1
資治通鑑第087卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 87
2
【晉紀九】起屠維大荒落，盡重光協洽，凡三年。
[Records of Jin, Number Nine] Spanning from the cyclical year Tuyi Dahuangluo through Chongguang Xieqia—three years in all.
3
孝懷皇帝中永嘉三年（ 己巳，公元三零九年）
Emperor Huai of Jin, Middle Part—Yongjia, Year Three ( jisi, 309 CE)
4
春，正月，辛丑朔，熒惑犯紫微。 漢太史令宣於修之，言於漢主淵曰：「不出三年，必克洛陽。 蒲子崎嶇，難以久安； 平陽氣象方昌，請徙都之。」 淵從之。 大赦，改元河瑞。
In spring, in the first month, on the new moon of xinchou, Mars encroached upon the Purple Palace constellation. Xuanyu Xiuzhi, Grand Astrologer of Han, said to Liu Yuan, ruler of Han: "Within three years Luoyang will surely fall. Puzi is rugged and forbidding, unsuited to a lasting capital; Pingyang's fortunes are on the rise—I urge that the capital be moved there." Liu Yuan agreed. A general amnesty was declared, and the era name was changed to Herui.
5
三月，戊申，高密孝王略薨。 以尚書左僕射山簡為征南將軍、都督荊、湘、交、廣四州諸軍事，鎮襄陽。 簡，濤之子也，嗜酒，不恤政事； 表「順陽內史劉璠得眾心，恐百姓劫璠為主」。 詔征璠為越騎校尉。 南州由是遂亂，父老莫不追思劉弘。
In the third month, on wushen, Sima Lue, Prince Xiao of Gaomi, died. Shan Jian, Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, was made General Who Conquers the South, given overall command of military affairs in Jing, Xiang, Jiao, and Guang, and posted at Xiangyang. Shan Jian was Shan Tao's son—a man who loved his wine and cared nothing for the business of government; he submitted a memorial warning that "Liu Fan, Administrator of Shunyang, has won the people's loyalty, and I fear the populace may force him to become their leader." An edict recalled Liu Fan to the capital as Commandant of the Swift Cavalry. The southern provinces thereupon fell into chaos, and everywhere the elders looked back with longing upon Liu Hong.
6
丁巳，太傅越自滎陽入京師。 中書監王敦謂所親曰：「太傅專執威權，而選用表請，尚書猶以舊制裁之，今日之來，必有所誅。」 帝之為太弟也，與中庶子繆播親善，及即位，以播為中書監，繆胤為太僕卿，委以心膂； 帝舅散騎常侍王延、尚書何綏、太史令高堂沖，並參機密。 越疑朝臣貳於己，劉輿、潘滔勸越悉誅播等。 越乃誣播等欲為亂，乙丑，遣平東將軍王秉，帥甲士三千入宮，執播等十餘人於帝側，付廷尉，殺之。 帝歎息流涕而已。 綏，曾之孫也。 初，何曾侍武帝宴，退，謂諸子曰：「主上開創大業，吾每宴見，未嘗聞經國遠圖，惟說平生常事，非貽厥孫謀之道也，及身而已，後嗣其殆乎！ 汝輩猶可以免。」 指諸孫曰：「此屬必及於難。」 及綏死，兄嵩哭之曰：「我祖其殆聖乎！」 曾日食萬錢，猶雲無下箸處。 子劭，日食二萬。 綏及弟機、羨，汰侈尤甚； 與人書疏，詞禮簡傲。 河內王尼見綏書，謂人曰：「伯蔚居亂世而矜豪乃爾，其能免乎？」 人曰：「伯蔚聞卿言，必相危害。」 尼曰：「伯蔚比聞我言，自己死矣！」 及永嘉之末，何氏無遺種。
On dingsi, Grand Tutor Sima Yue entered the capital from Xingyang. Wang Dun, Supervisor of the Masters of Writing, told his intimates: "The Grand Tutor holds all real power, yet when he submits nominations and requests, the Masters of Writing still check him under the old rules. His arrival today will surely mean bloodshed." While still Heir Exalted, the emperor had been close to Mi Bo, Attendant of the Heir Exalted; once enthroned, he made Mi Bo Supervisor of the Masters of Writing and Mi Yin Minister of the Household for the Imperial Stud, trusting them as his innermost advisers; the emperor's uncle by marriage Wang Yan, Regular Attendant of the Rapid Cavalry, He Sui of the Masters of Writing, and Grand Astrologer Gaotang Chong were all privy to state secrets. Sima Yue suspected the court officials of being disloyal to him; Liu Yu and Pan Tao urged him to put Mi Bo and his circle to death. Sima Yue then framed Mi Bo and the others for plotting rebellion; on yichou he sent General Who Pacifies the East Wang Bing at the head of three thousand armored troops into the palace, seized more than a dozen men including Mi Bo at the emperor's side, turned them over to the Minister of Justice, and had them executed. The emperor could only sigh and weep. He Sui was the grandson of He Zeng. Earlier, after attending Emperor Wu at a banquet, He Zeng told his sons on returning home: "Our lord has founded a great enterprise, yet whenever I dine with him I never hear a far-reaching plan for governing the realm—only stories from his own life. That is no way to leave counsel for one's descendants; it reaches no further than his own person. His heirs are likely doomed! You may yet escape harm." Pointing to his grandsons, he said: "These will surely come to grief." When He Sui died, his elder brother He Song mourned him, saying: "Our grandfather was nearly a sage!" He Zeng spent ten thousand cash a day on food, yet still complained that nothing on the table was worth picking up his chopsticks for. His son He Shao spent twenty thousand a day. He Sui and his brothers Ji and Xian were even more ruinously extravagant; in their letters to others their tone was curt and haughty. Wang Ni of Henei, reading He Sui's letter, said to someone: "Boyu flaunts his arrogance in such troubled times—can he possibly escape disaster?" The man replied: "If Boyu hears you, he will surely retaliate against you." Wang Ni said: "By the time Boyu hears my words, he will already be dead!" By the end of the Yongjia era, not one member of the He clan remained.
7
臣光曰：何曾譏武帝偷惰，取過目前，不為遠慮； 知天下將亂，子孫必與其憂，何其明也！ 然身為僭侈，使子孫承流，卒以驕奢亡族，其明安在哉！ 且身為宰相，知其君之過，不以告而私語於家，非忠臣也。
Sima Guang comments: He Zeng mocked Emperor Wu for indolence—content to scrape through the present without looking ahead; knowing the realm would fall into chaos and that his descendants would share in its suffering—how perceptive he was! Yet he himself lived in extravagant excess and let his descendants drift in the same current, until at last the whole clan perished through pride and luxury—where then was his wisdom! Moreover, as chief minister he knew his ruler's faults yet never reported them, confining his criticism to private talk at home—this was no loyal subject.
8
太傅越以王敦為揚州刺史。
Grand Tutor Sima Yue appointed Wang Dun Inspector of Yang Province.
9
劉實連年請老，朝廷不許。 尚書左丞劉坦上言：「古之養老，以不事為憂，不以吏之為重，謂宜聽實所守。」 丁卯，詔實以侯就第。 以王衍為太尉。
Year after year Liu Shi asked to retire on account of age, but the court refused. Liu Tan, Left Assistant Director of the Masters of Writing, submitted a memorial: "In antiquity, honoring the aged meant freeing them from burdens of office, not weighing them down with posts; Liu Shi should be allowed to retire to his fief." On dingmao, an edict permitted Liu Shi to retire to his estate as a marquis. Wang Yan was appointed Grand Commandant.
10
太傅越解兗州牧，領司徒。 越以頃來興事，多由殿省，乃奏宿衛有侯爵者皆罷之。 時殿中武官並封侯，由是出者略盡，皆泣涕而去。 更使右衛將軍何倫、左衛將軍王秉領東海國兵數百人宿衛。
Grand Tutor Sima Yue gave up the governorship of Yan Province and took up the post of Minister over the Masses. Because recent undertakings had often been blocked by the palace guard offices, Sima Yue memorialized that all guardsmen holding marquisates should be dismissed. At the time all martial officers of the palace guard held marquisates; nearly all who were dismissed left in tears. He then replaced them with Right Guard General He Lun and Left Guard General Wang Bing, who led several hundred troops from Donghai commandery as the new palace guard.
11
左積弩將軍朱誕奔漢，具陳洛陽孤弱，勸漢主淵攻之。 淵以誕為前鋒都督，以滅晉大將軍劉景為大都督，將兵攻黎陽，克之； 又敗王堪於延津，沈男女三萬餘人於河。 淵聞之，怒曰：「景何面復見朕？ 且天道豈能容之？ 吾所欲除者，司馬氏耳，細民何罪？」 黜景為平虜將軍。
Left Crossbow General Zhu Dan defected to Han, describing in detail how isolated and weak Luoyang was, and urged Liu Yuan to attack it. Liu Yuan made Zhu Dan Vanguard Commander-in-Chief and General Who Destroys Jin Liu Jing Grand Commander-in-Chief; they led troops against Liyang and captured it; and again defeated Wang Kan at Yanjin, drowning more than thirty thousand men and women in the Yellow River. When Liu Yuan heard of this, he said in fury: "How dare Jing show his face before me again? And how could Heaven tolerate such a deed? Those I mean to destroy are the Sima clan—what crime have the common people committed?" Liu Jing was demoted to General Who Pacifies the Barbarians.
12
夏，大旱，江、漢、河、洛皆竭，可涉。
In summer a great drought struck; the Yangtze, Han, Yellow, and Luo rivers all ran dry, so that one could wade across them.
13
漢安東大將軍石勒寇巨鹿、常山，眾至十餘萬，集衣冠人物，別為君子營。 以趙郡張賓為謀主，刁膺為股肱，夔安、孔萇、支雄、桃豹、逯明為爪牙，并州諸胡羯多從之。
Shi Le, Han General Who Pacifies the East, raided Julu and Changshan; his forces swelled to more than one hundred thousand; he gathered men of official rank and set them apart in a separate Gentlemen's Camp. He made Zhang Bin of Zhao commandery his chief strategist, Diao Ying his right-hand man, and Kuai An, Kong Chang, Zhi Xiong, Tao Bao, and Lu Ming his lieutenants; many of the Hu and Jie peoples of Bing Province rallied to him.
14
初，張賓好讀書，闊達有大志，常自比張子房。 及石勒徇山東，賓謂所親曰：「吾歷觀諸將，無如此胡將軍者，可與共成大業！」 乃提劍詣軍門，大呼請見，勒亦未之奇也。 賓數以策干勒，已而皆如所言。 勒由是奇之，署為軍功曹，動靜咨之。
Earlier, Zhang Bin was a devoted reader—broad-minded and ambitious—and often compared himself to Zhang Liang. When Shi Le swept through the lands east of the mountains, Zhang Bin told his intimates: "I have looked over all the generals, and none compares with this barbarian commander—I can build a great enterprise with him!" He then took up his sword, went to the army gate, and shouted to request an audience; at first Shi Le saw nothing remarkable in him. Zhang Bin repeatedly offered strategies to Shi Le, and in time every one proved exactly as he had predicted. Shi Le thereupon came to marvel at him, appointed him Army Merit Officer, and consulted him on every decision.
15
漢主淵以王彌為侍中、都督青、徐、兗、豫、荊、揚六州諸軍事、征東大將軍、青州牧，與楚王聰共攻壺關，以石勒為前鋒都督。 劉琨遣護軍黃肅、韓述救之，聰敗述於西澗，勒敗肅於封田，皆殺之。 太傅越遣淮南內史王曠、將軍施融、曹超將兵拒聰等。 曠濟河，欲長驅而前，融曰：「彼乘險間出，我雖有數萬之眾，猶是一軍獨受敵也。 且當阻水為固以量形勢，然後圖之。」 曠怒曰：「君欲沮眾邪！」 融退，曰：「彼善用兵，曠暗於事勢，吾屬今必死矣！」 曠等逾太行與聰遇，戰於長平之間，曠兵大敗，融、超皆死。
Liu Yuan appointed Wang Mi Palace Attendant, gave him overall command of military affairs in Qing, Xu, Yan, Yu, Jing, and Yang, made him General Who Conquers the East and Governor of Qing Province, and together with Prince of Chu Liu Cong attacked Huguan Pass, with Shi Le as Vanguard Commander-in-Chief. Liu Kun sent Protector of the Army Huang Su and Han Shu to the rescue; Liu Cong defeated Han Shu at Xijian, and Shi Le defeated Huang Su at Fengtian; both were killed. Grand Tutor Sima Yue sent Wang Kuang, Administrator of Huainan, and the generals Shi Rong and Cao Chao with troops to resist Liu Cong and his forces. Wang Kuang crossed the river and wanted to press straight ahead; Shi Rong said: "They are using the terrain to strike from an unexpected angle; though we have tens of thousands of men, we would still be one army facing the enemy alone. We should first hold the river as a firm line, assess the situation, and only then decide our next move." Wang Kuang snapped: "Are you trying to discourage the troops!" Shi Rong withdrew and said: "They know how to fight; Wang Kuang is blind to the situation—we are surely doomed!" Wang Kuang and his men crossed the Taihang range and met Liu Cong; they fought in the region of Changping; Wang Kuang's army was routed, and Shi Rong and Cao Chao were both killed.
16
聰遂破屯留、長子，凡斬獲萬九千級。 上黨太守龐淳以壺關降漢。 劉琨以都尉張倚領上黨太守，據襄垣。
Liu Cong thereupon captured Tunliu and Changzi; in all nineteen thousand heads and captives were taken. Pang Chun, Administrator of Shangdang, surrendered Huguan Pass to Han. Liu Kun had Commandant Zhang Yi serve as Administrator of Shangdang and hold Xiangyuan.
17
初，匈奴劉猛死，右賢王去卑子之誥升爰代領其眾。 誥升爰卒，子虎立，居新興，號鐵弗氏，與白部鮮卑皆附於漢。 劉琨自將擊虎，劉聰遣兵襲晉陽，不克。
Earlier, when the Xiongnu leader Liu Meng died, Gaoshengyuan, son of the Right Worthy King Qubie, took command of his forces. When Gaoshengyuan died, his son Hu established himself at Xinxing under the clan name Tiefu; he and the White Division Xianbei all submitted to Han. Liu Kun personally led troops against Hu; Liu Cong sent troops to raid Jinyang but failed to capture it.
18
五月，漢主淵封子裕為齊王，隆為魯王。
In the fifth month, Liu Yuan enfeoffed his son Liu Yu as Prince of Qi and Liu Long as Prince of Lu.
19
秋，八月，漢主淵命楚王聰等進攻洛陽； 詔平北將軍曹武等拒之，皆為聰所敗。 聰長驅至宜陽，自恃驟勝，怠不設備。 九月，弘農太守垣延詐降，夜襲聰軍，聰大敗而還。
In autumn, in the eighth month, Liu Yuan ordered Prince of Chu Liu Cong and the others to advance against Luoyang; an edict ordered General Who Pacifies the North Cao Wu and the others to resist them; Liu Cong defeated them all. Liu Cong pressed on to Yiyang; emboldened by his swift victories, he grew careless and made no defensive preparations. In the ninth month, Yuan Yan, Administrator of Hongnong, feigned surrender and launched a night attack on Liu Cong's army; Liu Cong suffered a crushing defeat and withdrew.
20
王浚遣祁弘與鮮卑段務勿塵擊石勒於飛龍山，大破之，勒退屯黎陽。
Wang Jun sent Qi Hong together with the Xianbei chief Duan Wuyuan to attack Shi Le at Feilong Mountain; they routed him, and Shi Le withdrew to encamp at Liyang.
21
冬，十月，漢主淵復遣楚王聰、王彌、始安王曜、汝陰王景帥精騎五萬寇洛陽，大司空雁門剛穆公呼延翼帥步卒繼之。 丙辰，聰等至宜陽。 朝廷以漢兵新敗，不意其復至，大懼。 辛酉，聰屯西明門。 北宮純等夜帥勇士千餘人出攻漢壁，斬其征虜將軍呼延顥。 壬戌，聰南屯洛水。 乙丑，呼延翼為其下所殺，其眾自大陽潰歸。 淵敕聰等還師。 聰表稱晉兵微弱，不可以翼、顥死故還師，固請留攻洛陽，淵許之。 太傅越嬰城自守。 戊寅，聰親祈嵩山，留平晉將軍安陽哀王厲、冠軍將軍呼延朗督攝留軍； 太傅參軍孫詢說越乘虛出擊朗，斬之，厲赴水死。 王彌謂聰曰：「今軍既失利，洛陽守備猶固，運車在陝，糧食不支數日。 殿下不如與龍驤還平陽，裹糧發卒，更為後舉； 下官亦收兵谷，待命於兗、豫，不亦可乎？」 聰自以請留，未敢還。 宣於修之言於淵曰：「歲在辛未，乃得洛陽。 今晉氣猶盛，大軍不歸，必敗。」 淵乃召聰等還。
In winter, in the tenth month, Liu Yuan again sent Prince of Chu Liu Cong, Wang Mi, Prince of Shi'an Liu Yao, and Prince of Ruyin Liu Jing at the head of fifty thousand elite cavalry to raid Luoyang; Grand Minister of Works Huyan of Yanmen, Duke Gangmu, followed with infantry. On bingchen, Liu Cong and the others reached Yiyang. The court, having just seen Han forces defeated, did not expect them to return so soon and was gripped with fear. On xinyou, Liu Cong encamped at the Ximing Gate. Bei Gongchun and others led more than a thousand warriors out by night to attack the Han camp and killed General Who Captures the Enemy Hu Yanhao. On renxu, Liu Cong encamped south of the Luo River. On yichou, Huyan was killed by his own men, and his troops broke and fled from Dayang. Liu Yuan ordered Liu Cong and the others to withdraw. Liu Cong submitted a memorial arguing that Jin forces were weak and that the army should not withdraw merely because Huyan and Hu Yanhao had died; he pressed to remain and attack Luoyang, and Liu Yuan agreed. Grand Tutor Sima Yue shut himself inside the city and held it in defense. On wuyin, Liu Cong personally performed sacrifices on Mount Song; he left General Who Pacifies Jin Liu Li, Prince Ai of Anyang, and Champion General Hu Yanlang in command of the remaining forces; Sun Xun, a staff officer of the Grand Tutor, urged Sima Yue to seize the moment and strike Hu Yanlang; Yanlang was beheaded, and Liu Li drowned himself in the river. Wang Mi told Liu Cong: "Our army has already suffered setbacks, Luoyang's defenses remain strong, our supply wagons are at Shan, and our grain will not last more than a few days. Your Highness would do better to return to Pingyang with the Dragon Rapid Army, gather grain, raise fresh troops, and mount a new campaign later; I will gather troops and grain as well and await your orders in Yan and Yu—would that not serve just as well?" Liu Cong, having himself pressed to remain, did not dare withdraw. Xuanyu Xiuzhi told Liu Yuan: "Only in the year xinwei will Luoyang be taken. Jin's fortunes are still strong; if the main army does not withdraw, it will surely be defeated." Liu Yuan then recalled Liu Cong and the others.
22
天水人訇琦等殺成太尉李離、尚書令閻式，以梓潼降羅尚。 成主雄遣太傅驤、司徒雲、司空璜攻之，不克，雲、璜戰死。
Hong Qi of Tianshui and others killed Li Li, Grand Commandant of Cheng, and Yan Shi, Director of the Masters of Writing, and surrendered Zitong to Luo Shang. Li Xiong, ruler of Cheng, sent Grand Tutor Li Xiang, Minister over the Masses Li Yun, and Minister of Works Li Huang to attack them but failed; Li Yun and Li Huang were killed in battle.
23
初，譙周有子居巴西，成巴西太守馬脫殺之，其子登詣劉弘請兵以復仇。 弘表登為梓潼內史，使自募巴、蜀流民，得二千人； 西上，至巴郡，從羅尚求益兵，不得。 登進攻宕渠，斬馬脫，食其肝。 會梓潼降，登進據涪城； 雄自攻之，為登所敗。
Earlier, Qiao Zhou had a son living in Baxi; Ma Tuo, Cheng's Administrator of Baxi, killed him; the son Deng went to Liu Hong to request troops for revenge. Liu Hong memorialized to appoint Deng Administrator of Zitong and had him recruit displaced people from Ba and Shu on his own, raising two thousand men; he marched west to Ba commandery and asked Luo Shang for reinforcements but received none. Deng advanced against Dangqu, beheaded Ma Tuo, and ate his liver. When Zitong surrendered, Deng advanced and occupied Fucheng; Li Xiong personally attacked him but was defeated by Deng.
24
十一月，甲申，漢楚王聰、始安王曜歸於平陽。 王彌南出轘轅，流民之在穎川、襄城、汝南、南陽、河南者數萬家，素為居民所苦，皆燒城邑，殺二千石、長吏以應彌。 石勒寇信都，殺冀州刺史王斌。 王浚自領冀州。 詔車騎將軍王堪、北中郎將裴憲將兵討勒，勒引兵還，拒之； 魏郡太守劉矩以郡降勒。 勒至黎陽，裴憲棄軍奔淮南，王堪退保倉垣。
In the eleventh month, on jiashen, Liu Cong, Prince of Chu of Han, and Liu Yao, Prince of Shi'an, returned to Pingyang. Wang Mi marched south through Huanyuan; tens of thousands of refugee households in Yingchuan, Xiangcheng, Runan, Nanyang, and Henan, long oppressed by the local populace, burned cities and towns and killed grand administrators and chief officials to rally to Wang Mi. Shi Le raided Xindu and killed Wang Bin, Inspector of Ji Province. Wang Jun personally assumed command of Ji Province. An edict ordered Wang Kan, General of Chariots and Cavalry, and Pei Xian, General of the North Central Guard, to lead troops against Shi Le; Shi Le withdrew and resisted them; Liu Ju, Administrator of Wei commandery, surrendered the commandery to Shi Le. When Shi Le reached Liyang, Pei Xian abandoned his army and fled to Huainan; Wang Kan withdrew to hold Cangyuan.
25
十二月，漢主淵以陳留王歡樂為太傅，楚王聰為大司徒，江都王延年為大司空。 遣都護大將軍曲陽王賢與征北大將軍劉靈、安北將軍趙固、平北將軍王桑，東屯內黃。 王彌表左長史曹嶷行安東將軍，東徇青州，且迎其家； 淵許之。
In the twelfth month, Liu Yuan appointed Liu Huanle, Prince of Chenliu, Grand Tutor; Liu Cong, Prince of Chu, Grand Minister over the Masses; and Liu Yannian, Prince of Jiangdu, Grand Minister of Works. He sent Grand General Who Protects All Liu Xian, Prince of Quyang, together with General Who Conquers the North Liu Ling, General Who Pacifies the North Zhao Gu, and General Who Pacifies the North Wang Sang to encamp east at Neihuang. Wang Mi memorialized that his Left Chief Clerk Cao Ni should serve as acting General Who Pacifies the East, sweep east through Qing Province, and also bring his family; Liu Yuan agreed.
26
初，東夷校尉勃海李臻，與王浚約共輔晉室，浚內有異志，臻恨之。 和演之死也，別駕昌黎王誕亡歸李臻，說臻舉兵討浚。 臻遣其子成將兵擊浚。 遼東太守龐本，素與臻有隙，乘虛襲殺臻，遣人殺成於無慮。 誕亡歸慕容廆。 詔以勃海封釋代臻為東夷校尉，龐本復謀殺之； 釋子悛勸釋伏兵請本，收斬之，悉誅其家。
Earlier, Li Zhen of Bohai, Colonel of the Eastern Yi, had agreed with Wang Jun to support the Jin house together; Wang Jun harbored disloyal ambitions of his own, and Li Zhen resented him. When He Yan died, Wang Dan of Changli, Assistant Administrator, fled to Li Zhen and urged him to raise troops against Wang Jun. Li Zhen sent his son Li Cheng with troops to attack Wang Jun. Pang Ben, Administrator of Liaodong, had long been at odds with Li Zhen; seizing the opportunity he launched a surprise attack and killed Li Zhen, and sent men to kill Li Cheng at Wulu. Wang Dan fled and submitted to Murong Hui. An edict appointed Feng Shi of Bohai to replace Li Zhen as Colonel of the Eastern Yi; Pang Ben again plotted to kill him; Feng Shi's son Feng Jun urged Feng Shi to set an ambush, invite Pang Ben in, seize and behead him, and execute his entire family.
27
孝懷皇帝中永嘉四年（ 庚午，公元三一零年）
Emperor Huai of Jin, Middle Part—Yongjia, Year Four ( gengwu, 310 CE)
28
春，正月，乙丑朔，大赦。
In spring, in the first month, on the new moon of yichou, a general amnesty was declared.
29
漢主淵立單征女為皇后，梁王和為皇太子，大赦； 封子義為北海王； 以長樂王洋為大司馬。
Liu Yuan installed the daughter of Shan Zheng as empress, made Liu He, Prince of Liang, crown prince, and declared a general amnesty; he enfeoffed his son Liu Yi as Prince of Beihai; and appointed Liu Yang, Prince of Changle, Grand Marshal.
30
漢鎮東大將軍石勒濟河，拔白馬，王彌以三萬眾會之，共寇徐、豫、兗州。 二月，勒襲鄄城，殺兗州刺史袁孚，遂拔倉垣，殺王堪。 復北濟河，攻冀州諸郡，民從之者九萬餘口。
Shi Le, Han General Who Pacifies the East, crossed the river, captured Baima, and Wang Mi joined him with thirty thousand men; together they raided Xu, Yu, and Yan provinces. In the second month, Shi Le raided Juancheng, killed Yuan Fu, Inspector of Yan Province, then captured Cangyuan and killed Wang Kan. He crossed the river north again and attacked the commanderies of Ji Province; more than ninety thousand people followed him.
31
成太尉李國鎮巴西，帳下文石殺國，以巴西降羅尚。
Li Guo, Cheng Grand Commandant, was stationed in Baxi; Wen Shi, a clerk on his staff, killed Li Guo and surrendered Baxi to Luo Shang.
32
太傅越征建威將軍吳興錢璯及揚州刺史王敦。 璯謀殺敦以反，敦奔建業，告琅邪王睿。 璯遂反，進寇陽羨，睿遣將軍郭逸等討之； 周□糾合鄉里，與逸等共討璯，斬之。 □三定江南，睿以□為吳興太守，於其鄉里置義興郡以旌之。
Grand Tutor Sima Yue summoned Qian Kai of Wuxing, Jianwei General, and Wang Dun, Inspector of Yang Province. Qian Kai plotted to kill Wang Dun and rebel; Wang Dun fled to Jianye and reported the matter to Sima Rui, Prince of Langya. Qian Kai then rebelled and advanced to raid Yangxian; Sima Rui sent General Guo Yi and others to suppress him; Zhou Ji rallied his fellow townspeople and joined Guo Yi and the others in attacking Qian Kai, killing him. This was Ji's third pacification of Jiangnan; Sima Rui appointed Ji Administrator of Wuxing and established Yixing commandery in his hometown to honor him.
33
曹嶷自大梁引兵而東，所至皆下，遂克東平，進攻琅邪。
Cao Ni led troops east from Daliang; wherever he went all submitted; he captured Dongping and advanced to attack Langya.
34
夏，四月，王浚將祁弘敗漢冀州刺史劉靈於廣宗，殺之。
In summer, in the fourth month, Qi Hong, a general under Wang Jun, defeated Liu Ling, Han Inspector of Ji Province, at Guangzong and killed him.
35
成主雄謂其將張寶曰：「汝能得梓潼，吾以李離之官賞汝。」 寶乃先殺人而亡奔梓潼，訇琦等信之，委以心腹。 會羅尚遣使至梓潼，琦等出送之； 寶從後閉門，琦等奔巴西。 雄以寶為太尉。
Li Xiong, ruler of Cheng, told his general Zhang Bao: "If you can take Zitong, I will reward you with Li Li's office." Zhang Bao then killed someone and fled to Zitong; Hong Qi and the others trusted him and made him a close confidant. When Luo Shang sent envoys to Zitong, Hong Qi and the others went out to escort them; Zhang Bao closed the gates behind them; Hong Qi and the others fled to Baxi. Li Xiong appointed Zhang Bao Grand Commandant.
36
幽、并、司、冀、秦、雍六州大蝗，食草木、牛馬毛皆盡。
A great locust plague struck the six provinces of You, Bing, Si, Ji, Qin, and Yong; the locusts devoured grass and trees and even stripped the hair from cattle and horses.
37
秋，七月，漢楚王聰、始安王曜、石勒及安北大將軍越國圍河內太守裴整於懷，詔征虜將軍宋抽救懷。 勒與平北大將軍王桑逆擊抽，殺之； 河內人執整以降，漢主淵以整為尚書左丞。 河內督將郭默收整餘眾，自為塢主，劉琨以默為河內太守。 羅尚卒於巴郡，詔以長沙太守下邳皮素代之。
In autumn, in the seventh month, Liu Cong, Prince of Chu of Han, Liu Yao, Prince of Shi'an, Shi Le, and General Who Pacifies the North Yue Guo besieged Pei Zheng, Administrator of Henei, at Huai; an edict ordered Song Chou, General Who Captures the Enemy, to rescue Huai. Shi Le and General Who Pacifies the North Wang Sang intercepted Song Chou and killed him; the people of Henei seized Pei Zheng and surrendered; Liu Yuan appointed Pei Zheng Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. Guo Mo, a garrison commander of Henei, gathered Pei Zheng's remaining troops and made himself master of a fortified settlement; Liu Kun appointed Guo Mo Administrator of Henei. Luo Shang died in Ba commandery; an edict appointed Pi Su of Xiapi, Administrator of Changsha, to replace him.
38
庚午，漢主淵寢疾； 辛未，以陳留王歡樂為太宰，長樂王洋為太傅，江都王延年為太保，楚王聰為大司馬、大單于，並錄尚書事。 置單于台於平陽西。 以齊王裕為大司徒，魯王隆為尚書令，北海王乂為撫軍大將軍、領司隸校尉，始安王曜為征討大都督、領單于左輔，廷尉喬智明為冠軍大將軍、領單于右輔，光祿大夫劉殷為左僕射，王育為右僕射，任顗為吏部尚書，朱紀為中書監，護軍馬景領左衛將軍，永安王安國領右衛將軍，安昌王盛、安邑王飲、西陽王璿皆領武衛將軍，分典禁兵。 初，盛少時，不好讀書，唯讀《孝經》、《論語》，曰：「誦此能行，足矣，安用多誦而不行乎！」 李熹見之，歎曰：「望之如可易，及至，肅如嚴君，可謂君子矣！」 淵以其忠篤，故臨終委以要任。 丁丑，淵召太宰歡樂等入禁中，受遺詔輔政。 己卯，淵卒； 太子和即位。
On gengwu, Liu Yuan fell gravely ill; On xinwei, Liu Huanle, Prince of Chenliu, was appointed Grand Preceptor; Liu Yang, Prince of Changle, Grand Tutor; Liu Yannian, Prince of Jiangdu, Grand Protector; and Liu Cong, Prince of Chu, Grand Marshal and Grand Chanyu—all with concurrent charge of the Masters of Writing. The Chanyu Platform was established west of Pingyang. Liu Yu, Prince of Qi, was made Grand Minister over the Masses; Liu Long, Prince of Lu, Director of the Masters of Writing; Liu Yi, Prince of Beihai, General Who Pacifies the Army with concurrent charge as Colonel of the Metropolitan Area; Liu Yao, Prince of Shi'an, Grand Commander-in-Chief for Campaigns with concurrent charge as Left Assistant Chanyu; Qiao Zhiming, Minister of Justice, Champion General with concurrent charge as Right Assistant Chanyu; Liu Yin, Grandee of Splendid Happiness, Left Vice Director; Wang Yu, Right Vice Director; Ren Yi, Director of the Ministry of Personnel; Zhu Ji, Supervisor of the Masters of Writing; Protector of the Army Ma Jing, acting Left Guard General; Liu Anguo, Prince of Yong'an, acting Right Guard General; and Liu Sheng, Prince of Anchang, Liu Yin, Prince of Anyi, and Liu Xuan, Prince of Xiyang, all acting Generals of Martial Guard, each commanding a portion of the palace guard. Earlier, when Liu Sheng was young he did not love reading; he read only the Classic of Filial Piety and the Analects, saying: "If one can recite these and live by them, that is enough—what use is reciting much without acting!" When Li Xi saw him, he sighed and said: "At a distance he seems easy to approach, but up close he is as stern as a strict lord—he may truly be called a gentleman!" Because of his loyalty and steadfastness, Liu Yuan entrusted him with a crucial post on his deathbed. On dingchou, Liu Yuan summoned Grand Preceptor Liu Huanle and the others into the inner palace to receive the deathbed edict and assist in government. On jimao, Liu Yuan died; Crown Prince Liu He ascended the throne.
39
和性猜忌無恩。 宗正呼延攸，翼之子也，淵以其無才行，終身不遷官； 侍中劉乘，素惡楚王聰； 衛尉西昌王銳，恥不預顧命； 乃相與謀，說和曰：「先帝不惟輕重之勢，使三王總強兵於內，大司馬擁十萬眾屯於近郊，陛下便為寄坐耳。 宜早為之計。」 和，攸之甥也，深信之。 辛巳夜，召安昌王盛、安邑王欽等告之。 盛曰：「先帝梓宮在殯，四王未有逆節，一旦自相魚肉，天下謂陛下何！ 且大業甫爾，陛下勿信讒夫之言以疑兄弟。 兄弟尚不可信，他人誰足信哉！」 攸、銳怒之曰：「今日之議，理無有二，領軍是何言乎！」 命左右刃之。 盛既死，欽懼曰：「惟陛下命！」 壬午，銳帥馬景攻楚王聰於單于台，攸帥永安王安國攻齊王裕於司徒府，乘帥安邑王飲攻魯王隆，使尚書田密、武衛將軍劉璿攻北海王乂。 密、璿挾乂斬關歸於聰，聰命貫甲以待之。 銳知聰有備，馳還，與攸、乘共攻隆、裕。 攸、乘疑安國、欽有異志，殺之。 是日，斬裕，癸未，斬隆。 甲申，聰攻西明門，克之； 銳等走入南宮，前鋒隨之。 乙酉，殺和於光極西室，收銳、攸、乘，梟首通衢。
Liu He was by nature suspicious and devoid of kindness. Huyan You, Director of the Imperial Clan and son of Huyan, because Liu Yuan considered him lacking in ability and conduct, was never promoted throughout his life; Palace Attendant Liu Cheng had long hated Liu Cong, Prince of Chu; Liu Rui, Prince of Xichang, Commandant of the Guards, was shamed at not being included in the deathbed appointment; they therefore plotted together and told Liu He: "The late emperor, without regard for the balance of power, left three princes commanding strong armies within the palace, and the Grand Marshal holding one hundred thousand men encamped in the near suburbs—you, Your Majesty, are but a figurehead. You should act early." Liu He, being Huyan You's nephew, trusted him completely. On the night of xinsi, he summoned Liu Sheng, Prince of Anchang, Liu Qin, Prince of Anyi, and the others and told them. Liu Sheng said: "The late emperor's coffin is still in mourning; the four princes have shown no disloyalty—if we suddenly turn on one another, what will the realm think of Your Majesty! Moreover, the great enterprise has only just begun—Your Majesty must not believe slanderers and grow suspicious of your brothers. If even brothers cannot be trusted, who else is worth trusting!" Huyan You and Liu Rui said angrily: "In today's deliberations there can be no two views—what talk is this from the commander of the guard!" He ordered those at his side to cut him down. After Liu Sheng was dead, Liu Qin said in fear: "I await Your Majesty's command!" On renwu, Liu Rui led Ma Jing to attack Liu Cong, Prince of Chu, at the Chanyu Platform; Huyan You led Liu Anguo, Prince of Yong'an, to attack Liu Yu, Prince of Qi, at the Minister over the Masses' office; Liu Cheng led Liu Yin, Prince of Anyi, to attack Liu Long, Prince of Lu; and he had Tian Mi of the Masters of Writing and Liu Xuan, General of Martial Guard, attack Liu Yi, Prince of Beihai. Tian Mi and Liu Xuan seized Liu Yi, broke through the gate, and returned to Liu Cong; Liu Cong ordered his men to don armor and await them. Liu Rui, knowing Liu Cong was prepared, galloped back and joined Huyan You and Liu Cheng in attacking Liu Long and Liu Yu. Huyan You and Liu Cheng suspected Liu Anguo and Liu Qin of disloyal intentions and killed them. That day Liu Yu was beheaded; on guiwei Liu Long was beheaded. On jiashen, Liu Cong attacked the Ximing Gate and captured it; Liu Rui and the others fled into the Southern Palace, and the vanguard followed after them. On yiyou, Liu He was killed in the Western Chamber of the Hall of Light; Liu Rui, Huyan You, and Liu Cheng were seized and their heads displayed on the public thoroughfare.
40
群臣請聰即帝位； 聰以北海王乂，單後之子也，以位讓之。 乂涕泣固請，聰久而許之，曰：「乂及群公正以禍難尚殷，貪孤年長故耳。 此家國之事，孤何敢辭！ 俟乂年長，當以大業歸之。」 遂即位。 大赦，改元光興。 尊單氏曰皇太后，其母張氏曰帝太后。 以義為皇太弟、領大單于、大司徒。 立其妻呼延氏為皇后。 呼延氏，淵後之從父妹也。 封其子粲為河內王，易為河間王，翼為彭城王，悝為高平王； 仍以粲為撫軍大將軍、都督中外諸軍事。 以石勒為并州刺史，封汲郡公。
The ministers urged Liu Cong to ascend the imperial throne; Liu Cong, because Liu Yi, Prince of Beihai, was the son of Empress Shan, offered the throne to him. Liu Yi wept and firmly declined; after a long while Liu Cong consented and said: "Yi and the ministers are yielding to me only because calamity still presses close and because they favor my greater age. This is a matter of state and dynasty—how dare I decline! When Yi comes of age, the great enterprise shall be returned to him." He thereupon ascended the throne. A general amnesty was declared, and the era name was changed to Guangxing. Lady Shan was honored as Empress Dowager, and his mother Lady Zhang as Imperial Dowager. Liu Yi was appointed Imperial Younger Brother, with concurrent charge as Grand Chanyu and Grand Minister over the Masses. His wife Lady Huyan was installed as empress. Lady Huyan was a paternal cousin of Liu Yuan's empress. He enfeoffed his sons—Liu Can as Prince of Henei, Liu Yi as Prince of Hejian, Liu Yi as Prince of Pengcheng, and Liu Ti as Prince of Gaoping; Liu Can was also made General Who Stabilizes the Army and given overall command of all military affairs. Shi Le was made Inspector of Bing Province and enfeoffed as Duke of Ji.
41
略陽臨渭氐酋蒲洪，驍勇多權略，群氐畏服之。 漢主聰遣使拜洪平遠將軍，洪不受，自稱護氐校尉、秦州刺史、略陽公。 九月，辛未，葬漢主淵於永光陵，謚曰光文皇帝，廟號高祖。
Pu Hong, chieftain of the Di at Linwei in Lueyang, was a fierce fighter and cunning tactician whom the Di tribes feared and obeyed. Liu Cong, ruler of Han, sent envoys to appoint Pu Hong General Who Pacifies the Distance, but Hong refused and styled himself Protector of the Di, Inspector of Qin Province, and Duke of Lueyang. In the ninth month, on xinwei, Liu Yuan, ruler of Han, was buried at Yongguang Mausoleum with the posthumous title Emperor Guangwen and the temple name Gaozu.
42
雍州流民多在南陽，詔書遣還鄉里。 流民以關中荒殘，皆不願歸； 征南將軍山簡、南中郎將杜蕤各遣兵送之，促期令發。 京兆王如遂潛結壯士，夜襲二軍，破之。 於是馮翊嚴嶷、京兆侯脫各聚眾攻城鎮，殺令長以應之，未幾，眾至四五萬，自號大將軍、領司、雍二州牧，稱籓於漢。
Many refugees from Yong Province had settled in Nanyang, and an imperial edict ordered them sent home. The refugees, finding Guanzhong desolate and ruined, were unwilling to go back; General Who Conquers the South Shan Jian and Southern Central Commandant Du Rui each sent troops to escort them home and set a firm deadline for departure. Wang Ru of Jingzhao secretly rallied fighting men and launched a night attack on the two armies, routing them. Yan Ni of Fengyi and Hou Tuo of Jingzhao then raised armies, stormed garrison towns, and killed local officials in support; within a short time their forces swelled to forty or fifty thousand. They styled themselves Grand General and Governors of Si and Yong and acknowledged Han as their suzerain.
43
冬，十月，漢河內王粲、始安王曜及王彌帥眾四萬寇洛陽，石勒帥騎二萬會粲於大陽，敗監軍裴邈於澠池，遂長驅入洛川。 粲出軒轅，掠梁、陳、汝、穎間。 勒出成皋關，壬寅，圍陳留太守王贊於倉垣，為贊所敗，退屯文石津。
In winter, in the tenth month, Liu Can, Prince of Henei, Liu Yao, Prince of Shi'an, and Wang Mi led forty thousand men against Luoyang. Shi Le brought twenty thousand cavalry to join Liu Can at Dayang, defeated Overseer Pei Miao at Mianchi, and swept deep into the Luoyang basin. Liu Can marched out through Xuanyuan Pass and ravaged the lands between Liang, Chen, Ru, and Ying. Shi Le marched out through Chenggao Pass; on renyin he besieged Wang Zan, Administrator of Chenliu, at Cangyuan, was beaten back, and withdrew to Wenshi Ford.
44
劉琨自將討劉虎及白部，遣使卑辭厚禮說鮮卑拓跋猗盧以請兵。 猗盧使其弟弗之子鬱律帥騎二萬助之，遂破劉虎、白部，屠其營。 琨與猗盧結為兄弟，表猗盧為大單于，以代郡封之為代公。 時代郡屬幽州，王浚不許，遣兵擊猗盧，猗盧拒破之。 浚由是與琨有隙。
Liu Kun personally took the field against Liu Hu and the Bai tribe and sent envoys with humble words and lavish gifts to persuade the Xianbei chieftain Tuoba Yilu to send troops. Tuoba Yilu sent his nephew Yulü, son of his younger brother Fu, at the head of twenty thousand cavalry to help; together they routed Liu Hu and the Bai tribe and wiped out their camps. Liu Kun and Tuoba Yilu swore brotherhood; he memorialized the court to make Tuoba Yilu Grand Chanyu and enfeoffed him as Duke of Dai, granting him Dai commandery. Dai commandery then fell under You Province, and Wang Jun refused to accept the arrangement; he sent troops against Tuoba Yilu, who fought them off and won. From this Wang Jun and Liu Kun became estranged.
45
猗盧以封邑去國懸遠，民不相接，乃帥部落萬餘家自雲中入雁門，從琨求陘北之地。 琨不能制，且欲倚之為援，乃徙樓煩、馬邑、陰館、繁畤、崞五縣民於陘南，以其地與猗盧； 由是猗盧益盛。
Tuoba Yilu found his new fief too far from his homeland for his people to remain connected, so he led more than ten thousand tribal households from Yunzhong into Yanmen and asked Liu Kun for the lands north of Xing Pass. Liu Kun could not restrain him and hoped to use him as an ally, so he relocated the people of Loufan, Mayi, Yinguan, Fanzhi, and Guo to the south of Xing Pass and ceded the territory to Tuoba Yilu; Tuoba Yilu grew stronger still.
46
琨遣使言於太傅越，請出兵共討劉聰、石勒； 越忌苟晞及豫州刺史馮嵩，恐為後患，不許。 琨乃謝猗盧之兵，遣歸國。
Liu Kun sent envoys to Grand Tutor Sima Yue asking for a joint campaign against Liu Cong and Shi Le; Sima Yue distrusted Gou Xi and Feng Song, Inspector of Yu Province, fearing future trouble from them, and refused. Liu Kun then thanked Tuoba Yilu for his aid and sent the troops home.
47
劉虎收餘眾，西渡河，居朔方肆盧川，漢主聰以虎宗室，封樓煩公。
Liu Hu rallied the survivors, crossed west over the river, and settled on the Silu River in Shuofang; Liu Cong, ruler of Han, enfeoffed him as Duke of Loufan because he was a member of the imperial clan.
48
壬子，以劉琨為平北大將軍，王浚為司空，進鮮卑段務勿塵為大單于。
On renzi, Liu Kun was made General Who Pacifies the North, Wang Jun was appointed Minister of Works, and the Xianbei chieftain Duan Wuyuan was promoted to Grand Chanyu.
49
京師饑困日甚，太傅越遣使以羽檄征天下兵，使入援京師。 帝謂使者曰：「為我語諸征、鎮：今日尚可救，後則無及矣！」 既而卒無至者。 征南將軍山簡遣督護王萬將兵入援，軍於涅陽，為王如所敗。 如遂大掠沔、漢，進逼襄陽，簡嬰城自守。 荊州刺史王澄自將，欲援京師，至沶口，聞簡敗，眾散而還。 朝議多欲遷都以避難，王衍以為不可，賣車牛以安眾心。 山簡為嚴嶷所逼，自襄陽徙屯夏口。
Famine and hardship in the capital worsened by the day; Grand Tutor Sima Yue sent urgent summons throughout the realm calling for troops to march to the capital's relief. The emperor told the envoy: "Tell the regional commanders and territorial governors for me: if you come today, the capital can still be saved; wait any longer and it will be too late!" In the end, not one came. General Who Conquers the South Shan Jian sent Supervisor Wang Wan with troops to relieve the capital; they encamped at Niyang and were defeated by Wang Ru. Wang Ru then ravaged the Mian and Han valleys, pressed toward Xiangyang, and Shan Jian shut himself within the city walls. Wang Cheng, Inspector of Jing Province, personally led an army toward the capital, but when he reached Yikou and learned of Shan Jian's defeat, his men scattered and he turned back. Most at court favored moving the capital to escape disaster; Wang Yan argued against it and sold off carts and oxen to reassure the people. Hard pressed by Yan Ni, Shan Jian withdrew from Xiangyang and encamped at Xiakou.
50
石勒引兵濟河，將趣南陽，王如、侯脫、嚴嶷等聞之，遣眾一萬屯襄城以拒勒。 勒擊之，盡俘其眾，進屯宛北。 是時，侯脫據宛，王如據穰。 如素與脫不協，遣使重賂勒，結為兄弟，說勒使攻脫。 勒攻宛，克之； 嚴嶷引兵救宛，不及而降。 勒斬脫； 囚嶷，送於平陽，盡並其眾。 遂南寇襄陽，攻拔江西壘壁三十餘所。 還，趣襄城，王如遣弟璃襲勒； 勒迎擊，滅之，復屯江西。
Shi Le crossed the river heading for Nanyang; when Wang Ru, Hou Tuo, Yan Ni, and their allies heard of it, they sent ten thousand men to hold Xiangcheng against him. Shi Le attacked, took every man captive, and advanced to camp north of Wan. At the time Hou Tuo held Wan and Wang Ru held Rang. Wang Ru had long been at odds with Hou Tuo; he sent envoys laden with gifts to Shi Le, swore brotherhood with him, and urged him to attack Hou Tuo. Shi Le attacked Wan and took it; Yan Ni marched to relieve Wan, arrived too late, and surrendered. Shi Le executed Hou Tuo; he imprisoned Yan Ni and sent him to Pingyang, absorbing all his troops. He then raided south toward Xiangyang and captured more than thirty fortified camps west of the river. On the return march toward Xiangcheng, Wang Ru sent his younger brother Wang Li to strike at Shi Le; Shi Le met the attack head-on, wiped them out, and again encamped west of the river.
51
太傅越既殺王延等，大失眾望； 又以胡寇益盛，內不自安，乃戎服入見，請討石勒，且鎮集兗、豫。 帝曰：「今胡虜侵逼郊畿，人無固志，朝廷社稷，倚賴於公，豈可遠出以孤根本！」 對曰：「臣出，幸而破賊，則國威可振，猶愈於坐待困窮也。」 十一月，甲戌，越帥甲士四萬向許昌，留妃裴氏、世子毘及龍驤將軍李惲、右衛將軍何倫守衛京師，防察宮省； 以潘滔為河南尹，總留事。 越表以行台自隨，用太尉衍為軍司，朝賢素望，悉為佐吏，名將勁卒，咸入其府。 於是宮省無復守衛，荒饉日甚，殿內死人交橫； 盜賊公行，府寺營署，並掘塹自守。 越東屯項，以馮嵩為左司馬，自領豫州牧。
Grand Tutor Sima Yue had already put Wang Yan and others to death and lost much of the people's respect; With the barbarian invaders growing stronger, he felt increasingly insecure; he appeared at court in armor and asked permission to campaign against Shi Le and to stabilize Yan and Yu. The emperor said: "The barbarians now press upon the capital's outskirts; the people have lost their resolve; the court and the realm depend on you—how can you go far away and leave the heart of the state undefended!" He replied: "If I take the field and by good fortune defeat the enemy, national prestige can be restored—that is still better than sitting here until we are worn down to nothing." In the eleventh month, on jiaxu, Sima Yue marched forty thousand armored troops toward Xuchang, leaving his consort Lady Pei, his heir Sima Pi, General of the Dragon Cavalry Li Yun, and General of the Right Guard He Lun to defend the capital and watch over the palace. He made Pan Tao Administrator of Henan and put him in charge of all affairs at the capital. Sima Yue memorialized to take a mobile headquarters with him, made Grand Commandant Wang Yan his army adviser, drew every eminent minister of standing into his staff, and gathered famous generals and crack troops into his command. The palace and offices were left without guards; famine worsened by the day, and corpses piled up inside the halls; robbers roamed openly, and every government office and barracks dug moats to defend itself. Sima Yue encamped east at Xiang, made Feng Song his Left Major, and took personal charge as Governor of Yu Province.
52
竟陵王楙白帝遣兵襲何倫，不克； 帝委罪於楙，楙逃竄，得免。
Sima Mao, Prince of Jingling, persuaded the emperor to send troops against He Lun, but the attack failed; the emperor blamed Sima Mao, who fled and escaped punishment.
53
揚州都督周馥以洛陽孤危，上書請遷都壽春。 太傅越以馥不先白己而直上書，大怒，召馥及淮南太守裴碩。 馥不肯行，令碩帥兵先進。 碩詐稱受越密旨，襲馥，為馥所敗，退保東城。
Zhou Fu, Supervisor of Yang Province, finding Luoyang isolated and imperiled, memorialized the throne to move the capital to Shouchun. Grand Tutor Sima Yue was furious that Zhou Fu had gone over his head to the throne and summoned Zhou Fu and Pei Shuo, Administrator of Huainan. Zhou Fu refused to go and ordered Pei Shuo to advance with troops first. Pei Shuo falsely claimed a secret order from Sima Yue and attacked Zhou Fu, but Zhou Fu defeated him and drove him back to Dongcheng.
54
詔加張軌鎮西將軍、都督隴右諸軍事。 光祿大夫傅祗、太常摯虞遣軌書，告以京師饑匱。 軌遣參軍杜勳獻馬五百匹，毯布三萬匹。
An edict promoted Zhang Gui to General Who Guards the West and gave him overall military command west of Long. Palace Attendant Fu Zhi and Minister of Ceremonies Zhi Yu wrote to Zhang Gui reporting famine and destitution in the capital. Zhang Gui sent his aide Du Xun with five hundred horses and thirty thousand bolts of felt and cloth as tribute.
55
成太傅驤攻譙登於涪城。 羅尚子宇及參佐素惡登，不給其糧。 益州刺史皮素怒，欲治其罪； 十二月，素至巴郡，羅宇等使人夜殺素，建平都尉暴重殺宇，巴郡亂。 驤知登食盡援絕，攻涪愈急。 士民皆熏鼠食之，餓死甚眾，無一人離叛者。 驤子壽先在登所，登乃歸之。 三府官屬表巴東監軍南陽韓松為益州刺史，治巴東。
Sima Xiang, Grand Tutor of Cheng, besieged Qiao Deng at Fucheng. Luo Shang's son Luo Yu and the staff had long resented Qiao Deng and refused to send him provisions. Pi Su, Inspector of Yi Province, was furious and meant to punish them; In the twelfth month, when Pi Su reached Ba commandery, Luo Yu and his allies had him killed by night; Bao Chong, Commandant of Jianping, then killed Luo Yu, and Ba commandery descended into chaos. Learning that Qiao Deng's food was gone and no relief was coming, Sima Xiang pressed the siege of Fu ever harder. Soldiers and civilians smoked rats for food; starvation killed many, yet not one deserted or turned traitor. Sima Xiang's son Shou was being held by Qiao Deng, who now returned him unharmed. Officials of the Three Offices memorialized Han Song of Nanyang, military overseer in Badong, as Inspector of Yi Province with his seat at Badong.
56
初，帝以王彌、石勒侵逼京畿，詔苟晞督帥州郡討之。 會曹嶷破琅邪，北收齊地，兵勢甚盛，苟純閉城自守。 晞還救青川，與嶷連戰，破之。
Earlier, with Wang Mi and Shi Le pressing upon the capital's outskirts, the emperor ordered Gou Xi to lead the provinces and commanderies against them. Just then Cao Ni overran Langye and swept north through Qi; his army grew formidable, and Gou Chun shut himself within the city walls. Gou Xi marched back to relieve Qing Province, fought Cao Ni in a series of battles, and defeated him.
57
是歲，寧州刺史王遜到官，表李釗為朱提太守。 時寧州外逼於成，內有夷寇，城邑丘墟。 遜惡衣菜食，招集離散，勞徠不倦，數年之間，州境復安。 誅豪右不奉法者十餘家； 以五苓夷昔為亂首，擊滅之，內外震服。
That year Wang Xun, Inspector of Ning Province, took office and memorialized Li Zhao as Administrator of Zhuti. Ning Province was menaced by Cheng from without and ravaged by tribal raids within; towns lay in ruins. Wang Xun lived plainly, gathered the displaced, and worked tirelessly to win people back; within a few years the province was at peace again. He executed more than ten powerful families who defied the law; he crushed the Wuling Yi, who had once led rebellions, and awe settled over the province within and without.
58
漢主聰自以越次而立，忌其嫡兄恭； 因恭寢，穴其壁間，刺而殺之。
Liu Cong, ruler of Han, knowing he had taken the throne out of turn, feared his legitimate elder brother Liu Gong; while Liu Gong slept, he bored through the wall and stabbed him to death.
59
漢太后單氏卒，漢主聰尊母張氏為皇太后。 單氏年少美色，聰烝焉。 太弟乂屢以為言，單氏慚恚而死。 乂寵由是漸衰，然以單氏故，尚未之廢也。 呼延後言於聰曰：「父死子繼，古今常道。 陛下承高祖之業，太弟何為者哉！ 陛下百年後，粲兄弟必無種矣。」 聰曰：「然，吾當徐思之。」 呼延氏曰：「事留變生，太弟見粲兄弟浸長，必有不安之志，萬一有小人交構其間，未必不禍發於今日也。」 聰心然之。 乂舅光祿大夫單沖泣謂乂曰：「疏不間親。 主上有意於河內王矣，殿下何不避之！」 乂曰：「河瑞之末，主上自惟嫡庶之分，以大位讓乂。 乂以主上齒長，故相推奉。 天下者，高祖之天下，兄終弟及，何為不可！ 粲兄弟既壯，猶今日也。 且子弟之間，親疏詎幾，主上寧可有此意乎！
Empress Dowager Shan of Han died, and Liu Cong, ruler of Han, honored his own mother Lady Zhang as Empress Dowager. Lady Shan was young and beautiful, and Liu Cong took her as his consort. Imperial Younger Brother Liu Yi protested again and again; Lady Shan died of shame and grief. Liu Yi's standing gradually declined, but because of Lady Shan he had not yet been removed from succession. Empress Huyan said to Liu Cong: "When a father dies, the son succeeds—that is the way of the world, ancient and modern alike. Your Majesty inherits the legacy of Emperor Gaozu—what place is there for an Imperial Younger Brother! When Your Majesty is gone, Liu Can and his brothers will not survive." Liu Cong said: "True—but I shall think on it at my leisure." Lady Huyan said: "Delay breeds trouble. When the Imperial Younger Brother sees Liu Can's brothers growing up, he will grow restless; if petty men should stir trouble between them, disaster may strike today, not tomorrow." Liu Cong was persuaded. Liu Yi's maternal uncle, Palace Attendant Shan Chong, wept and said to him: "Outsiders cannot drive a wedge between kin. The emperor already favors the Prince of Henei—why do you not step aside!" Liu Yi said: "At the end of the Herui era, the emperor himself weighed the claims of legitimate and secondary sons and offered the throne to me. I yielded because he was my elder and supported him instead. The realm belongs to Emperor Gaozu—when an elder brother dies, a younger brother succeeds; why should that be forbidden! When Liu Can's brothers come of age, things will be as they are today. And among sons and younger brothers, what real difference is there between near and far? Could the emperor truly mean such a thing!
60
孝懷皇帝中永嘉五年（ 辛未，公元三一一年）
Emperor Huai of Jin, Middle Part—Yongjia, Year Five ( xinwei, 311 CE)
61
春，正月，壬申，苟晞為曹嶷所敗，棄城奔高平。
In spring, in the first month, on renshen, Cao Ni defeated Gou Xi; Gou Xi abandoned his city and fled to Gaoping.
62
石勒謀保據江、漢，參軍都尉張賓以為不可。 會軍中饑疫，死者太半，乃渡沔，寇江夏，癸酉，拔之。
Shi Le planned to hold the Yangtze-Han basin, but Adjunct General Zhang Bin argued against it. Famine and pestilence meanwhile ravaged his army, killing more than half his men; he then crossed the Han River, attacked Jiangxia, and on guiyou took the city.
63
乙亥，成太傅驤拔涪城，獲譙登。 太保始拔巴西，殺文石。 於是成主雄大赦，改元玉衡。 譙登至成都，雄欲宥之； 登詞氣不屈，雄殺之。
On yihai, Li Xiang, Grand Tutor of Cheng, captured Fucheng and took Qiao Deng prisoner. Grand Preceptor Shi captured Baxi and executed Wenshi. Thereupon Li Xiong, ruler of Cheng, declared a general amnesty and adopted the era name Yuheng. When Qiao Deng was brought to Chengdu, Li Xiong intended to show him mercy; Qiao Deng spoke and carried himself without yielding; Li Xiong had him put to death.
64
巴蜀流民布在荊、湘間，數為土民所侵苦，蜀人李驤聚眾據樂鄉反，南平太守應詹與醴陵令杜苾共擊破之。 王澄使成都內史王機討驤，驤請降，澄偽許而襲殺之。 以其妻子為賞，沉八千餘人於江，流民益怨忿。 蜀人杜疇等復反，湘州參軍馮素與蜀人汝班有隙，言於刺史荀眺曰：「巴、蜀流民皆欲反。」 眺信之，欲盡誅流民。 流民大懼，四五萬家一時俱反，以杜苾州裡重望，共推為主。 苾自稱梁、益二州牧、領湘州刺史。
Refugees from Ba and Shu were scattered across Jing and Xiang and suffered repeated abuse at the hands of the locals; Li Xiang, a man of Shu, raised a force, seized Leyang, and rebelled—until Ying Zhan, Administrator of Nanping, and Du Mi, Magistrate of Liling, joined forces and routed him. Wang Cheng sent Wang Ji, Interior Secretary of Chengdu, against Li Xiang; Li Xiang offered to surrender, but Wang Cheng pretended to accept and then struck him down in a surprise attack. He offered their families as prizes to his troops, drowned more than eight thousand people in the river, and the refugees' hatred only deepened. Du Chou of Shu and others rose again; Feng Su, an aide in the Xiangzhou headquarters, bore a grudge against Ru Ban, a fellow Shu exile, and told Inspector Xun Tiao: "Every refugee from Ba and Shu means to rebel." Xun Tiao believed him and planned to kill every refugee. Terrified, forty or fifty thousand refugee households rose at once; because Du Mi was highly esteemed in the province, they made him their leader. Du Mi proclaimed himself Governor of Liang and Yi and Acting Inspector of Xiang Province.
65
裴碩求救於琅邪王睿，睿使揚威將軍甘卓等攻周馥於壽春。 馥眾潰，奔項，豫州都督新蔡王確執之，馥憂憤而卒。 確，騰之子也。
Pei Shuo appealed to Sima Rui, Prince of Langye, who sent Gan Zhuo, General Who Displays Might, and others to attack Zhou Fu at Shouchun. Zhou Fu's army broke and fled to Xiang; Sima Que, Prince of Xincai and supervisor of Yu Province, took him prisoner, and Zhou Fu died of grief and rage. Sima Que was a son of Sima Teng.
66
揚州刺史劉陶卒。 琅邪王睿復以安東軍咨祭酒王敦為揚州刺史，尋加都督征討諸軍事。
Liu Tao, Inspector of Yang Province, died. Sima Rui again made Wang Dun, chief staff officer of the Army of Pacification of the East, Inspector of Yang Province, and soon afterward made him supervisor of all military affairs for campaigning and suppression.
67
庚辰，平原王干薨。
On gengchen, Sima Gan, Prince of Pingyuan, died.
68
二月，石勒攻新蔡，殺新蔡莊王確於南頓； 進拔許昌，殺平東將軍王康。
In the second month, Shi Le attacked Xincai and killed Sima Que, Prince Zhuang of Xincai, at Nandun; then marched on to take Xuchang and kill Wang Kang, General Who Pacifies the East.
69
氐苻成、隗文復叛，自宜都趣巴東； 建平都尉暴重討之。 重因殺韓松，自領三府事。
Fu Cheng and Wei Wen of the Di rebelled again, marching from Yidu toward Badong; Bao Chong, Commandant of Jianping, moved against them. Bao Chong then killed Han Song and assumed the duties of the Three Offices himself.
70
東海孝獻王越既與苟晞有隙，河南尹潘滔、尚書劉望等復從而譖之。 晞怒，表求滔等首，揚言：「司馬元超為宰相不平，使天下淆亂，苟道將豈可以不義使之！」 乃移檄諸州，自稱功伐，陳越罪狀。 帝亦惡越專權，多違詔命； 所留將士何倫等，抄掠公卿，逼辱公主； 密賜晞手詔，使討之。 晞數與帝文書往來，越疑之，使游騎於成皋間伺之，果獲晞使及詔書。 乃下檄罪狀晞，以從事中郎楊瑁為兗州刺史，使與徐州刺史裴盾共討晞。 晞遣騎收潘滔，滔夜遁，得免； 執尚書劉曾、侍中程延，斬之。 越憂憤成疾，以後事付王衍； 三月，丙子，薨於項，秘不發喪。 眾共推衍為元帥，衍不敢當； 以讓襄陽王范，范亦不受。 范，瑋之子也。 於是衍等相與奉越喪還葬東海。 何倫、李惲等聞越薨，奉裴妃及世子毘自洛陽東走，城中士民爭隨之。 帝追貶越為縣王，以苟晞為大將軍、大都督，督青、徐、兗、豫、荊、揚六州諸軍事。
Sima Yue, Prince Xiaoxian of Donghai, was already at odds with Gou Xi when Pan Tao, Intendant of Henan, Liu Wang of the Masters of Writing, and others slandered Gou Xi as well. Enraged, Gou Xi memorialized demanding the heads of Pan Tao and his allies and declared publicly: "Sima Yuanchao holds power unjustly and has thrown the realm into chaos—how can General Gou be made to serve such an unrighteous master!" He then circulated a proclamation to the provinces, boasting of his own merits and listing Sima Yue's crimes. The emperor too hated Sima Yue's monopoly of power and his repeated defiance of imperial orders; the troops he had left behind, led by He Lun, pillaged the nobility and humiliated the imperial princesses; and secretly sent Gou Xi an edict in the emperor's own hand ordering him to attack Sima Yue. Letters passed repeatedly between Gou Xi and the emperor; Sima Yue grew suspicious and posted mounted scouts around Chenggao—they captured Gou Xi's messenger and the secret edict. Sima Yue then published a proclamation accusing Gou Xi, made Yang Mao, Attendant of the Masters of Writing, Inspector of Yan Province, and ordered him and Pei Dun, Inspector of Xu Province, to attack Gou Xi together. Gou Xi sent cavalry to seize Pan Tao, who fled by night and escaped; he seized Liu Zeng of the Masters of Writing and Cheng Yan, Palace Attendant, and beheaded them. Sima Yue fell ill with grief and rage and entrusted his final affairs to Wang Yan; In the third month, on bingzi, he died at Xiang, and his death was kept secret. The army wanted Wang Yan as commander-in-chief, but he refused; he offered command to Sima Fan, Prince of Xiangyang, who also declined. Sima Fan was a son of Sima Wei. Wang Yan and the others then escorted Sima Yue's coffin home to Donghai for burial. When He Lun, Li Yun, and the others learned of Sima Yue's death, they escorted Lady Pei and the heir Pi east from Luoyang, and officials and commoners in the city thronged after them. The emperor posthumously reduced Sima Yue to a commandery prince and made Gou Xi Grand General and Grand Commander, with authority over military affairs in Qing, Xu, Yan, Yu, Jing, and Yang.
71
益州將吏共殺暴重，表巴郡太守張羅行三府事。 羅與隗文等戰，死，文等驅掠吏民，西降於成。 三府文武共表平西司馬蜀郡王異行三府事，領巴郡太守。
Yi Province's officers joined in killing Bao Chong and memorialized Zhang Luo, Administrator of Ba Commandery, to handle the affairs of the Three Offices. Zhang Luo fought Wei Wen and the others and fell; they then drove and looted officials and commoners and surrendered westward to Cheng. Civil and military officers of the Three Offices jointly memorialized Sima Yi, Prince of Shujun and director of the Army of Pacification of the West, to govern the Three Offices and serve concurrently as Administrator of Ba Commandery.
72
初，梁州刺史張光會諸郡守於魏興，共謀進取。 張燕唱言：「漢中荒敗，迫近大賊，克復之事，當俟英雄。」 光以燕受鄧定略，致失漢中，今復沮眾，呵出斬之。 治兵進戰，累年乃得至漢中，綏撫荒殘，百姓悅服。
Earlier Zhang Guang, Inspector of Liang Province, summoned the commandery administrators to Weixing to plan a campaign of reconquest. Zhang Yan declared publicly: "Hanzhong lies in ruins, right beside the enemy—reconquest must wait for a hero." Zhang Guang held that Zhang Yan had accepted Deng Ding's surrender and thereby lost Hanzhong, and was now again discouraging the men—he had him dragged out and beheaded. He drilled his army and fought forward; only after several years did he reach Hanzhong, where he pacified the devastated countryside and won the people's willing submission.
73
夏，四月，石勒帥輕騎追太傅越之喪，及於苦縣寧平城，大敗晉兵，縱騎圍而射之，將士十餘萬人相踐如山，無一人得免者。 執太尉衍、襄陽王范、任城王濟、武陵莊王澹、西河王喜、梁懷王禧、齊王超、吏部尚書劉望、廷尉諸葛銓、豫州刺史劉喬、太傅長史庚金全等，坐之幕下，問以晉故。 衍具陳禍敗之由，雲計不在己； 且自言少無宦情，不豫世事； 因勸勒稱尊號，冀以自免。 勒曰：「君少壯登朝，名蓋四海，身居重任，何得言無宦情邪！ 破壞天下，非君而誰！」 命左右扶出。 眾人畏死，多自陳述。 獨襄陽王范神色儼然，顧呵之曰：「今日之事，何復紛紜！」 勒謂孔萇曰：「吾行天下多矣，未嘗見此輩人，當可存乎？」 萇曰：「彼皆晉之王公，終不為吾用。」 勒曰：「雖然，要不可加以鋒刃。」 夜，使人排牆殺之。 濟，宣帝弟子景王陵之子； 禧，澹之子也。 剖越柩，焚其屍，曰：「亂天下者此人也，吾為天下報之，故焚其骨以告天地。」
In summer, in the fourth month, Shi Le led light cavalry in pursuit of Grand Tutor Sima Yue's funeral train, caught it at Ningping Fort in Ku County, and routed the Jin army; he let his riders surround them and shoot until more than a hundred thousand officers and soldiers lay heaped in mountains of bodies—not one escaped. He seized Grand Commandant Wang Yan, Sima Fan Prince of Xiangyang, Sima Ji Prince of Rencheng, Sima Dan Prince Zhuang of Wuling, Sima Xi Prince of Xihe, Sima Xi Prince Huai of Liang, Sima Chao Prince of Qi, Liu Wang of the Ministry of Personnel, Zhuge Quan the Chief of Justice, Liu Qiao Inspector of Yu Province, Geng Jinquan chief clerk to the Grand Tutor, and others; seated beneath his tent, he questioned them about affairs in Jin. Wang Yan recounted at length the causes of Jin's collapse, insisting that the planning had not been his; and claimed that from youth he had no taste for office and had kept clear of worldly affairs; he then urged Shi Le to take an imperial title, hoping to save his own skin. Shi Le said: "You entered court young, your fame filled the realm, you held weighty office—how can you say you never wanted power! Who else ruined the realm but you!" He ordered his attendants to lead him away. The others, fearing death, mostly pleaded their own cases. Only Sima Fan, Prince of Xiangyang, remained stern and unmoved; turning on the others he shouted: "Today is the day—why this wrangling!" Shi Le said to Kong Chang: "I have ranged across the realm and never seen men like these—could they be spared?" Kong Chang said: "They are Jin's royal princes and grandees—they will never serve us in the end." Shi Le said: "Even so, they must not be put to the sword." By night he had men knock down a wall and crush them to death. Sima Ji was a son of Sima Ling, Prince Jing of Rencheng; Sima Xi, Prince Huai of Liang, was a son of Sima Dan, Prince Zhuang of Wuling. Shi Le opened Sima Yue's coffin and burned the body, declaring: "This man threw the realm into chaos; I avenge the realm, and burn his bones to announce it to Heaven and Earth."
74
何倫等至洧倉，遇勒，戰敗，東海世子毘及宗室四十八王皆沒於勒，何倫奔下邳，李惲奔廣宗。 裴妃為人所掠賣，久之，渡江。 初，琅邪王睿之鎮建業，裴妃意也，故睿德之，厚加存撫，以其子沖繼越後。
He Lun and his party reached Weicang, met Shi Le, and were routed; Sima Pi, heir to the Donghai house, and forty-eight princes of the imperial clan all fell into Shi Le's hands; He Lun fled to Xiapi and Li Yun to Guangzong. Lady Pei was captured and sold into bondage; long afterward she crossed the Yangtze. Earlier, Lady Pei had urged Sima Rui to take up his post at Jianye; Rui therefore felt deep gratitude toward her, treated her with great generosity, and had his son Chong succeed to Sima Yue's lineage.
75
漢趙固、王桑攻裴盾，殺之。
Guo Gu and Wang Sang of Han attacked Pei Dun and killed him.
76
杜苾攻長沙。 五月，荀眺棄城奔廣州，苾追擒之。 於是苾南破零、桂，東掠武昌，殺二千石長吏甚眾。
Du Mi attacked Changsha. In the fifth month, Xun Tiao abandoned his city and fled to Guangzhou; Du Mi pursued and took him prisoner. Du Mi then overran Ling and Gui in the south, raided east as far as Wuchang, and killed a great many senior officials and local magistrates.
77
以太子太傅傅祗為司徒，尚書令荀籓為司空，加王浚大司馬、侍中、大都督，督幽、冀諸軍事，南陽王模為太尉、大都督，張軌為車騎大將軍，琅邪王睿為鎮東大將軍，兼督揚、江、湘、交、廣五州諸軍事。
Fu Zhi, Grand Tutor to the Crown Prince, was appointed Minister over the Masses; Xun Fan, Director of the Masters of Writing, became Minister of Works; Wang Jun was promoted to Grand Marshal, Palace Attendant, and Grand Commander over You and Ji; Sima Mo, Prince of Nanyang, became Grand Commandant and Grand Commander; Zhang Gui became General of Chariots and Cavalry; and Sima Rui, Prince of Langye, became General Who Pacifies the East with concurrent authority over military affairs in Yang, Jiang, Xiang, Jiao, and Guang.
78
初，太傅越以南陽王模不能綏撫關中，表徵為司空。 將軍淳于定說模使不就徵，模從之； 表遣世子保為平西中郎將，鎮上邽，秦州刺史裴苞拒之。 模使帳下都尉陳安攻苞，苞奔安定，太守賈疋納之。
Earlier Grand Tutor Sima Yue, finding that Sima Mo, Prince of Nanyang, could not pacify Guanzhong, memorialized to recall him as Minister of Works. General Chunyu Ding urged Sima Mo to refuse the recall, and he agreed; he memorialized to send his heir Sima Bao as General of the Gentlemen of the Household for Pacification of the West to garrison Shanggui, but Pei Bao, Inspector of Qin Province, blocked him. Sima Mo sent Chen An, a commandant under his banner, against Pei Bao; Pei Bao fled to Anding, where Administrator Jia Pi took him in.
79
苟晞表請遷都倉垣，使從事中郎劉會將船數十艘、宿衛五百人、穀千斛迎帝。 帝將從之，公卿猶豫，左右戀資財，遂不果行。 既而洛陽饑困，人相食，百官流亡者什八九。 帝召公卿議，將行而衛從不備。 帝撫手歎曰：「如何曾無車輿！」 乃使傅祗出詣河陰，治舟楫，朝士數十人導從。 帝步出西掖門，至銅駝街，為盜所掠，不得進而還。 度支校尉東郡魏浚，帥流民數百家保河陰之硤石，時劫掠得穀麥，獻之。 帝以為揚威將軍、平陽太守，度支如故。
Gou Xi memorialized to move the capital to Cangyuan and sent Liu Hui, Attendant of the Masters of Writing, with several dozen boats, five hundred palace guards, and a thousand hu of grain to escort the emperor. The emperor was ready to agree, but court officials hesitated and his attendants refused to abandon their possessions, so the move never happened. Soon Luoyang was starving; people ate one another, and eight or nine tenths of the officials fled. The emperor summoned court officials to discuss flight, but his guard and escort were too thin. The emperor wrung his hands and sighed: "How can there be not a single carriage!" He sent Fu Zhi to Heyin to prepare boats, attended by several dozen court officials. The emperor walked out through the Western Side Gate as far as Bronze Camel Street, was robbed by bandits, and had to turn back. Wei Jun of Dong Commandery, Revenue Controller, held Xiashi at Heyin with several hundred refugee households; he had recently looted grain and wheat and now presented it to the court. The emperor made him General Who Displays Might and Administrator of Pingyang while keeping him in his revenue post.
80
漢主聰使前軍大將軍呼延晏將兵二萬七千寇洛陽，比及河南，晉兵前後十二敗，死者三萬餘人。 始安王曜、王彌、石勒皆引兵會之； 未至，晏留輜重於張方故壘； 癸未，先至洛陽； 甲申，攻平昌門； 丙戌，克之，遂焚東陽門及諸府寺。 六月，丁亥朔，晏以外繼不至，俘掠而去。 帝具舟於洛水，將東走，晏盡焚之。 庚寅，荀籓及弟光祿大夫組奔轘轅。 辛卯，王彌至宣陽門； 壬辰，始安王曜至西明門； 丁酉，王彌、呼延晏克宣陽門，入南宮，升太極前殿，縱兵大掠，悉收宮人、珍寶。 帝出華林園門，欲奔長安，漢兵追執之，幽於端門。 曜自西明門入屯武庫。 戊戌，曜殺太子詮、吳孝王晏、竟陵王楙、右僕射曹馥、尚書閭丘沖、河南尹劉默等，士民死者三萬餘人。 遂發掘諸陵，焚宮廟、官府皆盡。 曜納惠帝羊皇后，遷帝及六璽於平陽。 石勒引兵出轘轅，屯許昌。 光祿大夫劉蕃、尚書盧志奔并州。
Han ruler Liu Cong sent Huyan Yan, Grand General of the Front Army, with twenty-seven thousand men against Luoyang; by the time he reached Henan, Jin armies had suffered twelve defeats in succession and more than thirty thousand men lay dead. Liu Yao, Prince of Shi'an, Wang Mi, and Shi Le all marched to join him; before they arrived, Huyan Yan left his baggage train at Zhang Fang's old fort; on guiwei he reached Luoyang ahead of them; on jiashen he assaulted the Pingchang Gate; on bingxu he breached it, then burned the Dongyang Gate and the government offices. In the sixth month, on the new moon of dinghai, Huyan Yan withdrew after looting the city, since the outer reinforcements had not arrived. The emperor had boats readied on the Luo River for a flight eastward; Huyan Yan burned them all. On gengyin, Xun Fan and his younger brother Zu, Grandee of Splendid Happiness, fled to Huanyuan Pass. On xinmao, Wang Mi reached the Xuanyang Gate; On renchen, Liu Yao, Prince of Shi'an, reached the Ximing Gate; On dingyou, Wang Mi and Huyan Yan breached the Xuanyang Gate, entered the Southern Palace, and mounted the front hall of the Hall of Supreme Ultimate; they unleashed their troops in a great sack of the city and seized every palace woman and treasure they could find. The emperor slipped out through the Huaglin Garden Gate, intending to flee to Chang'an; Han soldiers pursued, seized him, and held him captive at the Duan Gate. Liu Yao entered through the Ximing Gate and encamped at the Armory. On wuxu, Liu Yao executed Crown Prince Quan, Liu Yan, Prince of Wu, Liu Mao, Prince of Jingling, Cao Fu, Right Vice Director, Luqiu Chong, Master of Writing, Liu Mo, Administrator of Henan, and many others; more than thirty thousand soldiers and civilians perished. He then opened the imperial tombs and burned the palaces, temples, and government offices until nothing remained. Liu Yao took Empress Yang of Emperor Hui into his household and removed the emperor and the six imperial seals to Pingyang. Shi Le marched out through Huanyuan Pass and encamped at Xuchang. Liu Fan, Grandee of Splendid Happiness, and Lu Zhi, Master of Writing, fled to Bing Province.
81
丁未，漢主聰大赦，改元嘉平。 以帝為特進左光祿大夫，封平阿公，以侍中庾鈱、王俊為光祿大夫。 鈱，敳之兄也。
On dingwei, Han ruler Liu Cong proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the era name to Jiaping. He made the captive emperor Special Counselor and Left Grandee of Splendid Happiness, enfeoffing him as Duke of Ping'a; he appointed Yu Qian and Wang Jun, Attendants-in-Ordinary, as Grandees of Splendid Happiness. Qian was the elder brother of Yu Yin.
82
初，始安王曜以王彌不待己至，先入洛陽，怨之。 彌說曜曰：「洛陽天下之中，山河四塞，城池、宮室不假修營，宜白主上自平陽徙都之。」 曜以天下未定，洛陽四面受敵，不可守，不用彌策而焚之。 彌罵曰：「屠各子，豈有帝王之意邪？」 遂與曜有隙，引兵東屯項關。 前司隸校尉劉暾說彌曰：「今九州糜沸，群雄競逐，將軍於漢建不世之功，又與始安王相失，將何以自容！ 不如東據本州，徐觀天下之勢，上可以混壹四海，下不失鼎峙之業，策之上者也。」 彌心然之。
Earlier, Liu Yao, Prince of Shi'an, resented Wang Mi for entering Luoyang ahead of him without waiting for his arrival. Wang Mi urged Liu Yao: "Luoyang stands at the center of the realm, ringed by mountains and rivers on every side; its walls and palaces need no rebuilding. Your Highness should advise the sovereign to move the capital here from Pingyang." Liu Yao replied that the realm was not yet settled, that Luoyang lay exposed to attack on every side and could not be defended, and so he rejected Wang Mi's plan and burned the city. Wang Mi cursed him: "You whelp of the Tuge—have you any mind to be an emperor?" From that point he and Liu Yao were estranged; Wang Mi led his troops east and encamped at Xiang Pass. Liu Tan, former Colonel of the Metropolitan Area, urged Wang Mi: "The Nine Provinces seethe and heroes vie for mastery; you have won unmatched merit for Han, yet you have quarreled with the Prince of Shi'an—how will you hold your place? Better to seize your home province in the east and watch how the realm unfolds: at best you may unite the four seas; at worst you will not lose the standing of a power that holds its ground—that is the highest strategy." Wang Mi was convinced.
83
司徒傅祗建行臺於河陰，司空荀籓在陽城，河南尹華薈在成皋，汝陰太守平陽李矩為之立屋，輸穀以給之。 薈，歆之曾孫也。
Grand Minister over the Masses Fu Zhi established a provisional court at Heyin; Minister of Works Xun Fan was at Yangcheng; Hua Hui, Administrator of Henan, was at Chenggao; Li Ju of Pingyang, Administrator of Runyin, built quarters for them and sent grain for their supply. Hui was the great-grandson of Hua Xin.
84
籓與弟組、族子中護軍崧，薈與弟中領軍恆，建行台於密，傳檄四方，推琅邪王睿為盟主。 籓承製以崧為襄城太守，矩為滎陽太守，前冠軍將軍河南褚翜為梁國內史。 揚威將軍魏浚屯洛北石樑塢，劉琨承制假浚河南尹，浚詣荀籓咨謀軍事。 籓邀李矩同會，矩夜赴之。 矩官屬皆曰：「浚不可信，不宜夜往。」 矩曰：「忠臣同心，何所疑乎！」 遂往，相與結歡而去。 浚族子該，聚眾據一泉塢，籓以為武威將軍。
Xun Fan, with his younger brother Zu and his clansman Xun Song, General of the Center Guard, and Hua Hui with his younger brother Hua Heng, General of the Center Army, established a provisional court at Mi, issued proclamations in all directions, and named Sima Rui, Prince of Langye, as alliance leader. Acting on provisional authority, Xun Fan appointed Xun Song Administrator of Xiangcheng, Li Ju Administrator of Xingyang, and Chu Shao of Henan, former Champion General, as Interior Minister of Liang. Wei Jun, General Who Displays Might, held the Shiliang Fort north of the Luo; Liu Kun, acting on provisional authority, made Wei Jun provisional Administrator of Henan; Wei Jun went to Xun Fan to consult on military affairs. Xun Fan invited Li Ju to a meeting; Li Ju went by night to keep the appointment. Li Ju's staff all said: "Wei Jun cannot be trusted—you should not go by night." Li Ju said: "Loyal ministers share one heart—what is there to doubt?" He went; the two men joined in good fellowship and parted. Wei Gai, a clansman of Wei Jun, gathered followers and held a spring fort; Xun Fan made him General of Martial Prestige.
85
豫章王端，太子詮之弟也，東奔倉垣，苟晞率群官奉以為皇太子，置行臺。 端承制以晞領太子太傅、都督中外諸軍、錄尚書事，自倉垣徙屯蒙城。
Sima Duan, Prince of Yuzhang and younger brother of Crown Prince Quan, fled east to Cangyuan; Gou Xi led the officials in installing him as crown prince and established a provisional court. Acting on provisional authority, Duan made Gou Xi Grand Tutor of the Crown Prince, Commander-in-Chief of all forces at home and abroad, and Recorder of the Masters of Writing; he moved his camp from Cangyuan to Mengcheng.
86
撫軍將軍秦王業，吳孝王之子，荀籓之甥也，年十二，南奔密，籓等奉之，南趣許昌。 前豫州刺史天水閻鼎，聚西州流民數千人於密，欲還鄉里。 荀籓以鼎有才而擁眾，用鼎為豫州刺史，以中書令李絲亙、司徒左長史彭城劉疇、鎮軍長史周顗、司馬李述等為之參佐。 顗，浚之子也。
Sima Ye, Prince of Qin and General Who Pacifies the Army, son of Liu Yan, Prince of Wu, and nephew of Xun Fan, was twelve years old; he fled south to Mi, and Xun Fan and the others escorted him south toward Xuchang. Yan Ding of Tianshui, former Inspector of Yu Province, gathered several thousand refugees from the western provinces at Mi, intending to return to their home districts. Because Yan Ding had talent and commanded a following, Xun Fan made him Inspector of Yu Province and appointed Li Sigen, Director of the Masters of Writing, Liu Chou of Pengcheng, Left Chief Clerk of the Grand Minister over the Masses, Zhou Yi, Chief Clerk of the Pacifying Army, Li Shu, Army Major, and others as his aides. Yi was the son of Zhou Jun.
87
時海內大亂，獨江東差安，中國士民避亂者多南渡江。 鎮東司馬王導說琅邪王睿收其賢俊，與之共事。 睿從之，辟手彖屬百餘人，時人謂之百六手彖。 以前穎川太守勃海刁協為軍咨祭酒，前東海太守王承、廣陵相卞壺為從事中郎，江寧令諸葛恢、歷陽參軍陳國陳頵為行參軍，前太傅手彖庚亮為西曹手彖。 承，渾之弟子； 恢，靚之子； 亮，兗之弟子也。
At this time the realm was in great disorder, but the lands east of the Yangzi alone were somewhat secure; many gentry and commoners of the Central Plains fled south across the river to escape the chaos. Wang Dao, Major of the Pacifying Army, urged Sima Rui, Prince of Langye, to gather the talented and outstanding among them and work with them. Rui followed his advice and recruited more than a hundred scribe-clerks; contemporaries dubbed them the Hundred-Six Scribes. He appointed Diao Xie of Bohai, former Administrator of Yingchuan, as Military Adviser and Sacrificial Officer; Wang Cheng, former Administrator of Donghai, and Bian Hu, Chancellor of Guangling, as Gentlemen of Attendance; Zhuge Hui, Magistrate of Jiangning, and Chen Yin of Chen, Staff Officer of Liyang, as Traveling Staff Officers; and Geng Liang, former scribe of the Grand Tutor, as Western Bureau Scribe. Cheng was a nephew of Wang Hun; Hui was the son of Zhuge Jing; Liang was a nephew of Geng Yan.
88
江州刺史華軼，歆之間孫也，自以受朝廷之命而為琅邪王睿所督，多不受其教令。 郡縣多諫之，軼曰：「吾欲見詔書耳。」 及睿承荀籓檄，承製署置官司，改易長吏，軼與豫州刺史裴憲皆不從命。 睿遣揚州刺史王敦、歷陽內史甘卓與揚烈將軍廬江周訪合兵擊軼。 軼兵敗，奔安成，訪追斬之，及其五子。 裴憲奔幽州。 睿以甘卓為湘州刺史，周訪為尋陽太守，又以揚武將軍陶侃為武昌太守。
Hua Yi, Inspector of Jiang Province and great-great-grandson of Hua Xin, considered himself appointed by the court yet subject to the supervision of Sima Rui, Prince of Langye, and often refused to obey his orders. Many in the commanderies and counties remonstrated with him; Yi said: "I wish only to see an imperial edict." When Rui, acting on Xun Fan's proclamation, assumed provisional authority to appoint officials and replace local administrators, both Yi and Pei Xian, Inspector of Yu Province, refused to obey. Rui sent Wang Dun, Inspector of Yang Province, Gan Zhuo, Interior Minister of Liyang, and Zhou Fang of Lujiang, General of Fierce Might, to combine forces and attack Yi. Yi's army was defeated; he fled to Ancheng; Zhou Fang pursued and executed him, together with his five sons. Pei Xian fled to You Province. Rui made Gan Zhuo Inspector of Xiang Province, Zhou Fang Administrator of Xunyang, and Tao Kan, General of Martial Prestige, Administrator of Wuchang.
89
秋，七月，王浚設壇告類，立皇太子，佈告天下，稱受中詔承制封拜，備置百官，列署征、鎮，以荀籓為太尉，琅邪王睿為大將軍。 浚自領尚書令，以裴憲及其婿棗嵩為尚書，以田征為兗州刺史，李惲為青州刺史。
In autumn, in the seventh month, Wang Jun set up an altar and reported to Heaven, installed a crown prince, and proclaimed it to the realm, declaring that he had received an edict from within the palace to assume provisional authority for enfeoffments and appointments; he fully established the bureaucracy and posted generals and commanders, making Xun Fan Grand Commandant and Sima Rui, Prince of Langye, Grand General. Wang Jun himself took charge as Director of the Masters of Writing; he made Pei Xian and his son-in-law Zao Song Masters of Writing; he made Tian Zheng Inspector of Yan Province and Li Yun Inspector of Qing Province.
90
南陽王模使牙門趙染戍薄板，染求馮翊太守不得而怒，帥眾降漢，漢主聰以染為平西將軍。 八月，聰遣染與安西將軍劉雅帥騎二萬攻模於長安，河內王粲、始安王曜帥大眾繼之。 染敗模兵於潼關，長驅至下邽。 涼州將北宮純自長安帥其眾降漢。 漢兵圍長安，模遣淳於定出戰而敗。 模倉庫虛竭，士卒離散，遂降於漢。 趙染送模於河內王粲； 九月，粲殺模。 關西饑饉，白骨蔽野，士民存者百無一二。 聰以始安王曜為車騎大將軍、雍州牧，更封中山王，鎮長安。 以王彌為大將軍，封齊公。
Sima Mo, Prince of Nanyang, had his gate officer Zhao Ran garrison Bo Gate; Ran, angry at not being made Administrator of Fufeng, led his followers in surrendering to Han; Han ruler Liu Cong made Ran General Who Pacifies the West. In the eighth month, Liu Cong sent Ran together with Liu Ya, General Who Pacifies the West, leading twenty thousand cavalry to attack Mo at Chang'an; Liu Can, Prince of Henei, and Liu Yao, Prince of Shi'an, followed with a great host. Ran defeated Mo's army at Tong Pass and drove straight to Xia Gui. Beigong Chun, a general of Liang Province, led his followers from Chang'an in surrendering to Han. Han troops besieged Chang'an; Mo sent Chunyu Ding out to give battle and was defeated. Mo's storehouses were empty, his soldiers scattered, and he surrendered to Han. Zhao Ran escorted Mo to Liu Can, Prince of Henei; In the ninth month, Liu Can executed Mo. In the lands west of the Pass famine raged; white bones covered the fields, and scarcely one or two in a hundred of the gentry and commoners survived. Liu Cong made Liu Yao, Prince of Shi'an, General of Chariots and Cavalry and Governor of Yong Province, changed his fief to Prince of Zhongshan, and stationed him at Chang'an. He made Wang Mi Grand General and enfeoffed him as Duke of Qi.
91
苟晞驕奢苛暴，前遼西太守閻亨，纘之子也，數諫晞，晞殺之。 從事中郎明預有疾，自輿入諫。 晞怒曰：「我殺閻亨，何關人事，而輿病罵我！」 預曰：「明公以禮待預，故預以禮自盡。 今明公怒預，其如遠近怒明公何！ 桀為天子，猶以驕暴而亡，況人臣乎！ 願明公且置是怒，思預之言。」 晞不從。 由是眾心離怨，加以疾疫、饑饉。 石勒攻王贊於陽夏，擒之。 遂襲蒙城，執及豫章王晞端，鎖晞頸，以為左司馬。 漢主聰拜勒幽州牧。
Gou Xi was arrogant, extravagant, harsh, and violent; Yan Heng, former Administrator of Liaoxi and son of Yan Ji, repeatedly remonstrated with him, and Gou Xi killed him. Ming Yu, Attendant Gentleman, was ill and had himself carried in a litter to remonstrate. Gou Xi said in anger: "I killed Yan Heng—what business is that of other men, that you come in a sick litter to revile me?" Yu said: "Your Excellency treated me with courtesy, so I answered with courtesy to the full. Now Your Excellency is angry with me—what of the anger of men near and far at Your Excellency? Jie was Son of Heaven yet still perished through arrogance and violence—how much more a subject! I beg Your Excellency to set aside this anger for the moment and consider my words." Gou Xi did not listen. From this the hearts of the multitude turned away in resentment, and pestilence and famine were added besides. Shi Le attacked Wang Zan at Yangxia and captured him. He then raided Mengcheng, seized Gou Xi and Sima Duan, Prince of Yuzhang, put a collar on Gou Xi's neck, and made him Left Major. Han ruler Liu Cong appointed Shi Le Governor of You Province.
92
王彌與勒，外相親而內相忌，劉暾說彌使召曹嶷之兵以圖勒，彌為書，使暾召嶷，且邀勒兵共向青州。 暾至東阿，勒游騎獲之，勒潛殺暾而彌不知。 會彌將徐邈、高梁輒引所部兵去，彌兵漸衰。 彌聞勒擒苟晞，心惡之，以書賀勒曰：「公獲苟晞而用之，何其神也！ 使晞為公左，彌為公右，天下不足定也。」 勒謂張賓曰：「王公位重而言卑，其圖我必矣。」 賓因勸勒乘彌小衰，誘而取之。 時勒方與乞活陳午相攻於蓬關，彌亦與劉瑞相持甚急。 彌請救於勒，勒未之許。 張賓曰：「公常恐不得王公之便，今天以王公授我矣。 陳午小豎，不足憂； 王公人傑，當早除之。」 勒乃引兵擊瑞，斬之。 彌大喜，謂勒實親己，不復疑也。 冬，十月，勒請彌燕於己吾。 彌將往，長史張嵩諫，不聽。 酒酣，勒手斬彌而並其眾，表漢主聰，稱彌叛逆。 聰大怒，遣使讓勒「專害公輔，有無君之心」，然猶加勒鎮東大將軍、督並、幽二州諸軍事、領并州刺史，以慰其心。 苟晞、王贊潛謀叛勒，勒殺之，並晞弟純。
Wang Mi and Shi Le were outwardly friendly yet inwardly suspicious of each other; Liu Tan urged Wang Mi to summon Cao Ni's troops to plot against Shi Le; Wang Mi wrote a letter, had Liu Tan summon Cao Ni, and also invited Shi Le's troops to march together toward Qing Province. When Liu Tan reached Dong'e, Shi Le's patrol riders captured him; Shi Le secretly killed Liu Tan, and Wang Mi knew nothing of it. Just then Wang Mi's generals Xu Miao and Gao Liangzhe led their own units away; Wang Mi's army gradually weakened. When Wang Mi heard that Shi Le had captured Gou Xi, he was displeased at heart and wrote to congratulate Shi Le: "Your Lordship captured Gou Xi and put him to use—how inspired! Let Gou Xi be your left hand and Mi your right—the realm would not be hard to settle." Shi Le said to Zhang Bin: "Lord Wang holds high rank yet speaks humbly—he surely plots against me." Zhang Bin therefore urged Shi Le to take advantage of Wang Mi's slight decline, lure him in, and seize him. At this time Shi Le was attacking Chen Wu of the Qihuo at Peng Pass, and Wang Mi was also locked in fierce combat with Liu Rui. Wang Mi asked Shi Le for rescue; Shi Le did not agree. Zhang Bin said: "Your Lordship has always feared that you would not get a chance at Lord Wang—today Heaven has delivered Lord Wang to us. Chen Wu is a mere stripling—not worth worrying over; Lord Wang is a man of heroic stature and should be removed early." Shi Le then led troops to attack Liu Rui and beheaded him. Wang Mi was greatly pleased, believing that Shi Le was truly friendly to him, and no longer harbored suspicion. In winter, in the tenth month, Shi Le invited Wang Mi to a banquet at Jiwu. Wang Mi was about to go; Zhang Song, Chief Clerk, remonstrated, but he would not listen. When the wine had gone deep, Shi Le personally beheaded Wang Mi and absorbed his followers; he memorialized Han ruler Liu Cong, declaring that Wang Mi had rebelled. Liu Cong was greatly angered and sent an envoy to rebuke Shi Le for "killing a high minister on his own authority, harboring a heart without a lord," yet still added to Shi Le's titles as General Who Pacifies the East, Commander of all military affairs in Bing and You provinces, and concurrent Inspector of Bing Province, to soothe his heart. Gou Xi and Wang Zan secretly plotted to rebel against Shi Le; Shi Le executed them and also Gou Xi's younger brother Chun.
93
勒引兵掠豫州諸郡，臨江而還，屯於葛陂。
Shi Le led troops to plunder the commanderies of Yu Province, reached the river, and returned; he encamped at Gebei.
94
初，勒之為人所掠賣也，與其母王氏相失。 劉琨得之，並其從子虎送於勒，因遺勒書曰：「將軍用兵如神，所向無敵。 所以周流天下而無容足之地，百戰百勝而無尺寸之功者，蓋得主則為義兵，附逆則為賊眾故也。 成敗之數，有似呼吸，吹之則寒，噓之則溫。 今相授侍中、車騎大將軍、領護匈奴中郎將、襄城郡公，將軍其受之！」 勒報書曰：「事功殊途，非腐儒所知。 君當逞節本朝，吾自夷難為效。」 遺琨名馬、珍寶，厚禮其使，謝而絕之。
Earlier, when Shi Le had been captured and sold into bondage, he and his mother Lady Wang were separated. Liu Kun captured her and, together with Shi Le's nephew Hu, sent them to Shi Le; he also sent Shi Le a letter: "The general's use of troops is divine, and none can stand before you. The reason you roam the realm yet have nowhere to stand, win a hundred battles yet gain no measure of merit, is simply this: when you serve a true lord you are a righteous army, but when you attach yourself to rebels you become a band of brigands. Fortune in victory and defeat shifts like breath on the skin—a puff and one grows cold, a warm exhale and one grows warm. I now confer on you Attendant Within, Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, Protector of the Xiongnu Commandant, and Duke of Xiangcheng—General, accept these offices!" Shi Le wrote back: "Merit and duty follow different paths—beyond what bookish pedants can grasp. You should hold fast to your integrity in your own dynasty's service; I for my part will settle turmoil as my contribution." He sent Kun fine horses and precious treasures, lavished gifts on his envoy, thanked him—and refused.
95
時虎年十七，殘忍無度，為軍中患。 勒白母曰：「此兒凶暴無賴，使軍人殺之，聲名可惜，不若自除之。」 母曰：「快牛為犢，多能破車，汝小忍之！」 及長，便弓馬，勇冠當時。 勒以為征虜將軍，每屠城邑，鮮有遺類。 然御眾嚴而不煩，莫敢犯者，指授攻討，所向無前，勒遂寵任之。 勒攻滎陽太守李矩，矩擊卻之。
At the time Hu was seventeen—cruel beyond all bounds and a plague upon the army. Shi Le told his mother: "This boy is savage and utterly lawless. If I had the soldiers kill him, my reputation would suffer—it is better I remove him myself." His mother said: "A spirited ox sires a calf that often wrecks the cart—bear with him awhile!" When he came of age, he mastered bow and horse, and his courage outstripped every man of his generation. Shi Le made him General Who Conquers Barbarians; whenever a city fell to him, scarcely a soul was left alive. Yet in command he was stern without being burdensome—none dared cross him; wherever he directed an assault, nothing stood before him, and Shi Le came to favor and rely on him. Shi Le attacked Li Ju, Administrator of Xingyang; Ju beat him back.
96
初，南陽王模以從事中郎綝為馮翊太守。 綝，靖之子也。 模死，綝與安夷護軍金城麴允、頻陽令梁肅，俱奔安定。 時安定太守賈疋與諸氐、羌皆送任子於漢，綝等遇之於陰密，擁還臨涇，與疋謀興復晉室，疋從之。 乃共推疋為平西將軍，帥眾五萬向長安。 雍州刺史麴特、新平太守竺恢皆不降於漢，聞疋起兵，與扶風太守梁綜帥眾十萬會之。 綜，肅之兄也。 漢河內王粲在新豐，使其將劉雅、趙染攻新平，不克。 索綝救新平，大小百戰，雅等敗退。 中山王曜與疋等戰於黃丘，曜眾大敗。 疋遂襲漢梁州刺史彭蕩仲，殺之。 麴特等擊破粲於新豐，粲還平陽。 於是疋等兵勢大振，關西胡、晉翕然響應。
Earlier, Sima Mo, Prince of Nanyang, had made Suo Lin, Attendant of the Masters of Writing, Administrator of Fengyi. Suo Lin was Suo Jing's son. After Mo died, Suo Lin fled to Anding with Qu Yun of Jincheng, Protector of Anyi, and Liang Su, Magistrate of Pinyang. At the time Jia Pi, Administrator of Anding, and various Di and Qiang chiefs were all sending hostages to Han; Suo Lin and his party met them at Yinmi, forced them back to Linjing, and joined Pi in plotting to restore the Jin dynasty—Pi agreed. They jointly made Pi General Who Pacifies the West and marched fifty thousand men on Chang'an. Qu Te, Inspector of Yong Province, and Zhu Hui, Administrator of Xinping, had both refused to submit to Han; when they heard Pi had risen, they joined Liang Zong, Administrator of Fufeng, at the head of a hundred thousand men. Liang Zong was Liang Su's elder brother. Wang Can, Prince of Henei of Han, was at Xinfeng; he sent Liu Ya and Zhao Ran against Xinping, but they could not take it. Suo Lin relieved Xinping; after a hundred battles large and small, Liu Ya and the others were beaten back. Liu Yao, Prince of Zhongshan, fought Jia Pi and his allies at Huangqiu; Yao's army was routed. Pi then struck Peng Dangzhong, Han Governor of Liang Province, and killed him. Qu Te and the others routed Wang Can at Xinfeng, and Can fell back to Pingyang. Thereupon Pi and his allies grew mighty in arms, and Hu and Jin throughout the Guanxi region rallied to them as one.
97
閻鼎欲奉秦王業入關，據長安以號令四方； 河陰令傅暢，祗之子也，亦以書勸之，鼎遂行。 荀籓、劉疇、周敳、李述等，皆山東人，不欲西行，中途逃散； 鼎遣兵追之，不及，殺李絲亙等。 鼎與業自宛趣武關，遇盜於上洛，士卒敗散，收其餘眾，進至藍田，使人告賈疋，疋遣兵迎之； 十二月，入於雍城，使梁綜將兵衛之。
Yan Ding wished to escort Ye, Prince of Qin, through the passes, hold Chang'an, and from there command the realm; Fu Chang, Magistrate of Heyin—Fu Zhi's son—also urged it in a letter, and Ding set out. Xun Fan, Liu Chou, Zhou Yi, Li Shu, and the rest were all men of Shandong and did not wish to go west; midway they broke away and fled; Ding sent troops after them but could not catch them; he killed Li Sigeng and others. Ding and Ye marched from Wan toward Wuguan; at Shangluo they met bandits and the troops were routed; gathering what remained, they pressed on to Lantian and sent word to Jia Pi, who dispatched troops to meet them; In the twelfth month they entered Yong City; Liang Zong was put in command of the troops guarding them.
98
周顗奔琅邪王睿，睿以顗為軍諮祭酒。 前騎都尉譙國桓彝亦避亂過江，見睿微弱，謂敳曰：「我以中州多故，來此求全，而單弱如此，將何以濟！」 既而見王導，共論世事，退，謂顗曰：「向見管夷吾，無復憂矣！」
Zhou Yi fled to Sima Rui, Prince of Langya; Rui made him Army Advisor and Libationer. Former Commandant of the Rapid Cavalry Huan Yi of Qiao also fled the chaos and crossed the Yangtze; seeing how weak Rui was, he said to Zhou Yi: "I came south seeking refuge because the Central Plains are in turmoil—and yet we are this feeble; how can we succeed!" Later he met Wang Dao and they talked over the state of the realm; on his return he said to Zhou Yi: "I have just met a Guan Zhong—there is nothing left to worry about!"
99
諸名士相與登新亭游宴，周顗中坐歎曰：「風景不殊，舉目有江河之異！」 因相視流涕。 王導愀然變色曰：「當共戮力王室，克復神州，何至作楚囚對泣邪！」 眾皆收淚謝之。
The leading scholars gathered at the New Pavilion for a feast; Zhou Yi, seated among them, sighed and said: "The view is unchanged, yet everywhere one looks the rivers and mountains are not the same!" At that they looked at one another and wept. Wang Dao's face darkened as he said: "We should join our strength for the royal house and reconquer the Central Realm—why act like captive men of Chu, weeping in each other's faces!" All wiped away their tears and apologized to him.
100
陳頵遺王導書曰：「中華所以傾弊者，正以取才失所，先白望而後實事，浮競驅馳，互相貢薦，言重者先顯，言輕者後敘，遂相波扇，乃至陵遲。 加有莊、老之俗，傾惑朝廷，養望者為弘雅，政事者為俗人，王職不恤，法物墜喪。 夫欲制遠，先由近始。 今宜改張，明賞信罰，拔卓茂於密縣，顯朱邑於桐鄉，然後大業可舉，中興可冀耳。」 導不能從。
Chen Yin wrote Wang Dao: "The Central States collapsed because talent was misplaced—empty reputation came first, real achievement afterward; men raced one another in vain ambition, trading recommendations back and forth; those whose words carried weight rose first, those whose words weighed less came later—until the fashion spread and the realm sank into ruin. On top of this came the Zhuangzi–Laozi fashion, which bewitched the court: those who cultivated reputation passed for refined elegance, those who handled affairs were dismissed as vulgar—royal duties went untended and the institutions of state crumbled. To govern what is distant, one must begin with what is near. Now the policy must change—rewards and punishments made clear and trustworthy; raise up a Zhuo Mao from Miyi County, display a Zhu Yi at Tongxiang—then the great enterprise can be attempted and restoration may yet be hoped for." Dao could not act on his advice.
101
劉琨長於招懷而短於撫御，一日之中，雖歸者數千，而去者亦相繼。 琨遣子遵請兵於代公猗盧，又遣族人高陽內史希合眾於中山，幽州所統代郡、上谷、廣寧之民多歸之，眾至三萬。 王浚怒，遣燕相胡矩督諸軍，與遼西公段疾陸眷共攻希，殺之，驅略三郡士女而去。 疾陸眷，務勿塵之子也。 猗盧遣其子六修將兵助琨戍新興。
Liu Kun excelled at winning people over but fell short at holding them: in a single day thousands might come to him, yet departures followed one after another. Kun sent his son Zun to request troops from Yilu, Duke of Dai, and dispatched his clansman He, Interior Administrator of Gaoyang, to gather forces at Zhongshan; the people of Dai, Shanggu, and Guangning under You Province flocked to him until his force reached thirty thousand. Wang Jun was furious; he sent Hu Ju, Chancellor of Yan, at the head of the armies, joining Duan Jilujuan, Duke of Liaoxi, to attack He, kill him, and carry off the people of the three commanderies. Duan Jilujuan was the son of Wuwuchen. Yilu sent his son Liujiu with troops to help Kun hold Xinxing.
102
琨牙門將邢延以碧石獻琨，琨以與六修，六修復就延求之，不得，執延妻子。 延怒，以所部兵襲六修，六修走，延遂以新興附漢，請兵以攻并州。
Xing Yan, Liu Kun's Major of the Barracks, presented Kun with a piece of green jade; Kun gave it to Liujiu, who then went back to Yan to demand it again—when Yan refused, Liujiu seized his wife and children. Yan was enraged; he led his own troops against Liujiu, who fled; Yan then submitted Xinxing to Han and asked for troops to attack Bing Province.
103
李臻之死也，遼東附塞鮮卑素喜連、木丸津托為臻報仇，攻陷諸縣，殺掠士民，屢敗郡兵，連年為寇。 東夷校尉封釋不能討，請與連和，連、津不從。 民失業，歸慕容廆者甚眾，廆稟給遣還，願留者即撫存之。
After Li Zhen's death, the frontier Xianbei of Liaodong—Su Xilian and Muwanjin—claimed vengeance for Zhen as their pretext, overran the districts, killed and plundered the people, repeatedly routed the commandery troops, and raided year after year. Feng Shi, Colonel of the Eastern Yi, could not suppress them and sued for peace with Su Xilian; Su Xilian and Muwanjin refused. The people lost their livelihoods; great numbers fled to Murong Hui, who supplied them with grain and sent them home—those who wished to stay he settled and cared for.
104
廆少子鷹揚將軍翰言於廆曰：「自古有為之君，莫不尊天子以從民望，成大業。 今連、津外以寵本為名，內實幸災為亂。 封使君已誅本請和，而寇暴不已。 中原離亂，州師不振，遼東荒散，莫之救恤，單于不若數其罪而討之。 上則興復遼東，下則併吞二部，忠義彰於本朝，私利歸於我國，此霸王之基也。」 廆笑曰：「孺子乃能及此乎！」 遂帥眾東擊連、津，以翰為前鋒，破斬之，盡並二部之眾。 得所掠民三千餘家，及前歸廆者悉以付郡，遼東賴以復存。
Murong Han, Hui's youngest son and General Who Displays the Hawk's Pride, said to Hui: "Since antiquity, every ruler who achieved anything has honored the Son of Heaven to win the people's trust and build a great enterprise. Now Su Xilian and Muwanjin outwardly take favoring Zhen as their banner, but inwardly they rejoice in disaster and stir rebellion. Commissioner Feng has already put the ringleaders to death and sued for peace, yet their raiding never ceases. The Central Plains are torn by chaos, provincial armies cannot respond, Liaodong lies wasted and scattered—with none to rescue or succor it. Great Chanyun, you had best enumerate their crimes and chastise them. Above, you would restore Liaodong; below, you would absorb both tribes; loyalty and righteousness would shine before the court, and gain would accrue to our state—this is the foundation of hegemony." Hui smiled and said: "Can a lad really see this far!" Thereupon he led his forces east against Su Xilian and Muwanjin, with Han as vanguard; he defeated and killed them and fully absorbed both tribes. The more than three thousand households they had seized, together with those who had earlier fled to Hui, he all restored to the commandery, and Liaodong was thereby saved.
105
封釋疾病，屬其孫弈於廆。 釋卒，廆召弈與語，說之，曰：「奇士也！」 補小都督。 釋子冀州主簿悛、幽州參軍抽來奔喪。 廆見之，曰：「此家抎抎千斤犍也。」 以道不通，喪不得還，皆留仕廆，廆以抽為長史，悛為參軍。 王浚以妻舅崔毖為東夷校尉。 毖，琰之曾孫也。」
Feng Shi fell ill and entrusted his grandson Yi to Hui. When Shi died, Hui summoned Yi to talk with him, was delighted, and said: "An extraordinary man!" He made him Junior Commander. Shi's sons Quan, chief clerk in Ji Province, and Chou, army aide in You Province, came to attend the funeral. Hui saw them and said: "This family turns out thousand-jin bullocks, one after another." Because the roads were blocked, they could not return with the funeral train; all remained to serve Hui, who made Chou Chief Clerk and Quan Army Aide. Wang Jun appointed his wife's brother Cui Bi Colonel of the Eastern Yi. Cui Bi was Cui Yan's great-grandson.”