1
閏月乙亥，詔山東流民新復業者，及突厥侵掠家口破亡不能存濟者，竝給復一年。 立妃楊氏為皇后。 辛巳，以上柱國趙王招為太師，陳王純為太傅，柱國代王達﹑滕王逌、盧國公尉遲運、薛國公長孫覽竝為上柱國。 進封柱國、平陽郡公王誼為揚國公。 是月，幽州人盧昌期據范陽反，詔柱國、東平公宇文神舉帥衆討平之。
Intercalary month, on yihai day, an edict granted one year of tax and corvée exemption to eastern refugees who had newly resumed farming, and likewise to households ruined by Turk raids and unable to support themselves. Consort Yang was installed as empress. On xinsi day Superior Pillar-of-State Yuwen Zhao, Prince of Zhao, was made grand preceptor; Yuwen Chun, Prince of Chen, grand tutor; and Pillar-of-State Yuwen Da, Prince of Dai, Yuwen You, Prince of Teng, Wei Chi Yun, Duke of Lu, and Changsun Lan, Duke of Xue, were all made superior pillars-of-state. Pillar-of-State Wang Yi, Duke of Pingyang Commandery, was promoted to Duke of Yang. That month Lu Changqi of You Province seized Fan Yang and rebelled; an edict ordered Pillar-of-State Yuwen Shenju, Duke of Dongping, to lead troops and put down the revolt.
2
秋七月辛丑，月犯心前星。 乙巳，祠太廟。 丙午，祠圓丘。 戊申，祠方丘。 庚戌，以小宗伯、岐國公斛斯徵為大宗伯。 丙辰，熒惑、太白合於七星。 己未，太白犯軒轅大星。 壬戌，以柱國、南兗州總管、隨公楊堅為上柱國、大司馬。 癸亥，尊所生李氏為帝太后。
Autumn, seventh month, on xinchou day, the moon encroached upon the star before the Heart. On yisi day he sacrificed at the Imperial Ancestors' Temple. On bingwu day he sacrificed at the Round Mound. On wushen day he sacrificed at the Square Mound. On gengxu day Junior Director of Ceremonies Hesi Zheng, Duke of Qi, was made grand director of ceremonies. On bingchen day Mars and Venus conjoined at the Seven Stars. On jiwei day Venus encroached upon the Great Star of Chariot-Pole. On renxu day Pillar-of-State Yang Jian, Duke of Sui and inspector-general of Southern Yan, was made superior pillar-of-state and grand marshal. On guihai day his birth mother Lady Li was honored as empress dowager.
3
八月丙寅，夕月於西郊。 長安、萬年二縣民居在京城者，給復三年。 壬申，行幸同州。 遣大使巡察諸州。 詔制九條，宣下州郡：一曰，決獄科罪，皆准律文； 二曰，母族絕服外者，聽婚； 三曰，以杖決罰，悉令依法； 四曰，郡縣當境賊盜不擒獲者，竝仰錄奏； 五曰，孝子順孫義夫節婦，表其門閭，才堪任用者，卽宜申薦； 六曰，或昔經驅使，名位未達，或沉淪蓬蓽，文武可施，宜並採訪，具以名奏； 七曰，偽齊七品以上，已敕收用，八品以下，爰及流外，若欲入仕，皆聽預選，降二等授官； 八曰，州舉高才博學者為秀才，郡舉經明行修者為孝廉，上州、上郡歲一人，下州、下郡三歲一人； 九曰，年七十以上，依式授官，鰥寡困乏不能自存者，竝加稟恤。 以大司徒、杞國公亮為安州總管，上柱國、薛國公長孫覽為大司徒，柱國、揚國公王誼為大司空。 庚辰，太白入太微。 丙戌，以柱國、永昌公椿為大司寇。
Eighth month, on bingyin day, the evening moon sacrifice was performed at the western suburb. Residents of Chang'an and Wannian counties living within the capital were granted three years of tax and corvée exemption. On renshen day he traveled to Tong Province. Grand envoys were dispatched to inspect the provinces. An edict established nine regulations and sent them down to the provinces and commanderies: First, in deciding cases and imposing penalties, all must follow the statutes. Second, when the maternal line is extinct, marriage is permitted with relatives outside the mourning grades on the mother's side. Third, all beatings as punishment must follow the law. Fourth, if bandits and robbers within a commandery or county's jurisdiction are not captured, all must be recorded and reported upward. Fifth, filial sons, obedient grandsons, righteous husbands, and chaste wives should have their households honored; if their talent fits employment, they should at once be recommended. Sixth, some once served the state but never attained rank, and some sank into poverty though civil and military talent could still be used—all should be sought out and reported by name. Seventh, former Northern Qi officials of seventh rank and above were already ordered to be employed; for eighth rank and below, including those outside the register, if they wish to enter service, all may pre-register and receive appointment two ranks lower. Eighth, provinces should recommend the highly talented and broadly learned as xiucai; commanderies should recommend those versed in the classics and upright in conduct as xiaolian; upper provinces and upper commanderies one per year, lower provinces and lower commanderies one every three years. Ninth, those aged seventy and above receive appointment according to regulation; widowers, widows, and those in hardship who cannot support themselves all receive added grain relief. Grand Minister of the Masses Liang, Duke of Qi, was made inspector-general of An Province; Superior Pillar-of-State Changsun Lan, Duke of Xue, was made grand minister of the masses; and Pillar-of-State Wang Yi, Duke of Yang, was made grand minister of works. On gengchen day Venus entered the Supreme Palace. On bingxu day Pillar-of-State Yuwen Chun, Duke of Yongchang, was made grand minister of justice.
4
九月丁酉，熒惑入太微。 以柱國宇文盛、張掖公王傑、枹罕公辛威、鄖國公韋孝寬竝為上柱國。 庚戌，封皇弟元為荊王。 詔諸應拜者，皆以三拜成禮。 汾州稽胡帥劉受邏千舉兵反，詔上柱國、越王盛為行軍元帥，率衆討平之。 庚申，熒惑犯左執法。
Ninth month, on dingyou day, Mars entered the Supreme Palace. Pillar-of-State Yuwen Sheng, Wang Jie, Duke of Zhangye, Xin Wei, Duke of Baoquan, and Wei Xiaokuan, Duke of Yun, were all made superior pillars-of-state. On gengxu day the emperor's younger brother Yuwen Yuan was enfeoffed as Prince of Jing. An edict ordered that all who should perform obeisance complete the rite with three bows. Liu Shouluoqian, leader of the Ji Hu in Fen Province, raised troops in rebellion; an edict ordered Superior Pillar-of-State Yuwen Sheng, Prince of Yue, as campaign commander to lead troops and put down the revolt. On gengshen day Mars encroached upon the Left Law-Enforcer.
5
冬十月癸酉，至自同州。 以大司空、揚國公王誼為襄州總管。 戊子，百濟遣使獻方物。
Tenth month of winter, on guiyou day, he returned from Tong Province. Grand Minister of Works Wang Yi, Duke of Yang, was made inspector-general of Xiang Province. On wuzi day Baekje sent envoys with tribute.
6
十一月己亥，講武於道會苑，帝親擐甲冑。 是月，突厥寇邊，圍酒泉，殺掠吏民。
Eleventh month, on jihai day, a military review was held at Daohui Park; Emperor Xuan personally donned armor. That month the Turks raided the frontier, besieged Jiuquan, and killed and plundered officials and people.
7
十二月甲子，以柱國、畢王賢為大司空。 癸未，熒惑入氐，仍留經一月。 己丑，以上柱國、河陽總管滕王逌為行軍元帥，率衆伐陳。 免京師見徒，竝令從軍。
Twelfth month, on jiazi day, Pillar-of-State Yuwen Xian, Prince of Bi, was made grand minister of works. On guiwei day Mars entered the Base asterism and remained there for a full month. On jichou day Superior Pillar-of-State Yuwen You, Prince of Teng and inspector-general of Heyang, was made campaign commander to lead troops against Chen. Prisoners held in the capital were pardoned and all ordered to join the army.
8
二月癸亥，詔曰：
Second month, on guihai day, an edict said:
9
河洛之地，世稱朝市。 上則於天，陰陽所會； 下紀於地，職貢路均。 聖人以萬物阜安，乃建王國。 時經五代，世歷千祀，規模弘遠，邑居壯麗。 自魏氏失馭，城闕為墟，君子有戀舊之風，小人深懷土之思。
The lands of the Yellow and Luo rivers are called the court and market of the age. Above they align with Heaven, the meeting place of yin and yang; below they are marked on earth, where tribute routes converge. The sage, that the myriad things be abundant and secure, thereupon established royal states. Through five dynasties and a thousand reigns, its scale was vast and its dwellings majestic. Since the Wei house lost control, walls and gates became ruins; gentlemen longed for the old order, and common folk deeply yearned for their native soil.
10
我太祖受命酆鎬，胥宇崤函，蕩定四方，有懷光宅。 高祖神功聖略，混一區宇，往巡東夏，省方觀俗，布政此宮，遂移氣序。 朕以眇身，祗承寶祚，庶幾聿修之志，敢忘燕翼之心。 一昨駐蹕金墉，備嘗遊覽，百王制度，基趾尚存，今若因修，為功易立。 宜命邦事，修復舊都。 奢儉取文質之間，功役依子來之義。 北瞻河內，咫尺非遙，前詔經營，今宜停罷。
Our Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai received the mandate at Feng and Hao, set his capital at Xiaohan, pacified the four quarters, and cherished the ambition of Glorious Dwelling. The late Emperor Wu Yuwen Yong, with divine achievement and sage strategy, unified the realm; he toured the eastern lands, inspected the regions and observed customs, and issued government from this palace, thereby shifting the seasonal order. I, with my slight person, reverently received the precious succession; I look to continue the work of restoration and dare not forget the duty of nurturing those who come after. Yesterday I halted at the Golden Walled city and toured it in full; the institutions of the hundred kings, foundations and corners still remain—if we now repair upon them, the work will be easy to complete. It is fitting to charge the state with affairs and restore the former capital. Extravagance and frugality should be taken at the mean between ornament and substance; labor and corvée should follow the principle of willing popular service. Looking north to Henei, a short distance and not far; the former edict on construction should now be halted.
11
於是發山東諸州兵，增一月功為四十五日役，起洛陽宮。 常役四萬人，以迄于晏駕。 幷移相州六府於洛陽，稱東京六府。 殺柱國、徐州總管、郯國公王軌。 停南討諸軍。 以趙王招女為千金公主，嫁於突厥。 戊辰，以上柱國、鄖國公韋孝寬為徐州總管。 乙亥，行幸鄴。 丙子，初令授總管刺史及行兵者，加持節，餘悉罷之。 辛巳，詔曰：
Thereupon troops from the eastern provinces were mobilized, one month's corvée was increased to forty-five days of service, and construction of the Luoyang palace was begun. Forty thousand corvée workers were permanently assigned, continuing until the emperor's death. The six offices of Xiang Province were also moved to Luoyang and called the Eastern Capital Six Offices. Pillar-of-State Wang Gui, Duke of Tan and inspector-general of Xu Province, was executed. The southern expedition armies were halted. Yuwen Zhao, Prince of Zhao, had his daughter made Princess Qianjin and married her to the Turks. On wuchen day Superior Pillar-of-State Wei Xiaokuan, Duke of Yun, was made inspector-general of Xu Province. On yihai day he traveled to Ye. On bingzi day it was first ordered that inspector-generals, provincial governors, and those leading troops receive the holding-seal; all others were abolished. On xinsi day an edict said:
12
有聖大寶，實惟重器，玄天表命，人事與能，幽顯同謀，確乎不易。 域中之大，實懸定於杳冥； 天下為公，蓋不避於內舉。 我大周感蒼昊之精，受河洛之錫，武功文德，光格區宇，創業垂統，永光無窮。 朕以寡薄，祗承鴻緒，上賴先朝得一之跡，下藉羣后不貳之心。 職貢與雲雨俱通，憲章共光華竝亙。 圓首方足，咸登仁壽，思隆國本，用弘天曆。
The sage's great treasure is truly the weighty vessel; dark Heaven displays the mandate, human affairs accord with capacity; the hidden and manifest share one plan—firm and unchanging. Greatness within the realm is truly suspended in the obscure; All under Heaven is public—surely one does not avoid promoting from within. Our Great Zhou received the essence of azure Heaven and the gift of the He and Luo; martial achievement and civil virtue shine through the realm, founding the enterprise and bequeathing the lineage, with glory without end. I, being paltry and thin, reverently received the great succession; above I rely on the former court's achievement of unified rule, below I rely on the lords' undivided hearts. Tribute routes open like clouds and rain together; statutes and ordinances share radiance and extension. All who have round heads and square feet ascend to benevolent longevity; thinking to exalt the state's foundation, thereby extending Heaven's calendar.
13
皇太子衍，地居上嗣，正統所歸。 遠憑積德之休，允協無疆之祚。 帝王之量，未肅而成； 天祿之期，不謀已至。 朕今傳位於衍。 乃睠四海，深合謳歌之望； 俾予一人，高蹈風塵之表。 萬方兆庶，知朕意焉。 可大赦天下，改大成元年為大象元年。
Crown Prince Yuwen Yan occupies the position of eldest successor; the legitimate succession returns to him. Far relying on accumulated virtue's blessing, he truly accords with boundless fortune. A ruler's measure, not yet solemnized but already fulfilled; Heaven's stipend's term, without scheming already arrived. I now transmit the throne to Yuwen Yan. Thus cherishing the four seas, deeply fitting the hope of songs of praise; letting me alone walk high above the dust of the world. Let the myriad regions and masses know my intent. A great amnesty is proclaimed for all under Heaven; Dacheng year 1 is changed to Daxiang year 1.
14
帝於是自稱天元皇帝，所居稱天臺，冕有二十四旒， （室） 〔車〕服旗鼓，皆以二十四為節。 內史、御正皆置上大夫。 皇帝衍稱正陽宮，置納言、御正、諸衛等官，皆准天臺。 尊皇太后為天元皇太后。 封內史上大夫鄭譯為沛國公。 癸未，日初出及將入時，其中並有烏色，大如雞卵，經四日滅。 戊子，以上柱國大前疑越王盛為太保，大右弼蜀公尉遲迥為大前疑，代王達為大右弼。 辛卯，詔徙鄴城石經於洛陽。 又詔曰：「洛陽舊都，今旣修復，凡是元遷之戶，並聽還洛州。 此外諸民欲往者，亦任其意。 河陽、幽、相、豫、亳、青、徐七總管，受東京六府處分。」
The emperor thereupon styled himself Tianyuan Emperor; his residence was called Celestial Terrace; his crown had twenty-four tassels, (Chamber) [Carriage] robes, banners and flags—all used twenty-four as the measure. The Inner Scribe and Central Rectifier offices each had a senior grandee appointed. Emperor Yuwen Yan styled his residence Zhengyang Palace; Nayan, Central Rectifier, Guard, and other offices were all modeled on the Celestial Terrace. The empress dowager was honored as Tianyuan Empress Dowager. Zheng Yi, senior grandee and Inner Scribe, was enfeoffed as Duke of Pei. On guiwei day, at the sun's first rising and as it was about to set, both showed dark spots as large as a chicken egg, persisting four days before vanishing. On wuzi day Superior Pillar-of-State Yuwen Sheng, Grand Left Mentor and Prince of Yue, was made grand guardian; Yuchi Jiong, Duke of Shu and grand right assistant, was made grand left mentor; and Yuwen Da, Prince of Dai, was made grand right assistant. On xinmao day an edict ordered the Ye city stone classics moved to Luoyang. Another edict said: "The old capital Luoyang, now that it has been restored, all households originally relocated may return to Luo Province. Other people who wish to go may likewise follow their intent. The seven inspector-generals of Heyang, You, Xiang, Yu, Bo, Qing, and Xu shall take orders from the Eastern Capital Six Offices."
15
三月壬寅，以上柱國、薛國公長孫覽為涇州總管。 庚申，至自東巡，大陳軍伍，帝親擐甲冑，入自青門。 皇帝衍備法駕從入。 百官迎於青門外。 其時驟雨，儀衛失容。 辛酉，封趙王招第二子貫為永康縣王。
Third month, on renyin day, Superior Pillar-of-State Changsun Lan, Duke of Xue, was made inspector-general of Jing Province. On gengshen day he returned from the eastern tour; the armies were arrayed in great formation; Emperor Xuan personally donned armor and entered through the Blue Gate. Emperor Xuan prepared the full imperial procession and entered with it. All officials welcomed him outside the Azure Gate. At that time a sudden downpour fell and the guard of honor lost formation. On xinyou day Prince Zhao Zhao's second son Guan was enfeoffed as Prince of Yongkang county.
16
夏四月壬戌朔，有司奏言日蝕，不視事。 過時不食，乃臨軒。 立妃朱氏為天元帝后。 癸亥，以柱國、畢王賢為上柱國。 己巳，祠太廟。 壬午，大醮於正武殿。 戊子，太白、歲星、辰星合於東井。
Summer, fourth month, on the first day, renxu, the responsible offices reported a solar eclipse and that court business would be suspended. When the eclipse hour had passed without eating, he then held audience at the front hall. Consort Zhu was installed as empress of the Heavenly Primordial Emperor. On guihai day Pillar-of-State Prince Bi Xian was made Grand Pillar-of-State. On jisi day he sacrificed at the Imperial Ancestors' Temple. On renwu day a great rite was held at the Hall of Correct Martialness. On wuzi day Venus, Jupiter, and Mercury conjoined in the Well.
17
五月辛亥，以洺州襄國郡為趙國，以齊州濟南郡為陳國，以豐州武當、安富二郡為越國，以潞州上黨郡為代國，以荊州新野郡為滕國，邑各一萬戶。 令趙王招、陳王純、越王盛、代王達、滕王逌竝之國。 癸丑，有流星大如鬥，出太微，落落如遺火。 是月，遣使簡視京兆及諸州士民之女，充選後宮。 突厥寇幷州。
Fifth month, on xinhai day, Xiangguo commandery of Ming Province was made the Zhao state, Jinan commandery of Qi Province the Chen state, Wudang and Anfu commanderies of Feng Province the Yue state, Shangdang commandery of Lu Province the Dai state, and Xinye commandery of Jing Province the Teng state, each with ten thousand households. Prince Zhao Zhao, Prince Chen Chun, Prince Yue Sheng, Prince Dai Da, and Prince Teng You were all sent to their states. On guichou day a meteor as large as a dipper emerged from Supreme Palace Enclosure and trailed down like scattered embers. That month, envoys were sent to select daughters of gentry and commoners in Jingzhao and the various provinces to fill the inner palace. The Turks raided Bing Province.
18
六月丁卯，有流星大如雞子，出氐，西北流，長一丈，入月中。 己巳，月犯房北頭第二星。 乙酉，有流星大如鬥，出營室，流入東壁。 是月，咸陽有池水變為血。 發山東諸州民，修長城。
Sixth month, on dingmao day, a meteor as large as a chicken egg emerged from the Root, flowed northwest for a length of one zhang, and entered the moon. On jisi day the moon encroached upon the second star at the northern head of the Room. On yiyou day a meteor as large as a dipper emerged from Encampment and flowed into the eastern Wall. That month, pool water at Xianyang turned to blood. The people of the eastern provinces were mobilized to repair the Long Wall.
19
秋七月庚寅，以大司空、畢王賢為雍州牧，大後丞、隨國公楊堅為大前疑，柱國、滎陽公司馬消難為大後丞。 壬辰，熒惑掩房北頭第一星。 丙申，納大後丞司馬消難女為正陽宮皇后。 尊天元帝太后李氏為天皇太后。 壬子，改天元帝后朱氏為天皇後。 立妃元氏為天右皇后，妃陳氏為天左皇后。
Autumn, seventh month, on gengyin day, Grand Minister of Works Prince Bi Xian was made governor of Yong Province, Grand Rear Chancellor Yang Jian, Duke of Sui, was made Grand Front Advisor, and Pillar-of-State Sima Xiaonan, Duke of Xingyang, was made Grand Rear Chancellor. On renchen day Mars masked the first star at the northern head of the Room. On bingshen day the daughter of Grand Rear Chancellor Sima Xiaonan was taken in as empress of the Zhengyang Palace. The Heavenly Primordial Emperor's dowager empress Lady Li was honored as Grand Heavenly Dowager Empress. On renzi day Empress Zhu of the Heavenly Primordial Emperor was retitled Grand Heavenly Empress. Consort Yuan was installed as Heavenly Right Empress and Consort Chen as Heavenly Left Empress.
20
八月庚申，行幸同州。 壬申，還宮。 甲戌，以天左皇后父大將軍陳山提、天右皇后父開府元晟竝為上柱國。 山提封鄅國公，晟封翼國公。 開府楊雄為邗國公，乙弗寔戴國公。 初，高祖作《刑書要制》，用法嚴重。 及帝卽位，以海內初平，恐物情未附，乃除之。 至是大醮於正武殿，告天而行焉。 辛巳，熒惑犯南斗第五星。 壬午，以上柱國、雍州牧、畢王賢為太師，上柱國、郇國公韓建業為大左輔。 是月，所在有蟻羣鬬，各方四五尺，死者什八九。
Eighth month, on gengshen day, he traveled to Tong Province. On renshen day he returned to the palace. On jiaxu day General Chen Shanti, father of the Heavenly Left Empress, and Opening-the-Feudatory Yuan Sheng, father of the Heavenly Right Empress, were both made Grand Pillar-of-State. Shanti was enfeoffed Duke of Yu and Sheng Duke of Yi. Opening-the-Feudatory Yang Xiong was made Duke of Han and Yifu Shi Duke of Dai. At first, High Ancestor had drawn up the Essentials of Punishment Law, applying the law with severity. When Emperor Xuan took the throne, because the realm had only just been pacified and he feared hearts were not yet won, he abolished it. By this time a great rite was held at the Hall of Correct Martialness and proclaimed to Heaven before being put into effect. On xinsi day Mars encroached upon the fifth star of the Southern Dipper. On renwu day Grand Pillar-of-State and Yong Province governor Prince Bi Xian was made Grand Preceptor, and Grand Pillar-of-State Han Jianye, Duke of Xun, was made Grand Left Assistant. That month, in various places ant colonies fought one another in masses four or five chi square; eight or nine tenths of them died.
21
九月己酉，太白入南斗。 乙卯，以酆王貞為大冢宰。 上柱國、鄖國公韋孝寬為行軍元帥，率行軍總管杞國公亮、郕國公梁士彥以伐陳。 遣御正杜杲、禮部薛舒使於陳。
Ninth month, on jiyou day Venus entered the Southern Dipper. On yimao day Prince Feng Zhen was made Grand Steward. Grand Pillar-of-State Wei Xiaokuan, Duke of Yun, was made campaigning marshal and led campaigning commanders-in-chief Yu Liang, Duke of Qi, and Liang Shiyan, Duke of Cheng, against Chen. Director of Correctness Du Guo and the Ministry of Rites' Xue Shu were sent as envoys to Chen.
22
冬十月壬戌，歲星犯軒轅大星。 是日，帝幸道會苑大醮，以高祖武皇帝配。 醮訖，論議於行殿。 是歲，初復佛像及天尊像。 至是，帝與二像俱南面而坐，大陳雜戲，令京城士民縱觀。 乙酉，熒惑、鎮星合於虛。 是月，相州人段德舉謀反，伏誅。
Tenth month of winter, on renxu day Jupiter encroached upon the great star of the Chariot Handle. That day the emperor visited Dao Assembly Park for a great rite, with High Ancestor Emperor Wu as associate spirit. When the rite concluded, deliberations were held in the traveling hall. That year Buddhist images and images of the Heavenly Worthy were first restored. By this time the emperor sat facing south together with both images, displayed a great array of mixed entertainments, and allowed the gentry and people of the capital to watch freely. On yiyou day Mars and Saturn conjoined in Emptiness. That month Duan Deju of Xiang Province plotted rebellion and was executed.
23
十一月乙未，幸溫湯。 戊戌，行幸同州。 壬寅，還宮。 己酉，有星大如斗，出張，東南流，光明燭地。 丁巳，初鑄永通萬國錢，以一當十，與五行大布竝行。 是月，韋孝寬拔壽陽，杞國公亮拔黃城，梁士彥拔廣陵。 陳人退走。 於是江北盡平。 十二月戊午，以災異屢見，帝御路寢，見百官。 詔曰：
Eleventh month, on yiwei day, he visited the hot springs. On wuxu day he traveled to Tong Province. On renyin day he returned to the palace. On jiyou day a star as large as a dipper emerged from the Spread and flowed southeast, its brightness illuminating the ground. On dingsi day the Everlasting Circulation Ten Thousand States coin was first cast, valued at ten, and circulated together with the Five Elements Large Cloth coin. That month Wei Xiaokuan captured Shouyang, Yu Liang, Duke of Qi, captured Huangcheng, and Liang Shiyan captured Guangling. The Chen forces retreated. Thereupon the entire north of the Yangzi was pacified. Twelfth month, on wuwu day, because portents and anomalies had repeatedly appeared, the emperor held audience at the Road Hall and received the hundred officials. An edict declared:
24
穹昊在上，聰明自下，吉凶由人，妖不自作。 朕以寡德，君臨區宇，大道未行，小信非福。 始於秋季，及此玄冬，幽顯殷勤，屢貽深戒。 至有金入南斗，木犯軒轅，熒惑干房，又與土合，流星照夜，東南而下。 然則南斗主於爵祿，軒轅為於後宮，房曰明堂，布政所也，火土則憂孽之兆，流星乃兵凶之驗。 豈其官人失序，女謁尚行，政事乘方，憂患將至？ 何其昭著，若斯之甚。 上瞻俯察，朕實懼焉。 將避正寢，齋居克念，惡衣減膳，去飾撤懸，披不諱之誠，開直言之路。 欲使刑不濫及，賞弗踰等，選舉以才，宮闈修德。 宜宣諸內外，庶盡弼諧，允協民心，用消天譴。
"The vaulted Heaven is above; understanding comes from below. Fortune and calamity depend on men; portents do not arise of themselves. I am of meager virtue yet rule the realm; the Great Way has not been practiced, and petty reliance on omens is not a blessing. From autumn until this deep winter, both seen and unseen have been earnest and have repeatedly sent severe warnings. There were Venus entering the Southern Dipper, Jupiter encroaching on the Chariot Handle, Mars interfering with the Room, then conjoining with Saturn; meteors lit the night flowing southeast. Now the Southern Dipper governs rank and stipend; the Chariot Handle pertains to the inner palace; the Room is called the Bright Hall, the seat of government; fire and earth together are omens of calamity and disorder; meteors are signs of military disaster. Could it be that officials are out of order, women still meddle in affairs, government runs contrary to the norm, and trouble is about to come? How clear and emphatic these signs are! Looking up and looking down, I am truly afraid. I shall leave the principal chamber, dwell in seclusion with disciplined thought, wear coarse clothes and reduce my meals, remove adornments and take down bells and chimes, show unreserved sincerity, and open a path for frank speech. I wish to ensure punishments do not spread indiscriminately, rewards do not exceed merit, selection be by talent, and the inner palace cultivate virtue. This should be proclaimed within and without, so that all may assist in harmony, accord with the people's hearts, and dispel Heaven's reproof.
25
於是舍仗衛，往天興宮。 百官上表勸復寢膳，許之。 甲子，還宮。 御正武殿，集百官及宮人內外命婦，大列妓樂，又縱胡人乞寒，用水澆沃為戲樂。 乙丑，行幸洛陽。 帝親御驛馬，日行三百里。 四皇后及文武侍衛數百人，並乘驛以從。 仍令四後方駕齊驅，或有先後，便加譴責，人馬頓僕相屬。 己卯，還宮。
Thereupon he set aside his guards and went to the Tianxing Palace. The hundred officials submitted memorials urging him to resume normal residence and meals, and he assented. On jiazi day he returned to the palace. He sat at the Hall of Correct Martialness, gathered the hundred officials, inner-palace women, and wives of officials inside and out, arrayed a great display of singing girls and musicians, and also allowed foreigners to perform the begging-for-cold rite, splashing one another with water for amusement. On yichou day he traveled to Luoyang. The emperor himself rode relay horses, traveling three hundred li a day. The four empresses and several hundred civil and military attendants all rode relays to follow. He ordered the four empresses' chariots to drive abreast; if any fell ahead or behind he at once reprimanded them, and men and horses collapsed one after another in exhaustion. On jimao day he returned to the palace.
26
二年春正月丁亥，帝受朝于道會苑。 癸巳，祀太廟，乙巳，造二扆，畫日月之象，以置左右。 戊申，雨雪。 雪止，又雨細黃土，移時乃息。 乙卯，詔江左諸州新附民，給復二十年，初稅入市者，人一錢。
Second year, first month of spring, on dinghai day the emperor received court at Dao Assembly Park. On guisi day he sacrificed at the Imperial Ancestors' Temple; on yisi day two screens were made, painted with images of the sun and moon, and placed to left and right. On wushen day there was snow and rain. When the snow stopped, fine yellow dust rained down and continued for some time before ceasing. On yimao day an edict granted newly submitted people of the Jiangzuo provinces twenty years' relief from levies and for the first time taxed market entrants one coin per person.
27
二月丁巳，帝幸露門學，行釋奠之禮。 戊午，突厥遣使獻方物，且逆千金公主。 乙丑，改制詔為天制詔，敕為天敕。 壬午，尊天元皇太后為天元上皇太后，天皇太后李氏曰天元聖皇太后。 癸未，立天元皇后楊氏為天元大皇后，天皇後朱氏為天大皇后，天右皇后元氏為天右大皇后，天左皇后陳氏為天左大皇后。 正陽宮皇后直稱皇后。 是日，洛陽有禿鶖鳥集於新營太極殿前。 滎州有黑龍見，與赤龍鬬於汴水之側，黑龍死。
Second month, on dingsi day, the emperor visited Lumen Academy and performed the libation sacrifice to Confucius. On wuwu day the Turks sent envoys presenting local products and also escorting the Thousand Gold Princess. On yichou day imperial edicts were renamed Heavenly Decrees and orders were renamed Heavenly Commands. On renwu day the Heavenly Primordial Dowager Empress was honored as Supreme Heavenly Primordial Dowager Empress, and Grand Heavenly Dowager Empress Lady Li was styled Sacred Heavenly Primordial Dowager Empress. On guiwei day Heavenly Primordial Empress Lady Yang was installed as Grand Heavenly Primordial Empress, Grand Heavenly Empress Zhu as Grand Heavenly Empress, Heavenly Right Empress Yuan as Grand Heavenly Right Empress, and Heavenly Left Empress Chen as Grand Heavenly Left Empress. The empress of the Zhengyang Palace was simply styled Empress. That day at Luoyang bald ibises gathered before the newly built Hall of Supreme Polarity. At Ying Province a black dragon appeared and fought a red dragon beside the Bian River; the black dragon died.
28
三月丁亥，賜百官及民大酺。 詔曰：「盛德之後，是稱不絕，功施於民，義昭祀典。 孔子德惟藏往，道實生知，以大聖之才，屬千古之運，載弘儒業，式敘彝倫。 至如幽贊天人之理，裁成禮樂之務，故以作范百王，垂風萬葉。 朕欽承寶曆，服膺教義，眷言洙、泗，懷道滋深。 且褒成啟號，雖彰故實，旌崇聖績，猶有闕如。 可追封為鄒國公，邑數准舊。 並立後承襲。 別於京師置廟，以時祭享。」 戊子，行軍總管、杞國公亮舉兵反，襲行軍元帥、鄖國公韋孝寬於豫州。 亮不勝，孝寬獲而殺之。 辛卯，以永昌公椿為杞國公，紹簡公連後。 行幸同州。 增候正，前驅戒道，為三百六十重，自應門至於赤岸澤，數十里間，幡旗相蔽，鼓樂俱作。 又令武賁持鈒馬上，稱警蹕，以至於同州。 乙未，改同州宮為天成宮。 庚子，至自同州。 詔天臺侍衛之官，皆著五色及紅紫綠衣，以雜色為緣，名曰品色衣。 有大事，與公服間服之。 壬寅，詔內外命婦皆執笏，其拜宗廟及天臺，皆俛伏。 甲辰，初置天中大皇后。 立天左大皇后陳氏為天中大皇后，立妃尉遲氏為天左大皇后。
Third month, on dinghai day, a great communal feast was granted to officials and the people. An edict declared: "The line of a sage of flourishing virtue is said never to perish; merit shown to the people deserves clear place in the sacrificial canon. Confucius stored past virtue and embodied innate wisdom; with the talent of a great sage he belonged to the fortune of a thousand ages, broadly carried forward Confucian learning and set in order human relations. As for silently aiding the principle of Heaven and man and completing the work of rites and music, thus he became the model for a hundred kings and his influence extends through ten thousand generations. I reverently receive the precious succession and keep the teaching close to heart; speaking of Zhu and Si, my regard for the Way grows deeper. Though the enfeoffment at Baocheng restored the old title, the honoring of sacred merit still falls short. He may be posthumously enfeoffed as Duke of Zou, with a fief commensurate with the old standard. A descendant shall be installed to receive succession in perpetuity. A separate temple shall be established in the capital and sacrifices offered at the proper seasons." On wuzi day Yu Liang, Duke of Qi and campaigning commander-in-chief, raised troops in rebellion and attacked campaigning marshal Wei Xiaokuan, Duke of Yun, at Yu Province. Liang did not prevail; Xiaokuan captured and killed him. On xinmao day Duke of Yongchang Chun was made Duke of Qi to continue the line of Duke of Jian Lian. He traveled to Tong Province. The number of advance scouts was increased, and outriders cleared the road in three hundred and sixty ranks; from the Responding Gate to Red Bank Marsh, over several tens of li, banners hid one another and drums and music sounded together. He also ordered armored guards to carry halberds on horseback and call out the imperial progress, all the way to Tong Province. On yiwei day the Tong Province palace was renamed Tiancheng Palace. On gengzi day he returned from Tong Province. An edict ordered that officials of the Heavenly Terrace guard all wear five-colored and red, purple, and green garments, with mixed colors as trim, called graded-color robes. On great occasions they were worn alternately with formal and semi-formal court dress. An edict ordered that all wives of officials inside and out carry tablets; in bowing at the Imperial Ancestors' Temple and the Heavenly Terrace they all prostrated themselves. The Heavenly Central Grand Empress was first established. Grand Heavenly Left Empress Chen was installed as Heavenly Central Grand Empress, and Consort Yuchi was installed as Grand Heavenly Left Empress.
29
夏四月乙丑，有星大如斗，出天廚，流入紫宮，抵鉤陳乃滅。 己巳，祀太廟。 己卯，詔曰：「朕以寡薄，昧於治方，不能使天地休和，陰陽調序。 自春涉夏，甘澤未豐，旣軫西郊之歎，將虧南畝之業。 興言夕惕，無忘鑒昧。 良由德化未敷，政刑多舛，萬方有罪，責在朕躬。 思覃寬惠，被之率土。 見囚死罪竝降從流，流罪從徒，五歲刑已下悉皆原宥。 其反叛惡逆不道，及常赦所不免者，不在降例。」 壬午，幸 （中） 〔仲〕山祈雨。 至咸陽宮，雨降。 甲申，還宮。 令京城士女於衢巷作音樂以迎候。
Summer, fourth month, on yichou day, a star as large as a dipper emerged from the Celestial Kitchen, flowed into the Purple Palace, reached the Hooked Array, and vanished. On jisi day he sacrificed at the Imperial Ancestors' Temple. An edict declared: "I am of meager endowment and ignorant of the way to govern; I cannot make Heaven and earth harmonious or yin and yang properly ordered. From spring through summer sweet rain has not been abundant; I already grieve for the western suburbs, and the southern fields' work is about to suffer loss. Reflecting at night with vigilance, I do not forget this warning from darkness. Truly it is because virtue and transformation have not spread and government and punishments have often gone wrong; if the myriad regions have guilt, the blame lies on my person. I think to extend broad kindness and spread it over all the land. All prisoners facing death shall have their sentences reduced one degree to exile; exile shall become penal servitude; punishments of five years and below shall all be pardoned. Those guilty of rebellion, wickedness, and inhumanity, and those whom regular amnesties cannot exempt, are not within the scope of reduction." On renwu day he visited (Zhong) Mountain to pray for rain. When he reached Xianyang Palace, rain fell. On jiashen day he returned to the palace. He ordered the gentry and women of the capital to perform music in the streets to welcome him.
30
五月己丑，以上柱國、大前疑、隨國公楊堅為揚州總管。 甲午夜，帝備法駕幸天興宮。 乙未，帝不豫，還宮。 詔隨國公堅入侍疾。 甲辰，有星大如三斗，出太微端門，流入翼，聲若風鼓幡旗。 丁未，追趙、陳、越、代、滕五王入朝。 己酉，大漸。 御正下大夫劉昉，與內史上大夫鄭譯矯制，以隨國公堅受遺輔政。 是日，帝崩於天德殿。 時年二十二，諡曰宣皇帝。
Fifth month, on jichou day, Grand Pillar-of-State and Grand Front Advisor Yang Jian, Duke of Sui, was made governor-general of Yang Province. At midnight on jiazi day the emperor prepared the full imperial procession and visited the Tianxing Palace. On yiwei day the emperor fell ill and returned to the palace. An edict ordered Yang Jian, Duke of Sui, to enter and attend his illness. On jiachen day a star as large as three dippers emerged from the End Gate of Supreme Palace Enclosure, flowed into the Wings, and sounded like wind beating banners and drums. On dingwei day the princes of Zhao, Chen, Yue, Dai, and Teng were summoned to court. On jiyou day his illness became extreme. Director of Correctness Subordinate Grandee Liu Fang and Inner Scribe Senior Grandee Zheng Yi forged an edict appointing Yang Jian, Duke of Sui, to receive the testamentary charge and assist in government. That day Emperor Xuan died in the Tiande Hall. He was then twenty-two years old; his posthumous title was Emperor Xuan.
31
七月丙申，葬定陵。
Seventh month, on bingshen day, he was buried at Dingling.
32
帝之在東宮也，高祖慮其不堪承嗣，遇之甚嚴。 朝見進止，與諸臣無異，雖隆寒盛暑，亦不得休息。 性旣嗜酒，高祖遂禁醪醴不許至東宮。 帝每有過，輒加捶撲。 嘗謂之曰：「古來太子被廢者幾人，餘兒豈不堪立耶。」 於是遣東宮官屬錄帝言語動作，每月奏聞。 帝憚高祖威嚴，矯情修飾，以是過惡遂不外聞。
When Emperor Xuan was in the Eastern Palace, High Ancestor feared he could not bear the succession and treated him with great severity. In attending court and in advancing or withdrawing he was no different from the other ministers; even in deep cold or blazing heat he was not allowed rest. His nature being fond of wine, High Ancestor therefore forbade ale and sweet wine from reaching the Eastern Palace. Whenever Emperor Xuan had faults, blows were at once added. High Ancestor once said to him: "Through the ages, how many crown princes have been deposed? Are my other sons unfit to be installed?" Thereupon Eastern Palace officials and staff were sent to record Emperor Xuan's words and actions and report them monthly. Emperor Xuan feared High Ancestor's majesty, feigned feeling and adorned himself, and so his faults and wickedness did not reach the outside.
33
嗣位之初，方逞其欲。 大行在殯，曾無戚容，卽閱視先帝宮人，逼為淫亂。 纔及踰年，便恣聲樂，采擇天下子女，以充後宮。 好自矜誇，飾非拒諫。 禪位之後，彌復驕奢，耽酗於後宮，或旬日不出。 公卿近臣請事者，皆附奄官奏之。 所居宮殿，帷帳皆飾以金玉珠寶，光華炫耀，極麗窮奢。 及營洛陽宮，雖未成畢，其規模壯麗，踰於漢魏遠矣。
At the beginning of his succession he at once gave free rein to his desires. While the late emperor lay in the coffin he showed not the least grief; he at once inspected the late emperor's palace women and forced them into licentious disorder. Hardly more than a year had passed before he indulged freely in music and song and selected daughters from throughout the realm to fill the inner palace. He loved to boast of himself and cover faults while rejecting remonstrance. After abdicating the throne he became even more arrogant and extravagant, drowning himself in drink in the inner palace, sometimes not emerging for ten days at a stretch. When close ministers and high officials came to request business, all submitted through eunuch officials. The halls where he dwelt and their curtains and canopies were all adorned with gold, jade, and jewels, dazzling in brilliance, reaching the utmost splendor and extravagance. When the Luoyang palace was built, though it was not yet finished, its scale and magnificence far surpassed Han and Wei.
34
唯自尊崇，無所顧憚。 國典朝儀，率情變改。 後宮位號，莫能詳錄。 每對臣下，自稱為天。 以五色土塗所御天德殿，各隨方色。 又於後宮與皇后等列坐，用宗廟禮器樽彝珪瓚之屬以飲食焉。 又令羣臣朝天臺者，皆致齋三日，清身一日。 車旗章服，倍於前王之數。 旣自比上帝，不欲令人同己。 嘗自帶綬及冠通天冠，加金附蟬，顧見侍臣武弁上有金蟬，及王公有綬者，竝令去之。 又不聽人有高大之稱，諸姓高者改為薑，九族稱高祖者為長祖，曾祖為次長祖，官名凡稱上及大者改為長，有天者亦改之。 又令天下車皆以渾成木為輪，禁天下婦人皆不得施粉黛之飾，唯宮人得乘有輻車，加粉黛焉。 西陽公溫，杞國公亮之子，卽帝之從祖兄子也。 其妻尉遲氏有容色，因入朝，帝遂飲之以酒，逼而淫之。 亮聞之，懼誅，乃反。 纔誅溫，卽追尉遲氏入宮，初為妃，尋立為皇后。
He honored himself alone and feared nothing. State institutions and court ritual he altered according to whim. The titles and ranks of the inner palace cannot be fully recorded. Whenever he faced his ministers he called himself Heaven. He had the five-colored earths smeared on the Tiande Hall where he sat, each according to its directional color. He also in the inner palace sat in a row with the empresses and others, using ancestral temple ritual vessels such as goblets, libation cups, and jade scepters for eating and drinking. He also ordered that all who attended court at the Heavenly Terrace observe fasting for three days and purify the body for one day. Carriages, banners, seals, and robes were double the number of former kings. Since he compared himself to the Supreme God, he did not wish others to be like himself. Once, seeing the gold cicada on his own sash and on his Tongtian crown, and the gold cicadas on attending ministers' martial caps, and sashes on kings and dukes, he ordered them all removed. He also forbade anyone to use lofty titles; those surnamed Gao were changed to Jiang; the nine kin who called the great-grandfather "high ancestor" called him "chief ancestor," and the grandfather "second chief ancestor"; official titles that used "supreme" or "grand" were changed to "chief," and those with "Heaven" were also changed. He also ordered that all carriages in the realm use wheels of whole-formed wood, forbade all women in the realm to apply powder and rouge, and allowed only palace women to ride spoke-wheeled carriages and apply powder and rouge. Duke of Xiyang Wen was the son of Yu Liang, Duke of Qi, and the emperor's cousin once removed. His wife Lady Yuchi was beautiful in appearance; because she entered court, the emperor gave her wine to drink and forced her into licentiousness. When Liang heard of it he feared execution and therefore rebelled. Hardly had Wen been executed when Lady Yuchi was summoned into the palace; at first she was made consort, and soon afterward was installed as empress.
35
每召侍臣論議，唯欲興造變革，未嘗言及治政。 其後遊戲無恆，出入不 （飾） 〔節〕，羽儀仗衛，晨出夜還。 或幸天興宮，或游道會苑，陪侍之官，皆不堪命。 散樂雜戲魚龍爛漫之伎，常在目前。 好令京城少年為婦人服飾，入殿歌舞，與後宮觀之，以為喜樂。
Whenever he summoned attending ministers to discuss affairs, he wished only to undertake construction and change; he never spoke of governing the state. Thereafter his pleasures knew no constancy; going out and coming in he showed no (restraint) [decorum]; with guard of honor he went out at dawn and returned at night. Sometimes he visited the Tianxing Palace or roamed Dao Assembly Park; the officials who accompanied him could not endure the strain. Miscellaneous music, mixed entertainments, and fish-dragon pageantry were constantly before his eyes. He loved to have youths of the capital dress in women's clothes, enter the hall to sing and dance, and watch with the inner palace as entertainment.
36
擯斥近臣，多所猜忌。 又吝於財，略無賜與。 恐羣臣規諫，不得行己之志，常遣左右密伺察之，動止所為，莫不鈔錄，小有乘違，輒加其罪。 自公卿已下，皆被楚撻，其間誅戮黜免者，不可勝言。 每笞捶人，皆以百二十為度，名曰天杖。 宮人內職亦如之。 后妃嬪御，雖被寵嬖，亦多被杖背。 於是內外恐懼，人不自安，皆求苟免，莫有固志，重足累息，以逮於終。
He pushed away close ministers and was much given to suspicion. He was also stingy with wealth and almost never gave rewards. Fearing that ministers would remonstrate and he could not carry out his wishes, he constantly sent attendants to spy on them in secret; their movements and actions were all copied down, and the slightest transgression brought punishment. From high officials downward all were beaten with the cudgel; among them those executed, beaten to death, dismissed, or removed cannot be fully told. Whenever he beat people, one hundred and twenty strokes was the standard, called the Heaven Rod. Palace women and inner attendants were treated the same way. Consorts, imperial concubines, and palace ladies, though favored, were also often beaten on the back. Thereupon inside and outside were filled with fear; men did not feel secure and all sought merely to escape; none had firm resolve; walking on tiptoe and holding their breath, they reached the end.
37
史臣曰：高祖識嗣子之非才，顧宗祏之至重，滯愛同於晉武，則哲異於宋宣。 但欲威之以檟楚，期之於懲肅，義方之教，豈若是乎。 卒使昏虐君臨，姦回肆毒，善無小而必棄，惡無大而弗為。 窮南山之簡，未足書其過； 盡東觀之筆，不能記其罪。 然猶獲全首領，及子而亡，幸哉。
The historian writes: High Ancestor knew the heir lacked talent yet regarded the ancestral temple as supremely weighty; lingering affection was like Jin Emperor Wu, but discernment differed from Song Emperor Xuan. He only wished to awe him with the birch rod and expect reform through stern discipline—was the teaching of upright principle really like this? In the end a benighted and cruel ruler held the throne; wicked men ran rampant; good, however small, was always cast aside; evil, however great, was never left undone. Exhaust the bamboo of the Southern Mountains and it would not suffice to record his faults; Use up all the brushes of the Eastern Pavilion and they could not record his crimes. Yet he still kept his head intact and died leaving a son—fortunate indeed.
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全文以中華書局、一九七一年十一月版《周書》為本校。
The entire text has been collated against the Zhonghua Shuju edition of the Book of Zhou, November 1971.