1
史寧陸騰賀若敦權景宣
Shi Ning; Lu Teng; He Ruodun; Quan Jingxuan
2
史寧字永和，建康 （袁） 〔表〕氏人也。 曾祖豫，仕沮渠氏為臨松令。 魏平涼州，祖灌隨例遷於撫寧鎮，因家焉。 父遵，初為征虜府鎧曹參軍。 屬杜洛周構逆，六鎮自相屠陷，遵遂率鄉里二千家奔恆州。 其後恆州為賊所敗，遵復歸洛陽。 拜樓煩郡守。 及寧著勳，追贈散騎常侍、征西大將軍、涼州刺史，諡曰貞。
Shi Ning, styled Yonghe, came from Jiankang [Textual note: Yuan] He was a man of the Yuan clan. His great-grandfather Yu had served the Juqu as magistrate of Linsong. After Wei pacified Liangzhou, his grandfather Guan was relocated with the others to Funing Garrison, where the family made its home. His father Zun began as armor-bureau adjutant in the Pacification of Barbarians headquarters. When Du Luozhou rebelled and the six garrisons fell into mutual slaughter, Zun led two thousand local households to Heng Province. Later, when bandits overran Heng Province, Zun fled back to Luoyang. He was made prefect of Loufan Commandery. After Ning won distinction, Zun was posthumously honored as Regular Attendant-in-Ordinary, General Who Conquers the West, and Inspector of Liang Province, with the posthumous name Zhen.
3
寧少以軍功，拜別將。 遷直閣將軍、都督，宿衛禁中。 尋加持節、征東將軍、金紫光祿大夫。 賀拔勝為荊州刺史，寧以本官為勝軍司，率步騎一千，隨勝之部。 值荊蠻騷動，三鵶路絕，寧先驅平之。 因撫慰蠻左，翕然降附，遂稅得馬一千五百匹供軍。 尋除南郢州刺史。 及勝為大行臺，表寧為大都督。 率步騎一萬攻梁下溠戍，破之，封武平縣伯，邑五百戶。 又攻拔梁齊興鎮等九城，獲戶二萬而還。 未及論功，屬魏孝武西遷，東魏遣侯景率衆寇荊州，寧隨勝奔梁。 梁武帝引寧至香磴前，謂之曰：「觀卿風表，終至富貴，我當使卿衣錦還。」 寧答曰：「臣世荷魏恩，位為列將，天長喪亂，本朝傾覆，不能北面逆賊，幸得息肩有道。 儻如明詔，欣幸實多。」 因涕泣橫流，梁武為之動容。 在梁二年，勝乃與寧密圖歸計。 寧曰：「朱异旣為梁主所信任，請往見之。」 勝然其言。 寧乃見异，申以投分之言，微托思歸之意，辭氣雅至。 异亦嗟挹，謂寧曰：「桑梓之思，其可忘懷？ 當為奏聞，必望遂所請耳。」 未幾，梁主果許勝等歸。
In his youth Ning earned a separate command through battlefield service. He rose to Direct Palace General and area commander, posted to guard the inner palace. Soon he also received the staff of authority, the title General Who Conquers the East, and the rank Golden Grandee of the Purple Dawn. When Heba Sheng became inspector of Jing, Ning stayed in his post as Sheng's army marshal at the head of a thousand foot and horse. When the Jing tribes rose and the Sanya route was blocked, Ning led the vanguard and restored order. He then pacified the tribal levies on the left, who submitted as one, and raised fifteen hundred horses for the army. He was soon appointed inspector of Nan'e. When Sheng became grand commissioner, he recommended Ning as grand area commander. He led ten thousand foot and horse against the Liang garrison at Xiachi, took it, and was enfeoffed Baron of Wuping with five hundred households. He also captured nine Liang posts, including Qixing Garrison, and brought back twenty thousand households. Before honors were settled, Emperor Xiaowu of Wei fled west while Eastern Wei sent Hou Jing against Jing; Ning followed Sheng into Liang territory. Emperor Wu of Liang received Ning before the incense altar and said, "Your bearing promises wealth and rank; I mean to send you home in brocade." Ning answered, "My family has long owed Wei; I hold a commander's commission. Heaven prolongs the turmoil and our dynasty lies in ruins—I cannot face north to serve the rebel. It is already fortune to find rest under a righteous sovereign. If your gracious command allows it, my joy would be beyond measure." Tears ran down his face, and Emperor Wu was moved. After two years in Liang, Sheng and Ning secretly planned their return. Ning said, "Zhu Yi enjoys the Liang ruler's trust—let me visit him." Sheng agreed. Ning sought out Yi, spoke of their shared past, and hinted at his wish to go home in language of the finest courtesy. Yi sighed with respect and told Ning, "Love of one's native place—who could forget it? I will report upward for you; your wish should surely be granted." Before long the Liang emperor allowed Sheng and his party to leave.
4
大統二年，寧自梁歸闕，進爵為侯，增邑三百戶。 久之，遷車騎將軍、行涇州事。 時賊帥莫折後熾寇掠居民，寧率州兵與行原州事李賢討破之。 轉通直散騎常侍、東義州刺史。 東魏亦以故胡梨苟為東義州刺史。 寧僅得入州，梨苟亦至，寧迎擊，破之，斬其洛安郡守馮善道。 州旣鄰接疆埸，百姓流移，寧留心撫慰，咸來復業。
In Datong year 2 Ning came back from Liang, was raised to marquis, and gained three hundred more households in his fief. After some time he became General of the Chariots and Cavalry and acted as administrator of Jing. When the rebel chief Mozhe Houji was plundering the countryside, Ning and Li Xian, acting administrator of Yuan, routed him with provincial forces. He was made Regular Attendant of Unimpeded Access and inspector of Eastern Yi. Eastern Wei likewise named the former Hu Ligo inspector of Eastern Yi. Ning had scarcely taken the prefecture when Ligo appeared; Ning met and broke him, beheading his Lu'an commandery chief Feng Shandao. The prefecture lay on the border and the people had fled; Ning worked to reassure them until they returned to their fields.
5
十二年，轉涼州刺史。 寧未至而前刺史宇文仲和據州作亂。 詔遣獨孤信率兵與寧討之，寧先至涼州，為陳禍福，城中吏民皆相率降附。 仲和仍據城不下，尋亦克之。 加車騎大將軍、儀同三司、大都督、涼西涼二州諸軍事、散騎常侍、涼州刺史。 十五年，遷驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，加侍中，進爵為公。
In year 12 he was transferred to inspector of Liang. Before Ning arrived, the outgoing inspector Yuwen Zhonghe held the province in revolt. An edict sent Dugu Xin with an army; Ning reached Liang first, laid out the stakes, and the officials and people of the city submitted one after another. Zhonghe still held the walls, but was soon captured. He received the titles Grand General of the Chariots and Cavalry, Equal in Honor to the Three Dukes, and grand area commander over Liang and Western Liang, with Regular Attendant-in-Ordinary and inspector of Liang. In year 15 he became General of Agile Cavalry and Grand Master of the Palace with Three-Duke honors, was made attendant-in-ordinary, and advanced to duke.
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十六年，宕昌叛羌獠甘作亂，逐其王彌定而自立，幷連結傍乞鐵怱及鄭五醜等，詔寧率軍與宇文貴、豆盧寧等討之。 寧別擊獠甘，而山路險阻，纔通單騎，獠甘已分其黨立柵守險。 寧進兵攻之，遂破其柵。 獠甘率三萬人逆戰，寧復大破之，追奔至宕昌。 獠甘將百騎走投生羌鞏廉玉。 彌定遂得復位。 寧以未獲獠甘，密欲圖之，乃揚聲欲還。 獠甘聞之，復招引叛羌，依山起柵，欲攻彌定。 寧謂諸將曰：「此羌入吾術中，當進兵擒之耳。」 諸將思歸，咸曰：「生羌聚散無常，依據山谷，今若追討，恐引日無成。 且彌定還得守蕃，將軍功已立矣。 獠甘勢弱，彌定足能制之。 以此還師，策之上者。」 寧曰：「一日縱敵，數世之患，豈可舍將滅之寇，更煩再舉。 人臣之禮，知無不為。 以此諸君不足與計事也。 如更沮衆，寧豈不能斬諸君邪！」 遂進軍，獠甘衆亦至，與戰，大破之，生獲獠甘，狥而斬之。 幷執鞏廉玉送闕。 所得軍實，悉分賞將士，寧無私焉。 師還，詔寧率所部鎮河陽。 寧先在涼州，戎夷服其威惠，遷鎮之後，邊民並思慕之。
In year 16 the rebel Qiang and Liao of Dangchang, Liaogan, expelled King Mideng and seized power, allying with Qie Tiecang and Zheng Wuchou nearby; Ning was ordered out with Yuwen Gui, Dou Lu Ning, and others. Ning struck at Liaogan on a separate route; the trail allowed only single file, yet Liaogan had already split his men to fortify the heights. Ning pressed the attack and broke the stockades. Liaogan met him with thirty thousand men; Ning defeated him again and chased the fugitives to Dangchang. Liaogan fled with a hundred riders to the raw Qiang chief Gong Lianyu. Mideng was restored to his throne. Liaogan still at large, Ning feigned a withdrawal. Hearing this, Liaogan rallied rebel Qiang, fortified the hills, and prepared to strike Mideng. Ning told his officers, "These Qiang have walked into my trap—we should advance and take them." The officers, eager to go home, objected: "The raw Qiang come and go at will along the ravines; pursuit may drag on without end. Mideng is back on his throne guarding the tribes; your merit is already made. Liaogan is weak; Mideng can handle him. Withdraw now—that is the superior plan." Ning said, "Spare an enemy for a day and your heirs pay for generations. How leave a foe about to perish and campaign again? A subject serves by doing what must be done. You are not fit to counsel on this matter. Obstruct me again and I will behead every one of you!" He marched on; Liaogan came out, was shattered, taken alive, and executed as a warning. He seized Gong Lianyu as well and sent him to the capital. He divided all captured goods among the troops and kept nothing for himself. On the army's return he was ordered to garrison Heyang with his command. In Liang Province the tribes had submitted to his authority and grace; after he left the border people missed him.
7
時突厥木汗可汗假道涼州，將襲吐渾，太祖令寧率騎隨之。 軍至番禾，吐渾已覺，奔於南山。 木汗將分兵追之，令俱會於青海。 寧謂木汗曰：「樹敦、賀真二城，是吐渾巢穴。 今若拔其本根，餘種自然離散，此上策也。」 木汗從之，卽分為兩軍。 木汗從北道向賀真，寧趣樹敦。 渾娑周國王率衆逆戰，寧擊斬之。 踰山履險，遂至樹敦。 敦是渾之舊都，多諸珍藏。 而渾主先已奔賀真，留其征南王及數千人固守。 寧進兵攻之，退，渾人果開門逐之，因回兵奮擊，門未及闔，寧兵遂得入。 生獲其征南王，俘虜男女、財寶，盡歸諸突厥。 渾賀羅拔王依險為柵，周回五十餘里，欲塞寧路。 寧攻其柵，破之，俘斬萬計，獲雜畜數萬頭。 木汗亦破賀真，虜渾主妻子，大獲珍物。 寧還軍於青海，與木汗會。 木汗握寧手，歎其勇決，幷遺所乘良馬，令寧於帳前乘之，木汗親自步送。 突厥以寧所圖必破，皆畏憚之，咸曰：「此中國神智人也。」 及將班師，木汗又遺寧奴婢一百口、馬五百匹、羊一萬口。 寧乃還州。 尋被徵入朝，屬太祖崩，寧悲慟不已，乃請赴陵所盡哀，幷告行師克捷。
When the Türk qaghan Muhan asked passage through Liang to attack Tuyuhun, Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai ordered Ning to follow with cavalry. At Fanhe the Tuyuhun had already sensed them and fled into the southern hills. Muhan meant to split his forces in pursuit and rendezvous at Qinghai. Ning told Muhan, "Shudun and Hezhen are the Tuyuhun heartland. Strike the root and the rest will scatter of themselves—that is the best plan." Muhan agreed and split his force in two. Muhan took the northern road toward Hezhen while Ning hurried to Shudun. The Suozhou king of Tuyuhun met him in force; Ning killed him in battle. He crossed mountains and dangerous ground until he reached Shudun. Shudun was the old capital, rich in stored treasure. The Tuyuhun king had already fled to Hezhen, leaving his Prince Who Conquers the South with a few thousand men to hold the city. Ning attacked, then feigned retreat; the defenders opened the gates to chase him, and he wheeled back so hard the gates never shut—his men poured in. He captured the Prince Who Conquers the South alive; people and plunder all passed to the Türks. King Heluoba of Tuyuhun fortified a fifty-li stockade in the defiles to block Ning's path. Ning stormed the stockade, killed tens of thousands, and took tens of thousands of mixed livestock. Muhan likewise took Hezhen, seized the Tuyuhun king's family, and won great treasure. Ning marched back to Qinghai and joined Muhan. Muhan took his hand, praised his daring, gave him his own fine horse, had him mount before the tent, and walked beside him as escort. The Türks, seeing his plans always succeed, feared him and said, "This Chinese man has the wisdom of a god." As the army withdrew, Muhan gave him a hundred slaves, five hundred horses, and ten thousand sheep. Ning then returned to his post. Soon he was called to court; when Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai died, Ning mourned deeply, asked to mourn at the tomb, and reported his victories in the field.
8
孝閔帝踐阼，拜小司徒，出為荊襄淅郢等五十二州及江陵鎮防諸軍事、荊州刺史。 寧有識畫，諳兵權，臨敵指撝，皆如其策，甚得當時之譽。 及在荊州，頗自奢縱貪濁，不修法度。 嘗出，有人訴州佐曲法，寧還付被訟者治之。 自是有事者不復敢言，聲名大損於西州。 保定三年，卒於州。 諡曰烈。 子雄嗣。
When Emperor Xiaomin succeeded, Ning became Lesser Minister of Works and commander over fifty-two prefectures including Jing, Xiang, and Xi, with Jiangling and the inspectorate of Jing. He had strategic vision and grasp of command; in battle his orders matched his plans, and his fame stood high in his day. In Jing he grew extravagant and corrupt and let the law slide. Once, when someone complained that a provincial aide had broken the law, Ning returned the complainant to the accused for punishment. After that no one dared bring a grievance, and his name suffered greatly in the west. In Baoding year 3 he died in office. His posthumous name was Lie. His son Xiong succeeded him.
9
雄字世武。 少勇敢，膂力過人，便弓馬，有算略。 年十四，從寧於牽屯山奉迎太祖。 仍從校獵，弓無虛發。 太祖歎異之。 尋尚太祖女永富公主。 除使持節、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，累遷駕部中大夫、大馭中大夫。 從柱國、枹罕公辛威鎮金城，遂卒於軍，時年二十四。 雄弟祥，以父勳賜爵武遂縣公。 祥弟雲，亦以父勳賜爵武平縣公，歷位司織下大夫，儀同大將軍。 雲弟威，亦以父勳賜爵武當縣公。
Xiong, styled Shiwu. As a youth he was fearless, stronger than other men, expert with bow and horse, and sharp in counsel. At fourteen he went with Ning to Qiantun Mountain to welcome Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai. On the hunt his bow never missed. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai marveled at him. He soon married Princess Yongfu, the Grand Progenitor's daughter. He received the staff of authority, General of Agile Cavalry, and Three-Duke honors, then rose through the chariot and horse directorates. He followed Duke of Baohan Xin Wei to garrison Jincheng and died in camp at twenty-four. Xiong's brother Xiang inherited a county dukedom for their father's service. Another brother, Yun, was made Duke of Wuping for their father's merit and served as weaving director and general of Three-Duke rank. Yun's brother Wei likewise received Wudang county for their father's deeds.
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陸騰字顯聖，代人也。 高祖俟，魏征西大將軍、東平王。 祖彌，夏州刺史。 父旭，性雅澹，好《老易》緯候之學，撰《五星要訣》及《兩儀真圖》，頗得其指要，太和中，徵拜中書博士，稍遷散騎常侍。 知天下將亂，遂隱於太行山。 孝莊卽位，屢徵不起。 後贈幷汾恆肆四州刺史。
Lu Teng, styled Xiansheng, came from Dai. His forebear Hou had been Wei's General Who Conquers the West and Prince of Dongping. His grandfather Mi was inspector of Xia. His father Xu was quiet and scholarly, devoted to the Laozi, the Changes, and omen lore; he wrote on the five stars and the two poles with real insight, entered service in Taihe as a secretariat doctor, and rose to regular attendant. Foreseeing chaos, he withdrew to Mount Taihang. Emperor Xiaozhuang summoned him repeatedly; he refused. He was later posthumously honored over Bing, Fen, Heng, and Si.
11
騰少慷慨有大節，解巾員外散騎侍郎、司徒府中兵參軍。 爾朱榮入洛，以騰為通直散騎侍郎、帳內都督。 從平葛榮，以功賜爵清河縣伯。 普泰初，遷朱衣直閤。 尚安平主，卽東萊王貴平女也。 魏孝武幸貴平第，見騰，與語悅之，謂貴平曰：「阿翁真得好婿。」 卽擢為通直散騎常侍。 及孝武西遷，騰時使青州，遂沒於鄴。 東魏興和初，徵拜征西將軍，領陽城郡守。
Young Teng was ardent and high-minded, beginning as outer attendant and secretariat army adjutant. When Erzhu Rong took Luoyang, Teng became unimpeded attendant and inner-guard commander. After Ge Rong was crushed he was made Baron of Qinghe. Early in Putai he joined the scarlet-robed palace guard. His wife was the Lady of Peace and Stability, daughter of Prince Gui of Donglai. Emperor Xiaowu visited Gui's house, met Teng, enjoyed their talk, and told Gui, "You have found an excellent match." Teng was at once made Regular Attendant of Unimpeded Access. When Xiaowu fled west, Teng was on mission in Qing and was trapped in Ye. In Eastern Wei's Xinghe opening he was called back as General Who Conquers the West and Yangcheng commandery chief.
12
大統九年，大軍東討，以騰所據沖要，遂先攻之。 時兵威甚盛，長史麻休勸騰降，不許，拒守經月餘，城陷被執。 太祖釋而禮之，問其東間消息，騰盛陳東州人物，又敘述時事，辭理抑揚。 太祖笑曰：「卿真不背本也。」 卽拜帳內大都督。 未幾，除太子庶子，遷武衛將軍。 旣為太祖所知，願立功效，不求內職，太祖嘉之。 十三年，拜車騎大將軍、儀同三司。
In Datong year 9 the main army marched east and struck Teng first because his post was critical. The besiegers were overwhelming; Ma Xiu urged surrender, but Teng refused, held out over a month, and was captured when the walls fell. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai freed and honored him, asked about the east, and Teng spoke at length of eastern worthies and the times with eloquent balance. The Grand Progenitor laughed and said, "You have not forgotten where you came from." He was made grand commander of the inner guard at once. Soon he became crown prince's assistant and then Guard General of Wuwei. Known to the Grand Progenitor, he asked for field command rather than court office, and was praised for it. In year 13 he became General of the Chariots and Cavalry with Three-Duke honors.
13
魏廢帝元年，安康賊黃衆寶等作亂，連結漢中，衆數萬，攻圍東梁州。 城中糧盡，詔騰率軍自子午穀以援之。 騰乃星言就道，至便與戰，大破之。 軍還，拜龍州刺史，太祖謂騰曰：「今欲通江 （由） 〔油〕路，直出南 （奏） 〔秦〕，卿宜善思經略。」 騰曰：「必望臨機制變，未敢預陳。」 太祖曰：「此是卿取柱國之日，卿其勉之。」 卽解所服金帶賜之。 州民李廣嗣、李武等憑據岩險，以為堡壁，招集不逞之徒，攻劫郡縣，歷政不能治。 騰密令多造飛梯，身率麾下，夜往掩襲，未明，四面俱上，遂破之，執廣嗣等於鼓下。 其黨有任公忻者，更聚徒衆，圍逼州城。 乃語騰曰：「但免廣嗣及武，卽散兵請罪。」 騰謂將士曰：「吾若不殺廣嗣等，可謂隳軍實而長寇讐，事之不可者也。 公忻豎子，乃敢要人！」 卽斬廣嗣及武，以首示之。 賊徒沮氣，於是出兵奮擊，盡獲之。
In Wei Emperor Fei year 1 the Ankang rebel Huang Zhongbao joined Hanzhong forces numbering tens of thousands and besieged Eastern Liang. When the city ran out of grain, Teng was ordered through Ziwu Valley with relief. Teng forced the march, fought on arrival, and broke them decisively. On return he was made inspector of Long; the Grand Progenitor told him, "I mean to open the river route south [Textual note: You route] the You route straight into southern [Textual note: Zou] Qin—you must plan the campaign carefully." Teng said, "I will adapt when the moment comes—I dare not lay out plans in advance." The Grand Progenitor said, "This is how you earn your pillar-of-state rank—do your utmost." He gave Teng the golden belt from his own waist. Li Guangsi and Li Wu held the cliffs, rallied outlaws, and raided the districts until no governor could control them. Teng had scaling ladders built in secret, led a night assault at dawn from all sides, broke the stronghold, and dragged Guangsi and Wu before the drums. Their follower Ren Gongxin rallied another host and besieged the provincial capital. He told Teng, "Spare only Guangsi and Wu and I will disband and submit." Teng told his men, "To spare them would waste our strength and embolden the enemy—that I will not do. This boy dares bargain with us!" He killed Guangsi and Wu on the spot and raised their heads for all to see. Morale collapsed; Teng charged and took them all.
14
魏恭帝三年，拜驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，轉江州刺史，爵上庸縣公，邑二千戶。 陵州木籠獠恃險麤獷，每行抄劫，詔騰討之。 獠旣因山為城，攻之未可拔。 騰遂於城下多設聲樂及諸雜伎，示無戰心。 諸賊果棄其兵仗，或攜妻子臨城觀樂。 騰知其無備，密令衆軍俱上，諸賊惶懼，不知所為。 遂縱兵討擊，盡破之，斬首一萬級，俘獲五千人。
In Wei Emperor Gong year 3 he became General of Agile Cavalry with Three-Duke honors, inspector of Jiang, and Duke of Shangyong with two thousand households. The Mulong Liao of Ling held the mountains, raided constantly, and Teng was sent against them. They had turned the mountain into a fortress that would not yield to assault. Teng set up music and entertainers below the walls as if he had no thought of battle. The raiders dropped their arms; some brought families to watch from the ramparts. Seeing them off guard, he sent his men up at once; the Liao panicked. He routed them completely—ten thousand heads and five thousand captives.
15
保定元年，遷隆州總管，領刺史。 二年，資州磐石民反，殺郡守，據險自守，州軍不能制。 騰率軍討擊，盡破斬之。 而蠻、獠兵及所在蜂起，山路險阻，難得掩襲。 騰遂量山川形勢，隨便開道。 蠻獠畏威，承風請服。 所開之路，多得古銘，並是諸葛亮、桓溫舊道。 是年，鐵山獠抄斷內江路，使驛不通。 騰乃進軍討之。 欲至鐵山，乃偽還師。 賊不以為虞，遂不守備。 騰出其不意擊之，應時奔潰。 一日下其三城，斬其魁帥，俘獲三千人，招納降附者三萬戶。
In Baoding year 1 he became area commander of Long, retaining the inspector's seal. In year 2 Panshi in Zi rebelled, killed the commandery chief, and held the heights beyond provincial reach. Teng marched out, shattered them, and executed the leaders. Tribes and Liao rose all along the routes; the trails were too steep for easy ambush. He surveyed the terrain and cut roads wherever he could. Tribes submitted in waves before his authority. The new roads uncovered old inscriptions on routes Zhuge Liang and Huan Wen had used. That year Tieshan Liao cut the inner Yangzi courier route. Teng marched to punish them. To reach Tieshan he pretended to withdraw. They relaxed their guard. He struck by surprise and they collapsed. In a single day he took three cities, killed the chiefs, took three thousand captives, and settled thirty thousand households.
16
帝以騰母在齊，未令東討。 適有其親屬自東還朝者，晉公護 （奉） 〔奏〕令偽告騰云：「齊為無道，已誅公家，母兄並從塗炭。」 蓋欲發其怒也。 騰乃發哀泣血，志在復讐。 四年，齊公憲與晉公護東征，請騰為副。 趙公招時在蜀，復留之。 晉公護與招書曰：「今朝廷令齊公掃蕩河、洛，欲與此人同行。 汝彼無事，且宜借吾也。」 於是命騰馳傳入朝，副憲東討。 五年，拜司憲中大夫。
Because his mother was held in Qi, the emperor kept him from the eastern campaign. When a relative returned from the east, Duke of Jin Yuwen Hu [Textual note: Feng] memorialized a false report to Teng that Qi had executed his family and left his mother and brothers in misery. It was meant to enrage him. Teng mourned until blood mingled with tears, burning for revenge. In year 4 Dukes Xian and Hu marched east and asked for Teng as deputy. Duke Zhao was then in Shu and kept him there again. Yuwen Hu wrote Zhao, "The court has ordered Duke of Qi to clear He and Luo—I need this man with him. You are idle there—lend him to me." Teng was ordered to court by relay and joined Xian's eastern command. In year 5 he became Director of the Censorate.
17
天和初，信州蠻、蜑據江峽反叛，連結二千餘里，自稱王侯，殺刺史守令等。 又詔騰率軍討之。 騰乃先趣益州，進驍勇之士，兼具樓船，沿外江而下。 軍至湯口，分道奮擊，所向摧破。 乃築京觀以旌武功。 語在《蠻傳》。 涪陵郡守藺休祖又據楚、向、臨、容、開、信等州，地方二千餘里，阻兵為亂。 復詔騰討之。 初與大戰，斬首二千餘級，俘獲千餘人。 當時雖摧其鋒，而賊衆旣多，自夏及秋，無日不戰，師老糧盡，遂停軍集市，更思方略。 賊見騰不出，四面競前。 騰乃激勵其衆，士皆爭奮，復攻拔其魚令城，大獲糧儲，以充軍實。 又破銅盤等七柵，前後斬獲四千人，幷船艦等。 又築臨州、集市二城，以鎮遏之。 騰自在龍州，至是前後破平諸賊，凡賞得奴婢八百口，馬牛稱是。 於是巴蜀悉定，詔令樹碑紀績焉。
At Tianhe's opening Xin tribes and Dan held the gorges for two thousand li, styled themselves kings, and killed officials. Teng was again ordered out against them. He rushed to Yi, sent picked men, and floated tower ships down the outer river. At Tangkou he split his force and swept all before him. He raised a victory mound to mark the campaign. The full account appears in the Barbarian Treatise. Lan Xiuzu of Fuling also held six prefectures over two thousand li and rebelled. Teng was sent against him again. The first great battle cost the rebels two thousand heads and a thousand prisoners. Their numbers remained vast; fighting ran daily from summer into autumn until men and grain failed, and he paused at Market City to regroup. When he would not sally, they closed in on every side. He roused his men to a fury, retook Yuling, and filled his granaries. He broke seven stockades including Tongpan, taking four thousand heads and many ships. He fortified Lin Province and Market City to hold the region. From his Long command onward he had crushed one rebel after another, earning eight hundred slaves and herds of livestock. Ba and Shu were pacified; the court ordered a stele to record his deeds.
18
四年，遷江陵總管。 陳遣其將章昭達率衆五萬、舩艦二千圍江陵。 衛王直聞有陳寇，遣大將軍趙誾、李遷哲等率步騎赴之，並受騰節度。 時遷哲等守外城，陳將程文季、雷道勤夜來掩襲，遷哲等驚亂，不能抗禦。 騰夜遣開門，出甲士奮擊，大破之。 陳人奔潰，道勤中流矢而斃，虜獲二百餘人。 陳人又決龍川寧邦堤，引水灌江陵城。 騰親率將士戰於西堤，破之，斬首數千級，陳人乃遁。 六年，進位柱國，進爵上庸郡公，增邑通前三千五百戶。
In the fourth year Lu Teng was made military commissioner of Jiangling. Chen dispatched General Zhang Zhaoda with fifty thousand troops and two thousand ships to blockade Jiangling. When Prince of Wei Zhi learned of the Chen incursion, he sent Grand Generals Zhao Yin and Li Qianzhe with foot and horse to reinforce the city, all under Lu Teng's orders. Li Qianzhe held the outer walls when Chen generals Cheng Wenji and Lei Daoqin struck by night; his men panicked and could not hold. Lu Teng opened the gates by night, sent armored troops out in a fierce charge, and broke them completely. The Chen force scattered; Lei Daoqin took an arrow and died; more than two hundred were taken. The Chen army also broke the Longchuan Ningbang dike and diverted water to flood Jiangling. Lu Teng led his troops in person at the western dike, routed the enemy, took several thousand heads, and the Chen withdrew. In the sixth year he was made pillar-of-state and Duke of Shangyong, his fief rising with earlier grants to thirty-five hundred households.
19
建德二年，徵拜大司空，尋出為涇州總管。 宣政元年冬，薨於京師。 贈本官加幷汾等五州刺史，重贈大後丞。 諡曰定。 子玄嗣。
In Jiande year 2 he was recalled as Grand Minister of Works, then posted out as military commissioner of Jingzhou. In the winter of Xuanzheng year 1 he died at the capital. He was posthumously given his former rank plus inspector of five prefectures including Bing and Fen, and again honored as Grand Rear Chancellor. His posthumous name was Ding (Settled). His son Xuan succeeded him.
20
玄字士鑒，騰入關時，年始七歲。 仕齊為奉朝請，歷成平縣令。 齊平，高祖見玄，特加勞勉，卽拜地官府都上士。 大象末，為隋文相府內兵參軍。 玄弟融，字士傾，最知名，少歷顯職。 大象中，位至大將軍、定陵縣公。
Xuan, styled Shijian, was only seven when Lu Teng entered the Passes. Under Northern Qi he served as court gentleman for court assembly and later as magistrate of Chengping county. After Qi fell, Emperor Gaozu received Xuan with special praise and at once made him chief clerk of the Earth Office Bureau. Near the end of the Daxiang reign he became internal military adjutant in Yang Jian's chancellor's office. Xuan's younger brother Rong, styled Shiqing, was the better known of the two and in youth held a series of high posts. Under Daxiang he rose to grand general and Duke of Dingling county.
21
賀若敦，代人也。 父統，為東魏潁州長史。 大統 （二） 年，執刺史田迅以州降。 至長安，魏文帝謂統曰：「卿自潁川從我，何日能忘。」 卽拜右衛將軍、散騎常侍、兗州刺史，賜爵當亭縣公。 尋除北雍州刺史。 卒，贈侍中、燕朔恆三州刺史、司空公，諡曰哀。
He Ruodun came from Dai. His father Tong had been chief clerk of Ying Province under Eastern Wei. In the Great Unity era year two he seized Prefect Tian Xun and surrendered the province. At Chang'an Emperor Wen of Wei told Tong, "You came with me from Yingchuan—when could I forget that?" Tong was at once made Right Guard General, regular attendant-in-ordinary, and inspector of Yan, and enfeoffed as Duke of Dangting county. He was soon transferred to inspector of Northern Yong. When he died he was posthumously honored as attendant-in-ordinary, inspector of Yan, Shuo, and Heng, and Duke of Works, with the posthumous name Ai (Lamented).
22
敦少有氣幹，善騎射。 統之謀執迅也，慮事不果，又以累弱旣多，難以自拔，沉吟者久之。 敦時年十七，乃進策曰：「大人往事葛榮，已為將帥； 後入爾朱，禮遇猶重。 韓陵之役，屈節高歡，旣非故人，又無功效，今日委任，無異於前者，正以天下未定，方藉英雄之力。 一旦清平，豈有相容之理。 以敦愚計，恐將來有危亡之憂。 願思全身遠害，不得有所顧念也。」 統乃流涕從之，遂定謀歸太祖。 時羣盜蜂起，各據山谷。 大龜山賊張世顯潛來襲統，敦挺身赴戰，手斬七八人，賊乃退走。 統大悅，謂左右僚屬曰：「我少從軍旅，戰陣非一，如此兒年時膽略者，未見其人。 非唯成我門戶，亦當為國名將。」
He Ruodun as a youth had force of character and was expert with bow and horse. When Tong planned to seize Tian Xun, he worried the scheme might fail and that with so many dependents withdrawal would be hard; he hesitated for a long while. He Ruodun was seventeen. He offered counsel: "Father, you once served Ge Rong as a field commander; later you entered Erzhu service and were still treated with great honor. At Hanling you bowed to Gao Huan—no old tie, no fresh merit—yet today's appointment is the same as before, only because the realm is unsettled and men of force are still needed. Once the world is at peace, they will not suffer you to remain. By my poor reckoning, ruin lies ahead. Think of saving yourself and keeping clear of harm—do not let affection hold you back." Tong wept and agreed, and they settled on submitting to Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai. Bandits were swarming then, each band holding its own hills. Zhang Shixian of Great Turtle Mountain secretly attacked Tong; He Ruodun rushed into the fight, killed seven or eight men himself, and drove the bandits off. Tong was delighted and told his staff, "I have soldiered since youth and seen many battles, yet never a boy of such nerve and wit. He will not only honor our house—he will be a famous general of the realm."
23
明年，從河內〔公〕獨孤信於洛陽，被圍。 敦彎弓三石，箭不虛發。 信大奇之，乃言於太祖。 太祖異之，引置麾下，授都督，封安陵縣伯，邑四百戶。 嘗從太祖校獵於甘泉宮，時圍人不齊，獸多逃逸，太祖大怒，人皆股戰。 圍內唯有一鹿，俄亦突圍而走。 敦躍馬馳之，鹿上東山，敦棄馬步逐至山半，便掣之而下。 太祖大悅，諸將因得免責。 累遷太子庶子、撫軍將軍、通直散騎常侍、大都督、車騎大將軍、散騎常侍、儀同三司，進爵廣鄉縣侯。 敦旣有武藝，太祖恆欲以將帥任之。 魏廢帝二年，拜右衛將軍，俄加驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，進爵為公。
The next year he followed Dugu Xin, Duke of Henan, to Luoyang and was caught in the siege. He Ruodun drew a three-stone bow and never wasted a shot. Dugu Xin was astonished and reported it to Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai took him into his own command, made him area commander, and enfeoffed him Baron of Anling with four hundred households. Once at Ganquan Palace he joined Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai on a hunt; the beat was incomplete, game broke out everywhere, and the Grand Progenitor's rage made every man shake. Only one deer remained inside the ring, and it too broke out and ran. He Ruodun spurred after it up Eastern Mountain, left his horse, ran it down on foot halfway up the slope, seized it, and brought it back. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai was delighted, and the other officers were spared his wrath. He rose through Companion of the Heir Apparent, General Who Pacifies the Army, regular attendant of unimpeded access, grand area commander, grand general of chariots and cavalry, regular attendant-in-ordinary, and equal-in-honor to the three divisions, and was advanced to Marquis of Guangxiang. Because He Ruodun had martial talent, Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai always meant to give him command. In Deposed Emperor year 2 he became Right Guard General, soon grand general of agile cavalry and opening grandee equal in honor to the three divisions, and was raised to duke.
24
時岷蜀初開，民情尚梗。 巴西人譙淹據南梁州，與梁西江州刺史王開業共為表裏，扇動群蠻。 太祖令敦率軍討之。 山路艱險，人跡罕至。 敦身先將士，攀木緣崖，倍道兼行，乘其不意。 又遣儀同扶猛破其別帥向鎮侯於白帝。 淹乃與開業幷其黨泉玉成、侯造等率衆七千，口累三萬，自墊江而下，就梁王琳。 敦邀擊，破之。 淹復依山立柵，南引蠻帥向白彪為援。 敦設反間，離其黨與，因其懈怠，復破之。 斬淹，盡俘其衆。 進爵武都公，增邑通前一千七百戶，拜典祀中大夫。
Min and Shu had only lately been opened, and the people were still restive. Qiao Yan of Ba held Southern Liang and coordinated with Liang inspector of Western Jiang Wang Kaiye, inside and out, to stir up the tribal chiefs. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai ordered He Ruodun to lead troops against him. The mountain paths were steep and barely passable. He Ruodun led from the front, climbing trees and cliffs, forcing double marches, and struck before the enemy knew he was there. He also sent Fu Meng, equal in honor to the three divisions, to defeat their sub-commander Xiang Zhenhou at White Emperor. Qiao Yan then joined Wang Kaiye and his allies Quan Yucheng and Hou Zao with seven thousand fighting men and thirty thousand dependents, sailing down from Dianjiang to Wang Lin of Liang. He Ruodun intercepted and routed them. Qiao Yan fortified the hills again and called in the Man chief Xiang Baibiao from the south as reinforcement. He Ruodun sowed discord among their allies and, catching them off guard, broke them again. He beheaded Qiao Yan and took all his followers captive. He was raised to Duke of Wudu, his fief rising with earlier grants to seventeen hundred households, and made director of ceremonies grandee.
25
尋出為金州都督、七州諸軍事、金州刺史。 向白彪又與蠻帥向五子等聚衆為寇，圍逼信州。 詔敦與開府田弘赴救，未至而城已陷。 進與白彪等戰，破之，俘斬二千人。 仍進軍追討，遂平信州。 是歲，荊州蠻帥文子榮自號仁州刺史，擁逼土人，據沮漳為逆。 復令敦與開府潘招討之，擒子榮，幷虜其衆。
He was soon posted as area commander of Jin, commander-in-chief of military affairs in seven provinces, and inspector of Jin. Xiang Baibiao joined the Man chief Xiang Wuzi and others in raiding and pressing Xin Province. An edict sent He Ruodun and opening grandee Tian Hong to relieve the city, but it had already fallen before they arrived. He advanced against Baibiao and the rest, defeated them, and killed or captured two thousand. Pressing the pursuit, he pacified Xin Province. That year the Jing Man chief Wen Zirong styled himself inspector of Ren, coerced the locals, and rebelled along the Ju and Zhang rivers. He Ruodun was again ordered out with opening grandee Pan to suppress them; he captured Wen Zirong and his followers.
26
初，土人亟乘輕船，載米粟及籠雞鴨以餉瑱軍。 敦患之，乃偽為土人，裝船伏甲士於中。 瑱兵人望見，謂餉船之至，逆來爭取。 敦甲士出而擒之。 敦軍數有叛人乘馬投瑱者，輒納之。 敦又別取一馬，牽以趣船，令船中逆以鞭鞭之。 如是者再三，馬便畏船不上。 後伏兵於江岸，遣人以招瑱軍，詐稱投附。 瑱便遣兵迎接，競來牽馬。 馬旣畏船不上，敦發伏掩之，盡殪。 此後實有饋餉及亡命奔瑱者，猶謂敦之設詐，逆遣扞擊，並不敢受。
Until then locals had often poled light boats laden with grain and caged fowl to Wang Lin's camp. He Ruodun countered by fitting out boats like local supply craft and hiding armored men inside. Wang Lin's men sighted them from afar, thought provisions had arrived, and rushed out to seize the boats. He Ruodun's soldiers burst out and took them captive. Many of He Ruodun's men kept deserting on horseback to Wang Lin, and Wang Lin took them in. He Ruodun also took another horse, led it to a boat, and had sailors below whip it from underneath. He did this again and again until the horse feared boats and would not board. Then he hid troops on the bank and sent men on the frightened horse to lure Wang Lin's army, pretending to defect. Wang Lin sent men to welcome the rider, and they crowded forward to seize the horse. The horse would not board; the ambush rose and slaughtered them all. After that, even real supplies and real deserters Wang Lin treated as tricks and drove away.
27
相持歲餘，瑱等不能制，求借船送敦度江。 敦慮其或詐，拒而弗許。 瑱復遣使謂敦曰：「驃騎在此旣久，今欲給船相送，何為不去？」 敦報云：「湘州是我國家之地，為爾侵逼。 敦來之日，欲相平殄。 旣未得一決，所以不去。」 瑱後日復遣使來，敦謂使者云：「必須我還，可舍我百里，當為汝去。」 瑱等留船於江，將兵去津路百里。 敦覘知非詐，徐理舟烜，勒衆而還。 在軍病死者十五六。 晉公護以敦失地無功，除名為民。
After more than a year facing each other without advantage, Wang Lin asked to lend boats to ferry He Ruodun across the river. He Ruodun suspected a trap and refused. Wang Lin sent another envoy: "You have been here long enough; I mean to give you boats to cross—why will you not go?" He Ruodun answered: "Xiang Province belongs to our state—you invaded it. I came to destroy you. We have not yet fought it out—that is why I stay." Wang Lin sent an envoy again; He Ruodun told him: "If you want me gone, pull back a hundred li and I will leave." Wang Lin left boats on the river and withdrew his troops a hundred li from the crossing. Seeing no trick, He Ruodun slowly made ready the boats, mustered his force, and withdrew. Fifteen or sixteen men in every hundred in the army died of sickness. Duke of Jin Yuwen Hu, finding that He Ruodun had lost ground without merit, struck his name from the rolls and reduced him to commoner status.
28
保定二年，拜工部中大夫。 尋出為金州總管、七州諸軍事、金州刺史。 三年，從柱國楊忠引突厥破齊長城，至幷州而還，以敦為殿。 別封一子順義縣公，邑一千戶。 五年，除中州刺史，鎮函谷。
In Baoding year 2 he was appointed grandee of the Ministry of Works. He was soon posted out as military commissioner of Jin, commander-in-chief of military affairs in seven provinces, and inspector of Jin. In year 3 he followed pillar-of-state Yang Zhong with the Türks to breach Northern Qi's Great Wall, reaching Bing Province on the return; He Ruodun commanded the rear guard. One son was separately enfeoffed Duke of Shunyi county with a fief of one thousand households. In year 5 he was made inspector of Central Province and posted to garrison Hangu Pass.
29
敦恃功負氣，顧其流輩皆為大將軍，敦獨未得，兼以湘州之役，全軍而反，不蒙旌賞，翻被除名，每懷怨怒。 屬有臺使至，乃出怨言。 晉公護怒，遂徵敦還，逼令自殺。 時年四十九。 建德初，追贈大將軍。 諡曰烈。
He Ruodun, proud of his record, saw men of his generation made grand generals while he alone had not; the Xiangzhou campaign had ended with his army intact, yet he won no reward and was disgraced instead—he nursed grievance and rage. When an envoy from the commissionerate arrived, Dun began airing grievances. Yuwen Hu, Duke of Jin, flew into a rage, recalled Dun, and compelled him to commit suicide. He was forty-nine at the time. In the opening year of Jiande he was posthumously made grand general. He was posthumously named Lie.
30
子弼，有文武材略。 大象末，位至開府儀同大將軍、揚州刺史、襄邑縣公。
His son Bi possessed civil and military ability in equal measure. By the end of Daxiang he had risen to opening-establishment general, honor equal to the three excellencies, inspector of Yang Province, and duke of Xiangyi county.
31
敦弟誼，亦知名。 官至柱國、海陵縣公。
Dun's younger brother Yi won fame as well. He rose to pillar-of-state and duke of Hailing county.
32
權景宣字暉遠，天水顯親人也。 父曇騰，魏隴西郡守。 贈秦州刺史。
Quan Jingxuan, styled Huiyuan, came from Xianqin in Tianshui commandery. His father Tanteng had served Wei as prefect of Longxi commandery. He was posthumously made inspector of Qin Province.
33
景宣少聰悟，有氣俠，宗黨皆歎異之。 年十七，魏行臺蕭寶夤見而奇之，表為輕車將軍。 及寶夤敗，景宣歸鄉里。 太祖平隴右，擢為行臺郎中。 魏孝武西遷，授鎮遠將軍、步兵校尉，加平西將軍、秦州大中正。 大統初，轉祠部郎中。
As a youth Jingxuan was quick-witted and bold-hearted; his clan marveled at him. At seventeen the Wei grand commissioner Xiao Baoyin took notice of him and recommended him as general of light chariots. After Baoyin's defeat Jingxuan went home to his native place. When Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai pacified Longyou, Jingxuan was raised to bureau director of the grand commissionerate. After Emperor Xiaowu of Wei moved west, he received the posts of general who pacifies the distances and commandant of foot soldiers, with the added rank of general who pacifies the west and grand rectifier of Qin Province. At the opening of Datong he was transferred to bureau director of sacrificial affairs.
34
景宣曉兵權，有智略。 從太祖拔弘農，破沙苑，皆先登陷陣。 轉外兵郎中。 從開府于謹援洛陽，景宣督課糧儲，軍以周濟。 時初復洛陽，將修繕宮室，景宣率徒三千，先出采運。 會東魏兵至，司州牧元季海等以衆少拔還，屬城悉叛，道路擁塞。 景宣將二十騎，且戰且走。 從騎略盡，景宣輕馬突圍，手斬數級，馳而獲免，因投民家自匿。 景宣以久藏非計，乃偽作太祖書，招募得五百餘人，保據宜陽，聲言大軍續至。 東魏將段琛等率衆至九曲，憚景宣，不敢進。 景宣恐琛審其虛實，乃將腹心自隨，詐云迎軍，因得西遁。 與儀同李延孫相會，攻孔城。 洛陽以南，尋亦來附。 太祖卽留景宣守張白塢，節度東南義軍。 東魏將王元 （凱） 〔軌〕入洛，景宣與延孫等擊走之，以功授大行臺右丞。 進屯宜陽，攻襄城，拔之，獲郡守王洪顯，俘斬五百餘人。 太祖嘉之，徵入朝。 錄前後功，封顯親縣男，邑三百戶。 除南陽郡守。 郡鄰敵境，舊制，發民守防三十五處，多廢農桑，而姦宄猶作。 景宣至，並除之，唯修起城樓，多備器械，寇盜斂跡，民得肄業。 百姓稱之，立碑頌德。 太祖特賞粟帛，以旌其能。 遷廣州刺史。
Jingxuan grasped the art of command and was shrewd in counsel. Campaigning under Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai, he helped capture Hongnong and win at Shiyuan, always in the van when the lines closed. He was moved to bureau director of external military affairs. When he followed Yu Jin, holder of an opening establishment, to relieve Luoyang, Jingxuan organized grain stores and kept the army fed. Luoyang had only just been retaken and the palaces were to be rebuilt; Jingxuan took three thousand workers ahead to fetch timber and supplies. Eastern Wei forces then appeared; Yuan Jihai, inspector of Si Province, and others pulled back with too small a force, every subordinate city turned, and the roads jammed with refugees. Jingxuan rode with twenty men, fighting a running retreat. When his escort was almost wiped out, he broke out on a swift horse, killed several foes with his own hand, rode clear, and hid in a farmer's house. Knowing he could not stay hidden forever, he forged orders from Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai, raised five hundred-odd men, seized Yiyang, and spread word that a great host was on its way. When Eastern Wei generals led by Duan Chen reached Jiuqu, they were wary of Jingxuan and held back. Afraid Chen would test his bluff, he took a few trusted followers, pretended he was going to meet the relief force, and slipped away westward. He linked up with Li Yansun, honor equal to the three excellencies, and stormed Kongcheng. Territory south of Luoyang soon submitted as well. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai then posted Jingxuan at Zhangbaiwu to command the loyalist forces of the southeast. An Eastern Wei commander of the Wang clan [Textual variant: Kai] When Eastern Wei general Wang Yuan Gui entered Luoyang, Jingxuan and Li Yansun beat him back, and Jingxuan was rewarded as right director of the grand commissionerate. He moved on Yiyang, stormed Xiangcheng, seized the prefect Wang Hongxian, and killed or captured more than five hundred men. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai commended him and called him to court. His services were tallied and he was enfeoffed baron of Xianqin county with three hundred households. He was made administrator of Nanyang commandery. Nanyang lay on the frontier; by old custom the people were posted at thirty-five defense points, fields went untilled, and robbers still flourished. Jingxuan ended the practice, rebuilt the gate towers, piled up arms, and the countryside grew quiet enough for farming to resume. The people praised him and raised a stele to his merit. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai sent grain and silk as a special reward for his competence. He was transferred to inspector of Guang Province.
35
侯景舉河南來附，景宣從僕射王思政經略應接。 旣而侯景南叛，恐東魏復有其地，以景宣為大都督、豫州刺史，鎮樂口。 東魏亦遣張伯德為刺史。 伯德令其將劉貴平率其戍卒及山蠻，屢來攻逼。 景宣兵不滿千人，隨機奮擊，前後擒斬三千餘級，貴平乃退走。 進授使持節、車騎大將軍、儀同三司。 潁川陷後，太祖以樂口等諸城道路阻絕，悉令拔還。 襄州刺史杞秀以狼狽得罪。 景宣號令嚴明，戎旅整肅，所部全濟，獨被優賞。 仍留鎮荊州，委以鵶南之事。
When Hou Jing surrendered Henan, Jingxuan worked under Vice Director Wang Sizheng to manage the handover. Hou Jing soon rebelled south; to keep Eastern Wei from retaking the region, Jingxuan was named grand area commander and inspector of Yu Province, with his seat at Lekou. Eastern Wei appointed Zhang Bode inspector in turn. Bode sent Liu Guiping at the head of garrison soldiers and mountain tribesmen to harry him again and again. With fewer than a thousand men Jingxuan counterattacked whenever he saw an opening, killing or capturing more than three thousand over time until Guiping pulled back. He was promoted and given acting staff of authority, the rank of general of chariots and cavalry, and honor equal to the three excellencies. Once Yingchuan was lost, Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai, finding the routes to Lekou and the other strongpoints severed, ordered a general pullback. Qi Xiu, inspector of Xiang Province, was condemned for a shameful rout. Jingxuan kept tight discipline and brought his force home whole, and he alone won special commendation. He stayed on in Jing Province, charged with affairs south of the Han River.
36
初，梁岳陽王蕭詧將以襄陽歸朝，仍勒兵攻梁元帝於江陵。 詧叛將杜岸乘虛襲之。 景宣乃率騎三千，助詧破岸。 詧因是乃送其妻王氏及子嶚入質。 景宣又與開府楊忠取梁將柳仲禮，拔安陸、隨郡。 久之，隨州城民吳士英等殺刺史黃道玉，因聚為寇。 景宣以英等小賊，可以計取之，若聲其罪，恐同惡者衆。 乃與英書，偽稱道玉兇暴，歸功英等。 英果信之，遂相率而至。 景宣執而戮之，散其黨與。 進攻應城，拔之，獲夏侯珍洽。 於是應、禮、安、隨並平。 朝議以景宣威行南服，乃授幷安肆郢新應六州諸軍事、幷州刺史。 尋進驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，加侍中，兼督江北司二州諸軍事，進爵為伯，邑五百戶。 唐州蠻田魯嘉自號豫州伯，引致齊兵，大為民患。 景宣又破之，獲魯嘉，以其地為郡。 轉安州刺史。 梁定州刺史李洪遠初款後叛，景宣惡其懷貳，密襲破之，虜其家口及部衆。 洪遠脫身走免。 自是酋帥懾服，無敢叛者。
At first the Liang prince of Yueyang, Xiao Cha, meant to bring Xiangyang over to the Zhou court even while he marched against Emperor Yuan at Jiangling. Cha's defector Du An seized the moment and struck at him. Jingxuan rode in with three thousand horse, helped Cha break Du An, and saved the day. Grateful, Cha sent his wife Lady Wang and his son Yao as hostages. Jingxuan then joined Yang Zhong, holder of an opening establishment, to capture the Liang general Liu Zhongli and take Anlu and Suichun. Some time later the Suizhou townsman Wu Shiying and his fellows murdered Inspector Huang Daoyu and raised a band. Jingxuan judged them petty rebels who could be trapped by guile; a public accusation, he thought, would only rally more malcontents. He wrote to Wu Shiying, pretending that Daoyu had been a tyrant and praising the killers as righteous. Shiying swallowed the story and led his men in to meet him. Jingxuan arrested and executed them, then broke up their band. He pushed on to Yingcheng, captured it, and took Xiahou Zhenqia prisoner. Ying, Li, An, and Sui were all brought to order. The court, noting his sway in the south, put him in command of military affairs across Bing, An, Si, Ying, Xin, and Ying and made him inspector of Bing Province. He was soon promoted to general of fast cavalry and opening-establishment honor equal to the three excellencies, made attendant-in-ordinary, given concurrent command of the two Si provinces north of the Yangtze, and raised to count with five hundred households. In Tang Province the Man chieftain Tian Lujia called himself count of Yu Province, called in Northern Qi armies, and terrorized the countryside. Jingxuan defeated him again, seized Lujia, and organized his lands as a new commandery. He was transferred to inspector of An Province. Li Hongyuan, Liang inspector of Ding Province, had first submitted and then rebelled; disgusted by his wavering, Jingxuan launched a surprise attack, crushed him, and took his household and troops captive. Hongyuan alone slipped free and fled. After that the frontier chiefs submitted in fear, and no one dared revolt again.
37
燕公于謹征江陵，景宣別破梁司空陸法和司馬羊亮於溳水。 又遣別帥攻拔魯山。 多造舟艦，益張旗幟，臨江欲度，以懼梁人。 梁將王琳在湘州，景宣遺之書，諭以禍福。 琳遂遣長史席壑因景宣請舉州款附。 孝閔帝踐阼，徵為司憲中大夫，尋除基鄀硤平四州五防諸軍事、江陵防主，加大將軍。
When Duke of Yan Yu Jin marched on Jiangling, Jingxuan on a separate front routed Liang minister of works Lu Fazhe and marshal Yang Liang on the Yun River. He also sent a detached force to capture Lushan. He massed boats, raised extra banners along the bank, and feigned a crossing to intimidate the Liang forces. Wang Lin, a Liang general in Xiang Province, received a letter from Jingxuan laying out the costs of resistance and the rewards of submission. Lin answered by sending his chief clerk Xi He via Jingxuan to offer the province's surrender. When Emperor Xiaomin succeeded, Jingxuan was recalled as central grandee of the ministry of justice, then made commander of the five garrisons of Ji, E, Xia, and Ping, warden of Jiangling's defenses, and grand general.
38
保定四年，晉公護東討，景宣別討河南。 齊豫州刺史王士良、永州刺史蕭世怡並以城降。 景宣以開府謝徹守永州，開府郭彥守豫州，以士良、世怡及降卒一千人歸諸京師。 尋而洛陽不守，乃棄二州，拔其將士而還。 至昌州而羅陽蠻反，景宣回軍破之，斬首千級，獲生口二千、雜畜千頭，送闕。 還次灞上，晉公護親迎勞之。
In Baoding year 4, while Yuwen Hu, Duke of Jin, marched east, Jingxuan led a separate drive into Henan. Wang Shiliang, Qi inspector of Yu Province, and Xiao Shiyi, inspector of Yong Province, both handed over their cities. Jingxuan left Xie Che to hold Yong Province and Guo Yan to hold Yu Province, then sent Shiliang, Shiyi, and a thousand surrendered troops to the capital. Luoyang soon fell; he gave up both provinces and pulled his officers and men back. At Chang Province the Luoyang tribes rose; Jingxuan wheeled about, crushed them, took a thousand heads, two thousand captives, and a thousand head of livestock, and sent the spoils to court. On the march home he stopped at Bashang, where Yuwen Hu came out in person to greet and reward him.
39
天和初，授荊州總管、十七州諸軍事、荊州刺史，進爵千金郡公。 陳湘州刺史華皎舉州款附，表請援兵。 勑景宣統水軍與皎俱下。 景宣到夏口，陳人已至。 而景宣以任遇隆重，遂驕傲恣縱，多自矜伐，兼納賄貨，指麾節度，朝出夕改。 將士憤怒，莫肯用命。 及水軍始交，一時奔北，船艦器仗，略無孑遺。 時衛公直總督諸軍，以景宣負敗，欲繩以軍法。 朝廷不忍加罪，遣使就軍赦之。 尋遇疾卒。 贈河渭鄯三州刺史，諡曰恭。
At the opening of Tianhe he became grand governor of Jing Province with authority over seventeen provinces, inspector of Jing, and duke of Qianjin commandery. Hua Jiao, Chen inspector of Xiang Province, surrendered his province and asked for reinforcements. The throne ordered Jingxuan to take the river fleet and descend with Jiao. By the time Jingxuan reached Xiakou, Chen forces were already there. Yet Jingxuan, swollen by his high rank and favor, turned arrogant and loose, bragged of his deeds, took bribes, and changed his orders from morning to night. His officers and men seethed with resentment and refused to follow him. At the first contact on the water they broke and ran; ships, arms, and equipment were almost entirely lost. Yu Zhi, Duke of Wei, then commanded the whole force and wanted Jingxuan court-martialed for the defeat. The court shrank from condemning him and dispatched an envoy to the camp to grant a pardon. He soon sickened and died. He was posthumously made inspector of He, Wei, and Shan provinces and given the posthumous name Gong.
40
子如璋嗣。 位至開府、膠州刺史。 如璋弟如玖，儀同大將軍、廣川縣侯。
His son Ruzhang inherited the line. He rose to opening-establishment rank and the inspectorate of Jiao Province. Ruzhang's younger brother Rujiu held the rank of general honor equal to the three excellencies and was marquis of Guangchuan county.
41
景宣之去樂口，南荊州刺史郭賢據魯陽以拒東魏。
After Quan Jingxuan withdrew from Leykou, Guo Xian, inspector of Southern Jing, garrisoned Luyang against Eastern Wei.
42
賢字道因，趙興陽州人也。 父雲，涼州司馬。 賢性強記，學涉經史。 魏正光末，賊帥宿勤明達圍逼豳州，刺史畢暉補賢統軍，與之拒守。 後為州主簿，行北地郡事。 以征討有功，授都督。
Guo Xian, courtesy name Daoyin, came from Yang Province in Zhao Xing commandery. His father Yun had served as vice-governor of Liangzhou. Guo Xian remembered everything he read and had a broad grounding in the classics and histories. Near the end of Wei's Zhenguang era, the rebel leader Suqin Mingda pressed Bin Prefecture; Bi Hui, the inspector, put Guo Xian in command of the garrison, and together they held the city. He later served as the province's chief clerk and acted as administrator of Beidi commandery. Campaign merit won him the rank of area commander.
43
尋加伏波將軍，從王思政鎮弘農。 授使持節、行義州事、當州都督。 轉行弘農郡事。 賢質直有算略，思政甚重之，禦邊之謀，多與賢參決。 十二年，除輔國將軍、南〔荊〕州刺史。
He was soon promoted to General Who Quells the Waves and followed Wang Sizheng to the Hongnong garrison. He received the staff of authority, was made acting administrator of Yi Prefecture, and given command over the prefecture. He was transferred to act as administrator of Hongnong commandery. Guo Xian was blunt but shrewd; Wang Sizheng relied on him heavily, and most frontier strategy passed through his counsel. In the twelfth year he was appointed General Who Supports the State and inspector of Southern Jing Prefecture.
44
及侯景來附，思政遣賢先出三鵶，鎮於魯陽。 加大都督，封安武縣子，邑四百戶。 尋進車騎大將軍、儀同三司，加散騎常侍。 及潁川被圍，東魏遣蠻酋魯和扇動群蠻，規斷囗路。 和乃遣其從弟與和為漢廣郡守，率其部曲，侵擾州境。 賢密簡士馬，輕往掩襲，大破之，遂擒魯和。 旣而潁川陷，權景宣等並拔軍西還，自魯陽以東，皆附東魏。 〔東魏〕將彭樂因之，遂來攻逼。 賢撫循將士，咸為盡其力用，樂不能克，乃引軍退。 而東魏又以土民韋默兒為義州刺史，鎮父城以逼賢。 賢又率軍攻默兒，擒之。 轉廣州刺史。
When Hou Jing defected, Wang Sizheng sent Guo Xian forward to Three Geese and posted him at Luyang. He was made grand area commander and enfeoffed Baron of Anwu with four hundred households. He was soon raised to Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, equal-in-protocol to the Three Excellencies, with the added title Regular Attendant-in-Ordinary. While Yingchuan was under siege, Eastern Wei sent the tribal chief Lu He to rouse the barbarians and try to sever the grain route. Lu He then put his cousin Yu He in charge of Hanguang commandery and sent his own followers to harry the province. Guo Xian secretly mustered picked troops, struck by surprise with a light column, broke them utterly, and took Lu He alive. Yingchuan soon fell; Quan Jingxuan and the rest pulled their forces back west, and everything east of Luyang went over to Eastern Wei. Eastern Wei general Peng Le seized the moment and marched to attack. Guo Xian steadied his troops until every man fought his hardest; Peng Le failed to break him and withdrew. Eastern Wei then installed the local leader Wei Mo'er as governor of Yi Prefecture and held Fucheng to threaten Guo Xian. Guo Xian marched out again, attacked Wei Mo'er, and took him prisoner. He was transferred to governor of Guang Prefecture.
45
後從尉遲迥伐蜀，行安州事。 魏恭帝元年，行寧蜀郡事，兼益州長史。 以平蜀勳，進爵為伯，增邑五百戶。 轉行始州事。 孝閔帝踐阼，進位驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，進爵為侯，增邑通前一千四百戶。 世宗初，除 （迎） 〔匠〕師中大夫。 尋出為勳州刺史，鎮玉壁。 武成二年，遷安應等十二州諸軍事、安州刺史，進爵樂昌縣公。 賢在官雖無明察之譽，以廉平待物，去後頗亦見思。 保定三年，轉陝州刺史。 天和元年，卒於位。 贈少保、寧蔚朔三州刺史，諡曰節。
Later he followed Yuchi Jiong in the conquest of Shu and acted as administrator of An Prefecture. In the first year of Emperor Gong of Wei he governed Ningshu commandery while also serving as senior administrator of Yi Province. Merit in pacifying Shu raised him to baron and added five hundred households to his fief. He was transferred to act as administrator of Shi Prefecture. When Emperor Xiaomin took the throne, Guo Xian rose to Grand General of Agile Cavalry and opening-office equal-in-protocol to the Three Excellencies, was enfeoffed marquis, and his fief reached fourteen hundred households in total. At the start of Emperor Shizong's reign he was made general-master middle grandee. He was soon sent out as governor of Xun Prefecture and posted at Yubi. In Wucheng year 2 he became commander over twelve prefectures including An and Ying and governor of An Prefecture, and was raised to Duke of Lechang. Guo Xian was never famed for keen judgment, but he governed fairly and with restraint, and after his departure people still spoke of him fondly. In Baoding year 3 he was transferred to governor of Shan Prefecture. He died in office in Tianhe year 1. He was posthumously made junior preceptor and governor of Ning, Wei, and Shuo provinces, with the posthumous name Jie.
46
賢衣服飲食雖以儉約自處，而居家豐麗，室有餘貲。 時論譏其詐云。 子正嗣。
Guo Xian dressed and ate plainly in public, yet kept a lavish house and ample private means. Contemporaries, it was said, derided the pretense. Zheng inherited the line.
47
史臣曰：昔耿恭抗勁虜於疏勒，馬敦拒羣兵於汧城，雖以生易死，終賴王師之助，其嘉聲峻節，亦見稱於良史焉。 賀若敦志節慷慨，深入敵境，勍敵絕其糧道，長江阻其歸塗，勢危而策出無方，事迫而雄心彌厲。 故能使士卒感其義，敵人畏其威，利涉死地，全師而返。 非夫忘生以徇國者，其孰能若此者乎。 俯窺元定之傳，曾糞土之不若也。 誠宜裂地以賞之，分職以授之； 而茂勳莫紀，嚴刑已及。 嗟乎！ 政之紕繆，一至於此！ 天下是以知宇文護不能終其位焉。
The historiographer writes: Long ago Geng Gong held Shule against overwhelming foes and Ma Dun turned back a host at Qian city; both were ready to die, yet both needed the imperial army's rescue before their glory entered the annals. He Ruodun was ardent and resolute; he plunged deep into enemy country while strong foes severed his supplies and the Yangtze cut off retreat. Peril closed in with no plan at hand, yet the tighter the crisis, the fiercer his will. His men were moved by his example, his enemies cowed by his name; he crossed ground where death waited and brought the whole army home. Who but a man ready to die for his country could have done the same? Set beside the account of Yuan Ding, He Ruodun was worth more than a heap of dust. He deserved fiefs cut from the realm and high office commensurate with his deeds; yet his towering service went unrewarded while harsh punishment fell on him instead. Ah, what a pity! Government had gone so far wrong! The realm could see from this that Duke of Jin Yuwen Hu would not hold power to the end.
48
史寧、權景宣並以將帥之才，受內外之寵。 總戎薄伐，著剋敵之功； 布政蒞民，垂稱職之譽。 若此者，豈非有國之良翰歟。 然而史在末年，貨財虧其雅志。 權亦晚節矜驕，喪其威聲。 傳曰「終之實難」，其斯之謂矣。
Shi Ning and Quan Jingxuan were both born commanders and enjoyed favor at court and in the field. Leading troops in swift campaigns, they won clear victories over the foe; In civil rule they governed the people well and earned lasting praise for competent service. Were these not precisely the sort of men a state needs as its firm supports? Yet in his last years Shi Ning let greed for wealth stain the high purpose of his youth. Quan Jingxuan, too, turned arrogant in old age and forfeited the authority his name had once carried. As the Classic says, "To finish well is the hard part"—exactly that.
49
陸騰志氣懍然，雅仗名節。 及授戎律，建藩麾，席捲巴梁，則功著銘典； 雲撤江漢，則聲流帝籍。 身名俱劭，其最優乎。
Lu Teng's bearing was austere and he lived by name and principle. Once he took command and raised his standard on the frontier, rolling through Ba and Liang, his achievements were fit to be cut in stone; and when peace spread over the Jiang and Han, his renown entered the court's records. In life and in fame alike he stood foremost—was he not the best of them all?
50
全文以中華書局、一九七一年十一月版《周書》為本校。
This text was collated against the Zhonghua Shuju edition of the 《Book of Zhou》 (November 1971).