1
資治通鑑第077卷
Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Government, Volume 77
2
【魏紀九】起柔兆困敦，盡重光大荒落，凡六年。
[Records of Wei, Number Nine] Spanning from the cyclical year Rouzhao Kundun through Chongguang Dahuangluo—six years in all.
3
高貴鄉公下甘露元年（ 丙子，公元二五六年）
Under the Duke of Gaoguixiang, first year of Ganlu ( the year bingzi, AD 256)
4
春，正月，漢姜維進位大將軍。
In spring, in the first month, Jiang Wei of Shu was promoted to Grand General.
5
二月，丙辰，帝宴群臣於太極東堂，與諸儒論夏少康、漢高祖優劣，以少康為優。
In the second month, on the day bingchen, the emperor feasted his ministers in the eastern hall of the Hall of Supreme Harmony and debated with the classical scholars whether Xia's Shaokang or Han's founding emperor was the greater ruler, ruling in favor of Shaokang.
6
夏，四月，庚戌，賜大將軍昭袞冕之服，赤舄副焉。
In summer, in the fourth month, on the day gengxu, Grand General Sima Zhao was granted the nine-symbol imperial regalia and matching red ceremonial shoes.
7
丙辰，帝幸太學，與諸儒論《書》、《易》及《禮》，諸儒莫能及。 帝常與中護軍司馬望、侍中王沈、散騎常侍裴秀、黃門侍郎鐘會等講宴於東堂，並屬文論，特加禮異，謂秀為儒林丈人，沈為文籍先生。 帝性急，請召欲速，以望職在外，特給追鋒車、虎賁五人，每有集會，輒奔馳而至。 秀，潛之子也。
On the day bingchen, the emperor visited the Imperial Academy and discussed the Book of Documents, the Book of Changes, and the Rites with the scholars, and none could keep pace with him. The emperor often held literary discussions and banquets in the eastern hall with Central Protector of the Army Sima Wang, Attendant-in-Ordinary Wang Shen, Cavalier Attendant Pei Xiu, Yellow Gate Attendant Zhong Hui, and others; he treated them with exceptional courtesy, styling Xiu the Elder of the Confucian Grove and Shen the Master of Literary Records. The emperor was impatient by nature and wanted his summons answered at once; because Wang's duties kept him outside the palace, he was given a courier's chariot and five tiger guards so that whenever the court assembled he could ride at full speed to attend. Pei Xiu was the son of Pei Qian.
8
六月，丙午，改元。
In the sixth month, on the day bingwu, the reign era was changed.
9
姜維在鐘提，議者多以為維力已竭，未能更出。 安西將軍鄧艾曰：「洮西之敗，非小失也，士卒彫殘，倉廩空虛，百姓流離。 今以策言之，彼有乘勝之勢，我有虛弱之實，一也。 彼上下相習，五兵犀利，我將易兵新，器仗未復，二也。 彼以船行，吾以陸軍，勞逸不同，三也。 狄道、隴西、南安、祁山各當有守，彼專為一，我分為四，四也。 從南安、隴西因食羌谷，若趣祁山，熟麥千頃，為之外倉，五也。 賊有黠計，其來必矣。」
Jiang Wei was encamped at Zhongti, and most at court believed his strength was spent and that he would not mount another campaign. Anxi General Deng Ai said, "The defeat west of the Tao was no minor setback. Our troops are worn down, the granaries empty, and the people displaced. Judging by strategy, they have the momentum of victory while we are genuinely weak—that is the first point. Their commanders and troops work in concert and their weapons are keen; we have new generals, green troops, and arms not yet replenished—that is the second point. They move by water while we march overland—the difference in fatigue is the third point. Didao, Longxi, Nan'an, and Qishan each need defenders; they can focus on one target while we are split four ways—that is the fourth point. Marching through Nan'an and Longxi they can live off Qiang grain, and if they drive on Qishan a thousand qing of ripe wheat will serve as their forward supply—that is the fifth point. The enemy is cunning; they are certain to come."
10
秋，七月，姜維復率眾出祁山，聞鄧艾已有備，乃回，從董亭趣南安； 艾據武城山以拒之。 維與艾爭險不克，其夜，渡渭東行，緣山趣上邽。 艾與戰於段谷，大破之。 以艾為鎮西將軍，都督隴右諸軍事。 維與其鎮西大將軍胡濟期會上邽，濟失期，不至，故敗，士卒星散，死者甚眾，蜀人由是怨維。 維上書謝，求自貶黜； 乃以衛將軍行大將軍事。
In autumn, in the seventh month, Jiang Wei again led his army toward Qishan. Learning that Deng Ai was already prepared, he withdrew and marched from Dongting toward Nan'an; Deng Ai seized Wucheng Mountain to block his advance. Wei and Ai fought for the passes without success. That night he crossed the Wei to the east and followed the mountain routes toward Shanggui. Deng Ai met him at Duangu and inflicted a crushing defeat. Deng Ai was appointed General Who Pacifies the West and given overall command of military affairs in Longyou. Wei had arranged to rendezvous at Shanggui with General Who Pacifies the West Hu Ji, but Ji failed to appear on time, and so they were defeated. The troops scattered in every direction and casualties were heavy; from this the people of Shu turned against Jiang Wei. Jiang Wei submitted a memorial of apology and asked to be reduced in rank; he was therefore made Defender General with authority to act as Grand General.
11
八月，庚午，詔司馬昭加號大都督，奏事不名，假黃鉞。
In the eighth month, on the day gengwu, an edict gave Sima Zhao the additional title Grand Commander, exempted his name from taboo in memorials to the throne, and lent him the yellow battle-axe.
12
癸酉，以太尉司馬孚為太傅。 九月，以司徒高柔為太尉。
On the day guiyou, Grand Commandant Sima Fu was appointed Grand Tutor. In the ninth month, Minister of Works Gao Rou was appointed Grand Commandant.
13
文欽說吳人以伐魏之利，孫峻使欽與驃騎將軍呂擾及車騎將軍劉纂、鎮南將軍朱異、前將軍唐咨自江都入淮、泗，以圖青、徐。 峻餞之於石頭，遇暴疾，以後事付從父弟偏將軍綝。 丁亥，峻卒。 吳人以綝為侍中、武衛將軍、都督中外諸軍事，召呂據等還。
Wen Qin persuaded Wu of the advantages of striking Wei. Sun Jun sent Qin with Rapid-as-Lightning General Lü Rao, Chariots-and-Cavalry General Liu Zuan, General Who Pacifies the South Zhu Yi, and Forward General Tang Zi from Jiangdu into the Huai and Si to target Qing and Xu provinces. Jun gave them a farewell feast at Shitou, then fell suddenly ill and entrusted affairs to his cousin, Partial General Sun Lin. On the day dinghai, Sun Jun died. Wu appointed Lin Attendant-in-Ordinary, Martial Guard General, and overall commander of military affairs, and recalled Lü Ju and the others.
14
己丑，吳大司馬呂岱卒，年九十六。 始岱親近吳郡徐原，慷慨有才志，岱知其可成，賜巾韝，與共言論，後遂薦拔，官至侍御史。 原性忠壯，好直言。 岱時有得失，原輒諫爭，又公論之。 人或以告岱，岱歎曰：「是我所以貴德淵者也！」 及原死，岱哭之甚哀，曰：「徐德淵，呂岱之益友，今不幸，岱復於何聞過！」 談者美之。
On the day jichou, Wu's Grand Marshal Lü Dai died at the age of ninety-six. Early on Dai had taken a liking to Xu Yuan of Wu commandery, a man of generous spirit and real ability. Dai saw his promise, gave him a scholar's cap and armguard, and talked matters over with him; he later recommended him for office, and Yuan rose to Attending Censor. Yuan was loyal and forthright and loved to speak his mind plainly. Whenever Dai erred or succeeded, Yuan would remonstrate with him and also air the matter in public discussion. When someone reported this to Dai, he sighed and said, "That is why I value Deyuan!" When Yuan died, Dai mourned him deeply and said, "Xu Deyuan was Lü Dai's true friend. Now that he is gone, from whom shall I hear of my faults?" Commentators praised him for it.
15
呂據聞孫綝代孫峻輔政，大怒，與諸督將連名共表薦滕胤為丞相； 綝更以胤為大司馬，代呂岱駐武昌。 據引兵還，使人報胤，欲共廢綝。 冬，十月，丁未，綝遣從兄憲將兵逆據於江都，使中使敕文欽、劉纂、唐咨等共擊取據，又遣侍中左將軍華融、中書丞丁晏告喻胤宜速去意。 胤自以禍及，因留融、晏、勒兵自衛，召典軍楊崇、將軍孫咨，告以綝為亂，迫融等使作書難綝。 綝不聽，表言胤反，許將軍劉丞以封爵，使率兵騎攻圍胤。 胤又劫融等使詐為詔發兵，融等不從，皆殺之。 或勸胤引兵至蒼龍門：「將士見公出，必委絲林就公。」 時夜已半，胤恃與據期，又難舉兵向宮，乃約令部曲，說呂侯兵已在近道，故皆為胤盡死，無離散者。 胤顏色不變，談笑如常。 時大風，比曉，據不至，綝兵大會，遂殺胤及將士數十人，夷胤三族。 己酉，大赦，改元太平。 或勸呂據奔魏者，據曰：「吾恥為叛臣。」 遂自殺。
When Lü Ju learned that Sun Lin had replaced Sun Jun as regent, he was furious. He and the frontier generals submitted a joint memorial recommending Teng Yin as chancellor; Lin instead appointed Yin Grand Marshal and sent him to replace Lü Dai at the garrison in Wuchang. Ju marched his troops back and sent word to Yin that they should depose Lin together. In winter, in the tenth month, on the day dingwei, Lin sent his cousin Sun Xian with troops to block Ju at Jiangdu, ordered palace envoys to direct Wen Qin, Liu Zuan, Tang Zi, and the others to join the attack on Ju, and sent Attendant-in-Ordinary and Left General Hua Rong and Secretariat Assistant Ding Yan to warn Yin to withdraw at once. Yin, seeing disaster closing in, detained Rong and Yan, mustered troops for his own defense, summoned Director of the Army Yang Chong and General Sun Zi, told them Lin was rebelling, and forced Rong and the others to draft a denunciation of Lin. Lin paid no heed. He reported that Yin had rebelled, promised General Liu Cheng a fief and noble title, and sent him with cavalry and infantry to besiege Yin. Yin then tried to force Rong and the others to forge an edict mobilizing troops; when they refused, he killed them all. Someone urged Yin to march to the Azure Dragon Gate, saying, "When the troops see you come out, they will abandon Sun Lin and join you." It was already midnight. Yin was counting on Ju's arrival and hesitated to march on the palace, so he only bound his followers with pledges, claiming Lü Ju's army was close at hand. They all fought to the death for him, and none deserted. Yin's expression never changed; he talked and laughed as usual. A fierce wind was blowing. By dawn Ju had still not come, while Lin's forces had gathered in strength. They killed Yin and several dozen of his officers and men and exterminated his clan to the third degree. On the day jiyou, a general amnesty was proclaimed and the era name was changed to Taiping. Some urged Lü Ju to flee to Wei. Ju said, "I would be ashamed to become a turncoat." He then took his own life.
16
以司空鄭沖為司徒，左僕射盧毓為司空。 毓固讓驃騎將軍王昶、光祿大夫王觀、司隸校尉琅邪王祥，詔不許。 祥性至孝，繼母朱氏遇之無道，祥愈恭謹。 朱氏子覽，年數歲，每見祥被楚撻，輒涕泣抱持母； 母以非理使祥，覽輒與祥俱往。 及長，娶妻，母虐使祥妻，覽妻亦趨而共之。 母患之，為之少止。 祥漸有時譽，母深疾之，密使鴆祥。 覽知之，逕起取酒，祥爭而不與，母遽奪反之。 自後，母賜祥饌，覽輒先嘗。 母懼覽致斃，遂止。 漢末遭亂，祥隱居三十餘年，不應州郡之命，母終，毀瘁，杖而後起。 徐州刺史呂虔檄為別駕，委以州事，州界清靜，政化大行。 時人歌之曰：「海沂之康，實賴王祥； 邦國不空，別駕之功！」
Minister of Works Zheng Chong was appointed Minister over the Masses, and Left Vice Director of the Secretariat Lu Yu was appointed Minister of Works. Yu firmly offered the post to Rapid-as-Lightning General Wang Chang, Household Counsellor Wang Guan, and Director of the Secretariat Wang Xiang of Langye, but the edict refused. Xiang was profoundly filial. His stepmother, Lady Zhu, treated him harshly, yet he became only more respectful and careful. Lady Zhu's son Lan was still a small boy. Whenever he saw Xiang beaten with the rod, he would weep and cling to his mother; and when his mother sent Xiang on some unreasonable errand, Lan would go along with him. When he grew up and married, his mother mistreated Xiang's wife, and Lan's wife would hurry to share the work with her. The mother resented this and eased off somewhat on their account. As Xiang gradually won a public reputation, his mother came to hate him deeply and secretly arranged to poison him. Lan learned of it, rose at once, and took the wine. Xiang struggled to keep it from him, and their mother snatched it back in alarm. After that, whenever his mother sent food to Xiang, Lan would taste it first. Fearing Lan might die, she stopped. At the end of Han, amid the turmoil, Xiang lived in seclusion for more than thirty years and ignored summons from the provinces and commanderies. When his mother died he was wasted with grief and could rise only with a staff. Xuzhou Inspector Lü Qian summoned him as Chief Assistant and entrusted him with provincial affairs. The region grew peaceful and his reforms took hold throughout the province. People of the time sang of him, saying, "The peace of the coast and Yi country truly rests on Wang Xiang; the realm is not left empty—it is the Chief Assistant's doing!"
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十一月，吳孫綝遷大將軍。 綝負貴倨傲，多行無禮。 峻從弟憲嘗與誅諸葛恪，峻厚遇之，官至右將軍、無難督，平九官事。 綝遇憲薄於峻時，憲怒，與將軍王惇謀殺綝。 事洩，綝殺惇，憲服藥死。
In the eleventh month, Sun Lin of Wu was promoted to Grand General. Lin traded on his exalted rank, was arrogant, and often behaved without propriety. Jun's cousin Sun Xian had taken part in the execution of Zhuge Ke. Jun treated him generously, and he rose to Right General, Supervisor of Wunan, with authority over the Nine Offices. Lin treated Xian less well than Jun had, and Xian, enraged, plotted with General Wang Dun to kill Lin. The plot was discovered. Lin killed Dun, and Xian took poison and died.
18
高貴鄉公下甘露二年（ 丁丑，公元二五七年）
Under the Duke of Gaoguixiang, second year of Ganlu ( the year dingchou, AD 257)
19
春，三月，大梁成侯盧毓卒。
In spring, in the third month, Marquis Cheng of Daliang, Lu Yu, died.
20
夏，四月，吳主臨正殿，大赦，始親政事。 孫綝表奏，多見難問，又科兵子弟十八已下，十五以上三千餘人，選大將子弟年少有勇力者，使將之，日於苑中教習，曰：「吾立此軍，欲與之俱長。」 又數出中書視大帝時舊事，問左右侍臣曰：「先帝數有特製，今大將軍問事，但令我書可邪？」 嘗食生梅，使黃門至中藏取蜜，蜜中有鼠矢； 召問藏吏，藏吏叩頭。 吳主曰：「黃門從爾求蜜邪？」 吏曰：「向求，實不敢與。」 黃門不服。 吳主令破鼠矢，矢中燥，因大笑，謂左右曰：「若矢先在蜜中，中外當俱濕； 今外濕裡燥，此必黃門所為也。」 詰之，果服，左右莫不驚悚。
In summer, in the fourth month, the Wu ruler took his seat in the main hall, proclaimed a general amnesty, and for the first time personally attended to government affairs. Sun Lin's memorials were often sharply questioned. He also conscripted more than three thousand sons of military families between fifteen and eighteen, chose the young and brave among the sons of great generals to lead them, and had them drilled daily in the imperial park, saying, "I am raising this army to grow up together with it." He also went repeatedly to the Secretariat to review records from the reign of the founding emperor and asked his attendants, "The late emperor often issued special orders. Now when the Grand General inquires into affairs, am I only to write my approval?" Once, while eating raw plums, he sent a Yellow Gate attendant to the central storehouse for honey and found rat droppings in it; he summoned the storehouse clerk, who prostrated himself at once. The Wu ruler said, "Did the Yellow Gate attendant ask you for honey?" The clerk said, "He did ask earlier, but I truly dared not give it to him." The Yellow Gate attendant denied it. The Wu ruler ordered the droppings broken open. The inside was dry, and he laughed and said to those around him, "If the droppings had been in the honey first, the inside and outside would both be wet; but the outside is wet and the inside dry. This must be the Yellow Gate attendant's doing." He questioned him further, and the attendant confessed. Everyone present was astonished.
21
征東大將軍諸葛誕素與夏侯玄、鄧颺等友善，玄等死，王凌、毌丘儉相繼誅滅，誕內不自安，乃傾帑藏振施，曲赦有罪，以收眾心，畜養揚州輕俠數千人以為死士。 因吳人欲向徐堨，請十萬眾以守壽春，又求臨淮築城以備吳寇。 司馬昭初秉政，長史賈充請遣參佐慰勞四征，且觀其志。 昭遣充至淮南，充見誕，論說時事，因曰：「洛中諸賢，皆願禪代，君以為如何？」 誕厲聲曰：「卿非賈豫州子乎？ 世受魏恩，豈可欲以社稷輸人乎！ 右洛中有難，吾當死之。」 充默然。 還，言於昭曰：「諸葛誕再在揚州，得士眾心。 今召之，必不來，然反疾而禍小； 不召，則反遲而禍大； 不如召之。」 昭從之。 甲子，詔以誕為司空，召赴京師。 誕得詔書，愈恐，疑揚州刺史樂綝間己，遂殺綝，斂淮南及淮北郡縣屯田口十餘萬官兵，揚州新附勝兵者四五萬人，聚谷足一年食，為閉門自守之計。 遣長史吳綱將小子靚至吳，稱臣請救，並請以牙門子弟為質。
Eastern Campaign Grand General Zhuge Dan had long been friendly with Xiahou Xuan, Deng Yang, and their circle. After their deaths, and with Wang Ling and Guanqiu Jian executed in turn, Dan grew uneasy. He emptied the treasury for relief works, granted irregular pardons to win hearts, and kept several thousand Yangzhou bravoes as men willing to die for him. When Wu threatened Xuchui, he asked for a hundred thousand men to hold Shouchun and permission to build a fortress at Linhuai against Wu. When Sima Zhao first took power, Chief Clerk Jia Chong proposed sending aides to console the four frontier generals and gauge their intentions. Zhao sent Chong to Huainan. Chong met Dan, discussed current affairs, and then said, "The worthies in Luoyang all favor transferring the mandate. What is your view?" Dan said sharply, "Are you not the son of Jia of Yuzhou? Your family has received Wei's grace for generations. How can you wish to hand the realm over to others! If trouble arises in Luoyang, I shall die defending the dynasty." Chong said nothing. On returning, he reported to Sima Zhao, "Zhuge Dan's second tenure in Yang Province has won him the loyalty of officers and common soldiers alike. If you summon him now, he will surely refuse, but his rebellion will come quickly and the damage will be minor; if you do not summon him, his rebellion will come later and the damage will be far greater; it would be better to summon him." Sima Zhao agreed. On jia-zi, an edict made Zhuge Dan Minister of Works and summoned him to the capital. When Dan received the edict, his fear deepened. Suspecting that Yue Lin, Inspector of Yang Province, was working against him, he killed Lin. He mustered more than a hundred thousand officers and men from the military colonies across Huainan and north of the Huai, added forty or fifty thousand able-bodied troops newly attached to Yang Province, stockpiled grain enough for a year, and prepared to shut the gates and defend himself. He dispatched Chief Clerk Wu Gang with his young son Jing to Wu, submitted as a vassal and pleaded for aid, and offered the sons of his gate guards as hostages.
22
吳滕胤、呂據之妻，皆夏口督孫壹之妹也。 六月，孫綝使鎮南將軍朱異自虎林將兵襲壹。 異至武昌，壹將部曲來奔。 乙巳，詔拜壹車騎將軍、交州牧，封吳侯，開府辟召，儀同三司，袞冕赤舄，事從豐厚。
In Wu, the wives of Teng Yin and Lü Ju were both younger sisters of Sun Yi, Supervisor of Xiakou. In the sixth month, Sun Chen ordered General Who Guards the South Zhu Yi to lead troops from Hulin in an assault on Sun Yi. When Zhu Yi reached Wuchang, Sun Yi led his personal troops across to surrender. On yi-si, an edict made Sun Yi General of Chariots and Cavalry and Governor of Jiaozhou, enfeoffed him as Marquis of Wu, authorized him to open a personal office and recruit staff, granted him protocol equal to the Three Ducal Ministers, a twelve-pendant robe and red ceremonial shoes, and lavish provision in all matters.
23
司馬昭奉帝及太后討諸葛誕。 吳綱至吳，吳人大喜，使將軍全懌、全端、唐咨、王祚將三萬眾，與文欽同救誕； 以誕為左都護、假節、大司徒、驃騎將軍、青州牧，封壽春侯。 懌，琮之子； 端，其從子也。
Sima Zhao accompanied the Emperor and Empress Dowager on campaign against Zhuge Dan. When Wu Gang reached Wu, the Wu court rejoiced and sent Generals Quan Yi, Quan Duan, Tang Zi, and Wang Zuo with thirty thousand men to join Wen Qin in relieving Shouchun; Zhuge Dan was appointed Left Chief Protector, granted provisional authority and the staff of command, made Grand Minister over the Masses and General of Agile Cavalry and Governor of Qingzhou, and enfeoffed as Marquis of Shouchun. Quan Yi was a son of Quan Cong; Quan Duan was his nephew.
24
六月，甲子，車駕次項，司馬昭督諸軍二十六萬進屯丘頭，以鎮南將軍王基行鎮東將軍、都督揚豫諸軍事，與安東將軍陳騫等圍壽春。 基始至，圍城未合，文欽、全懌等從城東北因山乘險，得將其眾突入城。 昭敕基斂軍堅壁。 基累求進討，會吳朱異率三萬人進屯安豐，為文欽外勢，詔基引諸軍轉據北山。 基謂諸將曰：「今圍壘轉固，兵馬向集，但當精修守備，以待越逸，而更移兵守險，使得放縱，雖有智者，不能善其後矣！」 遂守便宜，上疏曰：「今與賊家對敵，當不動如山，若遷移依險，人心搖蕩，於勢大損。 諸軍並據深溝高壘，眾心皆定，不可傾動，此御兵之要也。」 書奏，報聽。 於是基等四面合圍，表裡再重，塹壘甚峻。 文欽等數出犯圍，逆擊，走之。 司馬昭又使奮武將軍監青州諸軍事石苞督兗州刺史州泰、徐州刺史胡質等簡銳卒為遊軍，以備外寇。 泰擊破朱異於陽淵，異走，泰追之，殺傷二千人。
In the sixth month, on jia-zi, the Emperor halted at Xiang. Sima Zhao took command of two hundred sixty thousand troops and advanced to Qiutou. He made General Who Guards the South Wang Ji acting General Who Guards the East and overall commander of military affairs in Yang and Yu, and together with General Who Establishes the East Chen Qian and others laid siege to Shouchun. Wang Ji had only just arrived and the encirclement was not yet complete when Wen Qin, Quan Yi, and the others came from the northeast, used the mountainous terrain to their advantage, and broke through into the city with their troops. Sima Zhao ordered Wang Ji to pull back his troops and hold fast behind fortified walls. Wang Ji repeatedly requested leave to advance and attack. Meanwhile Zhu Yi of Wu led thirty thousand men forward to Anfeng to support Wen Qin from outside, and an edict ordered Wang Ji to shift the armies to occupy the northern hills. Wang Ji told the generals, "The siege lines are tightening and our forces are assembling. We need only strengthen our defenses and wait for them to attempt a breakout. Shifting troops to hold the high ground instead will give the enemy room to act freely—even the wisest strategist could not salvage matters after that!" He therefore acted as he saw fit and submitted a memorial: "We face the enemy host head-on and should stand firm as a mountain. If we relocate to hold difficult terrain, morale will falter and our position will suffer a grave setback. All our armies hold deep trenches and high ramparts; morale is steady and must not be disturbed. That is the essential principle of command." The memorial was approved. Thereupon Wang Ji and the others completed a four-sided encirclement with double inner and outer lines and very steep trenches and ramparts. Wen Qin and his allies sallied out against the siege lines several times but were met in counterattack and driven back. Sima Zhao also sent General of Inciting Might Shi Bao, overseeing military affairs in Qing Province, to supervise Zhou Tai, Inspector of Yanzhou, Hu Zhi, Inspector of Xuzhou, and others in selecting elite troops for a mobile force to guard against outside attack. Zhou Tai routed Zhu Yi at Yangyuan. Zhu Yi fled, Zhou Tai pursued him, and killed or wounded two thousand men.
25
秋，七月，吳大將軍綝大發卒出屯鑊裡，復遣朱異帥將軍丁奉、黎斐等五人前解壽春之圍。 異留輜重於都陸，進屯黎漿，石苞、州泰又擊破之。 太山太守胡烈以奇兵五千襲都陸，盡焚異資糧，異將餘兵，食葛葉，走歸孫綝。 綝使異更死戰，異以士卒乏食，不從綝命。 綝怒，九月，己巳，綝斬異於鑊裡。 辛未，引兵還建業，綝既不能拔出諸葛誕，而喪敗士眾，自戮名將，由是吳人莫不怨之。 司馬昭曰：「異不得至壽春，非其罪也，而吳人殺之，欲以謝壽春而堅誕意，使其猶望救耳。 今當堅圍，備其越逸，而多方以誤之。」 乃縱反間，揚言「吳救方至，大軍乏食，分遣羸疾就谷淮北，勢不能久」。 誕等益寬恣食，俄而城中乏糧，外救不至。 將軍蔣班、焦彝，皆誕腹心謀主也，言於誕曰：「朱異等以大眾來而不能進，孫綝殺異而歸江東，外以發兵為名，內實坐須成敗。 今宜及眾心尚固，士卒思用，並力決死，攻其一面，雖不能盡克，猶有可全者； 空坐守死，無為也。」 文欽曰：「公今舉十餘萬之眾歸命於吳，而欽與全端等皆同居死地，父兄子弟盡在江表，就孫綝不欲來，主上及其親戚豈肯聽乎！ 且中國無歲無事，軍民並疲，今守我一年，內變將起，奈何捨此，欲乘危徼幸乎！」 班、彝固勸之，欽怒。 誕欲殺班、彝，二人懼，十一月，棄誕逾城來降。 全懌兄子輝、儀在建業，與其家內爭訟，攜其母將部曲數十家來奔。 於是懌與兄子靖及全端弟翩、緝皆將兵在壽春城中，司馬昭用黃門侍郎鐘會策，密為輝、儀作書，使輝、儀所親信繼入城告懌等，說「吳中怒懌等不能拔壽春，欲盡誅諸將家，故逃來歸命」。 十二月，懌等率其眾數千人開門出降，城中震懼，不知所為。 詔拜懌平東將軍，封臨湘侯； 端等封拜各有差。
In autumn, the seventh month, Sun Chen, Wu's Grand General, mobilized a large force and encamped at Huoli. He again sent Zhu Yi at the head of Generals Ding Feng, Li Fei, and five others forward to break the siege of Shouchun. Zhu Yi left his baggage train at Dulu and advanced to Lijiang, where Shi Bao and Zhou Tai defeated him again. Hu Lie, Administrator of Taishan, raided Dulu with five thousand picked troops and burned all of Zhu Yi's supplies. Zhu Yi led his surviving troops back—living on kudzu leaves—and fled to Sun Chen. Sun Chen ordered Zhu Yi back into deadly combat, but Zhu Yi, whose troops were starving, refused the order. Enraged, in the ninth month on ji-si Sun Chen executed Zhu Yi at Huoli. On xin-wei he withdrew to Jianye. Sun Chen had failed to relieve Zhuge Dan, lost troops in defeat, and killed a celebrated general himself—whereupon resentment spread across Wu. Sima Zhao said, "Zhu Yi never reached Shouchun—that was not his fault. Yet Wu executed him, hoping to appease Shouchun and steel Zhuge Dan's resolve so he would still cling to hope of rescue. We must hold the siege tight, guard against a breakout, and mislead them by every means." He then spread disinformation, publicly declaring, "Wu reinforcements are about to arrive; the main army is short of food and is sending the weak and sick to gather grain north of the Huai—it cannot hold out much longer." Zhuge Dan and his allies grew ever more careless in consuming provisions. Before long the city ran short of grain and no outside relief arrived. Generals Jiang Ban and Jiao Yi, both Zhuge Dan's closest advisers, told him, "Zhu Yi came with a great host and could not break through; Sun Chen executed him and returned to the east of the Yangtze—in name sending troops, but in truth simply waiting to see who would win. We should act while morale still holds and the troops are eager to fight—unite in a desperate assault on one front. Even if we cannot win outright, something may still be saved; to sit passively and wait for death accomplishes nothing." Wen Qin replied, "Your Excellency has now surrendered more than a hundred thousand men to Wu. Qin, Quan Duan, and the rest of us share the same fate—our fathers, brothers, sons, and kin are all east of the Yangtze. Even if Sun Chen himself had no wish to come, would the sovereign and his kin ever agree! Moreover, the Central Plains know no year without crisis—army and people alike are exhausted. Hold us here for a year and internal rebellion will erupt. Why abandon that prospect to gamble on a desperate sortie!" Ban and Yi continued to press their advice; Wen Qin flew into a rage. Zhuge Dan intended to kill Ban and Yi. Fearing for their lives, the two men in the eleventh month abandoned him, climbed over the wall, and defected. Quan Yi's nephews Hui and Yi were in Jianye. After a dispute within the family, they took their mother and led several dozen households of personal troops across to surrender. Meanwhile Quan Yi, his nephew Jing, and Quan Duan's younger brothers Pian and Ji all held troops inside Shouchun. Sima Zhao adopted a stratagem from Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gates Zhong Hui, secretly forged letters in the names of Hui and Yi, and sent their trusted associates into the city to tell Quan Yi and the others, "Wu is furious that Quan Yi and the others failed to relieve Shouchun and intends to execute every general's family—that is why we fled to surrender." In the twelfth month, Quan Yi and his followers—several thousand strong—opened the gates and surrendered. The city was shaken with terror and no one knew what to do. An edict made Quan Yi General Who Pacifies the East and enfeoffed him as Marquis of Linxiang; Duan and the others received titles and appointments according to their rank.
26
漢姜維聞魏分關中兵以赴淮南，欲乘虛向秦川，率數萬人出駱谷，至沈嶺。 時長城積穀甚多，而守兵少，征西將軍都督雍、涼諸軍事司馬望及安西將軍鄧艾進兵據之，以拒維。 維壁於芒水，數挑戰，望、艾不應。
When Jiang Wei of Shu heard that Wei had diverted Guanzhong troops to Huainan, he sought to exploit the opening and march on Qinchuan, leading tens of thousands out through Luogu Valley to Shenling. Changcheng held large grain stores but few defenders. Western Campaign General Sima Wang, commander of Yong and Liang, and Anxi General Deng Ai advanced to seize it and block Jiang Wei. Wei fortified along the Mang River and repeatedly challenged them to battle, but Wang and Ai would not engage.
27
是時，維數出兵，蜀人愁苦。 中散大夫譙周作《仇國論》以諷之曰：「或問往古能以弱勝強者，其術如何？ 曰：吾聞之，處大無患者常多慢，處小有憂者常思善； 多慢則生亂，思善則生治，理之常也。 故周文養民，以少取多，勾踐恤眾，以弱斃強，此其術也。 或曰：曩者，項強漢弱，相與戰爭，項羽與漢約分鴻溝，各歸息民，張良以為民志既定，則難動也，率兵追羽，終斃項氏。 豈必由文王之事乎？ 曰：當商、周之際，王侯世尊，君臣久固，民習所專； 深根者難拔，據固者難遷。 當此之時，雖漢祖安能杖劍鞭馬而取天下乎！ 及秦罷侯置守之後，民疲秦役，天下土崩，或歲改主，或月易公，鳥驚獸駭，莫知所從，於是豪強並爭，虎裂狼分，疾搏者獲多，遲後者見吞。 今我與彼皆傳國易世矣，既非秦末鼎沸之時，實有六國並據之勢，故可為文王，難為漢祖。 夫民之疲勞，則騷擾之兆生，上慢下暴，則瓦解之形起。 諺曰：『射幸數跌，不如審發。』 是故智者不為小利移目，不為意似改步，時可而後動，數合而後舉，故湯、武之師不再戰而克，誠重民勞而度時審也。 如遂極武黷征，土崩勢生，不幸遇難，雖有智者，將不能謀之矣。」
By then Jiang Wei was campaigning again and again, and the people of Shu were worn down with hardship. Palace Attendant Qiao Zhou wrote "Treatise on a Feudatory State" to admonish him, saying, "Someone asked how, in antiquity, the weak overcame the strong. What was their method? The answer was: I have heard that great states without troubles grow negligent, while small states under pressure think constantly of improvement; negligence breeds disorder, and striving for good breeds order. That is the constant way of things. King Wen of Zhou nourished his people and with the few overcame the many; Goujian of Yue cared for his people and with the weak destroyed the strong. That was their method. But someone objected: Once Xiang Yu was strong and Han weak. They fought until Xiang Yu and Han agreed to divide at the Hong Canal and each return to rest their people. Zhang Liang argued that once the people's will had settled it would be hard to move them again; he led troops in pursuit and finally destroyed the house of Xiang. Must victory always follow the way of King Wen? The answer was: In the age of Shang and Zhou, kings and feudal lords were deeply honored, lord and minister bonds were long settled, and the people were rooted in their allegiances; those deeply rooted are hard to uproot, and those firmly established are hard to displace. In such an age, how could even Han's founder have seized the realm by sword and spur alone! After Qin abolished the feudal lords and installed commandery governors, the people were exhausted by Qin labor, and the realm collapsed. Rulers changed yearly, lords monthly. Birds scattered and beasts panicked, and no one knew whom to follow. Then the powerful contended; tigers tore and wolves divided the land. The swift in battle gained much, and the slow were swallowed. Now we and they have both been established states for generations. This is no longer the seething chaos at the end of Qin, but truly resembles the age when the Six States held their ground side by side. One may act like King Wen, but it is hard to act like Han's founder. When the people are worn with labor, unrest follows. When those above grow negligent and those below grow violent, collapse begins. As the proverb says, "Hoping for luck in archery, one often misses; better to aim carefully." Therefore the wise do not chase small gains or change course on a whim. They move when the time is right and act when conditions align. That is why the armies of Tang and Wu conquered without needing to fight again: they weighed the people's labor and judged the moment carefully. If one then exhausts the state in repeated campaigns, collapse follows. Should disaster strike, even a wise adviser could not save it."
28
高貴鄉公下甘露三年（ 戊寅，公元二五八年）
Under the Duke of Gaoguixiang, third year of Ganlu ( the year wuyin, AD 258)
29
春，正月，文欽謂諸葛誕曰：「蔣班、焦彝謂我不能出而走，全端、全懌又率眾逆降，此敵無備之時也，可以戰矣。」 誕及唐咨等皆以為然，遂大為攻具，晝夜五六日攻南圍，欲決圍而出。 圍上諸軍臨高發石車火箭，逆燒破其攻具，矢石雨下，死傷蔽地，血流盈塹，復不城。 城內食轉竭，出降者數萬口。 欽欲盡出北方人，省食，與吳人堅守，誕不聽，由是爭恨。 欽素與誕有隙，徒以計合，事急愈相疑。 欽見誕計事，誕遂殺欽。 欽子鴦、虎將兵在小城中，聞欽死，勒兵赴之； 眾不為用，遂單走逾城出，自歸於司馬昭。 軍吏請誅之，昭曰：「欽之罪不容誅，其子固應就戮； 然鴦、虎以窮歸命，且城未拔，殺之是堅其心也。」 乃赦鴦、虎，使將數百騎巡城，呼曰：「文欽之子猶不見殺，其餘何懼！」 又表鴦、虎皆為將軍，賜爵關內侯。 城內皆喜，且日益饑困。 司馬昭身自臨圍，見城上持弓者不發，曰：「可攻矣！」 乃四面進軍，同時鼓噪登城。 二月，乙酉，克之。 誕窘急，單馬將其麾下突小城欲出，司馬胡奮部兵擊斬之，夷其三族。 誕麾下數百人，皆拱手為列，不降，每斬一人，輒降之，卒不變，以至於盡。 吳將於詮曰：「大丈夫受命其主，以兵救人，既不能克，又束手於敵，吾弗取也。」 乃免冑冒陳而死。 唐咨、王祚等皆降。 吳兵萬眾，器仗山積。
In spring, in the first month, Wen Qin said to Zhuge Dan, "Jiang Ban and Jiao Yi said I could not endure and fled. Quan Duan and Quan Yi have led their men in surrender to the enemy. The foe is unprepared—we can fight." Dan, Tang Zi, and the others agreed. They built siege engines on a large scale and for five or six days and nights assaulted the southern siege line, trying to break out. The besieging armies on the heights launched catapults and fire-arrows, burned their siege works, and rained missiles down. The dead and wounded covered the ground, blood filled the moats, and they failed to break the line. Food inside the city ran ever lower, and tens of thousands came out to surrender. Qin wanted to expel all the northerners to save food and hold the city with the Wu troops alone. Dan refused, and they grew bitter toward each other. Qin and Dan had long been at odds and had joined only by calculation. As the crisis deepened, their mutual suspicion grew. When Qin came to discuss plans, Dan killed him. Qin's sons Yang and Hu held troops in an inner citadel. Hearing of their father's death, they mustered their men to rush to the scene; but the troops would not follow. They fled alone over the wall and surrendered to Sima Zhao. The officers asked to execute them. Zhao said, "Qin's crime admits no sparing, and his sons would ordinarily deserve death; yet Yang and Hu have surrendered in desperation, and the city is not yet taken. Killing them would only harden the hearts of those inside." He pardoned Yang and Hu and had them lead several hundred horsemen around the wall, calling out, "Even Wen Qin's sons are not killed—what have the rest to fear!" He also memorialized that Yang and Hu should be made generals and granted the rank of Marquis within the Passes. Those inside the city were heartened, even as hunger and distress grew daily. Sima Zhao came in person to the siege. Seeing archers on the wall who would not shoot, he said, "It can be taken now!" He then advanced on all four sides, and at once, with drums and shouts, his men scaled the walls. In the second month, on the day yiyou, the city fell. Dan, in desperate straits, rode alone at the head of his followers through the inner citadel trying to escape. Major Hu Fen's troops struck him down and beheaded him, and his clan was exterminated to the third degree. Several hundred of Dan's followers stood with clasped hands in ranks and would not surrender. For each man beheaded, another would submit, yet in the end none yielded, until all were gone. Wu general Yu Quan said, "A great man receives his lord's commission and takes up arms to save others. If he cannot succeed and then submits bound to the enemy, I will not do that." He removed his helmet and charged the enemy line to his death. Tang Zi, Wang Zuo, and the others all surrendered. Wu troops numbered in the tens of thousands, and weapons and armor piled like mountains.
30
司馬昭初圍壽春，王基、石苞等皆欲急攻之，昭以為「壽春城固而眾多，攻之必力屈； 若有外寇，表裡受敵，此危道也。 今三叛相聚於孤城之中，天其或者使同就戮，吾當以全策縻之。 但堅守三面，若吳賊陸道而來，軍糧必少； 吾以遊兵輕騎絕其轉輸，可不戰而破也。 吳賊破，欽等必成擒矣！」 乃命諸軍按甲以守之，卒不煩攻而破。 議者又以為「淮南仍為叛逆，吳兵室家在江南，不可縱，宜悉坑之。」 昭曰：「古之用兵，全國為上，戮其元惡而已。 吳兵就得亡還，適可以示中國之大度耳。」 一無所殺，分佈三河近郡以安處之。 拜唐咨安遠將軍，其餘裨將，鹹假位號，眾皆悅服，其淮南將士吏民為誕所脅略者，皆赦之。 聽文鴦兄弟收斂父喪。 給其車牛，致葬舊墓。
When Sima Zhao first besieged Shouchun, Wang Ji, Shi Bao, and the others all wanted a swift assault. Zhao argued, "Shouchun's walls are strong and its defenders many. A direct assault would exhaust our strength; if an outside enemy came, we would be caught between two foes. That would be perilous. Now the three rebels are gathered in one isolated city. Heaven perhaps means them to perish together. I should contain them with a strategy of encirclement. Hold firm on three sides only. If Wu comes by land, their supplies must be limited; I will send roaming troops and light cavalry to cut off their supply lines. We can destroy them without giving battle. Once the Wu forces are broken, Wen Qin and the others will surely be taken without fail!" With that, he ordered the armies to hold their positions and stand on the defensive. In the end the rebels were broken without the need for a full assault. Some at council again argued, "Huainan remains rebel territory, and these Wu soldiers have wives and homes south of the Yangtze. They cannot be let go—all should be put to the sword. Zhao replied, "In warfare of old, the highest aim was to preserve the whole state; one need only execute the ringleaders. Let the Wu soldiers flee home. That will aptly demonstrate the magnanimity of the Central Plains." Not a single man was killed. They were distributed among counties near the three Huai river systems and settled there in peace. Tang Zi was appointed General Who Pacifies the Distance; the remaining subordinate commanders were all granted ranks and titles, and the troops submitted willingly. All Huainan officers, soldiers, officials, and commoners who had been coerced by Zhuge Dan were pardoned. Wen Yang and his brothers were permitted to recover their father's body for burial. Carts and oxen were provided so that the body might be borne to the family tomb for burial.
31
昭遺王基書曰：「初議者云云，求移者甚眾，時未臨履，亦謂宜然。 將軍深算利害，獨秉固志，上違詔命，下拒眾議，終至制敵禽賊，雖古人所述，不是過也。」 昭欲遣諸軍輕兵深入，招迎唐咨等子弟，因釁有滅吳之勢。 王基諫曰：「昔諸葛恪乘東關之勝，竭江表之兵以圍新城，城既不拔，而眾死者太半。 姜維因洮西之利，輕兵深入，糧餉不繼，軍覆上邽。 夫大捷之後，上下輕敵，輕敵則慮難不深。 今賊新敗於外，又內患未弭，是其修備設慮之時也。 且兵出逾年，人有歸志，今俘馘十萬，罪人斯得，自歷代征伐，未有全兵獨克如今之盛者也。 武皇帝克袁紹於官渡，自以所獲已多，不復追奔，懼挫威也。」 昭乃止，以基為征東將軍、都督揚州諸軍事，進封東武侯。
Zhao wrote to Wang Ji, saying, "At first the council debated endlessly, and many urged shifting our dispositions. The moment had not yet arrived to act, and I too believed they were right. You calculated deeply the gains and losses, held firm to your own resolve, defied the imperial edict above and rejected the counsel of the multitude below—and in the end subdued the enemy and captured the rebels. Even the greatest deeds described by the ancients were no more than this." Zhao then planned to send light forces deep into enemy territory to summon Tang Zi's sons and kin, thereby creating an opening with momentum toward the destruction of Wu. Wang Ji remonstrated, saying, "In the past Zhuge Ke, riding the victory at Dong Gate, mustered every soldier south of the Yangtze to besiege Xincheng. The city was not taken, and more than half his army was lost. Jiang Wei, exploiting the advantage at Taoxi, sent light forces deep into enemy territory, but supplies failed to keep pace and his army was destroyed at Shanggui. After a great victory, commanders and men alike grow contemptuous of the enemy; and when one despises the enemy, one does not reckon deeply with hardship. Now the enemy has just been defeated in the field, and their internal troubles are not yet settled. This is precisely the moment when they will fortify their defenses and lay their plans. Moreover our army has been in the field for more than a year, and the men long for home. We have already taken a hundred thousand captives and brought the guilty to justice. In all the campaigns of past ages, never has a whole army won so complete a victory as this. Emperor Wu defeated Yuan Shao at Guandu, yet even he judged his gains sufficient and did not pursue further, fearing to squander his prestige." Zhao thereupon desisted. He appointed Wang Ji General Who Subdues the East and Area Commander of all military affairs in Yang Province, and advanced him to Marquis of Dongwu.
32
══習鑿齒曰：君子謂司馬大將軍於是役也，可謂能以德攻矣。 夫建業者異道，各有所尚而不能兼併也。 故窮武之雄，斃於不仁； 存義之國，喪於懦退。 今一征而禽三叛，大虜吳眾，席捲淮浦，俘馘十萬，可謂壯矣。 而未及安坐，賞王基之功； 種惠吳人，結異類之情； 寵鴦葬欽，忘疇昔之隙； 不咎誕眾，使揚土懷愧。 功高而人樂其成，業廣而敵懷其德。 武昭既敷，文算又洽，推此道也，天下其孰能當之哉！
══ Xi Zuochi remarked: The wise hold that Grand General Sima in this campaign may be said to have conquered through virtue. Those who build empires follow different paths; each honors one principle and cannot embrace them all at once. Thus the champion of sheer martial force perishes through want of benevolence; and the state founded on righteousness perishes through timid retreat. Now in a single campaign he captured the three rebels, took the great host of Wu, swept the banks of the Huai, and seized a hundred thousand captives—magnificent indeed. Yet before he had even settled into his seat of victory, he rewarded Wang Ji's achievement; he sowed kindness among the people of Wu, winning the hearts of a foreign people; he honored Wen Yang and buried Wen Qin, forgetting the grudges of former days; he did not punish Zhuge Dan's followers, leaving the people of Yang Province to feel shame rather than hatred. His merit was so great that men rejoiced in his success; his enterprise so broad that even his enemies respected his virtue. His military brilliance was already manifest, and his political calculation fully in accord. Who under Heaven could withstand a man who pursued power in this fashion?
33
司馬昭之克壽春，鐘會謀畫居多； 昭親待日隆，委以腹心之任，時人比之子房。
In Sima Zhao's capture of Shouchun, Zhong Hui's planning counted for the greater part; Zhao treated him with ever greater personal favor and entrusted him with duties at the very center of power; contemporaries compared him to Zhang Liang.
34
漢姜維聞諸葛誕死，退還成都，復拜大將軍。
When Jiang Wei of Shu heard that Zhuge Dan was dead, he withdrew to Chengdu and was again appointed Grand General.
35
夏，五月，詔以司馬昭為相國，封晉公，食邑八郡，加九錫； 昭前後九讓，乃止。
In summer, in the fifth month, an edict appointed Sima Zhao Chancellor of State, enfeoffed him as Duke of Jin with a fief of eight commanderies, and granted him the Nine Bestowments; Zhao declined nine times in all, and the matter was dropped.
36
秋，七月，吳主封故齊王奮為章安侯。
In autumn, in the seventh month, the ruler of Wu enfeoffed the former Prince of Qi, Sun Fen, as Marquis of Zhang'an.
37
八月，以驃騎將軍王昶為司空。
In the eighth month, Flying Cavalry General Wang Chang was appointed Minister of Works.
38
詔以關內侯王祥為三老，鄭小同為五更，帝率群臣幸太學，行養老乞言之禮。 小同，玄之孫也。
An edict appointed Marquis Within the Passes Wang Xiang as Elder of the Three and Zheng Xiaotong as Elder of the Five; the emperor led his ministers to the Imperial Academy and performed the rites of nurturing the aged and seeking counsel. Xiaotong was the grandson of Zheng Xuan.
39
吳孫綝以吳主親覽政事，多所難問，甚懼； 返自鑊裡，遂稱疾不朝，使弟威遠將軍據入倉龍門宿衛，武衛將軍恩、偏將軍干、長水校尉闓分屯諸營，欲以自固。 吳主惡之，乃推朱公主死意，全公主懼曰：「我實不知，皆朱據二子熊、損所白。」 是時熊為虎林督、損為外部督，吳主皆殺之。 損妻，即孫峻妹也。 綝諫，不從，由是益懼。
Sun Chen of Wu, finding that the emperor personally reviewed affairs of state and often questioned him sharply, was greatly afraid; On returning from Huoli he claimed illness and stopped attending court. He posted his younger brother Ju, General Who Overawes the Distance, to garrison Canglong Gate as palace guard, while Military Guard General En, Assistant General Gan, and Colonel of the Changshui Regiment Kai were stationed at separate camps—all to strengthen his own position. The emperor hated this. He pressed the investigation into Princess Zhu's death, and Princess Quan, in fear, said, "I truly knew nothing of it—it was all reported by Zhu Ju's two sons, Xiong and Sun. At that time Xiong was Supervisor of Hulin and Sun was External Supervisor; the emperor had them both executed. Sun's wife was the younger sister of Sun Jun. Sun Chen remonstrated, but the emperor would not listen, and Chen grew still more afraid.
40
吳主陰與全公主及將軍劉丞謀誅綝。 全后父尚為太常、衛將軍，吳主謂尚子黃門侍郎紀曰：「孫綝專勢，輕小於孤。 孤前敕之使速上岸，為唐咨等作援，而留湖中不上岸一步； 又委罪於朱異，擅殺功臣，不先表聞； 築第橋南，不復朝見。 此為自在，無復所畏，不可久忍，今規取之。 卿父作中軍都督，使密嚴整士馬，孤當自出臨橋，率宿衛虎騎、左右無難一時圍之，作版詔敕絲林所領皆解散，不得舉手。 正爾，自當得之； 卿去，但當使密耳！ 卿宣詔卿父，勿令卿母知之； 女人既不曉大事，且綝同堂姊，邂逅漏洩，誤孤非小也！」 紀承詔以告尚。 尚無遠慮，以語紀母，母使人密語綝。
The emperor secretly joined Empress Quan and General Liu Cheng in a plot to kill Sun Chen. Empress Quan's father, Quan Shang, was Grand Minister of Ceremonials and Guard General. The emperor said to Shang's son, Yellow Gate Attendant Quan Ji, "Sun Chen monopolizes power and treats me with contempt. I once ordered him to come ashore at once to support Tang Zi and the others, yet he stayed on the lake and would not take one step onto land; he shifted blame onto Zhu Yi and on his own authority killed a meritorious minister without first reporting to me; he built a mansion south of the Bridge and no longer came to court. He does as he pleases and fears nothing. This cannot be endured any longer. I mean to seize him now. Your father will serve as Area Commander of the Central Army. Have him secretly drill the troops and horses. I shall go out to the Bridge in person, leading the palace guard Tiger Cavalry and the Left and Right Wunans to surround him at once, and issue an edict ordering all troops under Sun Chen's command to disband and not lift a hand. Do that, and we shall take him without fail; Go now—but tell no one! Carry the edict to your father, but do not let your mother know; women do not understand affairs of state, and Chen is her cousin on her father's side. A chance leak would ruin everything!" Ji received the edict and told Quan Shang. Quan Shang lacked foresight and told Ji's mother, who sent word secretly to Sun Chen.
41
九月，戊午，綝夜以兵襲尚，執之，遣弟恩殺劉承於蒼龍門外，比明，遂圍宮。 吳主大怒，上馬帶□建執弓欲出，曰：「孤大皇帝適子，在位已五年，誰敢不從者！」 侍中近臣及乳母共牽攀止之，不得出，歎吒不食，罵全后曰：「爾父憒憒，敗我大事！」 又遣呼紀，紀曰：「臣父奉詔不謹，負上，無面目復見。」 因自殺。 綝使光祿勳孟宗告太廟，廢吳主為會稽王。 召群臣議曰：「少帝荒病昏亂，不可以處大位，承宗廟，已告先帝廢之。 諸君若有不同者，下異議。」 皆震怖，曰：「唯將軍令！」 綝遣中書郎李崇奪吳主璽綬，以吳主罪班告遠近。 尚書桓彝不肯署名，綝怒，殺之。 典國施正勸絲林迎立琅邪王休，綝從之。 己未，綝使宗正楷與中書郎董朝迎琅邪王於會稽。 遣將軍孫耽送會稽王亮之國，亮時年十六。 徙全尚於零陵，尋追殺之，遷全公主於豫章。
In the ninth month, on the day wuwu, Sun Chen attacked Quan Shang by night, seized him, and sent his younger brother En to kill Liu Cheng outside Canglong Gate. By dawn he had surrounded the palace. The emperor was furious. He mounted his horse, girded on his arms, took up his bow, and tried to ride out, crying, "I am the Grand Emperor's legitimate heir. I have reigned five years—who would dare disobey me! Attendants and the wet nurse seized him and would not let him leave. He raged and refused food, cursing Empress Quan: "Your father is a fool—he has ruined everything! He sent again for Quan Ji. Ji said, "My father received the edict without due care and failed his sovereign. I have no face left to appear before you. Then he killed himself. Sun Chen sent Director of the Imperial Household Meng Zong to announce at the ancestral temple and deposed the emperor as King of Kuaiji. He summoned the ministers and said, "The young emperor is mad, sick, and muddled. He cannot occupy the throne or inherit the ancestral temple. I have already announced to the Former Emperor that he is deposed. If any among you disagree, speak your dissent now." All were terrified and said, "We await only the general's command! Sun Chen sent Secretariat Attendant Li Chong to seize the emperor's seal and cord and published his crimes throughout the realm. Minister of the Secretariat Huan Yi refused to sign; Sun Chen, enraged, had him killed. Director of Ceremonial Affairs Shi Zheng urged Sun Chen to welcome Langya Wang Xiu and establish him as emperor; Chen agreed. On the day jiwei, Sun Chen sent Director of the Imperial Clan Sun Kai and Secretariat Attendant Dong Chao to welcome Langya Wang from Kuaiji. He dispatched General Sun Dan to escort the deposed emperor, Sun Liang, to his fief; Liang was then sixteen. Quan Shang was exiled to Lingling, then hunted down and killed; Princess Quan was moved to Yuzhang.
42
冬，十月，戊午，琅邪王行至曲阿，有老公遮王叩頭曰：「事久變生，天下喁喁，願陛下速行！」 王善之。 是日，進及布塞亭。 孫綝以琅邪王未至，欲入居富中，召百官會議，皆惶怖失色，徒唯唯而已。 選曹郎虞汜曰：「明公為國伊、周，處將相之任，擅廢立之威，將上安宗廟，下惠百姓，大小踴躍，自以伊、霍復見。 今迎王未至而始入宮，如是，群下搖蕩，眾聽疑惑，非所以永終忠孝，揚名後世也。」 綝不懌而止。 汜，翻之子也。
In winter, in the tenth month, on the day wuwu, as Langya Wang traveled and reached Qu'e, an old man blocked his path and kowtowed, saying, "When matters drag on, trouble follows. The realm murmurs with unrest—may Your Majesty hurry on! The king approved. That same day he pressed on as far as Busei Pavilion. Because Langya Wang had not yet arrived, Sun Chen wished to enter the palace and take up residence there. He summoned the officials to council; all were terrified and could only murmur assent. Selection Bureau Attendant Yu Si said, "My lord serves the state as Yi Yin and the Duke of Zhou. You hold the rank of general and minister and wield the power to depose and establish rulers. You will secure the ancestral temple above and benefit the people below. Great and small rejoice, each thinking Yi Yin and Huo Guang have returned to the age. Yet you wish to enter the palace before the new emperor arrives. If you do, your followers will waver and the realm will be filled with doubt. That is not the way to preserve lasting loyalty and filial piety, or to leave a noble name to posterity." Sun Chen, displeased, desisted. Yu Si was the son of Yu Fan.
43
綝命弟恩行丞相事，率百僚以乘輿法駕迎琅邪王於永昌亭。 築宮，以武帳為便殿，設御坐。 己卯，王至便殿，止東廂。 孫恩奉上璽符，王三讓，乃受。 群臣以次奉引，王就乘輿，百官陪位。 綝以兵千人迎於半野，拜於道側； 王下車答拜。 即日，御正殿，大赦，改元永安。 孫綝稱「草莽臣」，詣闕上書，上印綬、節鉞，求避賢路。 吳主引見慰諭，下詔以綝為丞相、荊州牧，增邑五縣； 以恩為御史大夫、衛將軍、中軍督，封縣侯。 孫據、干、闓皆拜將軍，封侯。 又以長水校尉張布為輔義將軍，封永康侯。
Sun Chen ordered his younger brother En to act as Chancellor and lead the hundred officials with the imperial carriage and full regalia to welcome Langya Wang at Yongchang Pavilion. A residence was prepared; a military tent served as the temporary hall, and the imperial seat was set in place. On the day jimao the king arrived at the temporary hall and lodged in the east wing. Sun En presented the imperial seal and tally; the king declined three times, then accepted. The ministers led him in order of rank; the king mounted the carriage, and the hundred officials took their places beside him. Sun Chen, with a thousand troops, met him halfway and bowed at the roadside; the king descended from the carriage and returned the bow. That same day he ascended the main hall, proclaimed a general amnesty, and changed the era name to Yong'an. Sun Chen styled himself "a humble minister of the wilds," came to the palace gate and submitted a memorial, surrendered his seal, cord, and battle-axe, and asked to yield the path to worthier men. The new emperor received him in audience, comforted him, and issued an edict appointing Sun Chen Chancellor and Governor of Jing Province, increasing his fief by five counties; En was made Censor-in-Chief, Guard General, and Area Commander of the Central Army, and enfeoffed as a district marquis. Sun Ju, Gan, and Kai were all appointed generals and enfeoffed as marquises. Colonel of the Changshui Regiment Zhang Bu was also made Assistant General Who Supports Righteousness and enfeoffed as Marquis of Yongkang.
44
先是，丹楊太守李衡數以事侵琅邪王，其妻習氏諫之，衡不聽。 琅邪王上書乞徙他郡，詔徙會稽。 及琅邪王即位，李衡憂懼，謂妻曰：「不用卿言，以至於此。 吾欲奔魏，何如？」 妻曰：「不可。 君本庶民耳，先帝相拔過重，既數作無禮，而復逆自猜嫌，逃叛求活，以此北歸，何面目見中國人乎！」 衡曰：「計何所出？」 妻曰：「琅邪王素好善慕名，方欲自顯於天下，終不以私嫌殺君明矣。 可自囚詣獄，表列前失，顯求受罪。 如此，乃當逆見優饒，非但直活而已。」 衡從之。 吳主詔曰：「丹楊太守李衡，以往事之嫌，自拘司敗。 夫射鉤、斬祛，在君為君，其遣衡還郡，勿令自疑。」 又如威遠將軍，授以棨戟。
Earlier, Danyang Administrator Li Heng had repeatedly wronged Langya Wang over various matters. His wife, Lady Xi, remonstrated with him, but Heng would not listen. Langya Wang submitted a memorial asking to be transferred to another commandery, and an edict moved him to Kuaiji. When Langya Wang ascended the throne, Li Heng was filled with dread. He said to his wife, "I did not heed your counsel, and so have come to this. I mean to flee to Wei. What do you think?" His wife replied, "You must not. You were originally nothing but a commoner. The late emperor favored and elevated you far beyond your station. You have repeatedly acted without propriety, and now perversely let suspicion fill your heart—you would flee in rebellion to save your life! If you went north on that basis, with what face could you look upon the people of the Central Kingdom!" Heng asked, "What plan do you have in mind? His wife replied, "Langya Wang has always loved virtue and sought fame. He wishes to distinguish himself before the world, and it is plain he will never kill you over a private resentment. You should surrender yourself to prison, list your past offenses in a memorial, and openly ask to receive punishment. If you do this, he will in turn treat you with unexpected clemency—you will do more than merely save your life." Heng took her advice. The ruler of Wu issued an edict: "Danyang Administrator Li Heng, owing to suspicions over past affairs, has surrendered himself to the Office of Punishment. As with shooting the hook and cutting the sleeve—whoever is sovereign shall be served as sovereign. He ordered that Heng be sent back to his commandery and not left to torment himself with doubt." He also restored him as General Who Displays Distant Majesty and conferred on him the ceremonial halberd.
45
己丑，吳主封故南陽王和子皓為烏程侯。
On jichou, the ruler of Wu enfeoffed Sun Hao, son of the former Prince of Nanyang Sun He, as Marquis of Wucheng.
46
群臣奏立皇后、太子，吳主曰：「朕以寡德，奉承洪業，蒞事日淺，恩澤未敷，后妃之號，嗣子之位，非所急也。」 有司固請，吳主不許。
The ministers pressed to have an empress and crown prince appointed. The ruler of Wu said, "My virtue is slight and I have only lately inherited this vast enterprise. I have governed but a short while and have not yet showered my grace upon the realm—the titles of empress and heir are not what I need most urgently right now. The officials pressed the point, but the ruler of Wu refused.
47
孫綝奉牛酒詣吳主，吳主不受，繼詣左將軍張布。 酒酣，出怨言曰：「初廢少主時，多勸吾自為之者。 吾以陛下賢明，故迎之。 帝非我不立，今上禮見拒，是與凡臣無異，當復改圖耳。」 布以告吳主，吳主銜之，恐其有變，數加賞賜。 戊戌，吳主詔曰：「大將軍掌中外諸軍事，事統煩多，其加衛將軍、御史大夫恩侍中，與大將軍分省諸事。」 或有告綝懷怨悔上，欲圖反者，吳主執以付綝，綝殺之，由是益懼，因孟宗求出屯武昌； 吳主許之。 綝盡敕所督中營精兵萬餘人，皆令裝載，又取武庫兵器，吳主咸令給與。 綝求中書兩郎典知荊州諸軍事，主者奏中書不應外出，吳主特聽之。 其所請求，一無違者。
Sun Chen presented oxen and wine to the ruler of Wu, who declined them. Chen then went to Left General Zhang Bu. Once he was deep in his cups, he blurted out bitter complaints: "When we first deposed the young emperor, many urged me to take the throne myself. I thought Your Majesty wise and enlightened, and so I welcomed you to the throne instead. You owe your throne to me. Now you refuse me the courtesies of an audience—I am treated no better than any ordinary minister. I shall have to change my plans." Bu reported this to the ruler of Wu, who took bitter offense but, fearing Chen might turn against him, repeatedly showered him with gifts. On wuxu, the ruler of Wu issued an edict: "The Grand General commands all military affairs within and beyond the court, and the burden of his duties is immense. Let Guard General and Secretary Director Sun En also be made Palace Attendant, to divide administrative business with the Grand General. Some reported that Chen harbored resentment against the emperor and regretted having raised him to the throne, and intended rebellion. The ruler of Wu had the informants arrested and delivered to Chen, who had them killed. Chen was thus all the more terrified, and through Meng Zong asked permission to garrison Wuchang; The ruler of Wu agreed. Chen mustered the more than ten thousand elite troops of the central garrison under his command and had them load for departure, and also drew weapons from the arsenal—the ruler of Wu granted him everything. Chen asked for two Secretariat clerks to oversee military affairs in Jing Province. The responsible officials replied that Secretariat staff should not be sent abroad, but the ruler of Wu made an exception for him. Not a single request of his was denied.
48
將軍魏邈說吳主曰：「綝居外，必有變。」 武衛士施朔又告綝謀反。 吳主將討綝，密問輔義將軍張布，布曰：「左將軍丁奉，雖不能吏書，而計略過人，能斷大事。」 吳主召奉告之，且問以計畫。 奉曰：「丞相兄弟支黨甚盛，恐人心不同，不可卒制； 可因臘會有陛兵以誅之。」 吳主從之。
General Wei Miao advised the ruler of Wu, "With Chen holding power outside the capital, trouble is sure to come. Palace guard soldier Shi Shuo also reported that Chen intended to rebel. The ruler of Wu resolved to suppress Chen and secretly consulted Auxiliary General Zhang Bu. Bu said, "Left General Ding Feng, though he cannot manage written documents, surpasses others in strategy and can decide great affairs. The ruler of Wu summoned Ding Feng, told him the plan, and asked his advice. Ding Feng said, "The Chancellor and his brothers command an extensive faction. I fear opinions will be divided and we cannot seize him all at once; We can take advantage of the winter sacrificial feast, when the palace guard will be on hand, to put him to death." The ruler of Wu accepted the plan.
49
十二月，丁卯，建業中謠言明會有變，綝聞之，不悅。 夜，大風，發屋揚沙，綝益懼。 戊辰，臘會，綝稱疾不至； 吳主強起之，使者十餘輩，綝不得已，將入，眾止焉。 綝曰：「國家屢有命，不可辭。 可豫整兵，令府內起火，因是可得速還。」 遂入，尋而火起，綝求出，吳主曰：「外兵自多，不足煩丞相也。」 綝起離席，奉、布目左右縛之。 綝叩頭曰：「願徙交州。」 吳主曰：「卿何以不徙滕胤、呂據於交州乎！」 綝復曰：「願沒為官奴。」 吳主曰：「卿何不以胤、據為奴乎！」 遂斬之。 以綝首令其眾曰：「諸與綝同謀者，皆赦之。」 放仗者五千人。 孫闓乘船欲降北，追殺之。 夷綝三族，發孫峻棺，取其印綬，斫其木而埋之。
In the twelfth month, on dingmao, a rumor spread through Jianye that something would happen at the coming feast assembly; when Chen heard this, he was displeased. That night a fierce wind arose, ripping off roofs and hurling sand through the streets; Chen was all the more terrified. On wuchen, the year-end feast was held. Chen pleaded illness and stayed away; The ruler of Wu sent more than ten messengers in succession to force him to attend. Chen had no choice but to go. As he was about to enter, his followers barred his way. Chen said, "The state has repeatedly summoned me—I cannot refuse. Ready the troops beforehand and set a fire inside the mansion; then we can withdraw at once." He entered. Before long the fire broke out. Chen asked to leave, and the ruler of Wu said, "There are plenty of troops outside—there is no need for the Chancellor to go out. Chen started to rise from his seat; Ding Feng and Zhang Bu signaled the men beside them to seize and bind him. Chen kowtowed and pleaded, "I beg to be exiled to Jiaozhou. The ruler of Wu retorted, "Why did you not send Teng Yin and Lü Ju into exile in Jiaozhou! Chen pleaded again, "Then let me be made a government slave. The ruler of Wu said, "Why did you not make Yin and Ju slaves! Chen was then executed. Displaying Chen's head, he announced to Chen's followers, "All who joined Chen's plot are pardoned. Five thousand men laid down their weapons. Sun Kan tried to take ship and surrender to the north; pursuers overtook and killed him. Chen's entire clan to the third degree was wiped out. Sun Jun's coffin was opened, his seal and cord were seized, and the coffin wood was hacked apart and buried.
50
己巳，吳主以張布為中軍督。 改葬諸葛恪、滕胤、呂據等，其罹恪等事遠徒者，一切召還。 朝臣有乞為諸葛恪立碑者，吳主詔曰：「盛夏出軍，士卒傷損，無尺寸之功，不可謂能； 受托孤之任，死於豎子之手，不可謂智。」 遂寢。
On jisi, the ruler of Wu appointed Zhang Bu Director of the Central Army. Zhuge Ke, Teng Yin, Lü Ju, and others were given proper reburials, and all who had been exiled on account of Ke and his associates were summoned home. When court ministers asked to erect a monument for Zhuge Ke, the ruler of Wu replied, "He marched out troops in the height of summer. Soldiers were wounded and killed, yet he won not the slightest glory—that cannot be called competence; Entrusted with the guardianship of the orphan emperor, he died at the hands of a common bully—that cannot be called wisdom." The proposal was dropped.
51
初，漢昭烈留魏延鎮漢中，皆實兵諸圍以御外敵，敵若來攻，使不得入。 及興勢之役，王平捍拒曹爽，皆承此制。 及姜維用事，建議以為「錯守諸圍，適可禦敵，不獲大利。 不若使聞敵至，諸圍皆斂兵聚谷，退就漢、樂二城，聽敵入平，重關頭鎮守以捍之，令遊軍旁出以伺其虛。 敵攻關不克，野無散谷，千里運糧，自然疲乏； 引退之日，然後諸城並出，與遊軍並力搏之，此殄敵之術也。」 於是漢主令督漢中胡濟卻住漢壽，監軍王含守樂城，護軍蔣斌守漢城。
Earlier, when Emperor Zhaolie of Han left Wei Yan to guard Hanzhong, he manned the surrounding forts with real troops to hold off invaders; should the enemy attack, they were prevented from breaking in. At the Battle of Xingshi, when Wang Ping held off Cao Shuang, he followed this same system. After Jiang Wei took control, he argued that "scattering troops among the surrounding forts can only ward off the enemy; it brings no great advantage. It would be better to wait until the enemy is reported near, then have every fort pull in its troops and grain and fall back on the two cities of Han and Le. Let the enemy onto the plain while strong garrisons hold the barrier passes, and dispatch raiding columns to strike where the enemy is weak. When the enemy fails to take the passes and finds no grain in the fields, they must haul supplies a thousand li—they will naturally wear themselves out; and on the day they withdraw, every stronghold can sally forth together while the raiding columns join in the assault—this is the way to annihilate an invader." The ruler of Han accordingly ordered Supervisor of Hanzhong Hu Ji to fall back and hold Hanshou, Army Supervisor Wang Han to defend Lecheng, and Protector of the Army Jiang Bin to defend Hancheng.
52
高貴鄉公下甘露四年（ 己卯，公元二五九年）
Under the Duke of Gaoguixiang, fourth year of Ganlu ( the year jimao, AD 259)
53
春，正月，黃龍二見寧陵井中。 先是，頓丘、冠軍、陽夏進中屢有龍見，群臣以為吉祥，帝曰：「龍者，君德也，上不在天，下不在田，而數屈於井，非嘉兆也。」 作《潛龍詩》以自諷，司馬昭見而惡之。
In spring, in the first month, a pair of yellow dragons appeared in a well at Ningling. Previously, at Dunqiu, Guanjun, Yangxia, and Jinying, dragons had appeared again and again. The ministers hailed these as good omens, but the emperor said, "The dragon embodies the virtue of a ruler. It should belong neither above in Heaven nor below in the fields, yet repeatedly it is trapped in wells—this is no happy sign. He composed the "Poem of the Hidden Dragon" as a self-admonition, and when Sima Zhao read it, he took offense.
54
夏，六月，京陵穆侯王昶卒。
In summer, in the sixth month, Wang Chang, Marquis of Jingling, died.
55
漢主封其子諶為北地王，恂為新興王，虔為上黨王。 尚書令陳祗以巧佞有寵於漢主，姜維雖位在祗上，而多率眾在外，希親朝政，權任不及祗。 秋，八月，丙子，祗卒； 漢主以僕射義陽董厥為尚書令，尚書諸葛瞻為僕射。
The ruler of Han enfeoffed his sons Liu Chen as Prince of Beidi, Liu Xun as Prince of Xinxing, and Liu Qian as Prince of Shangdang. Director of the Masters of Writing Chen Zhi won the ruler of Han's favor through flattering cleverness. Although Jiang Wei outranked him, Wei spent most of his time leading armies in the field and seldom came near court politics, and so his power and trust did not equal Zhi's. In autumn, in the eighth month, on bingzi, Zhi died; The ruler of Han made Vice Director Dong Jue of Yiyang Director of the Masters of Writing, and Director Zhuge Zhan Vice Director.
56
冬，十一月，車騎將軍孫壹為婢所殺。
In winter, in the eleventh month, Sun Yi, General of Chariots and Cavalry, was killed by a maidservant.
57
是歲，以王基為征南將軍，都督荊州諸軍事。
That year, Wang Ji was appointed General Who Campaigns to the South and put in overall command of military affairs in Jing Province.
58
元皇帝上
Emperor Yuan, Part One
59
高貴鄉公下景元元年（ 庚辰，公元二六零年）
Under the Duke of Gaoguixiang, first year of Jingyuan ( the year gengchen, AD 260)
60
春，正月，朔，日有食之。
In spring, in the first month, on the new moon, there was a solar eclipse.
61
夏，四月，詔有司率遵前命，復進大將軍昭位相國，封晉公，加九錫。
In summer, in the fourth month, an edict ordered the responsible officials to follow the previous command without delay and again promote Grand General Zhao to Chancellor of State, enfeoff him as Duke of Jin, and grant him the Nine Bestowals.
62
帝見威權日去，不勝其忿。 五月，己丑，召侍中王沈、尚書王經、散騎常侍王業，謂曰：「司馬昭之心，路人所知也。 吾不能坐受廢辱，今日當與卿自出討之。」 王經曰：「昔魯昭公不忍季氏，敗走失國，為天下笑。 今權在其門，為日久矣。 朝廷四方皆為之致死，不顧逆順之理，非一日也。 且宿衛空闕，兵甲寡弱，陛下何所資用； 而一旦如此，無乃欲除疾而更深之邪！ 禍殆不測，宜見重詳。」 帝乃出懷中黃素詔投地曰：「行之決矣！ 正使死何懼，況不必死邪！」 於是入白太后。 沈、業奔走告昭，呼經欲與俱，經不從。 帝遂拔劍升輦，率殿中宿衛蒼頭官僮鼓噪而出。 昭弟屯騎校尉人由遇帝於東止車門，左右呵之，人由眾奔走。 中護軍賈充自外入，逆與帝戰於南闕下，帝自用劍。 眾欲退，騎督成人卒弟太子舍人濟問充曰：「事急矣，當雲何？」 充曰； 「司馬公畜養汝等，正為今日。 今日之事，無所問也！」 濟即抽戈前刺帝，殞於車下。 昭聞之，大驚，自投於地。 太傅孚奔往，枕帝股而哭，甚哀，曰； 「殺陛下者，臣之罪也！」
The emperor watched his authority slip away day by day and could not contain his fury. In the fifth month, on jichou, he summoned Attendant-in-Ordinary Wang Shen, Director of the Masters of Writing Wang Jing, and Regular Attendant Wang Ye, and said, "Sima Zhao's ambitions are plain to every man in the street. I will not sit still and accept humiliation and deposition. Today I shall ride out with you to attack him." Wang Jing said, "Long ago Duke Zhao of Lu could not tolerate the Ji clan. He was defeated, fled, and lost his state, and became a laughingstock to the world. Today power rests in the Sima house and has done so for a long time. Men throughout the court and the empire will die for them without reckoning right or wrong—and this has been so for more than a day. Moreover the imperial guard is understrength and arms are few—what force does Your Majesty have to rely on; and to act on a sudden impulse like this—is it not like trying to cure an illness and driving the knife in deeper! The peril is beyond reckoning. Your Majesty ought to reconsider at length." The emperor then drew the yellow silk edict from his robe, flung it to the ground, and cried, "I have made up my mind! Let me die if I must—what is there to fear? I may not die at all!" He then went in to inform the empress dowager. Wang Shen and Wang Ye rushed off to warn Zhao and called for Wang Jing to come with them; Jing refused. The emperor drew his sword, mounted his carriage, and led out the palace guards, personal attendants, and eunuchs, shouting as they marched. Zhao's younger brother Ren You, Colonel of the Cavalry Guard for the Retinue, met the emperor at the East Halting Gate. The emperor's escort shouted him down, and Ren You fled pell-mell through the crowd. Central Protector of the Army Jia Chong came in from outside and met the emperor in combat beneath the southern gate; the emperor fought with his own sword. The soldiers were about to fall back when Ji, younger brother of Cavalry Supervisor Cheng Ji and an attache of the heir apparent, asked Chong, "Matters are desperate—what shall we do? Chong replied; "The Duke of Sima has kept and fed you for this very day. Today's affair permits no hesitation!" Ji immediately drew his spear and ran the emperor through; the emperor fell dead beside the carriage. When Zhao heard the news, he was stricken with alarm and threw himself to the ground. Grand Tutor Fu rushed forward, pillowed his head on the emperor's thigh, and wept in anguish, saying; "The killing of Your Majesty is my fault!"
63
昭入殿中，召群臣會議。 尚書左僕射陳泰不至，昭使其舅尚書荀顗召之，泰曰：「世之論者以泰方於舅，今舅不如泰也。」 子弟內外鹹共逼之，乃入，見昭，悲慟。 昭亦對之泣曰：「玄伯，卿何以處我？」 泰曰：「獨有斬賈充，少可以謝天下耳。」 昭久之曰：「卿更思其次。」 泰曰：「泰言惟有進於此，不知其次。」 昭乃不復更言。 顗，彧之子也。
Zhao entered the palace hall and convened the ministers for deliberation. Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing Chen Tai did not appear. Zhao sent his maternal uncle, Master of Writing Xun Yi, to fetch him. Tai said, "People who talk about such things compare me with my uncle—and now my uncle is not my equal." Relatives young and old, near and far, all pressed him together; at last he went in, saw Zhao, and wept in anguish. Zhao wept in turn and said, "Xuanbo, what am I to do? Tai said, "There is only one course: execute Jia Chong. That alone might begin to satisfy the realm." After a long silence Zhao said, "Think of some lesser remedy." Tai said, "What I have proposed can only be taken further, not reduced. I know no lesser course." Zhao said nothing more. Yi was the son of Xun Yu.
64
太后下令，罪狀高貴鄉公，廢為庶人，葬以民禮。 收王經及其家屬付廷尉。 經謝其母，母顏色不變，笑而應曰：「人誰不死，正恐不得其所」以此並命，何恨之有！ 及就誅，故吏向雄哭，哀動一市。 王沈以功封安平侯。 庚寅，太傅孚等上言，請以王禮葬高貴鄉公，太后許之。 使中護軍司馬炎迎燕王宇之子常道鄉公璜於鄴，以為明帝嗣。 炎，昭之子也。
The empress dowager issued an edict enumerating the Duke of Gaoguixiang's crimes, deposed him to commoner status, and ordered him buried with the rites due a private citizen. Wang Jing and his household were arrested and handed over to the Minister of Justice. Jing bade farewell to his mother. Her face did not change; smiling, she answered, "Who does not die? I only fear dying in the wrong way." To die together like this— what is there to regret! When the execution was carried out, his former subordinate Xiang Xiong wept so bitterly that the whole marketplace was shaken with grief. Wang Shen was enfeoffed as Marquis of Anping for his part in the affair. On the gengyin day, Grand Tutor Fu and others memorialized the throne asking that the Duke of Gaoguixiang be buried with princely honors; the empress dowager consented. He dispatched Central Protector of the Army Sima Yan to Ye to bring back Changdao Township Duke Huang, son of Prince of Yan Cao Yu, as the successor to Emperor Ming. Yan was Zhao's son.
65
辛卿，群公奏太后自今令書皆稱詔制。
On the xinqing day, the assembled ministers memorialized the empress dowager that henceforth her orders and written instructions should all be styled edicts and statutes.
66
癸卿，司馬昭固讓相國、晉公、九錫之命，太后詔許之。
On the guiqing day, Sima Zhao firmly declined the appointments as Chancellor, Duke of Jin, and bearer of the Nine Bestowals; the empress dowager issued an edict accepting his refusal.
67
戊申，昭上言：「成濟兄弟大逆不道。」 夷其族。
“On the wushen day, Zhao submitted a memorial stating that the brothers Cheng Ji had committed the gravest treason.” Their entire clan was exterminated.
68
六月，癸丑，太后詔常道鄉公更名奐。 甲寅，常道鄉公入洛陽，是日，即皇帝位，年十五，大赦，改元。
In the sixth month, on the guichou day, the empress dowager decreed that Changdao Township Duke should take the name Huan. On the jiayin day, Changdao Township Duke entered Luoyang; that same day he took the throne. He was fifteen. A general amnesty was proclaimed and the era name was changed.
69
丙辰，詔進司馬昭爵位九錫如前，昭固讓，乃止。
On the bingchen day, an edict again offered Sima Zhao advancement in rank, enfeoffment, and the Nine Bestowals as before; Zhao firmly declined, and the matter was dropped.
70
癸亥，以尚書左僕射王觀為司空。
On the guihai day, Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing Wang Guan was appointed Minister of Works.
71
吳都尉嚴密建議作浦裡塘，群臣皆以為難； 唯衛將軍陳留濮陽興以為可成，遂會諸軍民就作，功費不可勝數，士卒多死亡，民大愁怨。
Wu Commandant Yan Mi proposed building the Puli embankment pond; all the ministers considered the project impracticable; Only Defender-in-Chief Yang Xing of Puyang in Chenliu thought it could be done. Troops and civilians were massed for the labor; the cost in effort and treasure was beyond reckoning, many soldiers died, and the people were deeply embittered.
72
會稽郡謠言王亮當還為天子，而亮宮人告亮使巫禱祠，有惡言，有司以聞。 吳主黜亮為候官侯，遣之國； 亮自殺，衛送者皆伏罪。 冬，十月，陽鄉肅侯王觀卒。
In Kuaiji commandery a ballad spread saying Wang Liang would return to become emperor. Meanwhile, women of Liang's household reported that he had employed shamans to pray and sacrifice with seditious words; the authorities reported the matter. The ruler of Wu degraded Liang to Marquis of Houguan and sent him away to his fief; Liang killed himself, and those who had guarded and escorted him were all punished. In the tenth month of winter, Wang Guan, Marquis Su of Yangxiang, died.
73
十一月，詔尊燕王，待以殊禮。
In the eleventh month, an edict elevated the Prince of Yan and accorded him exceptional honors.
74
十二月，甲午，以司隸校尉王祥為司空。
In the twelfth month, on the jiawu day, Director of the Masters of Writing for the Capital Region Wang Xiang was appointed Minister of Works.
75
尚書王沈為豫州刺史。 初到，下教敕屬城及士民曰：「若有能陳長吏可否，說百姓所患者，給谷五百斛。 若說刺史得失、朝政寬猛者，給谷千斛。」 主簿陳廞、褚□入白曰：「教旨思聞苦言，示以勸賞。 竊恐拘介之士或憚賞而不言，貪昧之人將慕利而妄舉。 苛不合宜，賞不虛行，則遠聽者未知當否之所在，徒見言之不用，謂設而不行。 愚以告下之事可小須後。」 沈又教曰：「夫興益於上，受分於下，斯乃君子之操，何不言之有！」 褚□復白曰：「堯、舜、周公所以能致忠諫者，以其款誠之心著也。 冰炭不言而冷熱之質自明者，以其有實也。 若好忠直，如冰炭之自然，則諤諤之言將不求而自至。 若德不足以配唐、虞，明不足以並周公，實不可以同冰炭，是懸重賞，忠諫之言未可致也。」 沈乃止。
Master of Writing Wang Shen was appointed Inspector of Yuzhou. When he first took up his post, he issued an instruction to the subordinate commanderies and to gentry and commoners alike: "Anyone who can report whether local officials are fit for office, or describe the people's hardships, will receive five hundred hu of grain. Anyone who speaks of the inspector's merits and failings, or of whether court policy is too lenient or too harsh, will receive one thousand hu of grain." His chief clerks Chen Yin and Chu Lüe came in to report, "Your instruction shows that you wish to hear plain, unwelcome counsel and that you mean to encourage it with rewards. We fear that principled men may keep silent for fear of seeming to chase a prize, while the greedy and corrupt will invent charges to win the grain. If the standards are unsuitable and rewards are not truly paid out, those far away will not know what is right or wrong; they will only see that words go unheeded and conclude that the offer was made but never meant. We would respectfully suggest that this proclamation to the people be postponed a little." Shen issued another instruction: "When superiors create benefits and subordinates receive their share, that is the way of a gentleman— why should anyone fail to speak up!" Chu Lüe reported again, "Yao, Shun, and the Duke of Zhou were able to draw forth loyal remonstrance because their own sincerity was plain for all to see. Ice and charcoal need not speak for their cold and heat to be known— because their nature is real. If you truly love loyalty and straight talk as naturally as ice differs from fire, blunt counsel will come without being sought. If your virtue does not match that of Tang and Yu, your wisdom does not equal the Duke of Zhou's, and your substance is not as real as ice and charcoal, then hanging out heavy rewards will not bring loyal remonstrance." Shen then dropped the matter.
76
高貴鄉公下景元二年（ 辛巳，公元二六一年）
Under the Duke of Gaoguixiang, second year of Jingyuan ( the year xinsi, AD 261)
77
春，三月，襄陽太守胡烈表言：「吳將鄧由、李光等十八屯同謀歸化，遣使送質任，欲令郡兵臨江迎拔。」 詔王基部分諸軍徑造沮水以迎之。 「若由等如期到者，便當因此震盪江表。」 基馳驛遺司馬昭書，說由等可疑之狀，「且當清澄，未宜便舉重兵深入應之。」 又曰：「夷陵東西道皆險狹，竹木叢蔚，卒有要害，弩馬不陳。 今者筋角濡弱，水潦方降，廢盛農之務，徼難必之利，此事之危者也。 姜維之趣上圭阜，文欽之據壽春，皆深入求利，以取覆沒，此近事之鑒戒也。 嘉平已來，累有內難，當今之宜，當務鎮安社稷，撫寧上下，力農務本，懷柔百姓，未宜動眾以求外利也。」 昭累得基書，意狐疑，敕諸軍已上道者，且權停住所在，須候節度。 基復遺昭書曰：「昔漢祖納酈生之說，欲封六國，寤張良之謀而趣銷印。 基謀慮淺短，誠不及留侯，亦懼襄陽有食其之謬。」 昭於是罷兵，報基書曰：「凡處事者多曲相從順，鮮能確然共盡理實，誠感忠愛，每見規示，輒依來旨，已罷軍嚴。」 既而由等果不降。 烈，奮之弟也。
In the third month of spring, Administrator of Xiangyang Hu Lie memorialized the throne: "Wu generals Deng You and Li Guang, together with eighteen garrison posts, have conspired to defect. They have sent envoys with hostages and ask that our commandery troops cross the river to receive them." An edict ordered Wang Ji to deploy the armies and march straight to the Ju River to receive them. "If You and the others arrive on schedule, we should use the opportunity to shake the south of the Yangzi." Ji sent an urgent dispatch to Sima Zhao describing the suspicious circumstances surrounding You and the others: "We should first verify the facts. It is not yet wise to commit a large force and advance deep into enemy country in response." He added, "The eastern and western routes through Yiling are narrow and treacherous, choked with bamboo and forest. At a sudden choke point, neither archers nor cavalry can be brought into formation. Right now bowstrings and horn are sodden and weak, the rains are just beginning, peak farming season is being abandoned, and we would gamble on uncertain gains— this is a dangerous course. Jiang Wei's thrust toward Shanggui and Wen Qin's occupation of Shouchun both pushed deep for gain and ended in ruin— recent lessons close at hand. Since the Jiaping era we have suffered repeated internal crises. The urgent task now is to stabilize the state, reassure court and country, devote ourselves to agriculture, and care for the people— not to mobilize armies in pursuit of external gain." Zhao received letter after letter from Ji and grew uncertain. He ordered the armies already on the march to halt where they were for the time being and await further orders. Ji wrote again to Zhao: "Long ago Emperor Gao of Han accepted Li Yiji's advice and was ready to enfeoff the Six States; then he heeded Zhang Liang and hurried to destroy the seals. My counsel is shallow and I am no match for the Marquis of Liu, but I fear Xiangyang may be repeating Yiji's mistake." Zhao then stood the armies down and wrote back to Ji: "In affairs of state most men simply agree with whatever is proposed; few speak plainly to the truth. I am deeply moved by your loyalty. Whenever you counsel me I follow your meaning. The troops have already been stood down." In the end, You and the others did not defect after all. Hu Lie was the younger brother of Hu Fen.
78
秋，八月，甲寅，覆命司馬昭進爵位如前，不受。
In the eighth month of autumn, on the jiayin day, Sima Zhao was again offered advancement in rank and enfeoffment as before; he declined.
79
冬，十月，漢主以董厥為輔國大將軍，諸葛瞻為都護、衛將軍，共平尚書事，以侍中樊建為尚書令。 時中常侍黃皓用事，厥、瞻皆不能矯正，士大夫多附之，唯建不與皓往來。 秘書令郤正久在內職，與皓比屋，周旋三十餘年，澹然自守，以書自娛，既不為皓所愛，亦不為皓所憎，故官不過六百石，而亦不罹其禍。 漢主弟甘陵王永憎皓，皓譖之，使十年不得朝見。 吳主使五官中郎將薛珝聘於漢，及還，吳主問漢政得失，對曰：「主暗而不知其過，臣下容身以求免罪，入其朝不聞直言，經其野民皆菜色。 臣聞燕雀處堂，子母相樂，自以為至安也，突決棟焚，而燕雀怡然不知禍之將及，其是之謂乎！」 珝，綜之子也。
In the tenth month of winter, the Han ruler appointed Dong Jue General Who Supports the State, made Zhuge Zhan Director-General and Defender-in-Chief to share oversight of the Masters of Writing, and appointed Attendant-in-Ordinary Fan Jian Director of the Masters of Writing. At the time the eunuch Huang Hao held power. Neither Dong Jue nor Zhuge Zhan could check him. Many officials attached themselves to Hao; only Fan Jian refused to have dealings with him. Secretariat Director Xi Zheng had long served in the inner offices, lived next door to Hao, and moved in the same circles for more than thirty years. He kept himself aloof and amused himself with books. Hao neither favored nor hated him, so his rank never rose above six-hundred-bushel level— yet he also escaped harm. The Han ruler's younger brother, Prince Yong of Ganling, despised Hao. Hao slandered him, and for ten years the prince was barred from attending court. The ruler of Wu sent Palace Gentleman Xue Xu on a diplomatic mission to Han. On his return, the Wu ruler asked about the state of Han governance. Xu replied, "The ruler is benighted and does not know his own faults; his ministers merely save themselves to avoid punishment. In his court one hears no plain speaking; in his countryside the people wear the look of famine. I have heard that when swallows and sparrows nest in the rafters, mother and young take their ease and think themselves perfectly secure— then the beam splits and the house catches fire, yet the birds remain content, unaware that ruin is near. Is this not exactly what we see?" Xue Xu was the son of Xue Zong.
80
是歲，鮮卑索頭部大人拓跋力微，始遣其子沙漠汗入貢，因留為質。 力微之先世居北荒，不交南夏。 至可汗毛，始強大，統國三十六，大姓九十九。 後五世至可汗推寅，南遷大澤。 又七世至可汗鄰，使其兄弟七人及族人乙旃氏、車惃氏分統部眾為十族。 鄰老，以位授其子詰汾，使南遷，遂居匈奴故地。 詰汾卒，力微立，復徙居定襄之盛樂，部眾浸盛，諸部皆畏服之。
That year Tuoba Liwei, chieftain of the Suotou Xianbei, sent his son Shamo Han to pay tribute for the first time and left him behind as a hostage. Liwei's ancestors had lived in the northern wastes and had no contact with the Chinese south. Under Khan Mao they first grew powerful, ruling thirty-six states and ninety-nine great clans. Five generations later, under Khan Tuiyin, they migrated south to the Great Marsh. Seven generations after that, under Khan Lin, he had his seven brothers and the clans Yizhan and Chehun divide the tribes into ten groups. When Lin grew old, he passed leadership to his son Jiefen and sent him south; they settled in the former Xiongnu territory. After Jiefen died, Liwei succeeded him. They moved again to Shengle in Dingxiang; their following steadily grew, and all the tribes came to fear and obey him.