1
資治通鑑第084卷
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 84.
2
【晉紀六】起重光作噩，盡玄黓閹茂，凡二年。
【Jin Records 6】 From the first year of the Chongguang cycle through the last year of the Xuanque cycle—two years in all.
3
孝惠皇帝中之上永寧元年（ 辛酉，公元三零一年）
Emperor Xiaohui, middle reign, upper section, first year of Yongning ( xinyou, 301 CE)
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春，正月，以散騎常侍安定張軌為涼州刺史。 軌以時方多難，陰在保據河西之志，故求為涼州。 時州境盜賊縱橫，鮮卑為寇。 軌至，以宋配、汜瑗為謀主，悉討破之，威著西土。
In spring, in the first month, Palace Attendant Zhang Gui of Anding was appointed governor of Liang Province. Because the realm was in turmoil, Gui secretly aimed to secure the Hexi corridor for himself and had sought the Liang post for that reason. The province was overrun with bandits, and the Xianbei were raiding along the borders. Once Gui took office, he put Song Pei and Si Yuan in charge of planning, crushed every foe in turn, and his reputation spread throughout the west.
5
相國倫與孫秀使牙門趙奉詐傳宣帝神語云：「倫宜早入西宮。」 散騎常侍義陽王威，望之孫也，素諂事倫，倫以威兼侍中，使威逼奪帝璽綬，作禪詔，又使尚書令滿奮持節、奉璽綬禪位於倫。 左衛將軍王輿、前軍將軍司馬雅等帥甲士入殿，曉諭三部司馬，示以威賞，無敢違者。 張林等屯守諸門。 乙丑，倫備法駕入宮，即帝位，赦天下，改元建始。 帝自華林西門出居金墉城，倫使張衡將兵守之。
Chief Minister Sima Lun and Sun Xiu had gate officer Zhao Feng spread a forged oracle of Emperor Xuan, saying, "Lun should enter the Western Palace at once." Palace Attendant Sima Wei, Prince of Yiyang—a grandson of Wang Wang and a longtime flatterer of Lun—was made attendant-in-ordinary as well and ordered to wrest the imperial seal and cord from the emperor and draft the abdication edict. Lun then had Minister of Works Man Fen bear the staff of authority and present the regalia in formally yielding the throne to him. Left Guard General Wang Yu, Forward Army General Sima Ya, and others marched armored troops into the hall, addressed the officials of the Three Departments, and made the rewards and penalties plain; no one dared resist. Zhang Lin and others held all the palace gates. On the yichou day, Lun entered the palace in full imperial procession, took the throne, declared a general amnesty, and changed the era name to Jianshi. The emperor was sent out through the west gate of Hualin Park to live at Jincheng, and Lun stationed Zhang Heng with troops to guard him.
6
丙寅，尊帝為太上皇，改金墉曰永昌宮，廢皇太孫為濮陽王。 立世子荂為皇太子，封子馥為京兆王，虔為廣平王，詡為霸城王，皆侍中將兵。 以梁王肜為宰衡，何劭為太宰，孫秀為侍中、中書監、驃騎將軍、儀同三司，義陽王威為中書令，張林為衛將軍，其餘黨與，皆為卿、將，超階越次，不可勝紀； 下至奴卒，亦加爵位。 每朝會，貂蟬盈坐，時人為之諺曰：「貂不足，狗尾續。」 是歲，天下所舉賢良、秀才、孝廉皆不試，郡國計吏及太學生年十六以上者皆署吏； 守令赦日在職者皆封侯； 郡綱紀並為孝廉，縣綱紀並為廉吏。 府庫之儲，不足以供賜與。 應侯者多，鑄印不給，或以白板封之。
On the bingyin day, the emperor was styled Retired Emperor, Jincheng was renamed Yongchang Palace, and the heir apparent was demoted to Prince of Puyang. He named his heir Zan crown prince and enfeoffed his sons Fu as Prince of Jingzhao, Qian as Prince of Guangping, and Xu as Prince of Bacheng, each made attendant-in-ordinary with command of troops. Prince of Liang Sima Rong was made chief minister, He Shao grand tutor, and Sun Xiu attendant-in-ordinary, director of the secretariat, cavalry general-in-chief, and equal in protocol to the Three Excellencies; Sima Wei, Prince of Yiyang, became secretariat director and Zhang Lin guard general. Every other member of the clique was handed a ministerial or general's title, promoted far above his proper rank in numbers too great to list; even household slaves and runners were given noble ranks. At every court session the hall was packed with officials wearing cicada and fox-tail insignia, and contemporaries coined a saying: "When there are not enough sable tails, dog tails are sewn on." That year every worthy, cultivated-talent, and filial-and-incorrupt nominee in the empire was passed without examination; commandery and state accounting clerks and Imperial University students sixteen or older were all given official posts; every prefect and magistrate still in office on amnesty day was enfeoffed as a marquis; every commandery chief clerk was made a filial-and-incorrupt nominee and every county chief clerk an incorrupt official. The treasury could not keep pace with the largesse. So many men were being enfeoffed that the mint could not cast seals fast enough; some received blank boards in place of a proper seal.
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初，平南將軍孫旂之子弼、弟子髦、輔、琰皆附會孫秀，與之合族，旬月間致位通顯。 及倫稱帝，四子皆為將軍，封郡侯，以旂為車騎將軍、開府，旂以弼等受倫官爵過差，必為家禍，遣幼子回責之，弼等不從。 旂不能制，慟哭而已。
Earlier, Pacifying South General Sun Qi's son Bi and his nephews Mao, Fu, and Yan had all thrown in with Sun Xiu and been treated as one clan with him; within a month they had risen to conspicuous rank. After Lun took the throne, all four were made generals and enfeoffed as commandery marquises, and Qi was appointed chariots-and-cavalry general with his own staff. Qi believed Bi and the others had accepted ranks from Lun far above their due and would ruin the family; he sent his youngest son Hui to rebuke them, but they refused to listen. Qi could not restrain them and could only weep in despair.
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癸酉，殺濮陽哀王臧。 孫秀專執朝政，倫所出詔令，秀輒改更與奪，自書青紙為詔，或朝行夕改，百官轉易如流。 張林素與秀不相能，且怨不得開府，潛與太子荂箋，言：「秀專權不合眾心，而功臣皆小人，撓亂朝廷，可悉誅之。」 荂以書白倫，倫以示秀。 秀勸倫收林，殺之，夷其三族。 秀以齊王冏、成都王穎、河間王顒，各擁強兵，據方面，惡之。 乃盡用其親黨為三王參佐，加冏鎮東大將軍，穎征北大將軍，皆開府儀同三司，以寵安之。
On the guiyou day, Sima Zang, Lamented Prince of Puyang, was put to death. Sun Xiu held the government in his own hands: every edict Lun issued, Xiu would rewrite, grant, or revoke at will. He drafted edicts himself on blue paper, sometimes replacing a morning order by evening, and official appointments changed as swiftly as a stream. Zhang Lin had long been at odds with Xiu and also resented being denied an independent staff. He secretly wrote the crown prince Zan: "Xiu's monopoly on power has lost him the people's support, and his 'meritorious' followers are nothing but petty men sowing chaos at court—they should all be killed." Zan reported the letter to Lun, and Lun showed it to Xiu. Xiu persuaded Lun to arrest Lin, execute him, and wipe out three generations of his family. Xiu hated the Prince of Qi Sima Jiong, the Prince of Chengdu Sima Ying, and the Prince of Hejian Sima Yong, each of whom commanded large armies in his own territory. He therefore packed the three princes' staffs with his own kin and clients, gave Jiong the added title of pacifying-east general-in-chief and Ying that of campaigning-north general-in-chief, each with an open office and protocol equal to the Three Excellencies, hoping to buy their loyalty.
9
李庠驍勇得眾心，趙廞浸忌之而未言。 長史蜀郡杜淑、張粲說廞曰：「將軍起兵始爾，而遽遣李庠握強兵於外，非我族類，其心必異。 此倒戈授人也，宜早圖之。」 會庠勸廞稱尊號，淑，粲因白廞以庠大逆不道，引斬之，並其子姪十餘人。 時李特、李流皆將兵在外，廞遣人慰撫之曰：「庠非所宜言，罪應死。 兄弟罪不相及。」 復以特、流為督將。 特、流怨廞，引兵歸綿竹。
Li Xiang was a fierce fighter who had won the soldiers' loyalty, and Zhao Xin had begun to fear him but said nothing. Chief clerk Du Shu and Zhang Can of Shu Commandery urged Xin: "You have only just begun this rising, yet you already send Li Xiang to command a large force in the field. He is not one of us, and his loyalty cannot be trusted. You would be putting a sword in an enemy's hand. Deal with him before it is too late." When Xiang urged Xin to take an imperial title, Shu and Can denounced him for treason. Xin had him executed on the spot, along with more than ten sons and nephews. Li Te and Li Liu were both in the field at the time. Xin sent envoys to reassure them: "Xiang spoke out of turn and deserved death. A brother's crime does not touch his kin." He confirmed Te and Liu in their commands as supervising generals. Te and Liu were not appeased; they withdrew their troops to Mianzhu.
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廞牙門將涪陵許弇求為巴東監軍，杜淑、張粲固執不許，弇怒，手殺淑、粲於廞閤閣下，淑、粲左右復殺弇。 三人，皆廞之腹心也，廞由是遂衰。
Xin's gate general Xu Yan of Fuling asked to be made overseer of the Ba-Dong army, but Du Shu and Zhang Can flatly refused. In a rage Yan killed Shu and Can with his own hand in the commander's hall; their guards then killed Yan in turn. All three had been Xin's closest advisers, and from that moment his cause began to collapse.
11
廞遣長史犍為費遠、蜀郡太守李苾、督護常俊督萬餘人斷北道，屯綿竹之石亭。 李特密收兵得七千餘人，夜襲遠等軍，燒之，死者什八九，遂進攻成都。 費遠、李苾及軍祭酒張微，夜斬關走，文武盡散。 廞獨與妻子乘小船走，至廣都，為從者所殺。 特入成都，縱兵大掠，遣使詣洛陽，陳廞罪狀。
Xin sent chief clerk Fei Yuan of Qianwei, Shu commandery administrator Li Bi, and supervisor Chang Jun with more than ten thousand men to block the northern road and camp at Shiting in Mianzhu. Li Te quietly mustered more than seven thousand men, struck Yuan's camp by night, and burned it; eight or nine men in ten were killed, and he marched on Chengdu. Fei Yuan, Li Bi, and army libationer Zhang Wei broke out of the city by night and fled; the entire administration dissolved. Xin fled alone with his wife and children in a small boat, but when he reached Guangdu his own escort killed him. Te entered Chengdu, let his troops loot the city, and sent envoys to Luoyang listing Xin's crimes.
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初，梁州刺史羅尚，聞趙廞反，表「廞素非雄才，蜀人不附，敗亡可計日而待。」 詔拜尚平西將軍、益州刺史，督牙門王敦、蜀郡太守徐儉，廣漢太守辛冉等七千餘人入蜀。 特等聞尚來，甚懼，使其弟驤於道奉迎，並獻珍玩。 尚悅，以驤為騎督。 特、流復以牛酒勞尚於綿竹，王敦、辛冉說尚曰：「特等專為盜賊，宜因會斬之； 不然，必為後患。」 尚不從。 冉與特有舊，謂特曰：「故人相逢，不吉當凶矣。」 特深自猜懼。 三月，尚至成都。 汶山羌反，尚遣王敦討之，為羌所殺。 齊王冏謀討趙王倫，未發，會離狐王盛、穎川處穆聚眾於濁澤，百姓從之，日以萬數。 倫以其將管襲為齊王軍司，討盛、穆，斬之。 冏因收襲，殺之，與豫州刺史何勖、龍驤將軍董艾等起兵，遣使告成都王穎、河間王顒、常山王乂及南中郎將新野公歆，移檄征、鎮、州、郡、肥、國，稱：「逆臣孫秀，迷誤趙王，當共誅討。 有不從命者，誅及三族。」
Earlier, when Liang province governor Luo Shang heard that Zhao Xin had rebelled, he memorialized: "Xin was never a man of real ability, and the people of Shu will not follow him. His fall can be measured in days." The court appointed Shang pacifying-west general and inspector of Yi province and sent him into Shu at the head of gate officer Wang Dun, Shu administrator Xu Jian, Guanghan administrator Xin Ran, and more than seven thousand troops. Te and his followers were alarmed when they heard Shang was coming. Te sent his brother Xiang ahead to welcome him on the road with costly gifts. Shang was pleased and appointed Xiang cavalry supervisor. Te and Liu again entertained Shang with beef and wine at Mianzhu. Wang Dun and Xin Ran urged him: "These men are nothing but bandits. Strike now while you have them together; or they will surely become a lasting scourge." Shang refused. Ran, who knew Te of old, told him: "When old friends meet again, fortune turns to misfortune." Te took the remark as a deadly warning and grew deeply fearful. In the third month Shang entered Chengdu. The Wenshan Qiang rose in revolt. Shang sent Wang Dun against them, and the Qiang killed him. The Prince of Qi Sima Jiong was planning to move against the Prince of Zhao Sima Lun but had not yet marched when Wang Sheng of Lihu and Chu Mu of Yingchuan raised a host at Zhuo Marsh. Commoners flocked to them by the tens of thousands each day. Lun sent his general Guan Xi as army supervisor under the Prince of Qi's banner to crush Sheng and Mu and execute them. Jiong then arrested Xi and executed him, joined Inspector of Yu He Xu, Rapid-as-a-Dragon General Dong Ai, and others in raising an army, and sent envoys to the Prince of Chengdu Sima Ying, the Prince of Hejian Sima Yong, the Prince of Changshan Sima Ai, and Southern Gentlemen-of-the-House Sima Xin, Duke of Xinye. His proclamation went out to every expeditionary force, garrison, province, commandery, county, and kingdom: "The traitor Sun Xiu has misled the Prince of Zhao. Let us destroy them together. Anyone who refused would have three generations of his family put to death."
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使者至鄴，成都王穎召鄴令盧志謀之。 志曰：「趙王篡逆，人神共憤，殿下收英俊以從人望，杖大順以討之，百姓必不召自至，攘臂爭進，蔑不克矣！」 穎從之，以志為諮議參軍，仍補左長史。 志，毓之孫也。 穎以兗州刺史王彥、冀州刺史李毅、督護趙驤、石超等為前鋒，遠近響應； 至朝歌，眾二十餘萬。 超，苞之孫也。 常山王乂在其國，與太原內史劉暾各帥眾為穎後繼。
When the envoy reached Ye, the Prince of Chengdu Sima Ying summoned Ye magistrate Lu Zhi for counsel. Zhi said: "The Prince of Zhao has usurped the throne, and both men and gods are outraged. If Your Highness gathers the best talent to meet the people's hopes and marches under the banner of righteousness, the common folk will flock to you unbidden, eager to fight—and you cannot fail." Ying took his advice, made Zhi a consulting army adjutant, and also appointed him left chief clerk. Zhi was a grandson of Lu Yu. Ying appointed Yan inspector Wang Yan, Ji inspector Li Yi, and supervisors Zhao Xiang and Shi Chao to lead his vanguard, and supporters rallied from every quarter; by the time he reached Chaoge his force numbered more than two hundred thousand. Shi Chao was a grandson of Shi Bao. The Prince of Changshan Sima Ai, in his own domain, and Taiyuan interior minister Liu Dun each led troops to follow in Ying's rear.
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新野公歆得冏檄，未知所從。 嬖人王綏曰：「趙親而強，齊疏而弱，公宜從趙。」 參軍孫洵大言於眾曰：「趙王凶逆，天下當共誅之，何親疏強弱之有！」 歆乃從冏。
Duke of Xinye Sima Xin received Jiong's proclamation and could not decide which side to take. His favorite Wang Sui urged: "The Prince of Zhao is your close kinsman and holds the stronger hand; the Prince of Qi is more distant and weaker. You should side with Zhao." Army adjutant Sun Xun declared before the whole staff: "The Prince of Zhao is a villain and usurper. The empire must destroy him together. What does kinship or strength matter?" Xin then threw in with Jiong.
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前安西參軍夏侯奭在始平，合眾數千人以應冏，遣使邀河間王顒。 顒用長史隴西李含謀，遣振武將軍河間張方討擒奭及其黨，腰斬之。 冏檄至，顒執冏使送於倫，遣張方將兵助倫。 方至華陰，顒聞二王兵盛，復召方還，更附二王。
Former Anxi army adjutant Xiahou Shi was at Shiping. He raised several thousand men to join Jiong and sent envoys urging the Prince of Hejian Sima Yong to do the same. Yong took the advice of chief clerk Li Han of Longxi and sent quelling-martial general Zhang Fang of Hejian to capture Shi and his followers, then had them cut in two at the waist. When Jiong's proclamation arrived, Yong arrested Jiong's envoy and sent him to Lun, then dispatched Zhang Fang with troops to reinforce Lun. When Fang reached Huayin, Yong heard how strong the two princes' armies had grown, recalled him, and switched sides to join them.
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冏檄至揚州，州人皆欲應冏。 刺史郗隆，慮之玄孫也，以兄子鑒及諸子悉在洛陽，疑未決，悉召僚吏謀之。 主簿淮南趙誘、前秀才虞潭皆曰：「趙王篡逆，海內所疾； 今義兵四起，其敗必矣。 為明使君計，莫若自將精兵，逕赴許昌，上策也； 遣將將兵會之，中策也； 量遣小軍，隨形助勝，下策也。」 隆退，密與別駕顧彥謀之，彥曰：「誘等下策，乃上計也。」 治中留寶、主簿張褒、西曹留承聞之，請見，曰：「不審明使君今當何施？」 隆曰：「我俱受二帝恩，無所偏助，欲守州而己。」 承曰：「天下，世祖之天下也。 太上承代已久，今上取之，不平，齊王順時舉事，成敗可見。 使君不早發兵應之，狐疑遷延，變難將生，此州豈可保也！」 隆不應。 潭，翻之孫也。 隆停檄六日不下，將士憤怒。 參軍王邃鎮石頭，將士爭往歸之，隆遣從事於牛渚禁之，不能止。 將士遂奉邃攻隆，隆父子及顧彥皆死，傳首於冏。
When Jiong's proclamation reached Yang province, everyone there wanted to rally to him. Inspector Chi Long, a great-great-grandson of Chi Xu, hesitated because his nephew Jian and all his sons were hostages in Luoyang. He called his entire staff into council. Chief clerk Zhao You of Huainan and former cultivated-talent nominee Yu Tan both said: "The Prince of Zhao has usurped the throne, and the empire hates him for it. Righteous armies are rising everywhere. He is doomed. For Your Excellency, the best course is to lead your best troops yourself straight to Xuchang. The next best is to send a general with your army to join the coalition. The worst is to send only a token force to tag along after victory is already in sight." Long withdrew and took counsel privately with vice-prefect Gu Yan, who said: "What Zhao You called the worst plan is actually the wisest." Administrator Liu Bao, chief clerk Zhang Bao, and western bureau officer Liu Cheng heard of this, asked for an audience, and said: "We do not know what Your Excellency intends to do." Long replied: "I owe loyalty to both emperors and will take neither side. I mean only to hold this province." Cheng said: "The realm belongs to Emperor Wu. The Retired Emperor held the throne for years before the present ruler seized it from him—that was wrong. The Prince of Qi is acting with the times, and the outcome is already plain. If Your Excellency does not march now, hesitation will bring disaster, and this province will not be safe." Long gave no answer. Yu Tan was a grandson of Yu Fan. Long sat on Jiong's proclamation for six days without acting, and his officers and men grew furious. Army adjutant Wang Sui held Stone City, and troops rushed to join him. Long sent an aide to Niuzhu to stop them, but nothing could hold them back. The troops then backed Sui in an attack on Long. Long, his sons, and Gu Yan were all killed, and their heads were sent to Jiong.
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安南將軍、監沔北諸軍事孟觀，以為紫宮帝坐無他變，倫必不敗，乃為之固守。
Pacifying-south general and supervisor of military affairs north of the Han, Meng Guan, believed the astrological signs showed no change in the imperial seat and that Lun could not lose; he therefore stood firm on Lun's side.
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倫、秀聞三王兵起，大懼，詐為冏表曰：「不知何賊猝見攻圍，臣懦弱不能自固，乞中軍見救，庶得歸死。」 以其表宣示內外； 遣上軍將軍孫輔、折衝將軍李嚴帥兵七千自廷壽關出，征虜將軍張泓、左軍將軍蔡璜、前軍將軍閭和帥兵九千自崿阪關出，鎮軍將軍司馬雅、揚威將軍莫原帥兵八千自成皋關出，以拒冏。 遣孫秀子會督將軍士猗、許超帥宿衛兵三萬以拒穎。 召東平王楙為衛將軍，都督諸軍，又遣京兆王馥、廣平王虔帥兵八千為三軍繼援。 倫、秀日夜禱祈、厭勝以求福，使巫覡選戰日，又使人於嵩山著羽衣，詐稱仙人王喬，作書述倫祚長久，欲以惑眾。
When Sima Lun and Sun Xiu learned that the three princes had taken the field, they were terrified. They forged a dispatch in Sima Jiong's name: "Bandits of unknown origin have suddenly besieged me. I am too weak to hold my position and beg the Central Army to relieve me, that I may at least die in my own command." They published the forged memorial throughout the court and the capital; they sent Upper Army general Sun Fu and Break-the-Ranks general Li Yan with seven thousand men through Yanshou Pass; Zhang Hong, Cai Huang, and Lü He with nine thousand through Eban Pass; and Sima Ya and Mo Yuan with eight thousand through Chenggao Pass—all to block Sima Jiong. They dispatched Sun Xiu's son Sun Hui, with Shi Yi and Xu Chao supervising, at the head of thirty thousand imperial guards to hold off Sima Ying. They recalled the Prince of Dongping, Mao, as Defender General to command all forces, and sent the Princes of Jingzhao and Guangping, Fu and Qian, each with eight thousand men as a second echelon for the three field armies. Sima Lun and Sun Xiu prayed day and night and resorted to occult rites for luck. Shamans were told to pick auspicious battle days; a man was sent to Mount Song in immortal's robes to impersonate Wang Qiao and circulate writings promising a long reign for Lun, all to deceive the people.
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閏月，丙戌朔，日有食之。 自正月至於是月，五星互經天，縱橫無常。
In the intercalary month, on the new moon of bingxu, the sun was eclipsed. From the first month through this one, the five planets crossed the sky again and again in erratic paths.
20
張泓等進據陽翟，與齊王冏戰，屢破之。 冏軍穎陰，夏，四月，泓乘勝逼之，冏遣兵逆戰。 諸軍不動，而孫輔、徐建軍夜亂，逕歸洛自首曰：「齊王兵盛，不可當，泓等已沒矣！」 趙王倫大恐，秘之，而召其子虔及許超還。 會泓破冏露布至，倫乃復遣之。 泓等悉帥諸軍濟穎攻冏營，冏出兵擊其別將孫髦、司馬譚等，破之，泓等乃退。 孫秀詐稱已破冏營，擒得冏，令百官皆賀。
Zhang Hong advanced and seized Yangzhai, then fought Sima Jiong, Prince of Qi, defeating him again and again. Jiong held Yingyin. In summer, the fourth month, Hong pressed the advantage; Jiong sent troops out to meet him. The main armies held their ground, but Sun Fu's and Xu Jian's columns mutinied at night, fled straight to Luoyang, and reported: "The Prince of Qi's force is overwhelming—we cannot stand against it. Hong and the rest are already destroyed!" Sima Lun, Prince of Zhao, was terrified. He suppressed the report and recalled his son Qian and Xu Chao. When Hong's victory dispatch against Jiong arrived, Lun sent him back to the front. Hong led the whole force across the Ying to storm Jiong's camp. Jiong sallied out against subordinates Sun Mao and Sima Tan, routed them, and Hong pulled back. Sun Xiu falsely announced that Jiong's camp had been taken and Jiong captured, and ordered the whole bureaucracy to offer congratulations.
21
成都王穎前鋒至黃橋，為孫會、士猗、許超所敗，殺傷萬餘人，士眾震駭。 穎欲退保朝歌，盧志、王彥曰：「今我軍失利，敵新得志，有輕我之心。 我若退縮，士氣沮衄，不可復用。 且戰何能無勝負！ 不若更選精兵，星行倍道，出敵不意，此用兵之奇也。」 穎從之。 倫賞黃橋之功，士猗、許超與孫會皆持節，由是各不相從，軍政不一，且恃勝輕穎而不設備。 穎帥諸軍擊之，大戰於湨水，會等大敗，棄軍南走。 穎乘勝長驅濟河。
Sima Ying's vanguard reached Huangqiao and was crushed by Sun Hui, Shi Yi, and Xu Chao. More than ten thousand were killed or wounded, and his army was stunned. Ying wanted to fall back on Chaoge. Lu Zhi and Wang Yan said: "We have just lost a battle. The enemy is fresh from victory and will take us lightly. If we retreat now, morale will collapse and these troops will never fight well again. Besides, no battle is won every time! Better to pick a fresh elite force, march by night at double speed, and strike where they do not expect us—that is the classic surprise attack." Ying took their advice. Lun rewarded the victors at Huangqiao. Shi Yi, Xu Chao, and Sun Hui each held independent command authority, so they would not coordinate; civil and military orders diverged, and flushed with victory they despised Ying and took no precautions. Ying led his host against them. At the Zhu River they fought a great battle; Hui and his colleagues were routed and fled south, abandoning their army. Ying pressed the victory in a long pursuit across the river.
22
自冏等起兵，百官將士皆欲誅倫、秀，秀懼，不敢出中書省； 及聞河北軍敗，憂懣不知所為。 孫會、許超、士猗等至，與秀謀。 或欲收餘卒出戰； 或欲焚宮室，誅不附己者，挾倫南就孫旂、孟觀； 或欲乘船東走入海，計未決。 辛酉，左衛將軍王輿與尚書陵公漼帥營兵七百餘人，自南掖門入宮，三部司馬為應於內，攻孫秀、許超、士猗於中書省，皆斬之，遂殺孫奇、孫弼及前將軍謝惔等，漼，人由之子也。 王輿屯雲龍門，召八坐皆入殿中，使倫為詔曰：「吾為孫秀所誤，以怒三王，今已誅秀。 其迎太上皇復位，吾歸老於農畝。」 傳詔以騶虞幡敕將士解兵。 黃門將倫自華林東門出，及太子荂皆還汶陽裡第，遣甲士數千迎帝於金墉城。 百姓咸稱萬歲。 帝自端門入，升殿，群臣頓首謝罪。 詔送倫、荂付金墉城。 廣平王虔自河北還，至九曲，聞變，棄軍，將數十人歸裡第。
Ever since Jiong and the others had risen, officials and soldiers alike wanted Lun and Xiu dead. Xiu was afraid to step outside the Secretariat; when news came that the northern army had been beaten, he was frantic and could think of nothing to do. Sun Hui, Xu Chao, and Shi Yi arrived and held council with Xiu. Some urged rallying the survivors for one more battle; some proposed burning the palace, killing everyone who would not follow them, and escorting Lun south to Sun Qi and Meng Guan; some wanted to take ship and flee east to the sea. No plan was settled. On xinyou, Left Guard general Wang Yu and the Duke of Ling, Cui, a minister of the Secretariat, led just over seven hundred garrison troops in through the Southern Flank Gate while the three department Simas rose inside. They struck Sun Xiu, Xu Chao, and Shi Yi in the Secretariat and beheaded them all, then killed Sun Qi, Sun Bi, and former Forward Army general Xie Yan. Cui was a son of Ren You. Wang Yu held the Cloud Dragon Gate, called in the eight chief ministers, and had Lun issue an edict: "Sun Xiu misled me and provoked the three princes. Xiu is now dead. Welcome the Retired Emperor back to the throne. I will retire to the fields." The edict was carried forth on the zouyu banner, ordering all troops to disarm. Yellow Gate guards led Lun out through the east gate of Hualin Park; the crown prince Fen went with him back to Wenyang Lane. Thousands of armored men were sent to bring the emperor from Jincheng. The people shouted "Long live the emperor!" The emperor entered through the Duan Gate, took the throne, and the ministers kowtowed in apology. An edict sent Lun and Fen to be held at Jincheng. The Prince of Guangping, Qian, was marching back from the north. At Jiuqu he heard what had happened, abandoned his army, and rode home with only a few dozen followers.
23
癸亥，赦天下，改元，大酺五日，分遣使者慰勞三王。 梁王肜等表：「趙王倫父子凶逆，宜伏誅。」 丁卯，遣尚書袁敞持節賜倫死，收其子荂、馥、虔、詡，皆誅之。 凡百官為倫所用者皆斥免，台、省、府、衛，僅有存者，是日，成都王穎至。 己巳，河間王顒至。 穎使趙驤、石超助齊王冏討張泓等於陽翟，泓等皆降。 自兵興六十餘日，戰鬥死者近十萬人。 斬張衡、閭和、孫髦於東市，蔡璜自殺。 五月，誅議陽王威。 襄陽太守宗岱承冏檄斬孫旂，永饒冶令空桐機斬孟觀，皆傳首洛陽，夷三族。 立襄陽王尚為皇太孫。
On guihai the empire was amnestied, the era name changed, and the court feasted for five days. Envoys were sent separately to congratulate the three princes. Sima Rong, Prince of Liang, and others memorialized: "Sima Lun, Prince of Zhao, and his sons are traitors who deserve death." On dingmao, Yuan Chang of the Secretariat was sent with the imperial staff to grant Lun death. His sons Fen, Fu, Qian, and Xu were seized and executed. Every official Lun had appointed was dismissed. Of the central offices and guards almost no one remained in post. That same day Sima Ying, Prince of Chengdu, reached the capital. On jisi, Sima Yong, Prince of Hejian, arrived. Ying sent Zhao Xiang and Shi Chao to help Jiong finish off Zhang Hong at Yangzhai. Hong and his command surrendered. The fighting had lasted more than sixty days; nearly a hundred thousand had died in battle. Zhang Heng, Lü He, and Sun Mao were beheaded at the Eastern Market. Cai Huang took his own life. In the fifth month, Sima Wei, Prince of Yiyang, was put to death. Xiangyang prefect Zong Dai, acting on Jiong's warrant, beheaded Sun Qi; Yongrao magistrate Kongtong Ji beheaded Meng Guan. Their heads were sent to Luoyang and all three men's clans were exterminated. The Prince of Xiangyang, Shang, was named imperial great-grandson.
24
六月，乙卯，齊王冏帥眾入洛陽，頓軍通章署，甲士數十萬，威震京都。
In the sixth month, on yimao, Sima Jiong, Prince of Qi, entered Luoyang at the head of his host and camped at the Tongzhang offices with hundreds of thousands of armored men, dominating the capital.
25
戊辰，赦天下。
On wuchen the empire was amnestied again.
26
復封賓徒王晏為吳王。
Sima Yan, Prince of Bintu, was reinstated as Prince of Wu.
27
甲戌，詔以齊王冏為大司馬，加九錫，備物典策，如宣、景、文、武輔魏故事； 成都王穎為大將軍，都督中外諸軍事，假黃鉞，錄尚書事，加九錫，入朝不趨，劍履上殿； 河間王顒為侍中、太尉，加三賜之禮； 常山王乂為撫軍大將軍，領左軍。 進廣陵公漼爵為王，領尚書，加侍中； 進新野公歆爵為王，都督荊州諸軍事，加鎮南大將軍。 齊、成都、河間三府，各置掾屬四十人，武號森列，文官備員而已，識者知兵之未戢也。 己卯，以梁王肜為太宰，領司徒。
On jiaxu an edict named Jiong Grand Marshal with the Nine Bestowals, full ritual regalia and written patent, on the model of the great ministers who had assisted Cao Wei; Ying as Grand General supervising all armies at home and abroad, with the yellow battle-axe, control of Secretariat affairs, the Nine Bestowals, exemption from hurrying at court, and permission to wear sword and shoes in the throne hall; Yong as Attendant-in-Chief and Grand Commandant with the honors of the three bestowals; and Yi, Prince of Changshan, as Pacification Army Grand General commanding the Left Army. Duke of Guangling Cui was raised to prince, put in charge of the Secretariat, and made Attendant-in-Chief; and Duke of Xinye Xin was raised to prince, made commander of all military affairs in Jing province, and named Pacification South Grand General. The three princely establishments of Qi, Chengdu, and Hejian each took on forty staff officers. Military titles crowded the rolls while civil posts were mere placeholders—anyone with judgment could see the war was not over. On jimao, Sima Rong, Prince of Liang, was made Grand Mentor and also Grand Steward.
28
光祿大夫劉蕃女為趙世子荂妻，故蕃及二子散騎侍朗輿、冠軍將軍琨皆為趙王倫所委任。 大司馬冏以琨父子有才望，特宥之，以輿為中書朗，琨為尚書左丞。 又以前司徒王戎為尚書令，劉暾為御史中丞，王衍為河南尹。
Liu Fan, a minister of the palace, had given his daughter to Lun's heir Fen in marriage, so Fan and his sons Yu and Kun had all been trusted appointees of Lun. Grand Marshal Jiong spared the Kun family for their reputation and talent, making Yu a secretariat officer and Kun left assistant director of the Secretariat. He also named the former Grand Steward Wang Rong Secretariat Director, Liu Dan imperial censor, and Wang Yan intendant of Henan.
29
新野王歆將之鎮，與冏同乘謁陵，因說冏曰：「成都王至親，同建大勳，今宜留之與輔政； 若不能爾，當奪其兵權。」 常山王乂與成都王穎俱拜陵，乂謂穎曰：「天下者，先帝之業，王宜維正之。」 聞其言者莫不憂懼。 盧志謂穎曰：「齊王眾號百萬，與張泓等相持不能決； 大王逕前濟河，功無與貳。 然今齊王欲與大王共輔朝政。 志聞兩雄不俱立，宜因太妃微疾，求還定省，委重齊王，以收四海之心，此計之上也。」 穎從之。 帝見穎於東堂，慰勞之。 穎拜謝曰：「此大司馬冏之勳，臣無豫焉。」 因表稱冏功德，宜委以萬機，自陳母疾，請歸籓。 即辭出，不復還營，便謁太廟，出自東陽城門，遂歸鄴。 遣信與冏別，冏大驚，馳出送穎，至七里澗，及之。 穎住車言別，流涕滂沱，惟以太妃疾苦為憂，不及時事。 由是士民之譽皆歸穎。
Sima Xin, Prince of Xinye, was leaving for his post. He rode with Jiong to the imperial tombs and urged him: "Ying is your close kinsman and helped win this war. Keep him in the capital to share power; if you will not do that, strip him of his troops." Sima Yi, Prince of Changshan, and Ying both paid their respects at the tombs. Yi told Ying: "The realm is our late father's legacy. You ought to set it right." Everyone who overheard him was alarmed. Lu Zhi told Ying: "Jiong claims a million men yet could not finish Zhang Hong at Yangzhai; you crossed the river and won the war almost alone. Now he wants you to share power at court. Two strong men cannot rule one court. Use your mother's slight illness as an excuse to go home and leave Jiong in charge. You will win the empire's goodwill—that is the best move." Ying agreed. The emperor received Ying in the Eastern Hall and praised him warmly. Ying bowed and said: "This victory belongs to Grand Marshal Jiong. I had no part in it." He then memorialized that Jiong's merit entitled him to full control of government, cited his mother's illness, and asked to return to his fief. He left at once without returning to camp, paid respects at the Imperial Ancestral Temple, went out through the Eastern Yang Gate, and rode for Ye. He sent word to take leave of Jiong. Jiong was stunned, galloped out after him, and caught up at Qili Ravine. Ying halted his carriage for a last farewell, weeping freely, speaking only of his mother's illness and not a word of politics. From that day public praise flowed to Ying.
30
冏辟新興劉殷為軍諮祭酒，洛陽令曹攄為記室督，尚書郎江統、陽平太守河內苟晞參軍事，吳國張翰為東曹掾，孫惠為戶曹掾，前廷尉正顧榮及順陽王豹為主簿。 惠，賁之曾孫； 榮，雍之孫也。 殷幼孤貧，養曾祖母，以孝聞，人以谷帛遺之，殷受而不謝，直云：「待後貴當相酬耳。」 及長，博通經史，性倜儻有大志，儉而不陋，清而不介，望之頹然而不可侵也。 冏以何勖為中領軍，董艾典樞機，又封其將佐有功者葛旟、路秀、衛毅、劉真、韓泰皆為縣公，委以心膂，號曰「五公」。
Jiong recruited Liu Yin of Xingliu as army adviser, Luoyang magistrate Cao Shuai as secretariat supervisor, Jiang Tong and former interior minister of Hanoi Gou Xi as staff officers, Zhang Han of Wu as eastern bureau clerk, Sun Hui as household bureau clerk, and former director of justice Gu Rong and the Prince of Shunyang, Bao, as chief clerks. Sun Hui was a great-grandson of Sun Fen; Gu Rong was a grandson of Gu Yong. Yin had been orphaned young and poor. He raised his great-grandmother and was known for filial piety. When neighbors gave him grain or cloth he accepted without thanks, saying only: "When I am rich I will repay you." Grown, he mastered the classics and histories, was bold and ambitious, frugal without meanness, upright without harshness—people saw a relaxed man they dared not slight. Jiong made He Xun central army commander and Dong Ai keeper of the keys. He enfeoffed his able lieutenants Ge Yang, Lu Xiu, Wei Yi, Liu Zhen, and Han Tai as county dukes, trusted them as his inner circle, and called them the "Five Dukes."
31
成都王穎至鄴，詔遣使者就申前命； 穎受大將軍，讓九錫殊禮。 表論興義功臣，皆封公侯。 又表稱：「大司馬前在陽翟，與賊相持既久，百姓困敝，乞運河北邸閣米十五萬斛，以振陽翟饑民。」 造棺八千餘枚，以成都國秩為衣服，斂祭黃橋戰士，旌顯其家，加常戰亡二等。 又命溫縣瘞趙王倫戰士萬四千餘人。 皆盧志之謀也。 穎形美而神昏，不知書，然氣性敦厚，委事於志，故得成其美焉。 詔復遣使諭穎入輔，並使受九錫。 穎嬖人孟玖不欲還洛，又程太妃愛戀鄴都，故穎終辭不拜。
When Ying reached Ye, the court sent envoys to confirm his earlier appointment; he accepted the post of Grand General but declined the Nine Bestowals and other extraordinary honors. He memorialized on behalf of the righteous coalition and had every meritorious commander enfeoffed as duke or marquis. “He also asked that Grand Marshal Jiong, who had held Yangzhai for a long time while the people suffered, be allowed to ship one hundred fifty thousand hu of grain from the Hebei granaries to feed the hungry there.” He had more than eight thousand coffins made, paid for burial clothes from the Chengdu principality revenue, buried and honored the dead of Huangqiao, praised their families publicly, and raised the rank of ordinary war dead by two degrees. He ordered Wen county to bury more than fourteen thousand of Lun's soldiers. All of this was Lu Zhi's counsel. Ying was handsome but dull, illiterate yet good-natured. He left affairs to Lu Zhi, and so his virtues shone. The court again sent envoys urging Ying to return and assist the government and to accept the Nine Bestowals. His favorite Meng Jiu did not want to go back to Luoyang, and Princess Dowager Cheng loved Ye, so Ying finally refused.
32
初，大司馬冏疑中書郎陸機為趙王倫撰禪詔，收，欲殺之。 大將軍穎為之辯理，得免死，因表為平原內史，以其弟雲為清河內史。 機友人顧榮及廣陵戴淵，以中國多難，勸機還吳。 機以受穎全濟之恩，且謂穎有時望，可與立功，遂留不去。
Earlier, Grand Marshal Jiong had suspected secretariat officer Lu Ji of drafting Lun's abdication edict for him. Ji was arrested and Jiong meant to execute him. Grand General Ying spoke for him and saved his life. Ying then had him appointed interior minister of Pingyuan and his brother Yun interior minister of Qinghe. His friends Gu Rong and Dai Yuan of Guangling, seeing turmoil across the central plains, urged Ji to go home to Wu. Ji felt bound by Ying's kindness in sparing his life and believed Ying still had a future in which they might achieve something together, so he stayed.
33
秋，七月，復封常山王乂為長沙王，遷開府，驃騎將軍。
In autumn, in the seventh month, the Prince of Changshan, Sima Yi, was again enfeoffed as Prince of Changsha, given an open office, and appointed Cavalry General-in-Chief.
34
東萊王蕤，凶暴使酒，數陵侮大司馬冏，又從冏求開府不得而怨之，密表冏專權，與左衛將軍王輿謀廢冏。 事覺，八月，詔廢蕤為庶人，誅輿三族，徒蕤於上庸； 上庸內史陳鐘承冏旨潛殺之。
The Prince of Dailai, Sima Rui, was violent and drunken and repeatedly humiliated Grand Marshal Jiong. When Jiong refused his request for an open office, Rui turned against him. He secretly reported Jiong's monopoly of power and conspired with Left Guard General Wang Yu to remove him. When the plot was exposed, an edict in the eighth month reduced Rui to commoner rank, put Wang Yu's clan to death through the third degree of kinship, and banished Rui to Shangyong. Chen Zhong, interior minister of Shangyong, carried out Jiong's orders and had him killed in secret.
35
赦天下。
The empire was granted a general amnesty.
36
東武公澹坐不孝徙遼東。 九月，征其弟東安王繇復舊爵，拜尚書左僕射。 繇舉東平王楙為平東將軍、都督徐州諸軍事，鎮下邳。
The Duke of Dongwu, Sima Dan, was found guilty of unfilial conduct and banished to Liaodong. In the ninth month his younger brother, the Prince of Dong'an, Sima Yao, was recalled and restored to his former title and made Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. Yao had the Prince of Dongping, Sima Mao, appointed General Who Pacifies the East and put in command of all military affairs in Xuzhou, with his headquarters at Xiapi.
37
初，朝廷符下秦、雍州，使召還流民入蜀者，又遣御史馮該、張昌督之。 李特兄輔自略陽至蜀，言中國方亂，不足復還。 特然之，累遣天水閻式詣羅尚求權停至秋，又納賂於尚及馮該； 尚、該許之。 朝廷論討趙廞功，拜特宣威將軍，弟流奮武將軍，皆封侯。 璽書下益州，條列六郡流民與特同討廞者，將加封賞。 廣漢太守辛冉欲以滅廞為己功，寢朝命，不以實上，眾咸怨之。
Earlier the court had ordered Qin and Yong provinces to recall the refugees who had gone into Shu, and sent censors Feng Gai and Zhang Chang to enforce it. Li Te's elder brother Fu arrived in Shu from Lueyang and told him the heartland was in chaos and there was no point in going back. Te agreed. Again and again he sent Yan Shi of Tianshui to Luo Shang to plead for a stay until autumn, and he also bribed Shang and Feng Gai. Shang and Gai agreed. When the court weighed merit in putting down Zhao Yin, Te was made General Who Proclaims Might and his brother Liu General Who Stirs Martial Valor; both received marquisates. An imperial rescript reached Yizhou with a roster of refugees from the six commanderies who had fought Yin alongside Te, promising them further honors and rewards. Xin Ran, administrator of Guanghan, wanted the glory of destroying Yin for himself. He sat on the court's orders and never reported what had really happened, and everyone grew bitter toward him.
38
羅尚遣從事督遣流民，限七月上道。 時流民布在梁、益，為人傭力，聞州郡逼遣，人人愁怨，不知所為； 且水潦方盛，年谷未登，無以為行資。 特復遣閻式詣尚，求停至冬； 辛冉及犍為太守苾以為不可。 尚舉別駕蜀郡杜苾秀才，式為苾說逼移利害，苾亦欲寬流民一年； 尚用冉、苾之謀，不從； 苾乃致秀才板，出還家。 冉性貪暴，欲殺流民首領，取其資貨，乃與苾白尚，言：「流民前因趙廞之亂，多所剽掠，宜因移設關以奪取之。」 尚移書令梓潼太守張演於諸要施關，搜索寶貨。
Luo Shang sent officials to press the refugees to leave, with orders to be on the road by the seventh month. The refugees were spread across Liang and Yi, hiring themselves out for wages. When word came that the provinces were driving them out, dread spread through every camp and no one knew which way to turn. Floods were still raging, the harvest was not in, and they had nothing to live on for the journey. Te sent Yan Shi to Shang again to ask for a delay until winter. Xin Ran and Li Bi, prefect of Jianwei, refused. Shang had named Du Bi of Shu commandery as his registrar. Shi laid out for Bi the damage a forced move would do, and Bi too wanted to give the refugees another year. Shang took Ran and Bi's advice and would not budge. Bi handed back his registrar's tablet and went home. Ran was greedy and cruel and wanted to kill refugee leaders and take their property. He and Bi told Shang, "During Zhao Yin's revolt these people looted far and wide. Use the move as a pretext—set checkpoints and strip them of what they carry." Shang ordered Zitong prefect Zhang Yan to set up barriers at the choke points and search out their valuables.
39
特數為流民請留，流民皆感而恃之，多相帥歸特。 特乃結大營於綿竹以處流民，移辛冉求自寬。 冉大怒，遣人分榜通衢，購募特兄弟，許以重賞。 特見之，悉取以歸，與弟驤改其購云：「能送六郡之豪李、任、閻、趙、楊、上官及氐、叟侯王一首，賞百匹。」 於是流民大懼，歸特者愈眾，旬月間過二萬人。 流亦聚眾數千人。
Te kept petitioning for the refugees to remain, and they came to trust him. More and more bands chose him as their head. Te pitched a great camp at Mianzhu for the refugees and asked Xin Ran to ease the pressure. Ran flew into a rage and had notices posted on every highway, offering a rich price for the Te brothers' heads. Te collected the notices and, with his brother Xiang, rewrote them: "One hundred bolts of cloth for whoever brings in a head from the great houses of the six commanderies—Li, Ren, Yan, Zhao, Yang, Shangguan—or from the Di and Sao kings." The refugees were terrified. Still more flocked to Te, and in little more than a month his following passed twenty thousand. His brother Liu mustered several thousand men of his own.
40
特又遣閻式詣羅尚求申期，式見營柵衝要，謀掩流民，歎曰：「民心方危，今而速之，亂將作矣。」 又知辛冉、李苾意不可回，乃辭尚還綿竹。 尚謂式曰：「子且以吾意告諸流民，今聽寬矣。」 式曰：「明公惑於奸說，恐無寬理。 弱而不可輕者民也，今趣之不以理，眾怒難犯，恐為禍不淺。」 尚曰：「然。 吾不欺子，子其行矣！」 式至綿竹，言於特曰：「尚雖云爾，然未可信也。 何者？ 尚威刑不立，冉等各擁強兵，一旦為變，亦非尚所能制，深宜為備。」 特從之。 冬，十月，特分為二營，特居北營，流居東營，繕甲厲兵，戒嚴以待之。
Te sent Yan Shi to Shang once more for more time. Shi saw stockades across the passes, meant to trap the refugees, and said, "Their hearts are already frayed. Push them now and you will have rebellion." He saw that Ran and Li Bi would not bend, bade Shang farewell, and went back to Mianzhu. Shang told him, "Carry my word to the refugees—they may have more time." Shi replied, "You are listening to traitors. I do not believe there will be any reprieve. The people seem weak, but they must not be slighted. Hound them without right and their wrath will be impossible to hold back. The ruin may be deep." Shang said, "You are right. I will not lie to you. Go." At Mianzhu he told Te, "Shang spoke fairly, but you cannot trust him yet. Why? Shang cannot enforce his will. Ran and the rest command their own armies. If something snaps, Shang will not be able to stop it. Arm yourself now." Te took his counsel. In winter, in the tenth month, Te split his force into two camps: he took the north, Liu the east. They repaired armor, sharpened blades, and waited under strict guard.
41
冉、苾相與謀曰：「羅侯貪而無斷，日復一日，令流民得展奸計。 李特兄弟並有雄才，吾屬將為所虜矣！ 宜為決計，羅侯不足復問也！」 乃遣廣漢都尉曾元、牙門張顯、劉並等潛帥步騎三萬襲特營； 羅尚聞之，亦遣督護田佐助元。 元等至，特安臥不動，待其眾半入，發伏擊之，死者甚眾。 殺田佐、曾元、張顯，傳首以示尚、冉。 尚謂將佐曰：「此虜成去矣，而廣漢不用吾言以張賊勢，今若之何！」
Ran and Bi schemed together. "Luo is greedy and cannot decide. Day by day he lets the refugees plot. The Te brothers are born leaders. We are going to be their prisoners! We must act now. There is no point in asking Luo again." They sent Guanghan commandant Zeng Yuan, gate officers Zhang Xian and Liu Bing, and others to steal upon Te's camp with thirty thousand foot and horse. When Shang heard, he sent supervisor Tian Zuo to reinforce Yuan. Yuan's men arrived to find Te seemingly asleep. When half the column was inside the camp, Te sprang his ambush. The dead were beyond counting. He killed Tian Zuo, Zeng Yuan, and Zhang Xian and sent their heads to Shang and Ran. Shang told his staff, "The rebels are beyond recall, and Guanghan ignored me and fed their strength. What now?"
42
於是六郡流民李含等共推特行鎮北大將軍，承製封拜； 以其弟流行鎮東大將軍，號東督護，以相鎮統； 又以兄輔為驃騎將軍，弟驤為驍騎將軍，進兵攻冉於廣漢。 尚遣李苾、費遠帥眾救冉，畏特，不敢進。 冉出戰，屢敗，潰圍奔德陽。 特入據廣漢，以李超為太守，進兵攻尚於成都。 尚以書諭閻式，式復書曰：「辛冉傾巧，曾元小豎，李叔平非將帥之材。 式前為節下及杜景文論留、徙之宜，人懷桑梓，孰不願之！ 但往日初至，隨谷庸賃，一室五分，復值秋潦，乞須冬熟，而終不見聽。 繩之太過，窮鹿抵虎。 流民不肯延頸受刀，以致為變。 即聽式言，寬使治嚴，不過去九月盡集，十月進道，令達鄉里，何有如此也！」
Then Li Han and other refugee leaders from the six commanderies urged Te to take the title General Who Pacifies the North and issue his own commissions and enfeoffments. They made his brother Liu General Who Pacifies the East, Eastern Supervisor, so the two could command as one. His elder brother Fu became Cavalry General-in-Chief and his younger brother Xiang Valiant Cavalry General, and they marched on Ran in Guanghan. Shang sent Li Bi and Fei Yuan to relieve Ran, but they were afraid of Te and would not move. Ran fought and lost again and again, broke out of the ring, and fled to Deyang. Te took Guanghan, installed Li Chao as administrator, and pressed Shang at Chengdu. Shang wrote to admonish Yan Shi. Shi answered, "Xin Ran is sly, Zeng Yuan a boy, Li Shuping no soldier. I pleaded with you and Du Jingwen to let them stay or go in due season. Every man longs for home. Who would not want to go back? When they came they worked for a pittance, five parts in ten to the landlord. Floods followed. They asked only to wait for the winter harvest. No one listened. You pulled the rope too hard. A deer at bay will charge a tiger. They would not offer their necks to the knife. That is how this began. Had you taken my counsel—let them pack, gather by month's end in the ninth, march in the tenth, and reach their villages—how would we be here?"
43
特以兄輔、弟驤、子始、蕩、雄及李含、含子國、離、任回、李攀、攀弟恭、上官晶、任臧、楊褒、上官悖等為將帥，閻式、李遠等為僚佐。 羅尚素貪殘，為百姓患。 特與蜀民約法三章，施捨振貸，禮賢拔滯，軍政肅然，蜀民大悅。 尚頻為特所敗，乃阻長圍，緣郫水作營，連延七百里，與特相拒，求救於梁州及南夷校尉。
Te appointed his kin and allies—Fu, Xiang, Shi, Dang, Xiong, Li Han and Han's son Guo, Li, Ren Hui, Li Pan and Pan's brother Gong, Shangguan Jing, Ren Zang, Yang Bao, Shangguan Bei—as generals, with Yan Shi and Li Yuan among his advisers. Luo Shang had long been greedy and brutal, a curse to the people. Te proclaimed a three-article law for Shu, gave alms and loans, honored talent and lifted the overlooked, and kept army and state in order. The people of Shu rejoiced. Shang lost battle after battle to Te, drew a long cordon, and for seven hundred li along the Pi River built camps to hold him off, while begging Liang Province and the southern tribes command for help.
44
十二月，穎昌康公何劭薨。
In the twelfth month the Duke of Yingchang, He Shao, died.
45
封太司馬冏子冰為樂安王，英為濟陽王，超為淮南王。
Jiong's sons Bing, Ying, and Chao were made princes of Le'an, Jiyang, and Huainan.
46
孝惠皇帝中之上太安元年（ 壬戌，公元三零二年）
Emperor Xiaohui, middle reign, upper section, first year of Taian ( renxu, 302 CE)
47
春，三月，沖太孫尚薨。
In spring, in the third month, heir apparent Chong, Sima Shang, died.
48
夏，五月，乙酉，梁孝王肜薨。
In summer, on the fifth month's yiyou day, the Prince of Liang, Sima Bian, died.
49
以右光祿大夫劉寔為太傅； 尋以老病罷。
Liu Shi, Right Director of the Masters of Writing, was made Grand Tutor. Soon afterward he was removed on account of age and illness.
50
河間王顒遣督護衙博討李特，軍於梓潼； 朝廷復以張微為廣漢太守，軍於德陽； 羅尚遣督護張龜軍於繁城。 特使其子鎮軍將軍蕩等襲博； 而自將擊龜，破之。 蕩敗博兵於陽沔，梓潼太守張演委城走，巴西丞毛植以郡降。 蕩進攻博於葭萌，博走，其眾盡降。 河間王顒更以許雄為梁州刺史。 特自稱大將軍、益州牧，都督梁、益二州諸軍事。
The Prince of Hejian, Sima Yong, sent supervisor Ya Bo against Li Te, encamping at Zitong. The court again named Zhang Wei administrator of Guanghan, with his force at Deyang. Luo Shang sent supervisor Zhang Gui to camp at Fancheng. Te sent his son Dang, General Who Stabilizes the Army, against Bo. He led the main force against Gui and broke him. At Yangmian, Dang routed Bo. Zhang Yan, prefect of Zitong, fled an empty city, and Mao Zhi, assistant in Brazilian commandery, surrendered his province. Dang drove Bo from Jiameng. Bo ran, and his whole army came over. Sima Yong replaced Bo with Xu Xiong as inspector of Liang. Te took the titles Grand General, Governor of Yizhou, and commander of all forces in Liang and Yi.
51
大司馬冏欲久專大政，以帝子孫俱盡，大將軍穎有次立之勢； 清河王覃，遐之子也，方八歲，乃上表請立之。 癸卯，立覃為皇太子，以冏為太子太師，東海王越為司空，領中書監。
Grand Marshal Jiong meant to rule alone for good. With the emperor's sons and grandsons dead, Grand General Ying stood next in line for the throne. The Prince of Qinghe, Sima Tan, Xia's son, was only eight. Jiong memorialized to make him heir. On guimao day Tan was named crown prince. Jiong became Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent and the Prince of Donghai, Sima Yue, Director of Works with charge of the Secretariat.
52
秋，八月，李特攻張微，微擊破之，遂進攻特營。 李蕩引兵救之，山道險狹，蕩力戰而前，遂破微兵。 特欲還涪，蕩及司馬王幸諫曰：「微軍已敗，智勇俱竭，宜乘銳氣遂禽之。」 特復進攻微，殺之，生禽微子存，以微喪還之。
In autumn, in the eighth month, Li Te attacked Zhang Wei. Wei beat him back and pressed on to Te's camp. Li Dang came up to help. The pass was tight; he fought forward foot by foot and shattered Wei's line. Te meant to pull back to Fu. Dang and marshal Wang Xing urged him on: "Wei is broken—mind and nerve spent. Press the advantage and take him." Te attacked again, killed Wei, took his son Cun alive, and sent Wei's body home.
53
特以其將寋碩守德陽。 李驤軍毘橋，羅尚遣軍擊之，屢為驤所敗，驤遂進攻成都，燒其門。 李流軍成都之北，尚遣精勇萬人攻驤，驤與流合擊，大破之，還者什一二。 許雄數遣軍攻特，不勝，特勢益盛。
He left his general Ning Shuo to hold Deyang. Li Xiang camped at Piqiao. Shang sent troops against him, lost again and again, and Xiang pushed on to Chengdu and set fire to its gates. Li Liu held the north of the city. Shang sent ten thousand elites against Xiang. Xiang and Liu struck together and broke them—barely one in ten came back. Xu Xiong attacked Te again and again without winning, and Te's power only swelled.
54
建寧大姓李睿、毛詵逐太守杜俊，朱提大姓李猛逐太守雍約，以應特，眾各數萬。 南夷校尉李毅討破之，斬詵； 李猛奉箋降，而辭意不遜，毅誘而殺之。 冬，十一月，丙戌，復置寧州，以毅為刺史。
In Jianning the great houses Li Rui and Mao Shen drove out prefect Du Jun; in Zhuti Li Meng drove out Yong Yue—each rising for Te with tens of thousands behind him. Colonel of the Southern Yi Li Yi crushed them and beheaded Shen. Li Meng sent a letter of submission, insolent in tone. Yi enticed him in and killed him. In winter, in the eleventh month, on the day bingxu, Ning Province was restored and Li Yi was appointed inspector.
55
齊武閔王冏既得志，頗驕奢擅權，大起府第，壞公私廬舍以百數，制與西宮等，中外失望。 侍中嵇紹上疏曰：「存不忘亡，《易》之善戒也。 臣願陛下無忘金墉，大司馬無忘穎上，大將軍無忘黃橋，則禍亂之萌無由而兆矣。 又與冏書，以為「唐、虞茅茨，夏禹卑宮。 今大興第捨，及為三王立宅，豈今日之所急邪！」 冏遜辭謝之，然不能從。
Once Sima Jiong, Prince of Qi and Duke of Wu Min, had his victory, he turned arrogant and grasping. He threw up palaces by the hundred, tore down public and private houses alike, and built to match the Western Palace. Court and country lost heart. Ji Shao, attendant-in-ordinary, wrote in: "The Changes teach a good warning: hold fast to life, but never forget how easily it is lost. I beg Your Majesty to remember Jinyong, the Grand Marshal to remember Ying, the Great General to remember Huangqiao—then the first stirrings of ruin will never find a foothold. He wrote to Jiong as well: "Tang and Yu lived under thatch; Yu of Xia kept his halls low. You are raising mansions on every side and building homes for three princes. Is that what the realm needs now?" Jiong answered with thanks and apology, but he would not change course.
56
冏耽於宴樂，不入朝見； 坐拜百官，符敕三台； 選舉不均，嬖寵用事。 殿中御史桓豹奏事，不先經冏府，即加考竟。 南陽處士鄭方上書諫冏曰：「今大王安不慮危，燕樂過度，一失也； 宗室骨肉，當無纖介，今則不然，二失也； 蠻夷不靜，大王謂功業已隆，不以為念，三失也； 兵革之後，百姓窮困，不聞振救，四失也； 大王與義兵盟約，事定之後，賞不□俞時，而今猶有功未論者，五失也。」 冏謝曰：「非子，孤不聞過。」
Jiong drowned himself in feasts and song and stopped coming to court; he sat while officials bowed to him and sent orders straight to the Three Platforms; promotions were rigged and pet lovers ran the government. Palace censor Huan Bao reported a matter without routing it through Jiong's office. Jiong had him interrogated to death on the spot. Zheng Fang of Nanyang, a recluse, sent Jiong a remonstrance: "You rest easy and never think of peril, yet feast beyond measure—that is your first fault; clan kin should stand without a hair's breadth between them, yet now they do not—your second fault; the frontier is unsettled, yet you treat your work as done and look away—that is the third; after war the people are broken, and no relief reaches them—the fourth; you swore rewards to the righteous armies, yet when the fighting ended payment lagged, and merit still goes unreckoned—that is the fifth." Jiong replied, "But for you, I would never have heard my faults."
57
孫惠上書曰：「天下有五難、四不可，而明公皆居之。 冒犯鋒刃，一難也； 聚致英豪，二難也； 與將士均勞苦，三難也； 以弱勝強，四難也； 興復皇業，五難也。 大名不可久荷，大功不可久任，大權不可久執，大威不可久居。 大王行其難而不以為難，處其不可而謂之可，惠竊所不安也。 明公宜思功成身退之道。 崇親推近，委重長沙、成都二王，長揖掃籓，則太伯，子臧不專美於前矣。 今乃忘高亢之可危，貪權勢以受疑，雖遨遊高台之上，逍遙重墉之內，愚竊謂危亡之憂，過於在穎、翟之時也。」 冏不能用。 惠辭疾去。 冏謂曹攄曰：「或勸吾委權還國，何如？」 攄曰：「物禁太盛，大王誠能居高慮危，褰裳去之，斯善之善者也。 冏不聽。
Sun Hui wrote in: "The world knows five hardships and four things that cannot last, and you, my lord, stand in every one of them. To face naked steel—that is the first hardship; to rally heroes to your banner—the second; to share camp and march with your men—the third; to beat the strong with the weak—the fourth; to raise the house of Jin again—the fifth. Great fame cannot be carried forever, nor great merit held, nor great power wielded, nor great dread kept. You do what others call impossible and treat it as ordinary. That, my lord, is what unsettles me. Think, my lord, of finishing the task and leaving the stage. Elevate your kin, lean on the princes of Changsha and Chengdu, bow out to guard the realm, and you will match the Grand Duke and Prince Zang without letting them alone wear the glory. You forget that the higher you stand the harder the fall, and clutch office until men doubt you. You may stroll your high halls and thick walls, yet I believe you are in graver danger than at Ying or Di. Jiong would not take his counsel. Hui pleaded illness and left. Jiong asked Cao Shu, "Some tell me to hand back power and go home to my fief. What do you think?" Shu answered, "When a thing peaks it must break. If you can live high yet think low, gather your skirts and walk away—that is the best of goods. Jiong would not hear it.
58
張翰、顧榮皆慮及禍，翰因秋風起，思菰榮、蓴羹、鱸魚鱠，歎曰：「人生貴適志耳，富貴何為！」 即引去。 榮故酣飲，不省府事，長史葛旟以其廢職，白冏徙榮為中書侍郎。 穎川處士庾袞聞冏期年不朝，歎曰：「晉室卑矣，禍亂將興！」 帥妻子逃於林慮山中。
Zhang Han and Gu Rong both feared ruin. When the autumn wind rose, Han longed for home cooking—wild rice, water-shield broth, sliced perch—and sighed, "Life is about following your heart. What is rank for?" He resigned at once. Rong drank on and ignored the office. Chief clerk Ge Yi reported his neglect, and Jiong shifted him to attendant of the secretariat. Yu Gun of Yingchuan, a recluse, heard that Jiong had not come to court in a year and said, "Jin is sinking. Trouble is coming." He took his family and fled into the Linlu hills.
59
王豹致箋於冏曰：「伏思元康已來，宰相在位，未有一人獲終者，乃事勢使然，非皆為不善也。 今公克平禍亂，安國定家，乃復尋覆車之軌，欲冀長存，不亦難乎！ 今河間樹根於關右，成都盤桓於舊魏，新野大封於江、漢，三王各以方剛強盛之年，並典戎馬，處要害之地，而明公以難賞之功，挾震主之威，獨據京都，專執大權，進則亢龍有悔，退則據於蒺藜，冀此求安，未見其福也。」 因請悉遣王侯之國，依周、召之法，以成都王為北州伯，治鄴； 冏自為南州伯，治宛； 分河為界，各統王侯，以夾輔天子。 冏優令答之。 長沙王冏見豹箋，謂冏曰：「小子離間骨肉，何不銅馳下打殺！」 冏乃奏豹讒內間外，坐生猜嫌，不忠不義，鞭殺之。 豹將死，曰：「縣吾頭大司馬門，見兵之攻齊也！」
Wang Bao wrote Jiong: "Since Yuankang, no chief minister has died in office of old age. That is the way power works, not proof that every man was wicked. You ended the turmoil and steadied the realm, yet you tread the same rut as the men who fell before you and still hope to last. How can that be easy? Hejian is rooted in the west, Chengdu holds old Wei, Xinye is planted on the Jiang and Han. Three young princes command armies on the choke points, while you, my lord, with unrewarded merit and a presence that shadows the throne, hold Luoyang alone. Advance, and you face the dragon's pride; retreat, and you stand on thorns. I see no safety in this path. He urged Jiong to send every prince to his fief, as in the days of the Zhou regents, making the Prince of Chengdu northern regional lord at Ye; Jiong himself would be southern regional lord at Wan; the Yellow River would divide their realms, and each would flank the Son of Heaven with armed kin. Jiong answered with a polite letter and did nothing. The Prince of Changsha read Bao's note and told Jiong, "This boy sows discord in the clan. Why not beat him to death under the bronze camels?" Jiong accused Bao of slandering kin and splitting the court, then had him flogged to death. Bao cried at the block, "Hang my head on the Grand Marshal's gate and you will see troops come against Qi!"
60
冏以河間王顒本附趙王倫，心常恨之。 梁州刺史安定皇甫商，與顒長史李含不平。 含被征為翊軍校尉，時商參冏軍事，夏侯奭兄亦在冏府。 含心不自安，又與冏右司馬趙驤有隙，遂單馬奔顒，詐稱受密詔，使顒誅冏，因說顒曰：「成都王至親，有大功，推讓還籓，甚得眾心。 齊王越親而專政，朝廷側目。 今檄長沙王使討齊，齊王必誅長沙，吾因以為齊罪而討之，必可禽也。 去齊立成都，除逼建親，以安社稷，大勳也。」 顒從之。 是時，武帝族弟范陽王虓都督豫州諸軍事。 顒上表陳冏罪狀，且言：「勒兵十萬，欲與成都王穎、新野王歆、范陽王虓共合洛陽，請長沙王乂廢冏還第，以穎代冏輔政。」 顒遂舉兵，以李含為都督，帥張方等趨洛陽，復遣使邀穎，穎將應之，盧志諫，不聽。
Jiong still resented Yong of Hejian for having sided with Sima Lun. Huangfu Shang of Anding, governor of Liang, feuded with Yong's chief clerk Li Han. Han was called up as colonel of the guard army. Shang was then on Jiong's staff, and an elder brother of the Xiahou clan served in Jiong's office as well. Uneasy in Luoyang and at odds with Jiong's right chief of staff Zhao Xiang, Han fled alone to Yong, claiming a secret order to kill Jiong. He told Yong, "The Prince of Chengdu is close kin with great merit. He gave up power and went home, and the realm loves him for it. The Prince of Qi is more distant yet rules alone, and the court watches with narrowed eyes. Summon the Prince of Changsha against Qi. Qi will kill Changsha, and we can march on Qi as the man who murdered kin. He will fall. Topple Qi, raise Chengdu, ease coercion and knit the clan, and steady the altars. That would be a great deed. Yong agreed. At that time the Prince of Fanyang, Sima Chao, a clansman of Emperor Wu, directed all military affairs of Yu Province. Yong sent up a bill of Jiong's crimes and wrote that he was raising a hundred thousand men to join Chengdu, Xinye, and Fanyang at Luoyang, asking Changsha to depose Jiong and send him home while Ying took the regency. Yong marched, put Li Han in command, and led Zhang Fang toward Luoyang. He invited Ying again. Ying meant to answer, but Lu Zhi warned him off and he would not listen.
61
十二月，丁卯，顒表至。 冏大懼，會百官議之，曰：「孤首唱義兵，臣子之節，信著神明。 今二王信讒作難，將若之何？」 尚書令王戎曰：「公勳業誠大，然賞不及勞，故人懷貳心。 今二王兵盛，不可當也。 若以王就第，委權崇讓，庶可求安。」 冏從事中郎葛旟怒曰：「三台納言，不恤王事。 賞報稽緩，責不在府。 讒言逆亂，當其誅討，奈何虛承偽書，遽令公就第乎！ 漢、魏以來，王侯就第，寧有得保妻子者邪？ 議者可斬！」 百官震悚失色，戎偽藥發墮廁，得免。
In the twelfth month, on the day dingmao, Yong's memorial reached Luoyang. Jiong was terrified and called the officials in. He said, "I was first to raise the righteous armies. A subject's duty, plain to heaven and earth. Now two princes heed lies and rise against me. What am I to do?" Wang Rong, minister of works, said, "Your deeds are great, but rewards lagged behind labor, so hearts are divided. Their armies are strong. You cannot face them. Go to your fief, yield power, bow low, and you may buy peace." Ge Yi, Jiong's attendant gentleman, blazed back: "The Three Platforms speak up yet spare no thought for the prince's house. Slow pay is not this office's fault. These are forged charges and open revolt. Punish them. Why swallow a fake letter and tell the prince to go home? Since Han and Wei, has any prince who went to his fief kept his wife and children alive? Whoever says that may be beheaded!" The hall went white with fear. Rong faked a fit, fell into a latrine, and lived.
62
李含屯陰盤，張方帥兵二萬軍新安，檄長沙王乂使討冏。 冏遣董艾襲乂，乂將左右百餘人馳入宮，閉諸門，奉天子攻大司馬府，董艾陳兵宮西，縱火燒千秋神武門。 冏使人執騶虞幡唱云：「長沙王矯詔。」 乂又稱「大司馬謀反」。 是夕，城內大戰，飛矢雨集，火光屬天。 帝幸上東門，矢集御前，群臣死者相枕。 連戰三日，冏眾大敗，大司馬長史趙淵殺何勖，因執冏以降。 冏至殿前，帝惻然，欲活之。 乂叱左右趣牽出，斬於閶闔門外，徇首六軍，同黨皆夷三族，死者二千餘人。 囚冏子超、冰、英於金墉城，廢冏弟北海王寔。 赦天下，改元。 李含等聞冏死，引兵還長安。
Li Han camped at Yinpan. Zhang Fang took twenty thousand men to Xin'an and called on Changsha to attack Jiong. Jiong sent Dong Ai against him. Yi raced into the palace with a little over a hundred guards, shut the gates, put the emperor at his back, and stormed the Grand Marshal's house. Dong Ai lined up west of the palace and burned the Qianqiu and Shenwu gates. Jiong's men raised the zouyu banner and cried that Changsha had forged an edict. Yi answered that the Grand Marshal was in revolt. That night the city became a battlefield. Arrows fell like rain and flames licked the sky. The emperor reached the Upper East Gate. Arrows clustered at his feet. Ministers died in heaps. Three days of fighting broke Jiong's host. His chief clerk Zhao Yuan killed He Xun and seized Jiong. Jiong was brought before the throne. The emperor pitied him and wished to spare him. Yi ordered his guards to drag Jiong out and cut off his head at the Changhe Gate. The head was shown to the six armies. Partisans were wiped out to the third degree. More than two thousand died. Jiong's sons Chao, Bing, and Ying were shut in Jinyong. His brother, the Prince of Beihai, was deposed. The empire was pardoned and the reign era changed. Li Han and the rest, hearing Jiong was dead, marched back to Chang'an.
63
長沙王乂雖在朝廷，事無鉅細，皆就鄴諮大將軍穎。 穎以孫惠為參軍，陸雲為右司馬。
Though Changsha held court, every matter, great or small, was carried to Ye for Ying's word. Ying made Sun Hui his aide and Lu Yun his right chief of staff.
64
是歲，陳留王薨，謚日魏元皇帝。
That year the Prince of Chenliu died and was posthumously titled Emperor Yuan of Wei.
65
鮮卑宇文單于莫圭部眾強盛，遣其弟屈雲攻慕容廆，廆擊其別帥素怒延，破之。 素怒延恥之，復發兵十萬，圍廆於棘城。 廆眾皆懼，廆曰：「素怒延兵雖多而無法制，已在吾算中矣，諸君但為力戰，無所憂也！」 遂出擊，大破之，追奔百里，俘斬萬計。 遼東孟暉，先沒於宇文部，帥其眾數千家降於廆，廆以為建威將軍。 廆以其臣慕輿句勤恪廉靖，使掌府庫； 句心計默識，不案簿書，始終無漏。 以慕輿河明敏精審，使典獄訟，覆訊清允。」」
The Xianbei chieftain Mo Gui of the Wenyuan tribe was strong. He sent his brother Quyun against Murong Hui. Hui struck Quyun's detached commander Sunuyan and broke him. Shamed, Sunuyan raised a hundred thousand men and besieged Hui at Jicheng. Hui's men were afraid. Hui said, "Sunuyan's horde is huge but lawless. I have already reckoned him out. Fight hard and do not fear." He sallied forth, crushed them, chased them a hundred li, and took or killed tens of thousands. Meng Hui of Liaodong, once lost among the Wenyuan, brought several thousand families to surrender. Hui made him general who establishes might. Hui set Murong Ju, honest and steady, over the storehouses; Ju kept accounts in his head without opening ledgers, and nothing slipped through. He made the sharp-eyed Murong He oversee prisons. Retrials came out clear and fair.””