1
資治通鑑第083卷
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 83
2
【晉紀五】起屠維協洽，盡目章涒灘，凡二年。
[Jin Records 5] runs from the year gengwu through guisi, spanning two years in all.
3
孝惠皇帝上之下元康九年（ 己未，公元二九九年）
Under Emperor Hui of Jin, Yuankang, year 9 ( jiwei, CE 299)
4
春，正月，孟觀大破氐眾於中亭，獲齊萬年。
In spring, the first month, Meng Guan routed the Di forces at Zhongting and took Qi Wannian prisoner.
5
太子洗馬陳留江統以為戎、狄亂華，宜早絕其原，乃作《徙戎論》以警朝廷曰：「夫夷、蠻、戎、狄，地在要荒，禹平九土而西戎即敘。 其性氣貪婪，凶悍不仁。 四夷之中，戎、狄為甚，弱則畏服，強則侵叛。 當其強也，以漢之高祖困於白登，孝文軍於霸上； 及其弱也，以元、成之微而單于入朝。 此其已然之效也。 是以有道之君牧夷、狄也，惟以待之有備，御之有常，雖稽顙執贄，而邊城不弛固守，強暴為寇，而兵甲不加遠征，期令境內獲安，疆場不侵而已。
Jiang Tong of Chenliu, Groom of the Heir Apparent, argued that the Rong and Di were already unsettling the realm and that their root cause should be severed at once. He wrote the "Discourse on Relocating the Rong" to admonish the court, saying: "The Yi, Man, Rong, and Di inhabit the far marches. After Yu brought order to the nine domains, the western Rong at once came to allegiance. By nature they are greedy, brutal, and devoid of human feeling. Of the four barbarian peoples, the Rong and Di are the most troublesome: when weak they bow in awe, when strong they raid and revolt. When they grew strong, Han Gaozu was trapped at Baideng and Emperor Wen camped at Bashang; when they weakened, under the enfeebled reigns of Yuan and Cheng the Chanyu presented himself at court. This is the pattern history has already shown. That is why a ruler who holds to the Way deals with the Yi and Di by standing ready and governing them through steady discipline. Even when they prostrate themselves and bring tribute, frontier garrisons never slacken their guard; even when they turn violent and raid, no distant punitive expedition is launched—the goal is only domestic tranquility and an unmolested border.
6
「及至周室失統，諸侯專征，封疆不固，而利害異心，戎、狄乘間，得入中國，或招誘安撫以為己用，自是四夷交侵，與中國錯居。 及秦始皇並天下，兵威旁達，攘胡走越，當是時，中國無復四夷也。
"But when the Zhou royal house lost control and the feudal lords fought wars on their own, borders ceased to hold and loyalties split. The Rong and Di seized the chance to enter the Central States, some lords even recruiting and appeasing them for private ends. From that point the four Yi pressed in from every side and lived mixed among the Chinese. When the First Emperor of Qin united the empire and his armies reached to every quarter, he swept the Hu aside and drove the Yue away; for a time China was again free of the four Yi.
7
「漢建武中，馬援領隴西太守，討叛羌，徙其餘種於關中，居馮翊、河東空地。 數歲之後，族類蕃息，既恃其肥強，且苦漢人侵之； 永初之元，群羌叛亂，覆沒將守，屠破城邑，鄧騭敗北，侵及河內。 十年之中，夷、夏俱敝，任尚、馬賢，僅乃克之。 自此之後，餘燼不盡，小有際會，輒復侵叛，中世之寇，惟此為大。 魏興之初，與蜀分隔，疆場之戎，一彼一此。 武帝徙武都氐於秦州，欲以弱寇強國，扞御蜀虜，此蓋權宜之計，非萬世之利也。 今者當之，已受其敝矣。
"Under Emperor Guangwu of Han, Ma Yuan served as Administrator of Longxi, put down rebellious Qiang bands, and moved the survivors into Guanzhong, placing them on empty land in Fufeng and Hedong. Within a few years their numbers swelled. Trusting in their new strength and bitter over Han oppression, in the first year of Yongchu the Qiang rebelled en masse, wiping out commanders and garrisons and ravaging towns. Deng Sui suffered defeat in the north, and the turmoil reached Henei. For ten years barbarian and Chinese alike were worn down; only Ren Shang and Ma Xian barely managed to suppress the uprising. Afterward the embers were never fully stamped out; at the slightest chance they rebelled again. Among the calamities of the middle Han, none proved greater. When Wei first rose and was separated from Shu, the frontier Rong were likewise divided between the two realms. Emperor Wu of Jin moved the Di of Wudu into Qinzhou, hoping to weaken the enemy, strengthen the state, and block Shu. That was an expedient, not a policy that would profit all posterity. Today we are already paying the price.
8
「夫關中土沃物豐，帝王所居，未聞戎、狄宜在此土也。 非我族類，其心必異。 而因其衰敝，遷之畿服，士庶玩習，侮其輕弱，使其怨恨之氣毒於骨髓； 至於蕃育眾盛，則坐生其心。 以貪悍之性，挾憤怒之情，候隙乘便，輒為橫逆； 而居封域之內，無障塞之隔，掩不備之人，收散野之積，故能為禍滋蔓，暴害不測，此必然之勢，已驗之事也。 當今之宜，宜及兵威方盛，眾事未罷，徙馮翊、北地、新平、安定界內諸羌，著先零、罕幵、析支之地，徙撫風、始平、京兆之氐，出還隴右，著陰平、武都之界，廩其道路之糧，令足自致，各附本種，反其舊土，使屬國、撫夷就安集之。 戎、晉不雜，並得其所，縱有猾夏之心，風塵之警，則絕遠中國，隔閡山河，雖為寇暴，所害不廣矣。
"Guanzhong is rich soil in a land of plenty, the seat of emperors and kings. No one has ever said the Rong and Di belong there. They are not of our kind; their hearts cannot be the same as ours. Yet when they were weak we moved them into the heartland. Officials and commoners learned to treat them lightly and bully them, until hatred settled deep in their bones; and once they bred and grew strong, rebellion arose of itself. Driven by greedy, violent natures and smoldering rage, they watch for chances and seize them to run riot; and because they live inside the realm itself with no barrier between them, they can strike the unwary and gather grain from the open countryside. Disaster therefore spreads and violence erupts without warning. That is the inevitable course, and history has already proved it. The right move now, while our armies are still strong and the campaign not yet wound down, is to move every Qiang within Fufeng, Beidi, Xinping, and Anding back to the territories of Xianling, Hanqian, and Qizhi; to send the Di of Fufeng, Shiping, and Jingzhao out again to Longyou and resettle them on the Yinping and Wudu frontier; to provision their routes so they can travel under their own power, rejoin their clans, and return to their old lands, with the Dependent States and Pacification offices there to receive and settle them. Rong and Jin would no longer be intermingled, and each people would have its proper place. Even if they still meant to harm the Chinese or war broke out, they would be far from the heartland, cut off by mountains and rivers. They might raid, but the damage would stay limited.
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「難者曰：氐寇新平，關中饑疫，百姓悉苦，咸望寧息； 而欲使疲悴之眾，徒自猜之寇，恐勢盡力屈，緒業不卒，前害未及弭而後變復橫出矣。 答曰：子以今者群氐為尚挾餘資，悔惡反善，懷我德惠而來柔附乎？ 將勢窮道盡，智力俱困，懼我兵誅以至於此乎？ 曰：無有餘力，勢窮道盡故也。 然則我能制其短長之命，而令其進退由己矣。 夫樂其業者不易事，安其居者無遷志。 方其自疑危懼，畏怖促遽，故可制以兵威，使之左右無違也，迨其死亡流散，離逖未鳩，與關中之人，戶皆為仇，故可遐遷遠處，令其心不懷土也。 夫聖賢之謀事也，為之於未有，治之於未亂，道不著而平，德不顯而成。 其次則能轉禍為福，因敗為攻，值困必濟，遇否能通。 今子遭敝事之終而不圖更制之始，愛易轍之勤而遵覆車之軌，何哉！ 且關中之人百餘萬口，率其少多，戎、狄居半，處之與遷，必須口實。 若有窮乏，糝粒不繼者，故當傾關中之谷，以全其生生之計，必無擠於溝壑而不為侵掠之害也。 今我遷之，傳食而至，附其種疾族，自使相贍，而秦地之人得其半谷，此為濟行者以廩糧，遺居者以積倉，寬關中之逼，去盜賊之原，除旦夕之損，建終年之益。 若憚暫舉之小勞而忘永逸之弘策，惜日月之煩苦而遺累世之寇敵，非所謂能創業垂統，謀及子孫者也。
A critic objected: The Di rebellion has only just been put down. Guanzhong is stricken with famine and plague. The people are exhausted and crave only peace; yet you would make this worn-out population move a people who already suspect you. Strength may fail, the work may never finish, the first disaster not yet healed before a second erupts. He answered: "Do you imagine today's Di still have reserves of strength, have repented and turned good, and submit out of gratitude for our kindness? Or is it that their power is spent, their options gone, their wits and strength exhausted, and they bow only because they fear our arms? The answer is clear: they have no surplus strength left; their power is spent and their way blocked. If that is so, we can command the length of their lives and decide when they advance or retreat. Those content with their trade do not lightly change it; those settled in their homes have no wish to leave. While they are still uneasy, afraid, and desperate, military force can compel them to obey without resistance. Once they have been broken, scattered, and estranged, every household in Guanzhong their enemy, they can be sent far away so their hearts no longer cling to the land. Sages plan before trouble exists and govern before chaos breaks out. Peace comes without displaying the Way; success comes without parading virtue. The next best can turn disaster into blessing, build victory out of defeat, rescue the desperate, and find a way through obstruction. Yet you stand at the end of a ruined policy and refuse to plan a new beginning. You shrink from the trouble of changing course yet follow the rut of the overturned cart. Why? Besides, Guanzhong holds more than a million people, and by rough count the Rong and Di are half of them. Whether they stay or go, every mouth must be fed. If any lack food and cannot even get coarse grain, Guanzhong's stores should be opened to keep them alive, so none are pushed into desperation and turn to plunder. Move them now, provision the road until they arrive, let them rejoin their clans and support one another, and the people of Qin will recover half their grain. Travelers gain rations on the march, those who stay keep fuller stores, Guanzhong's crowding eases, the root of banditry is cut, today's losses end, and a benefit is secured for years ahead. To shrink from brief hardship and forget a policy of lasting peace, to spare a few months of trouble and leave enemies to posterity—that is not how one founds an enterprise, hands down a legacy, or plans for one's descendants.
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「并州之胡，本實匈奴桀惡之寇也，建安中，使右賢王去卑誘質呼廚泉，聽其部落散居六郡。 咸熙之際，以一部太強，分為三率，泰始之初，又增為四； 於是劉猛內叛，連結外虜，近者郝散之變，發於穀遠。 今五部之眾，戶至數萬，人口之盛，過於西戎； 其天性驍勇，弓馬便利，倍於氐、羌。 若有不虞風塵之慮，則并州之域可為寒心。
"The Hu of Bingzhou were originally the most brutal enemies of the Xiongnu. In the Jian'an era the court sent the Right Worthy King Qubie to entice Huchuquan into hostage status and allowed his tribes to scatter across six commanderies. Under Xianxi one division grew too powerful and was split into three commandants; at the start of Taishi a fourth was added; then Liu Meng rebelled from within and allied with outside tribes; the recent Hao San uprising began in Guyuan. Today the five divisions count tens of thousands of households, their population greater than that of the western Rong; by nature they are fierce horsemen, doubly dangerous compared with the Di and Qiang. Should war break out unexpectedly, Bingzhou would be grounds for grave alarm.
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「正始中，毌丘儉討句驪，徙其餘種於滎陽。 始徙之時，戶落百數； 子孫孳息，今以千計； 數世之後，必至殷熾。 今百姓失職，猶或亡叛，犬馬肥充，則有噬嚙，況於夷、狄，能不為變！ 但顧其微弱，勢力不逮耳。
"In the Zhengshi era Guanqiu Jian attacked Goguryeo and moved the survivors to Xingyang. At first only a few hundred households were moved; their descendants have multiplied until they number in the thousands; and after a few more generations they will surely grow overwhelming. Even Chinese who lose their livelihood sometimes flee and rebel. Well-fed dogs and horses will bite. How much more will the Yi and Di refuse to turn violent! Only their present weakness keeps their power from matching their intent.
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「夫為邦者，憂不在寡而在不安，以四海之廣，士民之富，豈須夷虜在內然後取足哉！ 此等皆可申諭發遣，還其本域，慰彼羈旅懷土之思，釋我華夏纖介之憂，惠此中國，以綏四方，德施永世，於計為長也！」 朝廷不能用。
"A ruler's worry is not scarcity but disorder. With the empire so vast and its people so numerous, must we keep barbarians inside our borders before we have enough! All of them can be instructed and sent home to their own lands, easing their longing as strangers abroad, lifting the slightest anxiety from the Chinese heartland, benefiting the central realm and pacifying the four quarters. A policy whose virtue would last for ages—that is the far-sighted course!" The court did not adopt his proposal.
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散騎常侍賈謐侍講東宮，對太子倨傲，成都王穎見而叱之； 謐怒，言於賈后，出穎為平北將軍，鎮鄴。 征梁王肜為大將軍、錄尚書事； 以河間王顒為鎮西將軍，鎮關中。 初，武帝作石函之制，非至親不得鎮關中； 顒輕財愛士，朝廷以為賢，故用之。
Jia Mi, Regular Attendant Within the Encampment, lectured in the Eastern Palace and treated the heir apparent with insolence. Sima Ying, Prince of Chengdu, witnessed it and rebuked him; Furious, Mi complained to Empress Jia, who had Ying transferred out as General Who Pacifies the North and posted to Ye. Sima Rong, Prince of Liang, was summoned to serve as Grand General and Recorder of the Masters of Writing; and Sima Yong, Prince of Hejian, was appointed General Who Guards the West to hold Guanzhong. Earlier Emperor Wu had decreed in the stone casket that only the closest imperial kin might garrison Guanzhong; but Yong was generous and cultivated men of talent, so the court considered him worthy and appointed him anyway.
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夏，六月，戊戌，高密文獻王泰薨。
In summer, the sixth month, on the day wuxu, Sima Tai, the Cultured and Sacrificial King of Gaomi, died.
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賈后淫虐日甚，私於太醫令程據等； 又以簏箱載道上年少入宮，復恐其漏洩，往往殺之。 賈模恐禍及己，甚憂之。 裴頠與模及張華議廢后，更立謝淑妃。 模、華皆曰：「主上自無廢黜之意，而吾等專行之，倘上心不以為然，將若之何！ 且諸王方強，朋黨各異，恐一旦禍起，身死國危，無益社稷。」 頠曰：「誠如公言。 然中宮逞其昏虐，亂可立待也。」 華曰：「卿二人於中宮皆親戚，言或見信，宜數為陳禍福之戒，庶無大悖，則天下尚未至於亂，吾曹得以估游卒歲而已。」 頠旦夕說其從母廣城君，令戒諭賈后以親厚太子，賈模亦數為后言禍福； 后不能用，反以模為毀己而疏之； 模不得志，憂憤而卒。
Empress Jia's debauchery and cruelty grew worse by the day. She took Cheng Ju, Director of the Imperial Physicians, and others as private lovers; and she had young men smuggled into the palace in bamboo crates. Fearing exposure, she often had them killed afterward. Jia Mo feared the scandal would engulf him and was deeply alarmed. Pei Wei discussed with Mo and Zhang Hua deposing the empress and elevating Lady Xie, the Pure Consort, in her stead. Mo and Hua both objected: "The emperor himself has no wish to depose her. If we act on our own and he disapproves, what then? Besides, the princes are strong and their factions divided. If trouble erupts, we may die and the realm fall into peril, with no gain for the state." Pei replied: "You are right. Yet the empress indulges her cruelty and folly. Chaos may come at any moment." Zhang Hua said: "You are both related to the empress and may be heard. Warn her often of the consequences. If she avoids the worst excesses, the realm may yet hold together and we can live out our days in peace." Pei pressed his aunt, the Lady of Guangcheng, day and night to warn Empress Jia to treat the heir apparent kindly. Jia Mo likewise urged the empress repeatedly about the risks she was courting; but she would not listen. She took Mo for a slanderer and estranged herself from him; and Mo, frustrated and despairing, died of grief.
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秋，八月，以裴頠為尚書僕射。 頠雖賈后親屬，然雅望素隆，四海唯恐其不居權位，尋詔頠專任門下事，頠上表固辭，以「賈模適亡，復以臣代之，崇外戚之望，彰偏私之舉，為聖朝累。」 不聽。 或謂頠曰：「君可以言，當盡言於中宮； 言而不從，當遠引而去。 倘二者不立，雖有十表，難以免矣。」 頠慨然久之，竟不能從。
In autumn, the eighth month, Pei Wei was appointed Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. Though Pei was related to Empress Jia, his reputation was so high that the empire wished only that he take office. Soon he was ordered to handle Gate Affairs exclusively. He memorialized to refuse, writing: "Jia Mo has just died and I am put in his place. That elevates the empress's kin, displays favoritism, and burdens the court." The emperor would not accept his resignation. Someone advised Pei: "If you have influence, speak plainly to the empress; and if she will not listen, withdraw from office. If you do neither, ten memorials will not save you." Pei sighed for a long time but could not bring himself to follow that counsel.
17
帝為人戇騃，嘗在華林園聞蝦蟆，謂左右曰：「此鳴者，為官乎，為私乎？」 時天下荒饉，百姓餓死，帝聞之，曰：「何不食肉糜？」 由是權在群下，政出多門，勢位之家，更相薦托，有如互市。 賈、郭恣橫，貨賂公行。 南陽魯褒作《錢神論》以譏之曰：「錢之為體，有乾坤之象，親之如兄，字曰孔方。 無德而尊，無勢而熱，排金門，入紫闥。 危可使安，死可使活，貴可使賤，生可使殺。 是故忿爭非錢不勝，幽滯非錢不撥，怨仇非錢不解，令聞非錢不發。 洛中朱衣、當塗之士，愛我家兄，皆無已已，執我之手，抱我終始，凡今之人，惟錢而已！」 又，朝臣務以苛察相高，每有疑議，群下各立私意，刑法不壹，獄訟繁滋。 裴頠上表曰：「先王刑賞相稱，輕重無二，故下聽有常，群吏安業。 去元康四年大風，廟闕屋瓦有數枚傾落，免太常荀寓； 事輕責重，有違常典。 五年二月有大風，蘭台主者懲懼前事，求索阿棟之間，得瓦小邪十五處，遂禁止太常，復興刑獄。 今年八月，陵上荊一枝圍七寸二分者被斫； 司徒、太常奔走道路，雖知事小，而按劾難測，騷擾驅馳，各競免負，於今太常禁止未解。 夫刑書之文有限而舛違之故無方，故有臨時議處之制，誠不能皆得循常也。 至於此等，皆為過當，恐奸吏因緣，得為淺深也。」 既而曲議猶不止，三公尚書劉頌復上疏曰：「自近世以來，法漸多門，令甚不一，吏不知所守，下不知所避，奸偽者因以售其情，居上者難以檢其下，事同議異，獄犴不平。 夫君臣之分，各有所司。 法欲必奉，故令主者守文； 理有窮塞，故使大臣釋滯； 事有時宜，故人主權斷。 主者守文，若釋之執犯蹕之平也； 大臣釋滯，若公孫弘斷郭解之獄也； 人主權斷，若漢祖戮丁公之為也。 天下萬事，自非此類，不得出意妄議，皆以律令從事； 然後法信於下，人聽不惑，吏不容奸，可以言政矣。」 乃下詔：「郎、令史復出法駁案者，隨事以聞。」 然亦不能革也。
The emperor was dull-witted by nature. Once in the Hualin Garden he heard frogs croaking and asked his attendants: "Are those creatures croaking for the state or for themselves?" Famine ravaged the land and people were starving to death. When he heard of it he said: "Why do they not eat meat porridge?" Power therefore rested with his ministers. Policy issued from many quarters. Powerful families traded favors and appointments like merchants in a market. The Jia and Guo factions ruled without restraint, and bribery flourished openly. Lu Bao of Nanyang wrote the "Discourse on the God of Money" to satirize the age, saying: "Money embodies heaven and earth. Men treat it like an elder brother and call it Kongfang. Without virtue it is honored; without rank it is courted. It pushes through golden gates and enters the purple chambers of power. It can turn danger into safety, death into life, honor into shame, and the living into the dead. Angry disputes are not won without it. The imprisoned are not freed without it. Feuds are not settled without it. Reputation is not made without it. The grandees of Luoyang and those who hold power love our elder brother without end, seize my hand and cling to me forever. For the men of today, only money matters!" Meanwhile officials competed in harsh scrutiny. Whenever a case was doubtful, each faction pressed its own view. The law lost uniformity and lawsuits multiplied. Pei Wei memorialized: "The former kings matched punishment to offense and reward to merit, with no arbitrary doubling of severity. Subordinates then knew what to expect and officials pursued their duties in peace. In the fourth year of Yuankang a great wind blew several tiles from the ancestral temple gate-towers, and Minister of Ceremonies Xun Yu was dismissed; a light offense punished with excessive severity, contrary to precedent. In the second month of the fifth year another great wind blew. The chief of the Orchid Terrace, dreading a repeat of the earlier scandal, searched the side beams and found fifteen slightly misaligned tiles. He had the Minister of Ceremonies detained and criminal prosecutions revived. In the eighth month of this year a thorn branch seven inches and two tenths around on the imperial mound was cut down; the Minister over the Masses and the Minister of Ceremonies raced about in panic. Though the offense was trivial, no one could predict how prosecution would fall. Officials scrambled to escape blame, and the Minister of Ceremonies remains under detention to this day. Penal statutes are finite, but the causes of violation are endless. Hence there is provision for ad hoc deliberation, and not every case can follow routine precedent. Cases like these, however, go too far. I fear corrupt clerks will seize the chance to twist punishments to their own ends." Yet twisted legal debate continued. Liu Song, Master of Writing to the Three Excellencies, memorialized again: "In recent times laws have multiplied and ordinances conflict. Officials no longer know what to enforce; commoners no longer know what to avoid. Fraud flourishes, superiors cannot control subordinates, identical cases yield different rulings, and justice in the prisons is uneven. Ruler and minister each have their proper sphere. Because the law must be obeyed, the presiding officer holds to the statute; because principle can reach an impasse, great ministers resolve deadlocks; and because affairs have their timely demands, the sovereign holds discretionary power. The presiding officer who holds to the text is like Zhang Shizhi insisting on the law when the emperor's progress was violated; the great minister who resolves deadlock is like Gongsun Hong judging the case of Guo Jie; the sovereign's discretionary act is like Gaozu of Han executing Lord Ding. For all other affairs under heaven, unless they fall into these categories, no one may debate at will. All must proceed by statute and ordinance; then the law will be trusted below, the people will not be confused, clerks will have no room for fraud, and government may be called sound." An edict followed: "When gentlemen and clerks again raise statutory objections to cases, report each matter as it arises." Yet the abuse could not be reformed.
18
頌遷吏部尚書，建九班之制，欲令百官居職希遷，考課能否，明其賞罰。 賈、郭用權，仕者欲速，事竟不行。
Song was promoted to Director of Personnel and created a nine-rank system, hoping to make officials aspire to advancement through assessed merit and clear rewards and punishments. But the Jia and Guo factions held power, office-seekers wanted quick advancement, and the reform never took effect.
19
裴頠薦平陽韋忠於張華，華辟之，忠辭疾不起。 人問其故，忠曰：「張茂先華而不實，裴逸民欲而無厭，棄典禮而附賊後，此豈大丈夫之所為哉！ 逸民每有心托我，我常恐其溺於深淵而餘波及我，況可褰裳而就之哉！」
Pei Wei recommended Wei Zhong of Pingyang to Zhang Hua. Hua summoned him, but Zhong pleaded illness and refused to serve. Asked why, Zhong said: "Zhang Hua is showy but hollow; Pei Wei is grasping and never satisfied. They abandon ritual and cling to the empress's faction. Is that the conduct of a true gentleman? Wei keeps trying to draw me in. I always fear that if he falls into the abyss the splash will reach me. How could I wade in after him!"
20
關內侯敦煌索靖，知天下將亂，指洛陽宮門銅駝歎曰：「會見汝在荊棘中耳！」
Suo Jing of Dunhuang, Marquis within the Passes, foresaw that the realm would soon fall into chaos. Pointing at the bronze camel by the Luoyang palace gate, he sighed: "I shall yet see you standing among thorns and brambles!"
21
冬，十一月，甲子朔，日有食之。
In winter, the eleventh month, on the new moon day jiazi, there was a solar eclipse.
22
初，廣城君郭槐，以賈后無子，常勸后使慈愛太子。 賈謐驕縱，數無禮於太子，廣城君恆切責之。 廣城君欲以韓壽女為太子妃，太子亦欲婚韓氏以自固； 壽妻賈午及后皆不聽，而為太子聘王衍少女。 太子聞衍長女美，而后為賈謐聘之，心不能平，頗以為言。 及廣城君病，臨終，執后手，令盡心於太子，言甚切至。 又曰：「趙粲、賈午，必亂汝家事； 我死後，勿復聽入。 深記吾言。」 后不從，更與粲、午謀害太子。
Earlier Guo Huai, Lady of Guangcheng, because Empress Jia had no son of her own, often urged her to treat the heir apparent kindly. Jia Mi was arrogant and repeatedly insulted the heir apparent. The Lady of Guangcheng scolded him harshly again and again. The Lady of Guangcheng wanted Han Shou's daughter as the heir apparent's consort, and the heir apparent likewise hoped to marry into the Han clan to strengthen his position; but Han Shou's wife Jia Wu and the empress refused and betrothed the heir apparent to Wang Yan's younger daughter instead. The heir apparent heard that Yan's elder daughter was beautiful, yet the empress gave her to Jia Mi. He was bitter and complained openly. When the Lady of Guangcheng fell mortally ill, she took the empress's hand at the end and urged her with utmost earnestness to devote herself to the heir apparent. She also said: "Zhao Can and Jia Wu will surely ruin your household. After I die, do not let them near you again. Remember this well." The empress ignored her and instead joined Can and Wu in plotting against the heir apparent.
23
太子幼有令名，及長，不好學，惟與左右嬉戲。 賈后復使黃門輩誘之為奢靡威虐，由是名譽浸減，驕慢益彰。 或廢朝侍而縱游逸，於宮中為市，使人屠酤，手揣斤兩，輕重不差。 其母，本屠家女也，故太子好之。 東宮月俸錢五十萬，太子常探取二月，用之猶不足。 又令西園賣葵菜、藍子、雞、面等物而收其利。 又好陰陽小數，多所拘忌。 洗馬江統上書陳五事：「一曰雖有微苦，宜力疾朝侍。 二曰宜勤見保傅，咨讒善道。 三曰畫室之功，可且減省，後園刻鏤雜作，一皆罷遣。 四曰西園賣葵、藍之屬，虧敗國體，貶損令聞。 五曰繕牆正瓦，不必拘攣小忌。」 太子皆不從。 中舍人杜錫，恐太子不得安其位，每盡忠諫，勸太子修德業，保令名，言辭懇切。 太子患之，置針著錫常所坐氈中，刺之流血，錫，預之子也。
The heir apparent had a good name as a child, but as he grew he neglected study and played only with his attendants. Empress Jia also set Yellow Gate attendants to lure him into extravagance and cruelty. His reputation faded and his arrogance grew. He sometimes skipped court to roam freely, opened a market inside the palace, had men butcher meat and sell wine, and weighed goods himself without missing by an ounce. His mother had been a butcher's daughter, which is why he took to such pursuits. The Eastern Palace received five hundred thousand cash a month, yet he often drew two months' stipend at once and still found it insufficient. He also had the Western Garden sell vegetables, indigo seed, chickens, flour, and other goods for profit. He was also fond of yin-yang lore and petty numerology and observed many taboos. Jiang Tong, Groom of the Heir Apparent, memorialized with five recommendations: "First, though you are slightly unwell, you should force yourself to attend court. Second, you should often consult your tutors and seek the path of virtue. Third, cut back on the painting studios and dismiss all carved and inlaid work in the rear garden. Fourth, selling vegetables and indigo from the Western Garden disgraces the state and harms your reputation. Fifth, when repairing walls and resetting tiles, you need not be bound by petty taboos." The heir apparent ignored every point. Du Xi, Attendant of the Palace Secretariat, fearing the heir apparent might lose his position, repeatedly urged him in loyal remonstrance to cultivate virtue and preserve his good name, his words earnest and forceful. The heir apparent resented this, hid needles in the mat where Xi usually sat, and pricked him until he bled. Xi was the son of Du Yu.
24
太子性剛，知賈謐恃中宮驕貴，不能假借之。 謐時為侍中，至東宮，或捨之，於後庭遊戲。 詹事裴權諫曰：「謐，后所親暱，一旦交構，則事危矣。」 不從。 謐譖太子於后曰：「太子多畜私財以結小人者，為賈氏故也。 若宮車晏駕，彼居大位，依楊氏故事，誅臣等，廢后於金墉，如反手耳。 不如早圖之，更立慈順者，可以自安。」 后納其言，乃宣揚太子之短，佈於遠近。 又詐為有娠，內蒿物、產具，取妹夫韓壽子慰祖養之，欲以代太子。
The heir apparent was proud by nature. Knowing Jia Mi relied on the empress's power, he would not indulge him. Mi was then Attendant of the Yellow Gate. When he visited the Eastern Palace the heir apparent sometimes dismissed him and amused himself in the rear court. Steward Pei Quan warned him: "Mi is the empress's favorite. If you quarrel with him, disaster will follow." He would not listen. Mi slandered the heir apparent to the empress, saying: "He hoards private wealth to win over petty men because he means to destroy the Jia clan. When the emperor dies and he takes the throne, he will follow the Yang clan precedent, execute us, and imprison you at Jinfeng. It will be as easy as turning his hand. Better act early and set up another heir who is mild and obedient. Then we may be safe." The empress accepted his counsel and spread the heir apparent's faults far and wide. She also feigned pregnancy, hid birthing supplies inside, took her brother-in-law Han Shou's son Weizu to rear, and planned to replace the heir apparent with him.
25
於時朝野咸知賈后有害太子之意，中護軍趙俊請太子廢后，太子不聽。 左衛率東平劉卞，以賈后之謀問張華，華曰：「不聞。」 卞曰：「卞自須昌小吏，受公成拔以至今日。 士感知己，是以盡言，而公更有疑於卞邪！」 華曰：「假令有此，君欲如何？」 卞曰：「東宮俊乂如林，四率精兵萬人； 公居阿衡之任，若得公命，皇太子因朝入錄尚書事，廢賈后於金墉城，兩黃門力耳。」 華曰：「今天子當陽，太子，人子也，吾又不受阿衡之命，忽相與行此，是無君父而以不孝示天下也。 雖能有成，猶不免罪。 況權戚滿朝，威柄不一，成可必乎？」 賈后常使親黨微服聽察於外，頗聞卞言，乃遷卞為雍州刺史； 卞知言洩，飲藥而死。
By then everyone knew Empress Jia meant to destroy the heir apparent. Zhao Jun, Central Protector of the Army, urged him to depose her, but he refused. Liu Bian of Dongping, Colonel of the Left Guards, asked Zhang Hua about the empress's plot. Hua said, "I have heard nothing." Bian said, "I was only a petty clerk in Xuchang until you raised me to what I am today. A gentleman repays his patron with full candor. Do you still doubt me?" Hua asked, "Suppose it were true. What would you do?" Bian said, "The Eastern Palace has talent in abundance, and the four colonels command ten thousand elite troops. You hold the chief minister's power. With your order the heir apparent could enter court, take charge of the Masters of Writing, and depose Empress Jia at Jinfeng. It would take only two Yellow Gate attendants." Hua said, "The emperor reigns in his own right. The heir apparent is his son, and I have received no commission as chief minister. To act suddenly in this way would be to cast aside ruler and father and show the world an act of filial impiety. Even if we succeeded, we would still be guilty. Besides, powerful kin fill the court and power is divided. Can success be certain?" Empress Jia often had her kin spy in disguise and learned of Bian's words. She transferred him to Inspector of Yongzhou; and Bian, knowing his plot had leaked, took poison and died.
26
十二月，太子長子虨病，太子為虨求王爵，不許。 虨疾篤，太子為之禱祀求福。 賈后聞之，乃詐稱帝不豫，召太子入朝，既至，后不見，置於別室，遣婢陳舞以帝命賜太子酒三升，使盡飲之。 太子辭以不能飲三升，舞逼之曰：「不孝邪！ 天賜汝酒而不飲，酒中有惡物邪！」 太子不得已，強飲至盡，遂大醉。 后使黃門侍朗潘岳作書草，令小婢承福，以紙筆及草，因太子醉，稱詔使書之，文曰：「陛下宜自了，不自了，吾當入了之。 中宮又宜速自了，不自了，吾當手了之。 並與謝妃共要，刻期兩發，勿疑猶豫，以致後患。 茹毛飲血於三辰之下，皇天許當掃除患害，立道文為王，蔣氏為內主。 願成，當三牲祠北君。」 太子醉迷不覺，遂依而寫之。 其字半不成，后補成之，以呈帝。
In the twelfth month the heir apparent's eldest son Sima Xian fell ill. The heir apparent asked that he be made a prince, but the request was denied. As Xian grew gravely ill, the heir apparent prayed and offered sacrifices on his behalf. Empress Jia heard of this and falsely announced that the emperor was ill, summoning the heir apparent to court. When he arrived she refused to see him, placed him in a side room, and sent the maid Chen Wu with the emperor's name to give him three pints of wine and order him to drink it all. He declined, saying he could not drink so much. Wu pressed him: "Are you unfilial? Heaven grants you wine and you refuse. Do you think it poisoned?" Unable to refuse further, he drank it all and became thoroughly drunk. The empress had Pan Yue, Yellow Gate Attendant, draft a letter and sent the maid Cheng Fu with paper, brush, and draft. While the heir apparent was drunk she claimed an imperial order and made him copy it. The text read: "Your Majesty ought to settle this yourself. If you do not, I shall enter and settle it. The empress too ought quickly to settle matters herself. If she does not, I shall settle them with my own hand. I have agreed with Consort Xie. We have set a date for both to act. Do not hesitate and bring later trouble. We shall eat raw flesh and drink blood under heaven. August Heaven has promised to sweep away the harm, establish Daowen as king, and make the Jiang clan the inner mistress. When it succeeds, we shall offer the three sacrificial beasts to the Northern Lord. Drunk and unaware, he copied it as dictated. Half the characters were incomplete. The empress finished them and presented the letter to the emperor.
27
壬戌，帝幸式乾殿，召公卿入，使黃門令董猛以太子書及青紙詔示之曰：「遹書如此，今賜死。」 遍示諸公王，莫有言者。 張華曰：「此國之大禍，自古以來，常因廢黜正嫡以致喪亂。 且國家有天下日淺，願陛下詳之！」 裴頠以為宜先檢校傳書者，又請比較太子手書，不然，恐有詐妄。 賈后乃出太子啟事十餘紙，眾人比視，亦無敢言非者。
On the day renxu the emperor went to the Shiqian Hall and summoned the ministers. Yellow Gate Commandant Dong Meng showed them the heir apparent's letter and a blue-paper edict, saying: "Yu wrote this. He is to die." He showed it to all the princes and nobles. No one spoke. Zhang Hua said, "This is a great calamity for the state. Since antiquity disorder has often followed the deposition of the legitimate heir. Moreover the dynasty has held the realm only a short time. I beg Your Majesty to consider carefully!" Pei Wei urged that the messenger be examined first and the handwriting compared with the heir apparent's own script, lest the letter be a forgery. Empress Jia then produced more than ten sheets of the heir apparent's memorials. When the assembly compared them, no one dared say they did not match.
28
賈后使董猛矯以長廣公主辭白帝曰：「事宜速決，而群臣各不同，其不從詔者，宜以軍法從事。」 議至日西，不決。 后見華等意堅，懼事變，乃表免太子為庶人，詔許之。 於是使尚書和郁等持節詣東宮，廢太子為庶人，太子改服出，再拜受詔，步出承華門，乘粗犢車，車武公澹以兵仗送太子及妃王氏、三子虨、臧、尚同幽於金墉城。 王衍自表離婚，許之，妃慟哭而歸。 殺太子母謝淑媛及虨母保林蔣俊。
Empress Jia had Dong Meng report to the emperor in the name of the Princess of Changguang: "This must be decided at once. The ministers are divided. Those who disobey the edict should be dealt with by military law." Debate continued until sunset without resolution. Seeing Zhang Hua and the others hold firm and fearing the plot might fail, the empress memorialized to depose the heir apparent as a commoner. The edict was approved. He Yu of the Masters of Writing and others were sent with credentials to the Eastern Palace. The heir apparent changed his garments, bowed twice, received the edict, walked out through the Chenghua Gate, and rode a rough ox-cart. Sima Dan, Marquis of Chewu, escorted him with armed guards, together with his consort Lady Wang and his three sons Xian, Zang, and Shang, to confinement at Jinfeng. Wang Yan memorialized to divorce her, and permission was granted. The consort returned home in bitter tears. The heir apparent's mother, Lady Xie the Gracious Lady, and Xian's mother, Forest Keeper Jiang Jun, were executed.
29
孝惠皇帝上之下永康元年（ 庚申，公元三零零年）
Under Emperor Hui of Jin, Yongkang, year 1 ( gengshen, CE 300)
30
春，正月，癸亥朔，赦天下，改元。
In spring, the first month, on the new moon day guihai, the realm was granted amnesty and the era name was changed.
31
西戎校尉司馬閻纘輿棺詣闕上書，以為：「漢戾太子稱兵拒命，言者猶曰罪當笞耳。 今遹受罪之日，不敢失道，猶為輕於戾太子。 宜重選師傅，先加嚴誨，若不悛改，棄之未晚也。」 書奏，不省。 纘，圃之孫也。
Yan Xun, Major under the Colonel of the Western Rong, came to the palace gate with his coffin on a cart and submitted a memorial, arguing: "When Emperor Wu's heir apparent Liu Ju took up arms in rebellion, critics still said his offense deserved only a beating. Now Yu stands condemned yet has not strayed from duty; even so his case is still treated more leniently than that of Crown Prince Li. The court should appoint new tutors and admonish him strictly. If he does not reform, deposing him would not yet be too late. The memorial was submitted but ignored. Xun was the grandson of Yan Pu.
32
賈后使黃門自首欲與太子為逆。 詔以黃門首辭班示公卿，遣東武公澹以千兵防衛太子，幽於許昌宮，令持書御史劉振持節守之，詔宮臣不得辭送。 洗馬江統、潘滔、舍人王敦、杜蕤、魯瑤等冒禁至伊水，拜辭涕泣。 司隸校尉滿奮收縛統籌送獄。 其系河南獄者，樂廣悉解遣之； 系洛陽縣獄者，猶未釋。 都官從事孫琰說賈謐曰：「所以廢徙太子，以其為惡故耳。 今宮臣冒罪拜辭，而加以重辟； 流聞四方，乃更彰太子之德也，不如釋之。」 謐乃語洛陽令曹攄使釋之； 廣亦不坐。 敦，覽之孫； 攄，肇之孫也。 太子至許，遺王妃書，自陳誣枉，妃父衍不敢以聞。
Empress Jia had a Yellow Gate attendant confess a plot to rebel with the heir apparent. An edict showed the confession to the ministers, sent Sima Dan, Marquis of Dongwu, with a thousand troops to guard the heir apparent at Xuchang Palace, and ordered Liu Zhen, Attendant Secretary with credentials, to hold him under guard, forbidding palace officials to escort him on departure. Jiang Tong, Pan Tao, Wang Dun, Du Rui, Lu Yao, and others defied the ban, went to the Yi River, bowed farewell, and wept. Colonel of the Censorate Man Fen arrested Tong and the others and sent them to prison. Those held in the Henan prison were all released by Yue Guang; those held in the Luoyang county prison were not yet released. Director of Justice Sun Yan told Jia Mi: "The heir apparent was deposed because he was wicked. Yet you would punish palace officials who came to bid him farewell; If word spreads abroad it will only highlight the heir apparent's virtue. Better release them. Mi then told Cao Shu, Magistrate of Luoyang, to release them; Guang was not punished either. Dun was the grandson of Wang Lan; Shu was the grandson of Cao Zhao. At Xu the heir apparent wrote to his consort proclaiming his innocence; her father Wang Yan did not dare report it.
33
丙子，皇孫虨卒。
On the day bingzi the imperial grandson Xian died.
34
三月，尉氏雨血，妖星見南方，太白晝見，中台星拆。 張華少子韙勸華遜位，華不從，曰：「天道幽遠，不如靜以待之。」
In the third month blood rained at Weishi, an ominous star appeared in the south, Venus was seen by day, and the Central Terrace star split. Hua's younger son Wei urged him to resign; Hua refused, saying: "Heaven's way is obscure. Better to wait quietly."
35
太子既廢，眾情憤怒。 有衛督司馬雅、常從督許超，皆嘗給事東宮，與殿中郎士猗等謀廢賈后，復太子。 以張華、裴頠安常保位，難與行權，右軍將軍趙王倫執兵柄，性貪冒，可假以濟事。 乃說孫秀曰：「中宮凶妒無道，與賈謐等共誣廢太子。 今國無嫡嗣，社稷將危，大臣將起大事，而公名奉事中宮，與賈、郭親善，太子之廢，皆云豫知，一朝事起，禍必相及，何不先謀之乎！」 秀許諾，言於倫，倫納焉，遂告通事令史張林及省事張衡等，使為內應。
Once the heir apparent was deposed, public anger boiled over. Sima Ya, Colonel of the Guards, and Xu Chao, Regular Colonel of the Followers, both former Eastern Palace attendants, joined Palace Gentleman Shi Yi and others to plot deposing Empress Jia and restoring the heir apparent. They judged Zhang Hua and Pei Wei too cautious to act, while Sima Lun, Prince of Zhao, held the armies and was greedy—he could be used. They told Sun Xiu: "The empress is vicious and lawless. With Jia Mi she framed and deposed the heir apparent. The realm lacks a legitimate heir and the altars are endangered. Great ministers will act, yet you serve the empress and are close to the Jia and Guo clans. When the heir apparent fell, men said you knew beforehand. When trouble erupts you will not escape—why not strike first?" Xiu agreed and told Lun, who accepted and enlisted Zhang Lin and Zhang Heng as inside agents.
36
事將起，孫秀言於倫曰：「太子聰明剛猛，若還東宮，必不受制於人。 明公素黨於賈后，道路皆知之，今雖建大功於太子，太子謂公特逼於百姓之望，翻覆以免罪耳，雖含忍宿忿，必不能深德明公，若有瑕釁，猶不免誅。 不若遷延緩期，賈后必害太子，然後廢賈后，為太子報仇，豈徒免禍而已，乃更可以得志！」 倫然之。
Before the coup Sun Xiu told Lun: "The heir apparent is clever and fierce. Restored to the Eastern Palace he will not submit to anyone. You have always sided with the empress—everyone knows it. Even if you now save him, he will think you acted only under public pressure and may turn on you to clear himself. Old grudges will not become deep gratitude; the slightest fault could still cost your life. Delay instead. The empress will kill him. Then depose her and avenge him—not merely escaping harm but winning your ambition!" Lun agreed.
37
秀因使人行反間，言殿中人欲廢皇后，迎太子。 賈后數遣宮婢微服於民間聽察，聞之甚懼。 倫、秀因勸謐等早除太子，以絕眾望。 癸未，賈后使太醫令程據和毒藥。 矯詔使黃門孫慮至許昌毒太子。 太子自廢黜，恐被毒，常自煮食於前； 慮以告劉振，振乃徙太子於小坊中，絕其食，宮人猶竊於牆上過食與之。 慮逼太子以藥，太子不肯服，慮以藥杵椎殺之。 有司請以庶人禮葬，賈后表請以廣陵王禮葬之。
Xiu spread disinformation that palace insiders meant to depose the empress and restore the heir apparent. The empress often sent maids in disguise to listen among the people and was terrified. Lun and Xiu urged Mi and others to kill the heir apparent at once and end public hope. On guimao the empress had Cheng Ju, Director of Imperial Physicians, prepare poison. A forged edict sent Sun Lv of the Yellow Gate to Xuchang to poison the heir apparent. Since his deposition he feared poison and often cooked for himself; Lv told Liu Zhen, who moved him to a small compound and cut off food, though palace women still passed food over the wall. Lv forced the drug on him; he refused; Lv beat him to death with the pestle. Officials requested commoner burial; the empress asked for princely rites as for the Prince of Guangling.
38
夏，四月，辛卯朔，日有食之。
In summer, the fourth month, on the new moon day xinmao, there was a solar eclipse.
39
趙王倫、孫秀將討賈后，告右衛佽飛督閭和，和從之，期以癸巳丙夜一籌，以鼓聲為應。 癸巳，秀使司馬雅告張華曰：「趙王欲與公共匡社稷，為天下除害，使雅以告。」 華拒之。 雅怒曰：「刃將加頸，猶為是言邪！」 不顧而出。 及期，倫矯詔敕三部司馬曰：「中宮與賈謐等殺吾太子，今使車騎入廢中宮，汝等皆當從命，事畢，賜爵關中侯，不從者誅三族。」 眾皆從之。 又矯詔開門，夜入，陳兵道南，遣翊軍校尉齊王冏將百人排冏而入，華林令駱休為內應，迎帝幸東堂，以詔召賈謐於殿前，將誅之。 謐走入西鐘下，呼曰：「阿后救我！」 就斬之。 賈后見齊王冏，驚曰：「卿何為來？」 冏曰：「有詔收后。」 后曰：「詔當從我出，何詔也！」 后至上閤，遙呼帝曰：「陛下有婦，使人廢之，亦行自廢矣。」 是時，梁王肜亦預其謀，后問冏曰：「起事者誰？」 冏曰：「梁、趙。」 后曰：「系狗當繫頸，反系其尾，何得不然！」 遂廢后為庶人，幽之於建始殿，收趙粲、賈午等付暴室考竟。 詔尚書收捕賈氏親黨，召中書監、侍中、黃門侍郎、八座皆夜入殿。 尚書始疑詔有詐，郎師景露版奏請手詔，倫等斬之以徇。
Lun and Xiu prepared to move against the empress, won over Lü He, Colonel of the Right Guards Attendants, and set guisi night, second watch of the bing hour, drums as signal. On guisi Xiu had Sima Ya tell Zhang Hua: "The Prince of Zhao wishes to join you to save the realm and remove this evil." Hua refused. Ya snapped: "The blade is at your neck and you still talk like that!" He strode out without a backward glance. At the hour Lun forged an edict to the three departments: "The empress and Jia Mi killed the heir apparent. The Cavalry General enters to depose her. Obey and receive marquisates; disobey and face extermination." All obeyed. He forged orders to open the gates, entered at night, lined troops along the southern route, sent Sima Jiong, Prince of Qi, with a hundred men to force entry, Luo Xiu of Hualin as inside agent, escorted the emperor to the Eastern Hall, and summoned Jia Mi to execution. Mi fled to the western bell-frame crying: "Mother, save me!" He was beheaded at once. Seeing Sima Jiong the empress cried: "Why are you here?" Jiong said: "An edict commands your arrest." She said: "Edicts should come from me—what edict is this!" She climbed to the upper pavilion and called to the emperor: "You have a wife; when others depose her, you will be deposed yourself." The Prince of Liang Sima Rong was also in the plot; she asked Jiong: "Who raised this?" Jiong said: "Liang and Zhao." She said: "Tie a dog by the neck, not the tail—was this not inevitable!" She was deposed as a commoner and confined in the Jianshi Hall; Zhao Can, Jia Wu, and others were sent to the Severe Chamber for interrogation unto death. An edict ordered arrest of the Jia clan; the Supervisor of the Masters of Writing, attendants, Yellow Gate Gentlemen, and Eight Seats were summoned at night. The Masters of Writing doubted the edict; Gentleman Shi Jing asked for the emperor's own hand; Lun beheaded him as warning.
40
倫陰與秀謀篡位，欲先除朝望，且報宿怨，乃執張華、裴頠、解系、解結等於殿前。 華謂張林曰：「卿欲害忠臣邪？」 林稱詔詰之曰：「卿為宰相，太子之廢，不能死節，何也？」 華曰：「式乾之議，臣諫事具存，可覆按也。」 林曰：「諫而不從，何不去位？」 華無以對。 遂皆斬之，仍夷三族。 解結女適裴氏，明日當嫁而禍起，裴氏欲認活之，女曰：「家既若此，我何以活為！」 亦坐死。 朝廷由是議革舊制，女不從死。 甲午，倫坐端門，遣尚書和郁持節送賈庶人於金墉； 誅劉振、董猛、孫慮、程據等； 司徒王戎及內外官坐張、裴親黨黜免者甚眾。 閻纘撫張華屍慟哭曰：「早語君遜位而不肯，今果不免，命也！」
Lun secretly plotted usurpation with Xiu, first removing leading ministers and settling old scores; he seized Zhang Hua, Pei Wei, Xie Ji, Xie Jie, and others in the hall. Hua said to Zhang Lin: "Do you mean to kill loyal ministers?" Lin, citing the edict, demanded: "As chief minister, when the heir apparent was deposed why did you not die for principle?" Hua said: "My remonstrance at the Shiqian deliberation is on record and may be reviewed." Lin said: "If remonstrance failed, why not resign?" Hua had no answer. All were beheaded and their clans exterminated to the third degree. Xie Jie's daughter was to marry into the Pei clan next day when disaster struck; the Peis wished to save her; she said: "With my house destroyed, how can I live!" She died as well. The court then debated abolishing the old rule that wives and daughters die with the clan. On jiawu Lun sat at the Duan Gate and sent He Yu with credentials to convey the deposed empress to Jinfeng; Liu Zhen, Dong Meng, Sun Lv, Cheng Ju, and others were executed; Minister over the Masses Wang Rong and many inner and outer officials were dismissed as kin to Zhang and Pei. Yan Xun stroked Zhang Hua's corpse and wailed: "I urged you to resign and you would not; now you could not escape—fate!"
41
於是趙王倫稱詔赦天下，自為使持節、都督中外諸軍事、相國、侍中，一依宣、文輔魏故事。 置府兵萬人，以其世子散騎常侍荂領冗從僕射，子馥為前將軍，封濟陽王； 虔為黃門朗，封汝陰王； 詡為散騎侍郎，封霸城侯。 孫秀等皆封大郡，並據兵權，文武官封侯者數千人，百官總己以聽於倫。 倫素庸愚，復受制於孫秀。 秀為中書令，威權振朝廷，天下皆事秀而無求於倫。
Lun proclaimed amnesty, made himself Bearer of the Staff, Commander-in-Chief, Chancellor, and Attendant, following the precedents of the Sima regents of Wei. He stationed ten thousand household troops; his heir Fu, Regular Attendant, held redundant Follower posts; son Fu was Forward General, Prince of Jiyang; Qian was Yellow Gate Gentleman, Prince of Runan; Xu was Gentleman of the Encampment, Marquis of Bacheng. Sun Xiu and others received great fiefs and military power; thousands of officials were enfeoffed; all offices reported to Lun. Lun was mediocre and foolish and controlled by Sun Xiu. Xiu became Supervisor of the Masters of Writing; power radiated from him; the realm served Xiu, not Lun.
42
詔追復故太子遹位號，使尚書和郁帥東宮官屬迎太子喪於許昌，追封遹子虨為南陽王，封虨弟臧為臨淮王，尚為襄陽王。
An edict restored Yu's title, sent He Yu to bring the coffin from Xuchang, posthumously enfeoffed Xian as Prince of Nanyang and brothers Zang and Shang as princes.
43
有司奏：「尚書令王衍備位大臣，太子被誣，志在苟免，請禁錮終身。」 從之。
Authorities memorialized that Wang Yan, having held high office, sought only to save himself when the heir apparent was framed, and asked lifelong ban from office. Granted.
44
相國倫欲收入望，選用海內名德之士，以前平陽太守李重、滎陽太守荀組為左、右長史，東平王堪、沛國劉謨為左、右司馬，尚書郎陽平束皙為記室，淮南王文學荀嵩、殿中郎陸機為參軍。 組，勖之子； 嵩，彧之玄孫也。 李重知倫有異志，辭疾不就，倫逼之不已，憂憤成疾，扶曳受拜，數日而卒。
Lun sought esteem and recruited renowned men: Li Chong and Xun Zu as chief clerks; Kan, Prince of Dongping, and Liu Mo as majors; Shuxi as recorder; Xun Song and Lu Ji on staff. Zu was the son of Xun Xu; Song was the great-great-grandson of Xun Yu. Li Chong saw Lun's rebellious intent, pleaded illness, was forced to accept office, and died within days of grief.
45
丁酉，以梁王肜為太宰，左光祿大夫何劭為司徒，右光祿大夫劉寔為司空。
On dingyou Sima Rong was made Grand Preceptor, He Shao Minister over the Masses, Liu Shi Minister of Works.
46
太子遹之廢也，將立淮南王允為太弟，議者不合。 會趙王倫廢賈后，乃以允為驃騎將軍、開府儀同三司，領中護軍。
When Yu was deposed they considered making Yun, Prince of Huainan, heir younger brother; deliberators disagreed. When Lun deposed the empress, Yun was made General of Agile Cavalry with Three Excellencies privilege and Central Protector.
47
己亥，相國倫矯詔遣尚書劉弘繼金屑酒，賜賈后死於金墉城。
On jihai Lun forged an edict sending Liu Hong with golden crumbs wine to kill the deposed empress at Jinfeng.
48
五月，己巳，詔立臨淮王臧為皇太孫，還妃王氏以母之； 太子官屬即轉為太孫官屬，相國倫行太孫太傅。
In the fifth month, on jisi, Zang, Prince of Linhuai, was made Imperial Grandson and Lady Wang restored as his mother; Eastern Palace staff became the Grandson's staff, and Lun acted as Grand Tutor.
49
己卯，謚故太子曰愍懷； 六月，壬寅，葬於顯平陵。
On jimao the former heir apparent received the posthumous title Minhuai; In the sixth month, on renyin, he was buried at Xianping Tomb.
50
清河康王遐薨。
Sima Xia, Cultured King of Qinghe, died.
51
中護軍淮南王允，性沉毅，宿衛將士皆畏服之。 允知相國倫及孫秀有異志，陰養死士，謀討之； 倫、秀深憚之。 秋，八月，轉允為太尉，外示優崇，實奪其兵權。 允稱疾不拜。 秀遣御史劉機逼允，收其官屬以下，劾以拒詔，大逆不敬。 允視詔，乃秀手書也，大怒，收御史，將斬之，御史走免，斬其令史二人。 厲色謂左右曰：「趙王欲破我家！」 遂帥國兵及帳下七百人直出，大呼曰：「趙王反，我將討之，從我者左袒。」 於是歸之者甚眾。 允將赴宮，尚書左丞王輿閉掖門，允不得入，遂圍相府。 允所將兵皆精銳，倫與戰，屢敗，死者千餘人。 太子左率陳徽勒東宮兵，鼓噪於內以應允。 允結陳於承華門前，弓弩齊發，射倫，飛矢雨下。 主書司馬眭秘以身蔽倫，箭中其背而死。 倫官屬皆隱樹而立，每樹輒中數百箭，自辰至未，中書令陳淮，徽之兄也，欲應允，言於帝曰：「宜遣白虎幡以解鬥。」 乃使司馬督護伏胤將騎四百持幡從宮中出。 侍中汝陰王虔在門下省，陰與胤誓曰：「富貴當與卿共之。」 胤乃懷空板出，詐言有詔助淮南王。 允不之覺，開陣內之，下車受詔； 胤因殺之，並殺允子秦王郁、漢王迪，坐允夷滅者數千人。 曲赦洛陽。 初，孫秀嘗為小吏，事黃門郎潘岳，岳屢撻之。 衛尉石崇之甥歐陽建素與相國倫有隙，崇有愛妾曰綠珠，孫秀便求之，崇不與。 及淮南王允敗，秀因稱石崇、潘岳、歐陽建奉允為亂，收之。 崇歎曰：「奴輩利吾財爾！」 收者曰：「知財為禍，何不早散之？」 崇不能答。 初，潘岳母常誚責岳曰：「汝當知足，而乾沒不已乎！」 及敗，岳謝母曰：「負阿母。」 遂與崇，建皆族誅，籍沒崇家。 相國倫收淮南王母弟吳王晏，欲殺之。 光祿大夫傅祗爭之於朝堂，眾皆諫止倫，倫乃貶晏為賓徒縣王。
Yun, Prince of Huainan, Central Protector of the Army, was deep and resolute by nature, and the palace guards all feared him. Knowing Lun and Xiu meant to rebel, he secretly gathered men willing to die and plotted against them; Lun and Xiu feared him deeply. In autumn, the eighth month, he was transferred to Grand Commandant, an outward honor that in fact stripped him of military command. He pleaded illness and refused the appointment. Xiu sent Censor Liu Ji to coerce him, arrested his staff, and charged him with resisting an edict and great impiety. Yun saw the edict was in Xiu's own hand, flew into a rage, seized the censor and nearly executed him; the censor fled, and two clerks were beheaded. He said grimly to his attendants: "The Prince of Zhao means to destroy my house! He led his state troops and seven hundred household guards straight out, shouting: "The Prince of Zhao has rebelled! I shall punish him. Follow me and bare your left shoulder. Many rallied to him. Yun marched on the palace, but Wang Yu, Left Assistant Director of the Masters of Writing, shut the side gate and blocked him; he then besieged the chancellor's residence. Yun's troops were elite. Lun fought him repeatedly and lost, with more than a thousand dead. Chen Hui, Colonel of the Left Guards of the Heir Apparent, stirred Eastern Palace troops to cheer within in support of Yun. Yun formed battle lines before the Chenghua Gate. Bows and crossbows volleyed at Lun until arrows fell like rain. Chief Clerk Sima Sui shielded Lun with his body and was killed by an arrow in the back. Lun's staff hid behind trees, each tree studded with hundreds of arrows. From chen to wei, Chen Huai, Supervisor of the Masters of Writing and Hui's elder brother, wished to aid Yun and told the emperor: "Send the white tiger banner to stop the fighting." The Major of the Protectorate Fu Yin was sent with four hundred horsemen bearing the banner from the palace. The Attendant, Prince of Runan Qian, was in the Gate Department and secretly swore to Yin: "We shall share wealth and honor." Yin carried out a blank tablet and falsely claimed an edict to aid the Prince of Huainan. Yun did not detect the fraud and opened his ranks. Yin dismounted to receive the edict; Yin then killed him, along with Yun's sons Yu, Prince of Qin, and Di, Prince of Han. Several thousand connected with Yun were exterminated. A partial amnesty was granted to Luoyang. Earlier Xiu had served as a petty clerk under Pan Yue, Yellow Gate Gentleman, whom he had often flogged. Ouyang Jian, nephew of Commandant of the Guards Shi Chong, was estranged from Lun. Chong had a beloved concubine, Green Pearl, whom Xiu demanded and Chong refused. When Yun fell, Xiu accused Chong, Yue, and Jian of supporting his rebellion and arrested them. Chong sighed: "These slaves want my wealth! The arresters said: "If wealth brings disaster, why not have given it away?" Chong had no answer. Earlier Yue's mother had often scolded him: "Know when you have enough—why keep grasping for more?" When ruin came Yue told his mother: "I have failed you, Mother." Yue, Chong, and Jian were executed to the clan, and Chong's estate was confiscated. Lun arrested Yan, Prince of Wu, younger brother of Yun's mother, intending to kill him. Household Grandee Fu Zhi argued for him in court; all remonstrated, and Lun degraded Yan to Prince of Bintu.
52
齊王冏以功遷游擊將軍，冏意不滿，有恨色。 孫秀覺之，且憚其在內，乃出為平東將軍，鎮許昌。
Jiong was promoted to General of the Reserves for his merit but was dissatisfied and showed resentment. Xiu noticed and, fearing him in the capital, posted him out as General Who Pacifies the East at Xuchang.
53
以光祿大夫陳准為太尉，錄尚書事； 未幾，薨。
Chen Huai, Household Grandee, was made Grand Commandant and Recorder of the Masters of Writing; but soon died.
54
孫秀議加相國倫九錫，百官莫敢異議。 吏部尚書劉頌曰：「昔漢之錫魏，魏之錫晉，皆一時之用，非可通行。 周勃、霍光，其功至大，皆不聞有九錫之命也。」 張林積忿不已，以頌為張華之黨，將殺之。 孫秀曰：「殺張、裴已傷時望，不可復殺頌。」 林乃止。 以頌為光祿大夫。 遂下詔加倫九錫，復加其子荂撫軍將軍，虔中軍將軍，詡為侍中。 又加孫秀侍中、輔國將軍，相國司馬、右率如故。 張林等並居顯要。 增相府兵為二萬人，與宿衛同，並所隱匿之兵，數逾三萬。
Xiu proposed granting Lun the Nine Bestowals; no official dared object. Liu Song, Director of Personnel, said: "When Han bestowed them on Wei and Wei on Jin, those were expedients of the moment, not universal precedent. Zhou Bo and Huo Guang achieved the greatest merit, yet never received the Nine Bestowals." Zhang Lin, still furious, treated Song as Zhang Hua's partisan and meant to kill him. Xiu said: "Killing Zhang and Pei has already harmed public esteem. We cannot kill Song too." Lin desisted. Song was made Household Grandee. An edict granted Lun the Nine Bestowals and further made Fu General of the Guards, Qian Central Commander, and Xu Attendant. Xiu was made Attendant and General Who Assists the State, retaining his posts as Chancellor's Major and Colonel of the Right. Zhang Lin and others all held prominent posts. Chancellor household troops were raised to twenty thousand, equal to the palace guard; with hidden forces the total exceeded thirty thousand.
55
九月，改司徒為丞相，以梁王肜為之，肜固辭不受。
In the ninth month the post of Minister over the Masses was renamed Chancellor for Rong, Prince of Liang, who firmly declined.
56
倫及諸子皆頑鄙無識，秀狡黠貪淫，所與共事者，皆邪佞之士，惟競榮利，無深謀遠略，志趣乖異，互相憎嫉。 秀子會為射聲校尉，形貌短陋，如奴僕之下者，秀使尚帝女河東公主。
Lun and his sons were dull and vulgar; Xiu was cunning, greedy, and lewd. Their associates were corrupt men who sought only profit, without foresight, mutually hostile. Xiu's son Hui, Colonel of the Archers, was short and ugly as a menial, yet Xiu married him to the Princess of Hedong.
57
冬，十一月，甲子，立皇后羊氏，赦天下。 後，尚書郎泰山羊玄之之女也。 外祖平南將軍樂安孫旂，與孫秀善，故秀立之。 拜玄之光祿大夫、特進、散騎常侍，封興晉侯。
In winter, the eleventh month, on jiazi, Lady Yang was made empress and the realm amnestied. She was the daughter of Yang Xuanzhi, Gentleman of the Masters of Writing of Taishan. Her maternal grandfather was Sun Qi, General Who Pacifies the South of Le'an, friendly with Xiu, which is why Xiu made her empress. Xuanzhi was made Household Grandee, Special Courtier, Gentleman of the Encampment, and Marquis of Xingjin.
58
詔征益州刺史趙廞為大長秋，以成都內史中山耿滕為益州刺史。 廞，賈后之姻親也。 聞征，甚懼，且以晉室衰亂，陰有據蜀之志，乃傾倉廩，賑流民，以收眾心。 以李特兄弟材武，其黨類皆巴西人，與廞同郡，厚遇之，以為爪牙。 特等憑恃廞勢，專聚眾為盜，蜀人患之。 滕數密表：「流民剛剽，蜀人軟弱，主不能制客，必為亂階，宜使還本居。 若留之險地，恐秦、雍之禍更移於梁、益矣。」 廞聞而惡之。
An edict summoned Zhao Xin, Inspector of Yi, as Grand Director of the Palace Parks and made Geng Teng of Zhongshan, Interior Minister of Chengdu, Inspector of Yi. Xin was related by marriage to Empress Jia. Hearing the summons he was terrified. Seeing Jin in decline, he secretly meant to hold Shu, emptied granaries, and relieved refugees to win loyalty. He favored the Li Te brothers, skilled warriors from his home commandery of Baxi, as his strong arm. Relying on Xin's power, Te and his men gathered bands to plunder, to the distress of Shu. Teng repeatedly memorialized in secret: "The refugees are fierce and the Shu people are mild. The host cannot control the guest. They will bring disorder and should be sent home. If kept in this dangerous region, the troubles of Qin and Yong may shift to Liang and Yi." Xin heard and hated him.
59
州被詔書，遣文武千餘人迎滕。 是時，成都治少城，益州治太城，廞猶在太城，未去。 滕欲入州，功曹陳恂諫曰：「今州、郡構犯日深，入城必有大禍，不如留少城以觀其變，檄諸縣合村保以備秦氐，陳西夷行至，且當待之。 不然，退保犍為，西渡江源，以防非常。」 滕不從。 是日，帥眾入州，廞遣兵逆之，戰於西門，滕敗死。 郡吏皆竄走，惟陳恂面縛詣廞請滕喪，廞義而許之。
The province sent more than a thousand civil and military officers to welcome Teng. Chengdu held the Lesser City and the province the Great City; Xin was still in the Great City. Teng wished to enter the provincial city. Merit Officer Chen Xun warned: "Province and prefecture are at odds. Entering the city means disaster. Hold the Lesser City, rally the counties, and wait for the western commandant. Or withdraw to Jianwei and cross west over the river source to guard against the unexpected." Teng would not listen. That day he led his men into the city. Xin sent troops against him. At the western gate Teng was defeated and killed. Prefectural clerks fled. Only Chen Xun came bound to beg Teng's body for burial; Xin granted it as an act of righteousness.
60
廞又遣兵逆西夷校尉陳總。 總至江陽，聞廞有異志，主簿蜀郡趙模曰：「今州郡不協，必生大變，當速行赴之。 府是兵要，助順討逆，誰敢動者！」 總更緣道停留，比至南安魚涪津，已遇廞軍，模白總：「散財募士以拒戰，若克州軍，則州可得； 不克，順流而退，必無害也。」 總曰：「趙益州忿耿侯，故殺之； 與吾無嫌，何為如此！」 模曰：「今非起事，必當殺君以立威。 雖不戰，無益也！」 言至垂涕，總不聽，眾遂自潰。 總逃草中，模著總服格戰； 廞兵殺模，見其非是，更搜求得總，殺之。
Xin also sent troops against Colonel of the Western Yi Chen Zong. At Jiangyang Zong heard of Xin's rebellion. Chief Clerk Zhao Mo said: "Province and prefecture are in conflict. You must hurry. The headquarters is the military hinge. Aid the lawful and punish the rebel—who would dare resist! Zong delayed on the road. At Nan'an's Yu ford he met Xin's army. Mo urged: "Spend wealth and recruit men. Defeat the provincial army and you may take the province; if not, withdraw downstream and you will be safe." Zong said: "Inspector Zhao killed Marquis Geng out of anger; he has no quarrel with me. Why would he do this to me?" Mo said: "This is rebellion. He will kill you to make an example. Even without fighting it will not help!" He spoke until he wept. Zong would not listen and the troops scattered. Zong hid in the grass. Mo donned Zong's robe and fought; Xin's men killed Mo. Finding he was not Zong, they searched again, found Zong, and killed him.
61
廞自稱大都督，大將軍、益州牧，署置僚屬，改易守令。 王官被召，無敢不往。 李庠帥妹婿李含、天水任回、上官昌、扶風李攀、始平費他、氐苻成、隗伯等四千騎歸廞。 廞以庠為威寇將軍，封陽泉亭侯，委以心膂，使招合六郡壯勇至萬餘人，以斷北道。」」」」」」」
Xin styled himself Grand Commander-in-Chief, Grand General, and Governor of Yi, appointed staff, and replaced local officials. When court officials were summoned, none dared refuse. Li Xiu led Li Han, Ren Hui, Shangguan Chang, Li Pan, Fei Ta, Fu Cheng, Wei Bo, and four thousand horsemen to join Xin. Xin made Xiu General Who Subdues Bandits and Marquis of Yangquan, trusted him deeply, and had him gather more than ten thousand braves of six commanderies to block the northern road.”””””””