1
撒吉思
Sajisi
2
從憲宗攻釣魚山，建言乘勢定江南，帝嘉納焉。 憲宗崩，阿里不哥爭立，諸王多附之者，撒吉思馳見塔察兒，力言宜協心推戴世祖，塔察兒從之。 及世祖即位，聞撒吉思所言，授北京宣撫，賜宮人甕吉剌氏，及金帛、章服。 及至鎮，鋤奸抑強，遼東以寧。 會高麗有異志，帝遣使究治，則委罪於其臣洪察忽，械送京師。 道遼東，撒吉思訪知洪察忽以直諫迕意，即奏疏為直其事，帝命釋之。
He accompanied Emperor Xianzong in the assault on Diaoyu Mountain and urged seizing the moment to bring Jiangnan under control; the emperor welcomed the proposal. After Emperor Xianzong's death, Ariq Böke pressed his claim to the throne and most of the princes sided with him. Sajisi rode posthaste to Tachar and argued forcefully that they ought to rally behind Kublai; Tachar took his advice. Once Kublai had taken the throne, mindful of what Sajisi had done, he made him Pacification Commissioner of Beijing and bestowed on him an Onggirat palace woman, together with gold, silk, and court dress. On reaching his jurisdiction he swept away corrupt officials and curbed local bullies, and Liaodong grew calm. Goryeo at this time harbored rebellious designs, and when the emperor sent envoys to look into the matter, the court there laid the blame on its minister Hong Chahuo and had him sent to the capital in fetters. On the road through Liaodong, Sajisi found that Hong Chahuo had been punished for speaking bluntly against wrongful policy. He at once submitted a memorial setting forth the truth, and the emperor ordered Hong released.
3
李璮叛，命撒吉思帥師從宗王哈必赤討之。 李璮伏誅，哈必赤欲屠城，撒吉思力爭曰：「王者之師，誅止元惡，脅從罔治。」 因撫摩其人，衆情大悅。 授山東行省都督，遷經略、統軍二使，兼益都路達魯花赤，辭不拜，上言山東重鎮，宜選貴戚臨之，帝不許。 賜京城宅一區、益都田千頃，及璮馬群、園林、水磑、海青、銀鼠裘之屬。 兵後民乏牛具，為之上聞，驗民丁力，官給之。 統軍抄不花田遊無度，害稼病民，元帥野速荅爾據民田為牧地，撒吉思隨事表聞。 有旨，杖抄不花一百，令野速荅爾還其田。 璮故將毛璋欲率諸部謀執撒吉思以歸宋，璋黨上變，乃襲璋斬之。 撒吉思嘗慕古人舉親舉讎之義，叛帥故卒，得與子姓參用，公論多之。 山東歲屢歉，為請於朝，發粟賑卹。 又奏蠲其田租，山東人刻石頌德。 卒年六十六。 後贈安邊經遠宣惠功臣，諡襄惠。
When Li Tan rose in rebellion, the emperor ordered Sajisi to take command of a force under the prince Habiqi to put him down. Li Tan was put to death, and Habiqi wished to slaughter the entire city. Sajisi protested with all his strength: "A true king's army strikes down only the ringleader; those who followed under duress should not be punished." He went on to comfort the people personally, and the populace was deeply gratified. He was made commander of the Shandong Branch Secretariat, then advanced to joint Pacification and Army Control Commissioner while also serving as darughachi of Yidu Circuit. He refused the appointment, arguing that Shandong was too important to be left to anyone but imperial kin; the emperor overruled him. The court gave him a house in the capital, a thousand qing of fields at Yidu, and Li Tan's horse herds, gardens, water mills, hunting hawks, and sable garments, among other gifts. In the wake of war the people were short of oxen and tools. He brought this to the throne's attention, and the state issued stock and implements in proportion to each household's capacity. The army controller Chaobuhua rode through the fields at will, trampling crops and distressing the people, while Marshal Yesudar turned peasant land into pasture. Sajisi memorialized the throne on each abuse as it occurred. The emperor commanded that Chaobuhua receive a hundred strokes of the rod and that Yesudar restore the seized fields. Li Tan's old officer Mao Zhang plotted to rally the local bands, seize Sajisi, and go over to the Song. Zhang's own followers exposed the scheme, and Sajisi struck first, killing Zhang. Sajisi admired the old ideal of appointing both friends and foes. Rebel leaders and former soldiers served beside his own kin, and the public largely approved. When Shandong suffered year after year of poor harvests, he petitioned the court and grain was sent for relief. He further secured remission of land tax, and the people of Shandong set up stone tablets in his praise. He died at sixty-six. He was later posthumously ennobled as Meritorious Minister for Pacifying the Borders and Extending Far Influence, with the temple name Xianghui.
4
月合乃
Yuehenai
5
月合乃字正卿，其先屬雍古部，徙居臨洮之狄道，金略地，盡室遷遼東。 曾祖帖木爾越哥，仕金為馬步軍指揮使，官名有馬，因以馬為氏。 祖把掃馬野禮屬，徙淨州之天山，以財雄邊。 宣宗遷汴，父昔里吉思辟尚書省譯史，試開封判官，改鳳翔府兵馬判官，死國事，贈輔國上將軍、恒州刺史，廟號褒忠。
Yuehenai, styled Zhengqing, came from the Yonggu people. His forebears had settled at Didao in Lintao, but when the Jin overran the area the household moved wholesale to Liaodong. His great-grandfather Temür Yuege had served the Jin as commander of horse and foot; because the title contained the word for horse, the clan adopted Ma as its surname. His grandfather Basao Mayelisu settled at Tianshan in Jing Prefecture and grew rich and influential along the border. When the Jin Emperor Xuanzong withdrew to Bian, his father Xilijisi entered service as a Secretariat translator, passed examination for Kaifeng judge, and became military judge of Fengxiang, where he died for the dynasty. He was posthumously made General Who Supports the State and prefect of Heng, with the temple name Baozhong.
6
月合乃好學負氣，父死時年方十七，奮然投冠于地曰：「吾父死國難，吾獨不能紓家難乎！」 會國兵破汴，侍母北行，艱關鋒鏑中。 北見憲宗，辭容端謹，帝嘉賞之，命贊卜只兒斷事官事，以燕故城為治所。 月合乃慨然以治道自任，政事修舉。
Yuehenai was studious and high-spirited. He was only seventeen when his father fell; he dashed his cap to the ground and cried, "My father died for the realm—must I do nothing for my own house?" Soon afterward the Mongol armies stormed Bian, and he led his mother north through the hazards of war. In the north he was received by Emperor Xianzong. His manner was composed and respectful, and the emperor commended him, assigning him to assist the Bozhier judicial officer with his seat at the old Yan capital. Yuehenai made the work of government his own charge, and public affairs flourished under him.
7
歲壬子，料民丁於中原，凡業儒者試通一經，即不同編戶，著為令甲。 儒人免丁者，實月合乃始之也。 性好施予，嘗建言立常平倉。 舉海內賢士楊春卿、張孝純輩，分布諸郡，號稱得人。 又羅致名士敬鼎臣，授業館下，薦引馬文玉、牛應之輩為參佐，後皆位至卿相。
In the renzi year, when household rolls were compiled across the Central Plains, anyone pursuing Confucian studies who passed a single classic examination was exempted from ordinary registration, and the rule was written into law. The scholar's exemption from corvée was Yuehenai's innovation. He was generous by nature and once urged the founding of ever-normal granaries. He recommended men of talent such as Yang Chunqing and Zhang Xiaochun and posted them across the prefectures, winning praise for choosing well. He brought the scholar Jing Dingchen to teach in his household and advanced Ma Wenyu, Niu Yingzhi, and others as aides; each later rose to the highest offices.
8
四年，南邊不靖，月合乃建言光、潁等處立榷場，歲可得鐵一百三萬七千餘斤，鑄農器二十萬事，用易粟四萬石輸官，不惟官民兩便，因可以鎮服南方。 詔以本職兼領已括戶三千，興煽鐵冶，其蒙古、漢軍並聽節制。 未行，以疾卒，年四十八。 贈推忠宣力翊運功臣、正議大夫、僉書樞密院事、上輕車都尉、梁郡侯，諡忠懿。
In his fourth year, with the south still restless, Yuehenai urged monopoly markets at Guang, Ying, and elsewhere. He reckoned an annual yield of more than 1,370,000 jin of iron, enough to cast 200,000 farm tools and exchange 40,000 shi of grain for the state—benefiting officials and commoners alike while helping subdue the south. He was ordered to keep his present post while supervising three thousand registered households in iron production, with Mongol and Han forces alike under his command. Before the plan could be enacted he died of illness, aged forty-eight. Posthumously he received the titles Meritorious Minister for Promoting Loyalty and Supporting the Dynasty, Grand Master of Proper Counsel, associate director of the Bureau of Military Affairs, Superior Commander of Light Chariots, and Marquis of Liang, with the temple name Zhongyi.
9
子孫登仕籍者甚衆。 至仁宗朝，詔行科舉，曾孫祖常，博學能文章，鄉試、會試皆為舉首。 由翰林應奉，拜監察御史，直言忤上官意，去居浮光。 數年，起為翰林待制，累遷御史中丞，卒諡文貞。
A great many of his descendants entered government service. Under Emperor Renzong, when civil examinations were restored, his great-grandson Zuchang—learned and accomplished in letters—topped both the provincial and metropolitan rounds. After serving as a Hanlin attendant he became investigating censor, but frank remonstrance angered his superiors and he withdrew to Fuguang. Several years later he was recalled as Hanlin academician, rose to vice censor-in-chief, and at death received the posthumous name Wenzhen.
10
昔班，畏吾人也。 父闕里別斡赤，身長八尺，智勇過人，聞太祖北征，領兵來歸。 從征回回國，數立功，將重賞之，自請為本國坤閭城達魯花赤，從之，仍賜種田戶二百，卒。
Xiban was a Uyghur. His father Quelibie'erchi stood eight chi tall and was famed for courage and wit. When he heard the Founder was marching north, he brought his troops in submission. On campaign in the Muslim west he won repeated distinction. When the court was about to reward him richly, he asked instead to be darughachi of Kunlun in his homeland. The request was granted along with two hundred farming households, and he died in office.
11
海都叛，世祖大閱兵，將討之。 先命昔班使海都，使之罷兵，置驛來朝。 昔班至海都，傳旨諭之，海都聽命，既退軍置驛，而丞相安童軍先已克火和大王部曲，盡獲其輜重。 海都懼，將逃，謂昔班曰：「我不難於殺汝，念我父嘗受書於汝，姑遣汝歸，以安童之事聞，非我罪也。」 昔班以聞，帝曰：「汝言是也。 先是來者，亦嘗有此言。」 尋命為中書右丞，商議政事，妻以宗王之女不魯真公主。 明年，復使海都，諭之來歸，且曰：「苟不從我，爾能敵諸王蕃衛之兵乎！」 海都辭以畏死不敢。 昔班奉使，奔走三年，風沙翳目，時年已七十矣。 命為翰林承旨，給全俸養老，年八十九而卒。
When Kaidu rebelled, Kublai held a great military review, preparing to march against him. First he sent Xiban to Kaidu with orders to lay down arms, set up relay posts, and come to court. Xiban delivered the imperial message and Kaidu complied, withdrawing his forces and establishing relay posts. Yet Chancellor An Tong's army had already routed the Prince of Huohe's division and captured its baggage train. Kaidu, alarmed and on the verge of flight, told Xiban: "I could kill you easily, but my father once studied under you, so I will send you back. Tell the court about An Tong's attack—that was not my doing." Xiban reported this, and the emperor said, "You speak truly. An earlier messenger had said the same." Soon after he was made right vice director of the Secretariat to deliberate on policy, and married the princess Buluzhen, daughter of an imperial prince. The following year he was sent again to urge Kaidu's submission, warning: "If you refuse me, can you stand against the armies of the princes and the imperial guard?" Kaidu pleaded fear of death and refused to come. On embassy duty he traveled ceaselessly for three years until wind and sand had dimmed his eyes; he was already seventy. He was made Hanlin academician-in-chief with full salary for his retirement and died at eighty-nine.
12
子斡羅思密，至元二十三年，授浙東宣慰使。 浙東盜起，偽鑄印璽，僭稱天降大王，斡羅思密討平之。 移鎮廣西，峒蠻羅天佑作亂，招諭降之。 年六十九卒。 子咬住，至大三年，授典用監卿。 有盜竊世祖御帶者，懸賞五千錠以購賊，咬住擒獲之，盜伏誅，咬住辭賞，武宗嘉其不伐，予之千錠。 官至榮祿大夫、宗正府札魯火赤。
His son Woluosimi was appointed pacification commissioner of eastern Zhe in the twenty-third year of Zhiyuan. When bandits in eastern Zhe forged seals and styled themselves the Heaven-Sent Great King, Woluosimi put down the revolt. Transferred to Guangxi, he induced the cave tribesman Luo Tianyou to submit after his rebellion. He died at sixty-nine. His son Qiaozhu became director of the Palace Supplies Directorate in the third year of Zhida. When Kublai's imperial belt was stolen, the court offered five thousand ingots for the thief. Qiaozhu captured him and the man was executed, but Qiaozhu refused the reward. Emperor Wuzong admired his modesty and gave him a thousand ingots instead. He rose to grand master for glorious blessings and jarquchi of the Imperial Clan Court.
13
鐵連，乃蠻人也，居絳州。 祖伯不花，為宗王拔都王傅。 鐵連魁偉寡言，有謀略，早歲宿衛王府。 拔都分地平陽，以鐵連監隰州。 中統初，調平陽馬步站達魯花赤。
Tielian was a Naiman of Jiang Prefecture. His grandfather Bobuhua had been tutor to the prince Batu. Tielian was tall and reserved, with a strategist's mind, and in youth served in the princely guard. When Batu received Pingyang as his domain, he put Tielian in charge of Xi Prefecture. Early in the Zhongtong era he was made darughachi of the Pingyang horse and foot relay stations.
14
至元初，宗王海都叛，廷議欲伐之，世祖曰：「朕以宗室之情，惟當懷之以德，其擇謹密足任大事者往使焉。」 左右以鐵連對，遂召見，語及大事，鐵連應對稱旨。 帝嘉其辯慧，曰：「此事非汝不可，然必先詣拔都蒙哥鐵木王所，相與計事而後行。」 使二人副之。 鐵連既奉命，欲直造海都境，視其虛實，然後議于諸王。 副者弗從，曰：「上命我輩先議于王，今遽造敵境，不可。」 鐵連曰：「親承密旨，汝輩違則當誅。」 副者懼而從之行。 既至，海都日召宗親宴飲，將伺其隙謀害之。 鐵連乃厲聲斥之曰：「且食，勿語！ 望語言脫口，相摭為罪耶！」 良久，海都曰：「直哉！」 酒半，鐵連求衣為歡，海都嘉其雄辯，將解與之，其妃止之，以皮服二襲付之。 因語其屬曰：「為使者當如是矣。」 厚贈以行。 既至拔都蒙哥鐵木王所，具告以故，王曰：「祖宗有訓，叛者人得誅之。 如通好不從，舉師以行天罰，我即外應掩襲，剿絕不難矣。」 鐵連還，悉以事聞，因言於帝曰：「海都兵繁而銳，不宜速戰，來則堅壘待之，去則勿追，自守既固，則無虞矣。」 帝深然之。 敕所受海都皮服，全飾以金，凡朝會，宜服以表示焉。 其賞賜不可勝計。
Early in Zhiyuan, when Prince Kaidu rebelled, the court debated war. Kublai said, "Among kinsmen I ought to win him by virtue. Choose someone discreet and fit for a great mission and send him." His attendants named Tielian. Summoned to audience, Tielian answered so well on weighty matters that the emperor was pleased. The emperor praised his wit and said, "No one but you can do this—but first go to Prince Batu Möngke Temür, plan with him, and only then proceed." Two deputies were assigned to accompany him. Once commissioned, Tielian wanted to enter Kaidu's territory directly to gauge his strength before consulting the princes. The deputies refused: "We were ordered to consult the prince first; we cannot plunge straight into enemy country." Tielian said, "I hold a secret order from the emperor. Disobey and you die." Frightened, the deputies went along. On arrival Kaidu held daily feasts for the kinsmen, watching for a chance to kill them. Tielian rebuked them sharply: "Eat and be silent! Do you want loose talk so you can seize on one another's words as crimes?" After a long silence Kaidu said, "How forthright!" Halfway through the banquet Tielian asked for a robe in friendship. Kaidu admired his boldness and began to offer his own coat, but his consort stayed his hand and gave two fur garments instead. He told his followers, "This is how an envoy should be." He sent them away with rich gifts. At Prince Batu Möngke Temür's court they reported all. The prince said, "Our ancestors ruled that rebels may be killed by anyone. If he refuses peace, march under heaven's punishment and I will strike from without—we can destroy him with ease." On his return Tielian reported all and advised the emperor: "Kaidu's forces are many and fierce. Do not rush battle—hold fortified camps when he comes and do not pursue when he leaves. Secure defense will suffice." The emperor strongly agreed. He ordered the furs Kaidu had given to be fully trimmed in gold and worn at court as a mark of honor. His rewards were beyond counting.
15
後屢使拔都王所，道遇海都游兵，副者前行，失對遇害，鐵連後至，曰：「我為天子使，可以非禮犯之耶？」 游兵語屈，乃曰：「前者偽使，此真使也。」 釋之，遂獨得還。 帝嘗謂侍臣曰：「有鐵連，則朕之宗族將不失和矣。」 海都覘伺拔都王為備已嚴，意乃帖然。 鐵連始終凡四往返，歷十四年，帝謂鐵連曰：「在朝官之要重者，惟汝所擇。」 對曰：「臣志在王室，其事未辦，不敢奉命。 今臣母在絳州，老且病，得侍朝夕，幸也。」 詔從其請，授絳州達魯花赤。
On later missions to Prince Batu's court he met Kaidu's scouts. The deputies went ahead, answered wrongly, and were killed. When Tielian came after, he said, "I am the Son of Heaven's envoy—will you treat me with violence?" The scouts were confounded and said, "Those before were false envoys; this is the true one." They released him, and he alone made it back. The emperor once told his attendants, "With Tielian, the imperial clan will keep its peace." Kaidu, seeing Prince Batu's defenses already strong, grew subdued. Over fourteen years Tielian made four round trips. The emperor told him, "Choose any high office at court you wish." He replied, "My duty is to the dynasty and that work is unfinished—I dare not accept. My mother is old and ill in Jiang Prefecture; to serve her day and night would be fortune enough." The emperor granted his wish and made him darughachi of Jiang Prefecture.
16
至元十五年，平陽李二謀亂，鐵連捕問，盡得其狀。 中書奏進其秩，帝曰：「鐵連豈惟能辦此耶！」 加宣武將軍。 至元十八年，病卒於官，年六十四。 子荅剌帶嗣，官信武將軍、同知大同路緫管府事。
In the fifteenth year of Zhiyuan, when Li Er of Pingyang plotted rebellion, Tielian arrested and examined him and learned the whole plot. The Central Secretariat recommended promoting his rank. The emperor said, "Surely Tielian can do more than this!" He was promoted to General of Manifest Martiality. In the eighteenth year of Zhiyuan he died of illness while in office, at the age of sixty-four. His son Dalada succeeded him as General of Trustworthy Martiality and Associate Administrator of the Datong Circuit General Administration.
17
愛薛，西域弗林人。 通西域諸部語，工星曆、醫藥。 初事定宗，直言敢諫。 時世祖在藩邸，器之。 中統四年，命掌西域星曆、醫藥二司事，後改廣惠司，仍命領之。 世祖嘗詔都城大作佛事，集教坊妓樂，及儀仗以迎導。 愛薛奏曰：「高麗新附，山東初定，江南未下，天下疲弊，此無益之費，甚無謂也。」 帝嘉納之。 至元五年，從獵保定，日且久，乃從容於帝前語供給之民曰：「得無妨爾耕乎！」 帝為罷獵。
Aixue was from Fulin in the Western Regions. He knew the languages of the Western Regions and was accomplished in astronomy, calendrics, and medicine. He first served Emperor Dingzong, speaking plainly and fearlessly offering remonstrance. When Kublai was still in his princely residence, he took Aixue into high regard. In the fourth year of Zhongtong he was put in charge of the Western Regions offices of astronomy, calendrics, and medicine; when they were merged into the Bureau of Broad Beneficence, he continued to lead it. Kublai once ordered a grand Buddhist ceremony in the capital, gathering courtesan musicians from the Office of Music and ceremonial regalia to welcome and escort the rites. Aixue memorialized: "Goryeo has only just submitted, Shandong has barely been settled, and Jiangnan is still unconquered—the empire is exhausted. This useless expenditure is absurd." The emperor welcomed the advice and accepted it. In the fifth year of Zhiyuan, on a hunt at Baoding, the day had grown late. He spoke calmly before the emperor to the people supplying the expedition: "This must not be allowed to disrupt your farming!" On that account the emperor called off the hunt.
18
至元十三年，丞相伯顏平江南還，姦臣以飛語讒之，愛薛叩頭諫，得解。 尋奉詔使西北宗王阿魯渾所。 既還，拜平章政事，固辭。 擢祕書監，領崇福使，遷翰林學士承旨，兼修國史。
In the thirteenth year of Zhiyuan, after Chancellor Bayan returned from pacifying Jiangnan, corrupt officials slandered him with false accusations. Aixue kowtowed in remonstrance, and Bayan was exonerated. Soon afterward he was sent by imperial order to the northwestern prince Arghun. When he returned, he was offered the post of Grand Councillor but firmly refused. He was promoted to Director of the Palace Secretariat and put in charge of the Chongfu Commission, then transferred to Academician Exemplar of the Hanlin Academy with concurrent duty compiling the national history.
19
子五人：也里牙，秦國公、崇福使； 腆合，翰林學士承旨； 黑冢，光祿卿； 闊里吉思，同知泉府院事； 魯合，廣惠司提舉。
He had five sons: Yelima, Duke of Qin and Commissioner of Chongfu; Tianhe, Academician Exemplar of the Hanlin Academy; Heizong, Director of the Imperial Household; Kuolijisi, Associate Administrator of the Quanfu Bureau; and Luhe, Commissioner of the Bureau of Broad Beneficence.
20
闊闊字子清，本蔑里吉氏部族，世居不里罕哈里敦之地。 其俗驍勇，善騎射，諸族頗憚之。 國初，舉族內附。 世祖居潛邸，選闊闊為近侍。
Kuokuo, styled Ziqing, belonged to the Mierji tribe; his family had lived for generations at Bulihan Haridun. They were a fierce people, skilled riders and archers, and the surrounding tribes greatly feared them. At the founding of the dynasty the entire tribe submitted to the court. While Kublai was still in his princely residence, he chose Kuokuo as a close attendant.
21
歲甲辰，世祖聞王鶚賢，避兵居保州，遣使徵至，問以治道，命闊闊與廉希憲皆師事之。 既而闊闊出使于外，迨還，而鶚已行，思慕號泣，不食者累日，世祖聞而異之。 歲庚戌，憲宗復召鶚至和林，仍命闊闊從之游。 每旦起，盛飾其冠服，鶚讓之曰：「聖主好賢樂善，徵天下士，命若從學。 若等不能稱主上心，惟誇衒鮮華以益驕貴之氣，恐窒於外而塞於中，道義之言，無自而入，吾所不取也。」 闊闊深自悔悟。 明日俱純素以進，鶚乃悅。
In the jiachen year Kublai heard that Wang E was a man of worth. Wang had taken refuge from the war at Baozhou, and Kublai sent envoys to summon him, questioned him on governance, and ordered Kuokuo and Lian Xixian to study under him. Kuokuo was soon sent abroad on mission; when he returned, Wang E had already left. He wept in longing and went days without eating. Kublai heard of it and was struck with wonder. In the gengxu year Emperor Xianzong summoned Wang E once more to Karakorum and again had Kuokuo accompany him in study. Each morning Kuokuo would rise and dress his cap and robes with great splendor. Wang E reproved him: "The sage ruler loves worthies and delights in virtue. He has summoned scholars from across the realm and ordered you to learn from them. If you cannot live up to the ruler's intent and only parade bright finery to feed your pride, you will be closed off outside and stifled within, and no word of the Way or righteousness will reach you. That I cannot accept." Kuokuo was deeply moved to repentance. The next day they both appeared in plain white dress, and Wang E was pleased.
22
子堅童，字永叔，少孤，甫十歲，即從王鶚游。 既長，奉命入國學，復從許衡游。 弱冠入侍禁廷，授中順大夫、侍儀奉御。 遷中議大夫、同修起居注。 及奉使濟南，見楊桓賢，遂力薦之。 至元二十三年，授嘉議大夫、禮部尚書。 遷吏部尚書，秩未滿，特授通議大夫、御史臺侍御史。
His son Jiantong, styled Yongshu, was orphaned young; at the age of ten he was already studying with Wang E. When he came of age he entered the Imperial Academy by order and also studied under Xu Heng. At twenty he entered service in the inner court as Zhongshun Dafu and Attendant Ceremonial Officer. He was promoted to Zhongyi Dafu and Associate Compiler of the Daily Record. While on mission to Jinan he met Yang Huan and earnestly recommended him. In the twenty-third year of Zhiyuan he was appointed Jiayi Dafu and Minister of Rites. He was moved to Minister of Personnel, and before his term was complete was specially made Tongyi Dafu and Attending Censor of the Censorate.
23
二十四年，扈從東征，屢戰有功，遷燕南河北道提刑按察使。 二十八年，授正議大夫、燕南河北道肅政廉訪使，遂拜河南行省平章政事，驛召赴闕，未拜，以疾卒，年三十九。
In the twenty-fourth year he accompanied the eastern campaign and distinguished himself in repeated battles, and was promoted to Intendant of the Yan South Hebei Circuit Judicial and Investigative Commission. In the twenty-eighth year he was made Zhengyi Dafu and Surveillance Commissioner of the Yan South Hebei Circuit, then appointed Grand Councillor of the Henan Branch Secretariat. Summoned by imperial relay to court, he died of illness before assuming the post, at thirty-nine.
24
禿忽魯
Tuhulu
25
禿忽魯字親臣，康里亦納之孫亞禮達石第九子也。 自幼入侍世祖，命與也先鐵木兒、不忽木從許衡學。 帝一日問其所學，禿忽魯與不忽木對曰：「三代治平之法也。」 帝喜曰：「康秀才，朕初使汝往學，不意汝即知此。」 除蒙古學士、奉議大夫、客省使，進兵部郎中，遷僉太史院。 嘗宴見世祖，屢開說古今治亂政要，多所裨益。
Tuhulu, styled Qinchen, was the ninth son of Yalidashi and grandson of Yinna of the Kangli clan. From childhood he attended Kublai at court and was ordered to study under Xu Heng together with Yexian Temür and Buhuma. One day the emperor asked what they had learned. Tuhulu and Buhuma answered, "The methods by which the Three Dynasties brought order and peace." The emperor was pleased and said, "Scholar Kang, when I first sent you to study, I never expected you to know this already." He was appointed Mongol Academician, Fengyi Dafu, and Guest Reception Commissioner, promoted to Director in the Ministry of War, and transferred to Vice Director of the Astronomy Commission. At banquets with Kublai he often discussed the essentials of order and disorder through the ages, to great benefit.
26
至元二十年，遷中書右司郎中。 未幾，大宗正薛徹干薦掌其府判署閱諸獄文案。 嘗暮歸，愀然若有求而未獲者，家人問之，曰：「今日所議，死案也，於我心有疑，欲求所以活之，未得其方耳。」 他日歸，喜曰：「我得之矣，於法當流徙邊地。」 遷吏部尚書。
In the twentieth year of Zhiyuan he was transferred to Director in the Right Department of the Central Secretariat. Before long Grand Protectorate Prince Xiechegan recommended him to oversee the review of prison documents in the protectorate's judicial office. One evening he came home looking troubled, as though searching for something he could not find. When his family asked, he said, "Today's case was a capital one. I have doubts in my heart and want to find a way to save the man's life, but I have not yet found how." Another day he returned in joy and said, "I have found it—under the law the sentence should be exile to the frontier." He was promoted to Minister of Personnel.
27
時哈剌哈孫為湖廣平章，嘗與禿忽魯同在大宗正，素知其賢，舉以自輔，遂授資德大夫、湖廣右丞。 時湖南、北盜賊乘舟縱橫劫掠，哈剌哈孫患之，禿忽魯曰：「樹茂鳥集，樹伐則散，戮一人足矣。」 盜首喬大使者，居九江，郡守曳剌馬丹取賂蔽之，遣使擒以來，獄成，殺而令諸市，群盜頓息。 湖南宣慰張國紀創徵夏稅，民弗堪，禿忽魯屢請罷之。
At that time Harghasun was Grand Councillor of Huguang. Having served with Tuhulu in the Grand Protectorate, he knew his worth and recommended him as aide, appointing him Zide Dafu and Right Vice Councillor of Huguang. Bandits in Hunan and Hubei roamed the rivers plundering at will, and Harghasun was vexed by it. Tuhulu said, "Birds flock to a thick tree; cut the tree and they scatter. Execute one man and that will suffice." The ringleader, known as Envoy Qiao, lived at Jiujiang, where the prefect Yelima Dan took bribes to protect him. Envoys were sent to seize him; once the case was settled he was executed and displayed in the markets, and the bandits at once subsided. Zhang Guoji, Pacification Commissioner of Hunan, had newly imposed a summer levy that the people could not bear, and Tuhulu repeatedly petitioned for its repeal.
28
至元二十九年，辰州蠻叛，副樞劉國傑、僉院唆木蘭往討之，不利，移文索辰、澧、沅民間弩士三千，哈剌哈孫以民弗習戰，強之徒傷吾民，弗許。 禿忽魯曰：「兵貴訓練，乃可用也。 漢軍不習弩，因蠻攻蠻，古所利。」 遂與之，果以此獲勝。
In the twenty-ninth year of Zhiyuan the Man of Chenzhou rebelled. Deputy Military Commissioner Liu Guojie and Vice Commissioner Suomulan marched against them without success and requested three thousand local crossbowmen from Chen, Li, and Yuan prefectures. Harghasun refused, saying the people were untrained for war and forcing them would only harm the populace. Tuhulu said, "Soldiers must be trained before they can be used. Han troops are not skilled with crossbows; pitting Man against Man is an ancient advantage." They granted the request, and victory was indeed won by this means.
29
子山僧，仕至晉寧路緫管。
His son Shanseng rose to General Administrator of Jinning Circuit.
30
唐仁祖
Tang Renzu
31
仁祖少穎悟，父沒，母教之讀書，通諸方語言，尤邃音律。 中統初，詔諸貴冑為質，帝親閱之，見仁祖曰：「是唐古直孫邪？ 聰明無疑也。」 俾習國字。 至元六年，中書省選充蒙古掾。 十六年，錄囚平陽，平反冤滯免死者凡十七人。 十八年，授翰林直學士。 時中書奏真定、保定兩路錢穀逋負，屢歲不決，遣仁祖往閱其牘，皆中統舊案，亟還奏罷之。 轉工部侍郎，除中書右司郎中，拜參議尚書省事。
Renzu was bright from youth. After his father died his mother taught him to read; he mastered many languages and was especially accomplished in music and pitch. In the early Zhongtong period an edict required noble sons to serve as hostages at court. The emperor inspected them in person and, seeing Renzu, said, "Is this the grandson of Tangguzhi? Clever beyond doubt." He was ordered to study the national script. In the sixth year of Zhiyuan the Central Secretariat selected him as a Mongol clerical officer. In the sixteenth year, while reviewing prisoners at Pingyang, he cleared wrongful cases and spared seventeen men from execution. In the eighteenth year he was appointed Direct Academician of the Hanlin Academy. When the Central Secretariat reported unpaid taxes in the Zhending and Baoding circuits left unresolved for years, Renzu was sent to review the files. Finding them all to be old Zhongtong cases, he returned at once and memorialized for their cancellation. He was transferred to Vice Minister of Works, appointed Director in the Right Department of the Central Secretariat, and made Consultative Minister of the Secretariat.
32
時丞相桑哥秉政，威焰方熾，仁祖論議不回，屢忤桑哥，人皆危之，仁祖自若也。 遷工部尚書，桑哥以曹務煩劇特重困之，仁祖處之甚安。 尋出使雲中，桑哥考工部織課稍緩，怒曰：「誤國家歲用。」 亟遣驛騎追還，就見桑哥相府中，遽命直吏拘往督工，且促其期，曰：「違期必致汝於法。」 左右皆為之懼。 仁祖退，召諸署長從容諭之曰：「丞相怒在我，不在爾也。 汝等勿懼，宜力加勉。」 衆皆感激，晝夜倍其功，期未及而辦，乃罷。 已而桑哥繫獄，有旨命仁祖往籍其家。 明日桑哥以左右之援得釋，衆見駭然，目仁祖曰：「怒虎之威，可再犯邪！」 悉踰垣以竄，仁祖獨不為之動，桑哥竟敗。
When Chancellor Sangge held power and his authority blazed, Renzu argued without yielding and repeatedly crossed him. Others feared for his safety, but Renzu remained unperturbed. Promoted to Minister of Works, he was deliberately burdened by Sangge with the heaviest duties of the ministry, yet Renzu handled them with complete composure. Soon he was sent on mission to Yunzhong. Sangge inspected the Ministry of Works' weaving quotas, found them behind schedule, and raged, "You have jeopardized the state's annual revenue." He immediately sent relay riders to recall him. Summoned to Sangge's chancellor's residence, Renzu was abruptly bound by a clerk and sent to supervise the work, with the deadline shortened: "Miss the deadline and you will face the law." All those around him were terrified for him. Renzu withdrew and calmly told the section chiefs, "The chancellor's anger is aimed at me, not at you. Do not be afraid. Work all the harder." All were deeply moved. Day and night they doubled their efforts, finished before the deadline, and he was released. Before long Sangge was imprisoned, and an order commanded Renzu to inventory his household. The next day Sangge was released with help from his followers. Everyone was alarmed and looked at Renzu: "Will you provoke an enraged tiger again?" All climbed the walls to flee. Renzu alone was unmoved, and in the end Sangge fell.
33
二十八年，除翰林學士承旨、中奉大夫。 遼陽饑，奉旨偕近侍速哥、左丞忻都往賑，忻都欲如戶籍口數大小給之，仁祖曰：「不可，昔籍之小口，今已大矣，可偕以大口給之。」 忻都曰：「若要善名，而陷我于惡邪！」 仁祖笑曰：「吾二人善惡，衆已的知，豈至是而始要名哉！ 我知為國卹民而已，何卹爾言。」 卒以大口給之。 俄除通奉大夫、將作院使。
In the twenty-eighth year he was appointed Academician Exemplar of the Hanlin Academy and Zhongfeng Dafu. When Liaoyang suffered famine, he was ordered to go with close attendant Suge and Left Vice Councillor Xindu to provide relief. Xindu wished to distribute grain according to the large and small mouths on the household registers. Renzu said, "That will not do. Those registered as small mouths in the past are grown now; we should distribute to them as large mouths." Xindu said, "Do you want a good name for yourself while casting me as the villain?" Renzu laughed and said, "Whether we two are good or bad, the public already knows. Would I wait until now to seek a reputation? I act only to relieve the people for the sake of the state. Why should I care what you say?" In the end they distributed according to the large-mouth standard. Soon he was appointed Tongfeng Dafu and Commissioner of the Directorate of Palace Construction.
34
成宗即位，尊大母元妃為皇太后，以仁祖善書，特敕書冊文。 復奉詔督工織絲像世祖御容，越三年告成。 大德五年，再授翰林學士承旨、資善大夫、知制誥兼修國史，以疾卒，年五十三。 贈榮祿大夫、平章政事，追封洹國公，諡文貞。
When Emperor Chengzong ascended the throne and honored the Grand Empress Yuan consort as Empress Dowager, Renzu was specially ordered to write the investiture document because of his skill in calligraphy. He was again ordered to supervise the weaving of a silk portrait of Kublai's imperial likeness, which was completed after three years. In the fifth year of Dade he was again appointed Academician Exemplar of the Hanlin Academy, Zishan Dafu, and Drafting Edicts with concurrent duty compiling the national history. He died of illness at fifty-three. He was posthumously granted Ronglu Dafu and Grand Councillor, enfeoffed posthumously as Duke of Huanguo with the posthumous epithet Wenzhen.
35
子恕，初授奉訓大夫、壽武庫提點。 至大中，遷翰林待制，後累遷至亞中大夫、侍儀使。
His son Shu was first appointed Fengxun Dafu and Commissioner of the Shouwu Storehouse. In the Zhida era he was transferred to Hanlin Attendant Draftsman and later rose cumulatively to Yazhong Dafu and Ceremonial Commissioner.
36
朶兒赤
Duo'erchi
37
朶兒赤字道明，西夏寧州人。 父斡扎簀，世掌其國史。 初守西涼，率父老以城降太祖，有旨副撒都忽為中興路管民官。 國兵西征，運餉不絕，無毫髮私，時號曰滿朝清。 世祖即位，斡扎簀寢疾卒。 遺奏因高智耀以進，請謹名爵、節財用，帝嘉納焉。
Duo'erchi, styled Daoming, was a native of Ning Prefecture in Western Xia. His father Wozhazai came from a family that had managed the Western Xia state annals for generations. When he first held Xiliang, he led the town elders in surrendering the city to Taizu, and was ordered to serve as deputy civilian administrator of Zhongxing Circuit under Saduhu. During the western campaigns he kept provisions moving without a break and never touched so much as a hair's worth for himself; people called him Manchaoqing—the man who kept the whole court honest. After Kublai Khan took the throne, Wozhazai fell gravely ill and died. His final memorial reached the throne through Gao Zhiyao, pleading for strict control of honors and thrift in spending—and the emperor welcomed the advice.
38
朶兒赤年十五，通古注論語、孟子、尚書。 帝以西夏子弟多俊逸，欲試用之，召于見香閣，帝曰：「朕聞儒者多嘉言。」 朶兒赤奏曰：「陛下聖明仁智，奄有四海，唯當親君子，遠小人爾。 自古帝王未有不以小人而亡者，惟陛下察焉。」 帝曰：「朕於廷臣有戇直忠言，未嘗不悅而受之； 違忤者，亦未嘗加罪。 蓋欲養忠直，而退諛佞也。 汝言甚合朕意。」 因問欲何仕，朶兒赤對曰：「西夏營田，實占正軍，儻有調用，則又妨耕作。 土瘠野壙，十未墾一。 南軍屯聚以來，子弟蕃息稍衆，若以其成丁者，別編入籍，以實屯力，則地利多而兵有餘矣。 請為其緫管，以盡措畫。」 帝可之，乃授中興路新民緫管。 至官，錄其子弟之壯者墾田，塞黃河九口，開其三流。 凡三載，賦額增倍，就轉營田使。 秩滿入覲，帝大悅，陞潼川府尹。 時公府無祿田，朶兒赤乃以官曠地給民，視秩分畝，而薄其稅。 潼川仕者有祿，自此始。
By fifteen, Duo'erchi had mastered the Analects, Mencius, and Book of Documents together with their classical commentaries. The emperor knew many talented young men from Western Xia and wanted to put them to the test, so he summoned Duo'erchi to the Jianxiang Pavilion and said, "I have heard that scholars have much worth saying to a ruler. Duo'erchi replied, "Your Majesty is sagacious, benevolent, and wise, and holds the realm in your grasp—all that remains is to keep gentlemen near and petty men far away. No ruler in history has ever fallen except through the influence of petty men; I beg Your Majesty to see this clearly." The emperor said, "When my ministers speak bluntly and in good faith, I always welcome what they say; and even when they contradict me, I never punish them for it. I mean to cultivate honest speech and drive flatterers from my presence. What you have said suits my mind entirely. The emperor asked what post he wanted. Duo'erchi answered, "In Western Xia the garrison farms tie up regular soldiers; whenever troops are called up, the fields suffer again. The land is poor and vast, with barely one plot in ten opened to the plow. Since garrison troops were massed here, families have grown steadily; if every able-bodied young man were registered separately to strengthen the colonies, the land would yield more and the army would still have reserves to spare. Let me serve as their chief overseer, so I may carry the plan through from start to finish. The emperor agreed and made him Overseer-General of New Settlers on the Zhongxing Circuit. On taking office he registered strong young men for reclamation work, sealed nine breaches in the Yellow River, and opened three diversion channels. In three years the tax yield doubled, and he was promoted to Garrison-Farm Commissioner. When his term ended and he came to court, the emperor was delighted and made him Prefect of Tongchuan. The prefectural office had no salary lands, so Duo'erchi granted idle official fields to officials according to rank and kept the tax light. From that day forward, officials at Tongchuan drew their salaries from allotted lands.
39
未幾，臺臣奏為雲南廉訪副使。 時雲南諸蠻叛，僚佐悉稱故而去，朶兒赤獨居守。 又八月，省臣大懼，歸符印欲遁，朶兒赤乃白于梁王，得檄而後出。 遷山南廉訪副使，未幾，復調雲南廉訪使。 會行省丞相帖木迭兒貪暴擅誅殺，羅織安撫使法花魯丁，將置于極刑，朶兒赤謂之曰：「生殺之柄，繫于天子，汝以方面之臣而專殺，意將何為？ 小民罹法，且必審覆，況朝廷之臣耶！」 法花魯丁竟獲免，尋復其官。 夷與蠻相讎殺，時省臣受賄，助其報仇，乃詐奏蠻叛，起兵殺良民。 朶兒赤奏劾，竟廢之。 年六十二，卒于官。
Soon thereafter the censorate recommended him as Vice Surveillance Commissioner in Yunnan. Barbarian tribes across Yunnan had risen in revolt; every aide found an excuse to leave, and Duo'erchi alone held his post. That August the provincial officials panicked, handed back their seals, and prepared to flee; Duo'erchi appealed to the Prince of Liang and did not stir until he received written authorization. He was moved to Vice Surveillance Commissioner of Shannan, and soon afterward was sent back as Surveillance Commissioner of Yunnan. The Branch Secretariat chancellor Temur Die'er was greedy, brutal, and fond of executions on his own authority; he framed Pacification Commissioner Fahualuding and was about to impose the death penalty. Duo'erchi confronted him: "The power of life and death belongs to the emperor alone—you are a regional minister. What do you mean by executing men on your own? Even when ordinary people break the law the case must be reviewed—how much more when the accused is a court official! Fahualuding was spared in the end, and before long was restored to office. Yi tribes and local barbarian clans were locked in a cycle of vendetta killings; provincial officials took bribes to help one side settle scores, then falsely reported a barbarian rebellion and sent troops who slaughtered innocent people. Duo'erchi impeached them, and they were dismissed. He died in office at the age of sixty-two.
40
子仁通，為雲南省理問。 天曆二年三月，雲南諸王與萬戶伯忽等叛，仁通率官軍抗之，沒於陣。
His son Ren Tong served as judicial intendant of Yunnan Province. In the third month of Tianli 2, Yunnan princes joined Wanhu Bohu in revolt; Ren Tong led government forces against them and fell on the battlefield.
41
和尚，玉耳別里伯牙吾台氏。 祖哈剌察兒，率所部歸太祖。 父忽都思，膂力過人。 歲壬辰，從睿宗破金大將合達軍于鈞州三峰山，以功賜號拔都魯。 甲午，金亡。 乙未，授管軍百戶，從攻宋唐、鄧、潁、蔡、襄陽、郢、復、信陽、光等州，屢立戰功。 辛亥，賜名馬、文錦、白金、甲冑、弓矢。 乙卯，從攻漢上鐵城寨，歿于軍，贈竭忠宣力功臣、資德大夫、中書右丞、上護軍、沇國公，諡武愍。
Heshang belonged to the Yu'erbieli Bayawutai clan. His grandfather Halacha'er brought his followers to Taizu in submission. His father Hudusi had strength beyond that of ordinary men. In the renchen year he followed Prince Ruizong in breaking the Jin general Heda at Sanfeng Mountain in Junzhou and was granted the title Badulu for his service. In jiawu the Jin dynasty fell. In yiwei he was made commander of a hundred-household unit and fought through Tang, Deng, Ying, Cai, Xiangyang, Ying, Fu, Xinyang, Guang, and other Song prefectures, winning distinction again and again. In xinhai the court rewarded him with fine horses, brocade, silver, armor, and bows and arrows. In yimao he joined the assault on Tiechengzhai above the Han River and died on campaign; he was posthumously ennobled as Duke of Yan with the posthumous name Wumin, along with a full suite of honors reaching Vice Director of the Right Secretariat.
42
和尚襲父職。 己未，從世祖攻鄂州。 中統三年，李璮判，從國兵討之，戰老僧口，斬獲甚衆，陞阿剌罕萬戶府經歷。 至元五年，攻襄陽，軍務繁劇，贊畫一有方，都元帥阿朮薦其才可大用。
Heshang succeeded to his father's command. In jiwei he fought under Kublai Khan at the siege of Ezhou. In Zhongtong 3, when Li Tan rebelled, he marched with the imperial forces, fought at Laosengkou, took a heavy toll of enemy lives, and was promoted to administrator of the Alahan Wanhu office. During the fifth year of Zhiyuan, at the siege of Xiangyang, he kept military affairs in firm order amid crushing pressure, and Grand Marshal Aju recommended him for higher duty.
43
十一年，從丞相伯顏渡江，與宋軍戰于柳子、魯洑、新灘、沌口，伯顏上其功，世祖嘉獎不已。 十二年，從平章阿里海牙攻拔岳州，取沙市。 至江陵，宋安撫使高達城守拒戰，和尚直抵城下，諭以禍福，達遂開門出降，以功陞行省郎中。 從國兵圍潭州，潭守臣李芾堅守，攻之三月不下。 十三年，城破，芾死。 諸將利於虜略，欲屠其城，和尚宣言曰：「拒我師者，宋將耳。 其民何罪。 既受其降，即是吾民，殺之何忍。 且今列城多未附，降而殺之，是堅其效死之心也。」 左丞崔斌曰：「郎中言是。」 平章阿里海牙意亦與合，遂從之。 一城之人，賴以全活。 由是湖南諸郡，聞風皆下。 世祖聞之，賞賜加厚，改行省斷事官。
In the eleventh year he crossed the Yangzi with Chancellor Bayan and fought Song forces at Liuzi, Lufu, Xintan, and Dunkou; Bayan commended him to the throne, and Kublai Khan heaped praise upon him. The next year he followed Pingzhang Alihaiya in the capture of Yuezhou and Shashi. At Jiangling, Song Pacification Commissioner Gao Da held the city and fought on; Heshang rode to the walls and spoke to him of what victory or ruin would bring, and Gao opened the gates and surrendered. For this Heshang was promoted to director in the branch secretariat. He joined the siege of Tanzhou, where the defender Li Fei held out for three months without yielding. In the thirteenth year the city fell and Li Fei was killed. The generals, eager for loot, wanted to sack the city; Heshang declared publicly, "Only the Song commanders resisted us. The people have done nothing wrong. They have surrendered and are already our subjects—how can we slaughter them? Many cities have not yet submitted; if we kill those who surrender, we will only harden the rest to fight to the last man. Left Assistant Commissioner Cui Bin said, "The director is right. Pingzhang Alihaiya agreed, and they did as Heshang advised. The entire city was spared because of him. On hearing what had happened, the commanderies of Hunan submitted one after another. When Kublai Khan heard the news he heaped rewards upon him and appointed him judicial officer of the branch secretariat.
44
徇地廣西，督前軍攻破靜江，遂兼行宣撫事。 廣西平，授太中大夫、常德路達魯花赤，以治最聞，擢嶺南廣西道提刑按察使。 時阿里海牙恃功頗驕恣，和尚劾奏不少貸。 遷江南浙西道提刑按察使。 浙西，宋故都，民衆事繁，在職惟務鎮靜，人服其知大體。 卒于官，年四十九。 贈宣忠守正功臣、銀青榮祿大夫、司徒、上柱國，追封沇國公，諡莊肅。 子千奴。
He drove the conquest forward in Guangxi, led the vanguard in the capture of Jingjiang, and was given concurrent charge of branch pacification affairs. After Guangxi was pacified he was made Grand Master for Splendid Happiness and darughachi of Changde Circuit; his record as an administrator led to promotion as Surveillance Commissioner on the Lingnan-Guangxi Circuit. By then Alihaiya had grown arrogant on the strength of his victories; Heshang impeached him without pulling his punches. He was transferred to Surveillance Commissioner on the Jiangnan-Zhexi Circuit. Zhexi had been the heartland of Song rule—crowded, complicated, and easily unsettled; Heshang kept the peace and won respect for his sense of the larger good. He died in office at forty-nine. Posthumously he was honored as Duke of Yan with the posthumous name Zhuangsu, along with titles reaching Minister of Education and Upper Pillar of the State. He left a son, Qiannu.
45
千奴以御史大夫月魯那延薦，入見大安閣，世祖念其功臣子，即以其父官授之，拜武德將軍、江南浙西道提刑按察使。 時江浙行中書省、行御史臺皆治杭，千奴上言：「行省專控江浙，在杭為宜。 行臺緫鎮江南，不宜偏在杭。 且兩大府並立，勢偪則事窒，情通則威褻，盍移行臺於要便之所。」 後數年，遂移行臺於江東。 遷山南湖北道提刑按察使。
Recommended by Censor-in-Chief Yuelunayan, Qiannu had an audience at the Da'an Pavilion; remembering that he was a meritorious minister's son, Kublai Khan gave him his father's old post as General Wude and Surveillance Commissioner on the Jiangnan-Zhexi Circuit. The Jiang-Zhe Branch Secretariat and the Branch Censorate both sat at Hangzhou; Qiannu argued, "The branch secretariat oversees Jiang-Zhe alone—it belongs in Hangzhou. But the branch censorate supervises all of Jiangnan and should not be tied to one city. When two great offices stand side by side, proximity breeds friction and familiarity erodes authority—he urged moving the censorate to a more commanding location. Within a few years the branch censorate was indeed moved east of the river. He was transferred to Surveillance Commissioner on the Shannan-Hubei Circuit.
46
二十六年，加明威將軍，遷淮西江北道提刑按察使。 時桑哥秉政擅權，勢焰熏灼，人莫敢言。 千奴乘間入朝，見帝於柳林，極陳其罪狀，帝為之改容。 未幾，桑哥伏誅，又上言其黨猶布中外，宜早處分。 改立肅政廉訪司，進廣威將軍，授江北淮東道肅政廉訪使。
In year 26 he was made General Mingwei and moved to Surveillance Commissioner on the Huaixi-Jiangbei Circuit. Sangge then dominated the government, and his power was so fierce that no one dared speak against him. Qiannu seized his chance to come to court, met the emperor at Liulin, and laid out Sangge's crimes in full; the emperor's face changed as he listened. Soon Sangge was executed, and Qiannu memorialized again that his followers still held posts across the realm and should be removed at once. The integrity-supervision offices were reorganized; Qiannu was promoted to General Guangwei and made Surveillance Commissioner on the Jiangbei-Huaidong Circuit.
47
三十一年，遷江東建康道肅政廉訪使，丁祖母憂，服闋。 東平、大名諸路有諸王牧馬草地，與民田相間，互相侵冒，有司視強弱為予奪，連歲爭訟不能定。 乃命起千奴治之，其訟遂息。
In year 31 he became Surveillance Commissioner on the Jiangdong-Jiankang Circuit, then withdrew to mourn his grandmother and returned when the mourning period ended. In Dongping, Daming, and other circuits princely horse pastures lay interwoven with peasant fields; officials favored the strong side in every dispute, and lawsuits dragged on for years without resolution. The court recalled Qiannu from mourning to settle the matter, and the litigation finally stopped.
48
大德二年，授太中大夫、建康路緫管，未行，奉詔使淮東、西問民疾苦，察官吏能否。 千奴勤于咨訪，興利除害，還奏軍民便宜三十事，多見采用。 歷江西湖東、江南湖北兩道廉訪使。 時中書平章伯顏等固位日久，黨與衆盛，所任之人，徇情弄法，綱紀漸壞。 千奴摭其實，上于憲臺以聞，伯顏等皆被黜。 前後七持憲節，剛正不撓，聞朝廷事有不便，必上章極論，未嘗以內外為嫌。
In Dade 2 he was named Grand Master for Splendid Happiness and Administrator-General of Jiankang Circuit; before he could take up the post he was sent on imperial commission to Huaidong and Huaxi to hear the people's grievances and judge whether officials were fit for their posts. Qiannu traveled tirelessly, rooting out abuses and advancing reforms; he returned with thirty recommendations for army and people, most of which the court adopted. He served in turn as Surveillance Commissioner on the Jiangxi-Hudong and Jiangnan-Hubei circuits. By then Chancellor Bayan and his allies had held power for years; their faction was large, their appointees traded favors for legal exceptions, and public order was slipping. Qiannu documented their abuses and reported them through the censorate; Bayan and his associates were all removed. Seven times he carried the censor's authority; upright and fearless, he memorialized forcefully whenever he saw the court headed wrong, never letting rank or distance stay his hand.
49
七年，授嘉議大夫、大都路緫管，兼大興府尹。 馭吏治民有方，以暇日正街衢，表里巷，國學興工，尤盡其力。 俄進通議大夫、同僉樞密院事。 上疏言：「蒙古軍在山東、河南者，往戍甘肅，跋涉萬里，裝橐鞍馬之資，皆其自辦，每行必鬻田產，甚則賣妻子。 戍者未歸，代者當發，前後相仍，困苦日甚。 今邊陲無事，而虛殫兵力，誠為非計，請以近甘肅之兵戍之。 而山東、河南前戍者，官為出錢，贖其田產妻子，庶使少有瘳也。」 詔從之。 未幾，遷參議中書省事，贊決機務，精練明敏。 凡干祿之人由他道進者，一切不用，時論翕然稱焉。
In year 7 he became Grand Master for Exalted Counsel, Administrator-General of Dadu Circuit, and concurrently Prefect of Daxing. He governed officials and people with skill; in his spare hours he put the streets and lanes in order and threw himself especially into building the National University. Soon he was promoted to Grand Master for Discourse and Administration and Associate Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs. He memorialized that Mongol soldiers from Shandong and Henan, when posted to garrison Gansu, marched ten thousand li and paid for their own gear and mounts—selling land every time they went, and in the worst cases selling wives and children. Relief columns set out before the previous garrison had returned, so the hardship never let up. With the border quiet, it made no sense to waste soldiers this way; he asked that troops already near Gansu take the posts instead. For those already ruined in Shandong and Henan, he proposed that the state pay to buy back their land and families so they might recover somewhat. The emperor approved the proposal. Soon he was made Participant in the Affairs of the Secretariat, where he handled state business with seasoned clarity and decisive judgment. He would not employ anyone who had bought or schemed his way into office, and public opinion united in praise.
50
延祐五年，乞致仕，帝憫其衰老，從其請，仍給半俸終其身。 退居濮上，築先聖宴居祠堂於歷山之下，聚書萬卷，延名師教其鄉里子弟，出私田百畝以給養之。 有司以聞，賜額歷山書院。 家居七年而卒，年七十一。 贈推忠輔治功臣、光祿大夫、河南江北等處行中書省平章政事、上柱國，追封衛國公，諡景憲。
In Yanyou 5 he asked to retire; the emperor, pitying his age, granted the request and allowed him half pay for life. He withdrew to live on the Pu River, founded a shrine to the Sage below Mount Li, amassed a library of ten thousand scrolls, brought in celebrated masters to teach the young men of his district, and endowed the school with a hundred mou of his own land for its upkeep. Officials reported the project to the court, which bestowed the name Lishan Academy. After seven years in retirement he died, at seventy-one. He was posthumously honored as Meritorious Subject Who Pushes Loyalty and Assists Governance, Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, and Pingzhang of the Henan-Jiangbei Branch Secretariat, with the rank of Upper Pillar of State; the court enfeoffed him posthumously as Duke of Wei with the temple name Jingxian.
51
子龍寶，監察御史； 壽童，洪澤屯萬戶，早卒； 不蘭奚，南臺御史； 觀音保，襲洪澤屯萬戶； 孛顏忽都，起進士知鄭州，以治行第一，入為翰林國史院經歷。
His son Longbao served as a supervising censor; Shutong held the post of Ten-thousand Household Commander of Hongze Colony and died young; Bulanxi served on the Southern Censorate; Guanyinbao inherited the Hongze Colony command; Beyanhudu entered office through the jinshi degree, governed Zheng Prefecture, and ranked first in merit; he was then appointed director of the Hanlin Academy and National History Bureau.
52
劉容字仲寬，其先西寧青海人。 高祖阿華，西夏主尚食。 西夏平，徙西寧民於雲京。 容父海川，在徙中，後遂為雲京人。
Liu Rong, styled Zhongkuan, came from a family native to Xining on the Qinghai frontier. His great-grandfather A Hua had been chief of provisions to the Western Xia ruler. After the Western Xia kingdom fell, the people of Xining were moved to Yunjing. Rong's father Haichuan was among the deportees and later became a man of Yunjing.
53
容幼穎悟，稍長，喜讀書。 其俗素尚武，容亦善騎射，然弗之好也。 中統初，以國師薦，入侍皇太子於東宮，命專掌庫藏。 每退直，即詣國子祭酒許衡，衡亦與進之。 至元七年，世祖駐蹕鎮海，聞容知吏事，召至，命權中書省掾。 事畢復前職，以忠直稱。
Rong was bright as a boy and, as he grew, took to books. His people had always prized martial skill; Rong could ride and shoot well enough, but he cared nothing for it. Early in the Zhongtong era the State Preceptor recommended him to serve the crown prince in the Eastern Palace, where he was put in charge of the treasury. After every shift he visited Xu Heng, director of the National University, who took him forward in his studies. In Zhiyuan 7, while Kublai was staying at Zhenhai, he heard that Rong understood government and summoned him to serve as acting clerk of the Secretariat. When the assignment ended he resumed his palace duties and earned a reputation for loyalty and plain speaking.
54
十五年，奉旨使江西，撫慰新附之民。 或勸其頗受送遺，歸賂權貴人，可立致榮寵，容曰：「剝民以自利，吾心何安。」 使還，惟載書籍數車，獻之皇太子。 忌嫉者從而讒之，由是稍疏容，然容亦終不辯。 會立詹事院，容上言曰：「太子天下本，苟不得端人正士左右輔翼之，使傾邪側媚之徒進，必有損令德。」 聞者是之。 俄命為太子司議，改祕書監。
In year 15 he was sent on imperial commission to Jiangxi to reassure the newly pacified population. Some advised him to accept lavish gifts and, once home, buy favor with the powerful—a quick path to rank and preferment. Rong replied, "If I fleece the people to enrich myself, how could I live with that?" He returned from the mission with nothing but several cartloads of books, which he presented to the crown prince. Jealous rivals slandered him, and the court gradually cooled toward him; Rong never offered a word in his own defense. When the Household of the Heir Apparent was established, Rong memorialized: "The crown prince is the foundation of the empire. Unless upright men surround him, while sycophants and schemers gain access, his virtue will surely suffer." Listeners approved his counsel. He was soon made chief counselor to the crown prince, then director of the Secretariat Archive.
55
未幾，出為廣平路緫管。 富民有同姓爭財產者，訟連年不決，容至，取籍考二人父祖名字，得其實，立斷之，爭者遂服。 皇子雲南王至汴，其達魯花赤某欲厚斂，以通賄于王，容請自往，乃減其費。 後以疾卒於官，年五十二。
Before long he was posted as administrator-general of Guangping Circuit. Two families of the same surname had wrangled over property for years. Rong consulted the household registers, traced each side's lineages, settled the case at once, and both parties accepted his ruling. When the Prince of Yunnan reached Bian, his darughachi planned to extort the locals to buy the prince's favor. Rong volunteered to receive the prince himself and cut the cost sharply. He later died in office of illness, at fifty-two.
56
迦魯納荅思
Jialunadasi
57
迦魯納荅思，畏吾兒人，通天竺教及諸國語。 翰林學士承旨安藏扎牙荅思薦於世祖，召入朝，命與國師講法。 國師西番人，言語不相通。 帝因命迦魯納荅思從國師習其法，及言與字，期年皆通。 以畏吾字譯西天、西番經論，既成，進其書，帝命鋟版，賜諸王大臣。 西南小國星哈剌的威二十餘種來朝，迦魯納荅思於帝前敷奏其表章，諸國驚服。
Jialunadasi was a Uyghur versed in Indian religion and many foreign tongues. Anzha Yazhasi, Academician-in-Chief of the Hanlin Academy, recommended him to Kublai; summoned to court, he was ordered to debate doctrine with the State Preceptor. The State Preceptor was Tibetan, and they could not understand each other's speech. The emperor told Jialunadasi to study the State Preceptor's teachings, language, and script; within a year he had mastered all three. He rendered Indian and Tibetan scriptures into Uyghur script; when the work was done he presented it to the throne, and Kublai ordered it printed and distributed among princes and ministers. When more than twenty minor southwestern states including Xinghaladewei came to pay tribute, Jialunadasi read their memorials before the emperor, to the astonishment of every envoy.
58
朝議興兵討暹國、羅斛、馬八兒、俱藍、蘇木都剌諸國，迦魯納荅思奏：「此皆蕞爾之國，縱得之，何益？ 興兵徒殘民命，莫若遣使諭以禍福，不服而攻，未晚也。」 帝納其言。 命岳剌也奴、帖滅等往使，降者二十餘國。
Court debated sending armies against Siam, Lavo, Ma'bar, Kulam, and Samudra; Jialunadasi argued: "These are tiny kingdoms—what would we gain even if we conquered them? War would only slaughter subjects for nothing. Send envoys to warn them of the consequences; if they refuse, attack then—not before." The emperor took his advice. He dispatched Yueliyenu, Tiemie, and others as envoys, and more than twenty states submitted.
59
闊里吉思
Kuolijisi
60
闊里吉思，蒙古按赤歹氏。 曾祖八思不花，從攻乃蠻、欽察、兀羅思、馬扎兒、回回諸國，常為先鋒破敵，太祖嘉之，賜以虎符。 及諭降豐州、雲州，擢充宣撫使。 祖忽押忽辛襲職，佩虎符。 憲宗嘗語之曰：「汝所佩金符舊矣，何以旌世功。」 命改製，以賜之。 中統三年，改河中府達魯花赤，卒。 父藥失謀，擢襄陽統軍司經歷，改宿州達魯花赤，皆不拜。 樞密副使孛羅、御史中丞木八剌引見世祖，奏曰：「此忽押忽辛子也，乞以其祖父虎符授之。」 擢中順大夫、金剛臺達魯花赤，繼改光州。 屢遷安東州、河中府及溫州、潞州，以建康路達魯花赤致仕。
Kuolijisi belonged to the Mongol Anchidai clan. His great-grandfather Ba Sihua had fought Naiman, Qipchaq, Rus', Hungary, and the Muslim states, often leading the van; Genghis Khan rewarded him with a tiger tally. After Feng and Yun prefectures were brought over, he was made Pacification Commissioner. His grandfather Hu Yahuxin inherited the office and the tiger tally. Emperor Möngke once told him, "The gold tally you wear is worn out—how can it do justice to your family's service?" He had a new one made and bestowed it on him. In Zhongtong 3 he became darughachi of Hezhong Prefecture and died in office. His father Yaoshimou was offered director of the Xiangyang army command and darughachi of Suzhou, but declined both. Vice Commissioner Boluo and Censor-in-Chief Mubala presented him to Kublai and said, "This is Hu Yahuxin's son—we ask that his grandfather's tiger tally pass to him." He was made Grand Master of Central Accordance and darughachi of Jingangtai, then of Guang Prefecture. He served in turn at Andong, Hezhong, Wen, and Lu, and retired as darughachi of Jiankang Circuit.
61
闊里吉思初以宿衛，充博兒赤。 至元二十五年，擢朝列大夫、司農少卿，賜金束帶。 遷中議大夫、司農卿。 陞資善大夫、司農卿。 拜榮祿大夫、行湖廣平章，將兵討海南生黎諸峒寨。 又明年，平之。 師還，徵入見，賜玉束帶、金銀、幣帛、弓矢、甲冑，及寶鈔、鞍勒，得旨還鎮。
Kuolijisi began as a palace guardsman and served as ba'urchi. In Zhiyuan 25 he became Vice Minister of Agriculture with the rank of Grand Master of the Court Hierarchy and received a gold belt. He was promoted to Minister of Agriculture with the rank of Grand Master of Central Discourse. He rose to Grand Master for Fostering Goodness, still as Minister of Agriculture. Made Grand Master of Glorious Blessings and acting Pingzhang of Huguang, he led troops against the Li hill-forts of Hainan. The following year he pacified the region. After his return he was recalled to court and rewarded with a jade belt, gold and silver, silks, bow and armor, paper money, and tack; then sent back to his post.
62
成宗即位，入見，賜海東青鶻、白鶻各一，及衣服有差。 大德二年，改福建行省平章。 未幾，以福建隸江浙，改福建道宣慰使、都元帥。 陞征東省平章政事。 高麗刑政無節，官冗民稀，闊里吉思因悉加裁正以聞。 有旨，徵入見，俾條析便民事宜。 大德五年，復拜湖廣平章，踰年，改陝西，以目疾還京師。 加官至金紫光祿大夫、雲南諸路行中書省左丞相，卒年六十六。
When Temür succeeded, Kuolijisi was received in audience and given a gyrfalcon and a white hawk from the northeast, along with robes of rank. In Dade 2 he became Pingzhang of the Fujian branch secretariat. When Fujian was placed under Jiang-Zhe, he was made Pacification Commissioner and Grand Marshal of the Fujian Circuit. He was promoted to Pingzhang of the Eastern Expedition Secretariat. Korea's justice was lax, its offices bloated, its population thin; Kuolijisi audited the abuses and reported them all to the throne. The emperor summoned him to court and told him to set out concrete reforms for the people's benefit. In Dade 5 he was again made Pingzhang of Huguang; a year later he was posted to Shaanxi, but eye trouble forced him back to the capital. He was raised to Grand Master of the Gold Seal and Purple Ribbon and Left Chancellor of the Yunnan branch secretariat; he died at sixty-six.
63
子完澤，湖廣右丞，征廣西賊，卒于軍。
His son Wanzhe, Right Chancellor of Huguang, died on campaign against Guangxi rebels.
64
小雲石脫忽憐八丹附
Appendix: Xiaoyunshituohulian and Badan
65
小雲石脫忽憐，畏吾人，仕其國為吾魯愛兀赤，猶華言大臣也。 太祖時，與其父來歸。 從征回回國還，事睿宗於潛邸。 真定，睿宗分地，以為本路斷事官。
Xiaoyunshituohulian was a Uyghur who had served his kingdom as uruq a'uchi—the equivalent of a chief minister. He and his father submitted to Genghis Khan. After campaigning in the Muslim lands he entered the service of Tolui at the princely residence. Zhending fell within Tolui's appanage, and Xiaoyunshituohulian was made chief magistrate of the circuit.
66
子八丹，事世祖為寶兒赤，鷹房萬戶。 從征哈剌張有功，賜男女各一人、金一鋌，及銀甕等物。 征阿里不哥，戰於昔門禿，日三合，殺獲甚衆，賜金一鋌。 後以鷹房萬戶從裕宗北征，至鎮海你里溫，賜銀椅及鈔一萬五千貫，命歸守真定。
His son Badan served Kublai as ba'urchi and commander of the eagle-hunting household. He distinguished himself in the war against Hala Zhang and was rewarded with male and female servants, a gold ingot, a silver urn, and other gifts. Fighting Ariq Böke at Ximendu, he fought three battles in a single day, killing and capturing many, and received a gold ingot. He later followed Crown Prince Zhenjin north as commander of the eagle household; at Zhenhai Neriwun he received a silver chair and fifteen thousand strings of paper money, then was ordered home to guard Zhending.
67
未幾，命行省揚州，八丹辭曰：「臣自幼未嘗去陛下，願留侍左右。」 改隆興府達魯花赤，遙授中書右丞，諭之曰：「是朕舊所居，汝往居之。」 八丹又辭，帝不允。 居三年，海都叛，奉旨從甘麻剌太子往征之，師還，以功賜金一鋌。 卒贈銀青榮祿大夫、司徒。
Soon he was ordered to oversee Yangzhou. Badan declined: "I have never left Your Majesty since boyhood; let me stay at your side." He was instead made darughachi of Longxing and given the honorary title of Right Chancellor. The emperor told him, "That was my old residence—go and keep it." Badan protested again, but the emperor refused. After three years Khaidu rebelled; Badan marched with Crown Prince Gamala on imperial orders and, when the army returned, received a gold ingot for his service. He was posthumously honored as Grand Master of Glorious Blessings with Silver Seal and Green Ribbon and as Grand Mentor.
68
子阿里，鷹房千戶； 石得，安西王相府官； 德眼，汝定府達魯花赤； 阿散，甘肅行省平章政事； 臘真，由會同館使同知通政院，有政蹟，官至榮祿大夫、中書省平章政事，兼翰林學士承旨、通政院使，卒。 子察乃，金紫光祿大夫、中書省平章政事。 察乃子十人：老章，知樞密院事； 撒馬篤，中書省參知政事。
His son Ali commanded an eagle-hunting thousand-household; Shide served in the chancellery of the Prince of Anxi; Deyan was darughachi of Ruding Prefecture; Asan was Pingzhang of the Gansu branch secretariat; Lazhen rose from the Reception Office to associate director of the Bureau of Transmission on the strength of his record, then reached Grand Master of Glorious Blessings, Pingzhang of the Secretariat, Academician-in-Chief of the Hanlin, and Commissioner of Transmission before his death. His son Chanae became Grand Master of the Gold Seal and Purple Ribbon and Pingzhang of the Secretariat. Chanae had ten sons; Laozhang directed the Bureau of Military Affairs; Samadu served as Participant in the Affairs of the Secretariat.
69
斡羅思
Woluosi
70
斡羅思，康里氏。 曾祖哈失伯要，國初款附，為莊聖太后宮牧官。 祖海都，從憲宗征釣魚山，歿于陣。 父明里帖木兒，世祖時為必闍赤，後為太府少監。
Woluosi belonged to the Kangli clan. His great-grandfather Hashiboyao submitted at the dynasty's founding and served as herdsman to Empress Zhuangsheng. His grandfather Haidu followed Möngke against Diaoyu Mountain and fell in battle. His father Minglitie'ermu'er served Kublai as bitchig and later as vice director of the imperial storehouse.
71
斡羅思，至元十九年為內府必闍赤。 二十一年，拜監察御史。 遷雲南行省理問，領雲南王府事。 後以忤桑哥被譖，籍其家，唯金玉帶各一、黃金五十兩，皆上所賜者。 乃以公用係官孳畜，加之罪，帝曰：「口腹之事，其寢之。」 二十六年，置八番羅甸宣慰司，進嘉議大夫、宣慰使。 時諸蠻叛服不常，斡羅思平之，乃立安撫等司以守焉。 二十八年，平楊都要等。 九月，進中奉大夫，錫虎符。 明年，為八番順元等處宣慰使、都元帥，賜三珠虎符。
In Zhiyuan 19 Woluosi became bitchig of the inner palace. In year 21 he was made a supervising censor. He was posted as judicial inquirer of the Yunnan branch secretariat and put in charge of the Yunnan princely establishment. Later he crossed Sangge, was denounced, and had his estate confiscated—but the inventory found only one jade belt, one gold belt, and fifty taels of gold, all imperial gifts. They then added a charge that he had misused official breeding stock tied to the government. The emperor said, "This is a matter of filling one's belly—let it rest." In year 26 the Eight Banners Luodian pacification superintendency was established, and he was promoted to Jiayi Dafu and made pacification commissioner. The frontier tribes were forever shifting between submission and revolt; Woluosi brought them under control and then set up pacification offices to hold the ground. In year 28 he suppressed Yang Duyao and his followers. In the ninth month he was advanced to Zhongfeng Dafu and given a tiger tally. The next year he was made pacification commissioner and grand marshal for the Eight Banners, Shunyuan, and adjoining territories, and received a three-pearl tiger tally.
72
大德六年，授通奉大夫、羅羅思宣慰使，兼管軍萬戶。 進正奉大夫。 武宗立，召還，授資善大夫、中書左丞，領武衛親軍都指揮使，大都屯田府事。 尋進榮祿大夫、中書右丞，兼翰林國史承旨，仍領武衛屯田。 屢奉旨賜貲產第宅，固辭。 遷四川行省平章政事。 至大二年，召還，以瘴癘卧病不起。 皇慶二年卒，年五十有六。 贈光祿大夫、益國公。
In Dade 6 he was appointed Tongfeng Dafu and pacification commissioner of Luolusi, while also commanding an army ten-thousand-household. He was advanced to the rank of Zhengfeng Dafu. When Emperor Wuzong took the throne, Woluosi was recalled and made Zishan Dafu and left assistant director of the Secretariat, while also commanding the Guard privy army and overseeing the Daidu agricultural colonization office. He was soon advanced to Ronglu Dafu and right assistant director of the Secretariat, with concurrent posts as Hanlin academician and director of the national history, and still kept charge of Guard colonization lands. The throne repeatedly offered him estates and houses, but he steadfastly refused. He was transferred to vice premier of the Sichuan branch secretariat. In Zhida 2 he was summoned back, but malarial fever laid him low and he never recovered. He died in Huangqing 2, aged fifty-six. He was posthumously granted Guanglu Dafu and the title Duke of Yiguo.
73
朶羅台
Duoluotai
74
朶羅台，唐兀氏。 祖小丑，太祖既定西夏，括諸色人匠，小丑以業弓進，賜名怯延兀蘭，命為怯憐口行營弓匠百戶，徙居和林，卒。 父塔兒忽台襲職。 阿里不哥叛，塔兒忽台從戰于失畝里禿之地，死之。
Duoluotai belonged to the Tangut people. His grandfather Xiaochou, after Taizu had conquered Western Xia and registered craftsmen of every sort, came forward as a bow-maker, was given the name Qieyannulan, and appointed commander of a hundred-household of bow-makers in a qielinkou mobile camp. He moved to Karakorum and died there. His father Ta'erhutai succeeded to the office. When Ariq Böke rose in rebellion, Ta'erhutai fought at Shimoliutu and was killed in battle.
75
朶羅台從萬戶也速兒、玉哇赤等累戰有功，授前衛親軍百戶。 積官昭信校尉、芍陂屯田千戶所達魯花赤，後以疾退。
Duoluotai campaigned under the ten-thousand-households Yesu'er and Yuwachi and won distinction in battle after battle, and was made a hundred-household of the vanguard guard. He rose through the ranks to commandant of trustworthy signals and darughachi of the Shaohi agricultural colony thousand-household office, then retired on account of illness.
76
朶羅台之弟闊闊出，亦業弓，嘗獻所造弓，帝稱善，問其父何名，闊闊出對曰：「塔兒忽台，臣之父也。」 帝見其狀貌魁偉，且問其能射乎？ 左右對曰：「能。」 試之，果然，遂命為近侍。 明年，武備寺臣復以其弓獻，且奏用之。 帝曰：「孔子言三綱五常。 人能自治，而後能治人； 能齊家，而後能治國。 汝可以此言諭之，而後用之。」 俄擢為大同路廣勝庫達魯花赤。 廣勝者，貯兵器之所。 時緫管唐兀海牙以庫作公署，置甲仗於虛廩中，多被蟲鼠之害，闊闊出言於帝，復之，且責其償兵器之既壞者。 使者薛綽不花、納速魯丁以檄取鷹房軍衣甲弓矢若干，闊闊出責其入文書，領去。 時憲副速魯蠻令毋入文書，且命有司封鑰其庫，將點視之，闊闊出不從。 事聞，帝命笞速魯蠻，罷之。
Duoluotai's younger brother Kuokuochu was also a bow-maker. When he once presented a bow of his own making, the emperor praised it and asked his father's name. Kuokuochu answered, "Ta'erhutai is my father." The emperor saw how tall and imposing he was and asked whether he could shoot. Those around him answered, "He can." They put him to the test, and he proved equal to it, whereupon he was appointed to close attendance. The next year officials of the Armaments Directorate again presented his bow and recommended that it be adopted for use. The emperor said, "Confucius spoke of the three bonds and five constants. A man must first govern himself before he can govern others; he must put his own household in order before he can govern the state. Use these words to instruct him first, and only then put him to use." Before long he was promoted to darughachi of the Guangsheng arsenal on the Datong circuit. Guangsheng was the depot where weapons were kept. The supervising official Tangwu Haiya had turned the arsenal into his own office and kept armor and weapons in empty granaries, where much of it was ruined by insects and rats. Kuokuochu reported the matter to the emperor, had the depot restored to proper use, and made Haiya pay for the weapons already lost. When envoys Xuechuobuhua and Nasuluding came with an order to requisition garments, armor, and bows and arrows from the hawk-household army, Kuokuochu insisted that the withdrawal be entered in the records before they could take anything away. The surveillance vice-commissioner Suluman then ordered that no record be made and told the local office to seal the depot for an inspection, but Kuokuochu refused. When the matter reached the throne, the emperor had Suluman flogged and removed from office.
77
朶羅台之子脫歡，初直宿衛，歷御史臺譯史，拜監察御史。 遷四川行省左右司員外郎、四川廉訪司僉事、樞密院都事，陞斷事官。 其在四川時，嘗上疏曰：「內外修寺，雖支官錢，而一椽一瓦，皆勞民力，百姓嗟怨，感傷和氣。 宜且停罷，仍減省供佛飯僧之費，以紓國用。 如此則上應天心，下合民志，不求福而福自至矣。 回回戶計，多富商大賈，宜與軍民一體應役，如此則賦役均矣。 為國以善為寶，凡子女、玉帛、羽毛、齒革、珍禽、奇獸之類，皆喪德喪志之具。 今後回回諸色人等，不許齎寶中賣，以虛國用，違者罪而沒之。 如此則富商大賈無所施其奸偽，而國用有畜積矣。」 其辭懇直剴切，當時稱之。
Duoluotai's son Tuo'huan began in the night guard, worked as a translator in the Censorate, and was appointed supervising censor. He was posted as outer assistant in the left and right departments of the Sichuan branch secretariat, commissioner on the Sichuan surveillance commission, and clerk in the Privy Council, and was then promoted to judicial officer. While serving in Sichuan he once submitted a memorial: "Whether temples are built in the capital or in the provinces, every rafter and tile still drains the people's labor, though official funds pay the bills. The people groan under the burden, and the harmony of the realm is wounded. Temple building should be halted for now, and the costs of offerings to the Buddha and support for monks should be cut back to relieve the strain on the treasury. Then the court would answer Heaven's intent and the people's wishes alike, and blessing would come unbidden. Most Hui Muslim households are wealthy merchants; they should bear corvée and levies on the same terms as soldiers and commoners, so that the burden of tax and labor falls evenly. A state is governed with virtue as its treasure; sons and daughters, jade and silk, feathers and ivory, rare birds and exotic beasts—all such things are what ruin virtue and corrupt the will. Henceforth Hui Muslims and other foreign peoples should be forbidden to bring precious goods inland for sale and drain the treasury; violators should be punished and their goods seized. Then wealthy merchants would have no room for their fraud, and the state's coffers would begin to fill again." His language was earnest, blunt, and forceful, and men of the day praised him for it.
78
也先不花
Yexianbuhua
79
也先不花初世其職，為必闍赤長。 裕宗封燕王，世祖命也先不花為之傅，且謂之曰：「也先不花，吾舊臣子孫，端方明信，閑習典故，爾每事問之，必不使爾為不善也。」
Yexianbuhua inherited his family's post from the start and served as chief bitchig. When Emperor Yuzong was enfeoffed as Prince of Yan, Kublai made Yexianbuhua his tutor and told the prince, "Yexianbuhua is descended from one of my old ministers. He is upright and trustworthy and well versed in precedent. Consult him in everything; he will never let you go astray."
80
二十三年，拜上柱國、光祿大夫、雲南諸路行中書省平章政事。 時阿郎、可馬丁諸種僰夷為變，討平之。 遂立登雲等路、府、州、縣六十餘所，得戶二十餘萬，官其酋長，定其貢稅，邊境以寧。
In year 23 he was appointed pillars of state, Guanglu Dafu, and vice premier of the Yunnan branch secretariat for all circuits. When the Bo and Yi peoples under Alang, Kemading, and others rose in revolt, he put down the disturbances. He then established more than sixty circuits, prefectures, and counties in Dengyun and elsewhere, bringing more than two hundred thousand households under registration; he appointed local chieftains to office, fixed tribute and taxes, and the frontier was settled.
81
大德二年，遷湖廣行省平章。 為政不怒而威，不察而明。 大事集議，衆論不齊，徐決一言，切中事理，咸出人意表。 會汴梁行省有妖獄，飛語連湖廣平章政事劉國傑、右丞燕公楠，朝廷驛召二人者入。 二人與也先不花嘗有違言，也先不花急遣使附奏，明其無他，二人皆得釋。 八年，遷平章河南行省，河決落黎堤，勢甚危，督有司先士卒以備之，汴以無患。 九年，進拜上柱國、銀青榮祿大夫、湖廣等處行中書省左丞相，賞賜無虛月，方面以安。 至大二年卒。 天曆二年，贈推忠守正佐運翊戴功臣、太師、開府儀同三司、上柱國、恒陽王，諡文貞。 子五人：曰亦憐真，曰禿魯，曰荅思，曰怯烈，曰按攤。
In Dade 2 he was transferred to vice premier of the Huguang branch secretariat. In office he commanded respect without raising his voice and saw clearly without prying into every detail. When great matters were debated and opinion was divided, a single quiet word from him would cut to the heart of the issue and always surpass what anyone had anticipated. When a sorcery case arose in the Bianliang branch secretariat and rumor linked Huguang vice premier Liu Guojie and right assistant director Yan Gongnan to it, the court summoned both men by express relay. The two men had once quarreled with Yexianbuhua, but he urgently sent an envoy with a memorial clearing them of any ulterior motive, and both were released. In year 8 he was made vice premier of the Henan branch secretariat. When the Yellow River burst the Luoli embankment and the danger was acute, he drove the local officials to work ahead of the troops in the defenses, and Bian escaped harm. In year 9 he was promoted to pillars of state, silver-glitter Ronglu Dafu, and left chancellor of the Huguang branch secretariat. Imperial gifts came month after month without fail, and the region grew calm. He died in Zhida 2. In Tianli 2 he was posthumously granted the merit title for loyal service in upholding rectitude and supporting the dynasty, together with the ranks of grand preceptor, grand master with privileges equal to the Three Excellencies, and pillars of state, and was enfeoffed posthumously as Prince of Hengyang with the posthumous name Wen Zhen. He had five sons: Yilianzhen, Tulut, Dasi, Qielie, and Antan.
82
亦憐真，事裕宗於東宮，為家令。 累拜銀青榮祿大夫、湖南等處行中書省左丞相。 延祐元年卒。 天曆元年，贈推誠輔治宣化保德功臣、太傅、開府儀同三司、上柱國，追封武昌王，諡忠定。
Yilianzhen attended Emperor Yuzong in the Eastern Palace as master of the household. He rose through repeated promotions to silver-glitter Ronglu Dafu and left chancellor of the Hunan branch secretariat. He died in Yanyou 1. In Tianli 1 he was posthumously granted the merit title for sincere service in assisting governance and preserving virtue, together with the ranks of grand tutor, grand master with privileges equal to the Three Excellencies, and pillars of state, and was enfeoffed posthumously as Prince of Wuchang with the posthumous name Zhong Ding.
83
荅思，仕至資德大夫、湖南宣慰使。 怯烈，仕至中政使。
Dasi rose to the posts of Zide Dafu and pacification commissioner of Hunan. Qielie rose to the post of director of the Central Administration.
84
按攤，事成宗，襲長宿衛，有旨給七乘傳使，往侍其父也先不花于湖廣。 諸道憲司以按攤孝行聞，拜中奉大夫、海北海南道宣慰使、都元帥。 海康與安南、占城諸夷接境，海島生黎叛服不常，按攤威望素著，夷人帖服，生黎王高等二十餘洞，皆願輸貢稅。 在鎮期年，以省親辭去。 至大二年，拜資德大夫、中書右丞，行浙東道宣慰使司都元帥。 未幾，奔父喪于武昌，以哀毀致疾卒。 天曆二年，贈秉義效忠著節佐治功臣、太保、開府儀同三司、上柱國，追封特進趙國公、中書左丞相，諡貞孝。
Antan served Emperor Chengzong and inherited the senior night-guard post. An imperial order gave him seven relay horses so that he could go to attend his father Yexianbuhua in Huguang. When surveillance commissions throughout the realm reported his filial conduct, he was appointed Zhongfeng Dafu, pacification commissioner, and grand marshal of the Haibei and Hainan circuit. Haikang bordered Annam, Champa, and other foreign lands, and the island-dwelling Sheng Li were forever shifting between submission and revolt. Antan's authority was already well established; the tribes submitted, and more than twenty cave communities led by the Sheng Li chieftain Wang Gao all offered tribute and taxes. After a year in command he asked leave to visit his parents. In Zhida 2 he was appointed Zide Dafu and right assistant director of the Secretariat, with concurrent duty as grand marshal of the Eastern Zhe pacification commission. Before long he hurried to his father's funeral at Wuchang and died of illness brought on by grief. In Tianli 2 he was posthumously granted the merit title for upholding righteousness, loyal service, and distinguished conduct in assisting governance, together with the ranks of grand guardian, grand master with privileges equal to the Three Excellencies, and pillars of state, and was enfeoffed posthumously as specially advanced Duke of Zhao and left chancellor of the Secretariat with the posthumous name Zhen Xiao.
85
子阿榮，由宿衛起家，湖南道宣慰副使，歷拜奎章閣大學士、榮祿大夫、太禧宗禋院使、都典制神御殿事。
His son Arong began in the night guard, served as deputy pacification commissioner on the Hunan circuit, and in time was appointed academician of the Kuizhang Pavilion, Ronglu Dafu, director of the Grand Temple Court, and director of rites for the imperial ancestral spirit hall.