1
李棠柳檜杜叔毗荊可秦族皇甫遐張元
Li Tang, Liu Gui, Du Shubi, Jing Ke, Qin Zu, Huangfu Xia, and Zhang Yuan
2
夫塞天地而橫四海者，其唯孝乎； 奉大功而立顯名者，其唯義乎。 何則？ 孝始事親，惟后資於致治； 義在合宜，惟人賴以成德。 上智稟自然之性，中庸有企及之美。 其大也，則隆家光國，盛烈與河海爭流； 授命滅親，峻節與竹 （帛） 〔栢〕俱茂。 其小也，則溫枕扇席，無替於晨昏； 損己利物，有助於名教。 是以堯舜湯武居帝王之位，垂至德以敦其風； 孔墨荀孟稟聖賢之資，弘正道以勵其俗。 觀其所由，在此而已矣。
What fills Heaven and Earth and spans the four seas—is it not filial piety alone? What sustains great merit and wins illustrious fame—is it not righteousness alone? Why is this so? Filial piety begins with serving one's parents; only from that foundation can one contribute to good government. Righteousness lies in doing what is fitting; only through it do people complete their moral character. The highest minds are born with nature's gifts; those of the middle path have virtues one may still aspire to attain. At its greatest, it elevates the family and brings glory to the state, its splendid deeds flowing like rivers and seas; or accepting a charge that severs one's kin—integrity as unyielding as bamboo Per the silk manuscript, cypress is read in place of bamboo and cypress—flourishing together without fail. At its smallest, warming the pillow and fanning the mat, never slackening from dawn to dusk; sacrificing oneself to benefit others, strengthening the norms of moral teaching. That is why Yao, Shun, Tang, and Wu sat as emperors and kings, extending supreme virtue to deepen the customs of their age; while Confucius, Mozi, Xunzi, and Mencius bore the endowment of sages and spread the true Way to stir their contemporaries. When one traces what they built upon, the source lies here and nowhere else.
3
然而淳源旣往，澆風愈扇。 禮義不樹，廉讓莫修。 若乃綰銀黃，列鐘鼎，立於朝廷之間，非一族也，其出忠入孝，輕生蹈節者，則蓋寡焉。 積龜貝，實倉廩，居於閭巷之內，非一家也，其悅禮敦詩，守死善道者，則又鮮焉。 斯固仁人君子所以興歎，哲後賢宰所宜屬心。 如令明教化以救其弊，優爵賞以勸其善，布懇誠以誘其進，積歲月以求其終，則今之所謂少者可以為多矣，古之所謂為難者可以為易矣。 故博采異聞，網羅遺逸，錄其可以垂範方來者，為孝義篇云。
Yet the pure source has long since receded, and corrupting winds blow ever harder. Rites and righteousness go unplanted; modesty and yielding go uncultivated. Among those who wear silver seals and yellow cords, who display bronze bells and tripods, and stand in the halls of court—not a single clan only—how few are those who go forth loyal and return filial, who lightly hold life cheap and walk the path of integrity. Among those who heap up tortoise shells and cowries and fill their granaries, living in lanes and alleys—not one household only—how scarce are those who delight in rites and cherish the Odes, who hold fast unto death and keep to the good Way. This is precisely why humane gentlemen sigh, and why wise rulers and worthy ministers should take it to heart. If rulers would clarify moral teaching to remedy these ills, favor rank and reward to encourage the good, spread sincere good faith to draw people forward, and give years to see the outcome through, then what is now called rare could become common, and what antiquity called hard could become easy. Therefore I have gathered unusual accounts from far and wide, netted what survives of the past, and recorded those who may set an example for generations to come, composing this chapter on Filial Piety and Righteousness.
4
李棠字長卿，勃海蓨人也。 祖伯貴，魏宣武時官至魯郡守。 有孝行，居父喪，哀戚過禮，遂以毀卒。 宣武嘉之，贈勃海相。 父元冑，員外散騎侍郎。
Li Tang, whose courtesy name was Changqing, came from Tiao in Bohai commandery. His grandfather Bo Gui had served in the reign of Emperor Xuanwu of Wei and risen to Administrator of Lu commandery. He was known for filial conduct; while mourning his father, his grief exceeded what the rites allowed, and he died from the damage to his health. Emperor Xuanwu commended him and posthumously enfeoffed him as Chancellor of Bohai. His father Yuan Zhou held the post of Outer Gentleman Attendant-in-Ordinary.
5
棠幼孤，好學，有志操。 年十七，屬爾朱之亂，與司空高乾兄弟，舉兵信都。 魏中興初，辟衛軍府功曹參軍。 太昌中，以軍功除征虜將軍，行東萊郡事。 魏孝武西遷，棠時在凹北，遂仕東魏。
Tang lost his father while still young, loved learning, and possessed firm resolve and integrity. At seventeen, amid the turmoil of the Erzhu clan, he joined the Minister of Works Gao Gan and his brothers in raising troops at Xindu. At the beginning of Wei's Zhongxing restoration, he was summoned to serve as Registrar in the Guard Army headquarters. In the Taichang era, he was made General Who Punishes Barbarians on account of military merit and acted as Administrator of Donglai commandery. When Emperor Xiaowu of Wei moved the court west, Tang was in the region north of Ye and therefore entered the service of Eastern Wei.
6
及高仲密為北豫州刺史，請棠為掾。 先是，仲密與吏部郎中崔暹有隙。 暹時被齊文襄委任，仲密恐其構己，每不自安，將圖來附。 時東魏又遣鎮城奚壽興典兵事，仲密但知民務而已。 旣至州，遂與棠謀執壽興以成其計。 仲密乃置酒延壽興，陰伏壯士，欲因此執之。 壽興辭而不赴。 棠遂往見之曰：「君與高公，義符昆季。 今日之席，以公為首。 豈有賓客總萃，而公無事不行？ 將恐遠近聞之，竊有疑怪。」 壽興遂與俱赴，便發伏執之。 乃帥其士衆據城，遣棠詣闕歸款。 太祖嘉之，拜棠衛將軍、右光祿大夫，封廣宗縣公，邑一千戶。 棠固辭曰：「臣世荷朝恩，義當奉國。 而往者見拘逆命，不獲陪駕西巡。 今日之來，免罪為幸，何敢以此微庸，冒受天爵。」 如此者再三，優詔不許。 俄遷給事黃門侍郎，加車騎大將軍、儀同三司、散騎常侍。
When Gao Zhongmi became Governor of North Yuzhou, he asked Tang to serve as his aide. Earlier, Zhongmi had fallen out with Cui Xuan of the Ministry of Personnel. Xuan was then entrusted with authority by Prince Wenxiang of Qi, and Zhongmi feared he would plot against him; uneasy at every turn, he planned to defect and surrender. Eastern Wei had also sent Xi Shouxing to garrison the city and oversee military affairs, while Zhongmi handled only civil administration. Once he reached the province, he at once plotted with Tang to seize Shouxing and carry out his design. Zhongmi then set out wine to invite Shouxing, with stalwart men hidden nearby, intending to seize him at the feast. Shouxing declined and did not attend. Tang then went to see him and said, "You and Lord Gao are joined in righteousness like brothers. Today's banquet is held with you as the guest of honor. How can all the guests be assembled while you, the chief guest, stay away without cause? I fear that when word spreads far and near, people will privately wonder at it." Shouxing then went with him, and the hidden men at once seized him. He then led his troops to hold the city and sent Tang to the capital to offer surrender. The Grand Progenitor commended him and appointed Tang General of the Guard and Right Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, enfeoffing him as Duke of Guangzong with a fief of one thousand households. Tang firmly declined, saying, "My family has received the dynasty's grace for generations; in righteousness I ought to serve the state. Yet formerly I was held back against my will and could not accompany the court on its move west. To come today and be spared punishment is already my good fortune; how dare I, for this slight service, presumptuously accept a heavenly rank?" He spoke thus again and again, but gracious edicts would not allow it. Before long he was transferred to Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gate, with the additional titles of Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, Pillar of State of the Third Rank, and Regular Attendant.
7
魏廢帝二年，從魏安公尉遲迥伐蜀。 蜀人未卽降，棠乃應募，先使諭之。 旣入成都，蕭撝問迥軍中委曲，棠不對。 撝乃苦笞辱之，冀獲其實。 棠曰：「爾亡國餘燼，不識安危。 奉命諭爾，反見躓頓。 我王者忠臣，有死而已，義不為爾移志也。」 撝不能得其要指，遂害之。 子敞嗣。
In the second year of Emperor Fei of Wei, he followed Duke of Wei'an Yuchi Jiong in the campaign against Shu. The people of Shu had not yet surrendered; Tang then volunteered and was sent ahead to announce the imperial will. Once he entered Chengdu, Xiao Hui questioned him about Jiong's army; Tang would not answer. Hui then cruelly flogged and humiliated him, hoping to force out the truth. Tang said, "You are the dying embers of a fallen state and do not know safety from peril. I was ordered to announce the will to you, yet on the contrary I meet abuse and obstruction. I am a loyal minister of my king's house; I have death and nothing more—I will not, in righteousness, change my purpose for your sake." Hui could not obtain what he sought and therefore killed him. His son Chang succeeded him.
8
柳檜字季華，秘書監虯之次弟也。 性剛簡任氣，少文，善騎射，果於斷決。 年十八，起家奉朝請。 居父喪，毀瘠骨立。 服闋，除陽城郡丞、防城都督。 大統四年，從太祖戰于河橋，先登有功。 授都督，鎮鄯州。 八年，拜湟河郡守，仍典軍事。 尋加平東將軍、太中大夫。 吐谷渾入寇郡境，時檜兵少，人懷憂懼。 檜撫而勉之，衆心乃安。 因率數十人先擊之，潰亂，餘衆乘之，遂大敗而走。 以功封萬年縣子，邑三百戶。 時吐谷渾強盛，數侵疆埸。 自檜鎮鄯州，屢戰必破之。 數年之後，不敢為寇。 十四年，遷河州別駕，轉帥都督。 俄拜使持節、撫軍將軍、大都督。 居三載，徵還京師。
Liu Gui, whose courtesy name was Jihua, was the second younger brother of Secretariat Director Jiu. By nature he was stern and plain, trusting to his own spirit; he had little literary polish but excelled at mounted archery and was decisive in judgment. At eighteen he first entered service as a Court Gentleman for Imperial Attendance. While mourning his father, he wasted his body until he was little more than bone standing upright. When mourning ended, he was made Assistant Administrator of Yangcheng commandery and Defender Commander of Fangcheng. In the fourth year of Datong, he followed the Grand Progenitor in battle at Heqiao and was first to scale the wall, earning merit. He was made Commander-in-Chief and garrisoned Zhengzhou. In the eighth year he was appointed Administrator of Huanghe commandery while still overseeing military affairs. Before long he was additionally made General Who Pacifies the East and Grand Master of Palace Counsel. The Tuyuhun invaded the commandery border; at the time Gui had few troops and the people were filled with fear. Gui comforted and encouraged them, and the people's hearts were steadied. He then led several dozen men in a first strike; when the enemy broke in disorder, the rest of the troops pressed the advantage and routed them completely. For his merit he was enfeoffed as Viscount of Wannian with a fief of three hundred households. At that time the Tuyuhun were powerful and repeatedly invaded the frontier. From the time Gui garrisoned Zhengzhou, he defeated them in battle after battle. After several years they no longer dared to raid. In the fourteenth year he was transferred to Vice Administrator of Hezhou and then made Commander-in-Chief of the army. Before long he was appointed Bearer of the Staff of Authority, General Who Pacifies the Army, and Commander-in-Chief. After three years in office he was summoned back to the capital.
9
時檜兄虯為秘書丞，弟慶為尚書左丞。 檜嘗謂兄弟曰：「兄則職典簡牘，褒貶人倫； 弟則管轄羣司，股肱朝廷。 可謂榮寵矣。 然而四方未靜，車書不一，檜唯當蒙矢石，履危難，以報國恩耳。」 頃之，太祖謂檜曰：「卿昔在鄯州，忠勇顯著。 今西境肅清，無勞經畧。 九曲，國之東鄙，當勞君守之。」 遂令檜鎮九曲。
At that time Gui's elder brother Jiu was Secretariat Director and his younger brother Qing was Left Assistant Director of the Masters of Writing. Gui once said to his brothers, "Elder brother holds office over documents and records, weighing praise and blame among mankind; younger brother oversees the various offices, the arms and thighs of the court. One may call this glory and favor indeed. Yet the four quarters are not yet tranquil and the realm is not yet united; Gui alone ought to bear arrows and stones, tread danger and hardship, to repay the state's grace. Before long the Grand Progenitor said to Gui, "You formerly at Zhengzhou showed loyalty and courage in full measure. Now the western border is cleared and settled; there is no need for further campaigning. Jiuqu is the eastern marches of the state; I ought to trouble you to guard it." He thereupon ordered Gui to garrison Jiuqu.
10
尋從大將軍王雄討上津、魏興，平之，卽除魏興、華陽二郡守。 安康人黃衆寶謀反，連結黨與，攻圍州城。 乃相謂曰：「嘗聞柳府君勇悍，其鋒不可當。 今旣在外，方為吾徒腹心之疾也，不如先擊之。」 遂圍檜郡。 郡城卑下，士衆寡弱，又無守禦之備。 連戰積十餘日，士卒僅有存者，於是力屈城陷，身被十數創，遂為賊所獲。 旣而衆寶等進圍東梁州，乃縛檜置城下，欲令檜誘說城中。 檜乃大呼曰：「羣賊烏合，糧食已罄，行卽退散，各宜勉之！」 衆寶大怒，乃臨檜以兵曰：「速更汝辭！ 不爾，便就戮矣。」 檜守節不變。 遂害之，棄屍水中。 城中人皆為之流涕。 衆寶解圍之後，檜兄子止戈方收檜屍還長安。 贈東梁州刺史。 子斌嗣。
Before long he followed Grand General Wang Xiong in attacking Shangjin and Weixing; when they were pacified, he was at once made Administrator of both Weixing and Huayang commanderies. Huang Zhongbao of Ankang plotted rebellion, linking party members and attacking and besieging the prefectural city. They said to one another, "We have heard that Prefect Liu is fierce and bold; his edge cannot be withstood. Now that he is outside, he is the disease at the heart of our cause; we had better strike him first." They thereupon besieged Gui's commandery. The commandery city was low and mean, the troops few and weak, and there were no preparations for defense. Battle continued for more than ten days; of the soldiers only a few survived; when strength was exhausted the city fell; his body received more than ten wounds, and the rebels seized him. Before long Zhongbao and the rest advanced to besiege East Liangzhou; they bound Gui and placed him below the city, wishing to make him entice the city to surrender. Gui then shouted loudly, "The rebel band is a mob gathered for the moment; their grain is already exhausted; they will soon withdraw and disperse—each of you should press on!" Zhongbao was greatly enraged and, leveling weapons at Gui, said, "Quickly change your words! If not, you will be put to death at once." Gui held to his integrity and would not change. They then killed him and cast his corpse into the water. Everyone in the city wept for him. After Zhongbao lifted the siege, Gui's nephew Zhi Ge recovered Gui's corpse and brought it back to Chang'an. He was posthumously appointed Governor of East Liangzhou. His son Bin succeeded him.
11
斌字伯達。 年十七，齊公憲召為記室。 早卒。
Bin, whose courtesy name was Boda. At seventeen, Duke of Qi Xian summoned him to serve as Recorder. He died young.
12
斌弟雄亮，字信誠。 幼有志節，好學不倦。 年十二，遭父艱，幾至滅性。 終喪之後，志在復讎。 柱國、蔡國公廣欽其名行，引為記室參軍。 年始弱冠，府中文筆，頗亦委之。 後竟手刃衆寶於京城。 朝野咸重其志節，高祖特恕之。 由是知名。 大象末，位至賓部下大夫。
Bin's younger brother Xiongliang, whose courtesy name was Xincheng. From youth he had resolve and integrity and loved learning without tiring. At twelve he encountered his father's mourning and nearly destroyed himself with grief. After mourning ended, his purpose was set on taking revenge. Pillar of State and Duke of Cai Guang admired his reputation and conduct and brought him in as Recorder in the headquarters. He had just reached the capping age; the literary work of the headquarters was also largely entrusted to him. Later he at last slew Zhongbao with his own hand in the capital. Court and countryside all respected his resolve and integrity; Emperor Gaozu especially pardoned him. From this he became known. At the end of the Daxiang era he reached the post of Attendant Grand Master of the Guests.
13
杜叔毗字子弼。 其先，京兆杜陵人也，徙居襄陽。 祖乾光，齊司徒右長史。 父漸，梁邊城太守。
Du Shubi, whose courtesy name was Zibi. His ancestors were natives of Duling in Jingzhao and had moved to settle in Xiangyang. His grandfather Qian'guang was Right Chief Clerk to the Minister of Works of Qi. His father Jian was Border City Administrator under Liang.
14
叔毗早歲而孤，事母以孝聞。 性慷慨有志節。 勵精好學，尤善《左氏春秋》。 仕梁，為宜豐侯蕭循府中直兵參軍。 大統十七年，太祖令大將軍達奚武經畧漢州。 明年，武圍循於南鄭。 循令叔毗詣闕請和。 太祖見而禮之。 使未反，而循中直兵參軍曹策、參軍劉曉謀以城降武。 時叔毗兄君錫為循中記室參軍，從子映錄事參軍，映弟晰中直兵參軍，竝有文武材畧，各領部曲數百人。 策等忌之，懼不同己，遂誣以謀叛，擅加害焉。 循尋討策等，擒之，斬曉而免策。 及循降，策至長安。 叔毗朝夕號泣，具申冤狀。 朝議以事在歸附之前，不可追罪。 叔毗內懷憤惋，志在復讎。 然恐違朝憲，坐及其母，遂沉吟積時。 母知其意，謂叔毗曰：「汝兄橫罹禍酷，痛切骨髓。 若曹策朝死，吾以夕歿，亦所甘心。 汝何疑焉。」 叔毗拜受母言，愈更感勵。 後遂白日手刃策於京城，斷首刳腹，解其肢體。 然後面縛，請就戮焉。 太祖嘉其志氣，特命赦之。
Shubi lost his father while still young and served his mother with a reputation for filial piety. By nature he was generous and had resolve and integrity. He strove in spirit and loved learning, especially excelling in Mr. Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals. He served Liang as Direct Troops Attendant in the headquarters of Marquis Yifeng Xiao Xun. In the seventeenth year of Datong, the Grand Progenitor ordered Grand General Daxi Wu to campaign in Hanzhou. The next year Wu besieged Xun at Nanzheng. Xun ordered Shubi to go to the capital to sue for peace. The Grand Progenitor saw him and treated him with courtesy. The envoy had not yet returned when Xun's Direct Troops Attendant Cao Ce and Attendant Liu Xiao plotted to surrender the city to Wu. At the time Shubi's elder brother Junxi was Recorder in Xun's headquarters, his nephew Ying was Recording Attendant, and Ying's younger brother Xi was Direct Troops Attendant—all had civil and military talent, each leading several hundred men in their retinues. Ce and the rest envied them, fearing they would not join them, and therefore falsely accused them of plotting rebellion and killed them on their own authority. Xun soon investigated Ce and the rest, seized them, executed Xiao and spared Ce. When Xun surrendered, Ce came to Chang'an. Shubi wept morning and evening, fully stating the facts of the injustice. Court discussion held that the matter occurred before submission and surrender, and punishment could not be pursued. Shubi harbored resentment within and set his purpose on revenge. Yet he feared violating court law and implicating his mother, and therefore hesitated for a long time. His mother knew his intent and said to Shubi, "Your brother suffered cruel calamity by violence; the pain cuts to the marrow. If Cao Ce dies in the morning, I shall die in the evening—that too I would accept with a willing heart. What doubt do you have?" Shubi bowed and received his mother's words and was all the more stirred and encouraged. Later he therefore in broad daylight slew Ce with his own hand in the capital, cut off his head, disemboweled him, and dismembered his limbs. He then bound himself and asked to undergo execution. The Grand Progenitor commended his spirit and resolve and specially ordered him pardoned.
15
尋拜都督、輔國將軍、中散大夫。 遭母憂，哀毀骨立，殆不勝喪。 服闋，晉公護辟為中外府樂曹參軍，加授大都督，遷使持節、車騎大將軍、儀同三司，行義歸郡守。 自君錫及宗室等為曹策所害，猶殯梁州，至是表請迎喪歸葬。 高祖許之，葬事所須，詔令官給。 在梁舊田宅經外配者，竝追還之，仍賜田二百頃。 尋除硤州刺史。
Before long he was appointed Commander-in-Chief, General Who Assists the State, and Palace Counsel Grand Master. He encountered his mother's mourning; his grief wasted him until only bone remained standing, and he nearly could not survive the mourning. When mourning ended, Duke of Jin Hu summoned him as Music Bureau Attendant in the Inner and Outer headquarters, with additional appointment as Commander-in-Chief; he was transferred to Bearer of the Staff of Authority, Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, Pillar of State of the Third Rank, and Acting Administrator of Yigui commandery. Since Junxi and the clansmen had been harmed by Cao Ce, their coffins still lay in Liangzhou; at this time he memorialized requesting to bring the coffins home for burial. Emperor Gaozu granted it; what the funeral required was ordered supplied by the officials. Former fields and residences in Liang that had been allotted to others were all recovered and returned, and two hundred qing of fields were additionally granted. Before long he was made Governor of Xiazhou.
16
天和二年，從衛國公直南討，軍敗，為陳人所擒。 陳人將降之，叔毗辭色不撓，遂被害。 子廉卿。
In the second year of Tianhe he followed Duke of Weiguo Zhi on the southern campaign; the army was defeated and he was seized by the people of Chen. The people of Chen were about to make him surrender; Shubi's expression and color did not yield, and he was therefore killed. His son Lianqing.
17
荊可，河東猗氏人也。 性質朴，容止有異於人。 能苦身勤力，供養其母，隨時甘旨，終無匱乏。 及母喪，水漿不入口三日。 悲號擗踴，絕而復蘇者數四。 葬母之後，遂廬於墓側。 晝夜悲哭，負土成墳。 蓬發不櫛沐，菜食飲水而已。 然可家舊墓，塋域極大，榛蕪至深，去家十餘里。 而可獨宿其中，與禽獸雜處。 哀感遠近，邑里稱之。
Jing Ke was a native of Yishi in Hedong. By nature he was plain and unadorned; his bearing and conduct differed from ordinary men. He could torment his body and exert his strength, providing for his mother; timely delicacies were never lacking. When his mother died he did not take water or broth into his mouth for three days. He wailed and beat his breast; he fainted and revived four times. After burying his mother he thereupon built a hut beside the tomb. Day and night he wept in grief and carried earth to make the mound. His hair grew unkempt without combing or washing; he ate only vegetables and drank only water. Yet the Ke family's old tombs had a burial ground extremely large, overgrown with brambles to great depth, more than ten li from home. Yet Ke alone lodged within it, dwelling among birds and beasts. His grief moved distant and near; the district praised him.
18
大統中，鄉人以可孝行之至，足以勸勵風俗，乃上言焉。 太祖令州縣表異之。 及服終之後，猶若居喪。 大冢宰、晉公護聞可孝行，特引見焉。 與可言論，時有會於護意。 而護亦至孝，其母閻氏沒於敵境，不測存亡。 每見可，自傷久乖膝下。 重可至性。 及可卒之後，護猶思其純孝，收可妻子于京城，恆給其衣食。
In the Datong era the people of his district, because Ke's filial conduct reached the utmost and was sufficient to encourage and stir custom, thereupon submitted a memorial. The Grand Progenitor ordered the province and district to memorialize him as exceptional. After mourning ended he was still as if in mourning. Grand Minister of State and Duke of Jin Hu heard of Ke's filial conduct and especially summoned him for an audience. In conversation with Ke, at times his words accorded with Hu's intent. Yet Hu was also extremely filial; his mother Lady Yan had perished in enemy territory and her survival or death was unknown. Whenever he saw Ke he grieved himself for long estrangement from his mother's knees. He valued Ke's utmost nature. After Ke died Hu still thought of his pure filial piety, gathered Ke's wife and children in the capital, and constantly supplied their clothing and food.
19
秦族，上郡洛川人也。 祖白、父雚，竝有至性，聞於閭里。 魏太和中，板白潁州刺史。 大統中，板雚鄜城郡守。
Qin Zu was a native of Luochuan in Shang commandery. His grandfather Bai and father Guan both had utmost nature and were known in lanes and alleys. In the Taihe era of Wei, Bai was appointed Governor of Yingzhou. In the Datong era, Guan was appointed Administrator of Fucheng commandery.
20
族性至孝，事親竭力，為鄉里所稱。 及其父喪，哀毀過禮，每一痛哭，酸感行路。 旣以母在，恒抑割哀情，以慰其母意。 四時珍羞，未嘗匱乏。 與弟榮先，復相友愛，閨門之中，怡怡如也。 尋而其母又沒，哭泣無時，唯飲水食菜而已。 終喪之後，猶蔬食，不入房室二十許年。 鄉里咸歎異之。 其邑人王元達等七十餘人上其狀，有詔表其門閭。
Zu by nature was utmost in filial piety; in serving his parents he exhausted his strength and was praised by lanes and alleys. When his father died his grief exceeded the rites; each time he wept bitterly, the sour grief moved those on the road. Since his mother was still alive, he constantly restrained and cut short his grief to comfort his mother's mind. Seasonal delicacies were never lacking. With his younger brother Rongxian he was again mutually affectionate; within the inner quarters they were cheerful and at ease. Before long his mother also died; he wept without regard to time and took only water and ate only vegetables. After mourning ended he still ate only vegetables and did not enter the inner rooms for some twenty years. Lanes and alleys all sighed and marveled at him. Wang Yuanda and more than seventy others of his district submitted his record; an edict was issued to mark his gate and lane.
21
榮先亦至孝。 遭母喪，哀慕不已，遂以毀卒。 邑裏化其孝行。 世宗嘉之，乃下詔曰：「孝為政本，德乃化先，旣表天經，又明地義。 榮先居喪致疾，至感過人，窮號不反，迄乎滅性。 行標當世，理鏡幽明。 此而不顯，道將何述。 可贈滄州刺史，以旌厥異。」
Rongxian was also utmost in filial piety. He encountered his mother's mourning; his grief and longing did not cease, and he therefore died from the damage to his person. The district was transformed by his filial conduct. Emperor Shizong commended him and thereupon issued an edict saying, "Filial piety is the root of government; virtue is what transforms first—it displays the heavenly norm and clarifies earthly righteousness. Rongxian in mourning brought on illness; his utmost feeling surpassed other men; his exhausted wailing did not return until he destroyed his nature. His conduct marks the age; his principle mirrors the hidden and manifest. If this is not displayed, by what means will the Way be transmitted? He may be posthumously made Governor of Cangzhou to signal this exceptional merit."
22
皇甫遐字永覽，河東汾陰人也。 累世寒微，而鄉里稱其和睦。 遐性純至，少喪父，事母以孝聞。 保定末，又遭母喪，乃廬於墓側，負土為墳。 後於墓南作一禪窟，陰雨則穿窟，晴霽則營墓，曉夕勤力，未嘗暫停。 積以歲年，墳高數丈，周回五十餘步。 禪窟重台兩匝，總成十有二室，中間行道，可容百人。 遐食粥枕塊，櫛風沐雨，形容枯悴，家人不識。 當其營墓之初，乃有鴟烏各一，徘徊悲鳴，不離墓側，若助遐者，經月餘日乃去。 遠近聞其至孝，競以米麵遺之。 遐皆受而不食，悉以營佛齋焉。 郡縣表上其狀，有詔旌異之。
Huangfu Xia, whose courtesy name was Yonglan, was a native of Fenyin in Hedong. For generations they were poor and humble, yet lanes and alleys praised their harmony. Xia by nature was pure and utmost; he lost his father while young and served his mother with a reputation for filial piety. At the end of the Baoding era he again encountered his mother's mourning; he thereupon built a hut beside the tomb and carried earth to raise the mound. Later south of the tomb he dug a meditation cave; on rainy days he worked inside it, on clear days he tended the tomb—from dawn to dusk he labored without a moment's rest. Over the years the mound rose several zhang high, with a circumference of more than fifty paces. The meditation cave had two tiers of galleries, twelve chambers in all; the central passage could hold a hundred men. Xia ate only gruel and slept on an unfired mourning brick; exposed to wind and rain until his form was withered and haggard, his family could no longer recognize him. When he first undertook the tomb, a pair of ospreys circled and cried mournfully beside it, as if assisting Xia; after more than a month they departed. Distant and near heard of his utmost filial piety and vied to bring him rice and flour. Xia accepted their gifts but did not eat them, using all to provide Buddhist offerings. The commandery and district memorialized his record upward; an edict was issued to signal his exceptional merit.
23
張元字孝始，河北芮城人也。 祖成，假平陽郡守。 父延雋，仕州郡，累為功曹、主簿。 竝以純至，為鄉里所推。
Zhang Yuan, whose courtesy name was Xiaoshi, was a native of Ruicheng in Hebei. His grandfather Cheng served as Acting Administrator of Pingyang commandery. His father Yanjuan served in provinces and commanderies, repeatedly as Merit Officer and Chief Clerk. Both were pure and upright and were commended throughout their neighborhoods.
24
元性謙謹，有孝行。 微涉經史，然精修釋典。 年六歲，其祖以夏中熱甚，欲將元就井浴。 元固不肯從。 祖謂其貪戲，乃以杖擊其頭曰：「汝何為不肯洗浴？」 元對曰：「衣以蓋形，為覆其褻。 元不能褻露其體于白日之下。」 祖異而舍之。 南鄰有二杏樹，杏熟，多落元園中。 諸小兒競取而食之； 元所得者，送還其主。 村陌有狗子為人所棄者，元見，卽收而養之。 其叔父怒曰：「何用此為？」 將欲更棄之。 元對曰：「有生之類，莫不重其性命。 若天生天殺，自然之理。 今為人所棄而死，非其道也。 若見而不收養，無仁心也。 是以收而養之。」 叔父感其言，遂許焉。 未幾，乃有狗母銜一死兔，置元前而去。
Yuan by nature was modest and cautious and had a record of filial conduct. He had some acquaintance with the classics and histories, yet devoted himself chiefly to Buddhist sutras. At age six his grandfather, because the midsummer heat was fierce, wished to take Yuan to bathe at the well. Yuan firmly refused to go. His grandfather thought him greedy for play and struck his head with a staff, saying, "Why will you not bathe?" Yuan replied, "Clothing covers the body in order to veil what is private. Yuan cannot expose his private body beneath the open sky." His grandfather marveled and desisted. South of the neighborhood stood two apricot trees; when the apricots ripened many fell into Yuan's garden. The village children vied to take and eat them; what Yuan gathered he returned to the owner. In the lanes was a pup someone had abandoned; when Yuan saw it he at once took it in and reared it. His uncle was angry and said, "What use is this?" He was about to abandon it again. Yuan replied, "Among living creatures none fails to value its life. If Heaven gives birth and Heaven takes life, that is nature's way. Now to die because people cast one away is not the proper Way. If one sees it yet does not take it in, one lacks a humane heart. That is why I take it in and rear it." His uncle was moved by his words and thereupon permitted it. Before long the mother dog brought a dead hare in her mouth, laid it before Yuan, and departed.
25
及元年十六，其祖喪明三年，元恒憂泣，晝夜讀佛經，禮拜以祈福佑。 後讀《藥師經》，見盲者得視之言，遂請七僧，然七燈，七日七夜，轉《藥師經》行道。 每言：「天人師乎！ 元為孫不孝，使祖喪明。 今以燈光普施法界，願祖目見明，元求代闇。」 如此經七日。 其夜，夢見一老公，以金鎞治其祖目。 謂元曰：「勿憂悲也，三日之後，汝祖目必差。」 元於夢中喜躍，遂卽驚覺，乃遍告家人。 居三日，祖果目明。
When Yuan reached sixteen his grandfather had been blind for three years; Yuan constantly grieved and wept, reading Buddhist sutras day and night and performing obeisance to seek divine protection. Later, reading the Medicine Master Sutra, he saw the passage that the blind may regain sight; he thereupon invited seven monks, lit seven lamps, and for seven days and seven nights performed ritual procession with the Medicine Master Sutra. Each time he said, "Teacher of gods and men! Yuan as grandson was unfilial and caused his grandfather to lose his sight. Now with lamp-light spread through the dharma-realm, I pray my grandfather's eyes may see clearly; let Yuan take the darkness in his place." He did thus for seven days. That night he dreamed of an old man who with a golden lancet treated his grandfather's eyes. He said to Yuan, "Do not grieve; after three days your grandfather's eyes will surely recover." Yuan in the dream leaped for joy, then startled awake, and told the whole family. After three days his grandfather's eyes indeed became clear.
26
其後祖臥疾再周，元恆隨祖所食多少，衣冠不解，旦夕扶侍。 及祖歿，號踴，絕而復蘇。 復喪其父，水漿不入口三日。 鄉里咸歎異之。 縣博士楊軌等二百餘人上其狀，有詔表其門閭。
Afterward his grandfather lay ill for two full years; Yuan matched his grandfather's meals, never removed his cap and belt, and morning and evening supported and served him. When his grandfather died he wailed and stamped; he fainted and revived. He again mourned his father and did not take water or broth into his mouth for three days. Throughout the neighborhood people sighed and marveled at him. District Scholar Yang Gui and more than two hundred others submitted his record; an edict was issued to mark his gate and lane.
27
史臣曰：李棠、柳檜竝臨危不撓，視死如歸，其壯志貞情可與青松白玉比質也。 然檜恩隆加等，棠禮闕飾終，有周之政，於是乎偏矣。 雄亮銜戴天之痛，叔毗切同氣之悲，援白刃而不顧，雪家冤於輦轂。 觀其志節，處死固為易也。 荊可、秦族之徒，生自隴畝，曾無師資之訓，因心而成孝友，乘理而蹈禮節。 如使舉世若茲，則羲、農何遠之有。 若乃誠感天地，孝通神明，見之於張元矣。
The historiographer says: Li Tang and Liu Gui alike faced peril without bending and viewed death as returning home; their stalwart will and steadfast feeling may be compared in quality to green pine and white jade. Yet Gui received favor raised a grade while Tang's rites lacked full adornment at the end—in Northern Zhou governance, partiality showed here. Xiongliang bore heaven's covering as a debt of vengeance; Shubi felt the grief of shared breath with kin; they drew white blades without flinching and cleared family wrongs at the imperial capital. Observing their resolve and integrity, to face death was indeed the easier course. Jing Ke, Qin Zu, and their kind were born from fields and furrows without formal instruction; following the heart they achieved filial piety and brotherhood, riding principle they walked the path of rites. If all the world were thus, how distant would Fu Xi and Shen Nong seem? As for sincerity that moves Heaven and Earth and filial piety that reaches the spirits—this is seen in Zhang Yuan.
28
全文以中華書局、一九七一年十一月版《周書》為本校。
The full text has been collated against the Zhonghua Shuju edition of the Book of Zhou (November 1971).