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=魏紀四=
Wei Records 4
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起重光大淵獻，盡閼逢攝提格，凡四年。
Spanning from the year Zhongguang Dayuanxian through Yanfeng Shetige—a period of four years.
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烈祖明皇帝中之上
Emperor Ming the Illustrious Ancestor, Part Two (beginning)
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1春，二月，吳主假太常潘濬節，使與呂岱督諸軍五萬人討五溪蠻。 濬姨兄蔣琬為諸葛亮長史，武陵太守衛旍奏濬遣密使與琬相聞，欲有自託之計。 吳主曰：「承明不為此也。」 即封旍表以示濬，而召旍還，免官。
1. In spring, during the second month, Sun Quan lent Grand Master of Ceremonies Pan Jun his staff of authority and ordered him, together with Lü Dai, to lead fifty thousand troops against the Five Streams tribes. Jun's maternal cousin Jiang Wan served as Zhuge Liang's chief clerk. The administrator of Wuling, Wei Zheng, reported that Jun had sent secret messengers to contact Wan, evidently hoping to place himself under Shu's protection. Sun Quan said, "Chengming would never do such a thing." He at once sealed up Zheng's memorial and showed it to Jun, then recalled Zheng and removed him from office.
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2衛溫、諸葛直軍行經歲，士卒疾疫死者什八九，亶洲絕遠，卒不可得至，得夷洲數千人還。 溫、直坐無功，誅。
2. Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi had been at sea for a year, and eight or nine soldiers in ten succumbed to disease. Danzhou proved too distant to reach; in the end they returned with several thousand captives from Yizhou. Wen and Zhi were condemned for their failure and put to death.
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3漢丞相亮命李嚴以中都護署府事。 嚴更名平。 亮帥諸軍入寇，圍祁山，以木牛運。 於是大司馬曹真有疾，帝命司馬懿西屯長安，督將軍張郃、費曜、戴陵、郭淮等以禦之。
3. Zhuge Liang, chancellor of Han, appointed Li Yan Central Supervisor of the Army to administer headquarters affairs. Yan changed his personal name to Ping. Liang led his forces north, laid siege to Qishan, and supplied them with his wooden-ox transport. Grand Marshal Cao Zhen had fallen ill, so the emperor ordered Sima Yi to take up position at Chang'an and direct Generals Zhang He, Fei Yao, Dai Ling, Guo Huai, and others against the invasion.
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4三月，邵陵元侯曹真卒。
4. In the third month, Cao Zhen, Marquis Yuan of Shaoling, died.
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5自十月不雨，至于是月。
5. No rain had fallen since the tenth month, and the drought continued into this month.
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6司馬懿使費曜、戴陵留精兵四千守上邽，餘眾悉出，西救祁山。 張郃欲分兵駐雍、郿，懿曰：「料前軍能獨當之者，將軍言是也。 若不能當而分為前後，此楚之三軍所以為黥布禽也。」 遂進。 亮分兵留攻祁山，自逆懿於上邽。 郭淮、費曜等徼亮，亮破之，因大芟刈其麥，與懿遇於上邽之東。 懿斂軍依險，兵不得交，亮引還。
6. Sima Yi left Fei Yao and Dai Ling with four thousand elite troops to hold Shanggui and marched west with the rest of his force to relieve Qishan. Zhang He wanted to detach troops to garrison Yong and Mei. Yi replied, "If you believe the vanguard can hold on its own, General, you are right. But if they cannot hold and you divide into front and rear, you will repeat how the three armies of Chu were taken by Qing Bu." He pressed forward. Liang detached troops to continue the siege of Qishan and marched in person to confront Yi at Shanggui. Guo Huai, Fei Yao, and others tried to intercept Liang, but he routed them and then reaped the wheat fields in force before meeting Yi east of Shanggui. Yi drew up his army on difficult ground so that neither side could close; Liang then withdrew.
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懿等尋亮後至于鹵城。 張郃曰：「彼遠來逆我，請戰不得，謂我利不在戰，欲以長計制之也。 且祁山知大軍已在近，人情自固，可止屯於此，分為奇兵，示出其後，不宜進前而不敢逼，坐失民望也。 今亮孤軍食少，亦行去矣。」 懿不從，故尋亮。 既至，又登山掘營，不肯戰。 賈栩、魏平數請戰，因曰：「公畏蜀如虎，奈天下笑何！」 懿病之。 諸將咸請戰。 夏，五月，辛已，懿乃使張郃攻無當監何平於南圍，自案中道向亮。 亮使魏延、高翔、吳班逆戰，魏兵大敗，漢人獲甲著三千，懿還保營。
Yi pursued Liang as far as Lucheng. Zhang He said, "They marched far to meet us and could not get us to fight; they will conclude we do not want battle and mean to wear them down over time. Besides, once Qishan learns the main army is near, its defenders will take heart. We should halt here, send a flanking force to threaten their rear, and not march up only to hang back—that would forfeit the army's confidence. Liang is isolated and short of food; he will withdraw before long." Yi refused and kept following Liang. On arrival they again took the high ground and dug in, still refusing to fight. Jia Xu and Wei Ping pressed repeatedly for battle, saying, "You fear Shu as though it were a tiger—what will you say when the world mocks you?" Yi was deeply annoyed. Every general clamored for battle. In summer, the fifth month, on the day Xinsi, Yi sent Zhang He against Supervisor of the Unconquered He Ping at the southern camp and marched on Liang himself along the central route. Liang sent Wei Yan, Gao Xiang, and Wu Ban to meet the attack; the Wei forces were routed, and the Han army captured three thousand suits of armor. Yi fell back to his camp.
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六月，亮以糧盡退軍，司馬懿遣張郃追之，〔郃曰：「軍法，圍城必開出路，歸軍勿追。」 懿不聽。 郃不得已，遂進〕。 郃進至木門，與亮戰，〔漢〕( 蜀) 人乘高佈伏蜀) 人乘高佈伏此處司馬光未改「蜀」為「漢」，逕改。，弓弩亂髮，飛矢中郃右膝而卒。
In the sixth month, Liang withdrew for lack of supplies; Sima Yi sent Zhang He in pursuit. [He said, "Military law requires that a besieged city be left an escape route and that a retreating army not be pursued." Yi would not hear of it. .1 He pressed on to Mumen and fought Liang; [the Han] ( Shu) Shu)2 troops took the heights and set an ambush. Here Sima Guang did not change "Shu" to "Han" but altered the text directly. ; crossbows loosed in a storm, and a stray arrow struck He's right knee and killed him.
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7秋，七月，乙酉，皇子殷生，大赦。
7. In autumn, the seventh month, on the day Yiyou, the prince Yin was born and a general amnesty was declared.
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8黃初以來，諸侯王法禁嚴切。 〔吏察之急〕，至于親姻皆不敢相通問。 東阿王植上疏曰：「堯之為教，先親後疏，自近及遠。 周文王刑于寡妻，至于兄弟，以御于家邦。 伏惟陛下資帝唐欽明之德，體文王翼翼之仁，惠洽椒房，恩昭九族，群後百寮，番休遞上，執政不廢於公朝，下情得展示私室，親理之路通，慶吊之情展，誠可謂恕己治人，推惠施恩者矣。 至於臣者，人道絕緒，禁錮明時，臣竊自傷也。 不敢乃望交氣類，修人事，敘人倫。 近且婚媾不通，兄弟乖絕，吉凶之問塞，慶吊之禮廢。 恩紀之違，甚於路人； 隔閡之異，殊於胡越。 今臣以一切之制，永無朝覲之望，至於注心皇極，結情紫闥，神明知之矣。 然天實為之，謂之何哉！ 退惟諸王常有戚戚具爾之心，願陛下沛然垂詔，使諸國慶問，四節得展，以敘骨肉之歡恩，全怡怡之篤義。 妃妾之家，膏沐之遺，歲得再通，齊義於貴宗，等惠於百司。 如此，則古人之所歎，風雅之所詠，復存於聖世矣！ 臣伏自惟省，無錐刀之用； 及觀陛下之所拔授，若以臣為異姓，竊自料度，不後於朝士矣。 若得辭遠遊，戴武弁，解朱組，佩青紱，駙馬、奉車，趣得一號，安宅京室，執鞭珥筆，出從華蓋，入侍輦轂，承答聖問，拾遺左右，乃臣丹誠之至願，不離於夢想者也。 遠慕《鹿鳴》君臣之宴，中詠《常棣》匪他之誡，不思《伐木》友生之義，終懷《蓼莪》罔極之哀。 每四節之會，塊然獨處，左右惟僕隸，所對惟妻子，高談無所與陳，精義無所與展，未嘗不聞樂而拊心，臨觴而歎息也。 臣伏以犬馬之誠不能動人，譬人之誠不能動天，崩城、隕霜，臣初信之，以臣心況，徒虛語耳！ 若葵藿之傾葉太陽，雖不為回光，然向之者誠也。 竊自比葵藿，若降天地之施，垂三光之明者，實在陛下。 臣聞《文子》曰：『不為福始，不為禍先。』 今之否隔，友於同憂，而臣獨倡言者，實不願於聖世有不蒙施之物，欲陛下崇光被時雍之美，宣緝熙章明之德也！」 詔報曰：「蓋教化所由，各有隆敝，非皆善始而惡終也，事使之然。 今令諸國兄弟情禮簡怠，妃妾之家膏沐疏略，本無禁錮諸國通問之詔也。 矯枉過正，下吏懼譴，以至於此耳。 已敕有司，如王所訴。」
8. Since the Huangchu era, the laws governing feudal princes had grown harsh. , until even close kin dared not visit one another.3 Cao Zhi, Prince of Dong'e, submitted a memorial: "Yao taught that one should honor kin before strangers, the near before the far. King Wen of Zhou began by disciplining himself before his humble wife, extended that example to his brothers, and so governed both family and realm. I humbly consider that Your Majesty possesses the reverent brilliance of Yao and Shun, embodies King Wen's cautious benevolence, extends grace to the inner palace, and makes kindness shine upon the nine degrees of kin. The feudal lords and hundred officials rotate in attendance without neglecting public business, while private feelings may still be shown at home—family ties are open, congratulations and condolences may be exchanged. This truly may be called governing others by forgiving oneself and spreading favor and grace. As for me, the bonds of human society are severed; I am confined in this enlightened age, and I grieve in secret. I dare not even hope to mingle with kindred spirits, cultivate human affairs, or put human relations in order. Of late even marriage ties are severed, brothers are estranged, inquiries after good or ill fortune are blocked, and the rites of congratulation and condolence have lapsed. The breach of bonds of grace is worse than with strangers on the road; the estrangement of separation is more extreme than between Hu and Yue. Under these blanket restrictions I have forever lost hope of audience at court; yet my heart is fixed on the throne and my feelings bound to the palace gates—the divine powers know this. Yet Heaven truly ordained this—what can one say! Reflecting in retirement, I know the princes often harbor anxious, earnest hearts. I pray Your Majesty will issue a sweeping edict so that the feudal states may exchange congratulations and inquiries, the four seasons may be observed, kinship's joyful grace may be renewed, and cordial, steadfast righteousness made whole. The households of consorts and concubines might receive gifts of toilet goods twice a year, equal in propriety to the noble clans and equal in grace to the hundred offices. Then what the ancients sighed over and what the Songs and Odes celebrate would live again in this sage age! I humbly reflect upon myself and find no use even for the point of a knife; yet observing those Your Majesty promotes and appoints, if I were treated as one of another surname, I venture to judge that I would not rank behind court officials. If I could leave distant exile, wear the military cap, lay aside the crimson sash, wear the blue ribbon, serve as Master of the Sidecar or Bearer of the Carriage, obtain some modest title, dwell securely in the capital, hold the whip and wear the writing tablet, go out following the ornate canopy and enter to attend the imperial carriage, answer Your questions and gather what others omit at Your side—that would be the utmost wish of my loyal heart, never absent from my dreams. From afar I admire the lord-and-minister feast of "Deer Cry"; within I chant the admonition of "Cherry-apple" that kin are not other; I do not think of the friendship of "Felling Trees"; I end by cherishing the boundless grief of "Smartweed-Eulalia." At each gathering of the four seasons I sit alone in isolation; at my side are only servants, my only companions my wife and children; there is no one with whom to unfold lofty discourse or refine meaning. Never have I heard music without striking my breast, or faced a cup without sighing. I humbly consider that the sincerity of dog and horse cannot move others, just as human sincerity cannot move Heaven; collapsing walls and falling frost—I once believed these, but measured against my heart they are empty words! Like sunflower and bean tendril turning their leaves to the sun—though they do not make it turn back its light, yet their turning is sincere. I compare myself in secret to sunflower and bean tendril; if there is one who bestows Heaven and Earth's grace and lets the three luminaries shine down, it is truly Your Majesty. I have heard in the Wenzi: "Do not be the first to bring fortune, do not be the first to bring calamity." The present estrangement grieves brothers alike, yet I alone speak out—not because I wish anything in this sage age to go unblessed, but because I desire Your Majesty to exalt the radiance of an age of harmony and proclaim the bright, illustrious virtue of glorious peace!" An edict in reply said, "Teaching and transformation each have their rise and decline; not all begin well and end badly—circumstances make it so. Brotherly feeling and ritual among the feudal states have grown slack, and gifts to consorts' households sparse—there was never an edict forbidding the states to exchange visits. Correcting the bent went too far; lower officials feared punishment, and matters came to this. I have already instructed the relevant offices according to what the prince pleaded."
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植復上疏曰：「昔漢文發代，疑朝有變，宋昌曰：『內有朱虛、東牟之親，外有齊、楚、淮南、琅邪，此則磐石之宗，願王勿疑。』 臣伏惟陛下遠覽姬文二虢之援，中慮周成召、畢之輔，下存宋昌磐石之固。 臣聞羊質虎皮，見草則悅，見豺則戰，忘其皮之虎也。 今置將不良，有似於此。 故語曰：『患為之者不知，知之者不得為也。』 昔管、蔡放誅，周、召作弼； 叔魚陷刑，叔向贊國。 三監之釁，臣自當之； 二南之輔，求必不遠。 華宗貴族籓王之中，必有應斯舉者。 夫能使天下傾耳注目者，當權者是也。 故謀能移主，威能懾下。 豪右執政，不在親戚，權之所在，雖疏必重，勢之所去，雖親必輕。 蓋取齊者田族，非呂宗也； 分晉者趙、魏，非姬姓也。 惟陛下察之。 苟吉專其位，凶離其患者，異姓之臣也。 欲國之安，祈家之貴，存共其榮，歿同其禍者，公族之臣也。 今反公族疏而異姓親，臣竊惑焉。 今臣與陛下踐冰履炭，登山浮澗，寒溫燥濕，高下共之，豈得離陛下哉！ 不勝憤懣，拜表陳情。 若有不合，乞且藏之書府，不便滅棄，臣死之後，事或可思。 若有毫釐少掛聖意者，乞出之朝堂，使夫博古之士，糾臣表之不合義者，如是則臣願足矣。」 帝但以優文答報而已。
Zhi submitted another memorial: "When Emperor Wen of Han set out from Dai he suspected turmoil in the capital; Song Chang said, "Within are the kin of Zhuxu and Dongmou; without are Qi, Chu, Huainan, and Langye—these are bedrock clans; I pray Your Highness do not doubt. I humbly consider that Your Majesty looks far to King Wen of Zhou's support from the two Guo states, reflects on King Cheng of Zhou's assistance from the Duke of Shao and the Duke of Bi, and preserves below Song Chang's bedrock solidity. I have heard that a sheep in tiger's skin delights at the sight of grass but trembles at the sight of jackals, forgetting that its skin is tiger's. Now if the generals appointed are unfit, it is somewhat like this. Hence the saying: "The one who suffers the trouble does not understand it; the one who understands it cannot act." Formerly Guan and Cai were executed for rebellion, and the Duke of Zhou and the Duke of Shao served as assistants; Shuyu fell into punishment, yet Shuxiang aided the state. The offense of the Three Overseers—I should bear it myself; assistants like those of the Two Souths—sought, they cannot be far. Among the splendid clans, noble houses, and feudal princes there must be one fit for this role. What makes the world incline its ears and fix its eyes is whoever holds power. Thus counsel can sway the ruler and authority can awe subordinates. When powerful magnates hold government, kinship counts for nothing; where power lies, even the distant grow weighty; where influence departs, even kin are slighted. Those who seized Qi were the Tian clan, not the house of Lü; those who divided Jin were Zhao and Wei, not of the house of Ji. May Your Majesty examine this. If fortune attends those who monopolize their posts and disaster those who leave them, these are ministers of another surname. Those who desire the state's peace, pray for the clan's honor, share glory in life and share calamity in death—these are ministers of the imperial clan. Now the imperial clan is kept distant while those of other surnames are drawn near—I am privately perplexed. Now your servant and Your Majesty tread ice and walk on coals, climb mountains and ford streams, share cold and heat, dryness and damp, high and low—how could I leave Your Majesty! Unable to bear my indignation, I bow and present this memorial stating my feelings. If anything does not accord, I beg that it be stored for now in the archive and not lightly destroyed; after my death the matter may yet be pondered. If the slightest thing offends Your mind, I beg it be brought forth in court so that masters versed in antiquity may correct what in my memorial does not accord with right principle—then my wish would be fulfilled." The emperor only replied with soothing words and nothing more.
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八月，詔曰：「先帝著令，不欲使諸王在京都者，謂幼主在位，母后攝政，防微以漸，關諸盛衰也。 朕惟不見諸王十有二載，悠悠之懷，能不興思！ 其令諸王及宗室公侯各將適子一人朝明年正月，後有少主、母后在宮者，自如先帝令。」
In the eighth month an edict said, "The late emperor issued an order that he did not wish princes to remain in the capital because, when a young ruler holds the throne and the empress dowager regents, guarding against trouble from the small and gradual bears on rise and decline. I reflect that I have not seen the princes for twelve years—how can my distant longing fail to stir my thoughts! Let the princes and the imperial clan's dukes and marquises each bring one legitimate son to court in the first month of next year; hereafter, when there is a young ruler and an empress dowager regent in the palace, follow the late emperor's order as before."
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9漢丞相亮之攻祁山也，李平留後，主督運事。 會天霖雨，平恐運糧不繼，遣參軍孤忠、督軍成籓喻指，呼亮來還； 亮承以退軍。 平聞軍退，乃更陽驚，說「軍糧饒足，何以便歸！」 又欲殺督運岑述以解己不辦之責。 又表漢主，說「軍偽退，欲以誘賊與戰。」 亮具出其前後手筆書疏，本末違錯。 平辭窮情竭，首謝罪負。 於是亮表平前後過惡，免官，削爵土，徙梓潼郡。 復以平子豐為中郎將、參軍事，出教敕之曰：「吾與君父子戮力以獎漢室，表都護典漢中，委君於東關，謂至心震動，終始可保，何圖中乖乎！ 若都護思負一意，君與公琰推心從事，否可復通，逝可復還也。 詳思斯戒，明吾用心！」
9. When Zhuge Liang attacked Qishan, Li Ping remained behind and supervised transport. Heavy rains set in; Ping feared supplies could not keep up and sent Staff Officer Gu Zhong and Transport Supervisor Cheng Fan with instructions summoning Liang to return; Liang accepted this and withdrew the army. When Ping heard the army had withdrawn, he then openly feigned surprise, saying, "Army grain is abundant—why withdraw so soon!" He also wished to kill Transport Supervisor Cen Shu to absolve himself of failure in his duties. He also memorialized the Han ruler, saying, "The army feigned retreat to lure the enemy into battle." Liang produced in full his earlier and later handwritten letters and memorials, which contradicted each other from beginning to end. Ping's words were exhausted and his feelings spent; he bowed his head and acknowledged guilt. Thereupon Liang memorialized Ping's offenses past and present; he was dismissed from office, stripped of rank and fief, and moved to Zitong commandery. Liang again appointed Ping's son Feng as General of the Gentlemen of the Household and Staff Officer, issuing an instruction to him saying, "Your father and I joined forces to aid the Han house; I memorialized him as Area Commander-in-Chief governing Hanzhong and entrusted you at the eastern passes, thinking your utmost sincerity would hold from start to finish—who expected such a breach midway! If the Area Commander-in-Chief reflects on his betrayal, you and Fei Yi should deal with him in open sincerity—what is severed may be joined again, what has departed may return. Ponder this admonition carefully and understand my intent!"
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亮又與蔣琬、董允書曰：「孝起前為吾說正方腹中有鱗甲，鄉黨以為不可近。 吾以為鱗甲者但不當犯之耳，不圖復有蘇、張之事出於不意，可使孝起知之。」 孝起者，衛尉南陽陳震也。
Liang also wrote to Jiang Wan and Dong Yun: "Xiaoqi once told me that Li Yan has scales in his belly and that neighbors consider him unapproachable. I thought 'scales' meant only that one should not provoke him—who expected Su and Zhang tactics to emerge unexpectedly? You may let Xiaoqi know." Xiaoqi was Commandant of the Guards Chen Zhen of Nanyang.
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10冬，十月，吳主使中郎將孫布詐降，以誘揚州刺史王淩，吳主伏兵於阜陵以俟之。 布遣人告淩云：「道遠不能自致，乞兵見迎。」 淩騰布書，請兵馬迎之。 征東將軍滿寵以為必詐，不與兵，而為淩作報書曰：「知識邪正，欲避禍就順，去暴歸道，甚相嘉尚。 今欲遣兵相迎，然計兵少則不足相衛，多則事必遠聞。 且先密計以成本志，臨時節度其宜。」 會寵被書入朝，敕留府長史，「若淩欲往迎，勿與兵也。」 淩於後索兵不得，乃單遣一督將步騎七百人往迎之，布夜掩襲，督將迸走，死傷過半。 淩，允之兄子也。
10. In winter, the tenth month, Sun Quan sent General of the Gentlemen of the Household Sun Bu to feign surrender and lure Yang Province Inspector Wang Ling; Sun Quan stationed ambush troops at Fuling to await him. Bu sent someone to tell Ling, "The road is long and I cannot come in person; I beg troops to meet and welcome me." Ling forwarded Bu's letter and requested troops and horses to welcome him. Eastern Campaigning General Man Chong thought it must be a ruse and would not give troops, but wrote a reply for Ling saying, "Knowing right from wrong, wishing to flee calamity and follow what is fitting, leaving violence and returning to the Way—this is greatly to be praised. Now I wish to send troops to welcome you, yet if the force is small it will not suffice to protect you; if large, the affair will surely be heard far and wide. First make secret plans to accomplish your intent, then adjust measures as circumstances require." It happened that Chong was summoned to court by imperial letter; he ordered the chief clerk left at headquarters, "If Ling wishes to go welcome him, do not give troops." Later Ling requested troops but could not obtain them; he then sent alone one supervising general with seven hundred infantry and cavalry to welcome Bu. Bu raided by night; the supervising general fled in disorder, and more than half were killed or wounded. Ling was the son of Yun's elder brother.
19
先是淩表寵年過耽酒，不可居方任。 帝將召寵，給事中郭謀曰：「寵為汝南太守、豫州刺史二十餘年，有勳方岳； 及鎮淮南，吳人憚之。 若不如所表，將為所窺，可令還朝，問以東方事以察之。」 帝從之。 既至，體氣康強，帝慰勞遣還。
Earlier Ling had memorialized that Chong was advanced in years and addicted to wine, unfit to hold a regional post. The emperor was about to summon Chong; Attendant Within the Yellow Gates Guo Mou said, "Chong served as Administrator of Runan and Inspector of Yuzhou for more than twenty years, with merit in the regions; when he garrisoned Huainan, the Wu people feared him. If he is not as the memorial states, he will be spied upon; he may be ordered back to court and questioned on eastern affairs to observe him." The emperor followed this. When he arrived, his constitution was robust and healthy; the emperor comforted him and sent him back.
20
11十一月，戊戌晦，日有食之。
11. In the eleventh month, on the last day of the cycle Wuxu, there was a solar eclipse.
21
12十二月，戊午，博平敬侯華歆卒。
12. In the twelfth month, on the day Wuwu, Hua Xin, Marquis Jing of Boping, died.
22
13丁卯，吳大赦，改明年元曰嘉禾。
13. On the day Dingmao, Wu proclaimed a general amnesty and changed next year's era name to Jiahe.
23
1春，正月，吳主少子建昌侯慮卒。 太子登自武昌入省吳主，因自陳久離定省，子道有闕； 又陳陸遜忠勤，無所顧憂。 乃留建業。
1. In spring, the first month, Sun Quan's youngest son, Marquis of Jianchang Lü, died. Crown Prince Deng came from Wuchang to visit Sun Quan and confessed that long absence from regular attendance had left a gap in filial duty; he also stated that Lu Xun was loyal and diligent, leaving nothing to worry about. He then remained at Jianye.
24
2二月，詔改封諸侯王，皆以郡為國。
2. In the second month, an edict changed the enfeoffments of feudal princes so that each took a commandery as his state.
25
3帝愛女淑卒，帝痛之甚，追謚平原懿公主，立廟洛陽，葬於南陵。 取甄后從孫黃與之合葬，追封黃為列侯，為之置後，襲爵。 帝欲自臨送葬，又欲幸許。 司空陳群諫曰：「八歲下殤，禮所不備，況未期月，而以成人禮送之，加為制服，舉朝素衣，朝夕哭臨，自古以來，未有此比。 而乃復自往視陵，親臨祖載！ 願陛下抑割無益有損之事，此萬國之至望也。 又聞車駕欲幸許昌，二宮上下，皆悉俱東，舉朝大小，莫不驚怪。 或言欲以避衰，或言欲以便移殿捨，或不知何故。 臣以為吉凶有命，禍福由人，移走求安，則亦無益。 若必當移避，繕治金墉城西宮及孟津別宮，皆可權時分止，何為舉宮暴露野次！ 公私煩費，不可計量。 且吉士賢人，猶不妄徙其家，以寧鄉邑，使無恐懼之心，況乃帝王萬國之主，行止動靜，豈可輕脫哉！」 少府楊阜曰：「文皇帝、武宣皇后崩，陛下皆不送葬，所以重社稷，備不虞也； 何至孩抱之赤子而送葬也哉！」 帝皆不聽。 三月，癸酉，行東巡。
3. The emperor's beloved daughter Shu died; the emperor grieved deeply, posthumously titled her Princess Yi of Pingyuan, erected a temple in Luoyang, and buried her at Nanling. He took Empress Zhen's collateral descendant Huang to be buried with her, posthumously enfeoffed Huang as a ranked marquis, established an heir for him, and had the title inherited. The emperor wished to attend the funeral in person and also wished to visit Xu. Minister of Works Chen Qun remonstrated: "Burial rites for a child who dies before eight are not provided for in ritual; moreover, not yet a full month old, yet you send her off with adult rites, add mourning garments, have the whole court in white, and mourn morning and evening—since antiquity there has been nothing like this. Yet you would again go in person to view the tomb and attend the sending-off rites! I pray Your Majesty restrain what is useless and harmful—this is the utmost hope of the realm. I also hear the imperial carriage wishes to visit Xuchang, and both palaces above and below would all move east together—the whole court great and small is startled and amazed. Some say you wish to avoid ill fortune, some say to facilitate moving palace quarters, some do not know the reason. I consider that fortune and misfortune have their mandate, calamity and blessing depend on people—moving about to seek safety is likewise of no use. If you must move to avoid harm, repairing the western palace at Jinyong and the separate palace at Mengjin could both serve as temporary halts—why expose the whole palace in the open countryside! Public and private trouble and expense cannot be calculated. Moreover, even worthy gentlemen do not lightly move their households, so as to settle their villages and leave no heart of fear—how much more the emperor, lord of ten thousand states: his comings and goings, his movements and stillness—how can they be lightly cast aside!" Minister Steward Yang Fu said, "When Emperor Wen and Empress Wuxuan died, Your Majesty did not attend the burials, thereby honoring the altars of soil and grain and guarding against the unforeseen; how could you go so far as to send off a suckling infant in burial!" The emperor would not listen to any of this. In the third month, on the day Guiyou, he made an eastern tour.
26
4吳主遣將軍周賀、校尉裴潛乘海之遼東，從公孫淵求馬。
4. Sun Quan sent General Zhou He and Commandant Pei Qian by sea to Liaodong to request horses from Gongsun Yuan.
27
初，虞翻性疏直，數有酒失，又好抵忤人，多見謗毀。 吳主嘗與張昭論及神仙，翻指昭曰：「彼皆死人而語神仙，世豈有仙人也！」 吳主積怒非一，遂徙翻交州。 及周賀等之遼東，翻聞之，以為五溪宜討，遼東絕遠，聽使來屬，尚不足取，今去人財以求馬，既非國利，又恐無獲。 欲諫不敢，作表以示呂岱，岱不報。 為愛憎所白，復徙蒼梧猛陵。
Earlier, Yu Fan's nature was blunt and upright; he often erred through drink and also liked to offend people, and was much slandered. Sun Quan once discussed immortals with Zhang Zhao; Fan pointed at Zhao and said, "Those are dead men speaking of immortals—are there immortals in the world!" Sun Quan's accumulated anger was not slight; he then moved Fan to Jiaozhou. When Zhou He and others went to Liaodong, Fan heard of it and thought the Five Streams should be attacked; Liaodong is utterly remote—even if they came to submit it would hardly be worth taking; now to send men and wealth for horses is neither national profit nor, I fear, likely to succeed. He wished to remonstrate but dared not; he drafted a memorial and showed it to Lü Dai, who did not reply. Reported by those who loved or hated him, he was again moved to Mengling in Cangwu.
28
5夏，四月，壬寅，帝如許昌。
5. In summer, the fourth month, on the day Renyin, the emperor went to Xuchang.
29
1五月，皇子殷卒。
1. In the fifth month, the prince Yin died.
30
7秋，七月，以衛尉董昭為司徒。
7. In autumn, the seventh month, Commandant of the Guards Dong Zhao was made Minister of Education.
31
8九月，帝行如摩陂，治許昌宮，起景福、承光殿。
8. In the ninth month, the emperor went to Mobei, repaired the palace at Xuchang, and erected the Jingfu and Chengguang halls.
32
9公孫淵陰懷貳心，數與吳通。 帝使汝南太守田豫督青州諸軍自海道，幽州刺史王雄自陸道討之。 散騎常侍蔣濟諫曰：「凡非相吞之國，不侵叛之臣，不宜輕伐。 伐之而不能制，是驅使為賊也。 故曰：『虎狼當路，不治狐狸。』 先除大害，小害自己。 今海表之地，累世委質，歲選計、孝，不乏職貢，議者先之。 正使一舉便克，得其民不足益國，得其財不足為富； 倘不如意，是為結怨失信也。」 帝不聽。 豫等往，皆無功，詔令罷軍。
9. Gongsun Yuan secretly harbored disloyal intent and repeatedly communicated with Wu. The emperor sent Administrator of Runan Tian Yu to supervise Qing Province armies by the sea route and Inspector of You Wang Xiong by the land route to attack him. Regular Attendant Jiang Ji remonstrated: "Generally, states that are not devouring each other and subjects who do not invade or rebel should not be lightly attacked. To attack and fail to control them is to drive them to become bandits. Hence the saying: "When tigers and wolves block the road, do not bother with foxes." Remove the great harm first, and lesser harms will resolve themselves. Now the lands beyond the sea have for generations submitted allegiance, yearly selecting candidates for the provincial and filial-piety examinations, never failing in tribute—those who discuss policy put them first. Even if one stroke conquered them, gaining their people would not enrich the state, gaining their wealth would not make it rich; if things do not go as wished, this is to forge enmity and break faith." The emperor would not listen. Yu and the others went but all achieved nothing; an edict ordered the armies withdrawn.
33
豫以吳使周賀等垂還，歲晚風急，必畏漂浪，東道無岸，當赴成山，成山無藏船之處，遂輒以兵屯據成山。 賀等還至成山，遇風，豫勒兵擊賀等，斬之。 吳主聞之，始思虞翻之言，乃召翻於交州。 會翻已卒，以其喪還。
Yu thought the Wu envoys Zhou He and others were about to return; late in the year winds are fierce and they would surely fear being driven by waves—the eastern route has no harbors and they would head for Chengshan; Chengshan has no place to hide ships, so he promptly stationed troops to hold Chengshan. He and the others returned to Chengshan, met wind, and Yu led troops to attack He and the others and beheaded them. Sun Quan heard of this and first reflected on Yu Fan's words; he then summoned Fan from Jiaozhou. It happened that Fan had already died; his coffin was brought back.
34
10十一月，庚寅，陳思王植卒。
10. In the eleventh month, on the day Gengyin, Cao Zhi, Prince of Chen Si, died.
35
11十二月，帝還許昌宮。
11. In the twelfth month, the emperor returned to the palace at Xuchang.
36
12侍中劉曄為帝所親重。 帝將伐蜀，朝臣內外皆曰不可。 曄入與帝議，則曰可伐； 出與朝臣言，則曰不可。 曄有膽智，言之皆有形。 中領軍楊暨，帝之親臣，又重曄，執不可伐之議最堅，每從內出，輒過曄，曄講不可之意。 後暨與帝論伐蜀事，暨切諫，帝曰：「卿書生，焉知兵事！」 暨謝曰：「臣言誠不足采，侍中劉曄，先帝謀臣，常曰蜀不可伐。」 帝曰：「曄與吾言蜀可伐。」 暨曰：「曄可召質也。」 詔召曄至，帝問曄，終不言。 後獨見，曄責帝曰：「伐國，大謀也，臣得與聞大謀，常恐瞇夢漏洩以益臣罪，焉敢向人言之！ 夫兵詭道也，軍事未發，不厭其密。 陛下顯然露之，臣恐敵國已聞之矣。」 於是帝謝之。 曄見出，責暨曰：「夫釣者中大魚，則縱而隨之，須可制而後牽，則無不得也。 人主之威，豈徒大魚而已！ 子誠直臣，然計不足采，不可不精思也。」 暨亦謝之。
12. Palace Attendant Liu Ye was personally favored and esteemed by the emperor. The emperor was about to attack Shu; court officials within and without all said it could not be done. When Ye entered to discuss with the emperor, he said it could be attacked; when he went out and spoke to court officials, he said it could not. Ye had courage and wisdom; what he said always took concrete form. Central Army Commander Yang Ji was the emperor's intimate minister and also esteemed Ye; he held most firmly to the view that attack was impossible, and whenever he came out from within he would pass by Ye, and Ye would explain why it could not be done. Later Ji discussed attacking Shu with the emperor; Ji remonstrated urgently. The emperor said, "You are a bookish man—how would you know military affairs!" Ji apologized: "My words truly are not worth adopting; Palace Attendant Liu Ye, the late emperor's strategist, always said Shu could not be attacked." The emperor said, "Ye told me Shu could be attacked." Ji said, "Ye may be summoned to verify this." An edict summoned Ye; when the emperor questioned Ye, he said nothing in the end. Later, seeing him alone, Ye reproached the emperor: "Attacking a state is a great plan; having been allowed to hear a great plan, I constantly fear dozing or dreaming and leaking it to increase my guilt—how dare I speak of it to others! Warfare is the way of deception; before military affairs are launched, one cannot have too much secrecy. Your Majesty has openly exposed it—I fear the enemy state has already heard." The emperor then apologized to him. After Liu Ye left the audience, he rebuked Yang Ji: "When a fisherman hooks a large fish, he lets it run and follows it; only when he can control it does he haul it in—and then nothing gets away. A ruler's authority is no mere fish on the line! You are a loyal, forthright minister—but your scheme was not worth taking. You must think these matters through more carefully." Yang Ji apologized as well.
37
或謂帝曰：「曄不盡忠，善伺上意所趨而合之。 陛下試與曄言，皆反意而問之，若皆與所問反者，是曄常與聖意合也。 每問皆同者，曄之情必無所復逃矣。」 帝如言以驗之，果得其情，從此疏焉。 曄遂發狂，出為大鴻臚，以憂死。
Someone told the emperor, "Liu Ye is not wholly loyal. He is adept at reading where Your Majesty's mind is tending and shaping his answers to match it. Your Majesty might test him by speaking with Liu Ye and asking the opposite of what you mean. If he always answers contrary to the question, that proves he habitually aligns with the imperial will. But if every question draws the same answer, Liu Ye's true disposition will have nowhere left to hide." The emperor tested him as advised, uncovered his true character, and from that time kept him at arm's length. Liu Ye soon went mad, was transferred out as Grand Herald of the Hong, and died of distress.
38
::《傅子》曰：巧詐不如拙誠，信矣！ 以曄之明智權計，若居之以德義，行之以忠信，古之上賢，何以加諸！ 獨任才智，不敦誠愨，內失君心，外困於俗，卒以自危，豈不惜哉！
Fu Zi says: "Clever deceit cannot match plain sincerity—how true!" Given Liu Ye's intelligence and shrewd calculation, had he grounded himself in virtue and righteousness and acted in loyalty and good faith, what could the greatest sages of old have added to him! He relied on talent alone and did not cultivate sincere integrity. Within he lost the ruler's trust; without he was hemmed in by public opinion—and in the end endangered himself. Is that not a pity!
39
13曄嘗譖尚書令陳矯專權，矯懼，以告其子騫。 騫曰：「主上明聖，大人大臣，今若不合，不過不作公耳。」 後數日，帝意果解。
13. Liu Ye once accused Director of the Masters of Writing Chen Qiao of monopolizing power. Qiao was alarmed and told his son Qian. Qian said, "The sovereign is enlightened and sagacious, and you are a great minister. If you are out of favor for the moment, at worst you will simply not be enfeoffed as a duke." A few days later, the emperor's suspicions did indeed lift.
40
尚書郎樂安廉昭以才能得幸，昭好抉擿群臣細過以求媚於上。 黃門侍郎杜恕上疏曰：「伏見廉昭奏左丞曹璠以罰當關不依詔，坐判問。 又云：『諸當坐者別奏。』 尚書令陳矯自奏不敢辭罰，亦不敢陳理，志意懇惻。 臣竊愍然為朝廷惜之！ 古之帝王所以能輔世長民者，莫不遠得百姓之歡心，近盡群臣之智力。 今陛下憂勞萬機，或親燈火，而庶事不康，刑禁日弛。 原其所由，非獨臣不盡忠，亦主不能使也。 百里奚愚於虞而智於秦，豫讓苟容中行而著節智伯，斯則古人之明驗矣。 若陛下以為今世無良才，朝廷乏賢佐，豈可追望稷、契之遐蹤，坐待來世之俊乂乎！ 今之所謂賢者，盡有大官而享厚祿矣，然而奉上之節未立，向公之心不一者，委任之責不專，而俗多忌諱故也。 臣以為忠臣不必親，親臣不必忠。 今有疏者毀人而陛下疑其私報所憎，譽人而陛下疑其私愛所親，左右或因之以進憎愛之說，遂使疏者不敢毀譽，以至政事損益，亦皆有嫌。 陛下當思所以闡廣朝臣之心，篤厲有道之節，使之自同古人，垂名竹帛，反使如廉昭者擾亂其間，臣懼大臣將遂容身保位，坐觀得失，為來世戒也。 昔周公戒魯侯曰：『無使大臣怨乎不以。』 言不賢則不可為大臣，為大臣則不可不用也。 《書》數舜之功，稱去四凶，不言有罪無問大小則去也。 今者朝臣不自以為不能，以陛下為不任也； 不自以為不知，以陛下為不問也。 陛下何不遵周公之所以用，大舜之所以去，使侍中、尚書坐則侍帷幄，行則從華輦，親對詔問，各陳所有，則群臣之行皆可得而知，患能者進，闇劣者退，誰敢依違而不自盡。 以陛下之聖明，親與群臣論議政事，使群臣人得自盡，賢愚能否，在陛下之所用。 以此治事，何事不辦； 以此建功，何功不成！ 每有軍事，詔書常曰：『誰當憂此者邪？ 吾當自憂耳。』 近詔又曰：『憂公忘私者必不然，但先公後私即自辦也。』 伏讀明詔，乃知聖思究盡下情，然亦怪陛下不治其本而憂其末也。 人之能否，實有本性，雖臣亦以為朝臣不盡稱職也。 明主之用人也，使能者不能遺其力，而不能者不得處非其任。 選舉非其人，未必為有罪也； 舉朝共容非其人，乃為怪耳。 陛下知其不盡力也而代之憂其職，知其不能也而教之治其事，豈徒主勞而臣逸哉，雖聖賢並世，終不能以此為治也！ 陛下又患臺閣禁令之不密，人事請屬之不絕，作迎客出入之制，以惡吏守寺門，斯實未得為禁之本也。 昔漢安帝時，少府竇嘉辟廷尉郭躬無罪之兄子，猶見舉奏，章劾紛紛； 近司隸校尉孔羨辟大將軍狂悖之弟，而有司嘿爾，望風希指，甚於受屬。 選舉不以實者也。 嘉有親戚之寵，躬非社稷重臣，猶尚如此； 以今況古，陛下自不督必行之罰以絕阿黨之原耳。 出入之制，與惡吏守門，非治世之具也。 使臣之言少蒙察納，何患於奸不削滅，而養若廉昭等乎！ 夫糾擿奸宄，忠事也； 然而世憎小人行之者，以其不顧道理而苟求容進也。 若陛下不復考其終始，必以違眾迕世為奉公，密行白人為盡節，焉有通人大才而更不能為此邪？ 誠顧道理而弗為耳。 使天下皆背道而趨利，則人主之所最病者也，陛下將何樂焉！」 恕，畿之子也。
Masters of Writing Attendant Lian Zhao of Le'an had won favor through ability. Zhao liked to ferret out petty faults among the ministers to ingratiate himself with the throne. Yellow Gate Attendant Du Shu submitted a memorial, saying, "I have observed that Lian Zhao impeached Left Assistant Director Cao Fan because punishment at the barrier gate was not carried out according to the edict, and he sits in judgment over the matter. He also wrote, 'All who merit punishment are to be reported separately.' Director Chen Qiao submitted on his own account that he dared not refuse punishment, yet dared not plead his case—his intent earnest and sincere. I cannot help grieving for the court over this! The reason emperors and kings of old could sustain the age and nurture the people was that none failed to win the people's hearts from afar and to draw fully on their ministers' intelligence close at hand. Today Your Majesty labors over ten thousand matters of state, sometimes even tending the lamps yourself, yet public affairs are not well ordered and law and discipline grow slack by the day. The root cause lies not only in ministers failing to give their full loyalty, but also in the ruler's inability to make use of them. Baili Xi seemed dull in Yu yet proved wise in Qin; Yu Rang bore humiliation under Zhonghang yet showed his integrity toward Zhi Bo—the ancients left clear proof of this. If Your Majesty believes that our age has no true talent and the court lacks worthy helpers, can you really look back to the distant footsteps of Hou Ji and Qi, and sit idle waiting for heroes of some future generation! Those now called worthy all hold high rank and draw heavy salaries—yet the discipline of serving the throne is not established, and hearts are not single-mindedly turned toward the public good, because delegated responsibility is not exclusive and because custom is thick with taboos. I believe loyal ministers need not be favorites, and favorite ministers need not be loyal. Today, when a memorial writer denounces someone, Your Majesty suspects private vengeance against an enemy; when one praises someone, Your Majesty suspects private favor toward a friend. Attendants at your side may then use this to feed talk of hatred and affection, until critics and praisers alike fall silent—and even the benefit or harm of policy comes under suspicion. Your Majesty should consider how to open the hearts of the court and earnestly foster the integrity of those who follow the Way, so that they may match the ancients of their own accord and leave their names in the histories—yet instead you allow men like Lian Zhao to sow disorder among them. I fear that senior ministers will then merely secure their persons and their posts, sitting by to watch what succeeds and what fails, and that this will stand as a warning to ages yet to come. Long ago the Duke of Zhou warned the Lord of Lu, saying, "Do not let great ministers resent that they are not put to use." The point is this: if a man is unworthy he should not be made a great minister; if he is made a great minister he must not be left unused. The Documents recount Shun's achievements and praise the banishment of the Four Evils—it does not say that whenever there is guilt, great or small alike, the guilty are removed. Today the court ministers do not think themselves incapable—they think Your Majesty will not employ them; they do not think themselves ignorant—they think Your Majesty does not ask. Why does Your Majesty not follow how the Duke of Zhou employed men and how great Shun removed the unfit—so that Palace Attendants and Directors of the Masters of Writing, when seated, attend within the curtains, and when you travel, follow the imperial carriage; face your questions in person, each stating what he knows—then the conduct of every minister can be known, the able advanced and the incompetent dismissed, and who would dare hang back and not give his utmost? With Your Majesty's sagely brilliance, debating policy with the ministers in person and letting each give his utmost—whether a man is worthy or foolish, able or not, all depends on whom Your Majesty puts to use. Governing in this way, what affair would not be settled; achieving merit in this way, what achievement would not be won! Whenever there is military business, edicts often say, "Who should worry over this?" I myself shall worry over it." A recent edict also said, "Those who forget self for the sake of the public surely do not exist; only put the public first and the private after, and you will manage it yourself." Reading these enlightened edicts with reverence, I know Your Majesty's mind reaches down to the feelings of those below—yet I also wonder that Your Majesty does not treat the root of the matter but troubles over the branches. Whether men are capable truly lies in their nature; even I think the court ministers do not all fill their posts. When an enlightened ruler employs men, he makes the able unable to withhold their strength, and the incapable men from holding posts beyond their capacity. To recommend someone unfit is not necessarily a crime; for the whole court together to tolerate someone unfit—that is what is truly strange. Your Majesty knows they do not exert themselves yet worries over their duties in their stead; knows they are incapable yet instructs them in how to govern their affairs—is this merely the ruler laboring while ministers take their ease? Even if sage and worthy lived in the same age, in the end the realm could not be governed this way! Your Majesty also worries that the terrace offices' prohibitions are not strict, that requests and patronage in appointments never cease, and has instituted rules for guests entering and leaving, with corrupt clerks guarding the gates—this truly has not yet struck at the root of the problem. In the reign of Emperor An of Han, Junior Steward Dou Jia recruited the nephew of Commandant of Justice Guo Gong, though he was guiltless, yet still was impeached, memorials of accusation flying thick; recently Director of Retainers Kong Xian recruited the younger brother of the Grand General, who was violent and rebellious, yet the responsible officials were silent, watching the wind and hoping to hit the mark—worse than taking patronage outright. This is recommendation not grounded in fact. Jia had the favor of kinship; Gong was not a pillar minister of state—and still it was so; judging the present by antiquity, Your Majesty yourself has not enforced punishments that must be carried out, to cut off the source of cliques. Rules for comings and goings, and corrupt clerks at the gates, are not the instruments of a well-governed age. If my words receive even a little of Your Majesty's scrutiny and acceptance, what worry is there that treachery will not be cut down—or that you would continue to nurture men like Lian Zhao! To expose and impeach treachery and villainy is a loyal act; yet the age hates petty men who do it, because they disregard principle and recklessly seek favor and advancement. If Your Majesty no longer examines how such conduct begins and ends, and must take opposing the multitude and going against the world as serving the public, and secret denunciation as exhausting loyalty—are there men of broad talent and great ability who could not do this? They simply heed principle—and refuse. To make all under Heaven turn their backs on the Way and rush toward profit is what a ruler dreads most—what pleasure can Your Majesty take in that!" Du Shu was the son of Du Ji.
41
帝嘗卒至尚書門，陳矯跪問帝曰：「陛下欲何之？」 帝曰：「欲案行文書耳。」 矯曰：「此自臣職分，非陛下所宜臨也。 若臣不稱其職，則請就黜退，陛下宜還。」 帝慚，回車而反。 帝嘗問矯：「司馬公忠貞，可謂社稷之臣乎？」 矯曰：「朝廷之望也，社稷則未知也。」
The emperor once arrived unannounced at the gate of the Masters of Writing. Chen Qiao knelt and asked, "Your Majesty, where are you going?" The emperor said, "I only wish to look over the documents in transit." Qiao said, "That is my duty as a minister—not something Your Majesty should attend to in person. If I am not equal to my post, then dismiss me—but Your Majesty should go back." The emperor was ashamed, turned his carriage, and withdrew. The emperor once asked Qiao, "The Lord Marshal is loyal and steadfast—can he be called a pillar of state?" Qiao said, "He is the court's hope; whether he is a pillar of state remains to be seen."
42
14吳陸遜引兵向廬江，論者以為宜速救之。 滿寵曰：「廬江雖小，將勁兵精，守則經過。 又，賊捨船二百里來，後尾空絕，不來尚欲誘致，今宜聽其遂進。 但恐走不可及耳。」 乃整軍趨楊宜口，吳人聞之，夜遁。
14. In Wu, Lu Xun led troops toward Lujiang; opinion held that relief should be sent swiftly. Man Chong said, "Lujiang is small, but its commanders are strong and its troops elite. If it is held, the enemy will pass by. Moreover, the enemy abandoned their boats two hundred li away; their rear is empty and cut off. Even if they did not come, we would still wish to lure them in. Now we should let them advance as they will. I only fear they may flee before we can catch them." He thereupon arrayed his army and hastened to Yangyikou. When the Wu forces heard of it, they fled by night.
43
是時，吳人歲有來計。 滿寵上疏曰：「合肥城南臨江湖，北遠壽春，賊攻圍之，得據水為勢； 官兵救之，當先破賊大輩，然後圍乃得解。 賊往甚易，而兵往救之甚難，宜移城內之兵，其西三十里，有奇險可依，更立城以固守，此為引賊平地而掎其歸路，於計為便。」 護軍將軍蔣濟議以為：「既示天下以弱，且望賊煙火而壞城，此為未攻而自拔； 一至於此，劫略無限，必淮北為守。」 帝未許。 寵重表曰：「孫子言：『兵者，詭道也，故能而示之不能，驕之以利，示之以懾，』此為形實不必相應也。 又曰：『善動敵者形之。』 今賊未至而移城卻內，所謂形而誘之也。 引賊遠水，擇利而動，舉得於外，而福生於內矣！」 尚書趙咨以寵策為長，詔遂報聽。
At this time the Wu forces every year planned raids. Man Chong submitted a memorial, saying, "Hefei lies south against rivers and lakes, and north is far from Shouchun. When rebels attack and besiege it, they can use the water to their advantage; when government troops go to relieve it, they must first break the enemy's main force before the siege can be lifted. The enemy can advance easily, yet relief troops advance with great difficulty. The troops within the city should be moved thirty li west, where there is excellent terrain to rely on, and a new city built to hold fast—this lures the enemy onto level ground and cuts their line of retreat. For strategy it is the better course." Protector-General Jiang Ji argued that "this would already show weakness to all under Heaven, and we would be watching the enemy's signal fires while tearing down our own walls—this is abandoning a city before it is even attacked; once matters reach that point, plunder will know no limit, and we will surely be reduced to defending only north of the Huai." The emperor did not approve. Chong submitted another memorial, saying, "Master Sun said, 'Warfare is the way of deception; therefore be able yet show unable; entice with profit, display with awe'—meaning appearance and reality need not match. He also said, 'One who skillfully moves the enemy gives him form.' Now the enemy has not arrived, yet we move the city and withdraw inward—this is precisely what is called giving form to lure them. Draw the enemy away from the water, choose the moment of advantage and strike, win everything abroad, and blessing will arise at home!" Director of the Masters of Writing Zhao Zi judged Chong's plan superior, and an edict approved it.
44
1春，正月，甲申，青龍見摩陂井中，二月，〔丁酉〕，帝如摩陂觀龍，改元。
[End editorial note.] The emperor went to Mobei to see the dragon and changed the era name.4
45
2公孫淵遣校尉宿舒、郎中令孫綜奉表稱臣於吳； 吳主大悅，為之大赦。 三月，吳主遣太常張彌、執金吾許晏、將軍賀達將兵萬人，金寶珍貨，九錫備物，乘海授淵，封淵為燕王。 舉朝大臣自顧雍以下皆諫，以為：「淵未可信而寵待太厚，但可遣吏兵護送舒、綜而已。」 吳主不聽。 張昭曰：「淵背魏懼討，遠來求援，非本志也。 若淵改圖，欲自明於魏，兩使不反，不亦取笑於天下乎！」 吳主反覆難昭，昭意彌切。 吳主不能堪，案刀而怒曰：「吳國士人入宮則拜孤，出宮則拜君，孤之敬君亦為至矣，而數於眾中折孤，孤常恐失計！」 昭熟視吳主曰：「臣雖知言不用，每竭愚忠者，誠以太后臨崩，呼老臣於床下，遺詔顧命之言故在耳。」 因涕泣橫流。 吳主擲刀於地，與之對泣。 然卒遣彌、晏往。 昭忿言之不用，稱疾不朝。 吳主恨之，土塞其門，昭又於內以土封之。
2. Gongsun Yuan sent Commandant Su Shu and Master of Ceremonies Sun Zong to submit a memorial declaring himself a subject of Wu; the King of Wu was greatly pleased and proclaimed a general amnesty. In the third month, the King of Wu sent Grand Master of Ceremonies Zhang Mi, Bearer of the Mace Xu Yan, and General He Da to lead ten thousand men with gold, treasures, precious goods, and the full regalia of the Nine Bestowals across the sea to invest Yuan as King of Yan. The court ministers from Gu Yong down all remonstrated, saying, "Yuan cannot yet be trusted, and the favor shown him is too great. It is enough to send officials and troops to escort Shu and Zong home." The King of Wu would not listen. Zhang Zhao said, "Yuan turned against Wei in fear of punishment and came from afar seeking aid—this was not his original intent. If Yuan changes his plan and wishes to show his loyalty to Wei, and both envoys fail to return, will we not become a laughingstock to all under Heaven!" The King of Wu argued back and forth with Zhao; Zhao's remonstrance grew all the more urgent. The King of Wu could not endure it. He seized his knife and said angrily, "Wu gentlemen enter the palace and bow to me, leave the palace and bow to you—my respect for you has reached the utmost, yet you repeatedly shame me before the multitude. I constantly fear I may lose my temper!" Zhang Zhao fixed his gaze on the King of Wu and said, "Though I know my words go unheeded, each time I exhaust my foolish loyalty—it is because when the empress dowager lay dying she called this old minister to her bedside, and her testamentary charge still rings in my ears." Tears then streamed down his face. The King of Wu cast his knife aside and wept with him face to face. Yet in the end he still sent Zhang Mi and Xu Yan on their mission. Zhang Zhao, furious that his advice went unheeded, claimed illness and stopped attending court. The King of Wu, in resentment, had earth piled against his gate; Zhang Zhao in turn walled himself in with earth from inside.
46
3夏，五月，戊寅，北海王蕤卒。
3. In summer, the fifth month, on day Wuyin, Prince Rui of Beihai died.
47
4閏月，庚寅朔，日有食之。
4. In the intercalary month, on the first day Gengyin of the cycle, a solar eclipse occurred.
48
5六月，洛陽宮鞠室災。
5. In the sixth month, the ball-court chamber in the Luoyang palace burned.
49
6鮮卑軻比能誘保塞鮮卑步度根與深結和親，自勒萬騎迎其累重於陘北。 〔并〕( 荊) 州刺史畢軌表輒出軍荊) 州刺史畢軌表輒出軍據章注及《魏志．明帝紀》改。，以外威比能，內鎮步度根。 帝省表曰：「步度根已為比能所誘，有自疑心。 今軌出軍，慎勿越塞過句注也。」 比詔書到，軌已進軍屯陰館，遣將軍蘇尚、董弼追鮮卑。 軻比能遣子將千餘騎迎步度根部落，與尚、弼相遇，戰於樓煩，二將沒，步度根與洩歸泥部落皆叛出塞，與軻比能合寇邊。 帝遣驍騎將軍秦朗將中軍討之，軻比能乃走幕北，洩歸泥將其部眾來降。 步度根尋為軻比能所殺。
6. The Xianbei chieftain Kebineng drew the frontier-guarding Xianbei Budugen into a close marriage alliance and personally led ten thousand horsemen north of the Xing Pass to receive Budugen's kin and baggage train. Bing ( Jing) Jing)5 Editorial note: In the phrase "the inspector memorialized to march out at once," Sima Guang's text used one province name; this is emended according to Zhang's commentary and the Annals of Emperor Ming in the History of Wei. [End editorial note.] He would threaten Kebineng from without and keep Budugen in check within. The Emperor reviewed the memorial and said, "Budugen has already been won over by Kebineng and is liable to turn suspicious on his own. Now that Bi Gui takes the field, take care not to cross the frontier passes beyond Juzhu." By the time the edict arrived, Bi Gui had already advanced and encamped at Yinguan, dispatching Generals Su Shang and Dong Bi to pursue the Xianbei. Kebineng sent his son with over a thousand riders to welcome Budugen's people; they met Shang and Bi at Loufan and both Wei generals were killed; Budugen and Xiégūní's tribes fled beyond the passes and joined Kebineng in border raids. The Emperor sent Valiant Cavalry General Qin Lang at the head of the central army to suppress them; Kebineng fled north beyond the tents, and Xiégūní brought his people in to surrender. Before long Budugen was killed by Kebineng.
50
7公孫淵知吳遠難恃，乃斬張彌、許晏等首，傳送京師，悉沒其兵資珍寶。 冬，十二月，詔拜淵大司馬，封樂浪公。
7. Gongsun Yuan, seeing that Wu was far away and unreliable, beheaded Zhang Mi, Xu Yan, and their party, sent the heads to the Wei capital, and seized all their troops, supplies, and treasure. In winter, the twelfth month, an edict made Yuan Grand Marshal and enfeoffed him Duke of Lelang.
51
吳主聞之，大怒曰：「朕年六十，世事難易，靡所不嘗。 近為鼠子所前卻，令人氣踴如山。 不自截鼠子頭以擲於海，無顏復臨萬國。 就令顛沛，不以為恨！」
When the King of Wu heard this he flew into a rage and said, "I am sixty years old; of hardship and ease in this world there is nothing I have not known. To be turned back lately by a wretched mouse of a foe makes my fury surge like a mountain. If I do not cut off that rat's head myself and cast it into the sea, I have no face to rule the realm again. Even if I am ruined, I will not regret it!"
52
陸遜上疏曰：「陛下以神武之姿，誕膺期運，破操烏林，敗備西陵，禽羽荊州。 斯三虜者，當世雄傑，皆摧其鋒。 聖化所綏，萬里草偃，方蕩平華夏，總一大猷。 今不忍小忿而發雷霆之怒，違垂堂之戒，輕萬乘之重，此臣之所惑也。 臣聞之，行萬里者不中道而輟足，圖四海者不懷細以害大。 強寇在境，荒服未庭，陛下乘桴遠征，必致闚𨵦，戚至而憂，悔之無及。 若使大事時捷，則淵不討自服。 今乃遠惜遼東眾之與馬，奈何獨欲捐江東萬安之本業而不惜乎！」
Lu Xun submitted a memorial saying, "Your Majesty, with divine martial prowess, received Heaven's mandate, broke Cao Cao at Wulin, defeated Liu Bei at Xiling, and captured Guan Yu in Jingzhou. These three foes were the greatest men of the age, yet Your Majesty broke every one of them. Where your sacred rule reaches, the land bows for ten thousand li; you are on the verge of pacifying the Central Plains and uniting the realm under one design. Now, unwilling to endure a slight affront, you unleash thunderous wrath, ignore the admonition not to stand where a beam might fall, and lightly risk the weight of the imperial chariot—this is what perplexes your servant. I have heard that one who travels ten thousand li does not stop halfway, and one who plots to master the four seas does not let small grievances spoil the great design. With powerful enemies on the frontier and distant lands not yet paying court, if Your Majesty sails on a distant campaign you will invite opportunists; when calamity strikes you will grieve—and regret will come too late. If the great enterprise advances in its season, Yuan will submit without your needing to punish him. Now you begrudge Liaodong's distant men and horses—how can you be willing to throw away Jiangdong's foundation of lasting peace and feel no regret!"
53
尚書僕射薛綜上疏曰：「昔漢元帝欲御樓船，薛廣德請刎頸以血染車。 何則？ 水火之險至危，非帝王所宜涉也。 今遼東戎貊小國，無城隍之固，備御之術，器械銖鈍，犬羊無政，往必禽克，誠如明詔。 然其方土寒埆，穀稼不殖，民習鞍馬，轉徙無常，卒聞大軍之至，自度不敵，鳥驚獸駭，長驅奔竄，一人匹馬，不可得見，雖獲空地，守之無益，此不可一也。 加又洪流滉漾，有成山之難，海行無常，風波難免，倏忽之間，人船異勢，雖有堯、舜之德，智無所施，賁、育之勇，力不得設，此不可二也。 加以郁霧冥其上，鹼水蒸其下，善生流腫，轉相洿染，凡行海者，稀無斯患，此不可三也。 天生神聖，當乘時平亂，康此民物。 今逆虜將滅，海內垂定，乃違必然之圖，尋至危之阻，忽九州之固，肆一朝之忿，既非社稷之重計，又開闢以來所未嘗有，斯誠群僚所以傾身側息，食不甘味，寢不安席者也。」
Vice Director of the Masters of Writing Xue Zong submitted a memorial saying, "Formerly Emperor Yuan of Han wished to board a tower ship; Xue Guangde offered to cut his throat and dye the carriage with his blood. Why? Water and fire are utmost peril—not what an emperor should brave. Liaodong is a petty barbarian state without stout walls or proper defenses; its arms are crude, its people unruly sheep and dogs—as Your Majesty's edict says, conquest would be easy. Yet the land is cold and barren, grain will not grow, and the people live on horseback, wandering without fixed abode; at news of a great army they will scatter like startled beasts—no man or horse to be found; though you seize empty territory, holding it profits nothing—first, the campaign cannot succeed. Moreover the seas run vast and treacherous, with dangers like Chengsheng Mountain; voyages have no fixed course and storms are unavoidable—in an instant ship and crew may part fates; even Yao and Shun's virtue could not avail, even Ben and Yu's courage could not be used—second, the campaign cannot succeed. Add dense fog overhead and brackish vapors below, breeding sores that spread from man to man—few who sail the sea escape such sickness—third, the campaign cannot succeed. Heaven born the sacred ruler—he should seize the hour to pacify disorder and comfort the people. Now the rebel is nearly destroyed and the realm almost settled—yet you abandon the sure design for utmost peril, neglect the security of the nine provinces, and indulge a morning's wrath; this is no plan for the altars of state, nor anything tried since the realm was founded—no wonder your ministers hold their breath, eat without savor, and sleep without rest."
54
選曹尚書陸瑁上疏曰：「北寇與國，壤地連接，苟有間隙，應機而至。 夫所以為越海求馬，曲意於淵者，為赴目前之急，除腹心之疾也。 而更棄本追末，捐近治遠，忿以改規，激以動眾，斯乃猾虜所願聞，非大吳之至計也。 又兵家之術，以功役相疲，勞逸相待，得失之間，所覺輒多。 且沓渚去淵，道裡尚遠，今到其岸，兵勢三分，使強者進取，次當守船，又次運糧，行人雖多，難得悉用。 加以單步負糧，經遠深入，賊地多馬，邀截無常。 若淵狙詐，與北未絕，動眾之日，脣齒相濟； 若實孑然無所憑賴，其畏怖遠迸，或難卒滅使天誅稽於朔野，山虜承間而起，恐非萬安之長慮也！」 吳主未許。
Director of Selection Lu Kai submitted a memorial saying, "The northern enemy borders our land; if a gap opens they will strike at the first chance. We cross the sea and court Yuan only to meet today's urgent need and remove the disease at our heart. Yet now you abandon the root for the branch, neglect what is near to govern what is far, change course in anger and rouse the host—this is what cunning foes hope to hear, not Great Wu's supreme strategy. Moreover war wears foes down through toil while matching fatigue against ease; in the balance of gain and loss much becomes clear. Tazhu is still far from Yuan; once ashore the army must split three ways—strongest to attack, next to guard the ships, last to haul grain; though many march, few can be fully employed. Men must carry grain on foot deep into enemy country where horses abound and ambushes strike without warning. If Yuan is cunning and still tied to the north, the day you mobilize they will aid each other like lip and teeth; if he stands utterly alone he may flee in terror and prove hard to destroy at once—Heaven's punishment lingering on the northern wastes while mountain tribes rise in the breach—I fear that is no plan for lasting peace!" The King of Wu would not agree.
55
瑁重上疏曰：「夫兵革者，固前代所以誅暴亂、威四夷也。 然其役皆在奸雄已除，天下無事，從容廟堂之上，以餘議議之耳。 至於中夏鼎沸，九域盤互之時，率須深根固本，愛力惜費，未有正於此時捨近治遠，以疲軍旅者也。 昔尉佗叛逆，僭號稱帝，於時天下乂安，百姓康阜，然漢文猶以遠征不易，告喻而已。 今凶桀未殄，疆場猶警，未宜以淵為先。 願陛下抑威任計，暫寧六師，潛神嘿規，以為後圖，天下幸甚！」 吳主乃止。
Lu Kai submitted again, saying, "Arms and armor are what former ages used to punish violence and awe the four barbarians. But they are deployed only after traitors are gone and the realm is at peace—when one deliberates at leisure in the ancestral hall. When the heartland boils and the nine domains clash, one must deepen roots and spare strength—never in such a time has a ruler cast off the near to govern the far and exhaust his armies. When Zhao Tuo rebelled and styled himself emperor, the realm was at peace and the people prosperous—yet Emperor Wen still deemed distant campaigns arduous and contented himself with admonition. Fierce foes are not yet destroyed and the borders still alarmed—Yuan should not come first. I beg Your Majesty to curb your wrath and trust to strategy, for a time rest the six armies, lay plans in silence, and look to what follows—the realm would be greatly fortunate!" The King of Wu then desisted.
56
吳主數遣人慰謝張昭，昭因不起。 吳主因出，過其門呼昭，昭辭疾篤。 吳主燒其門，欲以恐之，昭亦不出。 吳主使人滅火，住門良久。 昭諸子共扶昭起，吳主載以還宮，深自克責。 昭不得已，然後朝會。
The King of Wu repeatedly sent envoys to comfort and apologize to Zhang Zhao; Zhao still would not attend court. The King of Wu went out himself, passed Zhao's gate, and called to him; Zhao pleaded grave illness. The King of Wu set fire to his gate to frighten him; Zhao still would not emerge. The King of Wu had the fire put out and waited at the gate a long while. Zhao's sons helped him up together; the King of Wu carried him back to the palace and reproached himself deeply. Zhao could not refuse, and thereafter returned to court.
57
初，張彌、許晏等至襄平，公孫淵欲圖之，乃先分散其吏兵，中使秦旦、張群、杜德、黃強等及吏兵六十人置玄菟。 玄菟在遼東北二百里，太守王贊，領戶二百，旦等皆捨於民家，仰其飲食，積四十許日。 旦與群等議曰：「吾人遠辱國命，自棄於此，與死無異。 今觀此郡，形勢甚弱，若一旦同心，焚燒城郭，殺其長吏，為國報恥，然後伏死，足以無恨。 孰與偷生苟活，長為囚虜乎！」 群等然之。 於是陰相結約，當用八月十九日夜發。 其日中時，為郡中張松所告，贊便會士眾，閉城門，旦、群、德、強皆逾城得走。 時群病疽創著膝，不及輩旅，德常扶接與俱，崎嶇山谷，行六七百里，創益困，不復能前，臥草中，相守悲泣。 群曰：「吾不幸創甚，死亡無日，卿諸人宜速進道，冀有所達，空相守俱死於窮谷之中，何益也！」 德曰：「萬里流離，死生共之，不忍相委。」 於是推旦、強使前，德獨留守群，采菜果食之。 旦、強別數日，得達句麗，因宣吳主詔於句麗王位宮及其主簿，紿言有賜，為遼東所劫奪。 位宮等大喜，即受詔，命使人隨旦還迎群、〔德〕，遣皁衣二十五人，送旦等還吳，奉表稱臣，貢貂皮千枚，鶡雞皮十具。 旦等見吳主，悲喜不能自勝。 吳主壯之，皆拜校尉。
Earlier, when Zhang Mi, Xu Yan, and their party reached Xiangping, Gongsun Yuan planned against them and first dispersed their officials and troops, placing palace agents Qin Dan, Zhang Qun, Du De, Huang Qiang, and sixty officials and soldiers in Xuantu. Xuantu lay two hundred li northeast of Liaodong; Prefect Wang Zan governed two hundred households; Dan and the others were lodged with common families and lived on their charity for some forty days. Dan and Qun and the others discussed among themselves, saying, "We have come far and disgraced our state's command, abandoned in this place—we are as good as dead. This commandery is very weak; if we unite at once, burn its towns, kill its officials to avenge our state, and then accept death, we shall have no regret. How is that worse than clinging to life and remaining captives forever!" Qun and the others agreed. They secretly agreed to rise on the night of the nineteenth of the eighth month. At noon that day Zhang Song of the commandery reported them; Zan gathered his men and shut the gates; Dan, Qun, De, and Qiang climbed the walls and fled. Qun was ill with a carbuncle on his knee and could not keep up; De often supported him through rugged hills for six or seven hundred li until the wound worsened and he could go no farther; they lay in the grass, guarding each other and weeping. Qun said, "My wound is grave and death near; you should hurry on and hope to get through; to stay and die together in this ravine—what good is that!" De said, "We have wandered ten thousand li from home and share life and death—we cannot abandon you." They pushed Dan and Qiang onward; De alone stayed with Qun, gathering wild plants to eat. After several days Dan and Qiang reached Goguryeo and proclaimed the King of Wu's edict to King Weigong and his registrar, falsely claiming that gifts had been seized by Liaodong. [End editorial note.] They sent twenty-five men in black robes to escort Dan and the others back to Wu, with a memorial declaring subjection and tribute of a thousand sable pelts and ten suits of hawk-skin.6 When Dan and the others saw the King of Wu, joy and grief overwhelmed them beyond bearing. The King of Wu praised their courage and appointed them all Commandants.
58
8是歲，吳主出兵欲圍新城，以其遠水，積二十餘日，不敢下船。 滿寵謂諸將曰：「孫權得吾移城，必於其眾中有自大之言。 今大舉來，欲要一切之功，雖不敢至，必當上岸耀兵以示有餘。」 乃潛遣步騎六千，伏肥水隱處以待之。 吳主果上岸耀兵，寵伏軍卒起擊之，斬首數百，或有赴水死者。 吳主又使全綜攻六安，亦不克。
8. That year the King of Wu marched out intending to besiege Xincheng; the crossing was long and for more than twenty days he dared not land. Man Chong told his generals, "Sun Quan, learning that we shifted the city, will surely boast to his troops. He comes in force seeking a single decisive stroke; though he may not dare come all the way, he will surely land and parade his troops to show he has strength to spare." He secretly posted six thousand infantry and cavalry in ambush along the Fei River to await them. The King of Wu did land and parade his troops; Chong's ambush rose and struck, beheading several hundred, some drowning as they fled into the water. The King of Wu also sent Quan Zong to attack Liu'an, but he too failed.
59
9〔漢〕( 蜀) 庲降都督張翼蜀) 庲降都督張翼此處司馬光未改「蜀」為「漢」，逕改。，用法嚴峻，南夷豪帥劉冑叛。 丞相亮以參軍巴西馬忠代翼，召翼令還。 其人謂翼宜速歸即罪。 翼曰：「不然，吾以蠻夷蠢動，不稱職，故還耳。 然代人未至，吾方臨戰場，當運糧積穀，為滅賊之資，豈可以黜退之故而廢公家之務乎！」 於是統攝不懈，代到乃發。 馬忠因其成基，破冑，斬之。
9. Han ( Shu) Shu)7 Editorial note: In the title Director of Laijiang Zhang Yi, Sima Guang had not changed "Shu" to "Han" but emended the text directly. [End editorial note.] He enforced the law harshly, and the southern Yi chieftain Liu Zhou rebelled. Chancellor Zhuge Liang appointed Staff Officer Ma Zhong of Baxi to replace Yi and summoned Yi back. People told Yi he should hurry back and accept punishment. Yi said, "Not so—I return because the barbarians stirred in folly and I was not equal to my post. But my replacement has not yet arrived. I am still at the front and ought to move grain and build up stores for destroying the enemy. How could I abandon the state's business just because I have been dismissed and recalled!" He pressed on without slackening his command; only when his replacement arrived did he set out. Ma Zhong built on the groundwork Zhang Yi had laid, defeated Liu Gou, and beheaded him.
60
10諸葛亮勸農講武，作木牛、流馬，運米集斜谷口，治斜谷邸閣； 息民休士，三年而後用之。
Zhuge Liang encouraged agriculture and military training, devised the wooden ox and the flowing horse, hauled grain to stock the mouth of the Xie Valley, and built granaries there; he let the people and the troops recover, and only after three years put them to use.
61
1春，二月，亮悉大眾十萬由斜谷入寇，遣使約吳同時大舉。
In spring, the second month, Zhuge Liang led his entire army of one hundred thousand through the Xie Valley to invade and sent envoys to coordinate a major simultaneous strike with Wu.
62
3三月，庚寅，山陽公卒，帝素服發喪。
In the third month, on the day Gengyin, the Duke of Shanyang died; the emperor went into mourning dress and proclaimed the funeral rites.
63
4己酉，大赦。
On the day Jiyou, a general amnesty was declared.
64
4夏，四月，大疫。
In summer, the fourth month, a great epidemic broke out.
65
5崇華殿災。
Chonghua Hall burned.
66
6諸葛亮至郿，軍於渭水之南。 司馬懿引軍渡渭，背水為壘拒之，謂諸將曰：「亮若出武功，依山而東，誠為可憂； 若西上五丈原，諸將無事矣。」 亮果屯五丈原。
Zhuge Liang reached Mei and encamped south of the Wei River. Sima Yi led his army across the Wei, built fortifications with the river at his back to hold them off, and told his generals, "If Liang comes out through Wugong and marches east along the mountains, that would be genuinely alarming; if he climbs west to Wuzhang Plains, you generals will have nothing to fear;" Liang did indeed encamp at Wuzhang Plains.
67
雍州刺史郭淮言於懿曰：「亮必爭北原，宜先據之。」 議者多謂不然，淮曰：「若亮跨渭登原，連兵北山，隔絕隴道，搖蕩民夷，此非國之利也。」 懿乃使淮屯北原。 塹壘未成，漢兵大至，淮逆擊卻之。
Guo Huai, Inspector of Yong Province, said to Sima Yi, "Liang is certain to fight for the northern plain—we should seize it first." Most in council disagreed. Guo Huai said, "If Liang crosses the Wei and takes the plain, links with Beishan, severs the Long route, and stirs both Chinese settlers and tribal peoples, that will not serve the state." Sima Yi then sent Guo Huai to hold the northern plain. Before the trenches and ramparts were finished, Han forces arrived in strength; Guo Huai counterattacked and drove them back.
68
亮以前者數出，皆以運糧不繼，使己志不伸，乃分兵屯田為久駐之基，耕者雜於渭濱居民之間，而百姓安堵，軍無私焉。
Because his earlier campaigns had all stalled for lack of grain and his plans had never come to fruition, Liang now divided troops to farm garrison fields as a foundation for a long stay. The soldiers farming mingled among the people along the Wei, yet the locals lived in peace and the army took nothing for private gain.
69
7五月，吳主入居巢湖口，向合肥新城，眾號十萬； 又遣陸遜、諸葛瑾將萬餘人入江夏、沔口，向襄陽； 將軍孫韶、張承入淮，向廣陵、淮陰。 六月，滿寵欲率諸軍救新城，殄夷將軍田豫曰：「賊悉眾大舉，非圖小利，欲質新城以致大軍耳。 宜聽使攻城，挫其銳氣，不當與爭鋒也。 城不可拔，眾必罷怠； 罷怠然後擊之，可大克也。 若賊見計，必不攻城，勢將自走。 若便進兵，適入其計矣。」
In the fifth month, Sun Quan moved into Chaohu mouth and advanced on Hefei New City at the head of forces said to number one hundred thousand; he also sent Lu Xun and Zhuge Jin with more than ten thousand men into Jiangxia and Hankou toward Xiangyang; and Generals Sun Shao and Zhang Cheng pushed into the Huai toward Guangling and Huaiyin. In the sixth month, Man Chong wanted to lead the armies to relieve New City. General Who Exterminates Barbarians Tian Yu said, "The enemy have committed their full strength—not for petty gain but to hold New City hostage and lure our main army. We should let them besiege the city and blunt their fighting spirit—not meet them head-on. If they cannot take the city, their troops are sure to grow weary and slack; and once they are weary and slack, we can strike and win a great victory. If the enemy see through the plan, they will surely not besiege the city and will withdraw on their own. If we advance at once, we walk straight into their trap."
70
時東方吏士皆分休，寵表請召中軍兵，並召所休將士，須集擊之。 散騎常侍廣平劉邵議以為：「賊眾新至，心專氣銳，寵以少人自戰其地，若便進擊，必不能制。 寵請待兵，未有所失也，以為可先遣步兵五千，精騎三千，先軍前發，揚聲進道，震曜形勢。 騎到合肥，疏其行隊，多其旌鼓，曜兵城下，引出賊後，擬其歸路，要其糧道。 賊聞大軍來，騎斷其後，必震怖遁走，不戰自破矣。」 帝從之。
At that time the officials and soldiers of the east were all on leave. Man Chong memorialized asking that the central army be called up and all men on leave recalled to muster for an attack. Regular Attendant Liu Shao of Guangping argued, "The enemy have just arrived, focused and sharp. Man Chong, with few men fighting on their own ground—if he attacks at once, he surely cannot control them. Man Chong's request to wait for reinforcements has cost nothing. He proposes sending five thousand infantry and three thousand picked cavalry ahead of the main army, raising the cry of advance to overawe the enemy. When the cavalry reach Hefei, they should spread the column thin, multiply banners and drums, display troops below the walls, draw the enemy out behind them, threaten their line of retreat, and cut their grain route. When the enemy hear the great army is coming and cavalry cut their rear, they are sure to be shaken and flee in terror, defeating themselves without a fight." The emperor accepted this plan.
71
寵欲拔新城守，致賊壽春，帝不聽，曰：「昔漢光武遣兵據略陽，終以破隗囂，先帝東置合肥，南守襄陽，西固祁山，賊來輒破於三城之下者，地有所必爭也。 縱權攻新城，必不能拔。 敕諸將堅守，吾將自往征之，比至，恐權走也。」 乃使征蜀護軍秦朗督步騎二萬助司馬懿御諸葛亮，敕懿：「但堅壁拒守以挫其鋒，彼進不得志，退無與戰，久停則糧盡，虜略無所獲，則必走； 走而追之，全勝之道也。」 秋，七月，〔壬寅〕，帝御龍舟東征。 滿寵募壯士焚吳攻具，射殺吳主之弟子泰； 又吳吏士多疾病。 帝未至數百里，疑兵先至。 吳主始謂帝不能出，聞大軍至，遂遁，孫韶亦退。
Man Chong wanted to abandon New City and lure the enemy toward Shouchun. The emperor refused and said, "Long ago Emperor Guangwu of Han sent troops to hold Lueyang and in the end destroyed Wei Xiao; the Former Emperor placed Hefei in the east, guarded Xiangyang in the south, and secured Qishan in the west. Whenever bandits came they were broken below these three cities because the ground was ground they had to contest. Even if Sun Quan attacks New City, he surely cannot take it. Order the generals to hold firm. I shall campaign in person—by the time I arrive, I fear Sun Quan will already have fled." He then sent Protector of the Army for the Shu Campaign Qin Lang to command twenty thousand foot and horse to aid Sima Yi against Zhuge Liang, instructing Yi, "Only fortify and hold to blunt their edge. If they cannot advance to their wish and retreat with no one to fight, a long halt will exhaust their grain; they will plunder nothing and must flee; flee—and then pursue. That is the way to complete victory." The emperor sailed east on a dragon boat to campaign.8 Man Chong recruited stalwarts to burn Wu siege engines and shot dead Sun Quan's younger clansman Sun Tai; and many Wu officers and soldiers fell ill. Before the emperor had come within several hundred li, decoy troops arrived first. Sun Quan had first believed the emperor could not come out; when he heard the great army had arrived, he fled at once, and Sun Shao withdrew as well.
72
陸遜遣親人韓扁奉表詣吳主，邏者得之。 諸葛瑾聞之甚懼，書與遜云：「大駕已還，賊得韓扁，具知吾闊狹，且水干，宜當急去。」 遜未答，方催人種葑、豆，與諸將弈棋、射戲如常。 瑾曰：「伯言多智略，其必當有以。」 乃自來見遜。 遜曰：「賊知大駕已還，無所復憂，得專力於吾。 又已守要害之處，兵將意動，且當自定以安之，施設變術，然後出耳。 今便示退，賊當謂吾怖，仍來相蹙，必敗之勢也。」 乃密與瑾立計，令瑾督舟船，遜悉上兵馬以向襄陽城。 魏人素憚遜名，遽還赴城。 瑾便引船出，遜徐整部伍，張拓聲勢，步趣船，魏人不敢逼。 行到白圍，託言往獵，潛遣將軍周峻、張梁等擊江夏、新市、安陸、石陽，斬獲千餘人而還。 群臣以為司馬懿方與諸葛亮相守未解，車駕可西幸長安。 帝曰：「權走，亮膽破，大軍足以制之，吾無憂矣。」 遂進軍至壽春，錄諸將功，封賞各有差。
Lu Xun sent a kinsman, Han Bian, to present a memorial to Sun Quan; enemy scouts captured him. Zhuge Jin was greatly alarmed when he heard and wrote to Lu Xun, "The imperial carriage has returned; the enemy captured Han Bian and know our full disposition, and the water is drying—we ought to withdraw at once." Lu Xun did not reply but was urging men to plant turnips and beans and, with his generals, played chess and archery as usual. Jin said, "Boyan is full of stratagems—he must have some plan." He then came in person to see Lu Xun. Lu Xun said, "The enemy know the imperial carriage has returned and need fear nothing else—they can concentrate on us. They already hold the vital points, and our officers and men are unsettled. We must first steady ourselves, lay stratagems, and only then withdraw. If we show retreat now, the enemy will think we are afraid and will press us hard—a posture sure to bring defeat." He then secretly formed a plan with Jin: Jin was to command the boats while Lu Xun led all troops and horses toward Xiangyang. The Wei forces had long feared Lu Xun's name and hurried back to the city. Jin then led the boats out; Lu Xun slowly reformed his ranks, inflated their posture, and marched toward the boats—and the Wei men did not dare press him. Reaching Baiwei, he claimed to go hunting but secretly sent Generals Zhou Jun and Zhang Liang and others to strike Jiangxia, Xinshi, Anlu, and Shiyang, killing and capturing more than a thousand before returning. The courtiers thought Sima Yi was still locked in stalemate with Zhuge Liang and urged that the imperial carriage proceed west to Chang'an. The emperor said, "Sun Quan has fled; Liang's courage is broken—the great army is enough to control him. I have no worry." He then advanced to Shouchun, recorded the generals' merits, and enfeoffed and rewarded each according to rank.
73
8八月，壬申，葬漢孝獻皇帝于禪陵。
In the eighth month, on the day Renshen, Emperor Xian of Han was buried at Shan's Tomb.
74
9辛巳，帝還許昌。
On the day Xinsi, the emperor returned to Xuchang.
75
10司馬懿與諸葛亮相守百餘日，亮數挑戰，懿不出。 亮乃遺懿巾幗婦人之服。 懿怒，上表請戰，帝使衛尉辛毗杖節為軍師以制之。 護軍姜維謂亮曰：「辛佐治杖節而到，賊不復出矣。」 亮曰：「彼本無戰情，所以固請戰者，以示武於其眾耳。 將在軍，君命有所不受，苟能制吾，豈千里而請戰邪！」
Sima Yi and Zhuge Liang faced each other for more than a hundred days. Liang repeatedly challenged him to battle; Yi would not come out. Liang then sent Yi women's headscarves and gowns. Yi was enraged and memorialized requesting battle. The emperor sent Director of the Guards Xin Pi with the staff of authority as army mentor to restrain him. Protector of the Army Jiang Wei said to Liang, "Assistant Director Xin has arrived with the staff—the enemy will not come out again." Liang said, "They had no mind for battle from the start; they asked for battle only to show martial spirit to their troops. When the general is in the field, the sovereign's command is not always obeyed. If they could control me, would they ask for battle from a thousand li away?"
76
亮遣使者至懿軍，懿問其寢食及事之煩簡，不問戎事。 使者對曰：「諸葛公夙興夜寐，罰二十已上，皆親覽焉； 所啖食不至數升。」 懿告人曰：「諸葛孔明食少事煩，其能久乎！」
Liang sent an envoy to Yi's camp. Yi asked about his eating and sleeping and how pressing his affairs were—not military matters. The envoy replied, "Director Zhuge rises early and retires late; whenever the penalty is twenty lashes or more, he inspects it in person; the food he eats does not amount to several sheng." Yi told others, "Zhuge Kongming eats little and has many affairs—how long can he last?"
77
亮病篤，漢〔主〕使尚書僕射李福省侍，因諮以國家大計。 福至，與亮語已，別去，數日復還。 亮曰：「孤知君還意，近日言語雖彌日，有所不盡，更來亦決耳。 公所問者，公琰其宜也。」 福謝：「前實失不咨請，如公百年後誰可任大事者，故輒還耳。 乞復請蔣琬之後，誰可任者？」 亮曰：「文偉可以繼之。」 又問其次，亮不答。
and consulted him on the great affairs of state.9 Fu arrived; when he had finished speaking with Liang he left, but returned after several days. Liang said, "I know why you have come back. Though we talked for days lately, there was still something left unsaid—your return was already decided. As for what you asked—Gongyan is the right man." Fu apologized, "Before, I truly failed to ask—as when Your Excellency passes on, who can take the great affairs? So I came back. I beg to ask again: after Jiang Wan, who can take the post?" Liang said, "Wenwei can succeed him." Asked who would come next, Liang did not answer.
78
是月，亮卒於軍中。 長史楊儀整軍而出。 百姓奔告司馬懿，懿追之。 姜維令儀反旗鳴鼓，若將向懿者，懿斂軍退，不敢逼。 於是儀結陳而去，入谷然後發喪。 百姓為之諺曰：「死諸葛走生仲達。」 懿聞之，笑曰：「吾能料生，不能料死故也。」 懿案行亮之營壘處所，歎曰：「天下奇才也！」 追至赤岸，不及而還。
That month Liang died in the army. Chief Clerk Yang Yi marshaled the army and withdrew. The people ran to tell Sima Yi, and Yi pursued. Jiang Wei had Yang Yi turn the flags and beat the drums as if about to strike Yi; Yi drew in his army and retreated, not daring to press. Thereupon Yang Yi formed battle order and withdrew; only after entering the valley did they proclaim the mourning. The people made a saying of it: "Dead Zhuge scares off living Zhongda." When Yi heard it, he laughed and said, "I can gauge the living—I could not gauge the dead." Yi inspected the sites of Liang's camps and fortifications and sighed, "A rare genius under Heaven!" He pursued to Red Bank but could not overtake them and turned back.
79
初，漢前軍師魏延，勇猛過人，善養士卒。 每隨亮出，輒欲請兵萬人，與亮異道會于潼關，如韓信故事，亮制而不許。 延常謂亮為怯，嘆恨己才用之不盡。 楊儀為人幹敏，亮每出軍，儀常規畫分部，籌度糧穀，不稽思慮，斯須便了，軍戎節度，取辦於儀。 延性矜高，當時皆避下之，唯儀不假借延，延以為至忿，有如水火。 亮深惜二人之才，不忍有所偏廢也。
Earlier, Han Front Army Mentor Wei Yan was fiercer than any other man and skilled at nurturing troops. Whenever he followed Liang on campaign he wished to request ten thousand men and meet Liang by another route at Tong Pass, as Han Xin had done—but Liang restrained him and would not permit it. Yan often called Liang timid and lamented that his own talents were not fully used. Yang Yi was capable and quick; whenever Liang took the field Yi would plan deployments and calculate grain stores without long deliberation—done in an instant—and military regulation drew on Yi. Yan was proud and overbearing; everyone at the time deferred to him except Yi, who would not indulge him—and Yan regarded this as the deepest resentment, like fire and water. Liang deeply prized both men's talents and could not bear to favor one and discard the other.
80
費禕使吳，吳主醉，問禕曰：「楊儀、魏延，牧豎小人也，雖嘗有鳴吠之益於時務，然既已任之，勢不得輕。 若一朝無諸葛亮，必為禍亂矣。 諸君憒憒，不知防慮於此，豈所謂貽厥孫謀乎！」 禕對曰：「儀、延之不協，起於私忿耳，而無黥、韓難御之心也。 今方掃除強賊，混一函夏，功以才成，業由才廣，若捨此不任，防其後患，是猶備有風波而逆廢舟楫，非長計也。」
Fei Yi was sent to Wu; Sun Quan, drunk, asked Yi, "Yang Yi and Wei Yan are rustic petty men. Though they once barked to some benefit for the times, now that they are in post their station must not be slighted. If Zhuge Liang were gone tomorrow, calamity and disorder would surely follow. You are all asleep at the switch, with no thought of guarding against this—what became of securing blessing for your descendants?" Yi replied, "The friction between Yi and Yan is nothing but private spite; neither harbors the unruliness of a Ying Bu or a Han Xin. We are in the midst of crushing our enemies and reuniting the realm; achievement rests on talent, and enterprise expands through talent. To cast such men aside and withhold office for fear of later trouble is like stocking for storms and then throwing away your boat—no strategy for the long haul."
81
亮病困，與儀及司馬費禕等作身歿之後退軍節度，令延斷後，姜維次之； 若延或不從命，軍便自發。 亮卒，儀秘不發喪，令禕往揣延意指。 延曰：「丞相雖亡，吾自見在。 府親官屬，便可將喪還葬，吾當自率諸軍擊賊； 云何以一人死廢天下之事邪！ 且魏延何人，當為楊儀之所部勒，作斷後將乎！」 自與禕共作行留部分，令禕手書與己連名，告下諸將。 禕紿延曰：「當為君還解楊長史。 長史文吏，稀更軍事，必不違命也。」 禕出門，奔馬而去。 延尋悔之，已不及矣。
As his illness worsened, Liang worked out with Yang Yi, Chief Clerk Fei Yi, and others the plan for withdrawing after his death: Wei Yan was to cover the retreat, with Jiang Wei behind him; If Yan refused to obey, the army was to march on without him. When Liang died, Yi concealed the news and sent Fei Yi to probe Wei Yan's intentions. Yan said, "The Chancellor may be dead, but I am still alive. His staff may escort the coffin home for burial—I will lead the armies against the enemy myself; how can the death of one man halt the affairs of the realm! And who is Wei Yan, to take orders from Yang Yi as rear-guard general!" He drafted marching orders with Fei Yi, had Yi write them out and countersign, and sent them down to the generals. Yi deceived Yan, saying, "I will go back and reason with Chief Clerk Yang. He is a civil officer with little military experience—he will surely obey." Yi left the gate and galloped away. Yan soon regretted it, but it was too late.
82
延使人覘儀等，欲案亮成規，諸營相次引軍還，延大怒，攙儀未發，率所領徑先南歸，所過燒絕閣道。 延、儀各相表叛逆，一日之中，羽檄交至。 漢主以問侍中董允、留府長史蔣琬，琬、允咸保儀而疑延。 儀等令槎山通道，晝夜兼行，亦繼延後。 延先至，據南谷口，遣兵逆擊儀等，儀等令將軍何平於前御延。 平叱先登曰：「公亡，身尚未寒，汝輩何敢乃爾！」 延士眾知曲在延，莫為用命，皆散。 延獨與其子數人逃亡，奔漢中，儀遣將馬岱追斬之，遂夷延三族。 蔣琬率宿衛諸營赴難北行，行數十里，延死問至，乃還。 始，延欲殺儀等，冀時論以己代諸葛輔政，故不北降魏而南還擊儀，實無反意也。
Yan sent scouts to watch Yi and the others, intending to follow Liang's plan as the camps withdrew in turn. Furious, he marched out before Yi had moved, led his troops south ahead of the main body, and burned the plank roads wherever he passed. Yan and Yi each denounced the other as a traitor; within a day urgent dispatches flew back and forth. The Han ruler consulted Dong Yun, Attendant-in-Ordinary, and Jiang Wan, Chief Clerk left at the capital; both vouched for Yi and suspected Yan. Yi's party cut timbers to open a mountain road and marched day and night, pressing on Yan's heels. Yan arrived first, seized the Southern Valley Pass, and sent troops to meet Yi head-on; Yi ordered General He Ping to block Yan. Ping shouted to the vanguard: "Our lord is dead and his body not yet cold—how dare you behave like this!" Yan's men knew the fault was his and would not fight; they scattered. Yan fled to Hanzhong with only his son and a few followers; Yi sent Ma Dai in pursuit to behead him and exterminated his clan to the third degree. Jiang Wan led the capital-guard camps north toward the crisis; after marching several tens of li, news of Yan's death arrived and he turned back. At first Yan had meant to kill Yi and the rest, hoping opinion would make him Zhuge's successor; that is why he did not defect to Wei but marched south against Yi—he had no real intent to rebel.
83
諸軍還成都，大赦，謚諸葛亮曰忠武侯。 初，亮表於漢主曰：「成都有桑八百株，薄田十五頃，子弟衣食自餘饒，臣不別治生以長尺寸。 若臣死之日，不使內有餘帛，外有贏財，以負陛下。」 卒如其所言。
The armies returned to Chengdu. A general amnesty was proclaimed, and Zhuge Liang was posthumously titled Loyal Martial Marquis. Earlier Liang had told the Han ruler, "In Chengdu I have eight hundred mulberry trees and fifteen qing of thin fields—enough that my sons and brothers live with a modest surplus. I have not set up a separate household to grow my fortune. If when I die there is surplus silk within or surplus wealth without, I will have failed Your Majesty." At his death it was exactly as he had said.
84
丞相長史張裔常稱亮曰：「公賞不遺遠，罰不阿近，爵不可以無功取，刑不可以貴勢免，此賢愚之所以僉忘其身者也！」
Chief Clerk Zhang Yi often said of Liang, "He rewards without overlooking the distant, punishes without favoring kin; rank cannot be taken without merit, and punishment cannot be bought with status—that is why worthy and simple alike give themselves wholly to him!"
85
::陳壽評曰：諸葛亮之為相國也，撫百姓，示儀軌，約官職，從權制，開誠心，布公道； 盡忠益時者，雖讎必賞，犯治怠慢者，雖親必罰，服罪輸情者，雖重必釋，游辭巧飾者，雖輕必戮； 善無微而不賞，惡無纖而不貶； 庶事精練，物理其本，循名責實，虛偽不齒。 終於邦域之內，鹹畏而愛之，刑政雖峻而無怨者，以其用心平而勸戒明也。 可謂識治之良才，管、蕭之亞匹矣！
Chen Shou remarked: As Chancellor, Zhuge Liang comforted the people, displayed ritual norms, streamlined offices, followed expedient measures, opened sincere hearts, and spread impartial justice; those loyal in service were rewarded even if they had been enemies; those negligent in office were punished even if they were kin; those who confessed honestly were released even for grave offenses; those who wove excuses were executed even for light ones; no good deed, however small, went unrewarded; no fault, however slight, went undisciplined; affairs were handled with precision, causes traced to their roots, titles matched to deeds, and the insincere found no place. Within the realm all feared and loved him alike; though punishments were stern, none bore resentment—because his heart was even and his warnings clear. He may be called a master of governance, second only to Guan Zhong and Xiao He!
86
11初，長水校尉廖立，自謂才名宜為諸葛亮之副，常以職位游散，怏怏怨謗無已，亮廢立為民，徙之汶山。 及亮卒，立垂泣曰：「吾終為左衽矣！」 李平聞之，亦發病死。 平常冀亮復收己，得自補復，策後人不能故也。
11. Earlier, Colonel of the Long Water Liao Li had deemed his talent and reputation fit to make him Zhuge Liang's deputy; finding his post idle, he grumbled and slandered without cease. Liang stripped him of office and exiled him to Wenshan. When Liang died, Liao wept and said, "I am doomed to wear the barbarian lapel at last!" Li Ping heard of it and also fell ill and died. Ping had long hoped Liang would take him back; he had reckoned that those who came after could not.
87
::習鑿齒論曰：昔管仲奪伯氏駢邑三百，沒齒而無怨言，聖人以為難。 諸葛亮之使廖立垂泣，李嚴致死，豈徒無怨言而已哉！ 夫水至平而邪者取法，鑒至明而丑者忘怒； 水鑒之所以能窮物而無怨者，以其無私也。 水鑒無私，猶以免謗，況大人君子懷樂生之心，流矜恕之德，法行於不可不用，刑加乎自犯之罪，爵之而非私，誅之而不怒，天下有不服者乎！
Xi Zuochi wrote: Long ago Guan Zhong seized three hundred households of Pian from Bo Shi, and Bo Shi bore no complaint to his dying day—the sage deemed that difficult. That Zhuge Liang could bring Liao Li to tears and Li Yan to his death—was that merely bearing no complaint? Water at its level gives the crooked their standard; a mirror at its brightness lets the ugly forget rage; water and mirror can lay all things bare without breeding resentment because they are without selfishness. Even water and mirror, though without selfishness, still escape slander—how much more when great men cherish life, extend compassion, enforce law only where it must be enforced, punish only self-incurred guilt, grant rank without favoritism, and execute without wrath: who under heaven would not submit?
88
12〔漢〕( 蜀) 人所在求為諸葛亮立廟蜀) 人所在求為諸葛亮立廟此處司馬光未改「蜀」為「漢」，逕改。，漢主不聽。 百姓遂因時節私祭之於道陌上，步兵校尉習隆等上言：「請近其墓，立一廟於沔陽，斷其私祀。」 漢主從之。
12. Han ( Shu) Shu)10 Editorial note: In the phrase "wherever they went, the people petitioned to erect temples to Zhuge Liang," Sima Guang had not changed "Shu" to "Han"; this has been directly emended. , but the Han ruler would not consent. The people then offered private seasonal sacrifices at crossroads; Colonel of Foot Soldiers Xi Long and others memorialized, "We ask to build a temple near his tomb at Mianyang and end private worship." The Han ruler agreed.
89
漢主以左將軍吳懿為車騎將軍，假節，督漢中； 以丞相長史蔣琬為尚書令，總統國事，尋加琬行都護，假節，領益州刺史。 時新喪元帥，遠近危悚，琬出類拔萃，處群僚之右，既無戚容，又無喜色，神守舉止，有如平日，由是眾望漸服。
The Han ruler made Left General Wu Yi General of Chariots and Cavalry, with acting staff, to command Hanzhong; he made Chief Clerk Jiang Wan Director of the Masters of Writing to oversee state affairs, and soon added Acting Protector-General with acting staff and governorship of Yi Province. The realm had just lost its commander; near and far were shaken. Wan stood out among the officials, yet showed neither grief nor elation—his bearing was as on any other day, and so the court gradually took heart.
90
吳人聞諸葛亮卒，恐魏承衰取〔漢〕( 蜀) 蜀) 此處司馬光未改「蜀」為「漢」，逕改。，增巴丘守兵萬人，一欲以為救援，二欲以事分割。 漢人聞之，亦增永安之守以防非常。 漢主使右中郎將宗預使吳，吳主問曰：「東之與西，譬猶一家，而聞西更增白帝之守，何也？」 對曰：「臣以為東益巴丘之戍，西增白帝之守，皆事勢宜然，俱不足以相問也。」 吳主大笑，嘉其抗盡，禮之亞於鄧芝。
When Wu heard that Zhuge Liang had died, they feared Wei would exploit the weakness to seize Han ( Shu) Shu) “Here Sima Guang left Shu unaltered; the text is emended to Han. and reinforced Baqiu with ten thousand men—partly to stand ready to aid Han, partly to seize an opening for partition.” When Han heard of it, they reinforced Yong'an against any surprise. The Han ruler sent Zong Yu, Right Gentleman-of-the-Interior, to Wu. Sun Quan asked, "East and west are one household—yet I hear you have strengthened White Emperor City. Why?" Yu replied, "I take it that your strengthening Baqiu and our strengthening White Emperor are both what circumstances require—neither is grounds for reproach." Sun Quan laughed aloud, admired his blunt completeness, and honored him second only to Deng Zhi.
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13吳諸葛恪以丹楊山險，民多果勁，雖前發兵，徒得外縣平民而已。 其餘深遠，莫能擒盡，屢自求為官出之，三年可得甲士四萬。 眾議咸以為：「丹陽地勢險阻，與吳郡、會稽、新都、鄱陽四郡鄰接，周旋數十里，山谷萬重。 其幽邃民人，未嘗入城邑，對長吏，皆仗兵野逸，白首於林莽； 逋亡宿惡，咸共逃竄。 山出銅鐵，自鑄甲兵。 俗好武習戰，高尚氣力； 其升山赴險，抵突叢棘，若魚之走淵，猿狖之騰木也。 時觀間隙，出為寇盜，每致兵征伐，尋其窟藏。 其戰則蜂至，敗則鳥竄，自前世以來，不能羈也。」 皆以為難。 恪父瑾聞之，亦以事終不逮，嘆曰：「恪不大興吾家，將赤吾族也！」 恪盛陳其必捷，吳主乃拜恪為撫越將軍，領丹陽太守，使行其策。
13. In Wu, Zhuge Ke noted that Danyang's mountains were rugged and its people fierce; past campaigns had rounded up only the lowland commoners. Those in the deep hills could not be taken; he repeatedly asked to go in person and in three years could raise forty thousand armored men. The council argued: "Danyang is rugged, bordering Wu, Kuaiji, Xindu, and Poyang—hundreds of li of folded valleys. Its secluded inhabitants had never seen a walled town; they met officials armed and wild, white-haired in the woods; fugitives and hardened criminals fled together. The hills yielded copper and iron, and they forged their own arms. They loved war and prized strength; climbing cliffs and charging through thorns, they moved like fish in a pool or apes in the trees. They watched for openings to raid; whenever troops came, they vanished into their lairs. In battle they swarmed; in defeat they scattered like birds—no dynasty had ever bridled them." All deemed it too hard. Ke's father Jin heard and judged the venture would fail; he sighed, "If Ke does not exalt our house, he will stain it red!" Ke pressed that victory was certain; Sun Quan made him General Who Pacifies the Yue and Administrator of Danyang and let him try.
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14冬，十一月，洛陽地震。
14. In winter, the eleventh month, Luoyang was shaken by an earthquake.
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15吳潘濬討武陵蠻，數年，斬獲數萬。 自是群蠻衰弱，一方寧靜。 十一月，濬還武昌。
15. In Wu, Pan Jun campaigned against the Wuling tribes for years, killing or capturing tens of thousands. The tribes weakened thereafter and the region grew quiet. In the eleventh month, Jun returned to Wuchang.
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=校刊記=
= Collation Note = (editorial references section for variant readings and source citations in this volume)
Footnotes
- Forced to advance]
- troops took the heights and set an ambush
- [Official scrutiny was relentless]
- In spring, during the first month, on the day Jiashen, an azure dragon was seen in the well at Mobei. In the second month, on the day Dingyou
- provincial inspector Bi Gui memorialized for an immediate march
- Weigong and his court were delighted and received the edict at once, ordering men to follow Dan back to welcome Qun and [De]
- Director of Laijiang Zhang Yi
- In autumn, the seventh month, [Renyin]
- Liang's illness was grave; the Han [lord] sent Vice Director of the Masters of Writing Li Fu to attend his bedside
- Wherever they went, the people petitioned to erect temples to Zhuge Liang