1
資治通鑑第085卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 85
2
【晉紀七】起昭陽大淵獻，盡閼逢困敦，凡二年。
[Jin Annals 7] From the year Zhaoyang Dayuanxian through Efeng Kundun—two years in all.
3
孝惠皇帝中之下太安二年（ 癸亥，公元三零三年）
Emperor Hui of Jin, middle reign, lower section, second year of Taian ( guihai, AD 303)
4
春，正月，李特潛渡江擊羅尚，水上軍皆散走。 蜀郡太守徐儉以少城降，特入據之，惟取馬以供軍，餘無侵掠，赦其境內，改元建初。 羅尚保太城，遣使求和於特。 蜀民相聚為塢者，皆送款於特，特遣使就撫之； 以軍中糧少，乃分六郡流民於諸塢就食。 李流言於特曰：「諸塢新附，人心未固，宜質其大姓子弟，聚兵自守，以備不虞。」 又與特司馬上官惇書曰：「納降如待敵，不可易也。」 前將軍雄亦以為言。 特怒曰：「大事已定，但當安民，何為更逆加疑忌，使之離叛乎！」
In spring, the first month, Li Te secretly crossed the river to attack Luo Shang, and all the government forces on the water scattered and fled. Xu Jian, prefect of Shu Commandery, surrendered Shaocheng. Li Te entered and took possession, seizing only horses for his army and plundering nothing else; he proclaimed an amnesty within his domain and adopted the era name Jianchu. Luo Shang held fast in Taicheng and sent envoys to sue for peace with Li Te. The Shu populace who had banded together in fortified stockades all pledged allegiance to Li Te, and he sent envoys to reassure and win them over; With provisions in the army running low, he dispersed refugees from the six commanderies among the stockades to live off local supplies. Li Liu said to Li Te, "These stockades have only just come over, and loyalty is still uncertain. You ought to hold the sons of their leading families as hostages, mass your troops, and stand guard against surprise." He also wrote to Li Te's major-general Shangguan Dun: "Treat those who surrender as you would an enemy—never let your guard down." Li Xiong, the forward general, said the same. Li Te flew into a rage. "The great struggle is won," he said. "All that remains is to reassure the people. Why heap fresh suspicion on them and drive them back into revolt?"
5
朝廷遣荊州刺史宗岱、建平太守孫阜帥水軍三萬以救羅尚。 岱以阜為前鋒，進逼德陽。 特遣李蕩及蜀郡太守李璜就德陽太守任臧共拒之。 岱、阜軍勢甚盛，諸塢皆有貳志。 益州兵曹從事蜀郡任睿言於羅尚曰：「李特散眾就食，驕怠無備，此天亡之時也。 宜密約諸塢，刻期同發，內外擊之，破之必矣！」 尚使睿夜縋出城，宣旨於諸塢，期以二月十日同擊特。 睿因詣特詐降。 特問城中虛實，睿曰：「糧儲將盡，但餘貨帛耳。」 睿求出省家，特許之，遂還報尚。 二月，尚遣兵掩襲特營，諸塢皆應之，特兵大敗，斬特及李輔、李遠，皆焚屍，傳首洛陽。 流民大懼，李流、李蕩、李雄收餘眾還保赤祖。 流自稱大將軍、大都督、益州牧，保東宮，蕩、雄保北營。 孫阜破德陽，獲寋碩，任臧退屯涪陵。
The court sent Zong Dai, inspector of Jing Province, and Sun Fu, administrator of Jianping, to lead thirty thousand river troops to relieve Luo Shang. Dai placed Sun Fu in the van and pressed toward Deyang. Li Te sent Li Dang and Li Huang, prefect of Shu Commandery, to join Ren Zang, administrator of Deyang, in the defense. The armies of Dai and Fu were formidable, and every stockade began to waver in its allegiance. Ren Rui of Shu Commandery, a clerk in the Yizhou military bureau, told Luo Shang, "Li Te has scattered his men to live off the stockades. They are arrogant, slack, and off their guard. Heaven itself has opened the moment to destroy them. Secretly concert with every stockade, fix a day for a joint attack, and strike him from within and without. He cannot fail to be broken!" Luo Shang had Rui let down from the walls by night on a rope to carry the imperial order to the stockades, setting the tenth day of the second month for a concerted strike against Li Te. Rui then went to Li Te and pretended to defect. Li Te asked about conditions in the city. Rui replied, "Grain is almost gone. Only goods and silks are left." He asked permission to visit his family, and Li Te granted it; Rui then went back and reported to Luo Shang. In the second month Luo Shang launched a surprise assault on Li Te's camp. Every stockade rose in answer. Li Te's army was routed; Te himself, with Li Fu and Li Yuan, was killed, the bodies burned, and the heads dispatched to Luoyang. The refugee host was thrown into panic. Li Liu, Li Dang, and Li Xiong rallied the survivors and fell back to defend Chizu. Li Liu took the titles Grand General, Grand Commander-in-Chief, and Governor of Yizhou, and held the eastern strongpoint; Li Dang and Li Xiong held the northern camp. Sun Fu took Deyang, captured Jian Shuo, and Ren Zang withdrew to encamp at Fuling.
6
三月，羅尚遣督護何沖、常深等攻李流，涪陵民藥紳等亦起兵攻流。 流與李驤拒深，使李蕩、李雄拒紳。 何沖乘虛攻北營，氐苻成、隗伯在營中，叛應之。 蕩母羅氏擐甲拒戰，伯手刃傷其目，羅氏氣益壯； 營垂破，會流等破深、紳，引兵還，與沖等戰，大破之，成、伯帥其黨突出詣尚。 流等乘勝進抵成都，尚復閉城自守。 蕩馳馬逐北，中矛而死。
In the third month Luo Shang sent the supervisors He Chong and Chang Shen against Li Liu, while Yao Shen and other men of Fuling also took up arms against him. Li Liu and Li Xiang met Chang Shen in battle, while Li Dang and Li Xiong were sent to hold off Yao Shen. He Chong struck at an opening and assaulted the northern camp. Fu Cheng of the Di and Wei Bo, who were inside, turned traitor and joined him. Li Dang's mother, Lady Luo, buckled on armor and fought back. Wei Bo struck her in the eye with his own blade, yet her spirit only burned hotter; the camp was near collapse when Li Liu and the others routed Chang Shen and Yao Shen, wheeled about, and fell on He Chong's force, breaking it completely. Fu Cheng and Wei Bo broke out with their followers and fled to Luo Shang. Riding their victory, Li Liu and his brothers pressed on to Chengdu. Luo Shang once more barred the gates and held the city. Li Dang galloped in pursuit of the retreating enemy and was killed by a spear thrust.
7
朝廷遣侍中燕國劉沈假節統羅尚、許雄等軍，討李流。 行至長安，河間王顒留沈為軍師，遣席薳代之。
The court sent Liu Shen of Yan, a palace attendant bearing the credential staff, to take command of the forces of Luo Shang, Xu Xiong, and others against Li Liu. When he reached Chang'an, Sima Yong, Prince of Hejian, kept Liu Shen as his military adviser and sent Xi Nao to take his place.
8
李流以李特、李蕩繼死，宗岱、孫阜將至，甚懼。 李含勸流降，流從之； 李驤、李雄迭諫，不納。 夏，五月，流遣其子世及含子胡為質於阜軍； 胡兄離為梓潼太守，聞之，自郡馳還，欲諫不及。 退，與雄謀襲阜軍，雄曰：「為今計，當如是； 而二翁不從，奈何？」 離曰：「當劫之耳！」 雄大喜，乃共說流民曰：「吾屬前已殘暴蜀民，今一旦束手，便為魚肉。 惟有同心襲阜，以取富貴耳！」 眾皆從之。 雄遂與離襲擊阜軍，大破之。 會宗岱卒於墊江，荊州軍遂退。 流甚慚，由是奇雄才，軍事悉以任之。
Li Liu was deeply alarmed. Li Te and Li Dang were dead in turn, and Zong Dai and Sun Fu were closing in. Li Han urged Li Liu to submit, and Liu agreed; Li Xiang and Li Xiong pleaded with him again and again, but he would not listen. In summer, the fifth month, Li Liu sent his son Shi and Li Han's son Hu as hostages to Sun Fu's camp; Li Li, Hu's elder brother and administrator of Zitong, heard the news and raced back from his post, but arrived too late to dissuade them. He withdrew and plotted with Li Xiong to strike Sun Fu's army. Xiong said, "Under the circumstances, that is what we ought to do— but the two elders will not hear of it. What can we do?" Li Li said, "Then we seize them by force!" Li Xiong was delighted, and together they rallied the refugees: "We have already ravaged the people of Shu. If we now lay down our arms, we will be butchered like fish on a block. Our only hope is to strike Sun Fu together and win wealth and rank!" The whole host assented. Li Xiong and Li Li then fell on Sun Fu's camp and broke it completely. About the same time Zong Dai died at Dianjiang, and the armies of Jing Province withdrew. Li Liu was deeply ashamed, and from that moment he recognized Li Xiong's genius and entrusted him with all military matters.
9
新野莊王歆，為政嚴急，失蠻夷心，義陽蠻張昌聚黨數千人，欲為亂。 荊州以壬午詔書發武勇赴益州討李流，號「壬午兵」。 民憚遠征，皆不欲行。 詔書督遣嚴急，所經之界停留五日者，二千石免官。 由是郡縣官長皆親出驅逐； 展轉不遠，輒復屯聚為群盜。 時江夏大稔，民就食者數千口。 張昌因之誑惑百姓，更姓名曰李辰，募眾於安陸石巖山，請流民及避戍役者多往從之。 太守弓欽遣兵討之，不勝。 昌遂攻郡，欽兵敗，與部將朱伺奔武昌，歆遣騎督靳滿討之，滿覆敗走。
Sima Xin, Prince Zhuang of Xinye, ruled with harsh severity and lost the loyalty of the tribal peoples. Zhang Chang, a man of the Yiyang tribes, gathered several thousand followers and prepared to rebel. On the strength of the renwu edict, Jing Province mobilized fighting men for an expedition to Yizhou against Li Liu. They were known as the "Renwu troops." The people dreaded the long march and were unwilling to go. The edict pressed for swift dispatch with brutal urgency: any district where men lingered five days would see its chief official removed. Commandery and county magistrates therefore went out in person to drive the levies forward; but scarcely had they marched a short distance before the men would gather again and turn to banditry. Jiangxia had enjoyed a bumper harvest, and several thousand people came there seeking food. Zhang Chang seized the opportunity to mislead the populace. He changed his name to Li Chen and raised followers on Shiyan Mountain in Anlu. Refugees and men fleeing corvée duty flocked to him in great numbers. Gong Qin, the administrator, sent troops against him but was defeated. Zhang Chang then attacked the commandery seat. Gong Qin's force was broken, and he fled to Wuchang with his lieutenant Zhu Si. Sima Xin sent the cavalry supervisor Jin Man against him, but Jin Man was routed and driven off.
10
昌遂據江夏，造妖言云：「當有聖人出為民主。」 得山都縣吏丘沈，更其姓名曰劉尼，詐雲漢後，奉以為天子，曰：「此聖人也。」 昌自為相國，詐作鳳皇、玉璽之瑞，建元神鳳； 郊禮、服色，悉依漢故事。 有不應募者，族誅之，士民莫敢不從。 又流言：「江、淮已南皆反，官軍大起，當悉誅之。」 互相扇動，人情惶懼。 江、沔間所在起兵以應昌，旬月間眾至三萬，皆著絳帽，以馬尾作髯。 詔遣監軍華宏討之，敗於障山。
Zhang Chang seized Jiangxia and spread sorcerous rumors: "A sage will arise to rule the people." He took Qiu Shen, a clerk of Shandu County, changed his name to Liu Ni, and falsely proclaimed him a descendant of the Han. Zhang Chang set him up as emperor, declaring, "This is the sage." He made himself chancellor of state, forged omens of phoenixes and a jade seal, and proclaimed the era name Yuanfeng; sacrifices, regalia, and ceremonial colors all followed Han precedent. Anyone who refused to enlist saw his entire clan put to death. Gentry and commoners alike dared not disobey. He also spread word that "the lands south of the Yangzi and Huai have all risen, and when the government armies march in force, every one of you will be killed." People whipped one another into panic, and terror spread everywhere. Uprisings answered Zhang Chang all along the Yangzi and Han valleys. Within a month his following reached thirty thousand, each man wearing a crimson cap and a beard made of horsehair. The court sent the army supervisor Hua Hong against him, but Hong was defeated at Zhang Mountain.
11
歆上言：「妖賊犬羊萬計，絳頭毛面，挑刀走戟，其鋒不可當。 請台敕諸軍三道救助。」 朝廷以屯騎校尉劉喬為豫州刺史，寧塑將軍沛國劉弘為荊州刺史。 又詔河間王顒遣雍州刺史劉沈將州兵萬人，並征西府五千人出藍田頭以討昌。 顒不奉詔； 沈自領州兵至藍田，顒又逼奪其眾。 於是劉喬屯汝南，劉弘及前將軍趙驤、平南將軍羊伊屯宛。 昌遣其將黃林帥二萬人向豫州，劉喬擊卻之。
Sima Xin memorialized the throne: "The sorcerous rebels swarm in their tens of thousands like dogs and sheep, crimson-capped and bearded, blades in hand and halberds at the run—their onset cannot be stopped. I beg the court to order relief armies to advance on three fronts." The court named Liu Qiao, commandant of garrison cavalry, inspector of Yuzhou, and Liu Hong of Pei, pacification general, inspector of Jingzhou. It also ordered Sima Yong, Prince of Hejian, to send Liu Shen, inspector of Yong Province, with ten thousand provincial troops plus five thousand from the western campaign headquarters through Lantian Pass against Zhang Chang. Yong ignored the edict; Liu Shen marched his provincial troops to Lantian on his own authority, but Yong seized his army from him by force. Liu Qiao then encamped at Runan, while Liu Hong, the forward general Zhao Xiang, and the pacifier of the south Yang Yi took position at Wan. Zhang Chang sent his general Huang Lin with twenty thousand men against Yuzhou, but Liu Qiao beat him back.
12
初，歆與齊王冏善，冏敗，歆懼，自結於大將軍穎。 及張昌作亂，歆表請討之。 時長沙王乂已與穎有隙，疑歆與穎連謀，不聽歆出兵，昌眾日盛。 從事中郎孫洵謂歆曰：「公為岳牧，受閫外之托，拜表輒行，有何不可！ 而使奸凶滋蔓，禍釁不測，豈籓翰王室、鎮靜方夏之義乎！」 歆將出兵，王綏曰：「昌等小賊，偏裨自足制之，何必違詔命，親矢石也！」 昌至樊城，歆乃出拒之。 眾潰，為昌所殺。 詔以劉弘代歆為鎮南將軍，都督荊州諸軍事。 六月，弘以南蠻長史廬江陶侃為大都護，參軍蒯恆為義軍督護，牙門將皮初為都戰帥，進據襄陽。 張昌並軍圍宛，敗趙驤軍，殺羊伊。 劉弘退屯梁。 昌進攻襄陽，不克。
Earlier Sima Xin had been allied with Sima Jiong, Prince of Qi. When Jiong fell, Xin grew fearful and threw in his lot with the grand general Sima Ying. When Zhang Chang rebelled, Xin petitioned for permission to campaign against him. By then Sima Yi, Prince of Changsha, was already at odds with Sima Ying and suspected Xin of conspiring with him. He refused to let Xin take the field, and Zhang Chang's following grew day by day. Sun Xun, an attendant gentleman, told Xin, "You are a frontier governor entrusted with power beyond the passes. What harm is there in memorializing the court and marching at once? To let villains spread unchecked while calamity gathers— is that the duty of one who should shield the throne and pacify the realm?" Xin was preparing to march when Wang Sui said, "Zhang Chang is a petty bandit. A subordinate general is enough to handle him. Why defy the edict and expose yourself to battle?" When Zhang Chang reached Fancheng, Xin at last went out to meet him. His army broke, and Zhang Chang killed him. An edict named Liu Hong to replace Xin as general who pacifies the south and commander-in-chief of all military affairs in Jing Province. In the sixth month Hong appointed Tao Kan of Lujiang, chief clerk for the southern tribes, grand protector; Kuai Heng, a staff officer, protector of the righteous army; and Pi Chu, a gate officer, chief battle commander. He advanced and took Xiangyang. Zhang Chang united his forces and besieged Wan, routed Zhao Xiang's army, and killed Yang Yi. Liu Hong fell back to encamp at Liang. Zhang Chang attacked Xiangyang but failed to capture it.
13
李雄攻殺汶山太守陳圖，遂取郫城。
Li Xiong attacked and killed Chen Tu, administrator of Wenshan, and seized Picheng.
14
秋，七月，李流徒屯郫。 蜀民皆保險結塢，或南入寧州，或東下荊州。 城邑皆空，野無煙火，流虜掠無所得，士眾饑乏。 唯涪陵千餘家，依青城山處士范長生； 平西參軍涪陵徐輿說羅尚，求為汶山太守，邀結長生，與共討流。 尚不許，輿怒，出降於流，流以輿為安西將軍。 輿說長生，使資給流軍糧，長生從之。 流軍由是復振。
In autumn, the seventh month, Li Liu shifted his camp to Pi. The people of Shu all fled to fortified stockades in the hills, or went south into Ning Province, or east into Jing Province. Towns stood empty and the countryside was bare of hearth smoke. Li Liu's raids yielded nothing, and his soldiers went hungry. Only a thousand-odd households in Fuling still looked to Fan Changsheng, a recluse of Mount Qingcheng; Xu Yu of Fuling, a staff officer on the western pacification staff, urged Luo Shang to appoint him administrator of Wenshan so that he could win over Changsheng and join him in campaigning against Li Liu. Luo Shang refused. Enraged, Xu Yu went over to Li Liu, who made him general who pacifies the west. Xu Yu persuaded Changsheng to provision Li Liu's army with grain, and Changsheng agreed. Li Liu's army was thereby restored to strength.
15
初，李含以長沙王乂微弱，必為齊王冏所殺，因欲以為冏罪而討之，遂廢帝，立大將軍穎，以河間王顒為宰相，己得用事。 既而冏為乂所殺，穎、顒猶守籓，不如所謀。 穎恃功驕奢，百度弛廢，甚於冏時； 猶嫌乂在內，不得逞其欲，欲去之。 時皇甫商復為乂參軍，商兄重為秦州刺史。 含說顒曰：「商為乂所任，重終不為人用，宜早除之。 可表遷重為內職，因其過長安執之。」 重知之，露檄上尚書，發隴上兵以討含。 乂以兵方少息，遣使詔重罷兵，征含為河南尹。 含就征而重不奉詔，顒遣金城太守游楷、隴西太守韓稚等合四郡兵攻之。 顒密使含與侍中馮蓀、中書令卞粹謀殺乂； 皇甫商以告乂，收含、蓀、粹，殺之。 驃騎從事琅邪諸葛玫、前司徒長史武邑牽秀皆出奔鄴。
Previously, Li Han had reckoned that the Prince of Changsha, Sima Yi, was weak and would inevitably be killed by the Prince of Qi, Sima Jiong. He intended to frame Jiong with that offense and raise an army against him, then depose the emperor, set up Grand General Sima Ying, install the Prince of Hejian, Sima Yong, as chief minister—and thus seize power for himself. But then Jiong was killed by Sima Yi after all, while Ying and Yong remained in their princely domains. The scheme miscarried. Sima Ying swaggered over his achievements, growing arrogant and prodigal. Government collapsed on every front—even worse than under Sima Jiong; He still resented Sima Yi's presence at court, which blocked his ambitions, and he set out to get rid of him. Huangfu Shang was again on Sima Yi's staff, while Shang's elder brother Huangfu Chong served as governor of Qin Province. Li Han urged Sima Yong: "Huangfu Shang is in Sima Yi's confidence, and Huangfu Chong will never bow to anyone else. They should be removed at once. Memorialize to transfer Chong to a court appointment, then arrest him when he passes through Chang'an." Huangfu Chong learned of the plot. He issued an open proclamation to the Masters of Writing and raised troops from the Long region to march against Li Han. The fighting had only just subsided. Sima Yi sent envoys ordering Chong to stand down his forces and summoning Li Han to take up the post of intendant of Henan. Li Han answered the summons, but Huangfu Chong refused the edict. Sima Yong dispatched You Kai, administrator of Jincheng, Han Zhi, administrator of Longxi, and others with soldiers from four commanderies to attack him. In secret, Yong sent Li Han to join Palace Attendant Feng Sun and Secretariat Director Bian Cui in a plot to assassinate Sima Yi; Huangfu Shang warned Sima Yi. He had Han, Sun, and Cui seized and executed. Zhuge Mei of Langye, staff officer on the cavalry general's staff, and Qian Xiu of Wuyi, former chief clerk under the chief minister, both fled to Ye.
16
張昌黨石冰寇揚州，敗刺史陳徽，諸郡盡沒； 又攻破江州，別將陳貞等攻武陵、零陵、豫章、武昌、長沙，皆陷之，臨淮人封雲起兵寇徐州以應冰。 於是荊、江、揚、豫、徐五州之境，多為昌所據。 昌更置牧守，皆桀盜小人，專以劫掠為務。
Shi Bing, a follower of Zhang Chang, raided Yang Province, routed Inspector Chen Hui, and overrun every commandery in the region; They also took Jiang Province. Detached generals such as Chen Zhen overran Wuling, Lingling, Yuzhang, Wuchang, and Changsha. Feng Yun of Linhuai raised an army in Xu Province to join Shi Bing. Large stretches of Jing, Jiang, Yang, Yu, and Xu—five provinces in all—now lay under Zhang Chang's control. Zhang Chang installed new governors and prefects—violent bandits and lowborn scoundrels whose only occupation was pillage.
17
劉弘遣陶侃等攻昌於竟陵，劉喬遣其將李楊等向江夏。 侃等屢與昌戰，大破之，前後斬首數萬級，昌逃於下俊山，其眾悉降。
Liu Hong dispatched Tao Kan and others to strike Zhang Chang at Jingling, while Liu Qiao sent his generals Li Yang and others toward Jiangxia. Tao Kan's forces clashed with Zhang Chang again and again, crushing him in battle. Tens of thousands were beheaded in all. Zhang Chang fled to Mount Xiajun and his men surrendered en masse.
18
初，陶侃少孤貧，為郡督郵。 長沙太守萬嗣過廬江，見而異之，命其子結友而去。 後察孝廉，至洛陽，豫章國郎中令楊卓薦之於顧榮，侃由是知名。 既克張昌，劉弘謂侃曰：「吾昔為羊公參軍，謂吾後當居身處，今觀卿，必繼老夫矣。」
Tao Kan had been orphaned and impoverished in his youth, and served as a commandery postal inspector. When Wan Si, administrator of Changsha, passed through Lujiang, he was struck by the young man and had his son befriend him before continuing on his way. Later nominated as filial and incorrupt, he went to Luoyang. Yang Zhuo, director of Langzhong in the princedom of Yuzhang, recommended him to Gu Rong, and Tao Kan's reputation was made. After Zhang Chang's defeat, Liu Hong told Tao Kan, "When I served as staff officer to Duke Yang, he told me I would one day hold his office. Now that I look at you, I see you will surely succeed me."
19
弘之退屯於梁也，征南將軍范陽王虓遣前長水校尉張奕領荊州。 弘至，奕不受代，舉兵拒弘。 弘討奕，斬之。 時荊部守宰多缺，弘請補選，詔許之，弘敘功銓德，隨才授任，人皆服其公當。 弘表皮初補襄陽太守，朝廷以初雖有功而望淺，更以弘婿前東平太守夏侯陟為襄陽太守。 弘下教曰：「夫治一國者，宜以一國為心，必若姻親然後可用，則荊州十郡，安得十女婿然後為政哉！」 乃表：「陟姻親，舊制不得相監； 皮初之勳，宜見酬報。」 詔聽之。 弘於是勸課農桑，寬刑省賦，公私給足，百姓愛悅。
When Liu Hong withdrew and encamped at Liang, Sima Xiao, the Prince of Fanyang and general who conquers the south, dispatched Zhang Yi, former commandant of the Changshui Guard, to take over Jing Province. Liu Hong arrived, but Zhang Yi refused to hand over the province and took up arms against him. Liu Hong attacked Zhang Yi and had him beheaded. Many prefectural and commandery posts in Jing Province stood vacant. Liu Hong petitioned to fill them, and the court agreed. He weighed merit and character and matched men to offices according to their abilities. Everyone accepted his fairness. Liu Hong recommended Pi Chu for administrator of Xiangyang, but the court, though acknowledging Chu's service, judged his standing too slight and instead appointed his son-in-law Xiahou Zhi, former administrator of Dongping, to the post. Liu Hong issued a directive: "A governor must govern with the whole province in mind. If only relatives by marriage may be trusted with office, must Jing Province wait for ten sons-in-law before it can be ruled at all!" He then submitted a memorial: "Xiahou Zhi is my son-in-law. By ancient statute, a man may not supervise his own kin; Pi Chu's achievements deserve proper recognition and reward." The court granted his request. Liu Hong then promoted farming and sericulture, eased punishments, and lightened taxes. Public and private stores filled up, and the people came to love him.
20
河間王顒聞李含等死，即起兵討長沙王乂。 大將軍穎上表請討張昌，許之； 聞昌已平，因欲與顒共攻乂。 盧志諫曰：「公前有大功而委權辭寵，時望美矣。 今宜頓軍關外，文服入朝，此霸主之事也。」 參軍魏郡邵續曰：「人之有兄弟，如左右手。 明公欲當天下之敵而先去其一手，可乎！」 穎皆不從。 八月，顒、穎共表：「乂論功不平，與右僕射羊玄之、左將軍皇甫商專擅朝政，殺害忠良，請誅玄之、商，遣乂還國。」 詔曰：「顒敢舉大兵，內向京輦，吾當親帥六軍以誅奸逆。 其以乂為太尉，都督中外諸軍事以御之。」
When Sima Yong, Prince of Hejian, learned that Li Han and his accomplices were dead, he immediately raised an army against Sima Yi, the Prince of Changsha. Grand General Sima Ying petitioned to lead a campaign against Zhang Chang, and permission was granted; When he learned that Zhang Chang had already been suppressed, he turned to join Sima Yong in an attack on Sima Yi. Lu Zhi advised him: "Your Grace once achieved great deeds, then relinquished power and declined honors. Your reputation was at its height. Now you ought to halt your army outside the passes and enter the capital in court dress. That is how a true overlord behaves." Shao Xu of Wei Commandery, a member of his staff, said, "Brothers are to a man what his two hands are. Your Grace means to take on the enemies of the realm, yet would cut off one hand first—how can that be right?" Sima Ying ignored them both. In the eighth month, Yong and Ying jointly petitioned: "Sima Yi distributes rewards unfairly. Together with Yang Xuanshi, right vice director, and Huangfu Shang, left general, he has seized control of the court and murdered loyal ministers. We ask that Xuanshi and Shang be executed and that Sima Yi be sent back to his princedom." The throne replied: "Yong dares march a great army against the capital. I shall personally lead the Six Armies to destroy these traitors. Let Sima Yi be appointed grand commandant and grand commander of all armies within and without to meet this threat."
21
顒以張方為都督，將精兵七萬，自函谷東趨洛陽。 穎引兵屯朝歌，以平原內史陸機為前將軍、前鋒都督、督北中郎將王粹、冠軍將軍牽秀、中護軍石超等軍二十餘萬，南向洛陽。 機以羈旅事穎，一旦頓居諸將之右，王粹等心皆不服。 白沙督孫惠與機親厚，勸機讓都督於粹。 機曰：「彼將謂吾首鼠兩端，適所以速禍也。」 遂行。 穎列軍自朝歌至河橋，鼓聲聞數百里。
Sima Yong put Zhang Fang in supreme command and sent seventy thousand elite troops east from Hangu Pass toward Luoyang. Sima Ying encamped at Chaoge. He made Lu Ji, interior grand administrator of Pingyuan, forward general and supreme commander of the vanguard, with more than two hundred thousand men under him—including Wang Cui, north corps general; Qian Xiu, champion general; Shi Chao, central guard general—and marched south on Luoyang. Lu Ji was an outsider in Sima Ying's service, yet overnight he stood above veteran generals. Wang Cui and the rest seethed with resentment. Sun Hui, supervisor at Baisha, was close to Lu Ji and urged him to yield command to Wang Cui. Lu Ji replied, "They would take that for vacillation, and that would only bring ruin faster." He marched on all the same. Sima Ying drew up his lines from Chaoge to He Bridge; the thunder of war drums carried for hundreds of li.
22
乙丑，帝如十三里橋。 太尉乂使皇甫商將萬餘人拒張方於宜陽。 己已，帝還軍宣武場，庚午，捨於石樓。 九月，丁丑，屯於河橋。 壬子，張方襲皇甫商，敗之。 甲申，帝軍於芒山。 丁亥，帝幸偃師； 辛卯，捨於豆田。 大將軍穎進屯河南，阻清水為壘。 癸巳，羊玄之憂懼而卒，帝旋軍城東； 丙申，幸緱氏，擊牽秀，走之。 大赦。 張方入京城，大掠，死者萬計。
On the day yichou, the emperor went to Shisanli Bridge. Grand Commandant Sima Yi sent Huangfu Shang with more than ten thousand men to block Zhang Fang at Yiyang. On jisi, the emperor withdrew his forces to the Military Review Ground; on gengwu, he halted at Shilou. In the ninth month, on dingchou, he encamped at He Bridge. On renzi, Zhang Fang launched a surprise attack on Huangfu Shang and routed him. On jiashen, the emperor posted his army on Mang Mountain. On dinghai, the emperor went to Yanshi; On xinmao, he halted at Doutian. Grand General Sima Ying pressed forward and encamped in Henan, damming the Qingshui River to build fortifications. On guisi, Yang Xuanshi died of anxiety and fear. The emperor turned his army back toward the east of the city; On bingshen, he went to Gou, attacked Qian Xiu, and put him to flight. A general amnesty was proclaimed. Zhang Fang entered the capital and plundered without restraint. Tens of thousands perished.
23
李流疾篤，謂諸將曰：「驍騎仁明，固足以濟大事； 然前軍英武，殆天所相，可共受事於前軍。」 流卒，眾推李雄為大都督、大將軍、益州牧、治郫城。 雄使武都樸泰紿羅尚，使襲郫城，雲己為內應。 尚使隗伯將兵攻郫，泰約舉火為應，李驤伏兵於道，泰出長梯於外。 隗伯兵見火起，爭緣梯上，驤縱兵擊，大破之。 追奔夜至城下，詐稱萬歲，曰：「已得郫城矣！」 入少城，尚乃覺之，退保太城。 隗伯創甚，雄生獲之，赦不殺。 李驤攻犍為，斷尚運道。 獲太守龔恢，殺之。
Li Liu lay gravely ill. He told his commanders, "The Flying Cavalry is wise and humane—he can certainly carry the great enterprise through; But the forward army is bold and able—perhaps heaven's chosen. Let all of you take your orders from him." When Li Liu died, the troops acclaimed Li Xiong as grand commander-in-chief, grand general, and governor of Yi Province, with his seat at Pixi. Li Xiong sent Pu Tai of Wudu to trick Luo Shang into sending troops against Pixi, claiming that Tai would serve as their inside contact. Luo Shang sent Wei Bo to attack Pixi. Tai promised to signal with torches. Li Xiang hid troops along the road, while Tai rigged long scaling ladders outside the walls. When Wei Bo's men saw the flames, they rushed up the ladders. Li Xiang's ambush sprang and shattered them. They pursued the fugitives through the night to the city walls, shouting false cheers: "Pixi is ours!" They burst into Shaocheng before Luo Shang understood what was happening. He withdrew to hold Taicheng. Wei Bo was badly wounded. Li Xiong took him alive and spared his life. Li Xiang attacked Jianwei and severed Luo Shang's supply lines. He captured Prefect Gong Hui and executed him.
24
石超進逼緱氏。 冬，十月，壬寅，帝還宮。 丁未，敗牽秀於東陽門外。 大將軍穎遣將軍馬咸助陸機。 戊申，太尉乂奉帝與機戰於建春門。 乂司馬王瑚使數千騎繫戟於馬，以突咸陳，咸軍亂，執而斬之。 機軍大敗，赴七里澗，死者如積，水為之不流。 斬其大將賈崇等十六人，石超遁去。
Shi Chao pressed his advance on Gou. In winter, the tenth month, on renyin, the emperor returned to the palace. On dingwei, Qian Xiu was defeated outside the Dongyang Gate. Grand General Sima Ying sent General Ma Xian to reinforce Lu Ji. On wushen, Grand Commandant Sima Yi accompanied the emperor and fought Lu Ji at the Jianchun Gate. Sima Yi's major-general Wang Hu sent several thousand horsemen with halberds lashed to their saddles to crash into Ma Xian's line. Ma Xian's troops collapsed; he was seized and beheaded. Lu Ji's army was smashed. Survivors plunged into the Qili Stream; the dead piled so deep the water ceased to flow. Sixteen of his senior commanders, including Jia Chong, were beheaded. Shi Chao escaped.
25
初，宦人孟玖有寵於大將軍穎，玖欲用其父為邯鄲令，左長史盧志等皆不敢違，右司馬陸雲固執不許，曰：「此縣，公府掾資，豈有黃門父居之邪！」 玖深怨之。 玖弟超，領萬人為小督，未戰，縱兵大掠，陸機錄其主者； 超將鐵騎百餘人直入機麾下，奪之，顧謂機曰：「貉奴，能作督不！」 機司馬吳郡孫拯勸機殺之，機不能用。 超宣言於眾曰：「陸機將反。」 又還書與玖，言機持兩端，故軍不速決。 及戰，超不受機節度，輕兵獨進，敗沒。 玖疑機殺之，譖之於穎曰：「機有二心於長沙。」 牽秀素謅事玖，將軍王闡、郝昌、帳下督陽平公師籓皆玖所引用，相與共證之。 穎大怒，使秀將兵收機。 參軍事王彰諫曰：「今日之舉，強弱異勢。 庸人猶知必克，況機之明達乎！ 但機吳人，殿下用之太過，北土舊將皆疾之耳。」 穎不從。 機聞秀至，釋戎服，著白帢，與秀相見，為箋辭穎，既而歎曰：「華亭鶴唳，可復聞呼！」 秀遂殺之。 穎又收機弟清河內史雲、平東祭酒耽及孫拯，皆下獄。
The eunuch Meng Jiu had won Grand General Sima Ying's favor. Jiu wanted his father appointed magistrate of Handan. Left chief clerk Lu Zhi and the rest did not dare refuse, but right major-general Lu Yun stood firm against it: "That county is a stepping-stone for the prince's staff. How can a eunuch's father occupy it!" Meng Jiu nursed a deep grudge against him. Jiu's younger brother Chao commanded ten thousand men as a junior commander. Before battle even began, his troops looted freely. Lu Ji had the ringleaders recorded for punishment; Chao rode in with more than a hundred armored horsemen, burst into Lu Ji's headquarters, and seized the prisoners back. He turned on Lu Ji and said, "You filthy barbarian—do you think you can command!" Lu Ji's major-general Sun Zheng of Wu Commandery urged him to kill Chao. Lu Ji could not bring himself to do it. Chao declared to the troops that Lu Ji was about to rebel." He also wrote to Meng Jiu, claiming Lu Ji was hedging and that was why the army had not won quickly. When the fighting began, Chao ignored Lu Ji's orders, led a light detachment forward on his own, and was wiped out. Meng Jiu suspected Lu Ji of having killed his brother and slandered him to Sima Ying, saying Lu Ji was secretly loyal to the Prince of Changsha." Qian Xiu had always fawned on Meng Jiu. Generals Wang Chan and Hao Chang, and staff supervisor the Duke of Yangping, Shi Fan—all Jiu's appointees—joined in testifying against Lu Ji. Sima Ying flew into a rage and ordered Qian Xiu to take troops and arrest Lu Ji. Staff officer Wang Zhang urged caution: "In this campaign, the balance of force does not favor us. Even a fool can see we are sure to win—how much more so a man as brilliant as Lu Ji! It is simply that Lu Ji is a southerner. Your Highness has elevated him too far, and the northern veterans resent it—that is all." Sima Ying would not hear it. When Lu Ji learned that Qian Xiu had arrived, he laid aside his armor, put on a plain white cap, and went to meet him. He wrote a farewell memorial to Sima Ying, then sighed: "The cranes of Huating—will I ever hear them call again?" Qian Xiu then executed him. Sima Ying also arrested Lu Ji's younger brother Lu Yun, interior minister of Qinghe, the Pingdong libationer Dan, and Sun Zheng—all were thrown into prison.
26
記室江統、陳留蔡克、穎川棗嵩等上疏，以為：「陸機淺謀致敗，殺之可也。 至於反逆，則眾共知其不然。 宜先檢校機反狀，若有徵驗，誅雲等未晚也。」 統等懇請不已，穎遲回者三日。 蔡克入，至穎前，叩頭流血，曰：「雲為孟玖所犯，遠近莫不聞。 今果見殺，竊為明公惜之！」 僚屬隨克入者數十人，流涕固請，穎惻然，有宥雲之色。 孟玖扶穎入，催令殺雲、耽，夷機三族。 獄吏考掠孫拯數百，兩踝骨見，終言機冤。 吏知拯義烈，謂拯曰：「二陸之枉，誰不知之，君可不愛身乎！」 拯仰天歎曰：「陸君兄弟，世之奇士，吾蒙知愛，今既不能救其死，忍復從而誣之乎！」 玖等知拯不可屈，乃令獄吏詐為拯辭。 穎既殺機，意常悔之，及見拯辭，大喜，謂玖等曰：「非卿之忠，不能窮此奸。」 遂夷拯三族。 拯門人費慈、宰意二人詣獄明拯冤，拯譬遣之曰：「吾義不負二陸，死自吾分； 卿何為爾邪！」 曰：「君既不負二陸，僕又安可負君！」 固言拯冤，玖又殺之。
“The registrar Jiang Tong, Cai Ke of Chenliu, Zao Song of Yingchuan, and others submitted a memorial arguing that Lu Ji's shallow strategy had brought defeat and that his execution would be justified. As for treason, everyone knew that was not true. They should first examine the evidence of Lu Ji's rebellion; if proof were found, executing Lu Yun and the others would not be too late." Jiang Tong and the others pleaded without cease, and Sima Ying hesitated for three days. Cai Ke went in, came before Sima Ying, and kowtowed until he bled. He said, "Lu Yun was wronged by Meng Jiu—everyone near and far has heard of it. If he is killed after all, I shall grieve for Your Excellency's sake!" Several dozen staff members who had followed Cai Ke in wept and pleaded insistently. Sima Ying was moved and seemed ready to spare Lu Yun. Meng Jiu helped Sima Ying inside and pressed him to have Lu Yun and Dan executed and to exterminate the three clans of the Lu family. Prison officials tortured Sun Zheng hundreds of times until the bones of both his ankles showed through, yet to the end he maintained that Lu Ji had been wronged. The officials knew Sun Zheng was a man of integrity and said to him, "The injustice done to the two Lus—who does not know it? Why not spare your own life!" Sun Zheng looked up to heaven and sighed, "The Lu brothers were extraordinary men of their age. I received their kindness and trust. Now that I cannot save them from death, how can I bear to join in slandering them!" When Meng Jiu and the others saw that Sun Zheng could not be broken, they had prison officials forge a confession in his name. Sima Ying, having already killed Lu Ji, often regretted it. When he saw Sun Zheng's confession he was greatly pleased and said to Meng Jiu and the others, "Were it not for your loyalty, this conspiracy could never have been fully exposed." He then exterminated the three clans of Sun Zheng. Sun Zheng's students Fei Ci and Zai Yi went to the prison to declare his innocence. Sun Zheng sent them away with a rebuke: "In righteousness I will not fail the two Lus. Death is my allotted portion; why are you doing this!" They replied, "Since you will not fail the two Lus, how could I fail you!" They persisted in declaring Sun Zheng's innocence, and Meng Jiu had them killed as well.
27
太尉乂奉帝攻張方，方兵望見乘輿，皆退走，方遂大敗，死才五千餘人。 方退屯十三里橋，眾懼，欲夜遁，方曰：「勝負兵家之常，善用兵者能因敗為成。 今我更前作壘，出其不意，此奇策也。」 乃夜潛進，逼洛城七里，築壘數重，外引廩谷以足軍食。 乂既戰勝，以為方不足憂。 聞方壘成，十一月，引兵攻之，不利。 朝議以乂、穎兄弟，可辭說而釋，乃使中書令王衍等往說穎，令與乂分陝而居，穎不從。 乂因致書於穎，為陳利害，欲與之和解，穎復書：「請斬皇甫商等首，則引兵還鄴。」 乂不可。 穎進兵逼京師，張方決千金堨，水碓皆涸。 乃發王公奴婢手舂給兵，一品已下不從征者，男子十三以上皆從役，又發奴助兵； 公私窮踧，米石萬錢。 詔命所行，一城而已。 驃騎主簿范陽祖逖言於乂曰：「劉沈忠義果毅，雍州兵力足制河間，宜啟上為詔與沈，使發兵襲顒。 顒窘急，必召張方以自救，此良策也。」 乂從之。 沈奉詔馳檄四境，諸郡多起兵應之。 沈合七郡之眾凡萬餘人，趣長安。
Grand Marshal Sima Yi escorted the emperor to attack Zhang Fang. When Fang's troops saw the imperial carriage they all fell back and fled. Fang suffered a crushing defeat, though only a little more than five thousand men were killed. Fang withdrew and encamped at Shisanli Bridge. His troops were terrified and wanted to flee by night. Fang said, "Victory and defeat are the common lot of war. A commander who knows his craft can turn defeat into triumph. If I advance again now and build fortifications, catching them unawares—that is a bold stratagem." That night he advanced in secret, coming within seven li of Luoyang. He built several rings of fortifications and drew grain from outside granaries to feed his army. Sima Yi, having won the battle, thought Zhang Fang was no longer worth worrying about. When he heard that Fang's fortifications were complete, in the eleventh month he led troops to attack them—but without success. Court deliberations held that Sima Yi and Sima Ying, being brothers, could be persuaded to reconcile. They sent Palace Secretary Wang Yan and others to urge Ying to divide the realm at Mount Shan and govern apart from Yi—but Ying refused. Sima Yi then wrote to Sima Ying, setting forth the advantages and disadvantages of war and seeking reconciliation. Ying replied, "Cut off the heads of Huangfu Shang and the others, and I will withdraw my troops to Ye." Sima Yi would not agree. Sima Ying advanced and pressed upon the capital. Zhang Fang breached the Qianjin Dyke, and all the water mills ran dry. They conscripted the palace servants and slaves of nobles and officials to pound grain by hand for the troops. All men of rank one and below who were not on campaign, thirteen years and older, were put to service, and slaves were also mobilized to assist the army; Public and private resources were exhausted. A shi of rice cost ten thousand cash. Imperial edicts reached no farther than the one city. Zu Ti of Fanyang, chief clerk to the Rapid Cavalry General, said to Sima Yi, "Liu Shen is loyal, resolute, and bold. Yong Province's military strength is sufficient to control the Prince of Hejian. Your Highness should petition the throne for an edict to Shen, directing him to raise troops and strike Sima Yong. When Yong is hard pressed he is sure to summon Zhang Fang to save himself. That is an excellent strategy." Sima Yi followed this advice. Liu Shen received the edict and dispatched proclamations in haste to the four borders. Many commanderies raised troops in response. Liu Shen assembled the forces of seven commanderies, more than ten thousand in all, and marched toward Chang'an.
28
乂又使皇甫商間行，繼帝手詔，命游楷等罷兵，敕皇甫重進軍討顒。 商間行至新平，遇其從甥，從甥素憎商，以告顒捕商，殺之。
Sima Yi also sent Huangfu Shang by secret route, bearing the emperor's handwritten edict in succession, ordering You Kai and the others to stand down their armies and commanding Huangfu Chong to advance and attack Sima Yong. Shang traveled secretly as far as Xinping, where he met his nephew by marriage. The nephew had always hated Shang and informed on him. Sima Yong captured Shang and killed him.
29
十二月，議郎周玘、前南平內史長沙王矩起兵江東以討石冰，推前吳興太守吳郡顧秘都督揚州九郡諸軍事，傳檄州郡，殺冰所署將吏。 於是前侍御史賀循起兵於會稽，廬江內史廣陵華譚及丹揚葛洪、甘卓皆起兵以應秘。 玘，處之子； 御，邵之子； 卓，寧之曾孫也。
In the twelfth month, consultant gentleman Zhou Qi and former interior minister of Nanping Wang Ju of Changsha raised troops in Jiangdong to attack Shi Bing. They recommended former administrator of Wuxing Gu Mi of Wu Commandery as commander-in-chief of military affairs for the nine commanderies of Yang Province, circulated proclamations through the provinces and commanderies, and killed the generals and officials Shi Bing had appointed. Thereupon former attendant censor He Xun raised troops at Kuaiji. Hua Tan of Guangling, interior minister of Lujiang, and Ge Hong and Gan Zhuo of Danyang all raised troops in response to Gu Mi. Zhou Qi was the son of Zhou Chu; Gu Mi was the son of Gu Shao; Gan Zhuo was the great-grandson of Gan Ning.
30
冰遣其將羌毒帥兵數萬拒玘，玘擊斬之。 冰自臨淮退趨壽春。 征東將軍劉准聞冰至，惶懼不知所為。 廣陵度支廬江陳敏統眾在壽春，謂准曰：「此等本不樂遠戍，逼迫成賊，烏合之眾，其勢易離，敏請督帥運兵為公破之。」 准乃益敏兵，使擊之。
Shi Bing sent his general Qiang Du to lead tens of thousands of troops against Zhou Qi. Qi attacked and beheaded him. Shi Bing withdrew from Linhuai and hastened toward Shouchun. General Who Conquers the East Liu Zhun heard that Shi Bing had arrived and was terrified, not knowing what to do. Chen Min of Guangling, transport commissioner of Lujiang, was in command of troops at Shouchun. He said to Liu Zhun, "These men never wanted to serve far from home. Forced into rebellion, they became bandits. A mob gathered in haste is easily split. I ask to command the transport troops for you and break them." Liu Zhun thereupon reinforced Chen Min's troops and sent him to attack.
31
閏月，李雄急攻羅尚。 尚軍無食，留牙門張羅守城。 夜，由牛鞞水東走，羅開門降。 雄入成都，軍士饑甚，乃帥眾就谷於郪，掘野芋而食之。 許雄坐討賊不進，征即罪。
In the intercalary month, Li Xiong pressed the attack on Luo Shang vigorously. Luo Shang's army had no food. He left the ya-men officer Zhang Luo to hold the city. At night Luo Shang fled east along the Niupi River. Zhang Luo opened the gates and surrendered. Li Xiong entered Chengdu. The soldiers were starving, so he led the multitude to forage grain at Qi and dug wild taro to eat. Xu Xiong was charged with failing to advance against the rebels and was summoned to the capital and punished upon arrival.
32
安北將軍、都督幽州諸軍事王濬，以天下方亂，欲結援夷狄，乃以一女妻鮮卑段務勿塵，一女妻素怒延，又表以遼西郡封務勿塵為遼西公。 濬，沈之子也。
General Who Pacifies the North and commander-in-chief of military affairs for You Province Wang Jun, seeing the realm in turmoil, wished to secure allies among the barbarians. He gave one daughter in marriage to the Xianbei leader Duan Wuyichen and another to Sunuyan, and also memorialized to enfeoff Wuyichen as Duke of Liaoxi with Liaoxi Commandery. Wang Jun was the son of Wang Shen.
33
毛詵之死也，李睿奔五苓夷帥於陵丞，於陵丞詣李毅為睿請命，毅許之。 睿至，毅殺之。 於陵丞怒，帥諸夷反攻毅。
When Mao Shen died, Li Rui fled to the Wuling Yi chieftain Yu Lingcheng. Yu Lingcheng went to Li Yi to plead for Rui's life, and Yi agreed. When Li Rui arrived, Li Yi killed him. Yu Lingcheng was enraged and led the various Yi in a counterattack against Li Yi.
34
尚書令樂廣女為成都王妃，或譖諸太尉乂； 乂以問廣，廣神色不動，徐曰：「廣豈以五男易一女哉！」 乂猶疑之。
Minister Over the Masses Le Guang's daughter was consort to the Prince of Chengdu. Someone slandered this to Grand Marshal Sima Yi; Sima Yi questioned Le Guang about it. Guang's expression did not change as he said slowly, "Would Le Guang trade five sons for one daughter!" Sima Yi still harbored doubts.
35
孝惠皇帝中之下永興元年（ 甲子，公元三零四年）
Emperor Xiaohui, middle section, lower part, first year of Yongxing ( jiazi, AD 304)
36
春，正月，丙午，樂廣以憂卒。
In spring, the first month, on day bingwu, Le Guang died of grief.
37
長沙厲王乂屢與大將軍穎戰，破之，前後斬獲六、七萬人。 而乂未嘗虧奉上之禮； 城中糧食日窘，而士卒無離心。 張方以為洛陽未可克，欲還長安。 而東海王越慮事不濟，癸亥，潛與殿中諸將夜收乂送別省。 甲子，越啟帝，下詔免乂官，置金墉城。 大赦，改元。 城既開，殿中將士見外兵不盛，悔之，更謀劫出乂以拒穎。 越懼，欲殺乂以絕眾心。 黃門侍郎潘滔曰：「不可，將自有靜之者。」 乃遣密告張方。 丙寅，方取乂於金墉城，至營，炙而殺之，方軍士亦為之流涕。
The Prince of Changsha the Resolute, Sima Yi, fought repeatedly with Grand General Sima Ying and defeated him. In all, sixty or seventy thousand were killed or captured. Yet Sima Yi never once failed in his duty toward the throne; provisions in the city grew daily more scarce, but the soldiers had no thought of desertion. Zhang Fang judged that Luoyang could not be taken and wished to return to Chang'an. But the Prince of Donghai, Sima Yue, feared the affair would not succeed. On day guihai he secretly joined with the palace generals at night to seize Sima Yi and send him to a separate residence. On day jiazi, Sima Yue reported to the emperor. An edict was issued removing Sima Yi from office and confining him at Jincheng. A general amnesty was declared and the era name was changed. Once the city gates were opened, the palace generals saw that the outside forces were not strong and repented. They again plotted to seize Sima Yi and use him to resist Sima Ying. Sima Yue was afraid and wished to kill Sima Yi to cut off the soldiers' hope. Yellow Gate Attendant Pan Tao said, "You cannot. Soon there will be someone to quiet them." He then sent a secret message to Zhang Fang. On day bingyin, Zhang Fang took Sima Yi from Jincheng. When he reached camp he burned him alive and killed him, and Fang's soldiers also wept for him.
38
公卿皆詣鄴謝罪； 大將軍穎入京師，復還鎮於鄴。 詔以穎為丞相，加東海王越守尚書令。 穎遣奮武將軍石超等帥兵五萬屯十二城門，殿中宿所忌者，穎皆殺之； 悉代去宿衛兵。 表盧志為中書監，留鄴，參署丞相府事。
The nobles and ministers all went to Ye to apologize; Grand General Sima Ying entered the capital and then returned to hold his post at Ye. An edict appointed Sima Ying grand chancellor and added the Prince of Donghai Sima Yue as acting minister over the masses. Sima Ying sent Vigorous Martial General Shi Chao and others to command fifty thousand troops stationed at the twelve city gates. Palace guards Ying feared or resented, he had them all killed; He replaced all the palace guard troops entirely. He memorialized to appoint Lu Zhi supervisor of the masters of writing, keeping him at Ye to assist in the grand chancellor's office.
39
河間王顒頓軍於鄭，為東軍聲援，聞劉沈兵起，還鎮渭城，遣督護虞遵夔逆戰於好畦。 夔兵敗，顒懼，退入長安，急召張方。 方掠洛中官私奴婢萬餘人而西。 軍中乏食，殺人雜牛馬肉食之。
The Prince of Hejian, Sima Yong, encamped at Zheng to support the eastern army. Hearing that Liu Shen's forces had risen, he returned to hold Weicheng and sent supervisor Yu Zunkui to meet the enemy in battle at Haoqi. Yu Zunkui's army was defeated. Sima Yong was afraid, withdrew into Chang'an, and urgently summoned Zhang Fang. Zhang Fang plundered more than ten thousand palace and private male and female slaves from Luoyang and marched west. The army lacked food. They killed people and mixed the flesh with cattle and horse meat to eat it.
40
劉沈渡渭而軍，與顒戰，顒屢敗。 沈使安定太守衙博、功曹皇甫澹以精甲五千襲長安，入其門，力戰至顒帳下。 沈兵來遲，馮翊太守張輔見其無繼，引兵橫擊之，殺博及澹，沈兵遂敗，收餘卒而退。 張方遣其將敦偉夜擊之，沈軍驚潰，沈與麾下南走，追獲之。 沈謂顒曰：「知己之惠輕，君臣之義重，沈不可以違天子之詔，量強弱以苟全。 投袂之日，期之必死，菹醯之戮，其甘如薺。」 顒怒，鞭之而後腰斬。 新平太守江夏張光數為沈畫計，顒執而詰之，光曰：「劉雍州不用鄙計，故令王得有今日！」 顒壯之。 引與歡宴，表為右衛司馬。
Liu Shen crossed the Wei and encamped. He fought with Sima Yong, and Yong was repeatedly defeated. Liu Shen sent Ding'an Administrator Ya Bo and registrar Huangfu Dan with five thousand elite armored troops to raid Chang'an. They entered the gates and fought fiercely as far as Sima Yong's headquarters tent. Liu Shen's main force arrived late. Fengyi Administrator Zhang Fu saw they had no reinforcements and led troops in a flank attack, killing Ya Bo and Huangfu Dan. Liu Shen's army was defeated and gathered the remaining troops to withdraw. Zhang Fang sent his general Dun Wei to attack by night. Liu Shen's army panicked and fled. Shen fled south with his followers and was captured in pursuit. Liu Shen said to Sima Yong, "The kindness of a friend is light; the duty between ruler and subject is heavy. I cannot disobey the Son of Heaven's edict and measure strength and weakness merely to save myself. From the day I threw up my sleeve to act, I expected death. To be chopped and pickled—I would find it sweet as shepherd's purse." Sima Yong was enraged. He flogged Liu Shen and then executed him by cutting at the waist. Xinping Administrator Zhang Guang of Jiangxia had repeatedly devised plans for Liu Shen. Sima Yong seized and interrogated him. Guang said, "The Liu of Yong Province did not use my humble plans—that is why Your Highness enjoys today!" Sima Yong admired his spirit. He invited him to a feast of fellowship and memorialized to appoint him right guard major.
41
羅尚逃至江陽，遣使表狀，詔尚權統巴東、巴郡、涪陵以供軍賦。 尚遣別駕李興詣鎮南將軍劉弘求糧，弘綱紀以運道阻遠，且荊州自空乏，欲以零陵米五千斛與尚。 弘曰：「天下一家，彼此無異，吾今給之，則無西顧之憂矣。」 遂以三萬斛結之，尚賴以自存。 李興願留為弘參軍，弘奪其手版而遣之。 又遣治中何松領兵屯巴東為尚後繼。 於時流民有荊州者十餘萬戶，羈旅貧乏，多為盜賊，弘大給其田及種糧，擢其賢才，隨資敘用，流民遂安。
Luo Shang fled to Jiangyang and sent envoys with a memorial of his situation. An edict authorized him provisionally to govern Badong, Ba, and Fuling commanderies to supply military levies. Luo Shang sent his Assistant Director Li Xing to call on the General Who Guards the South, Liu Hong, to request grain. Hong's staff, citing the blocked and distant supply routes and Jing province's own shortages, proposed giving Shang only five thousand hu of Lingling rice. Hong said, "All under Heaven is one family; there is no difference between us. If I supply you now, you will have no need to worry about your rear to the west." He thereupon provided thirty thousand hu, and Shang relied on this to survive. Li Xing wished to remain and serve as Hong's staff officer, but Hong snatched away his credentials and sent him back. He also sent Director of Arrangements He Song to lead troops and garrison Badong as Shang's reserve force. At that time more than one hundred thousand displaced households from Jing province were living in poverty as wanderers, and many turned to banditry. Hong generously granted them fields and seed grain, promoted the worthy among them, and employed each according to his capacity, and the displaced people were thus settled.
42
二月，乙酉，丞相穎表廢皇后羊氏，幽於金墉城，廢皇太子覃為清河王。
In the second month, on the day yiyou, Chancellor Sima Ying memorialized to depose Empress Yang, who was confined at Jinyong city, and demoted Crown Prince Tan to Prince of Qinghe.
43
陳敏與石冰戰數十合，冰眾十倍於敏，敏擊之，所向皆捷，遂與周玘合攻冰於建康。 三月，冰北走，投封雲，雲司馬張統斬冰及雲以降，揚、徐二州平。 周玘、賀循皆散眾還家，不言功賞。 朝廷以陳敏為廣陵相。
Chen Min fought Shi Bing in dozens of engagements. Bing's forces outnumbered Min's tenfold, yet Min struck them and carried every field before him; he then joined Zhou Qi in a joint assault on Bing at Jiankang. In the third month, Bing fled north and went over to Feng Yun. Yun's Chief Administrator Zhang Tong beheaded both Bing and Yun and surrendered; Yang and Xu provinces were pacified. Zhou Qi and He Xun both dismissed their troops and returned home, making no mention of merit or reward. The court appointed Chen Min Administrator of Guangling.
44
河間王顒表請立丞相穎為太弟。 戊申，詔以穎為皇太弟，都督中外諸軍事，丞相如故。 大赦。 乘輿服御皆遷於鄴，制度一如魏武帝故事。 以顒為大宰、大都督、雍州牧； 前太傅劉實為太尉。 實以老，固讓不拜。 太弟穎僭侈日甚，劈幸用事，大失眾望。 司空東海王越，與右衛將軍陳眕，及長沙王故將上官已等謀討之。 秋，七月，丙申朔，陳眕勒兵入雲龍門，以詔召三公百僚及殿中，戒嚴討穎，石超奔鄴。 戊戌，大赦，復皇后羊氏及太子覃。 己亥，越奉帝北征。 以越為大都督。 征前侍中嵇紹詣行在。 侍中秦准謂紹曰：「今往，安危難測，卿有佳馬乎？」 紹正色曰：「臣子扈衛乘輿，死生以之，佳馬何為！」
The Prince of Hejian, Sima Yong, memorialized asking that Chancellor Sima Ying be established as Grand Heir Apparent. On the day wushen, an edict appointed Sima Ying Grand Heir Apparent, with command over all military affairs at home and abroad, while he remained Chancellor as before. A general amnesty was proclaimed. The imperial carriage, robes, and accoutrements were all transferred to Ye, with regulations modeled entirely on the precedents of Emperor Wu of Wei. Sima Yong was appointed Grand Mentor, Grand Commander, and Governor of Yong province; the former Grand Tutor Liu Shi was made Grand Commandant. Shi, being old, firmly declined and refused to accept the appointment. Grand Heir Apparent Sima Ying grew more extravagant by the day; favored sycophants held power, and he lost the people's hopes sorely. Minister over the Masses Sima Yue, the Prince of Donghai, together with Guard General of the Right Chen Zhen and former generals of the Prince of Changsha, Shangguan Yi and others, plotted to punish him. In autumn, the seventh month, on the first day bingshen, Chen Zhen drew up his troops and entered the Cloud Dragon Gate. By edict he summoned the Three Excellencies, the hundred officials, and the palace guard to enforce martial law and punish Ying; Shi Chao fled to Ye. On the day wuxu, a general amnesty was proclaimed, restoring Empress Yang and Crown Prince Tan. On the day jihai, Sima Yue escorted the emperor on a northern campaign. Sima Yue was appointed Grand Commander. The former Palace Attendant Ji Shao was summoned to the imperial camp. Palace Attendant Qin Zhun said to Shao, "If you go now, safety and danger are impossible to foretell—do you have a fine horse?" Shao said sternly, "A minister and son guards the imperial carriage; life and death follow from that—what need is there for a fine horse!"
45
越檄召四方兵，赴者雲集，比至安陽，眾十餘萬，鄴中震恐。 穎會群僚問計，東安王繇曰：「天子親征，宜釋甲縞素出迎請罪。」 穎不從，遣石超帥眾五萬拒戰。 折衝將軍喬智明勸穎奉迎乘輿，穎怒曰：「卿名曉事，投身事孤； 今主上為群小所逼，卿奈何欲使孤束手就刑邪！」
Sima Yue issued proclamations summoning troops from all quarters, and those who came gathered like clouds. By the time they reached Anyang, their numbers exceeded one hundred thousand, and Ye was shaken with terror. Ying assembled the officials and asked for counsel. The Prince of Dong'an, Sima Yao, said, "The Son of Heaven is campaigning in person; you should lay down your arms, wear white mourning, and go out to welcome him and plead guilty." Ying did not agree and sent Shi Chao to lead fifty thousand men to resist in battle. General Who Breaks the Charge Qiao Zhiming urged Ying to welcome the imperial carriage. Ying raged and said, "Your name means 'understands affairs'—you gave yourself to serve me; now the sovereign is driven by petty men, yet how can you want to make me submit and accept punishment!"
46
陳眕二弟匡、規自鄴赴行在，-{云}-鄴中皆已離散，由是不甚設備。 己未，石超軍奄至，乘輿敗績於蕩陰，帝傷頰，中三矢，百官侍御皆散。 嵇紹朝服，下馬登輦，以身衛帝，兵人引紹於轅中斫之。 帝曰：「忠臣也，勿殺！」 對曰：「奉太弟令，惟不犯陛下一人耳！」 遂殺紹。 血濺帝衣。 帝墮於草中，亡六璽。 石超奉帝幸其營，帝餒甚，超進水，左右奉秋桃。 穎遣盧志迎帝； 庚申，入鄴。 大赦，改元曰建武。 左右欲浣帝衣。 帝曰：「嵇侍中血，勿浣也！」
Chen Zhen's two younger brothers Kuang and Gui came from Ye to the imperial camp; they reported that Ye had already fallen apart internally, and for that reason the imperial forces did not prepare their defenses very thoroughly. On the day jiwei, Shi Chao's army arrived suddenly. The imperial forces were defeated at Dangyin; the emperor was wounded in the cheek and struck by three arrows, and the hundred officials and attendants all scattered. Ji Shao, in court dress, dismounted and boarded the carriage to shield the emperor with his body; soldiers pulled Shao into the carriage shaft and hacked at him. The emperor said, "A loyal minister—do not kill him!" They replied, "We act on the Grand Heir Apparent's order—we may offend all except Your Majesty alone!" They then killed Shao. Blood splashed the emperor's robes. The emperor fell into the grass and lost the six imperial seals. Shi Chao escorted the emperor to his camp. The emperor was famished; Chao offered him water, and attendants presented autumn peaches. Ying sent Lu Zhi to welcome the emperor; on the day gengshen, the emperor entered Ye. A general amnesty was proclaimed, and the era name was changed to Jianwu. Attendants wished to wash the emperor's robes. The emperor said, "That is Attendant Ji's blood—do not wash it!"
47
陳眕、上官巳等奉太子覃守洛陽。 司空越奔下邳，徐州都督東平王楙不納，越徑還東海。 太弟穎以越兄北弟宗室之望，下令招之，越不應命。 前奮威將軍孫惠上書勸越邀結籓方，同獎王室。 越以惠為記室參軍，與參謀議。 北軍中候苟晞奔范陽王虓，虓承制以晞行兗州刺史。
Chen Zhen, Shangguan Yi, and others escorted Crown Prince Tan to hold Luoyang. Minister over the Masses Sima Yue fled to Xiapi; the Commander of Xu province, the Prince of Dongping, Sima Mao, would not receive him, and Yue went straight back to Donghai. Grand Heir Apparent Sima Ying, because Sima Yue enjoyed the greatest prestige among the imperial clansmen in the north, issued orders summoning him—but Yue did not obey. Former General Who Displays Might Sun Hui submitted a memorial urging Yue to rally the frontier regions and jointly support the royal house. Yue appointed Sun Hui Recorder of the Headquarters and consulted with him on strategy. Commandant of the Northern Army Gou Xi fled to the Prince of Fanyang, Sima Xiao; Xiao, acting on imperial authority, appointed Xi acting Inspector of Yan province.
48
初，三王之起兵討趙王倫也，王浚擁眾挾兩端，禁所部士民不得赴三王召募。 太弟穎欲討之而未能，濬心亦欲圖穎。 穎以右司馬和演為幽州刺史，密使殺浚。 演與烏桓單于審登謀與浚游薊城南清泉，因而圖之。 會天暴雨，兵器沾濕，不果而還。 審登以為浚得天助，乃以演謀告浚。 浚與審登密嚴兵，約并州刺史東贏公騰共圍演，殺之，自領幽州營兵。 騰，越之弟也。 太弟穎稱詔征浚，浚與鮮卑段務勿塵、烏桓羯朱及東嬴公騰同起兵討穎，穎遣北中郎將王斌及石超擊之。
Earlier, when the three princes raised troops to punish the Prince of Zhao, Sima Lun, Wang Jun held his forces and straddled both sides, forbidding the soldiers and people under his command to answer the three princes' recruitment. Grand Heir Apparent Ying wished to punish him but could not; Wang Jun in his heart also wished to plot against Ying. Ying appointed He Yan Right Chief Marshal and Governor of You province, secretly ordering him to kill Wang Jun. He Yan plotted with the Wuhuan Chanyu Shen Deng to invite Wang Jun to stroll by the Clear Spring south of Ji city and seize the opportunity to kill him. Just then a torrential rain fell; weapons were soaked through, the plan came to nothing, and they returned. Shen Deng thought Wang Jun had received Heaven's aid and therefore told Jun of He Yan's plot. Wang Jun and Shen Deng secretly marshaled troops, arranged with the Inspector of Bing province, the Duke of Dongying, Sima Teng, to surround He Yan jointly, killed him, and Jun himself took command of the You province garrison troops. Teng was Sima Yue's younger brother. Grand Heir Apparent Ying, in the emperor's name, ordered a campaign against Wang Jun. Jun, together with the Xianbei leader Duan Wuwuchen, the Wuhuan leader Jiezhu, and the Duke of Dongying, Sima Teng, raised troops jointly to punish Ying. Ying sent General of the Household for the North Wang Bin and Shi Chao to strike them.
49
太弟穎怨東安王繇前議，八月，戊辰，收繇，殺之。 初，繇兄琅邪恭王覲薨，子睿嗣。 睿沈敏有度量，為左將軍，與東海參軍王導善。 導，敦之從父弟也； 識量清遠，以朝廷多故，每勸睿之國。 及繇死，睿從帝在鄴，恐及禍，將逃歸。 穎先敕諸關津，無得出貴人； 睿至河陽，為津吏所止。 從者宋興自後來，以鞭拂睿而笑曰：「捨長，官禁貴人，汝亦被拘邪？」 吏乃聽過。 至洛陽，迎太妃夏侯氏俱歸國。 丞相從事中郎王澄發孟玖奸利事，勸太弟穎誅之，穎從之。
Grand Heir Apparent Ying resented the Prince of Dong'an, Sima Yao, for his earlier counsel. In the eighth month, on the day wuchen, he arrested Yao and killed him. Earlier, Yao's elder brother, the Respectful Prince of Langye, Sima Jing, had died, and his son Rui succeeded him. Sima Rui was deep and keen, with breadth of character; he served as General of the Left and was on good terms with Staff Officer Wang Dao of Donghai. Wang Dao was Wang Dun's younger cousin; his discernment was clear and far-reaching. Because the court was beset by many troubles, he often urged Rui to return to his fief. When Yao died, Rui was accompanying the emperor at Ye; fearing he would be caught up in disaster, he prepared to flee home. Ying had already ordered all passes and fords that no person of rank was to be allowed out; when Rui reached Heyang, he was stopped by the ford officer. His follower Song Xing came up from behind, brushed Rui with a whip, and laughed, "My lord, the authorities forbid persons of rank to pass—have you been detained as well?" The officer then allowed them to pass. When they reached Luoyang, they welcomed the Princess Dowager, Lady Xiahou, and all returned to their fief together. Attendant Gentleman of the Chancellor's Office Wang Cheng exposed Meng Jiu's corrupt profiteering and urged Grand Heir Apparent Ying to execute him; Ying agreed.
50
上官巳在洛陽，殘暴縱橫。 守河南尹周馥，浚之從父弟也，與司隸滿奮等謀誅之。 事洩，奮等死，馥走，得免。 司空越之討太弟穎也，太宰顒遣右將軍、馮翊太守張方將兵二萬救之，聞帝已入鄴，因命方鎮洛陽。 巳與別將苗願拒之，大敗而還。 太子覃夜襲巳、願，巳、願出走； 方入洛陽。 覃於廣陽門迎方而拜，方下車扶止之。 復廢覃及羊後。
Shangguan Yi was at Luoyang, brutal and unrestrained. The Administrator of Henan, Zhou Fu, was Wang Jun's younger cousin; he plotted with Metropolitan Commandant Man Fen and others to kill Shangguan Yi. The plot leaked out; Fen and the others were killed, while Fu fled and escaped. When Minister over the Masses Sima Yue marched to punish Grand Heir Apparent Ying, Grand Mentor Sima Yong sent General of the Right and Administrator of Fufeng Zhang Fang with twenty thousand troops to rescue him. Hearing that the emperor had already entered Ye, he then ordered Fang to garrison Luoyang. Shangguan Yi and the separate commander Miao Yuan resisted him but suffered a crushing defeat and withdrew. Crown Prince Tan launched a night attack on Yi and Yuan; Yi and Yuan fled; and Zhang Fang entered Luoyang. Tan welcomed Fang at the Guangyang Gate and bowed to him; Fang dismounted and helped him up to stop him. Crown Prince Tan and Empress Yang were again deposed.
51
初，太弟穎表匈奴左賢王劉淵為冠軍將軍，監五部軍事，使將兵在鄴。 淵子聰，驍勇絕人，博涉經史，善屬文，彎弓三百斤； 弱冠游京師，名士莫不與交。 穎以聰為積弩將軍。
Earlier, Grand Heir Apparent Ying had memorialized appointing the Xiongnu Left Worthy King Liu Yuan General Who Establishes Victory, with oversight of the five tribes' military affairs, and ordered him to lead troops at Ye. Yuan's son Cong was matchlessly brave and fierce, broadly versed in the classics and histories, skilled at literary composition, and could draw a bow of three hundred jin; in his early twenties he traveled to the capital, and no eminent scholar failed to associate with him. Ying appointed Liu Cong General of Accumulated Crossbows.
52
淵從祖右賢王宣謂其族人曰：「自漢亡以來，我單于徒有虛號，無復尺土； 自餘王侯，降同編戶。 今吾眾雖衰，猶不減二萬，奈何斂手受役，奄過百年！ 左賢王英武超世，天苟不欲興匈奴，必不虛生此人也。 今司馬氏骨肉相殘，四海鼎沸，復呼韓邪之業，此其時矣！」 乃相與謀，推淵為大單于，使其黨呼延攸詣鄴告之。
Liu Yuan's distant uncle, the Right Worthy King Xuan, said to his clansmen, "Since the fall of Han, our Xiongnu rulers have borne only empty titles and hold not a foot of territory; all other kings and marquises have been reduced to the same household registers as common people. Though our numbers have waned, we are still no fewer than twenty thousand—how can we fold our hands and submit to servitude, letting more than a century slip by! The Left Worthy King is heroic and surpasses his age; if Heaven did not wish to raise the Xiongnu again, it would not have brought such a man into being without reason. Now the Sima clan tear one another apart and all the realm boils—it is time to revive the enterprise of Huhanye Chanyu!" They then plotted together, enthroning Liu Yuan as Grand Chanyu, and sent his follower Huyan You to Ye to report it.
53
淵白穎，請歸會葬，穎弗許。 淵令攸先歸，告宣等使招集五部及雜胡，聲言助穎，實欲叛之。 及王浚、東嬴公騰起兵，淵說穎曰：「今二鎮跋扈，眾十餘萬，恐非宿衛及近郡士眾所能御也，請為殿下還說五部，以赴國難。」 穎曰：「五部之眾，果可發否？ 就能發之，鮮卑、烏桓，未易當也。 吾欲奉乘輿還洛陽以避其鋒，徐傳檄天下，以逆順制之，君意何如？」 淵曰：「殿下武皇帝之子，有大勳於王室，威恩遠著，四海之內，孰不願為殿下盡死力者！ 何難發之！ 王浚豎子，東嬴疏屬，豈能與殿下爭衡邪！ 殿下一發鄴宮，示弱於人，洛陽不可得而至； 雖至洛陽，威權不復在殿下也。 願殿下撫勉士眾，靖以鎮之，淵請為殿下以二部摧東嬴，三部梟王浚，二豎之首，可指日而懸也。」 穎悅，拜淵為北單于、參丞相軍事。
Liu Yuan informed Ying and asked to return for a funeral assembly; Ying did not permit it. Yuan ordered Huyan You to return first and tell Xuan and the others to gather the five tribes and various barbarian peoples, claiming they would aid Ying but in fact intending to rebel against him. When Wang Jun and the Duke of Dongying, Sima Teng, raised troops, Liu Yuan urged Ying, "The two garrisons now run riot, their forces more than one hundred thousand—I fear the palace guard and the troops of nearby commanderies cannot resist them. Please allow your servant to return and persuade the five tribes to come and meet the state's peril." Ying said, "Can the forces of the five tribes truly be mobilized? Even if they can be mobilized, the Xianbei and Wuhuan will not be easy opponents. I wish to escort the imperial carriage back to Luoyang to avoid their assault, gradually issue proclamations throughout the realm, and bring them to heel by the standard of righteousness versus rebellion—what do you think?" Liu Yuan said, "Your Highness is the son of Emperor Wu, you have rendered great service to the royal house, and your authority and grace are renowned far and wide—within the four seas, who would not wish to give his life for Your Highness! What difficulty could there be in mobilizing them! Wang Jun is a mere upstart, and the Duke of Dongying is a distant collateral—how could they possibly contend with Your Highness! If Your Highness leaves Ye Palace, you will show weakness to the world, and Luoyang will be beyond reach; Even if you reach Luoyang, authority and power will no longer rest with Your Highness. I urge Your Highness to comfort and encourage your troops and hold the realm with calm authority. I ask leave to use two tribes to crush the Duke of Dongying and three tribes to take Wang Jun's head—the heads of these two upstarts can be hung within days." Sima Ying was pleased and appointed Liu Yuan Northern Chanyu and Staff Officer under the Chancellor.
54
淵至左國城，劉宣等上大單于之號，二旬之間，有眾五萬，都於離石，以聰為鹿蠡王。 遣左於陸王宏帥精騎五千，會穎將王粹拒東嬴公騰。 粹已為騰所敗，宏無及而歸。
When Liu Yuan reached Zuoguo city, Liu Xuan and others proclaimed him Grand Chanyu; within twenty days he had fifty thousand followers, established his capital at Lishi, and made Liu Cong Prince of Luli. He dispatched Left Yuliuchu Wang Hong to lead five thousand elite cavalry to join Sima Ying's general Wang Cui in resisting the Duke of Dongying, Sima Teng. Wang Cui had already been defeated by Teng; Hong arrived too late and returned.
55
王浚、東嬴公騰合兵擊王斌，大破之。 浚以主簿祁弘為前鋒，敗石超於平棘，乘勝進軍。 候騎至鄴，鄴中大震，百僚奔走，土卒分散。 盧志勸穎奉帝還洛陽。 時甲士尚有萬五千人，志夜部分，至曉將發，而程太妃戀鄴不欲去，穎狐疑未決。 俄而眾潰，穎遂將帳下數十騎與志奉帝御犢車南奔洛陽。 倉猝上下無繼，中黃門被囊中繼私錢三千，詔貸之，於道中買飯，夜則御中黃門布被，食以瓦盆。 至溫，將謁陵，帝喪履，納從者之履，下拜流涕。 及濟河，張方自洛陽遣其子羆帥騎三千，以所乘車奉迎帝。 至芒山下，方自帥萬餘騎迎帝。 方將拜謁，帝下車自止之。 帝還宮，奔散者稍還，百官粗備。 辛巳，大赦。
Wang Jun and the Duke of Dongying, Sima Teng, combined forces to attack Wang Bin and routed him. Jun made his Chief Clerk Qi Hong vanguard, defeated Shi Chao at Pingji, and pressed forward in pursuit of victory. Scout horsemen reached Ye; panic swept the city, officials fled in all directions, and soldiers scattered. Lu Zhi urged Sima Ying to escort the Emperor back to Luoyang. Armed soldiers still numbered fifteen thousand; Zhi organized them by night, and by dawn they were ready to depart—but the Lady of Cheng clung to Ye and did not wish to leave, and Ying wavered, unable to decide. Before long the army dissolved; Ying then led several dozen horsemen of his personal guard with Zhi to escort the Emperor in an ox cart fleeing south to Luoyang. In the haste no one from the court followed; a palace attendant named Ji took three thousand in private coin from his purse, lent it by imperial decree to buy food along the road, and at night the Emperor slept under the attendant's cloth quilt and ate from an earthenware bowl. Reaching Wen, as he was about to visit the imperial tombs, the Emperor lost his shoes, put on an attendant's shoes, descended, and bowed in tears. When they crossed the river, Zhang Fang sent his son Pi from Luoyang with three thousand cavalry, using his own carriage to welcome the Emperor. Reaching the foot of Mang Mountain, Fang personally led more than ten thousand cavalry to welcome the Emperor. As Fang was about to bow in audience, the Emperor descended from the carriage and stopped him himself. The Emperor returned to the palace; those who had fled gradually returned, and the officials were roughly reassembled. On the day xinsi, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
56
王浚入鄴，士眾暴掠，死者甚眾。 使烏桓羯朱追太弟穎，至朝歌，不及。 浚還薊，以鮮卑多掠人婦女，命：「有敢挾藏者斬！」 於是沈於易水者八千人。
When Wang Jun entered Ye, his soldiers and followers plundered violently, and very many people died. He sent the Wuhuan and Jie chieftain Zhu to pursue the Grand Tutor Ying; they reached Chaoge but failed to catch up. Jun returned to Ji; because many Xianbei had seized people's wives and daughters, he ordered: "Whoever dares conceal them shall be beheaded!" Thereupon eight thousand people were drowned in the Yi River.
57
東嬴公騰乞師於拓跋猗迤以擊劉淵，猗迤與弟猗盧合兵擊淵於西河，破之，與騰盟於汾東而還。
The Duke of Dongying, Sima Teng, requested troops from Tuoba Yiyu to attack Liu Yuan; Yiyu combined forces with his brother Yilu to strike Yuan at Xihe, defeated him, allied with Teng east of the Fen River, and returned.
58
劉淵聞太弟穎去鄴，歎曰：「不用吾言，逆自奔潰，真奴才也！ 然吾與之有言矣，不可以不救。」 將發兵擊鮮卑、烏桓，劉宣等諫曰：「晉人奴隸御我，今其骨肉相殘，是天棄彼而使我復呼韓邪之業也。 鮮卑、烏桓，我之氣類，可以為援，奈何擊之！」 淵曰：「善！ 大丈夫當為漢高、魏武，呼韓邪何足效哉！」 宣等稽首曰：「非所及也！」
When Liu Yuan heard that the Grand Tutor Ying had left Ye, he sighed and said: "He did not heed my counsel—he fled and collapsed on his own, a true slave! Yet I gave him my word; I cannot fail to rescue him." He was about to send troops against the Xianbei and Wuhuan when Liu Xuan and others remonstrated: "The Jin people enslaved and controlled us; now their own kin turn on one another—this is Heaven abandoning them and enabling us to restore the enterprise of Modu Chanyu. The Xianbei and Wuhuan are our kindred by nature and can serve as allies—how could we attack them!" Yuan said: "Well said! A great man should be like Emperor Gaozu of Han or Emperor Wu of Wei—what need is there to emulate Modu Chanyu!" Xuan and the others bowed and said: "We are not equal to that!"
59
荊州兵擒斬張昌，同黨皆夷三族。
Jing province troops captured and beheaded Zhang Chang; his accomplices were all executed to the third degree of kin.
60
李雄以范長生有名德，為蜀人所重，欲迎以為君而臣之，長生不可。 諸將固請雄即尊位。 冬，十月，雄即成都王位，大赦，改元曰建興。 除晉法，約法七章。 以其叔父驤為太傅，兄始為太保，李離為太尉，李雲為司徒，李璜為司空，李國為太宰，閻式為尚書令，楊褒為僕射。 尊母羅氏為王太后，追尊父特為成都景王。 雄以李國、李離有智謀，凡事必咨而後行，然國、離事雄彌謹。
Li Xiong, because Fan Changsheng enjoyed fame and virtue and was respected by the people of Shu, wished to welcome him as ruler and himself serve as minister, but Changsheng would not agree. The generals firmly urged Xiong to take the throne. In winter, the tenth month, Xiong assumed the kingship of Chengdu, proclaimed a general amnesty, and changed the era name to Jianxing. He abolished Jin law and established a simplified code of seven articles. He appointed his uncle Li Xiang Grand Tutor, his elder brother Li Shi Grand Guardian, Li Li Grand Commandant, Li Yun Minister over the Masses, Li Huang Minister of Works, Li Guo Grand Preceptor, Yan Shi Director of the Masters of Writing, and Yang Bao Deputy Director. He honored his mother Lady Luo as Queen Dowager and posthumously honored his father Li Te as King Jing of Chengdu. Because Li Guo and Li Li were wise and resourceful, Xiong consulted them on every matter before acting; yet Guo and Li served him with ever greater care.
61
劉淵遷都左國城，胡、晉歸之者愈眾。 淵謂群臣曰：「昔漢有天下久長，恩結於民。 吾，漢氏之甥，約為兄弟。 兄亡弟紹，不亦可乎！」 乃建國號曰漢。 劉宣等請上尊號，淵曰：「今四方未定，且可依高祖稱漢王。」 於是即漢王位，大赦，改元曰元熙。 追尊安樂公禪為孝懷皇帝，作漢三祖、五宗神主而祭之。 立其妻呼延氏為王后。 以右賢王宣為丞相，崔游為御史大夫，左於陸王宏為太尉，范隆為大鴻臚，朱紀為太常，上常崔懿之、後部人陳元達皆為黃門郎，族子曜為建武將軍； 游固辭不就。
Liu Yuan moved his capital to Zuoguo city, and ever more barbarians and Jin subjects came to join him. Yuan said to his ministers: "Formerly Han held the realm for a long age, and its grace bound the people. I am a nephew of the House of Han; we were pledged as brothers. When the elder brother dies, the younger succeeds—is that not fitting!" Thereupon he established the state name Han. Liu Xuan and others asked him to take the exalted title; Yuan said: "The four quarters are not yet settled; for now let us follow Gaozu and style ourselves King of Han." Thereupon he assumed the kingship of Han, proclaimed a general amnesty, and changed the era name to Yuanxi. He posthumously honored Duke Shan of Anle as Emperor Xiaohuai, made spirit tablets of the Three Ancestors and Five August Ancestors of Han, and offered sacrifice to them. He installed his wife Lady Huyan as queen. He appointed Right Worthy King Liu Xuan Chancellor, Cui You Grand Censor, Left Yuliuchu Wang Hong Grand Commandant, Fan Long Grand Herald, Zhu Ji Grand Minister of Ceremonies, Senior Attendant Cui Yizhi and Rear Tribe native Chen Yuanda both Palace Attendants, and his clansman Liu Yao General Who Establishes Martial Might; You firmly declined and did not accept.
62
元達少有志操，淵嘗招之，元達不答。 及淵為漢王，或謂元達曰：「君其懼乎？」 元達笑曰：「吾知其人久矣，彼亦亮吾之心； 但恐不過三、二日，驛書必至。」 其暮，淵果征元達。 元達事淵，屢進忠言，退而削草，雖子弟莫得知也。
Yuanda from youth had aspiration and integrity; Yuan once invited him, but Yuanda did not respond. When Yuan became King of Han, someone said to Yuanda: "Are you not afraid?" Yuanda laughed and said: "I have known that man long; he also understands my heart; I only fear that within two or three days an urgent summons will surely arrive." That evening, Yuan indeed summoned Yuanda. Yuanda served Yuan, repeatedly offering loyal counsel; when he withdrew he destroyed his drafts, so even his sons and brothers did not know of it.
63
曜生而眉白，目有赤光，幼聰慧，有膽量，早孤，養於淵。 及長，儀觀魁偉，性拓落高亮，與眾不群。 好讀書，善屬文，鐵厚一寸，射而洞之。 常自比樂毅及蕭、曹，時人莫之許也； 惟劉聰重之，曰：「永明，漢世祖、魏武之流，數公何足道哉！」
Yao was born with white eyebrows and a red gleam in his eyes; in youth he was clever and courageous; orphaned early, he was reared by Yuan. When grown, his bearing was imposing and tall; his nature was expansive and lofty, and he stood apart from the crowd. He loved reading and was skilled at composition; he could pierce an inch-thick iron plate with an arrow. He often compared himself to Yue Yi and to Xiao He and Cao Shen, but people of the time did not agree; Only Liu Cong valued him, saying: "Yongming is of the caliber of Emperor Guangwu of Han and Emperor Wu of Wei—those others are hardly worth mentioning!"
64
帝既還洛陽，張方擁兵專制朝政，太弟穎不得復豫事。 豫州都督范陽王虓、徐州都督東平王楙等上言：「穎弗克負荷，宜降封一邑，特全其命。 太宰宜委以關右之任，自州郡以下，選舉授任，一皆仰成； 朝之大事，廢興損益，每輒疇咨。 張方為國效節，而不達變通，未即西還，宜遣還郡，所加方官，請悉如舊。 司徒戎、司空越，並忠國小心，宜干機事，委以朝政。 王浚有定社稷之勳，宜特崇重，遂撫幽朔，長為北籓。 臣等竭力扞城，籓屏皇家，則陛下垂拱，四海自正矣。」
Once the Emperor had returned to Luoyang, Zhang Fang monopolized military power and controlled court affairs, and the Grand Tutor Ying could no longer participate in government. The Governor of Yuzhou, the Prince of Fanyang Sima Xiao, the Governor of Xuzhou, the Prince of Dongping Sima Mao, and others memorialized: "Ying cannot bear the burden; he should be demoted to a lesser fief and his life especially spared. The Grand Preceptor should be entrusted with responsibilities west of the passes; from the provinces and commanderies downward, selection and appointment should all be completed through him; In great affairs of state, whether to abolish or establish, to lose or to gain—each time consult with him. Zhang Fang has served the state loyally but does not understand flexible adaptation; he has not yet returned west—he should be sent back to his commandery, and all offices added for Fang should be restored as before, we request. Minister over the Masses Wang Rong and Minister of Works Sima Yue are both loyal to the state and careful; they should manage urgent affairs and be entrusted with court government. Wang Jun has the merit of settling the altars of soil and grain; he should be especially honored and entrusted to pacify You and Shuo as a lasting northern bulwark. We your ministers will exert our strength in defending the cities and shielding the imperial house—then Your Majesty may rule with folded hands and the four seas will naturally be set right."
65
張方在洛既久，兵士剽掠殆竭，眾情喧喧，無復留意，議欲奉帝遷都長安； 恐帝及公卿不從，欲須帝出而劫之。 乃請帝謁廟，帝不許。 十一月，乙未，方引兵入殿，以所乘車迎帝，帝馳避後園竹中。 軍人引帝出，逼使上車，帝垂泣從之。 方於馬上稽首曰：「今寇賊縱橫，宿衛單少，願陛下幸臣壘，臣盡死力以備不虞。」 時群臣皆逃匿，唯中書監盧志侍側，曰：「陛下今日之事，當一從右將軍。」 帝遂幸方壘，令方具車載宮人、寶物。 軍人因妻略後宮，分爭府藏，割流蘇、武帳為馬帴，魏、晉以來蓄積，掃地無遺。 方將焚宗廟、宮室以絕人返顧之心，盧志曰：「昔董卓無道，焚燒洛陽，怨毒之聲，百年猶存，何為襲之！」 乃止。
Zhang Fang having been in Luoyang a long time, his soldiers plundered until nearly nothing remained; public sentiment grew clamorous and restless, and they discussed escorting the Emperor to move the capital to Chang'an; Fearing the Emperor and the high officials would not comply, they planned to wait for the Emperor to come out and then seize him. He thereupon requested the Emperor to visit the ancestral temple; the Emperor refused. In the eleventh month, on the day yimao, Fang led troops into the palace and used his own carriage to welcome the Emperor; the Emperor galloped to hide in the bamboo grove of the rear garden. Soldiers pulled the Emperor out and forced him into the carriage; the Emperor wept as he complied. Fang bowed from horseback and said: "Bandits and rebels now run rampant, and the palace guard is thin—Your Majesty, I beg you to honor my camp; your servant will give his life to guard against the unforeseen." At the time all the officials had fled and hidden; only Director of the Secretariat Lu Zhi attended at his side and said: "In today's affairs, Your Majesty should fully follow the Right General." The Emperor thereupon went to Fang's camp and ordered Fang to prepare carriages to load palace women and treasures. Soldiers seized women from the inner palace and plundered the treasury, fighting over the stores and cutting tassels and military awnings for horse blankets—accumulations since Wei and Jin were swept clean. Fang was about to burn the ancestral temple and palace halls to cut off any impulse to look back, when Lu Zhi said: "Formerly Dong Zhuo was without the Way and burned Luoyang—the voice of grievance and hatred endures even after a century—why repeat it!" He thereupon stopped.
66
帝停方壘三日，方擁帝及太弟穎、豫章王熾等趨長安，王戎出奔郟。 太宰顒帥官屬步騎三萬迎於霸上，顒前拜謁，帝下車止之。 帝入長安，以征西府為宮。 唯尚書僕射荀籓、司隸劉暾、河南尹周馥等在洛陽為留臺，承制行事，號東、西臺。 籓，勖之子也。 丙午，留臺大赦，改元復為永安。 辛丑，復皇后羊氏。
The Emperor stayed at Fang's camp three days; Fang then escorted the Emperor, the Grand Tutor Ying, the Prince of Yuzhang Chi, and others toward Chang'an; Wang Rong fled to Jia. The Grand Preceptor Sima Yong led thirty thousand foot and cavalry with his officials to welcome them at Bashang; Yong bowed in audience first, and the Emperor descended from the carriage to stop him. The Emperor entered Chang'an and used the Western Expedition headquarters as his palace. Only Secretary Deputy Director Xun Fan, Director of Retainers Liu Tun, Intendant of Henan Zhou Fu, and others remained at Luoyang as the residual court, acting by imperial authority—these were called the Eastern and Western courts. Fan was the son of Xun Xu. On the day bingwu, the residual court proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the era name back to Yong'an. On the day xinchou, Empress Yang was restored.
67
羅尚移屯巴郡，遣兵掠蜀中，獲李驤妻昝氏及子壽。
Luo Shang shifted his garrison to Ba commandery, dispatched troops to plunder central Shu, and captured Li Xiang's wife Lady Zan and son Shou.
68
十二月，丁亥，詔太弟穎以成都王還第； 更立豫章王熾為皇太弟。 帝兄弟二十五人，時存者惟穎、熾及吳王晏。 晏材質庸下； 熾沖素好學，故太宰顒立之。 詔以司空越為太傅，與顒夾輔帝室，王戎參錄朝政。 又以光祿大夫王衍為尚書左僕射。 高密王略為鎮南將軍，領司隸校尉，權鎮洛陽。 東中郎將模為寧北將軍，都督冀州諸軍事，鎮鄴。 百官各還本職。 令州郡蠲除苛政，愛民務本，清通之後，當還東京。 大赦，改元。 略、模，皆越之弟也。 王浚既去鄴，越使模鎮之。 顒以四方乖離，禍難不已，故下此詔和解之，冀獲少安。 越辭太傅不受。 又詔以太宰顒都督中外諸軍事。 張方為中領軍、錄尚書事，領京兆太守。
In the twelfth month, on the day dinghai, an edict ordered the Grand Tutor Ying to return to his residence as Prince of Chengdu; The Prince of Yuzhang Chi was newly installed as Crown Prince. The Emperor had twenty-five brothers; at this time only Ying, Chi, and the Prince of Wu Yan survived. Yan's talent and character were mediocre; Sima Chi, styled Chong, had always loved learning; for that reason Sima Yong, the grand tutor, chose him. An edict named Sima Yue, minister of works, grand tutor to assist the throne alongside Yong, with Wang Rong taking part in the governance of court affairs. Wang Yan was also appointed grand master of splendid happiness and left vice director of the Masters of Writing. Sima Lue, Prince of Gaomi, was made general who guards the south and colonel director of retainers, with provisional authority to hold Luoyang. Sima Mo, eastern central commander of the gentlemen, was made general who pacifies the north and commander-in-chief of all military affairs in Ji Province, with his seat at Ye. All officials were restored to their proper posts. The provinces and commanderies were ordered to abolish harsh rule, cherish the people, and attend to the fundamentals of government; once the roads were safe again, the court would return to the eastern capital. A general amnesty was proclaimed and the era name was changed. Lue and Mo were both younger brothers of Sima Yue. After Wang Jun left Ye, Sima Yue sent Sima Mo to hold the city. Sima Yong, seeing the realm torn apart and disasters unending, issued this edict in the hope of reconciliation and a little breathing room. Sima Yue declined the grand tutorship and refused to accept it. Another edict named the grand tutor Yong commander-in-chief of all armies within and without. Zhang Fang was made central army commander and recorder of the Masters of Writing, while also serving as administrator of Jingzhao.
69
東嬴公騰遣將軍聶玄擊漢王淵，戰於大陵，玄兵大敗。
Sima Teng, Duke of Dongying, sent the general Nie Xuan against Liu Yuan, king of Han. They fought at Daling, and Xuan's army was routed.
70
淵遣劉曜寇太原，取泫氏、屯留、長子、中都。 又遣冠軍將軍喬晞寇西河，取介休。 介休令賈渾不降，晞殺之； 將納其妻宗氏，宗氏罵晞而哭，日晞又殺之。 淵聞之，大怒曰：「使天道有知，喬晞望有種乎！」 追還，降秩四等，收渾屍，葬之。
Liu Yuan sent Liu Yao to raid Taiyuan and seize Xuan, Tunliu, Changzi, and Zhongdu. He also sent the champion general Qiao Xi against Xihe, who took Jiexiu. Jia Hun, magistrate of Jiexiu, refused to submit, and Qiao Xi killed him; he was about to take Hun's wife, Lady Zong. She cursed Qiao Xi and wept, and that same day he killed her as well. When Liu Yuan heard of it, he flew into a rage. "If Heaven has eyes," he said, "may Qiao Xi's line be cut off!" He recalled Qiao Xi, reduced his rank by four grades, recovered Jia Hun's body, and gave it proper burial.