1
資治通鑑第050卷
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 50.
2
【漢紀四十二】起柔兆執徐，盡閼逢困敦，凡九年。
【Han Records 42】 From the first year of the Rouzhao cycle through the last year of the Efeng cycle—nine years in all.
3
春，正月，蒼梧、鬱林、合浦蠻夷反； 二月，遣侍御史任逴督州郡兵討之。
In spring, in the first month, the tribal Yi of Cangwu, Yulin, and Hepu rebelled; in the second month Palace Attendant Ren Chao was sent to supervise the commandery and provincial troops in suppressing them.
4
郡國十地震。
Ten commanderies and kingdoms suffered earthquakes.
5
三月，辛亥，日有食之。
In the third month, on xinhai day, there was a solar eclipse.
6
夏，四月，京師旱。
In summer, in the fourth month, the capital suffered drought.
7
五月，武陵蠻反，州郡討破之。
In the fifth month the Wuling tribes rebelled; the province and commanderies attacked and defeated them.
8
癸酉，度遼將軍鄧遵率南單于擊零昌於靈州，斬首八百餘級。
On guiyou day General Who Crosses the Liao Deng Zun led the Southern Chanyu against Lingchang at Lingzhou and took more than eight hundred heads.
9
越巂徼外夷舉種內屬。
The tribes beyond the Yuexi frontier led their clans to submit.
10
六月，中郎將任尚遣兵擊破先零羌於丁奚城。
In the sixth month Colonel Ren Shang sent troops and defeated the Xianling Qiang at Dingxi.
11
秋，七月，武陵蠻復反，州郡討平之。
In autumn, in the seventh month, the Wuling tribes rebelled again; the province and commanderies attacked and pacified them.
12
九月，築馮翊北界候塢五百所以備羌。
In the ninth month five hundred border beacon towers were built on the northern frontier of Fengyi to guard against the Qiang.
13
冬，十一月，蒼梧、鬱林、合浦蠻夷降。 舊制：公卿、二千石、刺史不得行三年喪，司徒劉愷以為「非所以師表百姓，宣美風俗。」 丙戌，初聽大臣行三年喪。
In winter, in the eleventh month, the tribal Yi of Cangwu, Yulin, and Hepu surrendered. By old regulation ducal ministers, two-thousand-dan officials, and provincial inspectors might not observe three-year mourning. Minister of Education Liu Kai held that "this is not how to teach and model the people or spread fine customs." On bingxu day great ministers were for the first time permitted to observe three-year mourning.
14
癸卯，郡國九地震。
On guimao day nine commanderies and kingdoms suffered earthquakes.
15
十二月，丁巳，任尚遣兵擊零昌於北地，殺其妻子，燒其廬落，斬首七百餘級。
In the twelfth month, on dingsi day, Ren Shang sent troops against Lingchang in Beidi, killed his wife and children, burned his lodges and settlements, and took more than seven hundred heads.
16
春，二月，乙巳朔，日有食之。
In spring, in the second month, on the new moon of yisi day, there was a solar eclipse.
17
乙卯，赦天下。
On yimao day the realm was pardoned.
18
壬戌，武庫災。
On renxu day the Arsenal burned.
19
任尚遣當闐種羌榆鬼等刺殺杜季貢，封榆鬼為破羌侯。
Ren Shang sent the Dangtian Qiang Yugui and others to assassinate Du Jigong and enfeoffed Yugui as Marquis Who Breaks the Qiang.
20
司空袁敞，廉勁不阿權貴，失鄧氏旨。 尚書郎張俊有私書與敞子俊，怨家封上之。 夏，四月，戊申，敞坐策免，自殺； 俊等下獄當死。 俊上書自訟； 臨刑，太后詔以減死論。
Minister of Works Yuan Chang was upright and firm and would not fawn on the powerful; he lost favor with the Deng clan. Gentleman of the Masters of Writing Zhang Jun had sent a private letter to Chang's son Jun. An enemy household sealed it and submitted it to court. In summer, in the fourth month, on wushen day, Chang was impeached and dismissed, then killed himself; Jun and the rest were imprisoned and sentenced to death. Jun memorialized in his own defense; as execution approached the empress dowager issued an edict commuting the sentence to reduced death.
21
己巳，遼西鮮卑連休等入寇，郡兵與烏桓大人於秩居等共擊，大破之，斬首千三百級。
On jisi day the Liaoxi Xianbei Lianxiu and others invaded. Commandery troops, together with the Wuhuan grandees Yuzhiju and others, attacked jointly and routed them, taking more than thirteen hundred heads.
22
六月，戊辰，三郡雨雹。
In the sixth month, on wuchen day, three commanderies were struck by hail.
23
尹就坐不能定益州，征抵罪； 以益州刺史張喬領其軍屯，招誘叛羌，稍稍降散。
Yin Jiu was charged with failing to pacify Yizhou, was summoned to court, and punished; Inspector Zhang Qiao of Yizhou took over his army in garrison, enticed the rebel Qiang, and gradually they surrendered and dispersed.
24
秋，七月，京師及郡國十雨水。
In autumn, in the seventh month, the capital and ten commanderies and kingdoms suffered flooding.
25
九月，護羌校尉任尚復募效功種羌號封刺殺零昌； 封號封為羌王。
In the ninth month Protector of the Qiang Ren Shang again recruited the Xiaogong Qiang Haofeng to assassinate Lingchang; Haofeng was enfeoffed as King of the Qiang.
26
冬，十一月，己卯，彭城靖王恭薨。
In winter, in the eleventh month, on jimao day, Prince Jing of Pengcheng Gong died.
27
越巂夷以郡縣賦斂煩數，十二月，大牛種封離等反，殺遂久令。
The Yi of Yuexi, finding commandery and county levies frequent and burdensome—in the twelfth month the Daniu tribal leader Fengli and others rebelled and killed the magistrate of Suijiu.
28
甲子，任尚與騎都尉馬賢共擊先零羌狼莫，追至北地，相持六十餘日，戰於富平河上，大破之，斬首五千級，狼莫逃去。 於是西河虔人種羌萬人詣鄧遵降，隴右平。
On jiazi day Ren Shang and Colonel of Cavalry Ma Xian jointly attacked the Xianling Qiang Langmo, pursued him to Beidi, and fought for more than sixty days on the Fu River at Ping. They routed him and took five thousand heads. Langmo fled. Thereupon ten thousand Qianren Qiang of Xihe came to Deng Zun to surrender, and Longyou was pacified.
29
是歲，郡國十三地震。
This year thirteen commanderies and kingdoms suffered earthquakes.
30
春，三月，京師及郡國五旱。
In spring, in the third month, the capital and five commanderies and kingdoms suffered drought.
31
夏，六月，高句驪與濊貊寇玄菟。
In summer, in the sixth month, Koguryŏ and the Yemaek raided Xuantu.
32
永昌、益州、蜀郡夷皆叛應封離，眾至十餘萬，破壞二十餘縣，殺長吏，焚掠百姓，骸骨委積，千里無人。
The Yi of Yongchang, Yizhou, and Shu Commandery all rebelled in support of Fengli. Their forces rose above a hundred thousand. They destroyed more than twenty counties, killed chief officials, burned and plundered the people, and bones lay heaped in piles—for a thousand li there was no one left.
33
秋，八月，丙申朔，日有食之。
In autumn, in the eighth month, on the new moon of bingshen day, there was a solar eclipse.
34
代郡鮮卑入寇，殺長史； 發緣邊甲卒、黎陽營兵屯上谷以備之。 冬，十月，鮮卑寇上谷，攻居庸關，復發緣邊諸郡黎陽營兵、積射士步騎二萬人屯列衝要。
The Dai Xianbei invaded and killed the chief clerk; border garrison soldiers and troops of the Liyang camp were stationed in Shanggu to guard against them. In winter, in the tenth month, the Xianbei raided Shanggu and attacked Juyong Pass. Again twenty thousand infantry and cavalry from the border commanderies' Liyang camp and crossbow corps were stationed at strategic points.
35
鄧遵募上郡全無種羌雕何刺殺狼莫； 封雕何為羌侯。 自羌叛十餘年間，軍旅之費，凡用二百四十餘億，府帑空竭，邊民及內郡死者不可勝數，並、涼二州遂至虛耗。 及零昌、狼莫死，諸羌瓦解，三輔、益州無復寇警。 詔封鄧遵為武陽侯，邑三千戶。 遵以太后從弟，故爵封優大。 任尚與遵爭功，又坐詐增首級、受賕枉法贓千萬已上，十二月，檻車征尚，棄市，沒入財物。 鄧騭子侍中鳳嘗受尚馬，騭髡妻及鳳以謝罪。
Deng Zun recruited the Shangjun Quanwu Qiang Diaohe to assassinate Langmo; Diaohe was enfeoffed as Marquis of the Qiang. In the more than ten years since the Qiang rebellion, military expenses totaled more than twenty-four billion. The treasury was emptied, border people and inner commanderies died beyond counting, and Bing and Liang provinces were brought to utter exhaustion. When Lingchang and Langmo died the Qiang collapsed, and the Three Adjuncts and Yizhou had no further raids to fear. An edict enfeoffed Deng Zun as Marquis of Wuyang with a fief of three thousand households. Because Zun was the empress dowager's cousin, his rank and fief were especially generous. Ren Shang disputed merit with Zun and was also charged with falsely inflating head counts and taking bribes worth more than ten million while perverting the law. In the twelfth month he was summoned in a prisoner cart, executed in the marketplace, and his property was confiscated. Deng Ni's son Palace Attendant Feng had once accepted a horse from Shang. Ni shaved his wife and Feng as an apology for the offense.
36
是歲，郡國十四地震。
This year fourteen commanderies and kingdoms suffered earthquakes.
37
太后弟悝、閶皆卒，封悝子廣宗為葉侯，閶子忠為西華侯。
The empress dowager's younger brothers Kui and Chang both died. Kui's son Guangzong was enfeoffed as Marquis of Ye; Chang's son Zhong was enfeoffed as Marquis of Xihua.
38
春，二月，乙巳，京師及郡國四十二地震。
In spring, in the second month, on yisi day, the capital and forty-two commanderies and kingdoms suffered earthquakes.
39
夏，四月，沛國、勃海大風，雨雹。
In summer, in the fourth month, Pei and Bohai suffered great wind and hail.
40
五月，京師旱。
In the fifth month the capital suffered drought.
41
六月，丙戌，平原哀王得薨，無子。
In the sixth month, on bingxu day, Prince Ai of Pingyuan De died without heirs.
42
秋，七月，鮮卑寇馬城塞，殺長吏，度遼將軍鄧遵及中郎將馬續率南單于追擊，大破之。
In autumn, in the seventh month, the Xianbei raided Macheng Pass and killed the chief clerk. General Who Crosses the Liao Deng Zun and Colonel Ma Xu led the Southern Chanyu in pursuit and routed them.
43
九月，癸巳，陳懷王竦薨，無子，國除。
In the ninth month, on guisi day, Prince Huai of Chen Song died without heirs and the state was abolished.
44
冬，十二月，戊午朔，日有食之，既。
In winter, in the twelfth month, on the new moon of wuwu day, there was a total solar eclipse.
45
郡國八地震。
Eight commanderies and kingdoms suffered earthquakes.
46
是歲，太后征和帝弟濟北王壽、河間王開子男女年五歲以上四十餘人，及鄧氏近親子孫三十餘人，並為開邸第，教學經書，躬自監試。 詔從兄河南尹豹、越騎校尉康等曰：「末世貴戚食祿之家，溫衣美飯，乘堅驅良，而面牆術學，不識臧否，斯故禍敗所從來也。」
This year the empress dowager summoned more than forty sons and daughters of Emperor He's younger brother Prince Shou of Jibei and of Prince Kai of Hejian's sons, five years of age and above, and more than thirty close Deng kin and descendants. She opened residences for them all, taught them the classics, and personally supervised their examinations. An edict to her cousin Intendant of Henan Bao, Colonel of the Rapid Cavalry Kang, and the rest said, "In a degenerate age noble kin and salary-eating households have warm clothes and fine food, ride strong carriages and drive fine horses, yet face the wall in learning and cannot tell good from ill—this is where disaster and ruin come from."
47
豫章有芝草生，太守劉祗欲上之，以問郡人唐檀，檀曰：「方今外戚豪盛，君道微弱，斯豈嘉瑞乎！」 祗乃止。
In Yuzhang auspicious fungus-grass appeared. Administrator Liu Zhi wished to present it to court and asked the commandery man Tang Tan. Tan said, "At present empresses' kin are grand and flourishing while the ruler's way is weak—how can this be an auspicious portent!" Zhi thereupon desisted.
48
益州刺史張喬遣從事楊竦將兵至楪榆，擊封離等，大破之，斬首三萬餘級，獲生口千五百人。 封離等惶怖，斬其同謀渠帥，詣竦乞降。 竦厚加慰納，其餘三十六種皆來降附。 竦因奏長吏奸猾，侵犯蠻夷者九十人，皆減死論。
Inspector Zhang Qiao of Yizhou sent Assistant Yang Song to lead troops to Yeyu, attack Fengli and his allies, and rout them, taking more than thirty thousand heads and fifteen hundred captives. Fengli and his allies, in fear, beheaded their fellow conspirator chieftains and came to Song to beg surrender. Song received them generously with comfort and acceptance; the remaining thirty-six tribes all came to surrender. Song then memorialized that ninety chief officials who were crafty and had encroached on the tribal Yi all received commuted sentences of reduced death.
49
初，西域諸國既絕於漢，北匈奴復以兵威役屬之，與共為邊寇。 敦煌太守曹宗患之，乃上遣行長史索班將千餘人屯伊吾以招撫之。 於是車師前王及鄯善王復來降。
Earlier, once the Western Region states had been cut off from Han, the Northern Xiongnu again brought them under control by force and together they raided the border. Administrator Cao Zong of Dunhuang was troubled by this and memorialized to send Acting Chief Clerk Suo Ban with more than a thousand men to garrison Yiwu and entice them back. Thereupon the Former King of Cheshi and the King of Shanshan again came to surrender.
50
初，疏勒王安國死，無子，國人立其舅子遺腹為王，遺腹叔父臣磐在月氏，月氏納而立之。 後莎車畔於窴，屬疏勒，疏勒遂強，與龜茲、於窴為敵國焉。
Earlier King Anguo of Shule died without sons. The people installed his sister's posthumous son as king. The child's uncle Chenpan was among the Yuezhi; the Yuezhi received him and installed him as king. Later Shache rebelled against Yutian and submitted to Shule. Shule then grew strong and became a rival of Kucha and Yutian.
51
春，三月，丁酉，濟北惠王壽薨。
In spring, in the third month, on dingyou day, Prince Hui of Jibei Shou died.
52
北匈奴率車師後王軍就共殺後部司馬及敦煌長史索班等，遂擊走其前王，略有北道。 鄯善逼急，求救於曹宗，宗因此請出兵五千人擊匈奴，以報索班之恥，因復取西域； 公卿多以為宜閉玉門關，絕西域。 太后聞軍司馬班勇有父風，召詣朝堂問之。 為上議曰：「昔孝武皇帝患匈奴強盛，於是開通西域，論者以為奪匈奴府藏，斷其右臂。 光武中興，未遑外事，故匈奴負強，驅率諸國； 及至永平，再攻敦煌，河西諸郡，城門晝閉。 孝明皇帝深惟廟策，乃命虎臣出征西域，故匈奴遠遁，邊境得安； 及至永元，莫不內屬。 會間者羌亂，西域復絕，北虜遂遣責諸國，備其逋租，高其價直，嚴以期會，鄯善、車師皆懷憤怨，思樂事漢，其路無從； 前所以時有叛者，皆由牧養失宜，還為其害故也。 今曹宗徒恥於前負，欲報雪匈奴，而不尋出兵故事，未度當時之宜也。 夫要功荒外，萬無一成。 若兵連禍結，悔無所及。 況今府藏未充，師無後繼，是示弱於遠夷，暴短於海內，臣愚以為不可許也。 舊敦煌郡有營兵三百人，今宜復之，復置護西域副校尉，居於敦煌，如永元故事，又宜遣西域長史將五百人屯樓蘭，西當焉耆、龜茲徑路，南強鄯善、於窴心膽，北扞匈奴，東近敦煌，如此誠便。」
The Northern Xiongnu, with the Later King of Cheshi Junjiu, jointly killed the Rear-Department Colonel and Dunhuang Chief Clerk Suo Ban and others, then attacked and drove off the Former King and seized much of the Northern Route. Shanshan was hard pressed and sought rescue from Cao Zong. Zong thereupon requested five thousand troops to strike the Xiongnu, avenge Suo Ban's death, and recover the Western Regions; most among the ducal ministers held that the Jade Gate Pass should be closed and the Western Regions cut off. The empress dowager heard that Army Major Ban Yong had his father's manner and summoned him to court to question him. He addressed the court, saying, "In the past Emperor Wu of Han was troubled by the Xiongnu's strength and thereupon opened the Western Regions. Deliberators held that this seized the Xiongnu treasury and severed their right arm. Emperor Guangwu restored the dynasty and had no leisure for foreign affairs, so the Xiongnu relied on their strength and drove the various states; down to the Yongping era they twice attacked Dunhuang and the Hexi commanderies, and city gates were closed even by day. Emperor Ming deeply weighed the temple strategies and ordered tiger ministers to campaign in the Western Regions. The Xiongnu fled far away and the borderlands were secured; down to the Yongyuan era, all submitted inward. Then came the recent Qiang disorders, the Western Regions were cut off again, and the northern enemy sent collectors to the various states, demanded overdue tribute, raised prices, and enforced strict deadlines. Shanshan and Cheshi both nursed anger and wished to serve Han, yet had no way to reach us; the reason there were rebels before was that governance was improper and turned harmful in return. Now Cao Zong is merely shamed by the earlier defeat and wishes to avenge the Xiongnu, yet does not seek precedents for sending troops and has not weighed what suits the present. To demand achievement beyond the wild borderlands—success is almost never won. If war links with calamity, regret will come too late. Moreover the treasury is not full and the army has no follow-on support—this shows weakness to distant barbarians and exposes our shortcomings at home. I foolishly think it cannot be permitted. Formerly Dunhuang had three hundred garrison soldiers; they should be restored. The Deputy Colonel Protecting the Western Regions should be restored as well, stationed at Dunhuang as in the Yongyuan precedent. The Western Regions Chief Clerk should lead five hundred men to garrison Loulan—blocking west the routes of Yanqi and Kucha, strengthening south the resolve of Shanshan and Yutian, repelling north the Xiongnu, and lying east near Dunhuang. That would truly be the convenient course."
53
尚書復問勇：「利害云何？」 勇對曰：「昔永平之末，始通西域，初遣申郎將居敦煌，後置副校於車師，既為胡虜節度，又禁漢人不得有所侵擾，故外夷歸心，匈奴畏威。 今鄯善王尤還，漢人外孫。 若匈奴得志，則尤還必死。 此等雖同鳥獸，亦知避害，若出屯樓蘭，足以招附其心，愚以為便。」 長樂衛尉鐔顯、廷尉綦毋參、司隸校尉崔據難曰：「朝廷前所以棄西域者，以其無益於中國，而費難供也。 今車師已屬匈奴，鄯善不可保信，一旦反覆，班將能保北虜不為邊害乎？」 勇對曰； 「今中國置州牧者，以禁郡縣奸猾盜賊也。 若州牧能保盜賊不起者，臣亦願以要斬保匈奴之不為邊害也。 今通西域則虜勢必弱，虜勢弱則為患微矣； 孰與歸其府藏，續其斷臂哉？ 今置校尉以扞撫西域，設長史以招懷諸國，若棄而不立，則西域望絕，望絕之後，屈就北虜，緣邊之郡將受困害，恐河西城門必須復有晝閉之儆矣！ 今不廓開朝廷之德而拘屯戍之費，若此，北虜遂熾，豈安邊久長之策哉！」 太尉屬毛軫難曰：「今若置校尉，則西域駱驛遣使，求索無厭，與之則費難供，不與則失其心，一旦為匈奴所迫，當復求救，則為役大矣。」 勇對曰：「今設以西域歸匈奴，而使其恩德大漢，不為鈔盜，則可矣。 如其不然，則因西域租入之饒，兵馬之眾，以擾動緣邊，是為富仇讎之財，增暴夷之勢也。 置校尉者，宣威布德，以系諸國內向之心，以疑匈奴覬覦之情，而無費財耗國之慮也。 且西域之人，無它求索，其來入者不過稟食而已； 今若拒絕，勢歸北屬夷虜，並力以寇並、涼，則中國之費不止十億。 置之誠便。」 於是從勇議，復敦煌郡營兵三百人，置西域副校尉居敦煌，雖復羈縻西域，然亦未能出屯。 其後匈奴果數與車師共入寇鈔，河西大被其害。 沈氐羌寇張掖。
The Masters of Writing questioned Yong again: "What are the benefits and harms?" Yong replied, "At the end of the Yongping era the Western Regions were first opened. At first a gentleman was stationed at Dunhuang; later a deputy colonel was placed at Cheshi. He regulated the Hu tribes and forbade Han encroachment, so the outer tribes turned their hearts and the Xiongnu feared his authority. Now the King of Shanshan, Youhuan, is the grandson of a Han man by a foreign wife. If the Xiongnu gain their way, Youhuan will surely die. These people, though no better than birds and beasts, also know to avoid harm. If we garrison Loulan it will be enough to win their hearts. I foolishly think it the right course." Changle Commandant Tan Xian, Commandant of Justice Qimu Can, and Director of Retainers Cui Ju objected, saying, "The court formerly abandoned the Western Regions because they benefited China little and the expense was hard to bear. Now Cheshi has already submitted to the Xiongnu and Shanshan cannot be trusted. If they turn about overnight, can Ban guarantee the northern barbarians will not harm the borders?" "Yong replied: "Now China sets up regional inspectors to restrain crafty bandits in the commanderies and counties. If a regional inspector can guarantee bandits do not arise, your servant is also willing to stake his head that the Xiongnu will not harm the borders. Now if we open the Western Regions the barbarians' power must grow weak; if their power is weak, the harm is slight; how does that compare with returning their treasuries and reattaching a severed arm? Now we set up a colonel to defend and comfort the Western Regions and a chief clerk to win over the various states. If we abandon them and do not establish these, hope from the Western Regions is cut off; afterward they will bend to the northern barbarians and the border commanderies will suffer distress. I fear the gates of Hexi must again be closed by day! Now if we do not extend the court's virtue but cling to garrison expenses, the northern barbarians will flourish. Is that a long-term policy for securing the borders?" Grand Commandant subordinate Mao Zhen objected: "If we now set up a colonel, the Western Regions will send envoys along the post roads with insatiable demands. If we give to them the expense is hard to bear; if we refuse we lose their loyalty. Once pressed by the Xiongnu they will again ask for rescue, and the burden will be great." Yong replied: "Suppose we now gave the Western Regions to the Xiongnu and they felt the Han's grace and did not raid—that would suffice. If not, relying on the Western Regions' rich rents and many troops and horses to harass the borderlands enriches a foe and increases violent barbarians' power. Setting up a colonel displays might and spreads virtue, binds the various states' loyalty, and makes the Xiongnu hesitate in their designs, without wasting wealth and exhausting the state. Moreover the people of the Western Regions have no other demands; those who come in need only grain rations; if we now reject them, they will turn north to the barbarians, combine strength to raid Bing and Liang, and China's expense will exceed a billion. Establishing it is truly expedient." Thereupon they followed Yong's proposal, restored Dunhuang's three hundred garrison troops, and set a Vice Colonel of the Western Regions at Dunhuang. Though they again kept the Western Regions on loose reins, they still could not send troops out to encamp. Afterward the Xiongnu indeed several times entered with Cheshi to raid, and Hexi suffered greatly. The Shen Di Qiang raided Zhangye.
54
夏，四月，丙寅，立皇子保為太子，改元，赦天下。
In summer, in the fourth month, on bingyin day, Prince Bao was established as heir apparent, the era name was changed, and all under Heaven was amnestied.
55
己巳，紹封陳敬王子崇為陳王，濟北惠王子萇為樂成王，河間孝王子翼為平原王。
On jisi day, continuing enfeoffments, Prince Chong, son of Prince Jing of Chen, was made Prince of Chen; Prince Chang, son of Prince Hui of Jibei, was made Prince of Yuecheng; and Prince Yi, son of Prince Xiao of Hejian, was made Prince of Pingyuan.
56
六月，護羌校尉馬賢將萬人討沈氐羌於張掖，破之，斬首千八百級，獲生口千餘人，餘虜悉降。 時當煎種大豪饑五等，以賢兵在張掖，乃乘虛寇金城，賢還軍追之出塞，斬首數千級而還。 燒當、燒何種聞賢軍還，復寇張掖，殺長吏。
In the sixth month, Protector of the Qiang Ma Xian led ten thousand men against the Shen Di Qiang at Zhangye, defeated them, took one thousand eight hundred heads and more than a thousand captives, and the remaining barbarians all submitted. At this time the great chief of the Dangjian tribe Ji Wu and others, because Xian's troops were at Zhangye, took the opportunity to raid Jincheng. Xian returned in pursuit beyond the pass, took several thousand heads, and returned. The Shaodang and Shaohe tribes, hearing Xian's army had returned, again raided Zhangye and killed the chief official.
57
秋，七月，乙酉朔，日有食之。
In autumn, in the seventh month, on the first day yiyou, there was a solar eclipse.
58
冬，十月，己巳，司空李郃免。 癸酉，以衛尉廬江陳褒為司空。
In winter, in the tenth month, on jisi day, Minister of Works Li He was dismissed. On guiyou day, Commandant of the Guards Chen Bao of Lujiang was made Minister of Works.
59
京師及郡國三十三大水。
The capital and thirty-three commanderies and kingdoms suffered great floods.
60
十二月，永昌徼外撣國王雍曲調遣使者獻樂及幻人。
In the twelfth month, King Yongqudiao of Shan beyond Yongchang's border markers sent envoys presenting music and illusionists.
61
戊辰，司徒劉愷請致仕； 許之，以千石祿歸養。
On wuchen day, Minister over the Masses Liu Kai requested to retire; it was granted; he was given a thousand-bushel salary to return home.
62
遼西鮮卑大人烏倫、其至鞬各以其眾詣度遼將軍鄧遵降。
The Xianbei great chiefs Wulun of Liaoxi and Qizhijian each came with their followers to Colonel Who Crosses the Liao Deng Zun to submit.
63
癸酉，以太常楊震為司徒。
On guiyou day, Grand Master of Ceremonies Yang Zhen was made Minister over the Masses.
64
是歲，郡國二十三地震。
This year twenty-three commanderies and kingdoms suffered earthquakes.
65
太后從弟越騎校尉康，以太后久臨朝政，宗門盛滿，數上書太后，以為宜崇公室，自損私權，言甚切至，太后不從。 康謝病不朝，太后使內侍者問之； 所使者乃康家先婢，自通「中大人」，康聞而詬之。 婢怨恚，還，白康詐疾而言不遜。 太后大怒，免康官，遣歸國，絕屬籍。
The empress dowager's maternal cousin, Colonel of the Rapid Cavalry Kang, because the empress dowager had long governed and the clan was full to overflowing, several times memorialized her that the imperial house ought to be honored and private power reduced. His words were very direct, but the empress dowager did not heed him. Kang pleaded illness and did not attend court. The empress dowager sent a palace attendant to inquire; the envoy was a former maid of Kang's household who called herself "the great person within." Kang heard and reviled her. The maid bore resentment, returned, and reported that Kang feigned illness and spoke disrespectfully. The empress dowager was greatly angry, dismissed Kang from office, sent him back to his state, and cut him from the clan register.
66
初，當煎種饑五同種大豪盧匆心、忍良等千餘戶別留允街，而首施兩端。
Earlier Ji Wu of the Dangjian tribe and fellow-tribe great chiefs Lu Congxin, Renliang, and others, more than a thousand households, separately remained at Yunjie yet played both ends.
67
春，護羌校尉馬賢召盧匆++心，斬之，因放兵擊其種人，獲首虜二千餘，忍良等皆亡出塞。
In spring, Protector of the Qiang Ma Xian summoned Lu Cong++xin, beheaded him, and released troops to attack his tribesmen, taking more than two thousand heads and captives. Renliang and others all fled beyond the pass.
68
幽州刺史巴郡馮煥、玄菟太守姚光、遼東太守蔡諷等將兵擊高句麗，高句麗王宮遣嗣子遂成詐降，而襲玄菟、遼東，殺傷二千餘人。
Inspector of You Feng Huan of Ba, Administrator of Xuantu Yao Guang, Administrator of Liaodong Cai Feng, and others led troops against Goguryeo. King Gong sent his heir Suicheng to feign submission, then raided Xuantu and Liaodong, killing and wounding more than two thousand.
69
二月，皇太后寢疾，癸亥，赦天下。 三月，癸巳，皇太后鄧氏崩。 未及大斂，帝復申前命，封鄧騭為上蔡侯，位特進。 丙午，葬和熹皇后。 太后自臨朝以來，水旱十載，四夷外侵，盜賊內起，每聞民饑，或達旦不寐，躬自減徹以救災厄，故天下復平，歲還豐穰。
In the second month the empress dowager fell ill; on guihai day all under Heaven was amnestied. In the third month, on guisi day, Empress Dowager Deng died. Before the great encoffinment, the emperor again repeated his earlier order and enfeoffed Deng Zhi as Marquis of Shangcai with special advancement rank. On bingwu day, Empress Hexi was buried. From the time the empress dowager held court, for ten years there were flood and drought, barbarians invaded from without, and bandits arose within. Whenever she heard the people were hungry she sometimes did not sleep until dawn and personally reduced expenditures to relieve disaster. Therefore all under Heaven returned to peace and the years again brought abundance.
70
上始親政事，尚書陳忠薦隱逸及直道之士穎川杜根、平原成翊世之徒，上皆納用之。 忠，寵之子也。 初，鄧太后臨朝，根為郎中，與同時郎上書言：「帝年長，宜親政事。」 太后大怒，皆令盛以縑囊，於殿上撲殺之，既而載出城外，根得蘇； 太后使人檢視，根遂詐死，三日，目中生蛆，因得逃竄，為宜城山中酒家保，積十五年。 成翊世以郡吏亦坐諫太后不歸政抵罪。 帝皆征詣公車，拜根侍御史，翊世尚書郎。 或問根曰：「往者遇禍，天下同義，知故不少，何至自苦如此？」 根曰：「周旋民間，非絕跡之處，邂逅發露，禍及親知，故不為也。」
The emperor began to handle government in person. Master of Writing Chen Zhong recommended recluses and upright men—Du Gen of Yingchuan, Cheng Yishi of Pingyuan, and the like—and the emperor accepted and employed them all. Zhong was Chen Chong's son. Earlier, when Empress Dowager Deng held court, Gen was a palace gentleman and with fellow gentlemen submitted a memorial saying, "The emperor is grown; he ought to handle government in person." The empress dowager was greatly angry and had them packed in silk bags and beaten to death in the hall. Afterward they were loaded beyond the city wall. Gen revived; the empress dowager sent men to inspect. Gen feigned death; after three days maggots grew in his eyes, and he escaped to serve as a tavern keeper in the mountains of Yicheng for fifteen years. Cheng Yishi as a commandery clerk was also punished for remonstrating that the empress dowager did not return government. The emperor summoned them all to the imperial carriage office, appointed Gen Palace Attendant, and Yishi Master of Writing Gentleman. Someone asked Gen, "When you met calamity before, sympathizers were not few. Why torment yourself so?" Gen said, "Moving among the common folk is not utterly vanishing. If by chance one is exposed, calamity reaches kin and friends. Therefore I did not."
71
戊申，追尊清河孝王曰孝德皇，皇妣左氏曰孝德後，祖妣宋貴人曰敬隱後。 初，長樂太僕蔡倫受竇後諷旨誣陷宋貴人，帝敕使自致延尉，倫飲藥死。
On wushen day, Prince Xiao of Qinghe was posthumously honored as Emperor Xiaode, his mother Lady Zuo as Empress Xiaode, and his grandmother Honored Lady Song as Empress Jingyin. Earlier, Grand Coachman of Changle Cai Lun, at Empress Dou's instigation, falsely charged Honored Lady Song. The emperor ordered him to present himself to the Commandant of Justice, and Lun drank poison and died.
72
夏，四月，高句麗復與鮮卑入寇遼東，蔡諷追擊於新昌，戰歿。 功曹掾龍端、兵馬掾公孫酺以身扞諷，俱沒於陳。
In summer, in the fourth month, Goguryeo again entered with the Xianbei and raided Liaodong. Cai Feng pursued them at Xinchang and died in battle. Registrar of Merit Long Duan and Registrar of Troops and Horses Gongsun Pu shielded Feng with their bodies and both perished in battle.
73
丁巳，尊帝嫡母耿姬為甘陵大貴人。
On dingsi day, the emperor's principal mother Lady Geng was honored as Grand Honored Person of Ganling.
74
甲子，樂成王萇坐驕淫不法，貶為蕪湖侯。
On jiazi day, Prince Chang of Yuecheng, for arrogant debauchery and lawlessness, was demoted to Marquis of Wuhu.
75
己巳，令公卿下至郡國守相各舉有道之士一人。 尚書陳忠以詔書既開諫爭，慮言事者必多激切，或致不能容，乃上疏豫通廣帝意曰：「臣聞仁君廣山藪之大，納切直之謀，忠臣盡謇諤之節，不畏逆耳之害，是以高祖捨周昌桀、紂之譬，孝文嘉袁盎人豕之譏，武帝納東方朔宣室之正，元帝容薛廣德自刎之切。 今明詔崇高宗之德，推宋景之誠，引咎克躬，諮訪群吏。 言事者見杜根、成翊世等新蒙表錄，顯列二台，必承風響應，爭為切直。 若嘉謀異策，宜輒納用； 如其管穴，妄有譏刺，雖苦口逆耳，不得事實，且優遊寬容，以示聖朝無諱之美； 若有道之士對問高者，宜垂省覽，特遷一等，以廣直言之路。」 書御，有詔，拜有道高第士沛國施延為侍中。
On jisi day, an order went from the excellencies and ministers down to commandery and kingdom administrators and chancellors, each to recommend one man of the Way. Master of Writing Chen Zhong, because the edict had opened remonstrance, feared memorialists would be cutting and might not be tolerated, and submitted a memorial beforehand to broaden the emperor's intent: "Your servant has heard that a benevolent ruler broadens his scope and accepts blunt counsel; loyal ministers exhaust their integrity and do not fear unwelcome words. Therefore Gaozu set aside Zhou Chang's comparison to Jie and Zhou, Emperor Wen praised Yuan Ang's rebuke of human swine, Emperor Wu accepted Dongfang Shuo's correction in the Xuan Chamber, and Emperor Yuan tolerated Xue Guangde's plea of self-decapitation. Now the bright edict exalts honoring the ancestral temple, promotes Song Jing's sincerity, draws blame upon oneself, and consults officials. Memorialists seeing Du Gen, Cheng Yishi, and others newly honored and placed on the Two Terraces will surely respond in kind, competing to be blunt. If there are fine plans and unusual policies, they ought at once to be accepted; if like narrow tubes they recklessly ridicule, though bitter and contrary to the ear and not attaining fact, still be leisurely and tolerant to display the holy court's freedom from taboo; if there are men of the Way whose answers in audience are lofty, they ought to be specially examined and promoted one grade to broaden the road of straight speech." The memorial reached the emperor. An edict appointed Shi Yan of Pei, a man of the Way of high rank, as Palace Attendant.
76
初，汝南薛包，少有至行，父娶後妻而憎包，分出之。 包日夜號泣，不能去，至被驅撲，不得已，廬於捨外，旦入灑掃。 父怒，又逐之，乃廬於里門，昏晨不廢。 積歲餘，父母慚而還之。 及父母亡，弟子求分財異居。 包不能止，乃中分其財，奴婢引其老者，曰：「與我共事久，若不能使也。」 田廬取其荒頓者，曰：「吾少時所治，意所戀也。」 器物取朽敗者，曰：「我素所服食，身口所安也。」 弟子數破其產，輒復賑給。 帝聞其名，令公車特徵，至，拜侍中。 包以死自乞，有詔賜告歸，加禮如毛義。
Earlier Xue Bao of Runan in youth had utmost conduct. His father took a later wife who hated Bao and sent him out separately. Bao wept day and night and could not leave. He was even driven and beaten. Having no choice, he built a hut outside the dwelling and each dawn entered to sweep. His father was angry and drove him out again. He built a hut at the lane gate and did not cease morning or evening. After more than a year his parents were ashamed and brought him back. When his parents died, his younger brothers asked to divide property and live separately. Bao could not stop them and divided the wealth in half. Of the servants he took the old ones, saying, "You have long served with me; I cannot make you serve others." Of fields and huts he took the barren plots, saying, "What I tended in my youth is what my heart is attached to." Of utensils he took the worn and broken, saying, "What I have always worn and eaten is what my body is used to." His younger brothers several times ruined their property, and he repeatedly supplied them. The emperor heard his name and ordered a special summons. When he arrived, he was appointed Palace Attendant. Bao begged with his life to decline. An edict granted leave to return with honors like Mao Yi.
77
帝少號聰明，故鄧太后立之。 及長，多不德，稍不可太后意； 帝乳母王聖知之。 太后征濟北、河間王子詣京師，河間王子冀美容儀，太后奇之，以為平原懷王后，留京師。 王聖見太后久不歸政，慮有廢置，常與中黃門李閏、江京候伺左右，共毀短太后於帝，帝每懷忿懼。 及太后崩，宮人先有受罰者懷怨恚，因誣告太后兄弟悝、弘、閶先從尚書鄧訪取廢帝故事，謀立平原王。 帝聞，追怒，今有司奏悝等大逆無道，遂廢西平侯廣宗、葉侯廣德、西華侯忠、陽安侯珍、都鄉侯甫德皆為庶人，鄧騭以不與謀，但免特進，遣就國； 宗族免官歸故郡，沒入騭等貲財田宅。 徙鄧訪及家屬於遠郡，郡縣逼迫，廣宗及忠皆自殺。 又徙封騭為羅侯； 五月，庚辰，騭與子鳳並不食而死。 騭從弟河南尹豹、度遼將軍舞陽侯遵、將作大匠暢皆自殺； 唯廣德兄弟以母與閻後同產，得留京師。 復以耿夔為度遼將軍，征樂安侯鄧康為太僕。 丙申，貶平原王翼為都鄉侯，譴歸河間。 翼謝絕賓客，閉門自守，由是得免。
The emperor in youth was called clever, and therefore Empress Dowager Deng established him. When he grew up he had many moral faults and gradually did not suit the empress dowager's intent; the emperor's wet nurse Wang Sheng knew it. The empress dowager summoned princes of Jibei and Hejian to the capital. Prince Yi of Hejian had handsome bearing. The empress dowager marveled at him, made him successor to the late Prince Huai of Pingyuan, and kept him at the capital. Wang Sheng, seeing the empress dowager long did not return government, feared deposition. She constantly with Central Yellow Gate Li Run and Jiang Jing watched at the emperor's side and slandered the empress dowager to him. The emperor each time harbored resentment and fear. When the empress dowager died, a palace woman who had earlier been punished bore resentment and falsely reported that the empress dowager's brothers Kui, Hong, and Chang had obtained from Master of Writing Deng Fang precedents for deposing an emperor and plotted to establish the Prince of Pingyuan. The emperor heard and pursued his anger. He ordered the authorities to memorialize that Kui and others were guilty of great rebellion. Marquis Guangzong of Xiping, Marquis Guangde of Ye, Marquis Zhong of Xihua, Marquis Zhen of Yang'an, and Marquis Fude of Duxiang were all made commoners. Deng Zhi, not having joined the plot, was only dismissed from special advancement and sent to his state; clan kindred were dismissed and returned to their former commanderies. Zhi's and others' wealth, goods, fields, and dwellings were confiscated. Deng Fang and his household were relocated to a distant commandery. Under pressure from commandery and county, Guangzong and Zhong both killed themselves. Zhi was again moved and enfeoffed as Marquis of Luo; in the fifth month, on gengchen day, Zhi and his son Feng both died from refusing food. Zhi's maternal cousin Administrator of Henan Bao, Colonel Who Crosses the Liao Marquis Zun of Wuyang, and Master of Works Chang all killed themselves; only Guangde and his brothers, because their mother was uterine sister to Empress Yan, were allowed to remain at the capital. Geng Kui was again made Colonel Who Crosses the Liao, and Marquis Kang of Le'an was summoned as Grand Coachman. On bingshen day, Prince Yi of Pingyuan was demoted to Marquis of Duxiang and sent back to Hejian under rebuke. Yi declined guests, closed his gate and kept to himself, and thereby escaped harm.
78
初，鄧後之立也，太尉張禹、司徒徐防欲與司空陳寵共奏追封後父訓，寵以先世無奏請故事，爭之，連日不能奪。 及訓追加封謚，禹、防復約寵俱遣子奉禮於虎賁中郎將騭，寵不從，故寵子忠不得志於鄧氏。 騭等敗，忠為尚書，數上疏陷成其惡。 大司農京兆朱寵痛騭無罪遇禍，乃肉袒輿櫬上疏曰：「伏惟和熹皇后聖善之德，為漢文母。 兄弟忠孝，同心憂國，宗廟有主，王室是賴。 功成身退，讓國遜位，歷世外戚，無與為比，當享積善履謙祐。 而橫為宮人單辭所陷，利口傾險，反亂國家，罪無申證，獄不訊鞫，遂令騭等罹此酷濫，一門七人，並不以命，屍骸流離，冤魂不反，逆天感人，率土喪氣。 宜收還塚次，寵樹遺孤，奉承血祀，以謝亡靈。」 寵知其言切，自致廷尉； 陳忠復劾奏寵，詔免官歸田裡。 眾庶多為騭稱枉者，帝意頗悟，乃譴讓州郡，還葬騭等於北芒，諸從昆弟皆得歸京師。
Earlier, when Empress Deng was established, Grand Commandant Zhang Yu and Minister over the Masses Xu Fang wished with Minister of Works Chen Chong jointly to memorialize posthumous enfeoffment of the empress's father Xun. Chong contested that former ages had no such precedent, and for successive days could not be overborne. When Xun received additional posthumous enfeoffment and title, Yu and Fang again agreed with Chong to send their sons to present ritual to Colonel of the Rapid Tiger Deng Zhi. Chong did not follow, and therefore Chong's son Zhong could not advance with the Deng clan. When Zhi and others fell, Zhong as Master of Writing several times submitted memorials to trap and complete their ruin. Grand Minister of Agriculture Zhu Chong of Jingzhao, grieved that Deng Bi was innocent yet met disaster, stripped to the waist and carried coffin wood to submit a memorial, saying, "I humbly consider that Empress Hexi's sagely goodness made her a mother to Han as Empress Wen's mother was. The brothers were loyal and filial, of one mind in worrying for the state. The ancestral temple had its lord, and the royal house relied on them. When their work was done they withdrew, yielding the realm and declining rank. Among consort kin of successive ages none could compare—they should have enjoyed the blessings of accumulated goodness and practiced humility. Yet they were wantonly trapped by palace women's one-sided words. Glib tongues overturned and harmed, and the state was thrown into disorder. Crimes had no proof and prisons held no interrogation, and so Deng Bi and others suffered this cruel excess—seven of one household all lost their lives, corpses scattered abroad, wronged souls not returned. It moved Heaven against nature and drained morale throughout the realm. Their tombs should be restored, orphans favored and established, and blood sacrifices maintained, to appease the departed spirits." Knowing his words were sharp, Zhu Chong surrendered himself to the Minister of Justice; Chen Zhong again impeached and memorialized against Zhu Chong. An edict dismissed him from office and sent him home to his fields. The common people widely called Deng Bi's case unjust. The emperor's mind was somewhat awakened, and he reproved the provinces and commanderies, had Bi and others reburied at Beimang, and all the collateral brothers were allowed to return to the capital.
79
帝以耿貴人兄牟平侯寶監羽林左軍車騎，封宋楊四子皆為列侯，宋氏為卿、校、侍中大夫、謁者、郎吏十餘人； 閻皇后兄弟顯、景、耀，並為卿、校，典禁兵。 於是內寵始盛。
The emperor made the Noble Lady Geng's elder brother, Marquis of Mouping Bao, oversee Chariots and Cavalry of the Left Wing of the Feathered Forest, enfeoffed all four sons of Song Yang as ranked marquises, and more than ten of the Song clan became ministers, commandants, Palace Attendants, Grandees, ushers, and gentleman clerks; Empress Yan's brothers Xian, Jing, and Yao were all ministers and commandants in charge of the forbidden troops. From this, inner favorites first flourished.
80
帝以江京嘗迎帝於邸，以為京功，封都鄉侯，封李閏為雍鄉侯，閏、京並遷中常侍，京兼大長秋，與中常侍樊豐、黃門令劉安、鉤盾令陳達及王聖、聖女伯榮扇動內外，競為侈虐； 伯榮出入宮掖，傳通姦賂。
Because Jiang Jing had once received the emperor at his residence, the emperor considered it Jing's merit and enfeoffed him as Marquis of Duxiang and enfeoffed Li Run as Marquis of Yongxiang. Run and Jing were both promoted to Regular Palace Attendant, with Jing also holding Grand Director of the Long Autumn. Together with Regular Palace Attendant Fan Feng, Yellow Gate Director Liu An, Hook-Shield Director Chen Da, and Wang Sheng and Sheng's daughter Bo Rong they stirred inside and outside, each vying in extravagance and cruelty; Bo Rong went in and out of the inner palace quarters and conveyed bribes for illicit dealings.
81
司徒楊震上疏曰：「臣聞政以得賢為本，治以去穢為務； 是以唐、虞俊乂在官，四凶流放，天下咸服，以致雍熙。 方今九德未事，嬖倖充庭。 阿母王聖，出自賤微，得遭千載，奉養聖躬，雖有推燥居濕之勤，前後賞惠，過報勞苦，而無厭之心不知紀極，外交屬托，擾亂天下，損辱清朝，塵點日月。 夫女子、小人，近之喜，遠之怨，實為難養。 宜速出阿母，令居外捨，斷絕伯榮，莫使往來。 令恩德兩隆，上下俱美。」 奏御，帝以示阿母等，內幸皆懷忿恚。
Grand Secretary Yang Zhen submitted a memorial, saying, "I have heard that government takes gaining the worthy as its root and administration takes removing the foul as its task; therefore Tang and Yu had outstanding men in office, the Four Evils were exiled, all under heaven submitted, and there was great harmony. Now the nine virtues are not practiced and favorites fill the court. Nurse-mother Wang Sheng came from base origins yet met this once-in-a-thousand age to nurture the sacred person. Though she had the toil of moving the dry bedding to the damp, rewards before and after overpaid her labor—yet her heart without satiety knows no limit. She maintains outside connections and patronage, disturbs all under heaven, shames the pure court, and stains sun and moon. Women and petty men—drawn near they are pleased, sent away they resent—it is truly hard to keep them. The nurse-mother should quickly be sent out to dwell in an outer lodge, and Bo Rong cut off so she may not come and go. Let favor and virtue both rise high, and upper and lower alike be beautiful." The memorial was presented. The emperor showed it to the nurse-mother and others, and the inner favorites all harbored anger.
82
而伯榮驕淫尤甚，通於故朝陽侯劉護從兄瑰，瑰遂以為妻，官至侍中，得襲護爵。 震上疏曰：「經制，父死子繼，兄亡弟及，以防篡也。 伏見詔書，封故朝陽侯劉護再從兄瑰襲護爵為侯； 護同產弟威，今猶見在。 臣聞天子專封，封有功； 諸侯專爵，爵有德。 今瑰無佗功行，但以配阿母女，一時之間，既位侍中，又至封侯，不稽舊制，不合經義，行人喧嘩，百姓不安。 陛下宜鑒鏡既往，順帝之則。」 尚書廣陵翟瑰上疏曰：「昔竇、鄧之寵，傾動四方，兼官重紱，盈金積貨，至使議弄神器，改更社稷，豈不以勢尊威廣以致斯患乎！ 及其破壞，頭顙墮地，願為孤豚，豈可得哉！ 夫致貴無漸，失必暴； 受爵非道，殃必疾。 今外戚寵幸，功均造化，漢元以來未有等比。 陛下誠仁恩周洽，以親九族，然祿去公室，政移私門，覆車重尋，寧無摧折！ 此最安危之極戒，社稷之深計也。 昔文帝愛百金於露台，飾帷帳於皁囊，或有譏其儉者，上曰：『朕為天下守財耳，豈得妄用之哉！』 今自初政已來，日月未久，費用賞賜，已不可算。 斂天下之財，積無功之家，帑藏單盡，民物雕傷，卒有不虞，復當重賦，百姓怨叛既生，危敵可待也。 願陛下勉求忠貞之臣，誅遠佞諂之黨，割情慾之歡，罷宴私之好，心存亡國所以失之，鑒觀興王所以得之，庶災害可息，豐年可招矣。」 書奏，皆不省。
Bo Rong's arrogance and debauchery were especially extreme. She had relations with Gui, a cousin of the former Marquis of Chaoyang Liu Hu, and Gui then took her as wife, rose to Palace Attendant, and succeeded to Hu's marquisate. Yang Zhen submitted a memorial, saying, "The canonical system: when the father dies the son succeeds, when the elder brother dies the younger brother follows—to guard against usurpation. I humbly see in the edict that Gui, a second cousin of the former Marquis of Chaoyang Liu Hu, is enfeoffed to succeed Hu's marquisate as marquis; Hu's full younger brother Wei is still alive. I have heard that the Son of Heaven alone enfeoffs, and enfeoffment is for those with merit; feudal lords alone grant ranks, and rank is for the virtuous. Now Gui has no other merit or conduct—he is enfeoffed only for marrying the nurse-mother's daughter. In a single moment he is both Palace Attendant and enfeoffed as marquis, without examining the old system or conforming to canonical meaning. Travelers clamor and the people are unsettled. Your Majesty should take the past as a mirror and follow the emperor's norm." Director of the Masters of Writing Zhai Gui of Guangling submitted a memorial, saying, "In former times the favor shown the Dou and Deng clans shook the four quarters. They held multiple offices and heavy seals, amassed gold and hoarded goods, until some plotted to toy with the sacred vessel and alter the altars of soil and grain—is it not because towering power and broad authority brought such calamity! When they were destroyed their heads fell to the ground. To wish to be a lone piglet—how could that be obtained! Attaining nobility without gradual steps, loss is sure to be sudden; receiving rank by an improper path, disaster is sure to be swift. Now consort kin are favored and blessed, their merit equal to creation and transformation—since Emperor Yuan of Han there has been no parallel. Your Majesty is truly benevolent and gracious throughout, treating the nine agnates as kin—yet salaries leave the public house and government shifts to private gates. Overturned carts lie one upon another—will there be no wreck! This is the utmost warning of safety and danger, the deep calculation for the altars of soil and grain. In former times Emperor Wen cherished a hundred in gold at the terrace in the clouds and trimmed curtains with black-cloth bags. Some mocked his frugality, and the emperor said, 'I am guarding wealth for all under heaven—how could I use it recklessly! Now from the beginning of your rule, the sun and moon have not long passed, yet expenses and rewards already cannot be reckoned. You gather the wealth of all under heaven and heap it on households without merit. The treasury is drained bare and the people and things are worn away. If suddenly there is the unforeseen, heavy levies must again be imposed—popular resentment and rebellion have already arisen, and perilous foes may be awaited. I wish Your Majesty would strive to seek loyal and upright ministers, punish and remove the faction of flatterers, cut off the pleasures of passion, and cease private feasting and favor. Keep in mind how states perish and take as mirror how rising kings gain the realm—then perhaps disasters may cease and abundant years be summoned." The memorials were submitted; none were heeded.
83
秋，七月，己卿，改元，赦天下。
In autumn, in the seventh month, on jiqing day, the era name was changed and all under heaven was pardoned.
84
壬寅，太尉馬英薨。
On renyin day, Grand Commandant Ma Ying died.
85
燒當羌忍良等，以麻奴兄弟本燒當世嫡，而校尉馬賢撫恤不至，常有怨心，遂相結，共脅將諸種寇湟中，攻金城諸縣。 八月，賢將先零種擊之，戰於牧苑，不利。 麻奴等又敗武威、張掖郡兵於令居，因脅將先零、沈氐諸種四千餘戶緣山西走，寇武威。 賢追到鸞鳥，招引之，諸種降者數千，麻奴南還湟中。
Renliang and others of the Shaodang Qiang, because the brothers Manu were the legitimate line of Shaodang for the age yet Commandant Ma Xian's care and comfort did not reach them and they constantly bore resentment, joined together and jointly compelled the various tribes to raid the Huangzhong region and attack the counties of Jincheng. In the eighth month Ma Xian led the Xianling tribe to attack them. They fought at Muyuan and fared ill. Manu and others again defeated the troops of Wuwei and Zhangye commanderies at Lingju, then compelled the Xianling, Shendi, and other tribes—more than four thousand households—to go west along the mountains and raid Wuwei. Ma Xian pursued to Luanniao and summoned them. Several thousand of the tribes submitted, and Manu returned south to the Huangzhong.
86
甲子，以前司徒劉愷為太尉。 初，清河相叔孫光坐臧抵罪，遂增禁錮二世。 至是，居延都尉范邠復犯臧罪，朝廷欲依光比； 劉愷獨以為：「《春秋》之義，善善及子孫，惡惡止其身，所以進人於善也。 如今使臧吏禁錮子孫，以輕從重，懼及善人，非先王詳刑之意也。」 尚書陳忠亦以為然。 有詔：「太尉議是。」
On jiazi day, the former Grand Secretary Liu Kai was made Grand Commandant. Earlier, Chancellor of Qinghe Shusun Guang was convicted of corruption and punished, and perpetual imprisonment was extended to a second generation. At this time Commandant of Juyan Fan Bin again committed corruption, and the court wished to follow Guang's precedent; Liu Kai alone held, "The meaning of the Spring and Autumn Annals is that goodness to the good extends to descendants, while evil to the evil stops with the person himself—this is how men are advanced toward goodness. To make corrupt officials' descendants suffer perpetual imprisonment, punishing the light by the heavy, is to fear harming good men and is not the intent of the Former Kings' careful punishments." Director of the Masters of Writing Chen Zhong also thought this correct. An edict said, "The Grand Commandant's opinion is correct."
87
鮮卑其至鞬寇居庸關。 九月，雲中太守成嚴擊之，兵敗，功曹楊穆以身捍嚴，與之俱歿； 鮮卑於是圍烏桓校尉徐常於馬城。 度遼將軍耿夔與幽州刺史龐參發廣陽、漁陽、涿郡甲卒救之，鮮卑解去。
The Xianbei chanyu Qizhi Jian raided Juyong Pass. In the ninth month Administrator of Yunzhong Cheng Yan attacked them. His army was defeated. Registrar Yang Mu used his body to shield Yan and perished with him; the Xianbei thereupon besieged Commandant of the Wuhuan Xu Chang at Macheng. General Who Crosses the Liao Geng Kui and Governor of You Pang Can mobilized armored soldiers of Guangyang, Yuyang, and Zhuo commanderies to rescue them, and the Xianbei withdrew.
88
戊子，帝幸衛尉馮石府，留飲十許日，賞賜甚厚，拜其子世為黃門侍郎，世弟二人皆為郎中。 石，陽邑侯魴之孫也，父柱尚顯宗女獲嘉公主，石襲公主爵，為獲嘉侯，能取悅當世，故為帝所寵。 京師及郡國二十七雨水。
On wuzi day, the emperor visited the residence of Commandant of the Guards Feng Shi, stayed and drank for some ten days, and bestowed very generous rewards. He appointed Shi's son Shi as Yellow Gate Gentleman Attendant, and Shi's two younger brothers as Gentlemen of the Palace. Feng Shi was grandson of Marquis of Yangyi Fang. His father Zhu married Emperor Xianzong's daughter Princess Huojia. Shi inherited the princess's rank as Marquis of Huojia, could please the age, and therefore was favored by the emperor. The capital and twenty-seven commanderies and states had rain and flooding.
89
冬，十一月，己丑，郡國三十五地震。
In winter, in the eleventh month, on jichou day, thirty-five commanderies and states had earthquakes.
90
鮮卑寇玄菟。
The Xianbei raided Xuantu.
91
尚書令祋諷等奏，以為「孝文皇帝定約禮之制，光武皇帝絕告寧之典，貽則萬世，誠不可改，宜復斷大臣行三年喪。」 尚書陳忠上疏曰：「高祖受命，蕭何創製，大臣有寧告之科，合於致憂之義。 建武之初，新承大亂，凡諸國政，多趣簡易，大臣既不得告寧而群司營祿念私，鮮循三年之喪以報顧復之恩者，禮義之方，實為雕損。 陛下聽大臣終喪，聖功美業，靡以尚茲。 《孟子》有言：『老吾老，以及人之老； 幼吾幼，以及人之幼，天下可運如掌。』 臣願陛下登高北望，以甘陵之思揆度臣子之心，則海內咸得其所。」 時宦官不便之，竟寢忠奏。 庚子，復斷二千石以上行三年喪。
Director of the Masters of Writing Di Feng and others memorialized, holding that "Emperor Xiaowen fixed the curtailed rites system and Emperor Guangwu abolished the leave-for-consolation-at-home canon—they bequeathed norms for ten thousand generations and truly cannot be changed. It is fitting again to forbid ministers from observing the three-year mourning." Director of the Masters of Writing Chen Zhong submitted a memorial, saying, "When Gaozu received the Mandate, Xiao He established institutions. Ministers had the statute for leave to announce mourning at home, in keeping with the meaning of expressing grief. At the beginning of Jianwu, newly inheriting great disorder, all state affairs mostly tended toward simplicity. Since ministers could not take leave for mourning yet the various offices pursued salaries and thought of private gain, few followed the three-year mourning to repay the grace of nurture and restoration—the direction of ritual and righteousness was truly worn away. If Your Majesty permits ministers to complete mourning, this sacred achievement and beautiful enterprise has nothing above it. Mencius said, 'Honor my elders, and thereby honor others' elders; cherish my young, and thereby cherish others' young, and all under heaven may be moved as in the palm.' I wish Your Majesty would ascend high and look north, measuring ministers' hearts by the thought of Ganling—then within the seas all would obtain their proper place." At the time the eunuchs found it inconvenient and in the end shelved Chen Zhong's memorial. On gengzi day, it was again forbidden for officials of two thousand bushels and above to observe the three-year mourning.
92
袁宏論曰：古之帝王所以篤化美俗，率民為善，因其自然而不奪其情，民猶有不及者，而況毀禮止哀，滅其天性乎！
Yuan Hong remarked: The ancient emperors and kings deepened transformation and beautified custom, leading the people toward goodness by following their nature and not depriving their feelings—yet the people still had those who fell short. How much more when rites are destroyed and mourning stopped and innate feeling extinguished!
93
十二月，高句驪王宮率馬韓、濊貊數千騎圍玄菟，夫餘王遣子尉仇台將二萬餘人與州郡並力討破之。 是歲，宮死，子遂成立。 玄菟太守姚光上言，欲因其喪，發兵擊之，議者皆以為可許。 陳忠曰：「宮前桀黠，光不能討，死而擊之，非義也。 宜遣使弔問，因責讓前罪，赦不加誅，取其後善。」 帝從之。
In the twelfth month King Gong of Gaogouli led several thousand horsemen of the Ma Han and Yemaek to besiege Xuantu. The king of Fuyu sent his son Wei Qiutai leading more than twenty thousand men to join the province and commanderies in joint suppression and defeat them. That year Gong died and his son Suicheng was established. Administrator of Xuantu Yao Guang memorialized, wishing to take advantage of their mourning to send troops and attack. The deliberators all thought it permissible. Chen Zhong said, "Gong was formerly fierce and cunning and Guang could not subdue him. To attack when he is dead is not righteous. Envoys should be sent to offer condolences, and thereby reprove past crimes, pardon without execution, and take what goodness comes after." The emperor followed this.
94
春，三月，丙午，改元，赦天下。
In spring, in the third month, on bingwu day, the era name was changed and all under heaven was pardoned.
95
護羌校尉馬賢追擊麻奴，到湟中，破之，種眾散遁。
Protector of the Qiang Ma Xian pursued Manu to the Huangzhong, defeated him, and the tribal masses scattered and fled.
96
夏，四月，癸未，京師、郡國二十一雨雹，河西雹大者如斗。
In summer, in the fourth month, on guiwei day, the capital and twenty-one commanderies and states had hail. In Hexi the hailstones were as large as a dou.
97
幽州刺史馮煥、玄菟太守姚光數糾發奸惡，怨者詐作璽書，譴責煥、光，賜以歐刀，又下遼東都尉龐奮，使速行刑。 奮即斬光，收煥。 煥欲自殺，其子緄疑詔文有異，止煥曰：「大人在州，志欲去惡，實無它故。 必是凶人妄詐，規肆奸毒。 願以事自上，甘罪無晚。」 煥從其言，上書自訟，果詐者所為，征奮，抵罪。
Governor of You Feng Huan and Administrator of Xuantu Yao Guang repeatedly investigated and exposed wickedness. Resentful men forged an imperial-seal document reproving Huan and Guang, bestowing executioner's blades, and also sent orders down to Commandant of Liaodong Pang Fen to carry out punishment swiftly. Pang Fen immediately beheaded Yao Guang and arrested Feng Huan. Feng Huan wished to kill himself. His son Gun suspected the edict text was irregular and stopped him, saying, "Father, in the province your will was to remove evil; there truly was no other cause. This must be wicked men falsely forging, plotting to unleash villainy. I wish to take the matter upward to the throne; to accept guilt would not be too late." Feng Huan followed his advice, submitted a memorial pleading his own case, and it proved to be the forgers' work. Pang Fen was summoned and punished.
98
癸巳，司空陳褒免。 五月，庚戌，宗正彭城劉授為司空。
On guisi day, Minister of Works Chen Bao was dismissed. In the fifth month, on gengxu day, Director of the Imperial Clan Liu Shou of Pengcheng was made Minister of Works.
99
己巳，封河間孝王子德為安平王，嗣樂成靖王后。
On jisi day, Prince De, son of the Filial King of Hejian, was enfeoffed as King of Ping'an, succeeding the Late King of Lecheng Jing.
100
六月，郡國蝗。
In the sixth month commanderies and states suffered locusts.
101
秋，七月，癸卯，京師及郡國十三地震。
In autumn, in the seventh month, on guimao day, the capital and thirteen commanderies and states had earthquakes.
102
高句驪王遂成還漢生口，詣玄菟降，其後濊貊率服，東垂少事。
King Suicheng of Gaogouli returned Han captives, came to Xuantu to submit, and thereafter the Yemaek broadly submitted. The eastern border had fewer affairs.
103
虔人羌與上郡胡反，度遼將軍耿夔擊破之。 八月，陽陵園寢火。
The Qianren Qiang rebelled with the Hu of Shang Commandery. General Who Crosses the Liao Geng Kui attacked and defeated them. In the eighth month the park lodge at Yangling caught fire.
104
九月，甲戌，郡國二十七地震。
In the ninth month, on jiaxu day, twenty-seven commanderies and states had earthquakes.
105
鮮卑既累殺郡守，膽氣轉盛，控弦數萬騎，冬，十月，復寇雁門、定襄； 十一月，寇太原。
The Xianbei, having repeatedly killed commandery administrators, grew ever bolder in spirit. With tens of thousands of bowmen, in winter, in the tenth month, they again raided Yanmen and Dingxiang; in the eleventh month they raided Taiyuan.
106
燒當羌麻奴饑困，將種眾詣漢陽太守耿種降。
Manu of the Shaodang Qiang, pressed by hunger and hardship, led his tribal masses to Administrator of Hanyang Geng Zhong to submit.
107
是歲，京師及郡國二十七雨水。
That year the capital and twenty-seven commanderies and states suffered rain floods.
108
帝數遣黃門常侍及中使伯榮往來甘陵，尚書僕射陳忠上疏曰：「今天心未得，隔並屢臻，青、冀之域，淫雨漏河，徐、岱之濱，海水盆溢，兗、豫蝗蝝滋生，荊、揚稻收儉薄，並、涼二州羌戎叛戾，加以百姓不足，府帑虛匱。 陛下以不得親奉孝德皇園廟，比遣中使致敬甘陵，朱軒駢馬，相望道路，可謂孝至矣。 然臣竊聞使者所過，威權翕赫，震動郡縣，王、侯、二千石至為伯榮獨拜車下，發民修道，繕理亭傳，多設儲偫，征役無度，老弱相隨，動有萬計，賂遺僕從，人數百匹，頓踣呼嗟，莫不叩心。 河間托叔父之屬，清河有陵廟之尊，及剖符大臣，皆猥為伯榮屈節車下，陛下不問，必以為陛下欲其然也。 伯榮之威，重於陛下，陛下之柄，在於臣妾，水災之發，必起於此。 昔韓嫣托副車之乘，受馳視之使，江都誤為一拜，而嫣受歐刀之誅。 臣願明主嚴天元之尊，正乾剛之位，不宜復令女使幹錯萬機。 重察左右，得無石顯洩漏之奸？ 尚書納言，得無趙昌譖崇之詐？ 公卿大臣，得無朱博阿傅之援？ 外屬近戚，得無王鳳害商之謀？ 若國政一由帝命，王事每決於己，則下不得逼上，臣不得干君，常雨大水必當霽止，四方眾異不能為害。」 書奏，不省。
The emperor repeatedly sent Regular Attendants of the Yellow Gate and the palace envoy Bo Rong back and forth to Ganling. Vice Director of the Secretariat Chen Zhong submitted a memorial, saying, "Today heaven's mind is not attained. Drought and flood repeatedly arrive. In Qing and Ji excessive rain leaks the rivers; on the Xu and Dai coasts seawater overflows like a basin. Yan and Yu breed locust larvae; Jing and Yang have meager rice harvests. In Bing and Liang the Qiang and Rong rebel. Moreover the people lack sufficiency and the treasury is empty and depleted. Your Majesty, because you could not personally attend the park temples of Emperor Xiaode, recently sent palace envoys to pay respects at Ganling—vermilion carriages and paired horses filling the roads one after another—this may be called utmost filial piety. Yet your servant has heard that where the envoys pass, authority and power blaze forth and shake commanderies and counties. Kings, marquises, and two-thousand-bushel officials even bow alone to Bo Rong beneath his carriage. They mobilize the people to repair roads, mend post stations, and set up many stores—corvée without measure, old and weak following one another, often numbering in the tens of thousands. Bribes to his attendants run to several hundred bolts of silk per man. Collapsed and prostrate, sighing and crying—none fail to strike the heart. Hejian relies on being of the emperor's uncle's line; Qinghe possesses the dignity of imperial tomb temples; and great ministers holding investiture—all have basely bent their dignity beneath Bo Rong's carriage. If Your Majesty does not inquire, they will surely think Your Majesty wishes it so. Bo Rong's authority weighs more than Your Majesty's; Your Majesty's handle lies in servants and concubines. The outbreak of flood disaster must arise from this. Formerly Han Yan relied on riding in the deputy carriage and received missions of rapid inspection. Jiangdu erred in bowing once, and Yan received execution by the ou knife. Your servant wishes the enlightened ruler to make strict the dignity of heaven's origin and rectify the position of qian's firmness—it is not fitting again to let female envoys interfere in the myriad affairs of state. Examine closely those at your side—is there not Shi Xian's treachery of leaking secrets? Among the Secretariat's receiving words—is there not Zhao Chang's fraud of slander and flattery? Among the public ministers and great officials—is there not Zhu Bo's support of the tutor? Among outer kin and near relatives—is there not Wang Feng's plot to harm Shang? If state affairs all follow the emperor's command and royal business is each decided by yourself, then inferiors cannot press superiors and ministers cannot interfere with the ruler. Constant rain and great floods will surely clear and stop, and the many anomalies of the four quarters cannot do harm." The memorial was submitted and not heeded.
109
時三府任輕，機事專委尚書，而災眚變咎，輒切免三公，陳忠上疏曰：「漢典舊事，丞相所請，靡有不聽。 今之三公，雖當其名而無其實，選舉誅賞，一由尚書，尚書見任，重於三公，陵遲以來，其漸久矣。 臣忠心常獨不安。 近以地震，策免司空陳褒，今者災異，復欲切讓三公。 昔孝成皇帝以妖星守心，移咎丞相，卒不蒙上天之福，徒乖宋景之誠。 故知是非之分，較然有歸矣。 又尚書決事，多違故典，罪法無例，詆欺為先，文慘言丑，有乖章憲。 宜責求其意，割而勿聽，上順國典，下防威福，置方員於規矩，審輕重於衡石，誠國家之典，萬世之法也！」
At the time the Three Excellencies' duties were light and crucial affairs were entrusted solely to the Secretariat; yet when disasters and strange omens occurred, the Three Excellencies were abruptly dismissed. Chen Zhong submitted a memorial, saying, "By Han precedent and old practice, what the Chancellor requested was never not heard. Today's Three Excellencies, though bearing the name, lack the substance. Selection, punishment, and reward all depend on the Secretariat. The Secretariat in present trust weighs more than the Three Excellencies. Since decline began, this has long been gradual. Your servant's loyal heart is constantly ill at ease alone. Recently, because of an earthquake, Minister of Works Chen Bao was dismissed by imperial rescript. Now with calamities and anomalies, you again wish sharply to reprove the Three Excellencies. Formerly Emperor Xiaocheng, because a demon star guarded the Heart, shifted blame to the Chancellor and in the end did not receive heaven's blessing, vainly betraying Song Jing's sincerity. Thus one knows that the division of right and wrong is comparatively clear and has its proper place. Moreover the Secretariat decides cases, often violating old statutes. Penal law lacks precedent and slander and fraud come first—texts cruel and words ugly, at odds with the fundamental laws. It is fitting to demand their intent, cut them off and do not hear them—above to follow state statutes, below to guard against authority and favor, set square and round within compass and rule, examine light and heavy on the balance stone—truly the state's canon and the law for ten thousand generations!"
110
汝南太守山陽王龔，政崇溫和，好才愛士。 以袁閬為功曹，引進郡人黃憲、陳蕃等； 憲雖不屈，蕃遂就吏。 閬不修異操而致名當時，蕃性氣高明，龔皆禮之，由是群士莫不歸心。
Administrator of Runan Wang Gong of Shanyang made his government honor warmth and harmony and loved talent and cherished scholars. He made Yuan Lang Merit Officer and introduced fellow commandery men Huang Xian, Chen Fan, and others; Huang Xian though did not submit, Chen Fan thereupon took office. Yuan Lang did not cultivate unusual conduct yet achieved fame in his time; Chen Fan's nature and spirit were lofty and bright. Wang Gong honored them all, and thereby the mass of scholars none failed to give their hearts.
111
憲世貧賤，父為牛醫。 穎川荀淑至慎陽，遇憲於逆旅，時年十四； 淑辣然異之，揖與語，移日不能去，謂憲曰：「子，吾之師表也。」 既而前至袁閬所，未及勞問，逆曰：「子國有顏子，寧識之乎？」 閬曰：「見吾叔度邪？」 是時同郡戴良，才高倨傲，而見憲未嘗不正容，及歸，惘然若有失也。 其母問曰：「汝復從牛醫兒來邪？」 對曰：「良不見叔度，自以為無不及； 既睹其人，則瞻之在前，忽焉在後，固難得而測矣。」 陳蕃及同郡周舉常相謂曰：「時月之間不見黃生，則鄙吝之萌復存乎心矣。」 太原郭泰，少游汝南，先過袁閬，不宿而退； 進，往從憲，累日方還。 或以問泰，曰：「奉高之器，譬諸氿濫，雖清而易挹。 叔度汪汪若千頃陂，澄之不清，淆之不濁，不可量也。」 憲初舉孝廉，又辟公府。 友人勸其仕，憲亦不拒之，暫到京師，即還，竟無所就，年四十八終。
Huang Xian's family for generations was poor and lowly; his father was a cattle doctor. Xun Shu of Yingchuan reached Shenyang and met Huang Xian at a roadside inn when he was fourteen; Xun Shu was startled and regarded him as extraordinary, bowed and conversed with him, and could not leave for a whole day, saying to Huang Xian, "You are my model teacher." Then he went on ahead to Yuan Lang's place and, before greetings of courtesy, said directly, "Your state has a Yan Hui—do you perhaps know him?" Yuan Lang said, "Have you seen my Shudu?" At the time Dai Liang of the same commandery was talented, lofty, and proud, yet when he saw Huang Xian he never failed to straighten his countenance. When he returned he was dazed as if he had lost something. His mother asked, "Have you again come from the cattle doctor's son?" He replied, "Had Liang not seen Shudu, he would have thought himself without inferior; having seen the man, one looks and he is ahead, then suddenly he is behind—truly hard to measure." Chen Fan and Zhou Ju of the same commandery often said to each other, "If in the space of months one does not see Master Huang, the sprouts of meanness and stinginess return to lodge in the heart." Guo Tai of Taiyuan in his youth traveled in Runan, first passed Yuan Lang's place, did not lodge and withdrew; advanced and went to follow Huang Xian, and only after many days returned. Someone questioned Guo Tai, who said, "Fenggao's vessel is like a shallow pool—though clear, it is easy to dip from. Shudu's vastness is like a thousand-qing pond—clarify it and it is not clear, stir it and it is not turbid; it cannot be measured." "Huang Xian was first recommended as Filial and Incorrupt and also summoned to the public offices. Friends urged him to take office. Huang Xian also did not refuse them, briefly reached the capital and at once returned, and in the end achieved nothing—he died at forty-eight.
112
范曄論曰：黃憲言論風旨，無所傳聞； 然士君子見之者，靡不服深遠，去玭吝，將以道周性全，無德而稱乎！ 余曾祖穆侯以為：「憲，隤然其處順，淵乎其似道，淺深莫臻其分，清濁未議其方，若及門於孔氏，其殆庶乎！」
Fan Ye's commentary says: Huang Xian's discourses and style and intent have nothing transmitted; yet when gentlemen saw him, none failed to submit to his depth and distance, cast off blemish and stinginess, and would use the Way to complete nature and achieve fullness—can this be called having virtue without display! My great-grandfather Marquis Mu held, "Huang Xian—humble in dwelling in compliance, deep as if resembling the Way; shallow and deep cannot reach his measure, clear and turbid cannot debate his direction. If he had entered Confucius's gate, he would nearly have been close!"
113
春，正月，旄牛夷反，益州刺史張喬擊破之。
In spring, in the first month, the Maoniu Yi rebelled. Governor of Yizhou Zhang Qiao attacked and defeated them.
114
夏，四月，戊子，爵乳母王聖為野王君。
In summer, in the fourth month, on wuzi day, the wet nurse Wang Sheng was ennobled as Lady of Yewang.
115
北匈奴連與車師入寇河西，議者欲復閉玉門、陽關以絕其患。 敦煌太守張璫上書曰：「臣在京師，亦以為西域宜棄，今親踐其土地，乃知棄西域則河西不能自存。 謹陳西域三策：北虜呼衍王常展轉蒲類、秦海之間，專制西域，共為寇鈔。 今以酒泉屬國吏士二千餘人集崑崙塞，先擊呼衍王，絕其根本，因發鄯善兵五千人脅車師後部，此上計也。 若不能出兵，可置軍司馬，將士五百人，四郡供其犁牛、谷食，出據柳中，此中計也。 如又不能，則宜棄交河城，收鄯善等悉使入塞，此下計也。」 朝廷下其議。 陳忠上疏曰：「西域內附日久，區區東望扣關者數矣，此其不樂匈奴、慕漢之效也。 今北虜已破車師，勢必南攻鄯善，棄而不救，則諸國從矣。 若然，則虜財賄益增，膽勢益殖，威臨南羌，與之交通，如此，河西四郡危矣。 河西既危，不可不救，則百倍之役興，不訾之費發矣。 議者但念西域絕遠，恤之煩費，不見孝武苦心勤勞之意也。 方今敦煌孤危，遠來告急； 復不輔助，內無以慰勞吏民，外無以威示百蠻，蹙國減土，非良計也。 臣以為敦煌宜置校尉，按舊增四郡屯兵，以西撫諸國。」 帝納之，於是復以班勇為西域長史，將兵五百人出屯柳中。
The Northern Xiongnu repeatedly joined Cheshi in raiding Hexi. Deliberators wished again to close Yumenguan and Yangguan to cut off the trouble. Administrator of Dunhuang Zhang Heng submitted a memorial, saying, "Your servant in the capital also thought the Western Regions ought to be abandoned. Now having personally trodden their lands, I know that abandoning the Western Regions means Hexi cannot preserve itself. I respectfully set forth three plans for the Western Regions: the Northern barbarians' King Huyan of the Hu often ranged between Pulei and Qinhai, monopolizing the Western Regions and together raiding and plundering. Now with more than two thousand officials and soldiers of the Dependent State of Jiuquan assemble at Kunlun Pass, first strike King Huyan and cut his root, then send five thousand Shanshan troops to threaten the Rear Kingdom of Cheshi—this is the upper plan. If troops cannot be sent out, one may station an army Major with five hundred officers and soldiers. The four commanderies supply their plow oxen and grain food, and go out to hold Liuzhong—this is the middle plan. If again this cannot be done, then one ought to abandon Jiaohe city, gather Shanshan and the rest and all make them enter the passes—this is the lower plan." The court transmitted his proposal for deliberation. Chen Zhong submitted a memorial, saying, "The Western Regions have long been inwardly attached. For a long time they have looked east and knocked at the passes—this is the effect of their disliking the Xiongnu and admiring Han. Now the Northern barbarians have already defeated Cheshi and will surely attack Shanshan southward. If abandoned and not rescued, then the various states will follow. If so, the barbarians' wealth and bribes increase ever more, their courage and momentum breed ever more, their authority presses on the Southern Qiang and they join in communication—with this the four Hexi commanderies are in peril. Once Hexi is in peril it must be rescued, and then labor a hundredfold arises and expense beyond reckoning is unleashed. Deliberators only think of the Western Regions as utterly remote and pity the trouble and expense—they do not see Emperor Xiaowu's intent of bitter toil and diligent labor. Just now Dunhuang is isolated and perilous, coming from afar to report urgency; if again not aided, within there is no means to comfort officials and people, without no means to display authority to the hundred barbarians—cramped state and reduced territory is not a good plan. Your servant thinks Dunhuang ought to have a colonel stationed, and according to old practice increase garrison troops of the four commanderies to pacify the various states from the west." The emperor accepted it, and thereupon again made Ban Yong Chief Clerk of the Western Regions, leading five hundred troops to go out and encamp at Liuzhong.
116
秋，七月，丹楊山崩。
In autumn, in the seventh month, Mount Danyang collapsed.
117
九月，郡國五雨水。
In the ninth month, five commanderies and states suffered rain floods.
118
冬，十月，辛未，太尉劉愷罷； 甲戌，以司徒楊震為太尉，光祿勳東萊劉熹為司徒。 大鴻臚耿寶自候震，薦中常侍李閏兄於震曰：「李常侍國家所重，欲令公辟其兄； 寶唯傳上意耳。」 震曰：「如朝廷欲令三府辟召，故宜有尚書敕。」 寶大恨而去。 執金吾閻顯亦薦所親於震，震又不從。 司空劉授聞之，即辟此二人； 由是震益見怨。 時詔遣使者大為王聖修第； 中常侍樊豐及侍中周廣、謝惲等更相扇動，傾搖朝廷。 震上疏曰：「臣伏念方今災害滋甚，百姓空虛，三邊震擾，帑藏匱乏，殆非社稷安寧之時。 詔書為阿母興起第捨，合兩為一，連裡竟街，雕修繕飾，窮極巧伎，攻山採石，轉相迫促，為費巨億。 周廣、謝惲兄弟，與國無肺府枝葉之屬，依倚近幸奸佞之人，與之分威共權，屬托州郡，傾動大臣。 宰司辟召，承望旨意，招來海內貪污之人，受其貨賂，至有臧錮棄世之徒，復得顯用； 白黑混淆，清濁同源，天下讙嘩，為朝結譏。 臣聞師言，上之所取，財盡則怨，力盡則叛，怨叛之人，不可復使，惟陛下度之！」 上不聽。
In winter, in the tenth month, on xinwei day, Grand Commandant Liu Kai was dismissed; on jiaxu day, Minister over the Masses Yang Zhen was made Grand Commandant and Household Minister Liu Xi of Donglai was made Minister over the Masses. Grand Herald Geng Bao personally called on Yang Zhen and recommended to Yang Zhen the younger brother of Regular Attendant Li Run, saying, "Regular Attendant Li is weighty in the state. He wishes to have your lordship summon his brother; Geng Bao only transmits the superior's intent." Yang Zhen said, "If the court wishes the Three Excellencies to summon and appoint, there ought properly to be a Secretariat edict." Geng Bao left in great resentment. Commandant of Justice Yan Xian also recommended his intimate to Yang Zhen; Yang Zhen again did not comply. Minister of Works Liu Shou heard of it and at once summoned these two men; thereby Yang Zhen was ever more resented. At the time an edict sent envoys to build Lady Wang Sheng's residence on a great scale; Regular Attendant Fan Feng and Palace Attendants Zhou Guang, Xie Yun, and others stirred one another on and rocked the court. Yang Zhen submitted a memorial, saying, "Your servant reflects that just now disasters grow ever worse, the people are empty and depleted, the three frontiers are shaken and disturbed, and the treasury is exhausted and lacking—hardly a time for the altars of state to be at peace. An edict builds residences for the foster mother, joining two into one, linking lanes through whole streets, carved ornament and repair and decoration exhausting ingenious craft, attacking mountains and quarrying stone, pressing one another in relays—expense reaches hundreds of millions. The brothers Zhou Guang and Xie Yun have with the state no bond of lung and viscera or branch and leaf. They rely on those near and favored, treacherous and flattering men, share authority and power with them, entrust affairs to commanderies and prefectures, and shake great ministers. Chief ministers summon and appoint, looking to their intent. They draw in the empire's corrupt men and receive their bribes—even those imprisoned and discarded from the world again obtain prominent employment; white and black are confused, clear and turbid share one source—all under heaven clamors and knots ridicule for the court. Your servant has heard the master's words: what the superior takes—when wealth is exhausted there is resentment, when strength is exhausted there is rebellion. Men resentful and rebellious cannot again be employed. Only Your Majesty measure this!" The emperor did not listen.
119
鮮卑其至鞬自將萬餘騎攻南匈奴於曼柏，薁鞬日逐王戰死，殺千餘人。
The Xianbei chanyu Qizhi personally led more than ten thousand horsemen to attack the Southern Xiongnu at Manbai. The Yuwu Rizhu King died in battle and more than a thousand were killed.
120
十二月，戊辰，京師及郡國三地震。
In the twelfth month, on wuchen day, the capital and three commanderies and states suffered earthquakes.
121
陳忠薦汝南周燮、南陽馮良學行深純，隱居不仕，名重於世； 帝以玄纁羔幣聘之； 燮宗族更勸之曰：「夫修德立行，所以為國，君獨何為守東岡之陂乎？」 燮曰：「夫修道者度其時而動，動而不時，焉得亨乎！」 與良皆自載至近縣，稱病而還。
Chen Zhong recommended Zhou Xie of Runan and Feng Liang of Nanyang as deep and pure in learning and conduct, dwelling in seclusion without taking office, their fame weighty in the world; the emperor employed dark silk and lamb offerings to engage them; Zhou Xie's clan elders again urged him, saying, "To cultivate virtue and establish conduct is to serve the state—why alone do you, sir, keep to the slope of the eastern mound?" Zhou Xie said, "One who cultivates the Way measures the time and then acts. To act without timeliness—how can one attain success!" He and Feng Liang both drove themselves to a nearby county, claimed illness, and returned.
122
春，正月，班勇至樓蘭，以鄯善歸附，特加三綬，而龜茲王白英猶自疑未下。 勇開以恩信，白英乃率姑墨、溫宿，自縛詣勇，因發其兵步騎萬餘人到車師前王庭，擊走匈奴伊蠡王於伊和谷，收得前部五千餘人，於是前部始復開通。 還，屯田柳中。
In spring, in the first month, Ban Yong reached Loulan. Because Shanshan submitted, he was specially given triple ribbons, yet King Bai Ying of Kucha still doubted and had not submitted. Ban Yong opened them with grace and trust. Bai Ying thereupon led Gumo and Wensu, bound himself and came to Yong, and thereby sent out his troops, infantry and cavalry more than ten thousand, to the Former King's court of Cheshi. They struck and drove off the Xiongnu Yili King at Yihe Valley, gathered more than five thousand of the Front Division, and thereby the Front Division for the first time was reopened. He returned and farmed garrison fields at Liuzhong.
123
二月，丙子，車駕東巡。 辛卯，幸泰山。 三月，戊戌，幸魯，還，幸東平，至東郡，歷魏郡、河內而還。
In the second month, on bingzi day, the imperial carriage toured east. On xinmao day, he visited Mount Tai. In the third month, on wuxu day, he visited Lu, returned, visited Dongping, reached Dong Commandery, passed through Weijun and Hanoi, and returned.
124
初，樊豐、周廣、謝惲等見楊震連諫不從，無所顧忌，遂詐作詔書，調發司農錢穀、大匠見徒材木，各起家捨、園池、廬觀，役費無數。 震復上疏曰：「臣備台輔，不能調和陰陽，去年十二月四日，京師地動，其日戊辰； 三者皆土，位在中宮，此中臣、近官持權用事之象也。 臣伏惟陛下以邊境未寧，躬身菲薄，宮殿垣屋傾倚，枝拄而已。 而親近幸臣，未崇斷金，驕溢逾法，多請徒士，盛修第捨，賣弄威福，道路讙嘩，地動之變，殆為此發。 又，冬無宿雪，春節未雨，百僚焦心，而繕修不止，誠致旱之征也。 惟陛下奮乾剛之德，棄驕奢之臣，以承皇天之戒！」 震前後所言轉切，帝既不平之，而樊豐等皆側目憤怨，以其名儒，未敢加害。 會河間男子趙騰上書指陳得失，帝發怒，遂收考詔獄，結以罔上不道。 震上疏救之曰：「臣聞殷、周哲王，小人怨詈，則還自敬德。 今趙騰所坐，激訐謗語，為罪與手刃犯法有差，乞為虧除，全騰之命，以誘芻蕘輿論人之言。」 帝不聽，騰竟伏屍都市。 及帝東巡，樊豐等因乘輿在外，競修第宅，太尉部掾高舒召大匠令史考校之，得豐等所詐下詔書，具奏，須行還上之，豐等惶怖。 會太史言星變逆行，遂共譖震云：「自趙騰死後，深用怨懟； 且鄧氏故吏，有恚恨之心。」 壬戌，車駕還京師，便時太學，夜，遺使者策收震太尉印綬； 震於是柴門絕賓客。 豐等復惡之，令大鴻臚耿寶奏：「震大臣，不服罪，懷恚望。」 有詔，遣歸本郡。 震行至城西幾陽亭，乃慷慨謂其諸子、門人曰：「死者，士之常分。 吾蒙恩居上司，疾奸臣狡猾而不能誅，惡嬖女傾亂而不能禁，何面目復見日月！ 身死之日，以雜木為棺，布單被，裁足蓋形，勿歸塚次，勿設祭祀！」 因飲鴆而卒。 弘農太守移良承樊豐等旨，遣吏於陝縣留停震喪，露棺道側，謫震諸子代郵行書； 道路皆為隕涕。
Earlier, when Fan Feng, Zhou Guang, Xie Yun, and others saw Yang Zhen's repeated remonstrances not followed, they had no regard left and thereupon forged edicts, requisitioning Grand Minister of Agriculture money and grain and the Grand Artisan's present corvée timber, each building residences, gardens and ponds, and towers and galleries—labor expense beyond counting. Yang Zhen again submitted a memorial, saying, "Your servant fills the terrace and assists, yet cannot harmonize yin and yang. Last year on the fourth day of the twelfth month the capital shook—the day was wuchen; all three are earth, positioned in the central palace—this is the image of inner ministers and near officials holding power and managing affairs. Your servant reflects that Your Majesty, because the borders are not yet peaceful, personally practices frugality—palace walls and roofs lean and are propped with branches only. Yet he draws close to favored ministers, does not honor unbreakable loyalty, lets arrogance overflow beyond the law, repeatedly requests convict laborers, lavishly builds mansions, and trades on authority and favor until the roads clamor—the earth-quake prodigy was probably triggered by this. Moreover, winter had no lasting snow and the spring festivals passed without rain. The hundred officials were anxious, yet repairs did not cease—truly a sign that drought would come. May Your Majesty exert the firm virtue of Qian, discard arrogant and extravagant ministers, and heed Heaven's warning!" Yang Zhen's successive memorials grew ever sharper. The Emperor was already displeased, while Fan Feng and others glared with anger and resentment, yet because he was a renowned scholar they did not dare harm him. It happened that Zhao Teng, a commoner of Hejian, submitted a memorial pointing out gains and losses. The Emperor flew into a rage, had him arrested and examined in the imperial prison, and charged him with deceiving his superiors and impiety. Zhen memorialized to save him, saying, "Your servant has heard that the wise kings of Yin and Zhou, when petty men cursed in resentment, would turn back and examine their own virtue. Zhao Teng's offense was provocative slander, a crime that differs from personally wielding a blade to break the law. I beg that it be mitigated and Teng's life spared, to encourage speech from common men in the streets." The Emperor would not listen. Teng was executed in the marketplace. When the Emperor made an eastern tour, Fan Feng and others, with the imperial carriage abroad, competed in building mansions. Gao Shu, a clerk of the Grand Commandant's office, summoned the chief craftsman clerks to examine them and obtained the forged edicts Fan Feng and others had used. He memorialized fully and was to present it when the procession returned. Fan Feng and others were terrified. It happened that the Grand Astrologer reported stars changing and moving retrograde. They then jointly slandered Zhen, saying, "Since Zhao Teng's death he has deeply harbored resentment; moreover, as a former subordinate of the Deng clan, he bears a resentful heart." On renxu day the imperial carriage returned to the capital, stopping by the Imperial Academy. That night emissaries were sent with a written order to take back Zhen's Grand Commandant seal and ribbon. Zhen thereupon barred his wicket gate and cut off visitors. Fan Feng and others again hated him and had Minister Herald Geng Bao memorialize, "Zhen is a great minister who will not acknowledge guilt and harbors resentment." An edict ordered him sent back to his native commandery. When Zhen reached Jiyang pavilion west of the city he spoke passionately to his sons and disciples, "Death is the constant lot of a gentleman. I received grace and held high office, yet hated crafty treacherous ministers and could not execute them, loathed favored women who overturned order and could not restrain them—what face have I to see the sun and moon again! On the day I die, use miscellaneous wood for a coffin and a cloth sheet alone for a shroud, just enough to cover my form. Do not return me to the family tomb and do not set up sacrifices!" He thereupon drank poisoned wine and died. Yi Liang, Administrator of Hongnong, following Fan Feng and others' intent, sent officials to halt Zhen's funeral at Shaan county, exposing the coffin beside the road and relegating Zhen's sons to carry mail as post-runners. Travelers on the road all shed tears for him.
125
太僕征羌侯來歷曰：「耿寶托元舅之親，榮寵過厚，不念報國恩，而傾側奸臣，傷害忠良，其天禍亦將至矣。」 歷，歙之曾孫也。
Minister of the Imperial Stud Marquis Who Pacified the Qiang Lai Li said, "Geng Bao relies on kinship as the emperor's maternal uncle. His glory and favor are excessive. He does not think of repaying the state's grace but leans with treacherous ministers and injures the loyal and good—Heaven's calamity will soon come upon him too." Li was the great-grandson of Lai Xi.
126
夏，四月，乙丑，車駕入宮。
In summer, in the fourth month, on yichou day, the imperial carriage entered the palace.
127
戊辰，以光祿勳馮石為太尉。
On wuchen day, Director of the Secretariat Feng Shi was made Grand Commandant.
128
南單于檀死，弟拔立，為烏稽侯屍逐鞮單于。 時鮮卑數寇邊，度遼將軍耿夔與溫禺犢王呼尤徽將新降者連年出塞擊之，還使屯列衝要。 耿夔征發煩劇，新降者皆怨恨，大人阿族等遂反，脅呼尤徽欲與俱去。 呼尤徽曰：「我老矣，受漢家恩，寧死，不能相隨！」 眾所殺之，有救者，得免。 阿族等遂將其眾亡去。 中郎將馬翼與胡騎追擊，破之，斬獲殆盡。
The Southern Xiongnu chanyu Tan died. His younger brother Ba was established as Chanyu Wuji Hou Shizhu Di. At the time the Xianbei repeatedly raided the border. General Who Crosses the Liao Geng Kui together with King Huyouhui of the Warm Yudou led the newly surrendered yearly beyond the passes to strike them, then on return had them encamp at strategic points. Geng Kui's conscriptions were burdensome and vexatious. The newly surrendered all resented it, and the great men Azu and others then rebelled, coercing Huyouhui to go with them. Huyouhui said, "I am old. I have received the Han court's grace. I would rather die than follow you!" The masses wanted to kill him, but someone rescued him and he escaped. Azu and others then led their followers and fled away. Palace Gentleman Ma Yi with barbarian cavalry pursued and struck them, routed them, and beheaded and captured nearly all.
129
日南徼外蠻夷內屬。
Barbarians beyond the frontier of Rinan submitted to the court.
130
六月，鮮卑寇玄菟。
In the sixth month, the Xianbei raided Xuantu.
131
庚午，閬中山崩。
On gengwu day, Mount Zhong in Langzhong collapsed.
132
秋，八月，辛巳，以大鴻臚耿寶為大將軍。
In autumn, in the eighth month, on xinsi day, Minister Herald Geng Bao was made General-in-Chief.
133
王聖、江京、樊豐等譖太子乳母王男、廚監邴吉等，殺之，家屬徙比景； 太子思男、吉，數為歎息。 京、豐懼有後害，乃與閻後妄造虛無，構讒太子及東宮官屬。 帝怒，召公卿以下，議廢太子。 耿寶等承旨，皆以為當廢。 太僕來歷與太常桓焉、廷尉犍為張皓議曰：「經說，年未滿十五，過惡不在其身； 且男、吉之謀，皇太子容有不知； 宜選忠良保傅，輔以禮義。 廢置事重，此誠聖恩所宜宿留！」 帝不從。 焉，郁之子也。 張皓退，復上書曰：「昔賊臣江充造構讒逆，傾覆戾園，孝武久乃覺寤，雖追前失，悔之何及。 今皇太子方十歲，未習保傅之教，可遽責乎！」 書奏，不省。
Wang Sheng, Jiang Jing, Fan Feng, and others slandered the crown prince's wet-nurse Wang Nan and kitchen overseer Bing Ji and others, had them killed, and their families were exiled to Bijing; the crown prince missed Nan and Ji and often sighed in grief. Jing and Feng feared future harm and thereupon with Empress Yan fabricated false charges and framed slander against the crown prince and Eastern Palace officials. The Emperor was angry, summoned all from the Three Excellencies down, and deliberated on deposing the crown prince. Geng Bao and others, following the intent, all held that he should be deposed. Minister of the Imperial Stud Lai Li together with Director of Ceremonies Huan Yan and Commandant of Justice Zhang Hao of Qian argued, saying, "The classics teach that before the age of fifteen, transgressions and evils are not on one's person; moreover, in Nan and Ji's scheming, the heir apparent may well have been unaware; one ought to select loyal and good tutors and assistants and instruct him with ritual and righteousness. Deposing him is a weighty matter—this is truly where Your Majesty's grace should pause and reflect!" The Emperor would not follow. Yan was the son of Huan Yu. Zhang Hao withdrew, then memorialized again, saying, "Formerly the treacherous minister Jiang Chong fabricated slander and treason and overturned Li Garden. Emperor Wu long afterward only awakened—though he pursued the earlier fault, what use was regret? Now the heir apparent is just ten years old and untrained in the tutors' teaching—can he be hastily blamed!" The memorial was submitted; the Emperor did not consider it.
134
九月，丁酉，廢皇太子保為濟陰王，居於德陽殿西鐘下。 來歷乃要結光祿勳祋諷、宗正劉瑋、將作大匠薛皓、侍中閭丘弘、陳光、趙代、施延、太中大夫九江朱倀等十餘人，俱詣鴻都門證太子無過。
In the ninth month, on dingyou day, Crown Prince Bao was deposed and made Prince of Jiyin, dwelling beneath the bell west of the Hall of Virtuous Yang. Li thereupon joined with Director of the Secretariat Zhen Feng, Director of the Imperial Clan Liu Wei, Master of Works Xue Hao, Palace Attendants Lüqiu Hong, Chen Guang, Zhao Dai, Shi Yan, Palace Counsellor Zhu Chang of Jiujiang, and more than ten others. All went together to Hongdu Gate to attest that the crown prince was without fault.
135
帝與左右患之，乃使中常侍奉詔脅群臣曰：「父子一體，天性自然； 以義割恩，為天下也。 歷、諷等不識大典，而與群小共為歡嘩，外見忠直而內希後福，飾邪違義，豈事君之禮！ 朝廷廣開言事之路，故且一切假貸； 若懷迷不反，當顯明刑書。」 諫者莫不失色。 薛皓先頓首曰：「固宜如明詔。」 歷怫然，廷詰皓曰：「屬通諫何言，而今復背之？ 大臣乘朝車，處國事，固得輾轉若此乎！」 乃各稍自引起。 歷獨守闕，連日不肯去。 帝不怒，尚書令陳忠與諸尚書遂共劾奏歷等，帝乃免歷兄弟官，削國租，黜歷母武安公主不得會見。
The Emperor and his close attendants were vexed and had a palace attendant present the edict to intimidate the ministers, saying, "Father and son are one body; nature is inherent; cutting affection for righteousness is for all under heaven. Li, Feng, and others do not understand the great canon yet join with petty men in noisy clamor, outwardly showing loyalty and straightness while inwardly hoping for later blessings, adorning perversity and violating righteousness—how is this the ritual of serving one's lord! The court has broadly opened the path for memorializing, so for now all are provisionally pardoned; if you harbor delusion and do not turn back, the penal statutes will be made manifest." The remonstrators all changed color in fear. Xue Hao first kowtowed, saying, "It is indeed fitting to follow the edict." Li was angry and questioned Xue in court, "Just now when we joined in remonstrance what did you say—yet now you turn your back? Great ministers riding the court carriage and handling state affairs—can they really wheel about like this!" They thereupon each gradually withdrew. Li alone guarded the gate and for days on end refused to leave. The Emperor was not angry. Director of the Secretariat Chen Zhong together with the various Directors memorialized impeaching Li and others. The Emperor then dismissed the offices of Li's brothers, cut their state revenue, and barred Li's mother Princess Wu'an from audience.
136
隴西郡始還狄道。
Longxi Commandery for the first time returned to Didao.
137
燒當羌豪麻奴死，弟犀苦立。
The Shaodang Qiang chieftain Manu died. His younger brother Xiku was established.
138
庚申晦，日有食之。
On gengshen, the last day of the month, there was a solar eclipse.
139
冬，十月，上行幸長安； 十一月，乙丑，還雒陽。
In winter, in the tenth month, the Emperor went on tour to Chang'an; In the eleventh month, on yichou day, he returned to Luoyang.
140
是歲，京師及諸郡國二十三地震，三十六大水、雨雹。
That year the capital and twenty-three commanderies and states had earthquakes, and thirty-six had great floods and hail.