1
資治通-{鑑}-第086巻
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 86.
2
【晉紀八】起旃蒙赤奮若，盡著雍執徐，凡四年。
[Jin Annals 8] From Zhanmeng Chifenruo through Zhuoyong Zhixu—four years in all.
3
夏，四月，張方廢羊-{后}-。
In summer, in the fourth month, Zhang Fang deposed Empress Yang.
4
-{游}-楷等攻皇甫重，累年不能克，重遣其養子昌求救-{於}-外。 昌詣司空越，越以太宰顒新與山東連和，不肯出兵。 昌乃與故殿中人楊篇詐稱越命，迎羊-{后}--{於}-金墉城。 入宮，以-{后}-令-{發}-兵討張方，奉迎大駕。 事起倉猝，百官初皆從之； 俄知其詐，相與誅昌。 顒請遣-{御}-史宣詔喩重令降，重不奉詔。 先是城中不知長沙厲王及皇甫商已死，重獲-{御}-史騶人，問曰：「我弟將兵來，欲至未？」 騶人曰：「已爲河間王所害。」 重失色，立殺騶人。 -{於}-是城中知無外救，共殺重以降。 顒以馮翊太守張輔爲秦州刺史。
You Kai and others besieged Huangfu Chong for years without taking him; Chong sent his adopted son Chang to seek help from outside. Chang went to the Minister over the Masses Yue, but Yue—since Grand Marshal Yong had just allied with the eastern provinces—refused to march. Chang then conspired with the former palace attendant Yang Pian to forge Yue's orders and escort Empress Yang from Jinyong fortress. Once inside the palace, he invoked the empress's authority to mobilize troops against Zhang Fang and restore the imperial carriage. The plot erupted suddenly; at first all the officials went along; before long they learned it was a fraud and together put Chang to death. Yong asked that an imperial censor proclaim an edict urging Chong to surrender, but Chong refused to comply. Earlier the garrison had not known that the Prince of Changsha and Huangfu Shang were already dead. Chong seized an imperial censor's groom and asked, "My brother is marching to relieve us—has he arrived?" The groom replied, "He was already killed by the Prince of Hejian." Chong went pale and at once killed the groom. Then the city realized no relief was coming; the garrison killed Chong together and surrendered. Yong appointed Zhang Fu, administrator of Fengyi, inspector of Qin province.
5
六月，甲子，安-{豐}-元侯王戎薨-{於}-郟。
In the sixth month, on jiazi, Wang Rong, Marquis Yuan of Anfeng, died at Jia.
6
張輔至秦州，殺天水太守封尚，欲以立威； 又召隴西太守韓稚，稚子-{樸}-勒兵撃輔。 輔軍敗，死。 涼州司馬楊胤言-{於}-張軌曰：「韓稚擅殺刺史，明公杖鉞一方，不可以不討。」 軌從之，遣中督護汜瑗帥衆二萬討稚，稚詣軌降。 未-{幾}-，鮮卑若羅拔能寇涼州，軌遣司馬宋配撃之，斬拔能，俘十-{餘}-萬口，威名大振。
When Zhang Fu reached Qin province, he killed Feng Shang, administrator of Tianshui, hoping to cow the region; he also summoned Han Zhi, administrator of Longxi; Zhi's son Pu raised troops and struck at Fu. Fu's army was routed and he was killed. Yang Yin, marshal of Liang province, said to Zhang Gui, "Han Zhi murdered the inspector on his own authority. You command this region with the imperial baton—you cannot let that pass unpunished." Gui agreed, sent Central Commandant Si Yuan with twenty thousand men against Zhi, and Zhi came to Gui and surrendered. Before long the Xianbei chief Luoboneng raided Liang province. Gui sent Marshal Song Pei against him; Song beheaded Luoboneng, took more than a hundred thousand captives, and Gui's renown soared.
7
漢王淵攻東贏公騰，騰-{復}-乞師-{於}-拓跋猗迤，衞操勸猗迤助之。 猗迤帥輕騎數千救騰，斬漢將綦毋豚。 詔假猗迤大單-{于}-，加操右將軍。 甲申，猗迤卒，子普根代立。
Han King Yuan attacked Duke Teng of Dongying. Teng again begged the Tuoba chief Yituo for troops, and Wei Cao urged Yituo to help. Yituo led several thousand light cavalry to relieve Teng and slew the Han general Qimu Tun. An edict provisionally made Yituo Great Chanyu and promoted Cao to General of the Right. On jiashen, Yituo died and his son Pugen succeeded him.
8
東海中尉劉洽以張方劫遷車駕，勸司空越起兵討之。 秋，七月，越傳檄山東-{征}-、鎭、州、郡-{云}-：「欲糾帥義旅，奉迎天子，還-{復}-舊都。」 東平王楙聞之，懼； 長史王修説楙曰：「東海，宗室重望； 今興義兵，公宜舉徐州以授之，則免-{於}-難，且有克讓之美矣。」 楙從之。 越乃以司空領徐州都督，楙自爲兗州刺史； 詔卽遣使者劉虔授之。 是時，越兄弟-{並}--{據}-方任，-{於}-是-{范}-陽王虓及王浚等共推越爲盟主，越輒選置刺史以下，朝士多赴之。
Liu Qia, commandant of Donghai, urged Minister over the Masses Yue to raise troops against Zhang Fang for having seized and moved the imperial carriage. In autumn, the seventh month, Yue sent a proclamation through the eastern provinces: "We mean to gather righteous armies, receive the Son of Heaven back, and restore the old capital." When the Prince of Dongping Mao heard this, he was afraid; Chief Administrator Wang Xiu advised Mao, "The Prince of Donghai enjoys great standing in the imperial house; now that he is raising righteous troops, you should yield Xu province to him—you will escape disaster and win credit for gracious yielding." Mao took his advice. Yue then served as Minister over the Masses and regional commander of Xu province; Mao made himself inspector of Yan province; the court at once sent the envoy Liu Qian to confirm the appointments. By then Yue's brothers together held regional posts; the Prince of Fanyang Xiao, Wang Jun, and others jointly made Yue alliance leader, and Yue appointed officials down to the rank of inspector as he saw fit—many courtiers flocked to him.
9
成都王穎旣廢，河北人多憐之。 穎故將公師籓等自稱將軍，起兵-{於}-趙、魏，衆至數萬。 初，上黨武鄕羯人石勒，有膽力，善騎射。 并州大饑，建威將軍閻粹説東嬴公騰執諸胡-{於}-山東，賣充軍實。 勒亦被掠，賣爲茌平人師懽奴，懽奇其狀貌而免之。 懽家鄰-{於}-馬牧，勒乃與牧帥汲桑結壯士爲群盜。 及公師籓起，桑與勒帥數百騎赴之。 桑始命勒以石爲姓，勒爲名。 籓攻陷郡縣，殺二千石、長史，轉前，攻鄴。 平昌公模甚懼； -{范}-陽王虓遣其將苟晞救鄴，與廣平太守譙國丁紹共撃籓，走之。
After Prince of Chengdu Ying was deposed, many north of the Yellow River pitied him. Ying's former generals Gongshi Fan and others declared themselves generals and raised troops in Zhao and Wei; their forces soon numbered tens of thousands. Earlier, the Jie tribesman Shi Le of Wuxiang in Shangdang was bold and strong and excelled at mounted archery. A great famine struck Bing province. General of Establishing Prestige Yan Cui urged Duke Teng of Dongying to seize the non-Han peoples east of the mountains and sell them to fill the army's stores. Le was seized too and sold as a slave to Shi Huan of Chiping; Huan was struck by his looks and spared him. Huan's home lay near the horse pastures; Le joined the herd chief Ji Sang and with stalwart companions became bandits. When Gongshi Fan rose, Sang and Le led several hundred horsemen to his banner. Sang first gave him the surname Shi and the personal name Le. Fan overran commanderies and counties, killed prefects and chief administrators, and pressed on to attack Ye. Duke of Pingchang Mo was deeply alarmed; the Prince of Fanyang Xiao sent his general Gou Xi to relieve Ye; with Guangping Administrator Ding Shao of Qiao he attacked Fan and drove him off.
10
八月，辛-{丑}-，大赦。
In the eighth month, on xinchou, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
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司空越以琅邪王睿爲平東將軍，監徐州諸軍事，留守下邳。 睿請王導爲司馬，委以軍事。 越帥甲士三萬，西屯蕭縣，-{范}-陽王虓自許屯-{於}-滎陽。 越承-{製}-以豫州刺史劉喬爲冀州刺史，以-{范}-陽王虓領豫州刺史； 喬以虓非天子命，-{發}-兵拒之。 虓以劉琨爲司馬，越以劉蕃爲淮北護軍，劉輿爲穎川太守。 喬上尚書，列輿兄弟罪惡，因引兵攻許，遣其長子祐將兵拒越-{於}-蕭縣之靈壁，越兵不能進。 東平王楙在兗州，-{徴}-求不已，郡縣不堪命。 -{范}-陽王虓遣苟晞還兗州，徙楙都督靑州。 楙不受命，背山東諸侯，與劉喬合。
Minister over the Masses Yue appointed Prince of Langye Rui General Who Pacifies the East, put him in charge of Xu province forces, and left him at Xiapi. Rui asked for Wang Dao as marshal and entrusted him with military affairs. Yue led thirty thousand armored troops west to Xiao county; the Prince of Fanyang Xiao marched from Xu and encamped at Xingyang. Acting on imperial authority, Yue made Liu Qiao of Yuzhou inspector of Ji province and had the Prince of Fanyang Xiao take charge of Yuzhou; Qiao said Xiao lacked the Son of Heaven's appointment and raised troops to resist him. Xiao made Liu Kun his marshal; Yue appointed Liu Fan protector of the army north of the Huai and Liu Yu administrator of Yingchuan. Qiao memorialized the Ministry of Works listing the Yu brothers' crimes, then marched on Xu; he sent his eldest son You to block Yue at Lingbi in Xiao county, and Yue's army could not advance. The Prince of Dongping Mao was in Yan province, levying demands without end; commanderies and counties could not endure it. the Prince of Fanyang Xiao sent Gou Xi back to Yan province and transferred Mao to be regional commander of Qing province. Mao refused the order, broke with the eastern lords, and allied with Liu Qiao.
12
太宰顒聞山東兵起，甚懼。 以公師籓爲成都王穎起兵，壬午，表穎爲鎭軍大將軍、都督河北諸軍事，給兵千人； 以盧-{志}-爲魏郡太守，隨穎鎭鄴，欲以撫安之； 又遣建武將軍呂朗屯洛陽。
When Grand Marshal Yong heard that the eastern provinces had risen in arms, he was deeply alarmed. Learning that Gongshi Fan was raising troops for Prince of Chengdu Ying, on renwu he memorialized making Ying General of Garrisoning the Army and commander-in-chief of Hebei forces, with a thousand troops; he appointed Lu Zhi administrator of Wei commandery to accompany Ying at Ye, hoping to pacify the north; he also sent General of Establishing Martial Lu Lang to garrison Luoyang.
13
顒-{發}-詔，令東海王越等各就國，越等不從。 會得劉喬上事，冬，十月，丙子，下詔稱：「劉輿迫脅-{范}-陽王虓，造構凶逆。 其令鎭南大將軍劉弘、平南將軍彭城王釋、-{征}-東大將軍劉准，各勒所統，與劉喬-{並}-力； 以張方爲大都督，統精卒十萬，與呂朗共會許昌，誅輿兄弟。」 釋，宣帝弟子穆王權之孫也。 丁-{丑}-，顒使成都王穎領將軍樓褒等，前車騎將軍石超領北中郎將王闡等，-{據}-河橋，爲劉喬繼援。 進喬鎭東將軍，假節。
Yong issued an edict ordering the Prince of Donghai Yue and the others each to return to his fief; Yue and the others refused. When Liu Qiao's memorial arrived, in winter, the tenth month, on bingzi, an edict declared, "Liu Yu coerced the Prince of Fanyang Xiao and contrived vicious treason. Let General Who Guards the South Liu Hong, General Who Pacifies the South Prince of Pengcheng Shi, and General Who Expedites the East Liu Zhun each lead their forces and join Liu Qiao in concert; appoint Zhang Fang grand commander-in-chief with a hundred thousand elite troops to join Lu Lang at Xuchang and execute the Yu brothers." Shi was the grandson of Prince Mu, son of Emperor Xuan's younger brother Quan. On dingchou, Yong sent Prince of Chengdu Ying with General Lou Bao and others, and Former General of Chariots and Cavalry Shi Chao with Northern Gentlemen's General Wang Chan and others, to hold the Yellow River bridge as follow-on support for Liu Qiao. Qiao was promoted to General Who Pacifies the East and given provisional credentials.
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劉弘遺喬及司空越書，欲使之解怨釋兵，同獎王室，皆不-{聽}-。 弘又上表曰：「自頃兵戈紛亂，猜禍鋒生，疑隙構-{於}-群王，災難延-{於}-宗子。 今夕爲忠，明旦爲逆，翩其反而，互爲戎首。 載籍以來，骨肉之禍未有如今者也，臣竊悲之！ 今邊陲無備豫之儲，中華有杼軸之困，而股肱之臣，不惟國體，職競尋常，自相楚剝。 萬一四夷乘虚爲變，此亦猛虎交鬪自效-{於}-卞莊者矣。 臣以爲宜速-{發}-明詔詔越等，令兩釋猜嫌，各保分局。 自今以-{後}-，其有不被詔書，擅興兵馬者，天下共伐之。」 時太宰顒方拒關東，倚喬爲助，不納其言。
Liu Hong wrote to Qiao and to Minister over the Masses Yue, urging them to lay down their feud and take up arms together for the royal house—neither would listen. Hong also submitted a memorial: "Lately arms have risen in chaos; suspicion and disaster flash among us; mistrust has grown among the princes and calamity has spread through the imperial clan. Tonight one is loyal, tomorrow a rebel—they whirl about and turn on each other, each becoming a war leader. In all the records there has never been such strife among kin as now—I grieve for it in private! The frontiers lack stores against sudden need; the heartland suffers the strain of the loom's axle; yet the state's chief servants do not consider the nation's welfare—they compete in petty ways and flay one another. Should the four barbarians seize the moment to make trouble, this would be like two tigers fighting while Bian Zhuangzi waits to strike both. I believe a clear edict should quickly be sent to Yue and the others, ordering them to lay aside suspicion and each keep to his territory. From now on, whoever raises troops without imperial edict—the realm together shall attack him." At that time Grand Marshal Yong was holding off the east and leaning on Qiao for support; he would not heed these words.
15
喬乘虚襲許，破之。 劉琨將兵救許，不及，遂與兄輿及-{范}-陽王虓倶奔河北； 琨父母爲喬所執。 劉弘以張方殘暴，知顒必敗，乃遣參軍劉盤爲督護，帥諸軍受司空越節度。
Qiao seized the moment, raided Xu, and took it. Liu Kun marched to relieve Xu but arrived too late; he fled with his brother Yu and the Prince of Fanyang Xiao to Hebei; Qiao seized Kun's parents. Liu Hong, seeing Zhang Fang's brutality and knowing Yong would fall, sent his military adviser Liu Pan as commandant protector to lead his forces under Minister over the Masses Yue's command.
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時天下大亂，弘專督江、漢，威行南服。 謀事有成者，則曰「某人之功」； 如有負敗，則曰「老子之罪」。 毎有興-{發}-，手書守相，丁-{寧}-款密。 所以人皆感悅，急赴之，-{咸}-曰：「得劉公一紙書，賢-{於}-十部從事。」 前廣漢太守辛冉説弘以從橫之事，弘怒，斬之。
The realm was in chaos; Hong alone governed the Yangtze and Han, and his authority held sway in the south. When a plan succeeded he would say, "That was so-and-so's achievement"; if there was failure he would say, "This old man's fault." Whenever he undertook a campaign he personally wrote the district governors, earnest and meticulous. Everyone was moved and eager to serve; they said, "One letter from Duke Liu is worth more than ten staff officers." Former administrator of Guanghan Xin Ran urged Hong toward alliance politics; Hong was enraged and executed him.
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有星孛-{於}-北-{斗}-。
A comet appeared at the Northern Dipper.
18
平昌公模遣將軍宋冑趣河橋。
Duke of Pingchang Mo sent General Song Zhou to hurry to the Yellow River bridge.
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十一月，立節將軍周權，詐被檄，自稱平西將軍，-{復}-立羊-{后}-。 洛陽令何喬攻權，殺之，-{復}-廢羊-{后}-。 太宰顒矯詔，以羊-{后}-屢爲-{姦}-人所立，遣尚書田淑敕留-{臺}-賜-{後}-死。 詔書累至，司隸校尉劉暾等上奏，固執以爲：「羊庶人門戸殘破，廢放空宮，門禁峻密，無縁得與-{姦}-人構亂。 衆無愚智，皆謂其冤。 今殺一枯窮之人，而令天下傷慘，何益-{於}-治！」 顒怒，遣呂朗收暾。 暾奔靑州，依髙密王略。 然羊-{后}-亦以是得免。
In the eleventh month, General Who Establishes Integrity Zhou Quan, falsely claiming an edict, styled himself General Who Pacifies the West and restored Empress Yang. Luoyang magistrate He Qiao attacked Quan, killed him, and again deposed Empress Yang. Grand Marshal Yong forged an edict, claiming Empress Yang had repeatedly been installed by traitors, and sent Minister of Writs Tian Shu to detain her at the capital and order her death. Edict after edict arrived; Director of Retainers Liu Dun and others memorialized, insisting, "The deposed Lady Yang's household is ruined; she is confined in an empty palace under strict guard—she could not have colluded with traitors. High and low alike say she was wronged. To kill one helpless, ruined woman and fill the realm with grief—what good is that for governance?" Yong was enraged and sent Lu Lang to arrest Dun. Dun fled to Qing province and took refuge with Prince of Gaomi Lüe. Yet Empress Yang was spared because of this.
20
十二月，呂朗等東屯滎陽，成都王穎進-{據}-洛陽。
In the twelfth month, Lu Lang and others encamped east at Xingyang; Prince of Chengdu Ying advanced and occupied Luoyang.
21
劉琨説冀州刺史太原温羨，使讓位-{於}--{范}-陽王虓。 虓領冀州，遣琨詣幽州乞師-{於}-王浚； 浚以突騎資之，撃王闡-{於}-河上，殺之。 琨遂與虓引兵濟河，斬石超-{於}-滎陽。 劉喬自考城引退。 虓遣琨及督護田徽東撃東平王楙-{於}-廩丘，楙走還國。 琨、徽引兵東迎越，撃劉祐-{於}-譙； 祐敗死，喬衆遂潰，喬奔平氏。 司空越進屯陽武，王浚遣其將祁弘帥突騎鮮卑、烏桓爲越先驅。
Liu Kun persuaded Wen Xian of Taiyuan, inspector of Ji province, to yield his post to the Prince of Fanyang Xiao. Xiao assumed control of Ji province and sent Liu Kun to Youzhou to request reinforcements from Wang Jun; Wang Jun furnished him with shock cavalry, attacked Wang Chan on the river, and slew him. Kun then joined Xiao in leading an army across the Yellow River and beheaded Shi Chao at Xingyang. Liu Qiao withdrew from Kaocheng. Xiao dispatched Liu Kun and the guard supervisor Tian Hui east to attack the Prince of Dongping, Mao, at Linqiu; Mao fled back to his fief. Kun and Hui marched east to meet Sima Yue and attacked Liu You at Qiao; Liu You was defeated and killed; Qiao's army broke apart, and Qiao fled to Pingshi. Minister over the Masses Yue advanced and encamped at Yangwu; Wang Jun sent his general Qi Hong at the head of Xianbei and Wuhuan shock cavalry to serve as Yue's vanguard.
22
初，陳敏旣克石冰，自謂勇略無敵，有割-{據}-江東之-{志}-。 其父怒曰：「滅我門者，必此兒也！」 遂以憂卒。 敏以喪去職。 司空越起敏爲右將軍、前鋒都督。 越爲劉祐所敗，敏請東歸收兵，遂-{據}--{歴}-陽叛。 呉王常侍甘卓，棄宮東歸，至-{歴}-陽，敏爲子景娶卓女，使卓假稱皇太弟令，拜敏揚州刺史。 敏使弟恢及別將錢端等南略江州，弟斌東略諸郡，江州刺史應邈、揚州刺史劉機、丹楊太守壬曠皆棄官走。
Earlier, after Chen Min had defeated Shi Bing, he believed himself unmatched in courage and strategy and set his heart on carving out and holding Jiangdong for himself. His father said furiously, "The one who will destroy our house will surely be this boy!" He then died of grief. Min resigned his post to observe mourning. Minister over the Masses Yue recalled Min and made him Right General and Vanguard Commander-in-Chief. When Yue was defeated by Liu You, Min asked leave to return east and raise troops; he then seized Liyang and rebelled. The Wu King's attendant Gan Zhuo left the palace and returned east. When he reached Liyang, Min had his son Jing marry Zhuo's daughter, had Zhuo issue a forged order in the name of the Grand Heir Presumptive, and appointed Min governor of Yangzhou. Min sent his brother Hui and detached generals including Qian Duan to overrun Jiangzhou in the south, and his brother Bin to overrun commanderies in the east. Jiangzhou inspector Ying Miao, Yangzhou inspector Liu Ji, and Danyang administrator Wang Kuang all abandoned office and fled.
23
敏遂-{據}-有江東，以顧榮爲右將軍，賀循爲丹楊内史，周玘爲安-{豐}-太守，凡江東豪傑、名士，-{咸}-加收禮，爲將軍、郡守者四十-{餘}-人； 或有老疾，就加秩命。 循詐爲狂疾，得免，乃以榮領丹楊内史。 玘亦稱疾，不之郡。 敏疑諸名士終不爲己用，欲盡誅之。 榮説敏曰：「中國喪亂，胡夷内侮。 觀今日之勢，不能-{復}-振，百姓將無遺-{種}-。 江南雖經石冰之亂，人物尚全，榮常憂無孫、劉之主有以存之。 今將軍神武不世，勳效已著，帶甲數萬，舳艫山積，若能委信君子，使各得盡懷，散蒂芥之嫌，塞讒諂之口，則上方數州，可傳檄而定； 不然，終不濟也。」 敏乃止。 敏命僚佐推己爲都督江東諸軍事、大司馬、楚公，加九錫，列上尚書，稱被中詔，自江入沔、漢，奉迎鑾駕。
Min then controlled all of Jiangdong. He made Gu Rong Right General, He Xun internal secretary of Danyang, and Zhou Ji administrator of Anfeng. Every eminent figure and celebrated scholar in Jiangdong was recruited and honored; more than forty were appointed generals or commandery administrators; and those who were old or infirm were given honorary titles in place. He Xun feigned madness and was excused from office; Gu Rong was then put in charge of Danyang as acting internal secretary. Zhou Ji likewise pleaded illness and never took up his post. Min suspected the eminent scholars would never truly serve him and planned to execute them all. Gu Rong urged Min, saying, "The heartland is in chaos, and barbarians are pressing in from within. Judging the situation today, the dynasty cannot be restored, and the people will be wiped out to the last man. Though Jiangnan has been ravaged by Shi Bing's rebellion, its people are still largely intact. I have long feared that without a ruler in the mold of Sun Quan or Liu Bei, there will be no one to preserve them. General, your martial prowess is unmatched in this age, your achievements are already plain, you command tens of thousands of armored men, and your warships are piled like mountains. If you place your trust in men of talent, let each give his utmost, put aside petty grievances, and shut the mouths of slanderers, then the provinces to the north could be won by proclamation alone; otherwise you will never succeed in the end." Min then abandoned the plan. Min had his staff recommend him as commander of all military affairs in Jiangdong, grand marshal, and Duke of Chu with the Nine Bestowals. He sent memorials to the Ministry of Works, claiming a secret edict had ordered him to sail from the Yangtze into the Han and Mian rivers to escort the imperial carriage.
24
太宰顒以張光爲順陽太守，帥歩騎五千詣荊州討敏。 劉弘遣江夏太守陶侃、武陵太守苗光屯夏口，又遣南平太守汝南應詹督水軍以繼之。 侃與敏同郡，又同歳舉吏。 隨郡内史扈懷言-{於}-弘曰：「侃居大郡，統強兵，脱有異-{志}-，則荊州無東門矣！」 弘曰：「侃之忠能，吾得之已久，必無是也。」 侃聞之，遣子洪及兄子臻詣弘以自固，弘引爲參軍，資而遣之。 曰：「賢叔-{征}-行，君祖母年髙，便可歸也。 匹夫之交，尚不負心，況大丈夫乎！」
Grand Preceptor Yong appointed Zhang Guang administrator of Shunyang and led five thousand infantry and cavalry to Jingzhou to campaign against Min. Liu Hong sent Jiangxia administrator Tao Kan and Wuling administrator Miao Guang to encamp at Xiakou, and also dispatched Nanping administrator Ying Zhan of Runan to take command of the fleet in support. Tao Kan and Chen Min were natives of the same commandery and had entered official service in the same year. Suixian internal secretary Hu Huai said to Liu Hong, "Tao Kan holds a major commandery and commands a strong force. If he should turn disloyal, Jingzhou would have lost its eastern gate!" Liu Hong replied, "I have long known Tao Kan's loyalty and ability. That will certainly not happen." When Tao Kan heard of this, he sent his son Hong and his nephew Zhen to Liu Hong to reaffirm his loyalty. Hong took them on as staff officers, provided for them, and sent them home. He told them, "Your worthy uncle is on campaign, and your grandmother is very old. You should go home. Even the friendship of common men does not betray the heart — how much less should a great man do so!"
25
敏以陳恢爲荊州刺史，寇武昌； 弘加侃前鋒督護以-{御}-之。 侃以運船爲戰艦，或以爲不可。 侃曰：「用官船撃官賊，何爲不可！」 侃與恢戰，屢破之； 又與皮初、張光、苗光共破錢端-{於}-長岐。
Min made Chen Hui governor of Jingzhou and raided Wuchang; Liu Hong gave Tao Kan the additional title of vanguard supervisor to resist him. Tao Kan converted transport vessels into warships, and some considered that imprudent. Tao Kan said, "Using government ships to strike government rebels — what could be wrong with that!" He fought Chen Hui again and again and routed him each time; and together with Pi Chu, Zhang Guang, and Miao Guang he defeated Qian Duan at Changqi.
26
南陽太守衞展説弘曰：「張光，太宰腹心，公旣與東海，宜斬光以明向背。」 弘曰：「宰輔得失，豈張光之罪！ 危人自安，君子弗爲也。」 乃表光殊勳，乞加遷擢。
Nanyang administrator Wei Zhan urged Liu Hong, "Zhang Guang is the Grand Preceptor's trusted man. Since you have sided with Donghai, you ought to execute Guang to make your allegiance plain." Liu Hong replied, "Whether the chief minister succeeds or fails — how is that Zhang Guang's fault! Endangering others to save oneself is something a gentleman does not do." He then memorialized Zhang Guang's outstanding service and asked that he be promoted.
27
是歳，離石大饑，漢王淵徙屯黎亭，就邸閣-{谷}-； 留太尉宏守離石，使大司農-{卜}-豫運糧以給之。
That year Lishi suffered a severe famine. Han King Liu Yuan moved his camp to Liting to draw grain from the government storehouse; he left Grand Commandant Liu Hong to hold Lishi and sent Grand Minister of Agriculture Bu Yu to transport grain for their relief.
28
春，正月，戊子朔，日有食之。
In spring, the first month, on the new moon of day wuzi, there was a solar eclipse.
29
初，太弟中庶子蘭陵繆播有寵-{於}-司空越； 播從弟右衞率胤，太宰顒前妃之弟也。 越之起兵，遣播、胤詣長安説顒，令奉帝還洛，約與顒分陝爲伯。 顒素信重播兄弟，卽欲從之。 張方自以罪重，恐爲誅首，謂顒曰：「今-{據}-形勝之地，國富兵強，奉天子以號令，誰敢不從，奈何拱手受-{制}--{於}-人！」 顒乃止。 及劉喬敗，顒懼，欲罷兵，與山東和解。 恐張方不從，猶豫未決。
Earlier, the Heir Presumptive's central palace attendant Miu Bo of Lanling had won the favor of Minister over the Masses Yue; Bo's younger cousin Yin, right defender of the Heir, was a brother of Grand Preceptor Yong's former consort. When Yue raised his army, he sent Bo and Yin to Chang'an to persuade Yong to escort the emperor back to Luoyang, proposing that they divide the realm at Shan Pass and each rule as a feudal lord. Yong had long trusted and esteemed the Bo brothers and was ready to accept at once. Zhang Fang, knowing his crimes were grave and fearing he would be the first man executed, said to Yong, "We now hold commanding ground, the state is rich and our armies are strong. Upheld by the Son of Heaven, we can issue orders at will — who would dare disobey? Why surrender passively to others!" Yong then abandoned the plan. When Liu Qiao was defeated, Yong grew fearful and wished to cease fighting and make peace with the eastern provinces. Fearing Zhang Fang would refuse, he wavered and could not decide.
30
方素與長安富人郅輔親善，以爲帳下督。 顒參軍河間畢垣，嘗爲方所侮，因説顒曰：「張方久屯霸上，聞山東兵盛，盤桓不進，宜防其未萌。 其親信郅輔縣具其謀。」 繆播、繆胤-{復}-説顒：「宜急斬方以謝，山東可不勞而定。」 顒使人召輔，垣迎説輔曰：「張方欲反，人謂卿知之。 王若問卿，何辭以對？」 輔驚曰：「實不聞方反，爲之奈何？」 垣曰：「王若問卿，但言爾爾； 不然，必不免禍。」 輔入，顒問之曰：「張方反，卿知之乎？」 輔曰：「爾。」 顒曰：「遣卿取之，可乎？」 又曰：「爾。」 顒-{於}-是使輔送書-{於}-方，因殺之。 輔旣暱-{於}-方，持刀而入，守閣者不疑。 方火下-{發}-函，輔斬其頭。 還報，顒以輔爲安定太守。 送方頭-{於}-司空越以請和； 越不許。
Fang had long been intimate with the wealthy Chang'an man Zhi Fu and appointed him supervisor of his camp. Yong's staff officer Bi Yuan of Hejian, whom Fang had once insulted, therefore urged Yong, "Zhang Fang has long been encamped at Bashang. Hearing that the eastern armies are strong, he hangs back and will not advance. You should guard against trouble before it takes root. His confidant Zhi Fu knows the whole of his scheme." Miu Bo and Miu Yin again urged Yong, "You should execute Fang at once to make amends. The east could then be pacified without a fight." Yong sent for Fu. Bi Yuan intercepted him and said, "Zhang Fang is plotting rebellion, and people say you know about it. If the prince questions you, what will you say?" Zhi Fu said in alarm, "I truly have not heard that Fang is rebelling. What am I to do?" Bi Yuan said, "If the prince asks you, simply say, 'Indeed, indeed'; otherwise you will surely not escape disaster." Fu went in. Yong asked him, "Zhang Fang is rebelling. Do you know of it?" Fu said, "Indeed." Yong said, "If I send you to take him, will that do?" Fu again said, "Indeed." Yong then sent Fu to deliver a letter to Fang and kill him in the act. Because Fu was close to Fang, he entered carrying a sword, and the gate guards suspected nothing. Fang was by lamplight breaking the seal on the letter when Fu struck off his head. When he returned to report, Yong appointed Fu administrator of Anding. He sent Zhang Fang's head to Minister over the Masses Yue to sue for peace; Yue refused.
31
宋冑襲河橋，樓褒西走。 平昌公模遣前鋒督護馮-{嵩}-會宋冑逼洛陽。 成都王穎西奔長安，至華陰，聞顒已與山東和親，留不敢進。 呂朗屯滎陽，劉琨以張方首示之，遂降。 甲子，司空越遣祁弘、宋冑、司馬纂帥鮮卑西迎車駕，以周馥爲司隸校尉、假節，都督諸軍，屯澠池。
Song Zhou attacked the Yellow River bridge, and Lou Bao fled west. Prince of Pingchang Mo sent vanguard supervisor Feng Song to join Song Zhou and press toward Luoyang. Prince of Chengdu Ying fled west toward Chang'an. When he reached Huayin and heard that Yong had made peace with the eastern provinces, he halted and dared not go on. Lu Lang was encamped at Xingyang. Liu Kun displayed Zhang Fang's head to him, and he surrendered at once. On day jiazi, Minister over the Masses Yue sent Qi Hong, Song Zhou, and Sima Zuan at the head of Xianbei forces west to welcome the imperial carriage. He made Zhou Fu metropolitan commandant with credentials to supervise all armies and encamped him at Mianchi.
32
三月，惤令劉柏根反，衆以萬數，自稱惤公。 王彌帥家僮從之，柏根以彌爲長史，彌從父弟桑爲東中郎將。 柏根寇臨淄，靑州都督髙密王略使劉暾將兵拒之； 暾兵敗，奔洛陽，略走保聊城。 王浚遣將討柏根，斬之。 王彌亡入長廣山爲群盜。
In the third month, the evil-exorcising magistrate Liu Bogen rebelled. His followers numbered in the tens of thousands, and he styled himself Duke of Exorcism. Wang Mi led his household retainers to join him. Bogen made Mi his chief clerk and Mi's cousin Sang eastern central cadet-general. Bogen raided Linzi. Qingzhou commander-in-chief Prince of Gaomi Wang Lue sent Liu Dun with troops to resist him; Dun was defeated and fled to Luoyang. Wang Lue withdrew to defend Liaocheng. Wang Jun sent a general against Bogen and had him beheaded. Wang Mi fled into Mount Changguang and became leader of a band of robbers.
33
-{寧}-州頻歳饑疫，死者以十萬計。 五苓夷強盛，州兵屢敗。 吏民流入交州者甚衆，夷遂圍州城。 李毅疾病，救援路絶，乃上疎言：「不能式遏寇虐，坐待殄斃。 若不垂矜恤，乞降大使，及臣尚存，加臣重-{辟}-； 若臣已死，陳屍爲戮。」 朝廷不報，積數年，子釗自洛往省之，未至，毅卒。 毅女秀，明達有父風，衆推秀領-{寧}-州事。 秀獎厲戰士，嬰城固守。 城中糧盡，炙鼠拔草而食之。 伺夷稍怠，輒出兵掩撃，破之。
Ning province suffered famine and plague year after year; the dead were reckoned in the hundreds of thousands. The Wulingyi grew powerful, and the provincial army was repeatedly defeated. Great numbers of officials and commoners fled into Jiaozhou, and the barbarians then besieged the provincial capital. Li Yi fell ill, and the routes of relief were cut off. He submitted a memorial saying, "I am unable to check the invaders' cruelty and can only sit awaiting destruction. If Your Majesty will not show compassionate regard, I beg that a high envoy be sent. While I yet live, impose the heaviest punishment upon me; if I am already dead, let my corpse be displayed for punishment." The court gave no reply. After several years his son Zhao set out from Luoyang to visit him, but had not arrived when Yi died. Yi's daughter Xiu was clear-sighted and had her father's bearing; the people urged Xiu to take charge of Ning province. Xiu encouraged the fighting men and held the city under siege. When food in the city ran out, they roasted rats and pulled up grass to eat. Whenever she saw the barbarians relax their guard, she sent troops out in surprise attacks and routed them.
34
-{范}-長生詣成都，成都王雄門迎，執版，拜爲丞相，尊之曰-{范}-賢。
Fan Changsheng went to Chengdu. Prince of Chengdu Li Xiong met him at the gate, presented the investiture tablet, appointed him chancellor, and honored him as Lord Fan the Worthy.
35
夏，四月，己巳，司空越引兵屯温。 初，太宰顒以爲張方死，東方兵必可解。 旣而東方兵聞方死，爭入關，顒悔之，乃斬郅輔，遣弘農太守彭隨、北地太守刁默將兵拒祁弘等-{於}-湖。 五月，壬辰，弘等撃隨、默，大破之。 遂西入關，又敗顒將馬瞻、郭偉-{於}-霸水，顒單馬逃入太白山。 弘等入長安，所部鮮卑大掠，殺二萬-{餘}-人，百官奔散，入山中，拾橡實食之。 己亥，弘等奉帝乘牛車東還。 以太弟太保梁柳爲鎭西將軍，守關中。 六月，丙辰朔，帝至洛陽，-{復}-羊-{後}-。 辛未，大赦，改元。
In summer, the fourth month, on day jisi, Minister over the Masses Yue led his army to encamp at Wen. At first Grand Preceptor Yong believed that once Zhang Fang was dead, the eastern armies would surely disband. But when the eastern armies heard that Fang was dead, they rushed to enter the passes. Yong regretted his decision, executed Zhi Fu, and sent Peng Sui, administrator of Hongnong, and Diao Mo, administrator of Beidi, with troops to block Qi Hong and the others at Hu. In the fifth month, on day renchen, Hong and his forces attacked Sui and Mo and routed them completely. They then pushed west into the passes and again defeated Yong's generals Ma Zhan and Guo Wei at Bashui. Yong fled alone on horseback into the Taibai Mountains. Hong and his men entered Chang'an. The Xianbei in their ranks looted on a vast scale and killed more than twenty thousand people. Officials fled in every direction into the hills, gathering acorns to survive. On day jihai, Hong and his followers escorted the emperor eastward in an ox cart. They appointed Liang Liu, grand mentor to the heir presumptive, as General Who Pacifies the West to hold Guanzhong. In the sixth month, on the new moon of day bingchen, the emperor reached Luoyang and restored Empress Yang. On day xinwei there was a general amnesty and the era name was changed.
36
馬瞻等入長安，殺梁柳，與始平太守梁邁共迎太宰顒-{於}-南山。 弘農太守裴廙、秦國内史賈龕、安定太守賈疋等起兵撃顒，斬馬瞻、梁邁。 疋，詡之曾孫也。 司空越遣督護麋晃將兵撃顒，至鄭，顒使平北將軍牽秀屯馮翊。 顒長史楊騰，詐稱顒命，使秀罷兵，騰遂殺秀，關中皆服-{於}-越，顒保城而已。
Ma Zhan and his men entered Chang'an, killed Liang Liu, and together with Liang Mai, administrator of Shiping, went to South Mountain to welcome Grand Preceptor Yong back. Pei Guang, administrator of Hongnong, Jia Kan, interior minister of Qin, Jia Pi, administrator of Anding, and others raised forces against Yong and beheaded Ma Zhan and Liang Mai. Jia Pi was the great-grandson of Jia Xu. Minister over the Masses Yue dispatched Supervising Protector Mi Huang with an army against Yong. When Huang reached Zheng, Yong sent General Who Pacifies the North Qian Xiu to hold Fengyi. Yong's chief clerk Yang Teng forged an order in Yong's name telling Xiu to stand down, then killed Xiu. All of Guanzhong submitted to Yue, and Yong was reduced to defending the city alone.
37
成都王雄卽皇帝位，大赦，改元曰晏平，國號大成。 追尊父特曰景皇帝，廟號始祖； 尊王太-{后}-曰皇太-{后}-。 以-{范}-長生爲天地太師； -{復}-其部-{曲}-，皆不豫-{徴}-稅。 諸將恃恩，互爭班位，尚書令閻式上疎，請考漢、晉故事，立百官-{制}-度，從之。
The Prince of Chengdu, Li Xiong, took the imperial throne, proclaimed a general amnesty, changed the era name to Yanping, and named his state Dacheng. He posthumously honored his father Li Te as Emperor Jing, with the temple name Founding Ancestor; and elevated the queen mother to empress dowager. He appointed Fan Changsheng Grand Master of Heaven and Earth; restored his followers to their ranks, and exempted them all from taxes and corvée. The generals, trusting in royal favor, fought over precedence. Supervisor of the Masters of Writing Yan Shi submitted a memorial asking that Han and Jin precedents be studied to set up a formal bureaucracy, and the court agreed.
38
秋，七月，乙酉朔，日有食之。
In autumn, the seventh month, on the new moon of day yiyou, there was a solar eclipse.
39
八月，以司空越爲太傅，録尚書事； -{范}-陽王虓爲司空，鎭鄴； 平昌公模爲鎭東大將軍，鎭許昌； 王浚爲驃騎大將軍、都督東夷、河北諸軍事，領幽州刺史。 越以吏部郎穎川庚敳爲軍諮祭酒，前太弟中庶子胡母輔之爲從事中郎，黃門侍郎河南郭象爲主簿，鴻臚丞阮修爲行參軍，謝鯤爲掾。 輔之-{薦}-樂安光逸-{於}-越，越亦-{辟}-之。 敳等皆尚虚玄，不以世務嬰心，縱酒放誕； 敳殖貨無厭； 象薄行，好招權； 越皆以其名重-{於}-世，故-{辟}-之。
In the eighth month, Minister over the Masses Yue was appointed Grand Tutor with authority to record matters of the Masters of Writing; the Prince of Fanyang, Sima Chou, became Minister over the Masses and took up station at Ye; the Duke of Pingchang, Sima Mo, became General Who Pacifies the East and held Xuchang; and Wang Jun was made Grand General of Agile Cavalry, commander of armies in the east and on the Hebei frontier, with concurrent appointment as governor of You Province. Yue named Geng Kai of Yingchuan, a lang in the Ministry of Personnel, army advisory libationer; Humu Fuzhi, former central palace attendant to the heir presumptive, attendant gentleman; Guo Xiang of Henan, gentleman at the yellow gates, chief clerk; Ruan Xiu, vice director of the imperial stud, acting army assistant; and Xie Kun as staff adjutant. Fuzhi recommended Guang Yi of Le'an to Yue, and Yue recruited him as well. Kai and his circle all cultivated abstruse philosophy, shrugged off public business, and gave themselves to wine and wild behavior; Kai hoarded wealth without limit; Xiang's morals were thin and he loved to grasp power; yet Yue brought them all in because their names carried weight across the realm.
40
祁弘之入關也，成都王穎自武關奔新野。 會新城元公劉弘卒，司馬郭勱作亂，欲迎穎爲主，治中順陽； 郭舒奉弘子璠以討勱，斬之。 詔南中郎將劉陶收穎。 穎北渡河，奔朝歌，收故將士，得數百人，欲赴公師籓。 九月，頓丘太守馮-{嵩}-執之，送鄴； -{范}-陽王虓不忍殺而幽之。 公師籓自白馬南渡河，兗州刺史苟晞討斬之。
When Qi Hong marched into the passes, the Prince of Chengdu, Sima Ying, fled from Wuguan to Xinye. When Liu Hong, Duke Yuan of Xincheng, died, his marshal Guo Xun rose in revolt and tried to install Ying as lord; the administrator of Shunyang Guo Shu rallied Hong's son Liu Fan to suppress Xun and cut off his head. The court ordered Central Leader of the South Liu Tao to take Ying into custody. Ying crossed the Yellow River northward, fled to Chaoge, rallied a few hundred of his old officers and men, and planned to join Gongshi Fan. In the ninth month, Feng Song, administrator of Dunqiu, seized him and sent him to Ye; the Prince of Fanyang, Sima Chou, could not bring himself to execute Ying and kept him under house arrest instead. Gongshi Fan crossed south from Baima, but Gou Xi, governor of Yan Province, pursued him and cut off his head.
41
進東贏公騰爵爲東燕王，平昌公模爲南陽王。
Duke Teng of Dongying was raised to Prince of Dongyan, and Duke Mo of Pingchang to Prince of Nanyang.
42
冬，十月，-{范}-陽王虓薨。 長史劉輿以成都王穎素爲鄴人所附，秘不-{發}-喪，偽令人爲-{臺}-使稱詔，夜，賜穎死，-{並}-殺其二子。 穎官屬先皆逃散，惟盧-{志}-隨從，至死不怠，收而殯之。 太傅越召-{志}-爲軍諮祭酒。
In winter, the tenth month, the Prince of Fanyang, Sima Chou, died. Chief Clerk Liu Yu, knowing that the people of Ye had long favored the Prince of Chengdu, concealed Chou's death. He sent a man disguised as an imperial messenger with a forged edict and, that night, had Ying put to death along with his two sons. Ying's staff had already scattered; only Lu Zhi stayed with him to the end, then gathered his body and gave him burial. Grand Tutor Yue then summoned Lu Zhi and made him army advisory libationer.
43
越將召劉輿，或曰：「輿猶膩也，近則汚人。」 及至，越疎之。 輿密視天下兵簿及倉庫、牛馬、器械、水陸之形，皆默識之。 時軍國多事，毎會議，自長史潘滔以下，莫知所對； 輿應機辨畫，越傾膝酬接，卽以爲左長史，軍國之務，悉以委之。 輿説越遣其弟琨鎭并州，以爲北-{面}-之重； 越表琨爲并州刺史，以東燕王騰爲車騎將軍、都督鄴城諸軍事，鎭鄴。
Yue was on the point of calling Liu Yu into service when someone warned him, "Yu is like grease — get close and he stains you." When Yu arrived, Yue kept him at arm's length. Yu quietly studied the empire's troop rolls, storehouses, livestock, arms, and the lay of land and water, committing every detail to memory. With war and government in constant crisis, every council meeting left Chief Clerk Pan Tao and the rest speechless; but Yu answered on the spot with sharp plans. Yue leaned in to hear him and at once appointed him left chief clerk, handing him the whole weight of civil and military affairs. Yu urged Yue to post his younger brother Kun in Bing Province as the anchor of the northern frontier; Yue recommended Kun for governor of Bing and made Prince Teng of Dongyan general of chariots and cavalry with command at Ye, where Teng took up residence.
44
十一月，己巳，夜，帝食餅中毒，庚午，崩-{於}-顯陽殿。 羊-{後}-自以-{於}-太弟熾爲嫂，恐不得爲太-{后}-，將立淸河王覃。 侍中華混諫曰：「太弟在東宮已久，民望素定，今日-{寧}-可易乎！」 卽露版馳告太傅越，召太弟入宮。 -{後}-已召覃至尚書閣，疑變，-{托}-疾而返。 癸酉，太弟卽皇帝位，大赦，尊皇-{后}-曰惠皇-{后}-，居弘訓宮； 追尊母王-{才}-人曰皇太-{后}-； 立妃梁氏爲皇-{后}-。
In the eleventh month, on day jisi, the emperor was poisoned by cakes in the night; on day gengwu he died in the Xianyang Hall. Empress Yang, viewing herself as sister-in-law to the heir presumptive Sima Chi, feared she would never be made empress dowager and plotted to enthrone the Prince of Qinghe, Sima Tan. Attendant-in-Ordinary Hua Hun remonstrated, "The heir presumptive has sat in the Eastern Palace for years and the people's hopes are fixed — how can we change course now!" He at once sent an open dispatch racing to Grand Tutor Yue and called the heir presumptive into the palace. The empress had already summoned Tan to the Masters of Writing offices; sensing a shift, she feigned illness and withdrew. On day guiyou the heir presumptive took the throne and proclaimed a general amnesty. He honored the former empress as Empress Hui and installed her in the Hongxun Palace; posthumously raised his mother, Lady Wang, to empress dowager; and made his consort, Lady Liang, empress.
45
懷帝始遵舊-{制}-，-{於}-東堂-{聽}-政。 毎至宴會，輒與群官論衆務，考經籍。 黃門侍郎傅宣歎曰：「今日-{復}-見武帝之世矣！」
Emperor Huai began to follow the old custom of hearing affairs at the Eastern Hall. At every banquet he debated state business with his officials and tested them against the classics. Gentleman Attendant at the Yellow Gates Fu Xuan sighed, "Today we are living again in the age of Emperor Wu!"
46
十二月，壬午朔，日有食之。
In the twelfth month, on the new moon of day renwu, there was a solar eclipse.
47
太傅越以詔書-{徴}-河間王顒爲司徒，顒乃就-{徴}-。 南陽王模遣其將梁臣邀之-{於}-新安，車上扼殺之，-{並}-殺其三子。
Grand Tutor Yue issued an edict summoning the Prince of Hejian, Sima Yong, to the post of Minister of Education, and Yong complied. The Prince of Nanyang, Sima Mo, sent his general Liang Chen to waylay him at Xin'an, throttled him in his carriage, and killed his three sons as well.
48
辛-{丑}-，以中書監温羨爲左光祿大夫，領司徒； 尚書左-{僕}-射王衍爲司空。
On day xinchou, Wen Xian, supervisor of the imperial secretariat, was appointed Left Minister of the Imperial Household with acting rank as Minister of Education; and Wang Yan, left vice director of the Masters of Writing, became Minister over the Masses.
49
己酉，葬惠帝-{於}-太陽陵。
On day jiyou, Emperor Hui was buried at the Taiyang tomb.
50
劉琨至上黨，東燕王騰卽自井陘東下。 時并州饑饉，數爲胡寇所掠，郡縣莫能自保。 州將田甄、甄弟蘭、任祉、祁濟、李惲、薄盛等及使民萬-{餘}-人，悉隨騰就-{穀}-冀州，號爲「乞活」，所-{餘}-之戸不滿二萬，寇賊縱橫，道路斷塞。 琨募兵上黨，得五百人，轉鬪而前。 至晉陽，府寺焚毀，邑野蕭條，琨撫循勞徠，流民稍集。
Liu Kun reached Shangdang just as Prince Teng of Dongyan marched east through Jingxing Pass. Bing Province was then in famine and had been raided again and again by non-Chinese bands; neither district nor county could hold its own. Provincial commanders Tian Zhen, his brother Lan, Ren Zhi, Qi Ji, Li Yun, Bo Sheng, and others, along with more than ten thousand people the province had sent out, all trailed Teng into Ji Province in search of grain, calling themselves the "Begging-to-Live" band. Fewer than twenty thousand households were left behind; robbers roamed unchecked and the roads were impassable. Kun raised five hundred men at Shangdang and fought his way forward. When he reached Jinyang the government compounds lay in ashes and the countryside was empty. Kun soothed the people, called back the exiles, and refugees slowly returned.
51
春，正月，癸-{丑}-，大赦，改元。
In spring, the first month, on day guichou, there was a general amnesty and the era name was changed.
52
吏部郎周穆，太傅越之姑子也，與其妹夫-{御}-史中丞諸葛玫説越曰：「主上之爲太弟，張方意也。 淸河王本太子，公宜立之。」 越不許。 重言之，越怒，斬之。
Zhou Mu, a lang in the Ministry of Personnel and Yue's nephew by marriage, together with his brother-in-law Zhuge Mei, supervisor imperial inspecting censor, told Yue, "The present emperor was made heir presumptive only because Zhang Fang wanted it. The Prince of Qinghe was the rightful crown prince. You ought to restore him." Yue refused. When they pressed the point, Yue flew into a rage and had them both executed.
53
二月，王彌寇靑、徐二州，自稱-{征}-東大將軍，攻殺二千石。 太傅越以公車令東萊鞠羨爲本郡太守，以討彌，彌撃殺之。
In the second month, Wang Mi ravaged Qing and Xu provinces, styled himself General Who Campaigns East, and killed several prefect-level officials. Grand Tutor Yue appointed Ju Xian of Donglai, commandant of the imperial chariots, native administrator of Donglai to suppress Mi, but Mi struck first and killed him.
54
陳敏刑政無章，不爲英俊所附； 子弟凶暴，所在爲患； 顧榮、周□等憂之。 廬江内史華譚遺榮等書曰：「陳敏盜-{據}-呉、會，命危朝露。 諸君或剖符名郡，或列爲近臣，而更辱身-{姦}-人之朝，降節叛逆之黨，不亦羞乎！ 呉武烈父子皆以英傑之-{才}-，繼承大業。 今以陳敏凶狡，七弟頑冗，欲躡桓王之髙蹤，蹈大皇之絶軌，遠度諸賢，猶當未許也。 皇輿東返，俊彦盈朝，將舉六師以淸建業，諸賢何顏-{復}-見中州之士邪？」 榮等素有圖敏之心，及得書，甚慚，密遣使報-{征}-東大將軍劉准，使-{發}-兵臨江。 己爲内應，剪-{髮}-爲信。 准遣揚州刺史劉機等出-{歴}-陽討敏。
Chen Min governed without law or measure and won no loyalty from men of talent; his sons and brothers were brutal wherever they went; and Gu Rong, Zhou □, and their circle were deeply troubled. Hua Tan, interior minister of Lujiang, wrote to Gu Rong and the others: "Chen Min holds Wu and Kuai by force; his fate hangs by a thread. Some of you bear seals in renowned commanderies, others serve as the emperor's close attendants, yet you demean yourselves in a traitor's court and bow to rebels — have you no shame! Sun Jian and Sun Ce were men of heroic stature who built a great enterprise. Now Chen Min is vicious, his seven brothers are dull and useless, and they dream of matching Duke Huan of Qi and treading in the footsteps of Sun Quan the Great Sovereign — even at a distance, gentlemen like you should refuse such a pretense. The imperial carriage is returning east, the court is full of able men, and six armies will soon march to cleanse Jianye — how will you face the gentry of the central provinces again?" Rong and his allies had long plotted against Min. The letter shamed them into action; they secretly sent word to General Who Campaigns East Liu Zhun asking him to move troops to the river. They would act as his agents inside the city and sent cut locks of hair as proof of their pledge. Zhun dispatched Liu Ji, governor of Yangzhou, and others from Liyang to attack Min.
55
敏使其弟廣武將軍昶將兵數萬屯烏江，-{歴}-陽太守宏屯牛渚。 敏弟處知顧榮等有貳心，勸敏殺之，敏不從。
Min sent his brother Chang, general of Guangwu, with tens of thousands of men to hold Wujiang, while Hong, administrator of Liyang, camped at Niuzhu. Min's brother Chu saw that Gu Rong and the others were wavering and urged Min to kill them, but Min refused.
56
昶司馬錢廣，周□同郡人也，□密使廣殺昶，因宣言州下已殺敏，敢動者誅三族。 廣勒兵朱雀橋南； 敏遣甘卓討廣，堅甲精兵盡委之。 顧榮慮敏疑之，故往就敏。 敏曰：「卿當四出鎭衞，豈得就我邪！」 榮乃出，與周□共説甘卓曰：「若江東之事可濟，當共成之。 然卿觀茲事勢，當有濟理不？ 敏旣常-{才}-，政令反覆，計無所定，其子弟各已驕矜，其敗必矣。 而吾等安然受其官祿，事敗之日，使江西諸軍函首送洛，題曰『逆賊顧榮、甘卓之首』，此萬世之辱也！」 卓遂詐稱疾，迎女，斷橋，收船南岸，與□、榮及前-{松}-滋侯相丹楊紀瞻共攻敏。 敏自帥萬-{餘}-人討卓，軍人隔水語敏衆曰：「本所以戮力陳公者，正以顧丹楊、周安-{豐}-耳； 今皆異矣，汝等何爲！」 敏衆狐疑未決，榮以白羽扇麾之，衆皆潰去。 敏單騎北走，追獲之-{於}-江乘，歎曰：「諸人誤我，以至今日！」 謂弟處曰：「我負卿，卿不負我！」 遂斬敏-{於}-建業，夷三族。 -{於}-是會稽等郡盡殺敏諸弟。
Chang's marshal Qian Guang came from the same commandery as Zhou □. □ secretly ordered Guang to kill Chang, then announced that Min was already dead throughout the province and that anyone who moved would suffer the extermination of three generations. Guang drew up his troops south of the Zhuque Bridge; and Min sent Gan Zhuo against him with every suit of heavy armor and elite soldier he had. Gu Rong, afraid Min might suspect him, went in person to see Min. Min said, "You should be guarding the four quarters — what business have you sitting here beside me! Rong went out and, with Zhou □, went together to persuade Gan Zhuo: "If we can bring the lower Yangtze enterprise to success, we should finish it together. But look at how matters stand — is there really any chance this can succeed? Min has never been more than ordinarily capable; his orders change from day to day and his plans never hold; his sons and brothers are already insufferably proud — he is bound to fall. Meanwhile we sit here taking his pay in comfort; when he falls, the armies west of the Yangtze will ship our heads to Luoyang in boxes labeled "Heads of the rebels Gu Rong and Gan Zhuo." That would be an infamy that would never die! Zhuo feigned sickness, fetched his daughter, severed the bridge, and pulled all boats to the south bank; then he joined □, Rong, and Ji Zhan — once Marquis of Songsizi, now chancellor of Danyang — in an attack on Min. Min led more than ten thousand men against Zhuo in person. Soldiers on the far bank shouted to Min's troops: "We threw in our lot with Lord Chen only because of Gu Rong of Danyang and Zhou □ of Anfeng; and now they have switched sides — why are you still fighting?" Min's men hung back, uncertain; Rong merely waved a white feather fan, and they broke and ran. Min fled north alone; caught at Jiangcheng, he sighed: "These men have ruined me and brought me to this pass! He told his brother Chu, "I wronged you; you did not wrong me." Min was executed at Jianye and his clan was wiped out to the third degree. Kuaiji and the other commanderies then hunted down and killed every one of Min's brothers.
57
時平東將軍周馥代劉准鎭壽春。 三月，己未朔，馥傳敏首至京師。 詔-{征}-顧榮爲侍中，紀瞻爲尚書郎。 太傅越-{辟}-周□爲參軍，陸玩爲手彖。 玩，機之從弟也。 榮等至徐州，聞北方愈亂，疑不進，越與徐州刺史裴盾書曰：「若榮等顧望，以軍禮-{發}-遣！」 榮等懼，逃歸。 盾，楷之兄子，越妃兄也。
General Who Pacifies the East Zhou Fu had replaced Liu Zhun in command at Shouchun. In the third month, on jiwei, the new moon, Fu sent Min's head to the capital. The court summoned Gu Rong as Palace Attendant and appointed Ji Zhan Master of Writing. Grand Tutor Yue took Zhou □ onto his staff as a staff officer and appointed Lu Wan a staff recorder. Lu Wan was a younger cousin of the poet Lu Ji. Rong and his party reached Xuzhou, heard how much worse the north had become, and stalled. Yue wrote Pei Dun, governor of Xuzhou: "If Rong and the rest linger, drive them on under military law!" Terrified, Rong and the others slipped away and returned south. Dun was Pei Kai's nephew and the elder brother of Yue's wife.
58
西陽夷寇江夏，太守楊鈱請督將議之。 諸將爭獻方略，騎督朱伺獨不言。 鈱曰：「朱將軍何以不言？」 伺曰：「諸人以舌撃賊，伺惟以力耳。」 鈱又問：「將軍前-{後}-撃賊，何以常勝？」 伺曰：「兩敵共對，惟當忍之； 彼不能忍，我能忍，是以勝耳。」 鈱善之。
Xiyang tribesmen invaded Jiangxia; Administrator Yang Qian called his commanders in council. Every officer competed to propose plans; only Cavalry Commander Zhu Si said nothing. Qian asked, "General Zhu, why have you not spoken?" Si replied, "These men fight the enemy with talk; I fight with force alone." Qian pressed him: "You have beaten the enemy again and again — what is your secret?" Si said, "When two enemies stand opposed, the only thing to do is endure; they cannot bear it and I can — that is why I win." Qian was pleased with the answer.
59
詔追-{復}-楊太-{后}-尊號； 丁卯，改葬之，諡曰武悼。
An edict restored the posthumous honors of Empress Dowager Yang; on dingmao she was reinterred under the temple name Martial and Lamented.
60
庚午，立淸河王覃弟豫章王詮爲皇太子。 辛未，大赦。
On gengwu Prince Quan of Yuzhang, younger brother of Prince Qinghe Tan, was made heir apparent. On xinwei the throne proclaimed a general amnesty.
61
帝親覽大政，留心庶事； 太傅越不悅，固求出籓。 庚辰，越出鎭許昌。
The emperor began to handle major policy himself and took an interest in everyday administration; Grand Tutor Yue was displeased and repeatedly asked to leave the capital for a provincial post. On gengchen Yue withdrew to hold Xuchang.
62
以髙密王略爲-{征}-南大將軍，都督荊州諸軍事，鎭襄陽； 南陽王模爲-{征}-西大將軍，都督秦、雍、梁、益四州諸軍事，鎭長安； 東燕王騰爲新蔡王，都督司、冀二州諸軍事，仍鎭鄴。
Prince Lue of Gaomi was appointed General Who Campaigns South, commander of Jing province forces, with his seat at Xiangyang; Prince Mo of Nanyang became General Who Campaigns West, commanding Qin, Yong, Liang, and Yi, stationed at Chang'an; Prince Teng of Dongyan was demoted to Prince of Xincai, given command of Si and Ji, and kept his garrison at Ye.
63
公師籓旣死，汲桑逃還苑中，更聚衆劫掠郡縣，自稱大將軍，聲言爲成都王報仇； 以石勒爲前驅，所向輒克，署勒掃虜將軍，遂進攻鄴。 時鄴中府庫空竭，而新蔡武哀王騰資用甚饒。 騰性吝嗇，無所振惠，臨急，乃賜將士米各數升，帛各丈尺，以是人不爲用。 夏，五月，桑大破魏郡太守馮-{嵩}-，長驅入鄴，騰輕騎出奔，爲桑將李-{豐}-所殺。 桑出成都王穎棺，載之車中，毎事啓而-{後}-行。 遂燒鄴宮，火旬日不滅； 殺士民萬-{餘}-人，大掠而去。 濟自延津，南撃兗州。 太傅越大懼，使苟晞及將軍王贊等討之。
When Gongshi Fan fell, Ji Sang slipped back into the imperial park, rallied another band, and raided the countryside; calling himself Grand General, he said he was avenging Prince Ying of Chengdu; with Shi Le as his spearhead he swept all before him, made Le General Who Sweeps the Barbarians, and marched on Ye. Ye itself was stripped bare, but Prince Teng of Xincai — posthumously Martial and Lamented — sat on ample stores. Teng was miserly and gave nothing away until disaster struck; then he doled out a few pints of grain and a foot of cloth per man — so no one would stand for him. In the fifth month of summer Sang shattered Feng Song, administrator of Wei, stormed Ye, and Teng fled on horseback only to be cut down by Sang's officer Li Feng. Sang exhumed Prince Ying of Chengdu's coffin, carried it in a wagon, and would "consult" the prince before every move. He burned the Ye palaces; the blaze raged ten days without going out; slaughtered more than ten thousand civilians, and marched off with enormous booty. Shi Le crossed the Yellow River at Yanjin and swept south into Yanzhou. Grand Tutor Yue, terrified, dispatched Gou Xi, Wang Zan, and others against him.
64
秦州流民鄧定、訇氐等-{據}-成固，寇掠漢中，梁州刺史張殷遣巴西太守張燕討之。 鄧定等饑窘，詐降-{於}-燕，且賂之，燕爲之緩師。 定密遣訇氐求救-{於}-成，成主雄遣太尉離、司徒-{雲}-、司空璜將兵二萬救定。 與燕戰，大破之，張殷及漢中太守杜孟治棄城走。 積十-{餘}-日，離等引還，盡徙漢中民-{於}-蜀。 漢中人句方、白落帥吏民還守南鄭。
Displaced people from Qin — Deng Ding, the Hong Qiang, and others — seized Chenggu and ravaged Hanzhong; Zhang Yin, inspector of Liang, sent Zhang Yan, administrator of Baxi, to suppress them. Starving, Deng Ding's band feigned surrender to Yan and bought him off; Yan eased the siege. Ding secretly asked the Hong Qiang to call on Cheng; Cheng's ruler Xiong sent Li the Grand Marshal, Yun the Minister of Works, and Huang the Minister of Works with twenty thousand men to relieve him. They smashed Yan's force; Zhang Yin and Du Mengzhi, administrator of Hanzhong, abandoned their cities and ran. After a fortnight Li's army withdrew, deporting the entire population of Hanzhong into Shu. Ju Fang and Bai Luo in Hanzhong rallied the local gentry and returned to defend Nanzheng.
65
石勒與苟晞等相持-{於}-平原、陽平間，數月，大小三十-{餘}-戰，互有勝負。 秋，七月，己酉朔，太傅越屯官渡，爲晞聲援。
Shi Le and Gou Xi grappled for months between Pingyuan and Yangping — thirty-odd clashes in all, with fortunes shifting either way. In the seventh month of autumn, on jiyou, the new moon, Grand Tutor Yue camped at Guandu to back Xi.
66
己未，以琅邪王睿爲安東將軍，都督揚州江南諸軍事，假節，鎭建業。
On jiwei Prince Rui of Langye was named General Who Pacifies the East, given command of Jiangnan in Yang province, full credentials, and a seat at Jianye.
67
八月，己卯朔，苟晞撃汲桑-{於}-東武陽，大破之。 桑退保淸淵。
In the eighth month, on jimao, the new moon, Gou Xi struck Ji Sang at Dongwuyang and broke him. Sang withdrew to Qingyuan.
68
分荊州、江州八郡爲湘州。
Eight commanderies from Jing and Jiang were separated to form Xiang province.
69
九月，戊申，琅邪王睿至建業。 睿以安東司馬王導爲謀主，推心親信，毎事咨焉。 睿名論素輕，呉人不附，居久之，士大夫莫有至者，導患之。 會睿出觀禊，導使睿乘肩輿，具威儀，導與諸名勝皆騎從，紀瞻、顧榮等見之驚異，相帥拜-{於}-道左。 導因説睿曰：「顧榮、賀循，此土之望，宜引之以結人心。 二子旣至，則無不來矣。」 睿乃使導躬造循、榮，二人皆應命而至。 以循爲呉國内史； 榮爲軍司，加散騎常侍，凡軍府政事，皆與之謀議。 又以紀瞻爲軍祭酒，卞壺爲從事中郎，周□爲倉曹屬，琅邪劉超爲-{舍}-人，張闓及魯國孔衍爲參軍。 壺，粹之子； 闓，昭之曾孫也。 王導説睿：「謙以接士，儉以足用，用淸靜爲政，撫綏新舊。」 故江東歸心焉。 睿初至，頗以酒廢事； 導以爲言。 睿命酌，引觴覆之，-{於}-此遂絶。
In the ninth month, on wushen, Prince Rui of Langye arrived at Jianye. Rui made Wang Dao, his chief of staff for Eastern Pacification, his chief strategist — trusting him completely and consulting him on everything. Rui's name meant little in the south; the Wu gentry would not rally to him; months passed without a single eminent visitor, to Dao's dismay. At the spring purification festival Dao put Rui in a curtained palanquin with full escort while he and every local notable rode behind; Ji Zhan, Gu Rong, and the rest were astonished and bowed along the road. Dao told Rui: "Gu Rong and He Xun are the men this country respects — recruit them and you will win hearts. Once those two arrive, everyone else will follow." Rui sent Dao himself to call on Xun and Rong; both answered the summons. He appointed He Xun interior minister of Wu; Gu Rong became army secretary with the added rank of Regular Attendant; every matter of the commandery was settled with their counsel. Ji Zhan was made army libationer; Bian Hu, a staff officer; Zhou □, registrar; Liu Chao of Langye, palace attendant; Zhang Kai and Kong Yan of Lu, staff officers. Bian Hu was the son of Bian Cui. Zhang Kai was a great-grandson of Zhang Zhao. Wang Dao counseled him: "Meet men with humility, spend sparingly, rule with calm, and comfort both the old residents and the refugees." Jiangdong thereafter gave him its loyalty. Early on Rui neglected government for drink; Dao remonstrated with him. Rui called for wine, then upended his cup and never drank again.
70
苟晞追撃汲桑，破其八壘，死者萬-{餘}-人。 桑與石勒收-{餘}-衆，將奔漢，冀州刺史譙國丁紹邀之-{於}-赤橋，又破之。 桑奔馬牧，勒奔樂平。 太傅越還許昌，加苟晞撫軍將軍、都督靑、兗諸軍事，丁紹-{寧}-北將軍，監冀州諸軍事，皆假節。
Gou Xi chased Ji Sang, stormed eight camps, and left more than ten thousand dead. Sang and Shi Le regrouped and headed for the Han state; Ding Shao of Qiaoguo, inspector of Ji, ambushed them at Chiqiao and routed them again. Sang ran to Mumu; Le to Leping. Yue returned to Xuchang, promoted Gou Xi to General Who Pacifies the Army with command of Qing and Yan, and Ding Shao to General Who Tranquilizes the North overseeing Ji — each with full credentials.
71
晞屢破強寇，威名甚盛，善治繁劇，用法嚴峻。 其從母依之，晞奉養甚厚。 從母子求爲將，晞不許，曰：「吾不以王法貸人，將無-{後}-悔邪！」 固求之，晞乃以爲督護； -{後}-犯法，晞杖節斬之，從母叩頭救之，不-{聽}-。 旣而素服哭之曰：「殺卿者，兗州刺史； 哭弟者，苟道將也。」
Xi had crushed one fierce enemy after another; his fame was immense; he handled tangled affairs with ease and enforced the law ruthlessly. An aunt lived in his household and he maintained her lavishly. Her son asked for a command; Xi refused: "I do not trade away the law for favors — you will regret this!" When the youth insisted, Xi made him a camp protector; later the man broke the law; Xi executed him with his credential staff in hand; his aunt kowtowed and pleaded, but Xi would not hear her. Then he donned mourning white and wept: "The man who killed you was the inspector of Yanzhou; the man who weeps for his brother is Colonel Gou."
72
胡部大張㔨督、馮莫突等，擁衆數千，壁-{於}-上黨，石勒往從之，因説㔨督等曰：「劉單-{于}-舉兵撃晉，部大拒而不從，自度終能獨立乎？」 曰：「不能。」 勒曰：「然則安可不早有所屬！ 今部落皆已受單-{于}-賞募，往往聚議，欲叛部大而歸單-{于}-矣。」 㔨督等以爲然。 冬，十月，督等隨勒單騎歸漢，漢王淵署㔨督爲親漢王，莫突爲都督部大，以勒爲輔漢將軍、平晉王，以統之。
Zhang Bilidu, grand chieftain of the Hu, Feng Motu, and others held several thousand warriors at Shangdang; Shi Le attached himself to them and argued: "Chanyu Liu is marching against Jin, yet the Budu will not follow — do you imagine you can stand alone?" We cannot," they said. Le pressed on: "Then why not choose a master now! Every clan has taken the Chanyu's pay; men are already plotting to abandon the Budu and go over to Liu." Bilidu and the rest agreed. In the tenth month of winter Bilidu and his chiefs rode back to Han with Le; Liu Yuan made Bilidu Prince Close-to-Han, Motu commander of the Budu, and Le Auxiliary Han General and Prince Who Pacifies Jin, putting them all under his command.
73
烏桓張伏利度有衆二千，壁-{於}-樂平，淵屢招，不能致。 勒偽獲罪-{於}-淵，往奔伏利度； 伏利度喜，結爲兄弟，使勒帥諸胡寇掠，所向無前，諸胡畏服。 勒知衆心之附己，乃因會執伏利度，謂諸胡曰：「今起大事，我與伏利度誰堪爲主？」 諸胡-{咸}-推勒。 勒-{於}-是釋伏利度，帥其衆歸漢。 淵加勒督山東-{征}-諸軍事，以伏利度之衆配之。
The Wuhuan Zhang Folidu held two thousand men at Leping; Yuan courted him repeatedly without success. Le feigned disgrace at Yuan's court and fled to Folidu; Folidu welcomed him, they became sworn brothers, and Le led the Hu in raids none could stop; every tribe came to fear him. Seeing that the warriors favored him, Le seized Folidu at a feast and asked the chiefs: "If we rise in earnest, who should lead — he or I?" Every man present acclaimed Le. Thereupon Le freed Folidu and took his band back to the Han court. Liu Yuan made Le commander of military affairs east of the mountains and gave him Folidu's force.
74
十一月，戊申朔，日有食之。
In the eleventh month, at the new moon on wushen day, the sun was eclipsed.
75
甲寅，以尚書右-{僕}-射和郁爲-{征}-北將軍，鎭鄴。
On jiayin day He Yu, Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, became General Who Campaigns North and was stationed at Ye.
76
乙亥，以王衍爲司徒。 衍説太傅越曰：「朝廷危亂，當賴方伯，宜得文武兼資以任之。」 乃以弟澄爲荊州都督，族弟敦爲靑州刺史，語之曰：「荊州有江、漢之固，靑州有負海之險，卿二人在外而吾居中，足以爲三窟矣。」 澄至鎭，以郭舒爲別駕，委以府事。 澄日夜縱酒，不親庶務，雖寇戎交急，不以爲懷。 舒常切諫，以爲宜愛民養兵，保全州境，澄不從。
On yihai day Wang Yan was appointed Minister over the Masses. “Wang Yan told Yue the court was crumbling and must lean on great regional powers, and needed someone equally adept in civil and martial matters.” He installed his brother Cheng as Jingzhou governor and his cousin Dun as Qingzhou governor, saying: "Jing is shielded by the Yangzi and Han; Qing rests on the sea. You two abroad and I at court — that is three refuges, enough to survive anything." At his post Cheng made Guo Shu Registrar and delegated all headquarters business to him. Cheng drank round the clock and ignored routine affairs; even as enemies closed in he showed no concern. Guo Shu pleaded repeatedly that he must care for the people, keep the army ready, and hold the province — Cheng refused.
77
十二月，戊寅，乞活田甄、田蘭、薄盛等起兵，爲新蔡王騰報仇，斬汲桑-{於}-樂陵。 棄成都王穎棺-{於}-故井中，穎故臣收葬之。
In the twelfth month, on wuyin, Qihuo leaders Tian Zhen, Tian Lan, and Bo Sheng rose to avenge Prince Teng of Xincai and executed Ji Sang at Leling. Ying's coffin was thrown into an abandoned well; his former retainers retrieved it for proper burial.
78
甲午，以前太傅劉實爲太尉，實以老固辭，不許。 庚子，以光祿大夫髙光爲尚書令。
On jiawu day former Grand Tutor Liu Shi was appointed Grand Commandant; citing age he refused firmly and was overruled. On gengzi day Gao Guang, Court Gentleman for the Splendid, became Director of the Masters of Writing.
79
前北軍中候呂雍、度支校尉陳顏等，謀立淸河王覃爲太子； 事覺，太傅越矯詔囚覃-{於}-金墉城。 初，太傅越與苟晞親善，引升堂，結爲兄弟。 司馬潘滔説越曰：「兗州-{衝}-要，魏武以之創業。 苟晞有大-{志}-，非純臣也，久令處之，則患生心腹矣。 若遷-{於}-靑州，厚其名號，晞必悅。 公自牧兗州，經緯諸夏，籓衞本朝，此所謂爲之-{於}-未亂者也。」 越以爲然。 癸卯，越自爲丞相，領兗州牧，都督兗、豫、司、冀、幽、并諸軍事。 以晞爲-{征}-東大將軍、開府儀同三司，加侍中、假節、都督靑州諸軍事，領靑州刺史，封東平郡公。 越、晞由是有隙。
Lü Yong, former Colonel of the North Army, Chen Yan the commissary officer, and others conspired to make Prince Tan of Qinghe crown prince; The plot was exposed; Yue forged an edict and imprisoned Tan in the Jincheng fortress. Earlier Yue had been on intimate terms with Gou Xi — he received him in the hall and they became sworn brothers. Pan Tao, Yue's staff officer, said: "Yanzhou is the hinge of the realm — Cao Cao built his empire from it. Gou Xi is ambitious and no wholehearted loyalist; keep him there and trouble will strike at your heart. Transfer him to Qingzhou with a grand title and he will be satisfied. Take Yan yourself, govern the central provinces, and shield the throne — that is acting before chaos sets in." Yue agreed. On guimao Yue declared himself Chancellor, took Yan as his own fief, and commanded armies in Yan, Yu, Si, Ji, You, and Bing. Gou Xi became General Who Campaigns East with Three-Duke honors, Palace Attendant, full credentials, commander of Qing, governor of the province, and Duke of Dongping. From then on Yue and Gou Xi were at odds.
80
晞至靑州，以嚴刻立威，日行斬戮，州人謂之「屠伯」。 頓丘太守魏植爲流民所逼，衆五六萬，大掠兗州，晞出屯無鹽以討之。 以弟純領靑川，刑殺更甚-{於}-晞。 晞討植，破之。
At Qingzhou Xi ruled by terror, ordering executions every day; the people dubbed him "the Butcher Lord." Dunqiu prefect Wei Zhi was overrun by fifty or sixty thousand refugees who ravaged Yan; Xi encamped at Wuyan to attack them. His brother Chun held Qingchuan and killed even more freely than Xi. Xi defeated Zhi in battle.
81
初，陽平劉靈，少貧賤，力-{制}-奔牛，走及奔馬，時人雖異之，莫能舉也。 靈撫膺歎曰：「天乎，何當亂也！」 及公師籓起，靈自稱將軍，寇掠趙、魏。 會王彌爲苟純所敗，靈亦爲王贊所敗，遂倶遣使降漢。 漢拜彌鎭東大將軍、靑徐二州牧、都督縁海諸軍事，封東萊公； 以靈爲平北將軍。
Liu Ling of Yangping had been born poor; he could wrestle running oxen and outrun horses — people marveled, yet no one advanced him. He clutched his chest and cried: "O Heaven — when will the world finally break apart! When the princes and regional lords rose in arms, he called himself general and raided Zhao and Wei. Wang Mi fell to Gou Chun and Ling to Wang Zan; both sent envoys to surrender to Han. Han made Mi General Who Guards the East, governor of Qing and Xu, commander of coastal regions, and Duke of Donglai; Ling became General Who Pacifies the North.
82
李釗至-{寧}-州，州人奉釗領州事。 治中毛孟詣京師，求刺史，累上奏，不見省。 孟曰：「君亡親喪，幽閉窮城，萬-{里}-訴哀，精誠無感，生不如死！」 欲自刎，朝廷憐之，以魏興大守王遜爲-{寧}-州刺史，仍詔交州出兵救李釗。 交州刺史吾彦遣其子咨將兵救之。
Li Zhao reached Ningzhou and the locals put him in charge of the province. Registrar Mao Meng went to the capital seeking an appointed governor; his memorials piled up unanswered. Mao Meng cried: "Our lord is dead, kin in mourning, the city besieged — we pleaded across ten thousand li and no one heard us; living is worse than dying! He was about to kill himself; the court relented, made Wang Xun of Weixing governor of Ningzhou, and ordered Jiaozhou to march to Li Zhao's relief. Jiaozhou governor Wu Yan sent his son Zi with an army to relieve them.
83
慕容廆自稱鮮卑大單-{于}-。 拓跋祿官卒，弟猗盧總攝三部，與廆通好。
Murong Hui proclaimed himself Grand Chanyu of the Xianbei. Tuoba Luguan died; his brother Yilu took command of all three divisions and allied with Hui.
84
春，正月，丙午朔，日有食之。
In spring, first month, new moon on bingwu day — solar eclipse.
85
丁未，大赦。
On dingwei day a general amnesty was proclaimed.
86
漢王淵遣撫軍將軍聰等十將南-{據}-太行，輔漢將軍石勒等十將東下趙、魏。
Liu Yuan sent Cong the Pacifying Army General and nine others south to hold the Taihang, and Le the Auxiliary Han General with nine others east into Zhao and Wei.
87
二月，辛卯，太傅越殺淸河王覃。
In the second month, on xinmao, Yue executed Prince Tan of Qinghe.
88
庚子，石勒寇常山，王浚撃破之。
On gengzi Shi Le attacked Changshan; Wang Jun routed him.
89
涼州刺史張軌病風，口不能言，使其子茂攝州事。 隴西内史晉昌張越，涼州大族，欲逐軌而代之，與其兄酒泉太守鎭及西平太守曹祛，謀遣使詣長安告南陽王模，稱軌廢疾，請以秦州刺史賈龕代之。 龕將受之，其兄讓龕曰：「張涼州一時名士，威著西州，汝何德以代之！」 龕乃止。 鎭、祛上疎，更請刺史，未報； 遂移檄廢軌，以軍司杜耽攝州事，使耽表越爲刺史。
Zhang Gui, governor of Liang, suffered a stroke and could not speak; his son Mao ran the province. Zhang Yue of Jinchang, interior minister of Longxi and a powerful Liang clan, schemed to oust Gui; with his brother Zhen, warden of Jiuquan, and Cao Qu, warden of Xiping, he sent to Chang'an to tell Prince Mo of Nanyang that Gui was incapacitated and to name Qinzhou governor Jia Kan as replacement. Kan nearly accepted; his elder brother barred him: "Zhang of Liang is a man of standing whose authority fills the west — what merit have you to take his place! Kan relented. Zhen and Qu petitioned again for a new governor; no reply came; they issued a proclamation deposing Gui, put army aide Du Dan in charge, and had Dan nominate Yue as governor.
90
軌下教，欲避位，歸老宜陽。 長史王融、參軍孟暢蹋折鎭檄，排閣入言曰：「晉室多故，明公撫-{寧}-西夏，張鎭兄弟敢肆凶逆，當鳴鼓誅之。」 遂出，戒嚴。 會軌長子實自京師還，乃以實爲中督護，將兵討鎭。 遣鎭甥太府主簿令狐亞先往説鎭，爲陳利害，鎭流涕曰：「人誤我！」 乃詣實歸罪。 實南撃曹祛，走之。 朝廷得鎭、祛疎，以侍中袁瑜爲涼州刺史。 治中楊澹馳詣長安，割耳盤上，訴軌之被誣。 南陽王模表請停瑜，武威太守張琠亦上表留軌； 詔依模所表，且命誅曹祛。 軌-{於}-是命實帥歩騎三萬討祛，斬之。 張越奔鄴，涼州乃定。
Gui issued an edict offering to step down and retire to Yiyang. Chief clerk Wang Rong and aide Meng Chang stormed in, trampled Zhen's proclamation, and said: "Jin is in turmoil and you have held the west in peace — the Zhang brothers of Zhen have risen in treason; sound the drums and put them to death." They marched out and declared martial law. Gui's eldest son Shi had just returned from the capital; Gui made him central protector and sent him against Zhen. He sent Zhen's nephew Linghu Ya ahead to reason with him; Zhen wept: "I was led astray! He came to Shi to surrender and accept judgment. Shi marched south, routed Cao Qu, and drove him out. The court received Zhen and Qu's petitions and appointed Palace Attendant Yuan Yu governor of Liang. Registrar Yang Dan galloped to Chang'an, cut off his ear on a platter, and pleaded that Gui had been falsely accused. Prince Mo of Nanyang asked that Yuan Yu's appointment be canceled; Wuwei warden Zhang Tian also petitioned to keep Gui; the throne sided with Mo and ordered Cao Qu executed. Gui then sent Shi with thirty thousand infantry and cavalry against Qu and had him beheaded. Zhang Yue fled to Ye and Liangzhou was pacified.
91
三月，太傅越自許昌徙鎭鄄城。
In the third month Yue relocated his seat from Xuchang to Yancheng.
92
王彌收集亡散，兵-{復}-大振。 分遣諸將攻掠靑、徐、兗、豫四州，所過攻陷郡縣，多殺守令，有衆數萬； 苟晞與之連戰，不能克。 夏，四月，丁亥，彌入許昌。
Wang Mi regathered his scattered forces and his army swelled anew. He sent generals to ravage Qing, Xu, Yan, and Yu, storming counties, killing officials, until his host numbered tens of thousands; Gou Xi fought him repeatedly without success. In the fourth month of summer, on dinghai, Mi took Xuchang.
93
太傅越遣司馬王斌帥甲士五千人入衞京師，張軌亦遣督護北宮純將兵衞京師。 五月，彌入自轘轅，敗官軍-{於}-伊北，京師大震，宮城門晝閉。 壬戌，彌至洛陽，屯-{於}-津陽門。 詔以王衍都督-{征}-討諸軍事。 甲子，衍與王斌等出戰，北宮純募勇士百-{餘}-人突陳，彌兵大敗。 乙-{丑}-，彌燒建春門而東，衍遣左衞將軍王秉追之，戰-{於}-七-{里}-澗，又敗之。 彌走渡河，與王桑自軹關如平陽。 漢王淵遣侍中兼-{御}-史大夫郊迎，令曰：「孤親行將軍之館，拂席洗爵，敬待將軍。」 及至，拜司隸校尉，加侍中、特進，以桑爲散騎侍郎。
Yue sent Wang Bin with five thousand armored men to guard Luoyang; Zhang Gui sent Beigong Chun with troops as well. In the fifth month Mi came through Huanyuan, routed the imperial army north of the Yi, threw Luoyang into panic, and the palace gates were shut even in daylight. On renxu Mi reached Luoyang and camped at the Jinyang Gate. Wang Yan was ordered to command all punitive operations. On jiazi Yan and Wang Bin led the sortie; Beigong Chun gathered a hundred daredevils to break the line and shattered Mi's army. On yichou Mi burned the Jianchun Gate and fled east; Yan sent Wang Bing in pursuit and beat him again at Qili Ravine. Mi crossed the river and with Wang Sang went through Zhi Pass to Pingyang. Liu Yuan sent his chief minister to meet him outside the city with this message: "I shall come to your lodge in person, sweep the mat and rinse the cups, and await you with all honor." On arrival Mi was made director of the capital region, Palace Attendant, and Special Advance; Sang became Attendant Cavalier.
94
北宮純等與漢劉聰戰-{於}-河東，敗之。
Beigong Chun and his men fought Liu Cong in Hedong and routed him.
95
詔封張軌西平郡公，軌辭不受。 時州郡之使，莫有至者，軌獨遣使貢獻，歳時不絶。
Zhang Gui was offered the dukedom of Xiping and refused. While other provinces sent no envoys, Gui alone maintained tribute without interruption.
96
秋，七月，甲辰，漢王淵寇平陽，太守宋抽棄郡走，河東太守路述戰死； 淵徙都蒲子。 上郡鮮卑陸逐延、氐酋單-{征}--{並}-降-{於}-漢。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jiachen, Liu Yuan attacked Pingyang; prefect Song Chou fled; Hedong prefect Lu Shu died fighting; Yuan moved his capital to Puzi. Luzzuyan the Xianbei of Shang and the Di chieftain Zheng both submitted to Han.
97
八月，丁亥，太傅越自鄄城徙屯濮陽； 未-{幾}-，又徙屯滎陽。
In the eighth month, on dinghai, Yue moved from Yancheng to camp at Puyang; Shortly after he shifted camp again to Xingyang.
98
九月，漢王彌、石勒寇鄴，和郁棄城走。 詔豫州刺史裴憲屯白馬以拒彌，車騎將軍王堪屯東燕以拒勒，平北將軍曹武屯大陽以備蒲子。 憲，楷之子也。
In the ninth month Wang Mi and Shi Le attacked Ye; He Yu fled the city. Pei Xian of Yuzhou was posted at Baima against Mi, Cavalry General Wang Kan at Dongyan against Le, and Cao Wu the General Who Pacifies the North at Dayang facing Puzi. Pei Xian was Pei Kai's son.
99
冬，十月，甲戌，漢王淵卽皇帝位，大赦，改元永鳳。 十一月，以其子和爲大將軍，聰爲車騎大將軍，族子曜爲龍驤大將軍。
In the tenth month of winter, on jiaxu, Liu Yuan took the imperial title, granted amnesty, and proclaimed the era Yongfeng. In the eleventh month he made his son He Grand General, Cong Cavalry General, and clansman Yao Dragon-Soaring General.
100
壬寅，并州刺史劉琨使上黨太守劉惇帥鮮卑攻壺關，漢鎭東將軍綦毋達戰敗亡歸。
On renyin Liu Kun of Bingzhou sent Liu Dun of Shangdang with Xianbei against Huguan; Qimu Da the Han general was beaten and fled.
101
丙午，漢都督中外諸軍事、大司馬、領丞相右賢王宣卒。
On bingwu the Han Right Worthy King Xuan — commander of all armies, Grand Marshal, and concurrent chancellor — died.
102
石勒、劉靈帥衆三萬寇魏郡、汲郡、頓丘，百姓望風降附者五十-{餘}-壘； 皆假壘主將軍、都尉印綬，簡其強壯五萬爲軍士，老弱安堵如故。 己酉，勒執魏郡太守王粹-{於}-三-{台}-，殺之。
Shi Le and Liu Ling led thirty thousand against Wei, Ji, and Dunqiu; more than fifty fortified camps surrendered at their approach; each chief was given general or commandant rank; fifty thousand sturdy men were enlisted while the old and weak were left undisturbed. On jiyou Le seized Wei prefect Wang Cui at Santai and executed him.
103
十二月，辛未朔，大赦。
In the twelfth month, new moon on xinwei — general amnesty.
104
乙亥，漢主淵以大將軍和爲大司馬，封梁王； 尚書令歡樂爲大司徒，封陳留王； -{後}-父-{御}-史大夫呼延翼爲大司空，封鴈門郡公； 宗室以親疎悉封郡縣王，異姓以功伐悉封郡縣公侯。
On yihai Liu Yuan made Grand General He Grand Marshal and Prince of Liang; Huan Le, Minister over the Masses, was made Grand Minister of Education and enfeoffed as Prince of Chenliu; the empress's father, Grand Master of Documents Huyan Yi, was made Grand Minister of Works and enfeoffed as Duke of Yanmen commandery; The imperial clan were all enfeoffed as princes of commanderies and counties according to the closeness of their kinship; men of other surnames were all enfeoffed as dukes and marquises of commanderies and counties according to their achievements in war.
105
成尚書令楊褒卒。 褒好直言，成主雄初得蜀，用度不足，諸將有以獻金銀得官者，褒諫曰：「陛下設官爵，當網羅天下英豪，何有以官買金邪！」 雄謝之。 雄嘗醉，推中書令杖太官令，褒進曰：「天子穆穆，諸侯皇皇。 安有天子而爲酗也！」 雄慚而止。
Yang Bao, Minister over the Masses of Cheng, died. Bao loved to speak plainly. When Cheng's ruler Xiong first took Shu, funds ran short; some generals won office by presenting gold and silver. Bao remonstrated, "Your Majesty sets up offices and ranks to gather the realm's heroes—how can offices be bought with gold!" Xiong apologized to him. Once when Xiong was drunk, he pushed the Director of the Secretariat to beat the Director of Imperial Cuisine with a staff. Bao stepped forward and said, "The Son of Heaven should be solemn; the feudal lords should be august. How can a Son of Heaven behave like a drunkard!" Ashamed, Xiong stopped.
106
成平寇將軍李鳳屯晉壽，屢寇漢中，漢中民東走荊沔。 詔以張光爲梁州刺史。 荊州寇盜不禁，詔起劉璠爲順陽刺史，江、漢間翕然歸之。
Li Feng, Cheng's General Who Pacifies Bandits, was encamped at Jinshou and repeatedly raided Hanzhong; the people of Hanzhong fled east toward Jing and Mian. An edict appointed Zhang Guang inspector of Liang province. Banditry in Jing province could not be checked; an edict recalled Liu Fan as inspector of Shunyang, and the lands between the Jiang and Han turned to him as one.