1
赫連達韓果蔡祐常善辛威厙狄昌田弘梁椿梁臺宇文測弟深
He Lianda; Han Guo; Cai You; Chang Shan; Xin Wei; Shedichang; Tian Hong; Liang Chun; Liang Tai; Yuwen Ce; Yuwen Shen (younger brother)
2
赫連達字朔周，盛樂人，勃勃之後也。 曾祖庫多汗，因避難改姓杜氏。
He Lianda, styled Shuozhou, came from Shengle and traced his descent to Bobo. His great-grandfather Kuduohan had taken the surname Du while fleeing trouble.
3
達性剛鯁，有膽力。 少從賀拔岳征討有功，拜都將，賜爵長廣鄉男，遷都督。 及岳為侯莫陳悅所害，軍中大擾。 趙貴建議迎太祖，諸將猶豫未決。 達曰：「宇文夏州昔為左丞，明略過人，一時之傑。 今日之事，非此公不濟。 趙將軍議是也。 達請輕騎告哀，仍迎之。」 諸將或欲南追賀拔勝，或云東告朝廷。 達又曰：「此皆遠水不救近火，何足道哉。」 貴於是謀遂定，令達馳往。 太祖見達慟哭，問故，達以實對。 太祖遂以數百騎南赴平涼，引軍向高平，令達率騎據彈箏峽。 時百姓惶懼，奔散者多。 有數村民，方扶老弱、驅畜牧，欲入山避難，軍士爭欲掠之。 達曰：「遠近民黎，多受制於賊，今若值便掠縛，何謂伐罪弔民！ 不如因而撫之，以示義師之德。」 乃撫以恩信，民皆悅附，於是迭相曉語，咸復舊業。 太祖聞而嘉之。 悅平，加平東將軍。 太祖謂諸將曰：「當清水公遇禍之時，君等性命懸於賊手，雖欲來告，其路無從。 杜朔周冒萬死之難，遠來見及，遂得共盡忠節，同雪讐恥。 雖藉衆人之力，實賴杜子之功。 勞而不酬，何以勸善。」 乃賜馬二百匹。 達固讓，太祖弗許。 魏孝武入關，褒敘勳義，以達首逆元帥，匡復秦、隴，進爵魏昌縣伯，邑五百戶。
He Lianda was blunt and resolute by nature, fearless and strong. In his youth he campaigned under He Ba Yue with distinction, was made division commander and Baron of Changguang Township, then area commander. When Houmochen Yue murdered He Ba Yue, the army was thrown into chaos. Zhao Gui urged them to welcome Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai, but the other generals wavered and could not decide. He Lianda said: "Yuwen Tai of Xia Province once served as left assistant; his insight surpasses other men—he is the hero of our time. Nothing we face today can succeed without him. General Zhao is right. Let me take a light detachment to announce what has happened and bring him back." Some generals wanted to ride south after He Ba Sheng; others said they should send word east to the court. He Lianda said again: "That is distant water for a nearby fire—worthless." Zhao Gui then settled the plan and sent He Lianda riding ahead. When Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai saw He Lianda he wept and asked what had happened; He Lianda told him the whole truth. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai then rode south to Pingliang with a few hundred men, marched the army toward Gaoping, and put He Lianda in charge of cavalry holding Tancheng Gorge. The people were terrified, and many had already fled. A few villagers were shepherding the elderly and weak and their herds toward the hills when soldiers began fighting over the chance to loot them. He Lianda said: "People near and far are already at the rebels' mercy. If we seize and plunder them now, how can we call ourselves an army punishing wrongdoers and succoring the people? We should soothe them instead and show what a righteous army stands for." He won them over with kindness and good faith, and the people gladly rallied to him; word spread from village to village, and they returned to their old livelihoods. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai heard of it and praised him. After Houmochen Yue was defeated, He Lianda was promoted to General Who Pacifies the East. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai told the generals: "When the Duke of Qingshui was killed, your lives were in the rebels' hands. Even if you had wanted to reach me, there was no way. Du Shuozhou risked death to ride to me from afar, and only then could we all serve with full loyalty and wipe away our shame together. We had the strength of many men, but in truth we owed the victory to Du. Reward such labor, or how will anyone be moved to do good?" He then gave him two hundred horses. He Lianda refused repeatedly, but Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai would not hear of it. When Emperor Xiaowu of Wei entered the Pass and rewarded loyal service, He Lianda was raised to Earl of Weichang County with a fief of five hundred households for being first to rally to the commander-in-chief and recover Qin and Long.
4
從儀同李虎破曹泥，除鎮南將軍、金紫光祿大夫，加通直散騎常侍，增邑幷前一千戶。 從復弘農，戰沙苑，皆有功。 又增邑八百戶，除 （泉） 〔白水〕郡守，轉帥都督，加持節，除濟州刺史。 詔復姓赫連氏。 以達勳望兼隆，乃除雲州刺史，卽本州也。 進爵為公，拜大都督，尋授儀同三司。
After serving under Colonel-in-Ordinary Li Hu in the defeat of Cao Ni, he was made General Who Guards the South and Grand Master of the Gold Seal and Purple Ribbon, with the added title Directly Attached Regular Attendant Cavalier and a combined fief of one thousand households. He also fought in the recovery of Hongnong and at Shaye, earning merit in both. His fief was increased by eight hundred households, and he was appointed administrator of [variant: Quan] Bai Shui commandery, promoted to area commander-in-chief with staff of authority, and then governor of Ji Province. An edict restored the Helian surname. Because He Lianda's record and standing were both high, he was made governor of Yun Province, his home province. He was raised to duke and grand area commander, and soon received the rank of colonel-in-ordinary of the third rank.
5
從大將軍達奚武攻漢中。 梁宜豐侯蕭循拒守積時，後乃送款。 武問諸將進止之宜。 開府賀蘭願德等以其食盡，欲急攻取之。 達曰：「不戰而獲城，策之上者。 無容利其子女，貪其財帛。 窮兵極武，仁者不為。 且觀其士馬猶強，城池尚固，攻之縱克，必將彼此俱損。 如其困獸猶鬥，則成敗未可知。 況行師之道，以全軍為上。」 武曰：「公言是也。」 乃命將帥各申所見。 於是開府楊寬等並同達議，武遂受循降。 師還，遷驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，加侍中，進爵藍田縣公。
He followed Grand General Daxi Wu in the attack on Hanzhong. Xiao Xun, Marquis of Yifeng of Liang, held out for a long time before at last offering to surrender. Daxi Wu asked his generals whether to press the attack or hold back. Bureau Chief Helan Yuande and others, seeing the enemy's stores spent, wanted a swift assault. He Lianda said: "To take a city without fighting is the best strategy. We must not prey on their families or covet their goods. To grind the army down in total war is not what a humane commander does. Their men and horses are still strong and the walls still hold; even if we took the place, both sides would be badly hurt. If they fight like cornered beasts, the outcome is anyone's guess. And in war the first duty is to bring the whole army home." Daxi Wu said: "You are right." He then had each commander give his opinion. Bureau Chief Yang Kuan and the others sided with He Lianda, and Daxi Wu accepted Xiao Xun's surrender. When the army returned, He Lianda was made Grand General of Agile Cavalry and bureau chief of the third rank, with palace attendant added, and was raised to Duke of Lantian County.
6
六官初建，授左遂伯。 出為隴州刺史。 保定初，遷大將軍、夏州總管、三州五防諸軍事。 達雖非文吏，然性質直，遵奉法度，輕於鞭撻，而重慎死罪。 性又廉儉，邊境胡民或饋達以羊者，達欲招納異類，報以繒帛。 主司請用官物，達曰：「羊入我廚，物出官庫，是欺上也。」 命取私帛與之。 識者嘉其仁恕焉。 尋進爵樂川郡公。 建德二年，進位柱國，薨。 子遷嗣。 大象中位至大將軍、蒲州刺史。
When the Six Offices were first established, he was made Left Suibo. He was sent out as governor of Long Province. At the start of Baoding he was made grand general and overall commander of Xia Province with authority over the three provinces and five garrisons. He Lianda was no clerk, but he was plainspoken, strict about the law, sparing with the lash yet careful and reluctant to impose death. He was also frugal. Border tribesmen sometimes gave him sheep; wishing to win them over, he repaid them from his own stores of silk. His staff wanted to use government goods, but He Lianda said: "If sheep enter my kitchen while goods leave the public storehouse, I am cheating my superiors." He had his own silk brought out instead. Men of judgment praised his kindness and restraint. He was soon raised to Duke of Lechuan Commandery. In the second year of Jiande he was made Pillar of State, then died. His son Qian succeeded him. In the Daxiang era Qian rose to grand general and governor of Pu Province.
7
韓果字阿六拔，代武川人也。 少驍雄，善騎射。 賀拔岳西征，引為帳內。 擊万俟醜奴及其枝黨，轉戰數十合，並破之。 膂力絕倫，被甲荷戈，升陟峰嶺，猶涉平路，雖數十百日，不以為勞。 以功授宣 （武） 〔威〕將軍、子都督。 從太祖討平侯莫陳悅，遷都督，賜爵邯鄲縣男。 魏孝武入關，進爵石〔城〕縣伯，邑五百戶。 大統初，進爵為公，增邑通前一千戶，加通直散騎常侍。
Han Guo, styled A Liubba, came from Wuchuan in Dai. From boyhood he was bold and excelled at mounted archery. On his western campaign He Ba Yue took Han Guo into his personal guard. He attacked Wanqidu Chounu and his allies in dozens of battles and broke them every time. His strength was unmatched: armored and weapon in hand, he climbed peaks as if on flat ground and could march tens or hundreds of days without tiring. For his service he was made General of Xuan [variant: Wu] General of Xuanwei and sub-area commander. He followed Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai in defeating Houmochen Yue, was made area commander, and enfeoffed as Baron of Handan County. When Emperor Xiaowu of Wei entered the Pass, Han Guo was raised to Earl of Shicheng County with a fief of five hundred households. At the start of Datong he was raised to duke with a combined fief of one thousand households and given the title Directly Attached Regular Attendant Cavalier.
8
果性強記，兼有權略。 所行之處，山川形勢，備能記憶。 兼善伺敵虛實，揣知情狀，有潛匿溪穀欲為間偵者，果登高望之，所疑處，往必有獲。 太祖由是以果為虞候都督。 每從征行，常領候騎，晝夜巡察，略不眠寢。
Han Guo had a powerful memory and a gift for strategy. Wherever he marched, he memorized every feature of the land. He could read an enemy's strength and intentions; when scouts hid in ravines, he climbed to a height, marked the place, and always found them. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai therefore made him scout commander. On every campaign he led the scout cavalry, riding patrol day and night with almost no sleep.
9
從襲竇泰於潼關，太祖依其規畫，軍以勝返。 賞真珠金帶一腰、帛二百匹，授征虜將軍。 又從復弘農，攻拔河南城，獲郡守一人，論功為最。 破沙苑，戰河橋，並有功，授撫軍將軍、銀青光祿大夫，增邑九百戶。 遷朔州刺史，轉安州刺史，加帥都督。 九年，從戰邙山，軍還，除河東郡守。 又從大軍破稽胡於北山。 胡地險阻，人迹罕至，果進兵窮討，散其種落。 稽胡憚果勁健，號為著翅人。 太祖聞之，笑曰：「著翅之名，寧減飛將。」 累遷大都督、車騎大將軍、儀同三司、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，出為宜州刺史。 錄前後功，進爵褒中郡公。 魏恭帝元年，授大將軍。 從賀蘭祥討吐谷渾，以功別封一子縣公。 武成二年，又率軍破稽胡，大獲生口。 賜奴婢一百口，除寧州刺史。 保定三年，拜少師，進位柱國。 四年，從尉遲迥圍洛陽。 軍退，果所部獨全。 天和初，授華州刺史，為政寬簡，吏民稱之。 建德初，薨。
At the surprise attack on Dou Tai at Tong Pass, Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai followed his plan and the army returned in victory. He was rewarded with a belt of pearls and gold, two hundred bolts of silk, and the title General Who Punishes the Barbarians. He fought again in the recovery of Hongnong, took Henan city, and captured a commandery administrator; his merit was judged the greatest. He fought at Shaye and Heqiao with distinction, was made General Who Pacifies the Army and Grand Master of the Silver Seal and Blue Ribbon, and received nine hundred additional households. He served as governor of Shuo Province, then of An Province, with area commander-in-chief added. In the ninth year he fought at Mount Mang, and when the army returned he was made administrator of Hedong commandery. He followed the main army again in defeating the Ji Hu at North Mountain. The Ji Hu country was rugged and almost untraveled; Han Guo drove deep in pursuit and broke up their tribes. The Ji Hu feared his strength and called him the Winged Man. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai laughed when he heard it and said: "Winged Man is a name that need not bow to the Flying General." He rose through grand area commander, grand general of chariots and cavalry, colonel-in-ordinary of the third rank, grand general of agile cavalry, and bureau chief of the third rank, and was sent out as governor of Yi Province. His accumulated service won him promotion to Duke of Baozhong Commandery. In the first year of Emperor Gong of Wei he was made grand general. He followed Helan Xiang against Tuyuhun and, for his merit, had one son separately enfeoffed as county duke. In the second year of Wucheng he led troops again, broke the Ji Hu, and took many captives. He received one hundred slaves and was made governor of Ning Province. In the third year of Baoding he was made junior preceptor and raised to Pillar of State. In the fourth year he followed Yuchi Jiong in the siege of Luoyang. When the army withdrew, only Han Guo's command came back intact. At the start of Tianhe he was made governor of Hua Province; his rule was easy and plain, and officials and people praised him. At the beginning of Jiande he died.
10
子明嗣。 大象末，位至上大將軍、黎州刺史。 與尉遲迥同謀，被誅。
Ziming succeeded him. By the end of Daxiang he had risen to upper grand general and governor of Li Province. He joined Yuchi Jiong in a conspiracy and was put to death.
11
蔡祐字承先，其先陳留圉人也。 曾祖紹為夏州鎮將，徙居高平，因家焉。 祖護，魏景明初，為陳留郡守。 父襲，名著西州。 正光中，万俟醜奴寇亂關中，襲乃背賊，棄妻子，歸洛陽。 拜齊安郡守。 及魏孝武西遷，仍在關東。 後始拔難西歸，賜爵平舒縣伯，除岐、夏二州刺史，卒。 贈原州刺史。
Cai You, styled Chengxian, came from Yu in Chenliu. His great-grandfather Shao had been garrison commander of Xia Province, moved to Gaoping, and settled the family there. His grandfather Hu served as administrator of Chenliu commandery at the start of the Wei Jingming era. His father Xi was renowned throughout the west. During Zhenguang, Wan Qidu Chounu ravaged Guanzhong; Xi then broke with the rebels, left his wife and children behind, and fled to Luoyang. He was appointed administrator of Qi'an commandery. When Emperor Xiaowu of Wei moved west, Xi remained in the east. Only later did he escape and return west; he was enfeoffed Baron of Pingshu County, made governor of Qi and Xia provinces, and died in office. He was posthumously made governor of Yuan Province.
12
祐性聰敏，有行檢。 襲之背賊東歸也，祐年十四，事母以孝聞。 及長，有膂力，便騎射。 太祖在原州，召為帳下親信。 太祖遷夏州，以祐為都督。
Cai You was clever and principled by nature. When Xi broke with the rebels and returned east, You was fourteen and won fame for serving his mother with filial devotion. When grown he was powerfully built and skilled at mounted archery. When Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai was at Yuan Province he summoned Cai You into his personal guard. When Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai moved to Xia Province he made Cai You area commander.
13
及侯莫陳悅害賀拔岳，諸將遣使迎太祖。 將赴，夏州首望彌姐元進等陰有異計。 太祖微知之，先與祐議執元進。 祐曰：「狼子野心，會當反噬，今若執縛，不如殺之。」 太祖曰：「汝大決也。」 於是召元進等入計事。 太祖曰：「隴賊逆亂，與諸人戮力討之。 觀諸人輩似有不同者。」 太祖微以此言動之，因目祐。 祐卽出外，衣甲持刀直入，瞋目叱諸人曰：「與人朝謀夕異，豈是人也！ 蔡祐今日必斬姦人之頭。」 因按劍臨之。 舉座皆叩頭曰：「願有簡擇。」 祐乃叱元進而斬之，幷其黨並伏誅。 一坐皆戰慄，不敢仰視。 於是與諸將結盟，同心誅悅。 太祖以此知重之。 乃謂祐曰：「吾今以爾為子，爾其父事我。」 後從討悅，破之。
After Houmochen Yue murdered He Ba Yue, the generals sent envoys to welcome Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai. As he prepared to go, the leading clan heads of Xia Province, Mizhi Yuanjin and others, secretly plotted treachery. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai had a hint of it and first discussed with Cai You seizing Yuanjin. Cai You said: "A wolf cub has a wolf's heart; in time it will turn and bite. If we seize him now, we had better kill him." Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai said: "You are very decisive." He then summoned Yuanjin and the others in to discuss plans. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai said: "The Long rebels are in revolt; let us join forces to punish them. Yet some of you seem to have other ideas." He used these words to probe them, then signaled Cai You with his eyes. Cai You at once went out, put on armor, took a sword, and strode back in. Glaring at the assembly he shouted: "To plot with a man in the morning and turn against him by evening—is that how a man behaves? Today Cai You will cut off the traitors' heads." He pressed his hand to his sword and advanced on them. The whole assembly kowtowed and said: "Choose among us as you will." Cai You then denounced Yuanjin and beheaded him, and his whole faction was put to death. The whole assembly trembled and dared not raise their eyes. He then joined the generals in alliance, resolved together to kill Houmochen Yue. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai thereby came to know and value him. He then told Cai You: "I now take you as my son; serve me as you would a father." Later Cai You followed in the campaign against Houmochen Yue and helped defeat him.
14
又從迎魏孝武於潼關。 以前後功，封萇鄉縣伯，邑五百戶。 大統初，加寧朔將軍、羽林監，尋持節、員外散騎常侍，進爵為侯，增邑一千一百戶。 從太祖擒竇泰，復弘農，戰沙苑，皆有功，授平東將軍、太中大夫。
He also helped welcome Emperor Xiaowu of Wei at Tong Pass. For his accumulated service he was enfeoffed Baron of Changxiang County with a fief of five hundred households. At the start of Datong he was made General Who Pacifies the North and captain of the Feathered Forest guard; soon he received staff of authority and the title supernumerary regular palace attendant cavalier, was raised to marquis, and received eleven hundred additional households. He followed Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai in capturing Dou Tai, recovering Hongnong, and fighting at Shaye, earning merit in each; he was made General Who Pacifies the East and Grand Master of the Silver Seal and Blue Ribbon.
15
又從太祖戰於河橋，祐乃下馬步鬥，手殺數人。 左右勸乘馬以備急卒。 祐怒曰：「丞相養我如子，今日豈以性命為念！」 遂率左右十餘人，齊聲大呼，殺傷甚多。 敵以其無繼，遂圍之十餘重，謂祐曰：「觀君似是勇士，但弛甲來降，豈慮無富貴耶。」 祐罵之曰：「死卒！ 吾今取頭，自當封公，何假賊之官號也。」 乃彎弓持滿，四面拒之。 東魏人弗敢逼，乃募厚甲長刀者，直進取祐。 去祐可三十步，左右勸射之，祐曰：「吾曹性命，在一矢耳，豈虛發哉。」 敵人漸進，可十步，祐乃射之，正中其面，應弦而倒，便以矟刺殺之。 因此，戰數合，唯失一人。 敵乃稍卻。 祐徐引退。 是戰也，我軍不利。 太祖已還。 祐至弘農，夜中與太祖相會。 太祖見祐至，字之曰：「承先，爾來，吾無憂矣。」 太祖心驚，不得寢，枕祐股上，乃安。 以功進爵為公，增邑三百戶，授京兆郡守。
At Heqiao he again followed Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai into battle, dismounted, and fought on foot, killing several men himself. His companions urged him to remount in case of a sudden rush. Cai You snapped: "The Chancellor raised me like a son. Today how could I care about my life!" He then led his dozen or so companions in a great shout and killed or wounded many of the enemy. Seeing he had no reinforcements, the enemy surrounded him a dozen ranks deep and called out: "You look a brave man. Lay down your armor and surrender—surely wealth and rank await you." Cai You cursed them: "Corpses! If I take heads today I shall win a duke's enfeoffment myself. Why should I borrow titles from rebels?" He strung his bow full and held them off on every side. The Eastern Wei troops dared not close in; they then picked heavily armored men with long blades to advance straight at Cai You. When the man was about thirty paces away, his companions urged him to shoot. Cai You said: "Our lives hang on this one arrow. How could I waste it?" The enemy drew nearer; at about ten paces Cai You shot, struck him square in the face, and brought him down at the twang of the bowstring, then ran him through with his spear. In the fighting that followed he lost only one man through several engagements. The enemy then fell back a little. Cai You slowly withdrew. In that battle our army had the worse of it. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai had already withdrawn. Cai You reached Hongnong and met Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai in the middle of the night. When Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai saw Cai You arrive he called him by style and said: "Chengxian, you have come. I have nothing left to fear." His heart was still shaken and he could not sleep until he laid his head on Cai You's thigh and at last found rest. For his service he was raised to duke with three hundred additional households and made administrator of Jingzhao commandery.
16
九年，東魏〔北〕豫州刺史高仲密舉州來附。 太祖率軍援之，與齊神武遇，戰於邙山。 祐時著明光鐵鎧，所向無前。 敵人咸曰「此是鐵猛獸也」，皆遽避之。 俄授青州刺史，轉原州刺史，加帥都督，尋除大都督。 十三年，遭父憂，請終喪紀。 弗許。 遷車騎大將軍、儀同三司，加驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、侍中，賜姓大利稽氏，進爵懷寧郡公。
In the ninth year Gao Zhongmi, governor of Northern Yuzhou under Eastern Wei, surrendered his province. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai marched to support him, met Gao Huan, and fought at Mount Mang. Cai You wore bright iron armor and cut through every enemy line before him. The enemy all cried, "That is an iron beast," and hurried out of his way. He was soon made governor of Qing Province, then transferred to governor of Yuan Province with commandery area commander added, and soon promoted to grand area commander. In the thirteenth year, when his father died, he asked to observe the full mourning period. The request was denied. He was transferred to grand general of chariots and cavalry and equal in three departments, then given the added titles grand general of fast cavalry, opening office with equal in three departments, and palace attendant; he received the surname Dali Ji and was raised to Duke of Huaining commandery.
17
魏恭帝二年，中領軍。 六官建，授兵部中大夫。 江陵初附，諸蠻騷動，詔祐與大將軍豆盧寧討平之。 三年，拜大將軍，給後部鼓吹。 以前後功，增邑幷前四千戶，別封一子縣伯。 太祖不豫，祐與晉公護、賀蘭祥等侍疾。 及太祖崩，祐悲慕不已，遂得氣疾。
In the second year of Emperor Gong of Wei he served as central army commander. When the Six Offices were established he was made middle grand master of the Ministry of War. When Jiangling had just submitted and the barbarian tribes were in turmoil, an edict sent Cai You with Grand General Dou Lu Ning to suppress them. In the third year he was made grand general and granted rear-guard musical instruments. For his accumulated service his fief was raised to four thousand households in all, and one son was separately enfeoffed as county marquis. When Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai fell ill, Cai You attended him together with Duke of Jin Yuwen Hu, Helan Xiang, and others. When Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai died, Cai You grieved without end and contracted a breathing ailment.
18
孝閔帝踐阼，拜少保。 祐與尉遲綱俱掌禁兵，遞直殿省。 時帝信任司會李植等，謀害晉公護，祐每泣諫，帝不聽。 尋而帝廢。
When Emperor Xiaomin took the throne, Cai You was made junior preceptor. Cai You and Yuchi Gang jointly commanded the palace guard and took turns on duty in the palace offices. The emperor then trusted Director of Justice Li Zhi and others in a plot against Duke of Jin Yuwen Hu; Cai You wept and remonstrated again and again, but the emperor would not listen. Before long the emperor was deposed.
19
世宗卽位，拜小司馬，少保如故。 帝之為公子也，與祐特相友昵，至是禮遇彌隆。 御膳每有異味，輒輟以賜祐； 羣臣朝宴，每被別留，或至昏夜，列炬鳴笳，送祐還宅。 祐以過蒙禮遇，常辭疾避之。 至於婚姻，尤不願交於勢要。 尋以本官權鎮原州。 頃之，授 （宣） 〔宜〕州刺史，未之部，因先氣疾動，卒於原州。 時年五十四。
When Emperor Shizong took the throne, Cai You was made junior minister of war while retaining the post of junior preceptor. When the emperor had been a prince he and Cai You had been especially close; now his favor was even greater. Whenever the imperial table had special delicacies, the emperor would set them aside for Cai You; at court banquets he always kept Cai You behind after the others, sometimes until nightfall, and sent him home with lines of torches and blaring pipes. Cai You, feeling he received more honor than he deserved, often pleaded illness to keep his distance. In marriage above all he refused ties with the powerful. He was soon made provisional garrison commander of Yuan Province in his existing rank. Before long he was appointed [variant: Yi] governor of Yi Province. He had not yet reported to his post when his old ailment returned and he died at Yuan Province. He was fifty-four.
20
祐少有大志，與鄉人李穆，布衣齊名。 嘗相謂曰：「大丈夫當建立功名，以取富貴，安能久處貧賤邪！」 言訖，各大笑。 穆卽申公也。 後皆如其言。 及從征伐，常潰圍陷陣，為士卒先。 軍還之日，諸將爭功，祐終無所競。 太祖 （乃） 〔每〕歎之，嘗謂諸將曰：「承先口不言勳，孤當代其論敘。」 其見知如此。 性節儉，所得祿皆散與宗族，身死之日，家無餘財。 贈使持節、柱國大將軍、大都督、五州諸軍事、原州刺史。 諡曰莊。 子正嗣。 官至使持節、車騎大將軍、儀同三司。
From youth Cai You had high ambition; he and his fellow townsman Li Mu were equally famed while still in plain dress. They once said to each other: "A true man should win fame and fortune through achievement. How can he linger forever in poverty and obscurity?" When they had finished speaking, both laughed aloud. Li Mu was Duke of Shen. Later both fulfilled what they had said. On campaign he often broke through encirclements and led the charge ahead of his men. When the army returned, the generals all wrangled over credit; Cai You never joined the contest. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai [variant: nai] He always sighed over this and once told the generals: "Chengxian never speaks of his merits—I shall state them for him." Such was the esteem in which he was held. Frugal by nature, he gave all his salary to his clan; when he died, his household had nothing left. Posthumously he was made commissioner with full credentials, pillar grand general, supreme area commander, commander-in-chief of military affairs in five provinces, and governor of Yuan Province. His posthumous title was Zhuang (Steadfast). His son Zheng succeeded to the title. He rose to commissioner with full credentials, grand general of chariots and cavalry, and equal-to-three-division protocol.
21
祐弟澤，頗好學，有幹能。 起家魏廣平王參軍、丞相府兼記室，加宣 （武） 〔威〕將軍、給事中。 從尉遲迥平蜀，授帥都督，賜爵安彌縣男。 稍遷司輅下大夫、車騎大將軍、儀同三司、澧州刺史。 在州受賂，總管代王達以其功臣子弟，密奏貰之。 後為 （邙） ［鄖］州刺史，不從司馬消難，被害。
Cai You's younger brother Ze was quite fond of learning and capable in practical affairs. He began as aide to the Prince of Guangping of Wei and concurrent recorder in the grand chancellor's office, with added General Who Establishes [variant: Wu] Might and palace attendant. Following Yuchi Jiong in pacifying Shu, he was made commander-in-chief and enfeoffed Baron of Anmi county. He rose through junior grand master of the carriage office, grand general of chariots and cavalry, equal-to-three-division protocol, and governor of Li Province. While governing the province he took bribes; area commander Prince Dai Wang Da, because Ze was a meritorious minister's son, secretly memorialized to pardon him. Later he was made [variant: Mang] governor of Yun Province; he refused to follow Sima Xiaonan and was killed.
22
常善，高陽人也。 世為豪族。 父安成，魏正光末，茹茹寇邊，以統軍從鎮將慕容勝與戰，大破之。 時破六汗拔陵作亂，欲逼安成。 不從，乃率所部討陵。 以功授伏波將軍，給鼓節。 後與拔陵連戰，卒於陣。
Chang Shan was a native of Gaoyang. His family had for generations been a powerful clan. His father Ancheng — at the end of Zhengguang, when the Ruru raided the frontier, served as army commander under garrison general Murong Sheng and routed them. When Poliuhan Baling rebelled, he tried to force Ancheng to join him. Ancheng refused and led his troops against Baling. For his merit he was made General Who Subdues Waves and given drums and batons of authority. He later fought Baling again and again and died in battle.
23
善，魏孝昌中，從爾朱榮入洛，授威烈將軍、都督，加龍驤將軍、中散大夫、直寢，封房城縣男，邑三百戶。 後從太祖平侯莫陳悅，除天水郡守。 魏孝武西遷，授武衛將軍，進爵武始縣伯，增邑二百戶。 大統初，加平東將軍，進爵為侯。 擒竇泰，復弘農，破沙苑，累有戰功。 除使持節、衛將軍，假驃騎大將軍、秦州刺史。 四年，從戰河橋，加大都督，進爵為公，除涇州刺史。 屬茹茹入寇，抄掠北邊，善率所部破之，盡獲所掠。 拜車騎大將軍、儀同三司，遷驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，西安州刺史。 轉蔚州刺史。 頻蒞三蕃，頗有政績。 魏恭帝二年，進爵永陽郡公，增邑二千戶。
Chang Shan — in the Xiaochang era he followed Erzhu Rong into Luoyang, was made General of Majestic Might and area commander, given Dragon Charger General, palace secretary, and directly-attending guard, and enfeoffed Baron of Fangcheng county with a fief of three hundred households. He later followed Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai in defeating Houmochen Yue and was made administrator of Tianshui commandery. When Emperor Xiaowu of Wei moved west, he was made General Who Guards the Army, raised to Earl of Wushi county, and given two hundred additional households. At the beginning of Datong he was given General Who Pacifies the East and raised to marquis. He fought at the capture of Dou Tai, the recovery of Hongnong, and the battle of Shaye, winning distinction again and again. He was made commissioner with full credentials, Guard General, acting grand general of rapid cavalry, and governor of Qin Province. In the fourth year he fought at Heqiao, was promoted to grand area commander, raised to duke, and made governor of Jing Province. When the Ruru raided the northern frontier, Chang Shan led his troops against them, defeated them, and recovered everything they had taken. He was made grand general of chariots and cavalry with equal-to-three-division protocol, then transferred to grand general of rapid cavalry with opening-office equal-to-three-division protocol and governor of Xi'an Province. He was transferred to governor of Yu Province. He repeatedly held three frontier posts and won a solid record of governance. In the second year of Emperor Gong of Wei he was raised to Duke of Yongyang commandery and given two thousand additional households.
24
孝閔帝踐阼，拜大將軍、寧州總管。 保定二年，入為小司徒。 四年，突厥出師與隋公楊忠東伐，令善應接之。 五年夏，卒，時年六十四。 贈使持節、柱國大將軍、大都督、延夏鹽恆燕五州諸軍事、延州刺史。 子升和嗣。 先以善勳，拜儀同三司。
When Emperor Min succeeded to the throne, he was made grand general and area commander of Ning Province. In the second year of Baoding he entered court as Junior Minister of Education. In the fourth year the Turks marched out with Duke of Sui Yang Zhong on an eastern campaign, and the court ordered Chang Shan to meet and support them. He died in the summer of the fifth year, aged sixty-four. Posthumously he was made commissioner with full credentials, pillar grand general, supreme area commander, commander-in-chief of military affairs in Yan, Xia, Salt, Heng, and Yan provinces, and governor of Yan Province. His son Shenghe succeeded to the title. Earlier, because of Chang Shan's merit, he had been granted equal-to-three-division protocol.
25
辛威，隴西人也。 祖大汗，魏渭州刺史。 父生，河州四面大都督。 及威著勳，追贈大將軍、涼甘等五州刺史。
Xin Wei was a native of Longxi. His grandfather Dahan was governor of Wei Province. His father Sheng was supreme area commander of the four circuits of He Province. When Xin Wei won distinction, his forebears were posthumously made grand general and governors of Liang, Gan, and three other provinces.
26
威少慷慨，有志略。 初從賀拔岳征討有功，假輔國將軍、都督。 及太祖統岳之衆，見威奇之，引為帳內。 尋授羽林監，封白土縣伯，邑五百戶。 從迎魏孝武，因攻回洛城，功居最。 大統元年，拜寧遠將軍，增邑二百戶。 累遷通直散騎常侍，進爵為侯，增邑三百戶。 從擒竇泰，復弘農，戰沙苑，並先鋒陷敵，勇冠一時。 以前後功，授撫軍將軍、銀青光祿大夫。 從于謹破襄城。 又從獨孤信入洛陽，經河橋陣，加持節，進爵為公，增邑八百戶。 五年，授揚州刺史，加大都督。 十三年，遷車騎大將軍、儀同三司，驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，賜姓普 （毛） 〔屯〕氏，出為鄜州刺史。 威時望旣重，朝廷以桑梓榮之，遷河州刺史，本州大中正。 頻領二鎮，頗得民和。
Xin Wei from youth was generous and high-minded, with ambition and strategy. At first he followed He Ba Yue on punitive campaigns with distinction and was made acting General Who Assists the State and area commander. When Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai took command of He Ba Yue's army, struck by Xin Wei's talent, he brought him into his personal staff. He was soon made Supervisor of the Feathered Forest and enfeoffed Earl of Baitu county with a fief of five hundred households. In welcoming Emperor Xiaowu of Wei he also attacked Huiluo city, and his merit ranked foremost. In the first year of Datong he was made General of Distant Pacification and given two hundred additional households. He rose to regular palace attendant of the scattered cavalry, was raised to marquis, and given three hundred additional households. At the capture of Dou Tai, the recovery of Hongnong, and the battle of Shaye he led the vanguard and broke the enemy; his courage topped his age. For his accumulated service he was made General Who Pacifies the Army and Grand Master of the Silver Seal and Blue Ribbon. He followed Yu Jin in the capture of Xiangcheng. He again followed Dugu Xin into Luoyang, fought at the Heqiao line, was granted enhanced credentials, raised to duke, and given eight hundred additional households. In the fifth year he was made governor of Yang Province and promoted to grand area commander. In the thirteenth year he was transferred to grand general of chariots and cavalry with equal-to-three-division protocol and grand general of rapid cavalry with opening-office equal-to-three-division protocol, and granted the surname Pu [variant: Mao] Tun clan, and sent out as governor of Fu Province. Xin Wei's standing was already great; the court honored his native place by making him governor of He Province and grand chancellor of his home province. Holding two commands in succession, he won the people to harmony.
27
威性持重，有威嚴。 歷官數十年，未嘗有過，故得以身名終。 兼其家門友義，五世同居，世以此稱之。 子永達嗣。 大象末，以威勳，拜儀同大將軍。
Xin Wei was steady and weighty by nature, with dignity and sternness. He held office for decades without a fault and so ended with reputation and life intact. His household was noted for friendly righteousness — five generations under one roof — and the world praised them for it. His son Yongda succeeded to the title. At the end of Daxiang, because of Xin Wei's merit, he was made equal-to-three-division grand general.
28
厙狄昌字恃德，神武人也。 少便騎射，有膂力。 及長，進止閒雅，膽氣壯烈，每以將帥自許。 年十八，爾朱天光引為幢主，加討夷將軍。 從天光定關中，以功拜寧遠將軍、奉車都尉、統軍。 天光敗，又從賀拔岳。 授征西將軍、金紫光祿大夫。 及岳被害，昌與諸將議翊戴太祖。 從平侯莫陳悅，賜爵陰盤縣子，加衛將軍、右光祿大夫。
Shedichang, styled Shide, was a native of Shenwu. As a youth he was skilled at mounted archery and possessed great strength. When grown his bearing was refined and easy and his courage fierce; he often considered himself fit to be a general. At eighteen Erzhu Tiangguang took him on as standard-bearer chief and gave him the added title General Who Punishes the Barbarians. Following Tiangguang in pacifying Guanzhong, he was rewarded with General of Distant Pacification, chariot commander of the court, and army commander. When Tiangguang was defeated, he again followed He Ba Yue. He was made General Who Conquers the West and Grand Master of the Gold Seal and Purple Ribbon. When He Ba Yue was murdered, Shedichang with the other generals deliberated supporting Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai. Following Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai in defeating Houmochen Yue, he was enfeoffed Viscount of Yinpan county and given Guard General and Right Grand Master of the Honorific Seal.
29
後從太祖迎魏孝武，復潼關，改封長子縣子，邑八百戶。 大統初，進爵為公，增邑一千戶。 從破竇泰，授車騎將軍、左光祿大夫。 又從復弘農，戰沙苑，昌皆先登陷陣。 太祖嘉之，授帥都督。 四年，從戰河橋，除冀州刺史。 後與于謹破胡賊劉平伏於上郡，授馮翊郡守。 久之，轉河北郡守。 十三年，錄前後功，授大都督、通直散騎常侍。 又從隨公楊忠破蠻賊田社清，昌功為最，增邑三百戶，拜儀同三司。 尋遷開府儀同三司。 十六年，出為東夏州刺史。 魏廢帝元年，進爵方城郡公，增邑幷前四千一百戶。 六官建，授稍伯中大夫。 孝閔帝踐阼，拜大將軍。 後以疾卒。
Later, following Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai in welcoming Emperor Xiaowu of Wei and recovering Tong Pass, he was re-enfeoffed Viscount of Changzi county with a fief of eight hundred households. At the beginning of Datong he was raised to duke and given one thousand additional households. After the defeat of Dou Tai he was made grand general of chariots and cavalry and Left Grand Master of the Honorific Seal. He again fought in the recovery of Hongnong and the battle of Shaye; each time Shedichang was first over the wall and broke the enemy line. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai commended him and made him commander-in-chief. In the fourth year, after fighting at Heqiao, he was made governor of Ji Province. Later, with Yu Jin, he defeated the Hu bandit Liu Pingfu at Shang commandery and was made administrator of Fengyi commandery. After some time he was transferred to administrator of Hebei commandery. In the thirteenth year, for his accumulated service, he was made grand area commander and regular palace attendant of the scattered cavalry. Again following Duke of Sui Yang Zhong against the Man bandit Tian Sheqing, Shedichang's achievement ranked foremost; he received three hundred additional households and equal-to-three-division protocol. He was soon transferred to opening-office equal-to-three-division protocol. In the sixteenth year he was sent out as governor of East Xia Province. In the first year of Emperor Fei of Wei he was raised to Duke of Fangcheng commandery, with a combined fief of four thousand one hundred households. When the Six Offices were established, he was made Junior Suibo Grand Master. When Emperor Min succeeded to the throne, he was made grand general. He later died of illness.
30
田弘字廣略，高平人也。 少慷慨，志立功名，膂力過人，敢勇有謀略。 魏永安中，陷於万俟醜奴。 爾朱天光入關，弘自原州歸順，授都督。
Tian Hong, styled Guanglue, was a native of Gaoping. In youth he was generous and aspired to win fame and merit; his strength surpassed others and he was daring, brave, and strategic. In the Yong'an era he was captured by Wanqij Chounu. When Erzhu Tiangguang entered the Pass, Tian Hong came from Yuan Province to submit and was made area commander.
31
及太祖初統衆，弘求謁見，乃論世事，深被引納，卽處以爪牙之任。 又以迎魏孝武功，封鶉陰縣子，邑五百戶。 太祖常以所著鐵甲賜弘云：「天下若定，還將此甲示孤也。」 大統三年，轉帥都督，進爵為公。 從太祖復弘農，戰沙苑，解洛陽圍，破河橋陣，弘功居多，累蒙殊賞，賜姓紇幹氏。 尋授原州刺史。 以弘勳望兼至，故以衣錦榮之。 太祖在同州，文武並集，乃謂之曰：「人人如弘盡心，天下豈不早定。」 卽授車騎大將軍、儀同三司。 魏廢帝元年，加驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。
When Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai first took command of the army, Tian Hong asked for an audience, discussed current affairs, and was deeply taken into confidence and immediately placed in a trusted fighting role. Also for the merit of welcoming Emperor Xiaowu of Wei, he was enfeoffed Viscount of Chunyin county with a fief of five hundred households. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai often gave Tian Hong the iron armor he himself had worn, saying: "If the realm is settled, bring this armor back and show it to me." In the third year of Datong he was made area commander and raised to duke. He followed Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai in recovering Hongnong, fought at Shaye, lifted the siege of Luoyang, and broke the Heqiao line; Tian Hong's merit stood foremost. He received repeated special rewards and was granted the surname Hegegan. He was soon made governor of Yuan Province. Because Tian Hong's record and standing were both high, he was honored with a triumphant return to his home region. When Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai was at Tong Province with civil and military officials gathered, he told them: "If every man served as wholeheartedly as Tian Hong, would the realm not be settled already?" He was thereupon made grand general of chariots and cavalry and equal-in-three-departments. In the first year of Emperor Fei of Wei he was given the added ranks of grand general of fast cavalry and opening-office equal-in-three-departments.
32
平蜀之後，梁信州刺史蕭韶等各據所部，未從朝化，詔弘討平之。 又討西平叛羌及鳳州叛氐等，並破之。 弘每臨陣，摧鋒直前，身被一百餘箭，破骨者九，馬被十矟，朝廷壯之。 信州羣蠻反，又詔弘與賀若敦等平之。 孝閔帝踐阼，進爵鴈門郡公，邑通前二千七百戶。
After Shu was pacified, Liang Xizhou governor Xiao Shao and others still held their territories and had not accepted the court's rule; an edict ordered Tian Hong to suppress and pacify them. He also put down the rebel Qiang of Xiping and the rebel Di of Feng Province, defeating them all. Whenever Tian Hong entered battle he charged straight through the enemy van; his body took more than a hundred arrows, nine of them breaking bone, and his horse ten spears—the court admired him. When the tribes of Xin rebelled, an edict again ordered Tian Hong, with He Ruo Dun and others, to pacify them. When Emperor Xiaomin acceded, Tian Hong was raised to Duke of Yanmen Commandery with a combined fief of two thousand seven hundred households.
33
天和二年，陳湘州刺史華皎來附，弘從衛公直赴援。 與陳人戰，不利，仍以弘為江陵總管。 及陳將吳明徹來寇，弘與梁主蕭巋退保 （總） 〔紀〕南，令副總管高琳拒守，明徹退，乃還江陵。 尋以弘為仁壽城主，以逼宜陽。 齊將段孝先、斛律明月出軍定隴以為宜陽援，弘與陳公純破之，遂拔宜陽等九城。 以功增邑五百戶，進位柱國大將軍。
In the second year of Tianhe, Chen Xiangzhou governor Hua Jiao surrendered; Tian Hong followed Duke of Wei Yuwen Zhi to the relief. The battle with Chen went badly, but Tian Hong was nevertheless kept on as inspector-general of Jiangling. When Chen general Wu Mingche invaded, Tian Hong and Liang ruler Xiao Kui withdrew to hold [variant: Zong] Jinan, had deputy inspector-general Gao Lin hold the defense; Mingche withdrew, and they returned to Jiangling. Soon Tian Hong was made commandant of Renshou fortress to press Yiyang. Northern Qi generals Duan Xiaoxian and Hulü Mingyue marched from Dinglong to relieve Yiyang; Tian Hong and Duke of Chen Yuwen Chun defeated them and took nine cities, including Yiyang. For his merit his fief was increased by five hundred households and he was raised to pillar-of-state grand general.
34
子恭嗣。 少有名譽，早歷顯位。 大象末，位至柱國、小司馬。 朝廷又追錄弘勳，進恭爵觀國公。
His son Gong succeeded him. Gong had a fine reputation from youth and rose early to prominent posts. By the end of the Daxiang era he had reached pillar of state and lesser master of the horse. The court again recorded Tian Hong's achievements posthumously and raised Gong to Duke of Guan State.
35
梁椿字千年，代人也。 祖屈朱，魏昌平鎮將。 父提，內 （正） 郎。
Liang Chun, styled Qiannian, came from Dai. His grandfather Quzhu had been garrison commander of Changping under Wei. His father Ti served as inner [variant: zheng] attendant.
36
椿初以統軍從爾朱榮入洛，復從榮破葛榮於滏口，以軍功進授都將。 後從賀拔岳討平万俟醜奴、蕭寶夤等，遷中堅將軍、屯騎校尉、子都督。 普泰初，拜征西將軍、金紫光祿大夫。 二年，除高平郡守，封盧奴縣男，邑一百戶。 太昌元年，進授都督。 從太祖平侯莫陳悅，拜衛將軍、右光祿大夫。 大統初，進爵欒城縣伯，增邑五百戶。 出為隴東郡守。 尋進爵為公，增邑五百戶，遷梁州刺史。 從復弘農，戰沙苑，與獨孤信入洛陽，從宇文貴破東魏將堯雄等，累有戰功。 授車騎大將軍、儀同三司、大都督。 從戰河橋，進爵東平郡公，增邑一千戶。 俄遷侍中、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。 七年，從于謹討稽胡劉平伏，椿擒其別帥劉持塞。 又從獨孤信討岷州羌梁仚定，破之。 除清州刺史。 在州雖無他政績，而夷夏安之。 十三年，從李弼赴潁川援侯景。 別攻閻韓鎮，斬其鎮城徐衛。 城主卜貴洛率軍士千人降。 以功增邑四百戶。 孝閔帝踐阼，除華州刺史，改封清陵郡公，增邑通前三千七百戶。 二年，入為少保，轉少傅。 保定元年，拜大將軍。 卒於位。 贈恆鄜延丹寧五州諸軍事，行恆州刺史，諡曰烈。
Liang Chun first entered Luoyang as a commander under Erzhu Rong; he followed Rong again in the defeat of Ge Rong at Fekou and, for military merit, was promoted to division commandant. Later, under He Ba Yue, he helped suppress Wanqidu Chounu, Xiao Baoyin, and others; he was made general of the middle firm army, colonel of the garrison cavalry, and sub-area commander. At the beginning of Putai he was appointed general pacifying the west and grand master of the gold seal and purple ribbon. In the second year he was made administrator of Gaoping commandery and enfeoffed Baron of Lunu County with a fief of one hundred households. In the first year of Taichang he was promoted to area commander. After following Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai in defeating Houmochen Yue, he was made general of the guard and right grand master of splendid wealth. At the start of Datong he was raised to Earl of Luancheng County with five hundred additional households. He was sent out as administrator of Longdong commandery. He was soon raised to duke with five hundred more households and transferred to governor of Liang Province. He fought in the recovery of Hongnong and at Shaye, entered Luoyang with Dugu Xin, and under Yuwen Gui defeated Eastern Wei general Yao Xiong and others, earning repeated distinction in battle. He was appointed grand general of chariots and cavalry, equal-in-three-departments, and grand area commander. He fought at Heqiao and was raised to Duke of Dongping Commandery with one thousand additional households. He was soon transferred to palace attendant, grand general of fast cavalry, and opening-office equal-in-three-departments. In the seventh year he followed Yu Jin against the Ji Hu Liu Pingfu and captured Liu's lieutenant Liu Chisai. He again followed Dugu Xin against the Minzhou Qiang Liang Xianding and defeated him. He was made governor of Qing Province. In the province he had no other notable administrative record, yet barbarians and Chinese alike lived in peace. In the thirteenth year he followed Li Bi to Yingchuan to aid Hou Jing. On a separate attack he took Yanhan garrison and beheaded its commander Xu Wei. Garrison commander Bu Guiluo surrendered with one thousand soldiers. For his merit his fief was increased by four hundred households. When Emperor Xiaomin acceded, Liang Chun was made governor of Hua Province, given the title Duke of Qingling Commandery, and granted a combined fief of three thousand seven hundred households. In the second year he entered court as junior preceptor, then became junior tutor. In the first year of Baoding he was made grand general. He died in office. He was posthumously granted overall command of military affairs for Heng, Fen, Yan, Dan, and Ning provinces, with acting authority as governor of Heng, and given the posthumous title Lie.
37
椿性果毅，善於撫納，所獲賞物，分賜麾下，故每踐敵場，咸得其死力。 雅好儉素，不營貲產，時論以此稱焉。
Liang Chun was resolute by nature and skilled at winning men over; he shared every reward with his subordinates, so on every battlefield they fought to the death for him. He lived plainly by choice and amassed no wealth, and men of the age praised him for it.
38
子明，魏恭帝二年，以椿功襲爵豐陽縣公。 尋授大都督，遷車騎大將軍、儀同三司、散騎常侍，治小吏部，歷小御伯、御正下大夫。 保定五年，詔襲椿爵，舊封回授弟朗。 天和中，改封樂陵郡公，除上州刺史，增邑幷前四千三百戶。
His son Ming—in the second year of Emperor Gong of Wei—inherited the title Duke of Fengyang County for Liang Chun's service. He was soon made grand area commander, then grand general of chariots and cavalry, equal-in-three-departments, and scattered cavalry regular attendant; he directed the lesser department of personnel and served as lesser chief of the imperial guard and assistant director under the imperial rectifier. In the fifth year of Baoding an edict ordered him to inherit Liang Chun's title; the old enfeoffment was returned and given to his younger brother Lang. During Tianhe his title was changed to Duke of Leiling Commandery, he was made governor of Shang Province, and his combined fief rose to four thousand three hundred households.
39
梁臺字洛都，長池人也。 父去斤，魏獻文時為隴西郡守。
Liang Tai, styled Luodu, came from Changchi. His father Qujin had served as administrator of Longxi commandery under Emperor Xianwen of Wei.
40
臺少果敢，有志操。 孝昌中，從爾朱天光討平關、隴，一歲之中，大小二十餘戰，以功授子都督，賜爵隴城鄉男。 普泰初，進授都督。 後隸侯莫陳悅討南秦州羣盜，平之。 悅表臺為假節、衛將軍、左光祿大夫，進封隴城縣男，邑二百戶。 尋行天水郡事，轉行趙平郡事。 頻治郡，頗有聲績。 未幾，天光追臺還，引入帳內。 及天光敗於寒陵，賀拔岳又引為心膂。
Liang Tai was bold and resolute from youth, with firm purpose and character. During Xiaochang he followed Erzhu Tianguang in pacifying Guan and Long; within one year he fought more than twenty engagements large and small, was made sub-area commander, and enfeoffed Baron of Longcheng Township. At the beginning of Putai he was promoted to area commander. Later, under Houmochen Yue, he helped suppress the bandits of South Qinzhou and pacified them. Yue memorialized for Liang Tai to receive provisional credentials as general of the guard and left grand master of splendid wealth, and for his enfeoffment to be advanced to Baron of Longcheng County with two hundred households. He soon acted as administrator of Tianshui commandery, then of Zhaoping commandery. Serving repeatedly as commandery administrator, he won a solid reputation. Before long Erzhu Tianguang recalled Liang Tai and brought him into his inner tent. When Tianguang was defeated at Hanling, He Ba Yue again drew Liang Tai close as a trusted aide.
41
岳為侯莫陳悅所害，臺與諸將議翊戴太祖。 從討悅，破之。 又拜天水郡守。 大統初，復除趙平郡守。 又與太僕石猛破兩山屠各，詔增邑一百戶，轉平涼郡守。 時莫折後熾結聚輕剽，寇掠居民。 州刺史史寧討之，歷時不克。 臺陳賊形勢，兼論攻取之策，寧善而從之，遂破賊徒。 復與于謹破劉平伏。 錄前後勳，授潁州刺史，賜姓賀蘭氏。 從援玉壁，戰邙山，授帥都督。 大統十五年，拜南夏州刺史，加通直散騎常侍、本州大中正，增邑二百戶。 魏廢帝二年，遷使持節、車騎大將軍、儀同三司，進驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，加侍中。
After Houmochen Yue murdered He Ba Yue, Liang Tai and the other generals deliberated on raising Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai to command. He followed in the campaign against Houmochen Yue and defeated him. He was again appointed administrator of Tianshui commandery. At the start of Datong he was again made administrator of Zhaoping commandery. He again joined Grand Mentor Shi Meng in defeating the Two Mountains Tuge; an edict added one hundred households to his fief and transferred him to administrator of Pingliang commandery. At the time Moqi Houji gathered light raiders and plundered the people. Provincial governor Shi Ning attacked him but could not overcome him for a long while. Liang Tai analyzed the bandits' situation and laid out a plan of attack; Shi Ning approved and followed it, and they broke the bandits. He again joined Yu Jin in defeating Liu Pingfu. His accumulated service won him appointment as governor of Ying Province and the grant of the surname Helan. He followed the relief of Yubi, fought at Mount Mang, and was made area commander. In the fifteenth year of Datong he was made governor of South Xia Province, given unembellished regular attendant of the scattered cavalry and chief rectifier of the province, and granted two hundred additional households. In the second year of Emperor Fei of Wei he was made commissioner with credentials, grand general of chariots and cavalry and equal-in-three-departments, then grand general of fast cavalry and opening-office equal-in-three-departments, with palace attendant added.
42
孝閔帝踐阼，進爵中部縣公，增邑通前一千戶。 武成中，從賀蘭祥征洮陽，先登有功，別封綏安縣侯，邑一千戶。 詔聽轉授其子元慶。
When Emperor Xiaomin acceded, he was raised to Duke of Middle Commandery County with a combined fief of one thousand households. During Wucheng he followed Helan Xiang against Taoyang, was first over the wall, and was separately enfeoffed Marquis of Suian County with one thousand households. An edict permitted the title to be transferred to his son Yuanqing.
43
保定四年，拜大將軍。 時大軍圍洛陽，久而不拔。 齊騎奄至，齊公憲率兵禦之。 乃有數人為敵所執，已去陣二百餘步，臺望見之，憤怒，單馬突入，射殺兩人，敵皆披靡，執者遂得還。 齊公憲每歎曰：「梁臺果毅膽決，不可及也。」 五年，拜鄜州刺史。
In the fourth year of Baoding he was made grand general. At the time the main army besieged Luoyang and could not take it for a long while. Northern Qi cavalry suddenly arrived; Duke of Qi Yuwen Xian led troops to repulse them. Several men were then seized by the enemy more than two hundred paces from the line; Liang Tai saw it, flew into a rage, and charged in alone on horseback, shooting two men dead; the enemy scattered, and the captives got back safely. Duke of Qi Yuwen Xian often sighed and said: "Liang Tai is bold and resolute beyond compare." In the fifth year Liang Tai was made governor of Fen Province.
44
臺性疏通，恕己待物。 至於蒞民處政，尤以仁愛為心。 不過識千餘字，口占書啟，辭意可觀。 年過六十，猶能被甲跨馬，足不躡鐙。 馳射弋獵，矢不虛發。 後以疾卒。
Liang Tai was open and easy by nature, strict with himself and generous toward others. In governing the people he above all kept benevolence at heart. He knew barely a thousand characters, yet dictating letters and memorials he produced respectable prose. Past sixty he could still don armor and mount a horse without touching the stirrups. Galloping, shooting, and hunting, his arrows never missed. Later Liang Tai died of illness.
45
宇文測字澄鏡，太祖之族子也。 高祖中山、曾祖豆頹、祖騏驎、父永，仕魏，位並顯達。
Yuwen Ce, styled Chengjing, was a kinsman of Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai. His forebears—Zhongshan, Doutui, Qilin, and his father Yong—had all served Northern Wei and risen to distinction.
46
測性沉密，少篤學，每旬月不窺戶牖。 起家奉朝請、殿中侍御史，累遷司徒右長史、安東將軍。 尚宣武女陽平公主，拜駙馬都尉。 及魏孝武疑齊神武有異圖，詔測詣太祖言，令密為之備。 太祖見之甚歡。 使還，封廣川縣伯，邑五百戶。 尋從孝武西遷，進爵為公。
Yuwen Ce was grave and reserved by nature; as a youth he studied intensely, sometimes going a month without leaving his study. He entered service as attendant at court and palace attendant censor, then rose to right chief clerk of the Minister over the Masses and General Pacifying the East. He married Princess Yangping, daughter of Emperor Xuanwu, and was made commandant of horse guards consort. When Emperor Xiaowu suspected Gao Huan of disloyal intent, he ordered Yuwen Ce to visit Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai and ask him to prepare in secret. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai was delighted to receive him. When he returned, Yuwen Ce was enfeoffed Baron of Guangchuan with five hundred households. He soon followed the emperor west and was raised to duke.
47
太祖為丞相，以測為右長史，軍國政事，多委任之。 又令測詳定宗室昭穆遠近，附於屬籍。 除通直散騎常侍、黃門侍郎。
When Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai became chancellor, he made Yuwen Ce right chief clerk and entrusted him with much of military and civil administration. He also put Yuwen Ce in charge of sorting the imperial clan by seniority and distance and entering them in the genealogy. He was appointed supervising cavalier attendant and gentleman at the Yellow Gate.
48
大統四年，拜侍中、長史。 六年，坐事免。 尋除使持節、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、大都督、行汾州事。 測政存簡惠，頗得民和。 地接東魏，數相鈔竊，或有獲其為寇者，多縛送之。 測皆命解縛，置之賓館，然後引與相見，如客禮焉。 仍設酒肴宴勞，放還其國，並給糧餼，衛送出境。 自是東魏人大慚，乃不為寇。 汾、晉之間，各安其業。 兩界之民，遂通慶吊，不復為仇讐矣。 時論稱之，方于羊叔子。 或有告測與外境交通，懷貳心者。 太祖怒曰：「測為我安邊，吾知其無貳志，何為間我骨肉，生此貝錦！」 乃命斬之。 仍許測以便宜從事。
In Datong 4 (538) he was made palace attendant and chief clerk. In the sixth year he was dismissed for an offense. Soon after he was appointed bearer of the staff, fast cavalry grand general, opening-office equal-in-three-departments, grand commander, with acting charge of Fen Province. Yuwen Ce governed with simplicity and kindness and won the people to him. The province bordered Eastern Wei, where cross-border theft was frequent. Captured raiders were often bound and sent to Yuwen Ce. Yuwen Ce always had their bonds cut, lodged them as guests, and only then received them with full courtesy. He then feasted them, sent them home with grain and provisions, and had them escorted safely across the border. Thereafter the Eastern Wei people were ashamed and stopped raiding. People on both sides of the Fen and Jin districts returned to their occupations. Border folk began to exchange congratulations and condolences and ceased to be enemies. Contemporary opinion praised him and ranked him with Yang Hu. Someone reported that Yuwen Ce was dealing with the enemy and harbored disloyal intent. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai raged: "Yuwen Ce holds my frontier—I know his heart is loyal. Who would drive a wedge between my own kin and weave this calumny!" He had the accuser executed. He still allowed Yuwen Ce full discretion.
49
八年，加金紫光祿大夫，轉行綏州事。 每歲河冰合後，突厥卽來寇掠，先是常預遣居民入城堡以避之。 測至，皆令安堵如舊。 乃於要路數百處並多積柴，仍遠斥候，知其動靜。 是年十二月，突厥從連穀入寇，去界數十裏。 測命積柴之處，一時縱火。 突厥謂有大軍至，懼而遁走，自相蹂踐，委棄雜畜及輜重不可勝數。 測徐率所部收之，分給百姓。 自是突厥不敢復至。 測因請置戍兵以備之。
In the eighth year he was given golden grand master of splendor and transferred to acting charge of Sui Province. Each year after the Yellow River froze, Turks came raiding. Before Yuwen Ce arrived, people were routinely evacuated into fortified towns. When Yuwen Ce arrived, he let everyone stay at home as usual. He stacked firewood at hundreds of key points along the roads and posted scouts far out to watch enemy movements. In the twelfth month that year the Turks invaded through Liangu, coming within several tens of li of the border. Yuwen Ce ordered all the firewood piles set ablaze at once. The Turks thought a great army had arrived, fled in panic, trampled one another, and abandoned countless livestock and supplies. Yuwen Ce calmly collected the abandoned goods and distributed them among the people. After that the Turks did not dare return. Yuwen Ce then asked that garrison troops be posted as a permanent defense.
50
十年，徵拜太子少保。 十二年十月，卒于位，時年五十八。 太祖傷悼，親臨慟焉。 仍令水池公護監護喪事。 贈本官，諡曰靖。
In the tenth year he was recalled and made junior preceptor to the crown prince. In the tenth month of the twelfth year he died in office at fifty-eight. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai mourned deeply and came in person to grieve. He put Yuwen Hu, Duke of Chishui, in charge of the funeral. He was posthumously confirmed in his rank; his posthumous name was Jing (Tranquil).
51
測性仁恕，好施與，衣食之外，家無蓄積。 在洛陽之日，曾被竊盜，所失物，卽其妻陽平公主之衣服也。 州縣擒盜，幷物俱獲。 測恐此盜坐之以死，乃不認焉。 遂遇赦得免。 盜旣感恩，因請為測左右。 及測從魏孝武西遷，事極狼狽，此人亦從測入關，竟無異志。 子該嗣。 歷官內外，位至上開府儀同三司、臨淄縣公。 測弟深。
Yuwen Ce was benevolent and forgiving and generous by nature; apart from food and clothing his household kept no surplus. While living in Luoyang he was once robbed of clothing belonging to his wife, Princess Yangping. The thief was caught and the stolen goods recovered. Yuwen Ce feared the thief would be sentenced to death if the goods were identified, so he would not claim them. The thief was spared when an amnesty came. Grateful, the thief asked to serve as Yuwen Ce's attendant. When Yuwen Ce followed Emperor Xiaowu's westward flight in chaos, this man followed him through the passes and stayed loyal to the end. His son Gai succeeded him. He served at court and in the provinces, rising to upper opening-office equal-in-three-departments and Duke of Linzi. Yuwen Ce's younger brother was Yuwen Shen.
52
深字奴干。 性鯁正，有器局。 年數歲，便累石為營伍，幷折草作旌旗，佈置行列，皆有軍陣之勢。 父永遇見之，乃大喜曰：「汝自然知此，於後必為名將。」
Yuwen Shen, styled Nugan. He was upright and principled by nature, with breadth of vision. As a small child he stacked stones into camps, fashioned grass into banners, and drew up ranks with the look of a real formation. His father Yong saw it and said in delight: "You take to this by nature—you will be a famous general someday."
53
至永安初，起家秘書郎。 時羣盜蜂起，深屢言時事，爾朱榮雅知重之。 拜厲武將軍。 尋除車騎府主簿。 三年，授子都督，領宿衛兵卒。 及齊神武舉兵入洛，孝武西遷。 旣事起倉卒，人多逃散，深撫循所部，並得入關。 以功賜爵長樂縣伯。
At the start of the Yongan era he entered service as secretary gentleman. When banditry flared everywhere, Yuwen Shen spoke often on public affairs and Erzhu Rong came to value him. He was made general of fearsome martiality. He soon became chief clerk of the chariots and cavalry office. In the third year he was made commander of guards and put over the palace guard. When Gao Huan marched on Luoyang and Emperor Xiaowu fled west, the crisis came suddenly and men scattered; Yuwen Shen kept his command together and brought them all through the passes. For this merit he was enfeoffed Baron of Changle.
54
太祖以深有謀略，欲引致左右，圖議政事。 大統元年，乃啟為丞相府主簿，加朱衣直合。 尋轉尚書直事郎中。
Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai, finding Yuwen Shen resourceful, wanted him near at hand to deliberate on state affairs. In Datong 1 (535) he was made chief clerk of the chancellor's office and given red-robed direct attendancy. He soon moved on to direct-affairs gentleman in the Masters of Writing.
55
及齊神武屯蒲阪，分遣其將竇泰趣潼關，高敖曹圍洛 （陽） 〔州〕。 太祖將襲泰，諸將咸難之。 太祖乃隱其事，陽若未有謀者，而獨問策於深。 對曰：「竇氏，歡之驍將也，頑凶而勇，戰亟勝而輕敵，歡每仗之，以為禦侮。 今者大軍若就蒲阪，則高歡拒守，竇泰必援之，內外受敵，取敗之道也。 不如選輕銳之卒，潛出小關。 竇性躁急，必來決戰，高歡持重，未卽救之，則竇可擒也。 旣虜竇氏，歡勢自沮。 回師禦之，可以制勝。」 太祖喜曰：「是吾心也。」 軍遂行，果獲泰而齊神武亦退。 深又說太祖進取弘農，復克之。 太祖大悅，謂深曰：「君卽吾家之陳平也。」
When Gao Huan encamped at Puban he sent Dou Tai toward Tong Pass while Gao Aocao besieged Luo [variant: Yang] [Prefecture]. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai planned a surprise attack on Dou Tai, but the generals all opposed it. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai hid his plan, feigning indecision, and consulted Yuwen Shen alone. He answered: "Dou Tai is Gao Huan's fiercest general—brutal, brave, and quick to win, yet prone to underestimate the foe. Gao Huan trusts him as his shield. If our main force moves on Puban, Gao Huan will stand on the defensive and Dou Tai will come to his aid—we would face enemies on two fronts and invite defeat. Better to take elite light troops and slip out through Xiao Pass. Dou Tai is hot-tempered and will come out to fight. Gao Huan is cautious and will not rescue him at once—we can take Dou Tai. Once Dou Tai is taken, Gao Huan's spirit will break. Turn back and meet Gao Huan—you can win." Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai said gladly: "That is exactly my thought." The army marched, Dou Tai was taken, and Gao Huan withdrew. Yuwen Shen also urged an advance on Hongnong, which was taken again. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai was delighted and told Yuwen Shen: "You are our own Chen Ping."
56
是冬，齊神武又率大衆度河涉洛，至於沙苑。 諸將皆有懼色，唯深獨賀。 太祖詰之，曰：「賊來充斥，何賀之有？」 對曰：「高歡之撫河北，甚得衆心，雖乏智謀，人皆用命，以此自守，未易可圖。 今懸師度河，非衆所欲，唯歡恥失竇氏，愎諫而來。 所謂忿兵，一戰可以擒也。 此事昭然可見，不賀何為。 請假深一節，發王羆之兵，邀其走路，使無遺類矣。」 太祖然之。 尋而大破齊神武軍，如深所策。
That winter Gao Huan led a great army across the Yellow River and the Luo to Shayuan. The generals looked afraid; Yuwen Shen alone offered congratulations. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai challenged him: "The enemy swarms upon us—what is there to celebrate?" He answered: "Gao Huan rules Hebei with great loyalty from his people. Though no great strategist, his men obey him absolutely—defending home ground he is hard to defeat. But he has crossed the river with his whole army against his men's wishes—Gao Huan comes only because he cannot bear the loss of Dou Tai and refused good counsel. This is an army driven by rage; one battle will bring them down. That is plain enough—why would I not celebrate? Give me command of a detachment and Wang Pi's troops to cut off their retreat, and not one of them will escape." Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai agreed. Soon Gao Huan's army was routed, just as Yuwen Shen had foretold.
57
四年，從戰河橋。 六年，別監李弼軍討白額稽胡，並有戰功。 俄進爵為侯，曆通直散騎常侍、東雍州別駕、使持節、大都督、東雍州刺史。 深為政嚴明，示民以信，抑挫豪右，吏民懷之。 十七年，入為雍州別駕。 魏恭帝二年，進車騎大將軍、儀同三司、散騎常侍。 六官建，拜小吏部下大夫。
In the fourth year he fought at Heqiao. In the sixth year he oversaw Li Bi's campaign against the White-Browed Qihu and won distinction in both. He was soon raised to marquis and served in succession as supervising cavalier attendant, vice governor of Eastern Yongzhou, bearer of the staff, grand commander, and governor of Eastern Yongzhou. Yuwen Shen governed with strict fairness, built trust with the people, and reined in the local power-holders, winning officials and commoners alike. In the seventeenth year he entered court as vice governor of Yong Province. In the second year of Emperor Gong of Wei he was made grand general of chariots and cavalry, equal-in-three-departments, and cavalier attendant. When the six-office system was introduced, he was made lesser clerk of the Ministry of Clerks.
58
孝閔帝受襌，進位驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，遷吏部中大夫。 武成元年，除 （幽） 〔豳〕州刺史，改封安化縣公。 二年，征拜宗師大夫，轉軍司馬。 保定初，除京兆尹。 入為司會中大夫。
When Emperor Xiaomin succeeded, Yuwen Shen was raised to Grand General of Fast Cavalry and Opening Office Equal in Three Departments, and made middle grand master of the Ministry of Personnel. In the first year of Wucheng he was made governor of [variant: You] Bin Province, and was re-enfeoffed as Duke of Anhua. In the second year he was recalled as grand master of the imperial clan, then transferred as army marshal. At the beginning of Baoding he was made metropolitan governor of Jingzhao. He returned to court as middle grand master director of accounts.
59
深少喪父，事兄甚謹。 性多奇譎，好讀兵書。 旣在近侍，每進籌策。 及在選曹，頗獲時譽。 性仁愛，情隆宗黨。 從弟神 （譽） 〔舉〕、神慶幼孤，深撫訓之，義均同氣，世亦以此稱焉。 天和三年，卒於位。 贈使持節、少師、恆雲蔚三州刺史，諡曰成康。 子孝伯，自有傳。
Yuwen Shen lost his father as a boy and served his elder brother Yuwen Ce with scrupulous devotion. Inventive and cunning by nature, he loved military treatises. Once at the sovereign's side, he often offered strategic counsel. In the Selection Bureau he won considerable contemporary esteem. Kind by nature, he cherished his clan deeply. His younger cousins Shen [variant: Yu] Shen Ju and Shen Qing were orphaned as boys; Yuwen Shen reared and taught them as if they were full brothers, and the age praised him for it. In the third year of Tianhe he died in office. He was posthumously made bearer of the staff, junior preceptor, and governor of Heng, Yun, and Wei provinces, with the posthumous title Chengkang. His son Yuwen Xiaobo has a separate biography.
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史臣曰：太祖屬禍亂之辰，以征伐定海內，大則連兵百萬，系以存亡，小則轉戰邊亭，不闋旬月。 是以人無少長，士無賢愚，莫不投筆要功，橫戈請奮。 若夫數將者，並攀翼雲漢，底績屯夷，雖運移年世，而名成終始，美矣哉！ 以赫連達之先識，而加之以仁恕； 蔡祐之敢勇，而終之以不伐。 斯豈企及所致乎，抑亦天性也。 宇文測昆季，政績謀猷，咸有可述，其當時之良臣歟。
The historiographer writes: Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai rose in an age of chaos and, through conquest, pacified the realm—great campaigns marshaled a million men with the fate of the state at stake, while lesser fights raged at border outposts month after month without letup. Young and old, worthy and simple alike cast aside the brush to win glory and grasped spear to volunteer for battle. These commanders all rose to wing the heavens, establishing merit in a time of upheaval; though years passed and fortunes turned, their fame endured from first to last—how splendid! He Lianda had foresight, tempered with kindness and forbearance; Cai You had daring courage, yet never boasted of it. Were these qualities achieved only by effort? In part—but also by native character. Yuwen Ce and his brothers left records of governance and strategy worth telling—they were among the finest ministers of their day.
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全文以中華書局、一九七一年十一月版《周書》為本校。
This text was collated against the Zhonghua Shuju edition of the 《Book of Zhou》 (November 1971).