1
耶律希亮
Yelu Xiliang
2
耶律希亮，字明甫，楚材之孫，鑄之子也。 初，六皇后命以赤帖吉氏歸鑄，生希亮於和林南之涼樓，曰禿忽思，六皇后遂以其地名之。 憲宗嘗遣鑄核錢糧於燕，鑄曰：「臣先世皆讀儒書，儒生俱在中土，願攜諸子，至燕受業。」 憲宗從之，乃命希亮師事北平趙衍。 時方九歲，未浹旬，已能賦詩。 歲丙辰，憲宗召鑄還和林，希亮獨留燕。 歲戊午，憲宗在六盤山，希亮詣行在所。 已而鑄扈從南伐，希亮亦在行。 明年，憲宗崩於蜀，希亮將輜重北歸陝右。
Yelu Xiliang, whose style name was Mingfu, was the grandson of Yelu Chucai and the son of Yelu Zhu. In the beginning, the Sixth Empress Dowager had Zhu marry a woman of the Chietieji clan. Xiliang was born at Lianglou, south of Karakorum, in a place called Tuhusi, and the empress dowager gave him that place name. Emperor Xianzong once dispatched Zhu to Yan to audit revenue and grain accounts. Zhu said, "For generations my family has studied the Confucian classics, and the scholars we need are all in China proper. I ask leave to bring my sons to Yan for their education." The emperor agreed and appointed Xiliang to study under Zhao Yan of Beiping. He was only nine at the time, yet within ten days he was already writing verse. In the bingchen year, the emperor recalled Zhu to Karakorum while Xiliang stayed behind in Yan. In the wuwu year, while the emperor was encamped at Liupan Mountain, Xiliang went to join the imperial camp. Soon afterward Zhu accompanied the southern expedition, and Xiliang marched with them. The following year the emperor died in Shu, and Xiliang escorted the supply train northward into western Shaanxi.
3
又明年，為中統元年，世祖即位，阿里不哥反，遣使召主將渾都海。 鑄說渾都海等入朝，皆不從，則棄其妻子，挺身來歸。 既而渾都海知鑄去，怒，遣百騎追之不及。 乃使百人監視希亮母子，迫脅使從行，自靈武過應吉里城，至西涼甘州。 阿里不哥遣大將阿藍答兒自和林帥師至焉支山，希亮見之。 阿藍答兒問：「而父安在？」 希亮曰：「不知，與吾父同任事者宜知之。」 渾都海怒，詬曰：「我焉得知之，其父今亡命東見皇帝矣！」 希亮曰：「若然，則何謂不知！」 阿藍答兒熟視渾都海曰：「此言深有意焉。」 詰希亮甚急。 希亮曰：「使吾知之，亦從而去，安得獨留！」 阿藍答兒以為實，免其監蒞。 既而阿藍答兒、渾都海為大兵所殺，其殘卒北走，眾推哈剌不花為帥。 希亮潛匿甘州北黑水東沙陀中。 殿兵已過十餘里，有尋馬者適至，老婢漏言，眾奄至，驅至肅州。 哈剌不花與鑄有婚姻之好，又哈剌不花在蜀時，嘗疾病，鑄召醫視之,遺以酒食，因釋希亮縛，謂曰：「我受恩於汝父，此圖報之秋也。」 及抵沙州北川，希亮與兄弟徒步負任，不火食者數日。 是冬，涉雪逾天山，至北庭都護府。 二年，至昌八里城。 夏，逾馬納思河，抵葉密里城，乃定宗潛邸湯沐之邑也。 時六皇后之妹主後位，與宗王火忽皆欲東覲。 希亮母密知其事，攜希亮入見，已而事不果。 冬，至於火孛之地。 三年，定宗幼子大名王閔其不能歸，遺以幣帛鞍馬，乃從大名王至忽只兒之地。 會宗王阿魯忽至，誅阿里不哥所用鎮守之人唆羅海，欲附世祖。 復從大名王及阿魯忽二王還至葉密里城。 王遺以耳環，其二珠大如榛，實價直千金，欲穿其耳使帶之。 希亮辭曰：「不敢因是以傷父母之遺體也。 且無功受賞，於禮尤不可。」 王又解金束帶遺之，且曰：「系此，於遺體宜無傷。」 五月，又為阿里不哥兵所驅，西行千五百里，至孛劣撒里之地。 六月，又西至換扎孫之地。 又從至不剌城。 又西行六百里，至徹徹里澤剌之山，后妃輜重皆留於此，希亮母及兄弟亦在焉。 希亮單騎從行二百餘里，至出布兒城。 又百里，至也裡虔城，而哈剌不花之兵奄至，希亮又從二王興師，還至不剌城，與哈剌不花戰，敗之，盡殲其眾。 二王乃函其頭，遣使報捷。 十月，至於亦思寬之地。 四年，至可失哈里城。 四月，阿里不哥兵復至，希亮又從征，至渾八升城。 時希亮母從後避暑於阿體八升山。 先是，鑄嘗言於世祖：「臣之妻子皆在北邊。」 至是，世祖遣不華出至二王所，因以璽書召希亮，馳驛赴闕。 六月，由苦先城至哈剌火州，出伊州，涉大漠以還。 八月，入覲世祖於上都之大安閣，備陳邊事，及羈旅困苦之狀。 世祖憐之，賜鈔千錠、金帶一、幣帛三十，命為速古兒赤、必阇赤。 至元八年，授奉訓大夫、符寶郎。
Another year passed—the first year of the Zhongtong reign. Kublai ascended the throne, Ariq Böke rose in revolt, and dispatched envoys to summon the commander Hunduhai. Zhu urged Hunduhai and his officers to present themselves at court, but they refused. He then left his wife and children behind and came alone to Kublai's side. When Hunduhai learned of Zhu's defection, he flew into a rage and sent a hundred horsemen in pursuit, but they failed to catch him. He then placed a hundred men to guard Xiliang and his mother, forcing them to march with the army from Lingwu through Yingjili to Ganzhou in the Hexi corridor. Ariq Böke sent his general Arighai from Karakorum with an army to Yanzhi Mountain, where Xiliang was brought before him. Arighai asked, "Where is your father?" Xiliang replied, "I do not know. Those who served with my father should know." Hunduhai flew into a rage and shouted, "How should I know? His father has already fled east to pay court to the emperor!" Xiliang said, "If that is so, what do you mean by saying you do not know!" Arighai fixed a long look on Hunduhai and said, "Those words carry a pointed meaning." He pressed Xiliang hard for an answer. Xiliang said, "If I had known, I would have gone with him. How could I have been left behind alone!" Arighai accepted this as the truth and lifted the close guard over him. Before long Arighai and Hunduhai were killed by Kublai's main forces. The survivors fled north and chose Hala Buqa as their leader. Xiliang went into hiding in the Shatuo country east of the Black River, north of Ganzhou. The rearguard had already marched more than ten li on when men sent to find horses arrived. An old servant woman let the secret slip, the pursuers fell upon them at once, and they were driven to Suzhou. Hala Buqa was related to Zhu by marriage, and when Hala Buqa had fallen ill in Shu, Zhu had sent a physician and provisions. He now released Xiliang from his bonds and said, "Your father once showed me kindness. This is my chance to repay it." When they reached the northern reaches of Shazhou, Xiliang and his brothers went on foot carrying their loads and went several days without a cooked meal. That winter they crossed the snow-covered Tianshan and reached Beiting. In the second year they came to Changbali. In summer they crossed the Manasi River and reached Yemili, the appanage town assigned to Ögedei when he was still heir apparent. The Sixth Empress Dowager's younger sister then held the empress's position, and she and Prince Huohu both wished to travel east to pay homage at court. Xiliang's mother learned of the plan in secret and brought Xiliang to an audience, but in the end nothing came of it. In winter they reached the Huobie region. In the third year Prince Daming, Ögedei's youngest son, took pity on his inability to return home and gave him silks, saddles, and horses. Xiliang then followed the prince to Huzhier. Prince Arighai then arrived, executed Suoluohai, Ariq Böke's garrison commander, and declared his intent to join Kublai. He again followed Princes Daming and Arighai back to Yemili. The prince gave him earrings set with pearls as large as hazelnuts, worth a thousand in gold, and wanted to pierce his ears so he could wear them. Xiliang declined, saying, "I dare not mutilate the body my parents gave me for the sake of such a gift. Besides, to accept reward without having earned it is utterly contrary to propriety." The prince then took off a gold belt and gave it to him, saying, "Wear this—it should not harm the body your parents gave you." In the fifth month Ariq Böke's troops drove them west again for fifteen hundred li to Beliesali. In the sixth month they pressed on west to Huanzhasun. They continued on to Bula. They marched another six hundred li west to Checheli Zelazhi Mountain, where the empresses' baggage was left behind, along with Xiliang's mother and brothers. Xiliang rode on alone for more than two hundred li to Chubuer. Another hundred li brought them to Yeliqian, where Hala Buqa's army fell upon them. Xiliang again followed the two princes as they raised troops, marched back to Bula, routed Hala Buqa, and destroyed his force to the last man. The two princes sent his head in a box to court with a dispatch announcing their victory. In the tenth month they reached Yisikuan. In the fourth year they came to Keshihali. In the fourth month Ariq Böke's army returned, and Xiliang again joined the campaign as far as Hunbasheng. Meanwhile his mother followed in the rear to spend the summer at Atibasheng Mountain. Earlier Zhu had told Kublai, "My wife and children are all still in the north." At this point Kublai sent Buhua to the two princes with an imperial summons for Xiliang, who raced by relay post to court. In the sixth month he went from Kuxian to Karahuozhou, passed through Yizhou, and crossed the great desert on his way home. In the eighth month he had audience with Kublai in the Da'an Pavilion at Shangdu, where he gave a full account of frontier affairs and the hardships of his years in exile. Kublai took pity on him, gave him a thousand ingots of paper money, a gold belt, and thirty lengths of silk, and appointed him suguerchi and bichechi. In the eighth year of the Zhiyuan reign he was made Fengxun dafu and keeper of the imperial seals.
4
十二年，既平宋，世祖命希亮問諸降將，日本可伐否。 夏貴、呂文煥、範文虎、陳奕等皆云可伐。 希亮奏曰：「宋與遼、金攻戰且三百年，干戈甫定，人得息肩，俟數年，興師未晚。」 世祖然之。 十三年，太府監令史盧贄言於監官：「各路所貢布長三丈，唯平陽加一丈，諸怯薛歹以故爭取平陽布。 苟截其長者，與他郡等，則無所爭，而以其所截者為髹漆宮殿器皿之用，甚便。」 監官從之。 適左右以其事聞，帝以詰監官，監官倉皇莫知所以對，歸罪於贄，帝命斬之。 希亮遇諸途，贄以冤告。 希亮命少緩，具以實入奏。 有旨令董文用讞之。 竟釋贄，而召御史大夫塔察兒等讓之曰：「此事言官當言而不言，向微禿忽思，不誤誅此人耶！」 十四年，轉嘉議大夫、禮部尚書，尋遷吏部尚書。 帝駐蹕察納兒台之地，希亮至，奏對畢，董文用問大都近事。 希亮曰：「囹圄多囚耳。」 世祖方欹枕而臥，忽寤，問其故。 希亮奏曰：「近奉旨：漢人盜鈔六文者殺。 以是囚多。」 帝驚問：「孰傳此語？」 省臣曰：「此旨實脫兒察所傳。」 脫兒察曰：「陛下在南坡，以語蒙古兒童。」 帝曰：「前言戲耳，曷嘗著為令式？」 乃罪脫兒察。 希亮因奏曰：「令既出矣，必明其錯誤，以安民心。」 帝善其言，即命希亮至大都，諭旨中書。
In the twelfth year, after the conquest of the Song, Kublai had Xiliang poll the surrendered generals on whether Japan could be invaded. Xia Gui, Lü Wenhuan, Fan Wenhu, Chen Yi, and the others all said it could be done. Xiliang submitted, "The Song had been at war with Liao and Jin for nearly three hundred years. Arms have only just been stilled and the people have barely caught their breath. Wait a few years before launching another campaign—it will not be too late." The emperor agreed. In the thirteenth year the Taifu Directorate clerk Lu Zan told his supervisor, "Each circuit's tribute cloth is three zhang long, but Pingyang's is one zhang longer, so the imperial guards all scramble for Pingyang cloth. If we trim the extra length to match the other prefectures, there will be no dispute, and the trimmed pieces can be used for lacquered palace furnishings—a very practical arrangement." The supervisor agreed. Attendants soon reported the matter to the emperor, who questioned the supervisor. Flustered and unable to answer, the supervisor blamed Zan, and the emperor ordered Zan executed. Xiliang met him on the road, and Zan pleaded that he had been wronged. Xiliang asked that execution be delayed and submitted a full report of what had actually happened. The emperor ordered Dong Wenyong to review the case. Zan was released in the end, and the censor-in-chief Tachar and others were summoned and rebuked: "The remonstrating officials should have spoken up on this. Had it not been for Tuhusi, would we not have executed an innocent man!" In the fourteenth year he was promoted to Jiayi dafu and Minister of Rites, and soon afterward became Minister of Personnel. While the emperor was encamped at Chanaiertai, Xiliang had audience and afterward Dong Wenyong asked him about recent affairs in the capital. Xiliang said, "The prisons are simply overcrowded." Kublai had been dozing on his pillow; he started awake and asked why. Xiliang said, "A recent order decreed that any Han person who steals six cash in paper money is to be executed. That is why the prisons are so full." The emperor asked in alarm, "Who spread such an order?" The Secretariat officials said, "It was Toercha who transmitted it." Toercha said, "Your Majesty said this in jest to some Mongol boys at Nanpo." The emperor said, "That was only a joke. When did I ever turn it into law?" He then punished Toercha. Xiliang then said, "Since the order has already gone out, its error must be publicly acknowledged to set the people's minds at ease." The emperor approved and immediately sent Xiliang to Dadu to announce the correction to the Central Secretariat.
5
十七年，希亮以跋涉西土，足病痿攣，謝事而去，退居惣陽者二十餘年。 至大二年，武宗訪求先朝舊臣，特除翰林學士承旨、資善大夫，尋改授翰林學士承旨、知制誥兼修國史。 希亮以職在史官，乃類次世祖嘉言善行以進，英宗取其書，置禁中。 久之，閒居京師，四方之士多從之遊。 泰定四年卒，年八十一。
In the seventeenth year, worn out by his years in the western regions, Xiliang developed crippling paralysis in his legs. He resigned and lived in retirement at Zongyang for more than twenty years. In the second year of the Zhida reign, Emperor Wuzong sought out veterans of the previous reign and specially appointed him Hanlin expositor-in-chief and Zishan dafu; he was soon given the additional posts of drafter of edicts and compiler of the national history. In his capacity as historiographer, Xiliang compiled Kublai's memorable sayings and worthy deeds and presented them to the throne. Emperor Yingzong took the work into the inner palace. After a time he lived quietly in the capital, and scholars from all directions came to study with him. He died in the fourth year of the Taiding reign, at the age of eighty-one.
6
希亮性至孝，困厄遐方，家貲散亡已盡，僅藏祖考畫像，四時就穹廬陳列致奠，盡誠盡敬。 朔漠之人，咸相聚來觀，歎曰：「此中土之禮也。」 雖疾病，不廢書史，或中夜起坐，取燭以書。 所著詩文及從軍紀行錄三十卷，目之曰《愫軒集》。 贈推忠輔義守正功臣、資善大夫、集賢學士、上護軍，追封漆水郡公，諡忠嘉。
Xiliang was profoundly filial. During his hardships in distant lands the family fortune was lost entirely; he kept only portraits of his ancestors and, at each season, set them out in his yurt to offer sacrifice with complete devotion. People of the northern steppe gathered to watch and marveled, "This is the ritual of China proper." Even when ill he never set aside his books; sometimes he would rise in the middle of the night, light a candle, and write. His collected poems, essays, and military campaign diary in thirty juan he entitled the "Suoxuan Collection." He was posthumously honored as Meritorious Minister Who Promotes Loyalty and Upholds Righteousness, Zishan dafu, Academician of the Hall of Gathered Worthies, and Superior Guardian of the Army; enfeoffed as Duke of Qishui with the posthumous name Zhongjia.
7
趙世延
Zhao Shiyan
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趙世延，字子敬，其先雍古族人，居雲中北邊。 曾祖公，為金群牧使，太祖得其所牧馬，公死之。 祖按竺邇，幼孤，鞠於外大父術要甲，訛為趙家，因氏為趙； 驍勇善騎射，從太祖征伐，有功，為蒙古漢軍徵行大元帥，鎮蜀，因家成都。 父黑梓，以門功襲父元帥職，兼文州吐蕃萬戶府達魯花赤。
Zhao Shiyan, whose style name was Zijing, was descended from the Yonggu people and came from the northern frontier of Yunzhong. His great-grandfather Gong had been the Jin director of imperial herds. When Genghis Khan seized the horses under his charge, Gong died resisting. His grandfather Anzhuer was orphaned young and raised by his maternal grandfather Shuyao Jia; the name was corrupted to Zhao, and he adopted Zhao as his surname. Brave and skilled in horsemanship and archery, he followed Genghis Khan on campaign, won distinction, became grand marshal on campaign of the Mongol Han army, guarded Shu, and settled his family in Chengdu. His father Heizi inherited the marshal's post through hereditary service and also held the post of darughachi of the Wenzou Tubo Ten-thousand Households Office.
9
世延天資秀發，喜讀書，究心儒者體用之學。 弱冠，世祖召見，俾入樞密院御史臺肄習官政。 至元二十一年，授承事郎、雲南諸路提刑按察司判官，時年二十有四。 烏蒙蠻酋叛，世延會省臣以軍討之，蠻兵大潰，即請降。 二十六年，擢監察御史，與同列五人劾丞相桑哥不法。 中丞趙國輔，桑哥黨也，抑不以聞，更以告桑哥。 於是五人者悉為其所擠，而世延獨倖免。 奉旨按平陽郡監也先忽都贓巨萬，鞫左司郎中董仲威殺人獄，皆明允。 二十九年，轉奉議大夫，出僉江南湖北道肅政廉訪司事。 敦儒學，立義倉，撤淫祠，修澧陽縣壞堤，嚴常、澧掠賣良民之禁，部內晏然。 元貞元年，除江南行御史臺都事，丁內艱，不赴。 大德元年，复除前官。 三年，移中臺都事，俄改中書左司都事。 臺臣奏，仍為都事中臺。 六年，由山東肅政廉訪副使改江南行臺治書侍御史。 十年，除安西路總管。 安西，故京兆省臺所治，號稱會府，前政壅滯者三千牘。 世延既至，不三月，剖決殆盡。 陝民飢，省臺議請於朝賑之，世延曰：「救荒如救火，願先發廩以賑，朝廷設不允，世延當傾家財若身以償。」 省臺從之，所活者眾。
Shiyan was gifted by nature, loved books, and devoted himself to the Confucian study of principle and practical application. At his coming of age, Kublai received him in audience and had him train in government at the Bureau of Military Affairs and the Censorate. In the twenty-first year of the Zhiyuan reign he was made Chengshi lang and judge of the Yunnan Circuit Surveillance Commission, at the age of twenty-four. When the Wumeng chieftain rebelled, Shiyan joined the provincial officials in a punitive campaign, routed the tribesmen, and accepted their immediate surrender. In the twenty-sixth year he was promoted to investigating censor and, together with five colleagues, impeached Chancellor Sangge for misconduct. Vice censor-in-chief Zhao Guofu, a partisan of Sangge, suppressed the memorial and reported it to Sangge instead. All five of his colleagues were driven from office, but Shiyan alone escaped retribution. By imperial order he investigated the Pingyang supervisor Yexian Hudu for embezzling a fortune and tried Left Department Director Dong Zhongwei for murder; in both cases his judgments were fair and clear. In the twenty-ninth year he was made Fengyi dafu and dispatched as administrator of the Jiangnan Huguang Circuit Surveillance Commission. He encouraged Confucian learning, founded charity granaries, abolished illicit shrines, repaired the broken dike at Liyang, and strictly forbade the kidnapping and sale of commoners in Chang and Li; his jurisdiction became notably peaceful. In the first year of the Yuanzhen reign he was appointed secretary of the Jiangnan Branch Censorate but declined the post to observe mourning for his mother. In the first year of the Dade reign he was reappointed to the same office. In the third year he became secretary of the Central Branch Censorate and soon afterward secretary of the Left Department of the Central Secretariat. The censors memorialized, and he was returned to his post as secretary of the Central Branch Censorate. In the sixth year he was transferred from vice commissioner of the Shandong Surveillance Commission to supervising secretary of the Jiangnan Branch Censorate. In the tenth year he was appointed prefect of Anxi Circuit. Anxi had formerly been administered by the Jingzhao provincial government and censorate and was known as a metropolitan prefecture; three thousand cases had piled up under the previous administration. Within three months of Shiyan's arrival he had disposed of nearly all of them. When famine struck Shaan, the provincial authorities debated asking the court for relief. Shiyan said, "Famine relief is like fighting a fire. Let me open the granaries at once; if the court refuses, I will repay the cost from my own estate and person." The provincial authorities agreed, and a great many lives were saved.
10
至大元年，除紹興路總管，改四川肅政廉訪使。 蒙古軍士，科差繁重，而軍士就戍往來者多害人，且軍官或抑良為奴，世延皆除其弊而正其罪。 又修都江堰，民尤便之。 四年，升中奉大夫、陝西行臺侍御史。 先是，八百媳婦為邊患，右丞劉深往討之，兵敗而還，坐罪棄市。 及是，右丞阿忽台當繼行，世延言：「蠻夷事在羈縻，而重煩天討，致軍旅亡失，誅戮省臣，藉使盡得其地，何補於國？ 今窮兵黷武，實傷聖治。 朝廷第當選重臣知治體者，付以邊寄，兵宜止勿用。」 事聞，樞密院臣以為用兵國家大事，不宜以一人之言為興輟。 世延聞之，章再上，事卒罷。
In the first year of the Zhida reign he was made prefect of Shaoxing and then commissioner of the Sichuan Surveillance Commission. Mongol soldiers bore crushing tax levies, and troops traveling to and from garrison duty often preyed on civilians; some officers even forced commoners into slavery. Shiyan eliminated these abuses and punished the offenders. He also repaired the Dujiangyan irrigation works, to the people's great benefit. In the fourth year he was promoted to Zhongfeng dafu and attendant censor of the Shaanxi Branch Censorate. Earlier the Babai Xifu had troubled the frontier; Right Chancellor Liu Shen led a campaign against them, was defeated, returned, and was executed for his failure. When Right Chancellor Ahu Tai was to take over the campaign, Shiyan said, "Barbarian affairs call for loose reins, not repeated imperial expeditions that cost armies and officials' lives. Even if we took all their land, what would the state gain? This endless warfare truly harms the emperor's wise rule. The court should appoint seasoned ministers who understand governance to manage the frontier and halt the use of troops." When the memorial reached court, the Bureau of Military Affairs argued that war is a matter of state and should not be decided by one man's opinion. Shiyan heard of this and memorialized again; in the end the campaign was called off.
11
皇慶二年，拜江浙行省參知政事，尋召還，拜侍御史。 延祐元年，省臣奏：「比奉詔漢人參政用儒者，趙世延其人也。」 帝曰：「世延誠可用，然雍古氏非漢人，其署宜居右。」 遂拜中書參知政事。 居中書二十月，遷御史中丞。 有旨省臣自平章以下，率送之官。 其禮前所無有，由是為權臣所忌，乃用皇太后旨，出世延為雲南行省右丞。 陛辭，帝特命仍還御史臺為中丞。 三年，世延劾奏權臣太師、右丞相帖木迭兒罪惡十有三，詔奪其官職。 尋升翰林學士承旨，兼御史中丞，世延固辭，乃解中丞。 五年，進光祿大夫、昭文館學士，守大都留守，乞補外，拜四川行省平章政事。 世延議即重慶路立屯田，物色江津、巴縣閒田七百八十三頃，摘軍千二百人墾之，歲得粟萬一千七百石。
In the second year of the Huangqing reign he was made vice administrator of the Jiangzhe Branch Secretariat, soon recalled, and appointed attendant censor. In the first year of the Yanyou reign the provincial officials memorialized, "By the recent edict that Han vice administrators should be Confucians, Zhao Shiyan is the man." The emperor said, "Shiyan is indeed fit for office, but the Yonggu are not Han Chinese; his appointment should be listed on the right." He was then appointed vice administrator of the Central Secretariat. After twenty months in the Secretariat he was made censor-in-chief. An edict required that all Secretariat officials from the pingzhang down escort him to his new post. No such ceremony had existed before. Powerful ministers resented him for it and used an empress dowager's order to send him out as right chancellor of the Yunnan Branch Secretariat. At his farewell audience the emperor specially ordered that he remain censor-in-chief at the Censorate. In the third year Shiyan impeached the powerful minister Temuder, Grand Preceptor and Right Chancellor, on thirteen counts; an edict stripped him of office. He was soon promoted to Hanlin expositor-in-chief while retaining the censorate, but Shiyan firmly declined the latter and was relieved of it. In the fifth year he was made Guanglu dafu and Academician of the Zhaowen Hall, guardian of Dadu, requested an appointment outside the capital, and was made pingzhang of the Sichuan Branch Secretariat. Shiyan proposed establishing military colonies in Chongqing, identified 783 qing of land between Jiangjin and Baxian, assigned 1,200 soldiers to farm it, and harvested 11,700 shi of grain a year.
12
明年，仁宗崩，帖木迭兒复居相位，銳意報復，屬其黨何志道，誘世延從弟胥益兒哈呼誣告世延罪，逮世延置對，至夔路，遇赦。 世延以疾抵荊門，留就醫。 帖木迭兒遣使督追至京師，俾其黨煅煉使成獄。 會有旨，事經赦原，勿復問。 帖木迭兒更以它事白帝，系之刑曹，逼令自裁，世延不為動，居囚再歲。 胥益兒哈呼自以所訴涉誣欺，亡去。 中書左丞相拜住屢言世延亡辜，得旨出獄，就舍以養疾。 先是，帝獵北涼亭，顧謂侍臣曰：「趙世延先帝所尊禮，而帖木迭兒妄入其罪，數請誅之，此殆報私怨耳，朕豈能從之。」 侍臣皆叩頭稱萬歲。 帖木迭兒在上京，聞世延出獄，索省牘視之，怒曰：「此左丞相罔上所為也。」 事聞，帝語之曰：「此朕意耳。」 未幾，帖木迭兒死，事乃釋。 世延出居於金陵。 泰定元年，召還朝，除集賢大學士。 明年，出為江南行臺御史中丞。 四年，入朝，復為御史中丞，又遷中書右丞。 明年，有旨：趙世延頃為權奸所誣，中書宜遍移天下，昭雪其非辜，仍加翰林學士承旨、光祿大夫。 經筵開，兼知經筵事，選揀勸講者，皆一時名流。 又加同知樞密院事。
The following year Emperor Renzong died. Temuder returned to power bent on revenge and had his partisan He Zhidao induce Shiyan's cousin Xu Yierhahu to accuse him falsely. Shiyan was arrested and interrogated, reached Kuizhou, and was freed by amnesty. Ill, Shiyan reached Jingmen and remained there for treatment. Temuder sent agents to hurry him to the capital and had his faction forge evidence to secure a conviction. An edict then arrived that matters covered by amnesty were not to be pursued further. Temuder reported other charges, had him imprisoned, and pressed him to kill himself. Shiyan did not waver and spent two years in prison. Xu Yierhahu, realizing his accusation was false, fled. Left Chancellor Bayiju repeatedly declared Shiyan innocent; an order released him from prison to recover at home. Earlier, while hunting at Beiliang Pavilion, the emperor told his attendants, "Zhao Shiyan was honored by my predecessor, yet Temuder falsely accused him and repeatedly sought his execution. That was private revenge, and I would not consent." The attendants all kowtowed and shouted long life to the emperor. Temuder was at Shangdu. Learning that Shiyan had been released, he demanded the Secretariat records and said angrily, "The left chancellor deceived the sovereign in this." When this was reported, the emperor told him, "It was my decision." Before long Temuder died and the matter was closed. Shiyan retired to Jinling. In the first year of the Taiding reign he was recalled and made Grand Academician of the Hall of Gathered Worthies. The following year he was sent out as censor-in-chief of the Jiangnan Branch Censorate. In the fourth year he came to court, was again made censor-in-chief, and was promoted to right chancellor of the Secretariat. The next year an edict declared that Zhao Shiyan had been slandered by powerful traitors; the Central Secretariat was to notify the empire to clear his name, and he was further made Hanlin expositor-in-chief and Guanglu dafu. When the Classics Colloquium was established, he was placed in charge of it and chose lecturers from the foremost scholars of the day. He was also made vice director of the Bureau of Military Affairs.
13
泰定帝崩，燕鐵木兒與宗王大臣議：武宗二子周王、懷王，於法當立； 周王遠在朔漠，而懷王久居民間，備嘗艱險，民必歸之，天位不可久虛，不如先迎懷王，以從民望。 八月，即定策，迎之於江陵，懷王即位，是為文宗。 當是時，世延贊畫之功為多。 文宗即位，世延仍以御史中丞兼翰林學士承旨，以疾乞歸田里，詔不允。 天曆二年正月，复除江南行臺御史中丞； 行次濟州，三月，改集賢大學士； 六月，又加奎章閣大學士； 八月，拜中書平章政事。 冬，世延至京，固辭不允，詔以世延年高多疾，許乘小車入內。 至順元年，詔世延與虞集等纂修《皇朝經世大典》，世延屢奏：「臣衰老，乞解中書政務，專意纂修。」 帝曰：「老臣如卿者無幾，求退之言，後勿復陳。」 四月，仍加翰林學士承旨，封魯國公。 秋，以疾，移文中書致其事，明日即行，養疾於金陵之茅山。 詔徵還朝，不能行，二年，改封涼國公。 元統二年，詔賜世延錢凡四萬緡。 至元改元，仍除奎章閣大學士、翰林學士承旨、中書平章政事、魯國公。 明年五月，至成都，十一月卒，享年七十有七。 至正二年，贈世忠執法佐運翊亮功臣、太保、金紫光祿大夫、上柱國，追封魯國公，諡文忠。
When Emperor Taiding died, El Temür and the princes and ministers deliberated: of Emperor Wuzong's two sons, the Zhou King and the Huai King were the lawful heirs; but the Zhou King was far away in the northern steppe while the Huai King had long lived among the people and borne every hardship. The people would surely rally to him, and the throne could not remain empty; they should welcome the Huai King first to satisfy public expectation. In the eighth month they settled the plan, welcomed him at Jiangling, and the Huai King ascended the throne as Emperor Wenzong. At that time Shiyan's contribution to the planning was the greatest. When Wenzong took the throne, Shiyan remained censor-in-chief and Hanlin expositor-in-chief. He pleaded illness and asked to retire, but the emperor refused. In the first month of the second Tianli year he was again appointed censor-in-chief of the Jiangnan Branch Censorate; stopping at Jizhou on the way; in the third month he was made Grand Academician of the Hall of Gathered Worthies; in the sixth month he was further made Grand Academician of the Kuizhang Pavilion; and in the eighth month he was appointed pingzhang of the Secretariat. In winter he reached the capital, declined firmly but was overruled, and was permitted to enter the palace in a small carriage because of his age and illness. In the first Zhishun year he was ordered, with Yu Ji and others, to compile the "Imperial Institutions for Governing the Age." Shiyan repeatedly asked to be relieved of Secretariat duties to devote himself to the work alone. The emperor said, "Old ministers like you are few; do not speak of retiring again." In the fourth month he was again made Hanlin expositor-in-chief and enfeoffed as Duke of Lu. That autumn, ill, he sent his resignation to the Secretariat, left the next day, and recuperated at Maoshan in Jinling. He was summoned back but could not travel; in the second year his title was changed to Duke of Liang. In the second year of the Yuantong reign the court bestowed forty thousand strings of cash on him. When the Zhiyuan reign began he was again made Grand Academician of the Kuizhang Pavilion, Hanlin expositor-in-chief, pingzhang of the Secretariat, and Duke of Lu. The following fifth month he reached Chengdu; in the eleventh month he died, aged seventy-seven. In the second Zhizheng year he was posthumously honored as Meritorious Minister of Loyal Service to the Age, Grand Preceptor, Jinzi Guanglu dafu, and Superior Pillar of the State, enfeoffed as Duke of Lu with the posthumous name Wenzhong.
14
世延歷事凡九朝，揚歷省臺五十餘年，負經濟之資，而將之以忠義，守之以清介，飾之以文學，凡軍國利病，生民休戚，知無不言，而於儒者名教尤拳拳焉。 為文章波瀾浩瀚，一根於理。 嘗較定律令，匯次《風憲宏綱》，行於世。
Shiyan served nine reigns and spent more than fifty years in provincial administration and the censorate. He had talent for statecraft, disciplined it with loyalty and righteousness, guarded it with integrity, and adorned it with learning. On every matter affecting the state or the people he spoke without reserve, and he was especially devoted to Confucian moral teaching. His writings were sweeping in scope and grounded throughout in principle. He collated statutes and compiled the "Great Compendium of Censorial Regulations," which circulated widely.
15
五子，達者三人：野峻台，黃州路總管。 次月魯，江浙行省理問官。 伯忽，夔州路總管，天曆初，囊加台據蜀叛，死於難，特贈推忠秉義效節功臣、資善大夫、中書右丞、上護軍，追封蜀郡公，諡忠愍。
He had five sons; three distinguished themselves: Yejuntai, prefect of Huangzhou. The second, Yuelu, was investigating officer of the Jiangzhe Branch Secretariat. Bohu, prefect of Kuizhou—in the early Tianli reign Nanggal Tai rebelled in Shu and he died in the upheaval. He was posthumously honored as Meritorious Minister Who Died for Loyalty and Righteousness, Zishan dafu, right vice chancellor, and Superior Guardian of the Army, enfeoffed as Duke of Shu with the posthumous name Zhongmin.
16
孔思晦
Kong Sihui
17
孔思晦，字明道，孔子五十四世孫也。 資質端重，而性簡默，童丱時，讀書已識大義。 及長，授業於導江張篆，講求義理，於詞章之習，薄而弗為。 家貧，躬耕以為養，雖劇寒暑，而為學未嘗懈，遠近爭聘為子弟師。 大德中，遊京師，祭酒耶律有尚欲薦之，以母老，辭而歸。 母臥疾，躬進藥餌，衣不解帶。 居喪，勺水不入口者五日。 至大中，舉茂才，為范陽儒學教諭。 延祐初，調寧陽學。 先是，兩縣校官率以廩薄不能守職，而思晦以儉約自將，教養有法，比代去，學者皆不忍舍之。 於是孔氏族人相與議：思晦嫡長且賢，宜襲封爵，奉祠事。 狀上政府，事未決。 仁宗在位，雅崇尚儒道，一日，問：「孔子之裔今幾世，襲爵為誰？」 廷臣具對曰：「未定。」 帝親取孔氏譜牒按之，曰：「以嫡應襲封者，思晦也，复奚疑！」 特授中議大夫，襲封衍聖公，月俸百緡，加至五百緡，賜四品印。 泰定三年，山東廉訪副使王鵬南言：「襲爵上公，而階止四品，於格弗稱，且失尊崇意。」 明年，升嘉議大夫。 至順二年，改賜三品印。 思晦以宗祀責重，恆懼弗勝，每遇祭祀，必敬必慎。 初，廟毀於兵，後雖苟完，而角樓圍牆未備，思晦竭力營度，以復其舊。 金絲堂壞，又一新之，祭器禮服，悉加整飭。 又以尼山乃毓聖之地，故有廟，已毀，民冒耕祭田且百年，思晦復其田，且請置尼山書院，以列於學官，朝廷從之。 三氏學舊有田三千畝，佔於豪民，子思書院舊有營運錢萬緡，貸於民取子錢，以供祭祀，久之，民不輸子錢，並負其本，思晦皆理而復之。 聖父舊封齊國公，思晦言於朝曰：「宣聖封王，而父爵猶公，願加褒崇。」 乃詔加封聖父啟聖王，聖母王夫人。
Kong Sihui, whose style name was Mingdao, was the fifty-fourth-generation descendant of Confucius. He was dignified and reserved by nature; even as a boy reading the classics he already understood their larger meaning. When he came of age he studied under Zhang Zhuan of Daojiang, pursued moral principle, and disdained mere literary ornament. His family was poor and he farmed to support them. Despite bitter heat and cold he never slackened in his studies, and families near and far competed to hire him as a teacher. During the Dade period he went to the capital, where Libationer Yelü Youshang wished to recommend him for office, but he declined and returned because his mother was elderly. When his mother fell ill he personally administered her medicine and did not leave her side day or night. During mourning he took no food or water for five days. In the Dazhong period he was recommended as maocai and appointed instructor at the Fanyang Confucian school. At the beginning of the Yanyou reign he was transferred to the Ningyang school. Previously school officers in both counties had often failed to remain in office because stipends were too small, but Sihui lived frugally, taught effectively, and when he left his post the students were unwilling to see him go. The Kong clansmen then agreed that Sihui, as the eldest legitimate son and a man of worth, should inherit the title and perform the sacrifices. They petitioned the government, but the matter remained undecided. Emperor Renzong greatly honored Confucian teaching. One day he asked, "How many generations removed are Confucius's descendants now, and who holds the inherited title?" The court ministers replied, "That has not yet been determined." The emperor personally examined the Kong genealogical records and said, "The legitimate heir to the title is Sihui—what room for doubt remains!" He was specially appointed Zhongyi dafu and inherited the title Duke of Continuing Sagacity, with a monthly stipend of one hundred strings later raised to five hundred, and was granted a fourth-rank seal. In the third Taiding year Wang Pengnan, vice commissioner of the Shandong Surveillance Commission, said, "He holds a ducal title of the highest honor, yet his rank is only fourth grade—this neither fits the regulations nor shows due respect." The following year he was promoted to Jiayi dafu. In the second Zhishun year he was granted a third-rank seal in place of the former one. Because the duty of ancestral sacrifice weighed heavily on him, Sihui constantly feared he might fail in it; at every rite he was utterly reverent and careful. The temple had been destroyed in war and only roughly repaired afterward; the corner towers and walls were still incomplete. Sihui threw himself into restoring it to its former condition. He rebuilt the ruined Jinsi Hall and put all sacrificial vessels and ritual garments in proper order. Nishan, where the Sage had been nurtured, also had a temple that had been destroyed, and for nearly a century locals had encroached on its sacrificial fields. Sihui recovered the land and petitioned to establish a Nishan Academy among the official schools; the court agreed. The Three-Clan School's three thousand mu of fields had been seized by powerful families, and the Zisi Academy's ten thousand strings of operating funds had been lent at interest for sacrifices until borrowers defaulted on interest and principal alike. Sihui recovered all of it. Confucius's father had been enfeoffed as Duke of Qi. Sihui petitioned the court, "The Exalted Sage was made a king, yet his father's title remains only duke. I ask that greater honor be granted." An edict then enfeoffed the Sage's father as King Qisheng and his mother as Lady Wang.
18
五季時，孔末之後方盛，欲以偽滅真，害宣聖子孫幾盡，至是，其裔复欲冒稱宣聖後。 思晦以為：「不早辨則真偽久益不可明，彼與我不共戴天，乃列於族，與共拜殿庭，可乎？」 遂會族人，稽典故斥之，既又重刻宗譜於石，而孔氏族裔益明矣。 元統元年卒，年六十七。 卒之日，有鶴百餘翔其屋上，又見神光自東南落其舍北。 至正中，朝廷加贈其官，而賜諡曰文肅。
During the Five Dynasties the descendants of Kong Mo had nearly wiped out the true line in an attempt to supplant it; now their descendants again sought falsely to claim descent from Confucius. Sihui said, "If we do not settle this soon, truth and falsehood will become impossible to distinguish. They are our hereditary enemies—how can they be listed in the clan and worship beside us in the temple hall?" He convened the clan, cited precedent to reject them, and had the genealogy recarved on stone so that the true Kong lineage was made unmistakably clear. He died in the first year of the Yuantong reign, aged sixty-seven. On the day he died more than a hundred cranes circled his roof, and a divine light was seen descending from the southeast onto the north side of his house. In the Zhizheng period the court added to his posthumous honors and granted him the posthumous name Wensu.
19
子曰克堅，襲封衍聖公，階嘉議大夫，既而進通奉大夫。 至正十五年，召為同知太常禮儀院事，拜陝西行臺侍御史，遷國子祭酒，擢山東肅政廉訪使，不赴。 孫希學，襲封衍聖公。
His son Kejian inherited the title Duke of Continuing Sagacity as Jiayi dafu and was later promoted to Tongfeng dafu. In the fifteenth Zhizheng year he was summoned as vice director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, made attendant censor of the Shaanxi Branch Censorate, then libationer of the Directorate of Education, and promoted commissioner of the Shandong Surveillance Commission, which he declined. His grandson Xixue inherited the title Duke of Continuing Sagacity.