then. Prince Abugan and generals including Tuolindai said, "Song pressure is growing daily. Once they hear our commander is dead they will throw everything at us, and we cannot meet that shock. We are far from court. Waiting for orders to appoint a new commander before we fight may be too late. Better to put Niulin in command. Surprise them and the enemy will surely break." All agreed, and Niulin was chosen to lead. Niulin led the generals to a great victory at Lingquan Mountain, pursued and captured Han Yong and executed him, and Pu Zezhi's army collapsed. He besieged Yunding Mountain City and cut off the Song army's retreat. The commander panicked, lost his bearings, and surrendered with his troops. When the city's food ran out the defenders killed their commander and surrendered. Chengdu, Peng, Han, Huai, Mian, and other prefectures were pacified, and the Wei and Mao tribes submitted as well. Niulin sent gold and silver, bamboo arrows, and silver-inlaid knives to court through Suke. The emperor gave him fifty taels of gold and on the spot confirmed him as grand marshal.
9
时纽璘军止二万,以五千命拜延八都鲁等守成都,自将万五千人从马湖趋重庆。 冬,帝进军至大获山,纽璘率步骑号五万,战船二百艘,发成都。 遣张威以五百人为前锋,水陆并进,谋锁重庆江,以绝吴、蜀之路,缚桥资州之口以济师。 千户暗都剌率舟师而下,纽璘将步骑而南,旌旗辎重百里不绝,鼓噪渡泸,放舟而东。 蒲择之以兵分道要遮,遇辄败之。 纽璘至涪,造浮桥,驻军桥南北,以杜宋援兵。 闻大军多虐疠,遣人进牛犬豕各万头。 明年春,朝行在所,还讨思、播二州,获其将一人。 宋将吕文焕攻涪浮桥,时新立成都,士马不耐其水土,多病死,纽璘忧之。 密旨督战,不得已出师,大败文焕军,获其将二人,斩之,遂班师。 文焕以兵袭其后,纽璘战却之。
Niulin had only twenty thousand men. He left five thousand under Bayan Badulu to hold Chengdu and led fifteen thousand from Mahu toward Chongqing. That winter the emperor advanced to Dahu Mountain. Niulin marched from Chengdu with a reported fifty thousand foot and horse and two hundred warships. He sent Zhang Wei with five hundred men as vanguard by land and water, planned to seal the Chongqing River and sever Wu-Shu communications, and bridged the Zizhou crossing for his army. Thousand-household commander Andula took the fleet downstream while Niulin drove the army south. Supply trains stretched for a hundred li. With drums beating they crossed the Lu and sailed east. Pu Zezhi tried to block him on several roads; Niulin defeated every force he met. At Fu he built a pontoon bridge and camped on both banks to block Song reinforcements. Learning that the main army was ravaged by disease, he sent ten thousand cattle, dogs, and pigs as supplies. The following spring he reported to the emperor's camp, then campaigned in Si and Bo and captured an enemy general. Song general Lü Wenhuan attacked the Fu bridge. Chengdu had only just been secured; men and horses sickened in the climate, and Niulin was deeply worried. A secret order forced him into battle. He routed Lü Wenhuan, captured two of his generals and executed them, then withdrew. Lü Wenhuan attacked his rear; Niulin turned and drove him off.
10
中统元年,世祖即位,纽璘入朝,赐虎符及黄金五十两、白金二千五百两、马二匹。 纽璘遣梁载立招降黎、雅、碉门、岩州、偏林关诸蛮,得汉、番二万余户。 未几,诏速哥分西川兵及陕西诸军属纽璘,镇秦、巩、唐兀之地。 三年,宋将刘整以泸州降,吕文焕围之,诏以兵往援,文焕败走,遂徙泸州民于成都、潼川。 四年,为刘整所谮,徵至上都,验问无状,诏释之。 还至昌平,卒。 子也速答兒。
In Zhongtong 1, when Kublai took the throne, Niulin came to court and received a tiger tally, fifty taels of gold, twenty-five hundred taels of silver, and two horses. Niulin sent Liang Zaili to bring in the Li, Ya, Diaomen, Yanzhou, and Pianlin Pass tribes, winning more than twenty thousand Han and tribal households. Soon Suke was ordered to place western Sichuan and Shaanxi troops under Niulin, who garrisoned Qin, Gong, and Tangut territory. In year 3 Song general Liu Zheng surrendered Luzhou. Lü Wenhuan besieged the city until relief troops drove him off; Luzhou's people were then moved to Chengdu and Tongchuan. In year 4 Liu Zheng slandered him. Summoned to the Upper Capital and investigated, he was cleared and released. He died at Changping on the way back. His son was Yesudai'er.
11
也速答兒勇智类其父,至元十一年,入见世祖,以属行枢密院火都赤,使习兵事。 从围嘉定,以三千人至三龟、九顶山相地形势,败宋安抚昝万寿兵,斩首五百级,以功赐虎符,授六翼达鲁花赤。 昝万寿寻遣部将李立以嘉定、三龟、九顶、紫云诸城寨降。 又从行枢密副使忽敦率兵徇下流诸城,皆望风来附。 忽敦以兵二万会东川行枢密院合答围重庆,岁余不下,帝命行枢密副使不花代将。 不花将兵万余至城下,也速答兒率二十餘骑攻其门。 宋都统赵安出战,也速答兒三入其军,再挟猛士以出。 大兵四集,斩首五百餘级。 赵安开门降,制置使张珏遁,追至涪州擒之。 捷闻,帝赐玉带、钞五千贯,授西川蒙古军马六翼新附军招讨使,迁四川西道宣慰使,加都元帅。
Yesudai'er matched his father in courage and wit. In Zhiyuan 11 he was presented at court and assigned to Huoduchi of the mobile military bureau to learn campaigning. During the siege of Jiading he took three thousand men to scout Sangu and Jiuding mountains, defeated Song commissioner Zan Wanshou, killed five hundred men, and for this was given a tiger tally and made darughachi of the Six Wings. Soon Zan Wanshou sent his officer Li Li to surrender Jiading, Sangu, Jiuding, Ziyun, and the other strongholds. He again followed Vice Commissioner Hudun downriver; city after city submitted at his approach. Hudun mustered twenty thousand men and joined Heda of the Eastern Sichuan mobile military bureau in the siege of Chongqing. More than a year passed without success, and the Emperor replaced Hudun with Vice Commissioner Buhua. Buhua brought more than ten thousand troops beneath the walls, and Yesudai'er led twenty-odd horsemen in an assault on the gate. Song commander Zhao An came out to fight; three times Yesudai'er rode into his ranks and twice seized fierce warriors and dragged them out alive. When the main army closed in from all sides, they took more than five hundred heads. Zhao An opened the gate and surrendered. Pacification Commissioner Zhang Yu fled but was pursued to Fuzhou and captured. Word of the victory reached court; the Emperor gave him a jade belt and five thousand strings of paper money, made him pacification commissioner over the Six Wings of Western Sichuan Mongol cavalry and newly submitted troops, promoted him to pacification commissioner of Sichuan's western circuit, and added the rank of grand marshal.
12
罗氏鬼国亦奚不薛叛,诏以四川兵会雲南、江南兵讨之。 至会灵关,亦奚不薛遣先锋阿麻、阿豆等将数万众迎敌,也速答兒驰入其军,挟阿麻、阿豆出,斩之。 亦奚不薛惧,率所部五万余户降。 以功拜西川等处行中书省右丞,加赐金帛鞍辔。 西南夷雄左、都掌蛮得兰右叛,诏以兵讨降之,改四川等处行枢密副使。 冬,乌蒙蛮阴连都掌蛮以叛,诏以兵会雲南行院拜答力进讨。 也速答兒擒乌蒙蛮,帝赐玉带、织金服,迁蒙古军都万户,复赐银鼠裘,镇唐兀之地。 进同知四川等处行枢密院事,仍居镇。 成宗即位,拜四川等处行中书省平章政事。 武宗时,由四川迁雲南,加左丞相,仍为平章政事。 南征叛蛮,感瘴毒,还至成都卒。
The Luoshi Ghost Country and Yixibuxi rebelled, and an edict ordered Sichuan troops to join forces from Yunnan and Jiangnan to crush them. At Huiling Pass, Yixibuxi sent vanguard commanders Ama and Adou with tens of thousands to oppose them. Yesudai'er galloped into their ranks, seized Ama and Adou, brought them out, and executed them. Terrified, Yixibuxi surrendered with more than fifty thousand households under his command. For his service he was made right counsellor of the Western Sichuan branch secretariat and given gold, silk, a saddle, and bridle. The southwestern Yi chieftain Xiongzuo and the Duzhang barbarian Delanyou rebelled. Troops were sent to quell them, and he was reassigned as vice commissioner of the Sichuan mobile military bureau. That winter the Wumeng joined the Duzhang in a secret rebellion. An edict sent troops to join Bayadali of the Yunnan mobile bureau in a punitive campaign. Yesudai'er captured the Wumeng rebels. The Emperor gave him a jade belt and brocade robe, made him grand commander of the Mongol army, added a silver-marten fur coat, and posted him to garrison the Tangut frontier. He was promoted to associate commissioner of the Sichuan mobile military bureau while remaining at his post. When Chengzong took the throne, he was made left councillor of the Sichuan branch secretariat. Under Wuzong he moved from Sichuan to Yunnan, was given the added rank of left chancellor, and kept his councillor's post. On a southern campaign against rebel tribes he succumbed to malaria and died at Chengdu on the return march.
13
弟八剌,袭为蒙古军万户。 八剌卒,次子拜延袭,拜四川行省左丞; 长子南加台,官至四川行省平章政事。
His younger brother Bala inherited the command of ten thousand in the Mongol army. After Bala died, his second son Baiyan inherited the post and was appointed left counsellor of the Sichuan branch secretariat; His eldest son Najatai rose to become left councillor of the Sichuan branch secretariat.
14
○阿剌罕
○ Alahan
15
阿剌罕,札剌兒氏。 祖拨彻,事太祖,为火而赤,又为博而赤,攻城掠地,数有战功。 太宗即位,仍以其职从征陇北、陕西,身先战士,死焉。 父也柳干,幼隶皇子岳里吉为卫士长。 岁乙未,从皇子阔出、忽都秃南征,累功授万户,迁天下马步禁军都元帅。 及大将察罕卒,也柳干领其职,拜诸翼军马都元帅,统大军攻淮东、西诸郡。 戊午,战死扬州。 阿剌罕袭为诸翼蒙古军马都元帅。 己未,从世祖渡江,至鄂而还。
Alahan was a Jala'ir Mongol. His grandfather Boqche served Taizu as a huo'erchi and later a bo'erchi, took cities and ground, and won repeated battlefield honors. When Taizong took the throne, Boqche still held his post and followed the campaign into Longbei and Shaanxi. He led from the front and died in battle. His father Yeliugan entered service young as captain of the guard to Prince Yelügi. In the yiwei year he followed Princes Kuochu and Hudutu south. For repeated merit he was made commander of ten thousand and then grand marshal of the empire's horse and foot forbidden troops. When the great general Chaghan died, Yeliugan took his command, was made grand marshal of all wings' horse troops, and led a great army against the Huai east and west. In the wuwu year he was killed fighting at Yangzhou. Alahan inherited command as grand marshal of all wings' Mongol cavalry. In the jiwei year he followed Shizu across the Yangzi as far as Ezhou and then turned back.
16
世祖即位,从至末黎伯颜孛剌。 宗王阿里不哥称兵内向,阿剌罕以所部军击破阿蓝带兒、浑都海之兵于昔门秃,追至河西,以功赐金五十两。 中统三年,李璮叛,据济南,大军讨之。 阿剌罕与璮战于老仓口,败之。 璮伏诛,授都元帅,赐金虎符、银印。
When Shizu ascended the throne, Alahan followed him to Moli, Erbai Borijin. When Prince Ariq Böke took up arms and marched south, Alahan routed the forces of Alandai'er and Qundaqai at Ximentu, pursued them into Hexi, and was rewarded with fifty liang of gold. In Zhongtong 3 Li Tan rebelled and seized Jinan; a great army was dispatched against him. Alahan defeated Tan at Laocangkou. After Tan was executed, Alahan was made grand marshal and given a gold tiger tally and silver seal.
17
至元四年春,改上万户,从都元帅阿术伐宋。 九月,师次襄阳西安阳滩,逆战宋兵,败之。 五年,大军围襄樊,阿剌罕守南面百丈山、漫河滩,兵累交,宋不能师。 十年春,樊城破,襄阳降。 十一年秋,丞相伯颜与阿术会师襄阳,遣阿剌罕率诸翼军攻郢、复诸州。 十月,夺郢州南门堡。 丞相伯颜、阿术亲率骑兵行视汉阳城壁,欲取汉口渡江。 宋人以精兵扼汉口,乃遣阿剌罕帅蒙古骑兵倍道兼行,击破沙芜堡,遂入江,取鄂州。 阿剌罕同断事官杨仁风东略寿昌,得米四十万斛,遂统左翼军顺流东下,沿江州郡悉降,乃抚辑其人民。 十二年六月,加昭毅大将军、蒙古汉军上万户,屯驻建康。 丞相伯颜受诏赴阙,以阿剌罕留治省事,拜中奉大夫、参知政事。 丞相伯颜还军中,分军为三道并进。 阿剌罕由西道趋溧水、溧阳,攻破银树东坝,至护牙山庆丰圬,败宋军,斩首七千级,又擒其将祝亮,并裨校七十二人,斩首三千级。 又与宋兵战,斩首七千级,逐其援兵退走数十里。 又败其都统等三人,斩首三千级。 破建平县,杀其守吏。 进攻广德军独松关。 先是,宋广德守张濡杀国信使廉希贤、严忠范等于独松关,及阿剌罕军次安吉州上柏镇,濡率兵来拒战,大败之,斩首二千级,生擒其副将冯翼,戮于军前。 濡遁走,追斩之。 十三年春,宋以国降,诏阿剌罕同左丞董文炳率高兴等,攻浙东温、台、衢、婺、处、明、越及闽中诸郡,降其运使、提刑等五百人。 追袭宋嗣秀王赵与BT至安福县,与BT以军三万来拒战,阿剌罕身先士卒,率高兴、撒里蛮等渡江,鏖战四十餘里,斩其步帅观察使李世达,生擒与BT及其将吏百八十人,悉斩之,获其铜印五、军资器仗无算。 泉州蒲寿庚降。 江南平,以参知政事佩金虎符,行江东宣慰使。 十四年,入觐,进资善大夫、行中书省左丞,俄迁右丞,仍宣慰江东。 十八年,召拜光禄大夫、中书左丞相、行中书省事,统蒙古军四十万征日本,行次庆元,卒于军中。 子拜降袭,累迁江浙行中书省平章政事,仍领本军万户。 拜降卒,弟也速迭兒袭,由左手蒙古军万户累迁河南江北行省平章政事,兼山东河北蒙古军大都督。
In the spring of Zhiyuan 4 he was promoted to commander of ten thousand upper rank and followed Grand Marshal Aju against Song. In the ninth month the army halted at Xi'anyang Bank below Xiangyang, met the Song in battle, and routed them. In year 5 the great army besieged Xiangyang and Fancheng. Alahan held Baizhang Mountain and Manhe Bank on the southern front through repeated clashes, and the Song could not break the siege. In the spring of year 10 Fancheng fell and Xiangyang surrendered. In the autumn of year 11 Chancellor Bayan and Aju joined at Xiangyang and dispatched Alahan with the wing armies to take Ying, Fu, and the other prefectures. In the tenth month they took the South Gate fort at Ying Prefecture. Bayan and Aju personally led cavalry to inspect Hanyang's walls, planning to cross the Yangzi at Hankou. Song elite troops held Hankou, so they sent Alahan with Mongol cavalry on forced marches. He broke Shawu fort, entered the river line, and took Ezhou. With judicial officer Yang Renfeng, Alahan raided east into Shouchang and seized four hundred thousand hu of rice. He then led the left wing downstream; every prefecture along the river submitted, and he set about pacifying the people. In the sixth month of year 12 he was made Generalissimo of Manifest Valor and commander of ten thousand upper rank over Mongol and Han troops, and encamped at Jiankang. Bayan was recalled to court; Alahan was left to run the secretariat and made assistant administrator with the rank of grand master of palace attendance. When Bayan returned to the army, the force was split into three columns and advanced together. Alahan took the western route through Lishui and Liyang, broke the Yingshu East Dam, and at Huyashan's Qingfeng embankment routed the Song, taking seven thousand heads. He also captured general Zhu Liang and seventy-two subordinate officers, beheading three thousand more. He fought the Song again, taking seven thousand heads and driving their relief force back more than ten li. He again defeated three Song commanders-in-chief and took three thousand heads. He overran Jianping County and killed its defending officials. He pressed the attack on Dusong Pass in Guangde Army. Earlier, Guangde's defender Zhang Ru had killed the envoys Lian Xixian and Yan Zhongfan at Dusong Pass. When Alahan halted at Shangbai in Anji, Ru came out to fight and was crushed: two thousand heads were taken, and deputy Feng Yi was captured alive and executed before the ranks. Ru fled; they pursued him and cut him down. In the spring of year 13 the Song surrendered the realm. Alahan was ordered, with Left Counsellor Dong Wenbing, to lead Gao Xing and others against Wen, Tai, Qu, Wu, Chu, Ming, and Yue in eastern Zhejiang and the Fujian commanderies, accepting the surrender of five hundred transport and judicial officials. Pursuing Song Prince Xi Zhao Yifu to Anfu County, they met his army of thirty thousand. Alahan led from the front; with Gao Xing, Sariman, and others he crossed the river and fought fiercely for more than forty li. They killed infantry commander Li Shida, captured Zhao Yifu and one hundred eighty of his officers — all were executed — and took five bronze seals and countless arms and supplies. Pu Shougen of Quanzhou surrendered. After Jiangnan was pacified he served as acting pacification commissioner of Jiangdong, retaining his assistant administrator's rank and gold tiger tally. In year 14 he went to court, was promoted to grand master for the good of the heir apparent and left counsellor of the branch secretariat, soon moved to right counsellor, and continued to oversee Jiangdong. In year 18 he was summoned as grand master of splendid happiness and left chancellor of the central secretariat, with charge of branch secretariat affairs. He commanded four hundred thousand Mongol troops for the Japan expedition and died at Qingyuan on the march. His son Baijiang inherited the post, rose to left councillor of the Jiang-Zhe branch secretariat, and still commanded his hereditary ten-thousand. After Baijiang died, his younger brother Yesudie'er inherited the command. Starting as commander of ten thousand of the left-hand Mongol army, he rose to left councillor of the Henan-Jiangbei branch secretariat and grand commander of the Shandong-Hebei Mongol army.
18
○阿塔海阿塔海,逊都思人。 祖塔海拔都兒,骁勇善战,尝从太祖同饮黑河水,以功为千户。 父卜花袭职,卒。 阿塔海魁伟有大度,才略过人。 既袭千户,从大帅兀良合歹征雲南,身先行阵。 师还,事世祖于潜邸。 至元九年,命驰驿督诸军攻襄阳。 襄阳下,第功授镇国上将军、淮西行枢密院副使。 筑正阳东西城。 五月霖雨,宋将夏贵乘淮水溢,来争正阳。 阿塔海率众御之,贵走,追至安丰城下而还。 拜中书右丞、行枢密院事。 渡江,与丞相伯颜军合。 克池州。 十二年,师次建康。 宋镇江摄守石祖忠遣使乞降。 扬州守将李庭芝闻之,遣兵突围出击。 阿塔海率师救之,宋兵望风退走。 时真、泰诸城尚为宋守,镇江地扼襟喉,城壁不固,阿塔海乃立木栅,以保障居民。 又分兵屯瓜洲,以绝扬州之援。 宋将张世杰、孙虎臣帅舟师陈于江中焦山下,其势甚张,阿塔海与平章阿术登南岸督诸军大破之。 宋殿帅张彦与平江都统刘师勇袭吕城,遣万户怀都击之,斩彦。 十月,并行枢密院于行中书省,仍以阿塔海为右丞。 克常州,降平江、嘉兴。 十三年正月,会兵临安,宋降,以其幼主、母后入觐。 诏复趋瓜洲,与阿术议淮南事宜,淮南平。 详见伯颜、阿术传。 十四年,授荣禄大夫、平章政事、行中书省事。 十五年二月,召赴阙,拜光禄大夫、行中书省左丞相,移治临安。 二十年,迁征东行省丞相,征日本。 遇风,舟坏,丧师十七、八。 二十二年,行同知沿江枢密院事。 二十三年,行江西中书省事,入朝。 二十四年,扈从征乃颜。 师还,奉朝请居京师。 二十六年十二月卒,年五十六,赠推忠翊运宣力功臣、开府仪同三司、太师、上柱国,追封顺昌郡王,谥武敏。 子阿里麻,江淮行枢密副使,累官至江南诸道行御史臺御史大夫,卒。
○ Atahai. Atahai was a Xundusi tribesman. His grandfather Tabai Badu'er was a fierce warrior. He once drank with Taizu at the Black River and was made commander of a thousand for his service. His father Bohua inherited the post and died in office. Atahai was imposing and magnanimous, with talent and strategy beyond ordinary men. After inheriting his thousand, he followed Uriyangqadai against Yunnan and always placed himself at the head of the line. When the army returned he entered service with Shizu at the prince's residence. In Zhiyuan 9 he was ordered to ride relay post and direct all forces against Xiangyang. After Xiangyang fell he was graded for merit and made general superior in stabilizing the state and vice commissioner of the Huai-West mobile military bureau. He built the eastern and western citadels at Zhengyang. In the fifth month of heavy rains, Song general Xia Gui exploited the swollen Huai and came to contest Zhengyang. Atahai met him in force; Gui fled, and they pursued to the walls of Anfeng before turning back. He was appointed right counsellor of the central secretariat with charge of military affairs. Crossing the Yangzi, he joined Bayan's army. He took Chizhou. In year 12 the army halted at Jiankang. Shi Zuzhong, acting defender of Zhenjiang, sent envoys offering surrender. Hearing this, Yangzhou's defender Li Tingzhi sent troops to break out and attack. Atahai marched to the rescue; the Song troops fled at his approach. Zhen and Tai still held for the Song. Zhenjiang commanded a vital junction but its walls were weak, so Atahai put up wooden palisades to protect the people. He also posted troops at Guazhou to cut off relief for Yangzhou. Song generals Zhang Shijie and Sun Huchen anchored a fleet below Jiaoshan with great show of force. Atahai and Councillor Aju took the south bank and directed a crushing victory. Song palace guard Zhang Yan and Pingjiang commander Liu Shiyong raided Lucheng. Atahai sent Commander of Ten Thousand Huaidu against them and killed Yan. In the tenth month the mobile military bureau was merged with the branch secretariat, and Atahai remained as right counsellor. He took Changzhou and accepted the surrender of Pingjiang and Jiaxing. In the first month of year 13 the armies converged on Lin'an. Song surrendered, and the boy emperor and empress dowager were brought to court. He was ordered back to Guazhou; with Aju he settled Huainan affairs and pacified the region. For fuller detail see the biographies of Bayan and Aju. In year 14 he was made grand master of glorious happiness, councillor, with charge of branch secretariat affairs. In the second month of year 15 he was summoned to court as grand master of splendid happiness and left chancellor of the branch secretariat, and moved his seat of government to Lin'an. In year 20 he was transferred to chancellor of the eastern expedition branch secretariat for the campaign against Japan. A storm wrecked the fleet and cost them seven or eight men in ten. In year 22 he served as acting associate commissioner of the Yangzi-coast mobile military bureau. In year 23 he administered Jiangxi secretariat affairs and came to court. In year 24 he accompanied the emperor on the campaign against Nayan. When the army returned he received court gentleman for attendance and lived in the capital. He died in the twelfth month of year 26 at fifty-six. Posthumously he was titled meritorious subject who extends loyalty, supports the dynasty, and exerts his strength, with honors matching a generalissimo who opens a government, grand preceptor, and supreme pillar of the state; enfeoffed as Prince of Shunchang Commandery with the posthumous name Wumin. His son Alima was vice commissioner of the Jiang-Huai mobile military bureau; he rose to become censor-in-chief of the Jiangnan mobile censorate and died.
19
○唆都百家奴
○ Suodu Baijianu
20
唆都,扎剌兒氏。 骁勇善战,入宿卫,从征花马国有功。 李璮叛山东,从诸王哈必赤平之。 还,言于朝曰:「郡县恶少年,多从间道鬻马于宋境,乞免其罪,籍为兵。」 从之,得兵三千人。 以千人隶唆都,为千户,命守蔡州。 至元五年,阿术等兵围襄阳,命唆都出巡逻,夺宋金刚台寨、筲基窝、青涧寨、大洪山、归州洞诸隘。 尝猝遇宋兵千餘,持羁勒欲窃马,唆都战败之,斩首三百级。 六年,宋将范文虎率舟师驻灌子滩,丞相史天泽命唆都拒却之。 升总管,分东平卒八百隶之。 九年,攻樊城,唆都先登,城遂破。 襄阳降,再与卒五千,赐弓矢、袭衣、金鞍、白金等物。 入见,升郢复等处招讨使。 十一年,移戍郢州之高港,败宋师,斩首三百级,获裨校九人。 从大军济江,鄂、汉降。 十二年,建康降,参政塔出命唆都入城招集,改建康安抚使。 攻平江、嘉兴,皆下之。 帅舟师会伯颜于阜亭山。 宋平,诏伯颜以宋主入朝,留参政董文炳守临安,令其自择可副者,文炳请留唆都,从之。 时衢、婺诸州皆复起兵,文炳谓唆都曰:「严州不守,临安必危,公往镇之。」 至严方十日,衢、婺、徽连兵来攻,唆都战却之,获章知府等二十二人。 复婺州,败宋将陈路钤于梅岭下,斩首三千级。 又复龙游县。 攻衢州,衢守备甚严,唆都亲率诸军鼓噪登城,拔之,宋丞相留梦炎降。 攻处州,斩首七百级。 又攻建宁府松溪县、怀安县,皆下之。 十四年,升福建道宣慰使,行征南元帅府事,听参政塔出节制。 塔出令唆都取道泉州,泛海会于广州之富场。 将行,信州守臣来求援曰:「元帅不来,信不可守。 今邵武方聚兵观衅,元帅旦往,邵武兵夕至矣。」 唆都告于众曰:「若邵武不下,则腹背受敌,岂独信不可守乎!」 乃遣周万户等往招降之。 唆都趋建宁,遇宋兵于崇安,军容甚盛。 令其子百家奴及杨庭璧等数队夹击之,范万户以三百人伏祝公桥,移剌答以四百人伏北门外。 庭璧陷阵深入,宋兵败走,伏兵起,邀击之,斩首千餘级。 宋丞相文天祥、南剑州都督张清合兵将袭建宁,唆都夜设伏败之。 转战至南剑,败张清,夺其城。 至福州,王积翁以城降。 攻兴化军,知军陈瓚乞降,复闭城拒守。 唆都临城谕之,矢石雨下。 乃造云梯砲石,攻破其城。 巷战终日,斩首三万余级,获瓚,支解以徇。 至漳州,漳州亦拒守,先遣百家奴往会塔出,留攻之,斩首数千级,知府何清降。 攻潮州,知府马发不降,唆都恐失富场之期,乃舍之而去。 十五年,至广州,塔出令还攻潮。 发城守益备,唆都塞堑填濠,造云梯、鹅车,日夜急攻。 发潜遣人焚之,二十餘日不能下,唆都令于众曰:「有能先登者拜爵,已仕者增秩。」 总管兀良哈耳先登,诸将继之,战至夕,宋兵溃,潮州平。 进参知政事,行省福州。 征入见,帝以江南既定,将有事于海外,升左丞,行省泉州,招谕南夷诸国。 十八年,改右丞,行省占城。 十九年,率战船千艘,出广州,浮海伐占城。 占城迎战,兵号二十万。 唆都率敢死士击之,斩首并溺死者五万余人。 又败之于大浪湖,斩首六万级。 占城降,唆都造木为城,辟田以耕。 伐乌里、越里诸小夷,皆下之,积谷十五万以给军。 二十一年,镇南王脱欢征交趾,诏唆都帅师来会,败交趾兵于清化府,夺义安关,降其臣彰宪、昭显。 脱欢命唆都屯天长以就食,与大营相距二百餘里。 俄有旨班师,脱欢引兵还,唆都不知也。 交趾使人告之,弗信,及至大营,则空矣。 交趾遮之于乾满江,唆都战死。 事闻,赠荣禄大夫,谥襄愍。 子百家奴。 百家奴至元五年从元帅阿术攻襄阳,筑新城,数立功。 七年,以质子从郡王合达,败宋兵于灌子滩。 八年夏四月,宋殿帅范文虎等督促粮运,输之襄阳,昼夜不绝。 百家奴乘战船顺流至鹿门山,欲塞宋粮道,出击范文虎军,累获战功,于是河南行省命为管军总把。 后隶丞相伯颜麾下,擢为知印。 从攻鄂州,宋都统赵五帅诸军来迎战,百家奴深入却敌,身被数疮。 攻沙洋,立云梯于东角楼,登城力战,破之,夺其旗帜、弓矢、衣甲。 攻新城,先登,拔之,宋将王安抚弃城宵遁。 伯颜以百家奴前后战功上闻,世祖大悦,曰:「此人之名,朕心不忘,兵还时大用之,朕不食言也。 今且以良家女及银碗一赐之,以为左验。」 从围汉阳,自沙武口曳船入江。 宋制置夏贵来迎战,百家奴与暗答孙突入敌阵击之,宋兵奔溃,遂登江南岸,获其战船、器甲甚多。 转战至黄州,会日暮,追击夏贵至白虎山,夜分乃还。 未几,复攻破金牛坝。 十二年春正月,与千户薛赤干取鸡笼洞,还至瑞昌县,遇夏贵溃兵,复击败之。 是时,宋遣兵救瑞昌,未至而县已下矣。 复击宋救兵,得宋所执北兵五人来归。 围江州,宋安抚吕师夔以城降。 东定池州,击宋平章贾似道及孙虎臣于丁家洲,追逐百里餘,夺战船五艘及旗帜器甲,擒宋统制王文虎,因定黄池。 略地宣州,百家奴为前锋,与敌兵战喃呢湖,败之,夺其战船三百艘。 太平州亦望风款附。 其父唆都因说下建康。 于是伯颜令谒只里论诸将功。 遂赏百家奴银二锭以旌之,仍命为管军总把。 俄从伯颜入朝,加进义校尉,赐银符,为管军总把。 攻丹阳、吕城,破常州,皆有功。 至苏州,宋守臣王安抚以城降。 秀州、湖州皆不烦兵而下。 诸军乘胜直趋临安,宋主出降。 十三年,领新附军守镇江。 未几,复从平章博鲁欢攻泰、寿二州,中疮,遂罢攻。 后数日,与万户叶了虔将兵攻泰州新城,百家奴力疾先登,破之,复被两疮。 已而从阿术攻下扬州诸郡,得宋制置李庭芝、都统姜才,以功升武略将军,赐金符,为管军总管,镇高邮白马湖。 是时,行省以百家奴袭父唆都郢复州招讨使、建康宣抚使,仍领本翼军。 顷之,徇地福建,行定衢、婺、信等州城邑。 至新安县,击斩宋赵监军、詹知县,擒江通判。 道与畲军遇,疾战败之。 鼓行而东,沈安抚以建宁府降。 攻陷南剑州,张清、聂文庆遁去。 闽清、怀安二县传檄而定。 至福州,谕以威德,王安抚率众出降。 攻破兴化,擒陈安抚及白牒都统。 别击东华乡。 张世杰军于泉州,俄领诸军乘战船入海,追逐张世杰于惠州甲子门。 进至同安县答关寨,濒海县镇悉招谕下之。 白望丹、五虎陈以战船三千餘艘来降。 冬十二月,宋二王遣倪宙奉表诣军门降,遂进兵至广州,诸郡县以次降附。 明年春正月,振旅而还,复攻下德胜等寨。 至蒲仙江,聂文庆复败走。 攻潮州,破之,诛马发等数人,广东遂平。 三月,引宙奉降表来朝,未至,授昭勇大将军,赐虎符,管军万户。 七月,遂朝于上都,升镇国上将军、海外诸蕃宣慰使,兼福建道市舶提举,仍领本翼军守福建,俄兼福建道长司宣慰使都元帅。 是时,福建多水灾,百家奴出私钱市米以赈,贫民全活者甚众。 十七年,朝京师,加正奉大夫、宣慰使、都元帅。 二十二年,从父唆都征交趾,唆都力战死之,百家奴遂与脱欢引兵薄交趾境,水陆转战,战辄有功。 二十五年,驿召至南京宣慰司,命括五路民马。 二十七年,除建康路总管。 武宗即位,迁镇江路总管。 至大四年,金疮发,卒于家。
Suodu belonged to the Jalair clan. Fierce and expert in war, he joined the imperial guard and won distinction campaigning against Huama. When Li Tan rebelled in Shandong, he served under Prince Habbichi in putting down the revolt. After returning he told the court, "Across the prefectures and counties, dissolute young men often slip along back trails to sell horses inside Song territory. I ask that their offenses be waived and they be enrolled as troops." The court agreed, yielding three thousand men. A thousand of them were assigned to Suodu as a qianhu command; he was ordered to hold Caizhou. In Zhiyuan 5, as Aju's forces besieged Xiangyang, Suodu was sent on patrol and took the Song outposts at Jingangtai, Shaojiwo, Qingjian, Dahong Mountain, Guizhou Cave, and other passes. He once ran into more than a thousand Song soldiers armed with bridles, bent on horse theft; Suodu routed them and cut down three hundred men. In year 6 the Song general Fan Wenhu anchored a fleet at Guanzitan; Chancellor Shi Tianze sent Suodu to drive him off. Promoted to zongguan, he was given eight hundred men from the Dongping garrison. In year 9, assaulting Fancheng, Suodu led the climb; the city fell. After Xiangyang capitulated he received five thousand more troops, along with bows and arrows, ceremonial dress, a gold saddle, silver, and other rewards. Called to court, he was made pacification commissioner for Ying, Fu, and neighboring districts. In year 11 he shifted his garrison to Gaogang in Yingzhou, beat a Song force, killed three hundred, and took nine officers prisoner. Marching with the main force across the river, he helped bring Ezhou and Hankou to submission. In year 12, after Jiankang surrendered, Vice Administrator Tachu sent Suodu in to rally the populace and appointed him Jiankang pacification commissioner. He took Pingjiang and Jiaxing in turn. He commanded the river force to rendezvous with Bayan at Mount Futing. With Song subdued, the court ordered Bayan to escort the Song emperor north and left Dong Wenbing as vice administrator at Lin'an, free to pick a deputy; Wenbing asked for Suodu, and the request was granted. Qu, Wu, and other prefectures were in revolt again. Wenbing told Suodu, "If Yanzhou falls, Lin'an is finished — go and hold the line there." He had been at Yanzhou only ten days when allied troops from Qu, Wu, and Hui attacked; Suodu beat them back and took Prefect Zhang and twenty-one others. He restored Wuzhou, shattered Song Supervisor Chen below Meiling, and left three thousand dead. He recovered Longyou County as well. Quzhou was tightly held, but Suodu personally led his troops up the walls in a roaring assault and took the city; Song Chancellor Liu Mengyan submitted. Assaulting Chuzhou, he killed seven hundred. He also took Songxi and Huai'an in Jianning Prefecture. In year 14 he was made Fujian circuit pacification commissioner, acting head of the southern campaign marshal's headquarters under Vice Administrator Tachu. Tachu ordered Suodu to march via Quanzhou and put to sea for a rendezvous at Fuchang, near Guangzhou. As he was about to leave, Xinzhou's defenders came pleading: "Without the marshal, Xinzhou cannot stand. Shaowu is massing troops and waiting for a chance to strike; if you reach there at dawn, their forces will be on us by nightfall." Suodu told his officers, "If we leave Shaowu standing, we'll be caught between two fires — Xinzhou won't be the only place we can't hold." He sent Commander Zhou and others to offer terms. Suodu pressed toward Jianning and met a Song army at Chong'an in full battle array. He sent his son Baijianu and Yang Tingbi with several columns to hit them from both flanks, while Commander Fan hid three hundred men at Zhugong Bridge and Yelü Da four hundred outside the north gate. Tingbi drove deep into the enemy line; the Song force broke and ran, and the ambush sprang up to cut them down — more than a thousand dead. Song Chancellor Wen Tianxiang and Nanjian commander Zhang Qing joined forces to strike Jianning; Suodu laid a night ambush and routed them. Pressing the fight to Nanjian, he beat Zhang Qing and took the city. At Fuzhou, Wang Jiweng handed over the city. At Xinghua Commandery, Commander Chen Zhan asked to surrender, then shut the gates and held out. Suodu rode up to the walls to parley; arrows and stones poured down like rain. He built siege towers and catapults and stormed the walls. Street fighting raged all day; more than thirty thousand were killed. Chen Zhan was taken, cut limb from limb, and displayed as a warning. Zhangzhou also held out. Suodu sent Baijianu ahead to join Tachu while he stayed to press the siege, killing several thousand before Prefect He Qing submitted. At Chaozhou, Prefect Ma Fa refused to yield. Afraid of missing the Fuchang rendezvous, Suodu broke off and moved on. In year 15 he reached Guangzhou; Tachu ordered him back to take Chaozhou. Ma Fa tightened the defense. Suodu filled ditches and moats, built siege ladders and covered assault carts, and hammered the walls day and night. Ma Fa sent men to burn the engines by night. After more than twenty fruitless days, Suodu promised the troops: "Whoever scales the wall first wins a noble title; serving officers get a promotion." Commander Uriangqadai went up first; the other officers followed. By evening the Song line had collapsed and Chaozhou was taken. He was made vice administrator and given charge of the Fuzhou branch secretariat. Called to court, the Emperor — with Jiangnan pacified and overseas campaigns in view — made him left vice chancellor at Quanzhou to summon the southern kingdoms. In year 18 he was reassigned as right vice chancellor with the Champa branch secretariat. In year 19 he put a thousand warships to sea from Guangzhou and invaded Champa. Champa came out to fight with an army said to number two hundred thousand. Suodu led his shock troops into the fight; killed and drowned, the enemy lost more than fifty thousand. He routed them again at Dalang Lake, leaving sixty thousand dead. Champa submitted. Suodu threw up wooden fortifications and opened land for farming. He subdued the minor peoples of Wuli, Yueli, and the rest, and stockpiled one hundred fifty thousand measures of grain for the troops. In year 21 Prince of Zhennan Toqan marched on Annam; Suodu was ordered to join him, routed Annamese forces at Thanh Hóa, took Nghệ An Pass, and won over ministers Zhang Xian and Zhao Xian. Toqan posted Suodu at Thiên Trường to live off local supplies, more than two hundred li from the main army. An order to withdraw came suddenly. Toqan marched back — and Suodu knew nothing of it. Annam sent word, but he refused to believe it — and when he reached the main camp, it was deserted. Annam cut him off at the Ganman River, and Suodu was killed in the fighting. When word reached court he was posthumously made grand master of glorious emolument, with the posthumous name Xiangmin. His son was Baijianu. In Zhiyuan 5 Baijianu served under Marshal Aju at the siege of Xiangyang, helped build the new fortifications, and won repeated distinction. In year 7, attached as a hostage-attendant to Prince Heda, he helped defeat Song forces at Guanzitan. In the fourth month of year 8, Song Marshal Fan Wenhu and others drove grain convoys to Xiangyang without pause, day and night. Baijianu sailed downstream to Lumen Mountain to choke the Song supply line, sallied against Fan Wenhu's force, and piled up victories until the Henan branch secretariat made him zongba commander. He later served under Chancellor Bayan and was promoted to seal keeper. At the assault on Ezhou, Song commander-in-chief Zhao Wu came out to fight; Baijianu drove deep into the enemy line and drove them back, taking several wounds. At Shayang he raised a siege ladder against the east corner tower, fought his way onto the wall, took the place, and captured flags, bows, and armor. At the new fort he was first over the wall and took it; Song Pacification Commissioner Wang abandoned the city and fled in the night. Bayan reported Baijianu's record to the throne. Kublai was delighted and said, "I will not forget this man's name. When the army returns I mean to use him well — and I do not break my word. For now give him a woman of good family and a silver bowl as a pledge of what is to come." He joined the siege of Hanyang and hauled boats from Shawukou into the Yangzi. Song commander-in-chief Xia Gui came out to fight. Baijianu and Andasun plunged into the enemy line and broke them; the Song force scattered. They crossed to the south bank and captured a great haul of ships and armor. The fighting carried to Huangzhou. At dusk he chased Xia Gui to Mount Baihu and did not return until midnight. Soon after he took Jinniuba as well. In the first month of year 12 he and Qianhu Xue Chigan took Jilong Cave; on the march back through Ruichang they ran into Xia Gui's broken troops and beat them again. Song had sent relief for Ruichang, but the county fell before they arrived. He hit the Song relief column again and recovered five Yuan soldiers whom Song had taken prisoner. At Jiangzhou, Song Pacification Commissioner Lü Shiqing surrendered the city. He secured Chizhou to the east and met Song Councillor Jia Sidao and Sun Huchen at Dingjiazhou, chasing them more than a hundred li, taking five warships with their flags and gear, capturing Song commander Wang Wenhu, and pacifying Huangchi. Raising Xu Prefecture, Baijianu led the van and routed the enemy at Nanni Lake, capturing three hundred warships. Taiping Prefecture submitted as soon as they appeared. This owed to his father Suodu, who had talked Jiankang into surrendering. Bayan then had Yezhili review the generals' achievements. Baijianu was rewarded with two silver ingots and kept on as zongba commander. He soon followed Bayan to court, was made a jinyiwei, given a silver tally, and confirmed as zongba commander. He distinguished himself at Danyang, Lücheng, and the fall of Changzhou. At Suzhou, Song Pacification Commissioner Wang handed over the city. Xiuzhou and Huzhou fell without a fight. The armies pressed the advantage straight to Lin'an, and the Song emperor came out to surrender. In year 13 he commanded newly submitted troops garrisoning Zhenjiang. Soon after he joined Pacification Commissioner Boluhuan in attacking Taizhou and Shouzhou, was wounded, and the assault was called off. Days later he and Wanhu Ye Leqian assaulted Taizhou's new fort. Baijianu, sick but forcing himself forward, was first over the wall and took it — and was wounded twice more. He then followed Aju in taking the Yangzhou region, captured Song commander-in-chief Li Tingzhi and commander Jiang Cai, and for his service was made a wulue general with a gold tally, appointed zongguan commander, and posted to Baima Lake in Gaoyou. The branch secretariat then had Baijianu inherit his father Suodu's posts as Ying-Fu pacification commissioner and Jiankang pacification commissioner, while he kept command of his own wing. Before long he pacified Fujian, securing the cities of Qu, Wu, Xin, and the rest. At Xin'an County he killed Song Supervisor Zhao and Prefect Zhan and took Vice Prefect Jiang prisoner. En route they met a She tribal force and routed it at once. They marched east with drums rolling, and Pacification Commissioner Shen yielded Jianning Prefecture. Nanjian Prefecture fell to their assault, and Zhang Qing and Nie Wenqing escaped. Proclamations alone brought Minqing and Huai'an counties into submission. At Fuzhou they were won over by a display of might and clemency, and Pacification Commissioner Wang came out leading his men to surrender. They seized Xinghua, taking Pacification Commissioner Chen and the White Order Commander-in-chief captive. A detachment attacked Donghua Township. Zhang Shijie held Quanzhou, but soon Baijianu put the fleet to sea and chased him to Jiazi Gate off Huizhou. He pushed on to Daguan Stockade in Tong'an County and won over every coastal county and town by proclamation. Bai Wangdan and Wuhu Chen surrendered with more than three thousand war junks. That winter, in the twelfth month, the two Song princes sent Ni Zhou with a formal surrender at the camp gate. The army then marched on Guangzhou, and prefectures and counties fell in succession. The following spring he withdrew his troops in good order, then on the return march captured Desheng and other fortified camps. At the Puxian River Nie Wenqing was beaten once more and driven off. Chaozhou was stormed and taken; Ma Fa and several others were executed, and Guangdong was pacified. In the third month he set out for court escorting Ni Zhou and the surrender memorial. Before he arrived, he was made General of Resolute Valor, given a tiger tally, and appointed commander of ten thousand households. In the seventh month he had audience at Shangdu and was promoted to general superior in stabilizing the state and pacification commissioner over the overseas fan domains, with concurrent charge of Fujian maritime trade. He kept command of his wing to garrison Fujian and soon added the posts of Fujian pacification commissioner and grand marshal. Fujian was then ravaged by floods. Baijianu spent his own money to buy rice for relief, and a great many of the poor were saved. In Zhiyuan 17 he went to court and was further made regular grand master, pacification commissioner, and grand marshal. In Zhiyuan 22 he followed his father Suodu against Annam. Suodu fought to the death; Baijianu then joined Toghon and pressed the Annam frontier by land and sea, winning distinction in every engagement. In Zhiyuan 25 he was summoned by courier to the Nanjing pacification commission and ordered to levy civilian horses from five circuits. In Zhiyuan 27 he was made chief administrator of Jiankang Circuit. When Wuzong came to the throne he was transferred to chief administrator of Zhenjiang Circuit. In Zhida 4 an old battle wound reopened and he died at home.
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○李恆
Li Heng
22
李恆,字德卿,其先姓于弥氏,唐末赐姓李,世为西夏国主。 太祖经略河西,有守兀纳剌城者,夏主之子也,城陷不屈而死。 子惟忠,方七岁,求从父死,主将异之,执以献宗王合撒兒,王留养之。 及嗣王移相哥立,惟忠从经略中原,有功。 淄川王分地,以惟忠为达鲁花赤,佩金符。 惟忠生恆,恆生有异质,王妃抚之犹己子。 中统三年,命恆为尚书断事官,恆以让其兄。 李璮反涟海,恆从其父弃家入告变,璮怒,系恆阖门狱中。 璮诛,得出。 世祖嘉其功,授淄莱路奥鲁总管,佩金符,并偿其所失家资。 至元七年,改宣武将军、益都淄莱新军万户,从伐宋。 襄阳守将吕文焕时出拒敌,殿帅范文虎复援之。 恆率本军筑堡万山扼城西,绝其陆路。 文焕等又以渔舟渡汉水窥伺军形,恆设伏败之,水路亦绝,遂进攻樊城。 十年春,恆以精兵渡汉,自南面先登,樊城破,襄阳亦降。 捷闻,帝赐以宝刀,迁明威将军,佩金虎符。 十一年,丞相伯颜大会师襄阳,进至郢州。 宋以舟师截汉水,伯颜由唐港入汉,舍郢而进攻沙洋、新城,留恆为后拒,败其追兵。 至阳罗堡,宋制置夏贵遣其子松来逆战,恆先陷阵,额中流矢,伯颜止之,恆战益力,卒射松杀之。 诸军渡江,恆与宋兵战,自寅至申,夏贵败走,鄂州、汉阳俱下。 以功迁宣威将军,赐白金五百两。 遂从伯颜东下。 十二年春,宋将高世杰复窥汉、沔,乃遣恆还守鄂州。 时豪民聚众侵江陵,省命恆往讨之,恆敛兵不动,但谕使出降,得生口十餘万,悉纵为民; 仍禁军毋得虏掠,馈献充积一无所受。 十二年,从右丞阿里海牙至洞庭,擒高世杰。 下岳州,进攻沙市,拔之。 宋制置高达以江陵降,留恆镇守。 传檄归、峡、辰、沅、靖、澧、常德诸州,皆下。 未几,徙镇常德,以扼湖南之冲。 俄有诏分三道出师,以恆为左副都元帅,从都元帅逊都台出江西。 九月,开府于江州。 师次建昌县,擒都统熊飞。 遂围隆兴,转运使刘盘请降,恆察其诈,密为之备。 盘果以锐兵空至,恆击败之,杀获殆尽,盘乃降。 下抚、瑞、建昌、临江。 军中有得宋相文天祥与建昌故吏民书,恆焚之,人心乃安。 进攻吉州,知州周天骥降,遂定赣、南安。 广东经略徐直谅奉蜡书纳其所部十四郡,前江西制置黄万石亦以邵武降。 隆兴帅府诬富民与敌连,已诛百三十家,恆还,审其非罪,尽释之。 宋丞相陈宜中及其大将张世杰立益王鸑于闽中,郡县豪杰争起兵应之。 恆遣将破吴浚兵于南丰。 世杰遣都统张文虎与浚合兵十万,期必复建昌。 恆复遣将败之兜港。 浚走从文天祥于瑞金,又破之,天祥走汀州。 遣镇抚孔遵追之,并破赵孟瀯军,取汀州。 元帅府罢,授昭勇大将军、同知江西宣慰司事,加镇国上将军,迁福建宣慰使,改江西宣慰使。 天祥复取汀州,兵出兴国县,连破诸邑,围赣州尤急。 或言天祥坟墓在吉州者,若遣兵发之,则必下矣。 恆曰:「王师讨不服耳,岂有发人坟墓之理!」 乃分兵援赣,自率精兵潜至兴国。 天祥走,追至空坑,获其妻女,擒招讨使赵时赏已下二十餘人,降其众二十万。 有旨令与右丞阿里罕、左丞董文炳合兵追益王。 众议所向,皆谓宜趋福建,恆曰:「不可。 若诸军俱在福建,彼必窜广东,则梅岭、江西非我有矣,宜从广东夹攻之。」 众以为然。 兵至梅岭,果与宋兵遇,出其不意败之,乃遁走冈州。 十四年,拜参知政事,行省江西。 十五年,益王殂,其枢密张世杰、陆秀夫等复立卫王昺,守广东诸郡,诏以恆为蒙古汉军都元帅经略之。 恆进兵取英德府、清远县,败其制置凌震、运使王道夫,遂入广州,世杰等移屯崖山。 时都元帅张弘范舟师未至,恆按兵不动,分遣诸将略定梅、循诸州。 凌震等复抵广州,恆击败之,皆弃舟走,赴水死,夺其船三百艘,擒将吏宋迈以下二百餘人,又破其餘军于茭塘越。 十六年二月,弘范至自漳州,直指崖山,恆率所部赴之。 张世杰集海舰千餘艘,贯以巨索,为栅以自固。 恆遣断其汲路,其势日迫,谕降不可,乃阵于船尾,由北面逆行,捣其栅。 索绝,世杰犹死战,自朝至晡,弘范督南面诸军合击,大败之。 陆秀夫先沉妻子于海,乃抱卫王赴海死。 从死者十餘万人。 获其金玺、后宫及文武之臣。 其大将翟国秀、凌震等皆解甲降。 焚溺之余,尚得八百餘艘。 是日,黑气如雾,有乘舟南遁者,恆以为卫王,追至高、化,询之降人,始知卫王已死,遁者乃世杰也。 世杰继亦溺死于海陵港。 岭海悉平,功成入觐,帝赏劳甚厚,将士预赐宴者二百餘人。 十七年,拜资善大夫、中书左丞,行省荆湖。 掠民为奴婢者,禁之; 常德、澧、辰、沅、靖五郡之饥者,赈之; 猎户之籍于官者,奏请一千户之外,悉放散之。 十九年,乞解军职,乃命其长子同知江西宣慰司事散木兒袭为本军万户。 占城之役,恆奉旨给其粮饷器械、海舰百艘,久留瘴乡,冒疾而还。 俄有诏命恆从皇子镇南王征交趾,结筏渡海,夺天长府。 交趾遂空其国,航海而遁。 恆封其宫庭府库,追袭于海洋,败之,得船二百艘,几获其世子。 会盛夏,军中疾作,霖潦暴涨,浸濯营地。 议者谓交趾且降,请班师,恆弗能夺,遂还。 蛮兵追败后军,王乃改命恆殿后,且战且行。 毒矢贯恆膝,一卒负恆而趋。 至思明州,毒发,卒,年五十。 后赠银青荣禄大夫、平章政事,谥武愍; 再赠推忠靖远功臣、太保、仪同三司,追封滕国公。 子散木,江西行省平章政事; 囊加真,益都淄莱万户; 逊都台,同知湖南宣慰使司事。 孙薛彻干,兵部侍郎; 薛彻秃,益都般阳万户。
Li Heng, courtesy name Deqing, came of the Yumi clan. At the end of Tang the family was granted the surname Li and for generations had been lords of Western Xia. When Taizu was securing the Hexi region, a son of the Xia ruler held Unal City. When the city fell he refused to submit and died. His son Weizhong was only seven. He asked to die with his father. The commander was astonished, took him, and presented him to Prince Hésà'ér, who kept and raised him. When the succeeding prince Yixiangge came to power, Weizhong took part in securing the Central Plains and won distinction. When the Prince of Zichuan received his fief, Weizhong was made darughachi and given a gold tally. Weizhong fathered Heng, who from childhood showed unusual promise. The princess consort raised him as if he were her own son. In Zhongtong 3 Heng was appointed ministerial adjudication officer, but he yielded the post to his elder brother. When Li Tan rebelled at Lianhai, Heng went with his father, left home, and reported the revolt. Tan was furious and threw Heng's whole household into prison. After Tan was executed he was released. Kublai praised his service, made him ordo chief administrator of Zilai Circuit, gave him a gold tally, and compensated him for the property his family had lost. In Zhiyuan 7 he became general of manifest martiality and wanhu of the Yidu-Zilai new army and joined the campaign against Song. Xiangyang's defender Lü Wenhuan sallied out from time to time, and Rear Guard Commander Fan Wenhu kept sending relief. Heng led his troops to build a fort at Wanshan, blocking the west side of the city and cutting its land route. Wenhuan also sent fishing boats across the Han to scout the Yuan lines. Heng ambushed and routed them, cutting the water route as well, then pressed the assault on Fancheng. In the spring of Zhiyuan 10 Heng crossed the Han with elite troops and was first over the wall from the south. Fancheng fell, and Xiangyang surrendered. When news of the victory reached the throne, the emperor gave him a treasured sword, promoted him to general of bright martiality, and granted a gold tiger tally. In Zhiyuan 11 Chancellor Bayan gathered the armies at Xiangyang and marched on Ying Prefecture. Song blocked the Han with a fleet. Bayan entered the river at Tang Harbor, bypassed Ying, and struck Shayang and Xincheng, leaving Heng to cover the rear and beat off the pursuit. At Yangluo Fort, Song commander-in-chief Xia Gui sent his son Song to fight. Heng was first into the enemy line and took an arrow in the forehead. Bayan tried to hold him back, but Heng fought all the harder and finally shot Song dead. The armies crossed the Yangzi. Heng fought the Song from dawn to mid-afternoon. Xia Gui was routed, and E Prefecture and Hanyang both fell. For his service he was promoted to general of manifest martial authority and given five hundred taels of silver. He then followed Bayan downstream to the east. In the spring of Zhiyuan 12 Song general Gao Shijie probed Han and Mian again, and Heng was sent back to hold E Prefecture. Local strongmen had gathered mobs and were raiding Jiangling. The branch secretariat ordered Heng to suppress them. He held his army still and simply called on them to surrender. More than one hundred thousand captives were taken and all released to return to civilian life; He also forbade his troops to loot, and though gifts piled up around him he accepted none. In Zhiyuan 12 he followed right counsellor Arighaiya to Dongting Lake and captured Gao Shijie. Yue Prefecture fell; they stormed Shashi and took it. Song commander-in-chief Gao Da surrendered Jiangling, and Heng was left to hold the city. Proclamations went out to Gui, Xia, Chen, Yuan, Jing, Li, and Changde, and all submitted. Soon he was moved to Changde to hold the gateway into Hunan. An edict soon ordered a three-pronged advance. Heng was made left vice grand marshal and marched into Jiangxi under Grand Marshal Sundutai. In the ninth month he established headquarters at Jiang Prefecture. The army halted at Jianchang County and captured Commander-in-chief Xiong Fei. They then besieged Longxing. Transport Commissioner Liu Pan offered to surrender, but Heng saw through the ruse and quietly prepared. Pan duly sent elite troops in a surprise strike. Heng routed them, killing or capturing nearly all, and Pan then surrendered. Fu, Rui, Jianchang, and Linjiang fell in turn. Someone in the army came into possession of letters from Song chancellor Wen Tianxiang to former officials and people of Jianchang. Heng burned them, and public feeling settled. They attacked Ji Prefecture; Prefect Zhou Tianji surrendered, and Gan and Nan'an were secured. Guangdong military commissioner Xu Zhiliang sent a sealed letter offering the fourteen prefectures under his command. Former Jiangxi commander-in-chief Huang Wanshi also surrendered Shaowu. The Longxing commandery had accused wealthy families of colluding with the enemy and executed one hundred thirty households. When Heng returned he reviewed the cases, found them innocent, and released them all. Song chancellor Chen Yizhong and his chief general Zhang Shijie enthroned Prince Yi in Fujian, and local leaders across the counties and prefectures raced to raise troops in support. Heng sent a general who routed Wu Jun's force at Nanfeng. Shijie sent Commander-in-chief Zhang Wenhu to join Wu Jun with one hundred thousand men, determined to retake Jianchang. Heng sent another general and defeated them at Dougang. Jun fled to Wen Tianxiang at Ruijin. They were beaten again, and Tianxiang withdrew to Ting Prefecture. He sent pacification commissioner Kong Zun in pursuit, routed Zhao Mengyin's army as well, and took Ting Prefecture. When the grand marshal headquarters was dissolved he was made general of resolute valor and associate manager of the Jiangxi pacification commission, promoted to general superior in stabilizing the state, appointed pacification commissioner of Fujian, and then transferred to pacification commissioner of Jiangxi. Tianxiang retook Ting Prefecture, marched out from Xingguo County, captured several towns in succession, and pressed the siege of Gan Prefecture hard. Someone suggested that since Tianxiang's family tombs were in Ji Prefecture, exhuming them would force his surrender. Heng said, "The imperial army is here to punish defiance. What principle is there in desecrating a man's graves?" He split off troops to relieve Gan and led elite forces in secret to Xingguo. Tianxiang fled. They pursued him to Kongkeng, took his wife and daughters, captured pacification commissioner Zhao Shishang and more than twenty of his officers, and accepted the surrender of two hundred thousand men. An edict ordered him to join right counsellor Alighan and left counsellor Dong Wenbing in pursuing Prince Yi. When the commanders debated their route, all favored rushing into Fujian. Heng said, "That will not do. If all our armies mass in Fujian, they will slip into Guangdong, and we will lose Meiling Pass and Jiangxi. We should strike from Guangdong and catch them in a pincer." The others agreed. At Meiling Pass they met the Song army as expected, routed them by surprise, and the Song force fled to Qiaozhou. In Zhiyuan 14 he was made vice grand councillor with charge of the Jiangxi branch secretariat. In Zhiyuan 15 Prince Yi died. Zhang Shijie, Lu Xiufu, and other military affairs chiefs enthroned Prince Wei and held out in the Guangdong prefectures. Heng was ordered to take the field as grand marshal of Mongol and Han armies to secure the region. Heng marched on Yingde Prefecture and Qingyuan County, defeated commander-in-chief Ling Zhen and transport commissioner Wang Daofu, and entered Guangzhou. Shijie and the others withdrew to Yamen Mountain. Grand Marshal Zhang Hongfan's fleet had not yet arrived, so Heng held his army in place and sent generals to secure Mei, Xun, and the other prefectures. Ling Zhen struck at Guangzhou again. Heng routed them; they abandoned their ships and fled into the water to their deaths. Three hundred vessels were captured, more than two hundred officers including Song Mai were taken, and the rest of their force was broken at Jiaotangyue. In the second month of Zhiyuan 16 Hongfan arrived from Zhang Prefecture and made straight for Yamen Mountain. Heng marched to join him with his command. Zhang Shijie massed more than a thousand warships, lashed them together with great ropes, and built a floating palisade for defense. Heng cut off their water supply, tightening the noose day by day. When they refused surrender he formed his men on the sterns of the ships, rowed upstream from the north, and smashed their palisade. The ropes gave way, but Shijie still fought to the death. From morning until late afternoon Hongfan drove the southern wing in a combined assault and broke them completely. Lu Xiufu drowned his wife and children in the sea, then took Prince Wei in his arms and leapt into the waves to his death. More than one hundred thousand followed them to their deaths. They captured the imperial seal, the women of the inner palace, and the civil and military officials. Their chief generals Zhai Guoxiu, Ling Zhen, and others laid down their arms and surrendered. After the burning and drowning, more than eight hundred ships were still recovered. That day black mist rolled over the sea. Someone fled south by boat, and Heng took him for Prince Wei. They pursued as far as Gao and Hua, but questioning prisoners revealed that Prince Wei was already dead—the fugitive was Shijie. Shijie too drowned soon after at Hailing Harbor. The Lingnan coast was fully pacified. Heng returned to court in triumph, and the emperor rewarded him lavishly. More than two hundred officers and soldiers were honored at a feast. In Zhiyuan 17 he was made grand master for excellent counsel and left counsellor of the central secretariat with charge of the Jing-Hu branch secretariat. He forbade the seizing of commoners as slaves and servant girls; He gave relief to the hungry in Changde, Li, Chen, Yuan, and Jing; and memorialized that registered hunters beyond one thousand households should all be released. In year 19 he asked to resign his military post; his eldest son Sanmu'er, associate controller of the Jiangxi pacification commission, succeeded him as commander of ten thousand. For the Champa campaign Heng was ordered to provide grain, arms, and a hundred warships. He stayed long in the fever country and came back ill. Soon he was ordered to follow Prince Zhennan against Annam. They rafted across the sea and captured Tianchang. Annam evacuated the realm and fled by sea. Heng sealed the palace treasuries, pursued them at sea, routed their fleet, took two hundred ships, and nearly captured the crown prince. In the height of summer sickness swept the army, rains swelled, and the camps were flooded. Some argued that Annam was about to submit and urged withdrawal. Heng could not change their minds, and the army turned back. Tribal troops routed the rear guard. The prince then put Heng in command of the rearguard, fighting all the way out. A poisoned arrow struck Heng's knee, and a soldier carried him forward. At Siming the poison took hold and he died, aged fifty. He was later posthumously made grand master of splendid happiness with silver-green sash and councillor of state, with the posthumous name Wumin; and again as meritorious minister who promotes loyalty and pacifies the distant, grand preceptor, and honorary three excellencies, posthumously enfeoffed as Duke of Teng. His son Sanmu'er was councillor of the Jiangxi branch secretariat; Nangiazhen was commander of ten thousand of Yidu Zilai; Xundutai was associate controller of the Hunan pacification commission. His grandson Xiechegan was vice minister of war; Xiechetu was commander of ten thousand of Yidu Banyang.