1
資治通鑑第089卷
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 89
2
【晉紀十一】起閼逢閹茂，盡柔兆困敦，凡三年。
[Jin Annals 11] From Qiefeng Yanmao through Rouzhao Kundun—three years in all.
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孝愍皇帝下建興二年（ 甲戌，公元三一四年）
Second year of Jianxing of Emperor Min ( year Jiaxu, AD 314)
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春，正月，辛未，有如日隕於地； 又有三日相承，出西方而東行。
In spring, the first month, on the day xinwei, something like the sun fell to the ground; Three suns also appeared in succession, emerging in the west and traveling east.
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丁丑，大赦。
On the day dingchou, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
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有流星出牽牛，入紫微，光燭地，墜於平陽北，化為肉，長三十步，廣二十七步。 漢主聰惡之，以問公卿。 陳元達以為：「女寵太盛，亡國之征。」 聰曰：「此陰陽之理，何關人事！」 聰後劉氏賢明，聰所為不道，劉氏每規正之。 己丑，劉氏卒，謚曰武宣。 自是嬖寵競進，後宮無序矣。
A meteor shot out from the Ox, entered the Purple Forbidden Enclosure, and lit the ground; it fell north of Pingyang and turned into a mass of flesh thirty paces long and twenty-seven paces wide. The Han ruler Liu Cong took it as an ill omen and asked his high ministers what it meant. Chen Yuanda said, "Excessive favor toward women is a sign that the state will perish." Cong replied, "That is a matter of yin and yang—what does it have to do with human affairs?" Cong's empress, Lady Liu, was worthy and wise; whenever Cong behaved wickedly, she would admonish and correct him. On the day jichou, Lady Liu died; she was given the posthumous name Wuxuan. From then on favored women vied for advancement, and order in the inner palace was lost.
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聰置丞相等七公； 又置輔漢等十六大將軍，各配兵二千，以諸子為之； 又置左右司隸，各領戶二十餘萬，萬戶置一內史； 單于左右輔，各主六夷十萬落，萬落置一都尉； 左、右選曹尚書，並典選舉。 自司隸以下六官，皆位亞僕射。 以其子粲為丞相、領大將軍、錄尚書事，進封晉王。 江都王延年錄尚書六條事，汝陰王景為太師，王育為太傅，任顗為太保，馬景為大司徒，朱紀為大司空，中山王曜為大司馬。 壬辰，王子春等及王浚使者至襄國，石勒匿其勁卒、精甲，羸師虛府以示之，北面拜使者而受書。 浚遺勒麈尾，勒陽不敢執，懸之於壁，朝夕拜之，曰：「我不得見王公，見其所賜，如見公也。」 復遣董肇奉表於浚，期以三月中旬親詣幽州奉上尊號； 亦修箋於棗嵩，求并州牧、廣平公。
Cong created seven grandee ranks including Chancellor; he also appointed sixteen great generals such as Fu-Han, each with two thousand troops under command, and gave these posts to his sons; he also set up Left and Right Directors of Retainers, each supervising more than two hundred thousand households, with one Interior Minister for every ten thousand households; Left and Right Assistants to the Chanyu, each in charge of one hundred thousand camps of the Six Barbarian peoples, with one commandant appointed for every ten thousand camps; Left and Right Directors of Selection, both responsible for appointments. From the Directors of Retainers on down, all six offices ranked just below the Vice Ministers. He appointed his son Can Chancellor, Grand General-in-Chief, and Recorder of the Masters of Writing, and advanced him to Prince of Jin. Prince of Jiangdu Yan Nian recorded the six categories of Masters of Writing business; Prince of Ruyin Jing became Grand Preceptor; Wang Yu Grand Tutor; Ren Yi Grand Protector; Ma Jing Grand Minister of Agriculture; Zhu Ji Grand Minister of Works; and Prince of Zhongshan Yao Grand Marshal. On the day renchen, Wang Zichun and Wang Jun's envoy reached Xiangguo. Shi Le hid his crack troops and fine armor, displayed only weak soldiers and empty storehouses, bowed north toward the envoy, and accepted the letter. Jun sent Le a deer-tail fly-whisk. Le feigned that he dared not hold it, hung it on the wall, and bowed to it morning and evening, saying, "Though I cannot see my lord, to see what he gave is like seeing my lord himself." He again sent Dong Zhao to present a memorial to Jun, promising to come in person to Youzhou by mid-third month to offer him the exalted title; He also wrote to Zao Song asking for the governorship of Bingzhou and the title Duke of Guangping.
8
勒問浚之政事於王子春，子春曰：「幽州去歲大水，人不粒食，浚積粟百萬，不能賑贍，刑政苛酷，賦役殷煩，忠賢內離，夷狄外叛。 人皆知其將亡，而浚意氣自若，曾無懼心，方更置立台閣，布列百官，自謂漢高、魏武不足比也。」 勒撫幾笑曰：「王彭祖真可擒也。」 浚使者還薊，具言「石勒形勢寡弱，款誠無二。」 浚大悅，益驕怠，不復設備。
Le asked Wang Zichun about Jun's governance. Zichun said, "Last year Youzhou suffered devastating floods and people had no grain to eat. Jun had a million piculs of grain in store but would not relieve them. His punishments were harsh, his taxes and corvée burdens crushing; worthy men deserted him within, and the barbarians rebelled without. Everyone knows he is doomed, yet Jun remains self-assured and unafraid; he is even setting up terrace offices and arranging a full bureaucracy, declaring that even Han Gaozu and Cao Cao cannot compare with him." Le stroked the armrest and laughed, "Wang Pengzu can truly be taken." Jun's envoy returned to Ji and reported at length that "Shi Le's forces are few and weak and his submission wholly sincere." Jun was greatly pleased, grew still more arrogant and negligent, and made no further preparations for defense.
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楊虎掠漢中吏民以奔成，梁州人張鹹等起兵逐楊難敵。 難敵去，鹹以其地歸成，於是漢嘉、涪陵、漢中之地皆為成有。 成主雄以李鳳為梁州刺史，任回為寧州刺史，李恭為荊州刺史。
Yang Hu plundered the officials and people of Hanzhong and fled to Cheng; Zhang Xian of Liangzhou and others raised troops to drive out Yang Nandi. When Nandi left, Xian surrendered the territory to Cheng, and the regions of Hanjia, Fuling, and Hanzhong all fell to Cheng. Cheng ruler Li Xiong appointed Li Feng Governor of Liangzhou, Ren Hui Governor of Ningzhou, and Li Gong Governor of Jingzhou.
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雄虛己好賢，隨才授任； 命太傅驤養民於內，李鳳等招懷於外； 刑政寬簡，獄無滯囚； 興學校，置史官。 其賦民，男丁歲谷三斛，女丁半之，疾病又半之。 戶調絹不過數丈，綿數兩。 事少役希，民多富實，新附者皆給復除。 是時天下大亂，而蜀獨無事，年谷屢熟，乃至閭門不閉，路不拾遺。 漢嘉夷王沖歸、朱提審炤、建寧爨疆皆歸之。 巴郡嘗告急，雲有晉兵。 雄曰：「吾常憂琅邪微弱，遂為石勒所滅，以為耿耿，不圖乃能舉兵，使人欣然。」 然雄朝無儀器，爵位濫溢； 吏無祿秩，取給於民； 軍無部伍，號令不肅； 此其所短也。
Xiong was humble and loved worthy men, appointing people according to their talents; he had Grand Tutor Xiang nurture the people at home while Li Feng and others won people over abroad; penal policy was lenient and simple, and no prisoners languished in jail; he founded schools and appointed historiographers. Taxes on the people were three hu of grain per adult male each year, half that for females, and half again for the sick. Household levies in silk amounted to no more than a few zhang, and in cotton to no more than a few liang. Public business was light and corvée rare; most people were prosperous; and all who newly submitted were granted tax and corvée exemptions. While the empire was in chaos, Shu alone was at peace; harvests were repeatedly good, so that people left their gates unbarred and no one picked up lost goods on the roads. Chong Gui, Yi king of Hanjia; Shen Zhao of Zhuti; and Cuan Jiang of Jianning all submitted to him. Bajun once sent an urgent report that Jin troops were approaching. Xiong said, "I have long feared that the house of Langye was too weak and would be destroyed by Shi Le; it has weighed on my mind. I never expected them to be able to take up arms—this is heartening news." Yet Xiong's court lacked ritual regalia, and titles and ranks were handed out without restraint; officials had no fixed salaries and lived off the people; the army had no proper formations, and orders were not strictly enforced; these were his shortcomings.
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二月，壬寅，以張軌為太尉、涼州牧，封西平郡公； 王浚為大司馬、都督幽、冀諸軍事； 荀組為司空、領尚書左僕射兼司隸校尉，行留台事； 劉琨為大將軍、都督并州諸軍事。 朝廷以張軌老病，拜其子實為副刺史。
In the second month, on the day renyin, Zhang Gui was appointed Grand Commandant and Governor of Liangzhou and enfeoffed as Duke of Xiping; Wang Jun was appointed Grand Marshal and Commander-in-Chief of all military affairs in You and Ji; Xun Zu was appointed Minister of Works, concurrently Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing and Director of Retainers, and handled affairs of the remnant court at Luoyang; Liu Kun was appointed Grand General and Commander-in-Chief of all military affairs in Bingzhou. Because Zhang Gui was old and ill, the court appointed his son Shi Vice Governor.
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石勒纂嚴，將襲王浚，而猶豫未發。 張賓曰：「夫襲人者，當出其不意。 今軍嚴經日而不行，豈非畏劉琨及鮮卑、烏桓為吾後患乎？」 勒曰：「然。 為之奈何？」 賓曰：「彼三方智勇無及將軍者，將軍雖遠出，彼必不敢動，且彼未謂將軍便能懸軍千里取幽州也。 輕軍往返，不出二旬，藉使彼雖有心，比其謀議出師，吾已還矣。 且劉琨、王浚，雖同名晉臣，實為仇敵。 若修箋於琨，送質請和，琨必喜我之服而快浚之亡，終不救浚而襲我也。 用兵貴神速，勿後時也。」 勒曰：「吾所未了，右候已了之，吾復何疑！」
Shi Le marshaled his troops to attack Wang Jun but hesitated and did not march. Zhang Bin said, "A surprise attack must catch the enemy off guard. The army has been under strict orders for days yet has not moved—is it not because you fear Liu Kun and the Xianbei and Wuhuan as a threat to your rear?" Le said, "That is so. What should we do about it?" Bin said, "None of those three rivals matches you in wisdom or courage. Though you march far away, they will not dare move; moreover they will not believe you can lead an army a thousand li to seize Youzhou. A light force can go and return within twenty days; even if they mean to act, by the time they debate and march out, we will already be back. Besides, Liu Kun and Wang Jun, though both Jin ministers in name, are in fact enemies. If you send Kun a letter and hostages seeking peace, he will rejoice at our submission and be glad to see Jun fall; in the end he will not rescue Jun but attack us instead. In war, speed is everything—do not miss the moment." Le said, "What I had not yet resolved, you have already resolved—what further doubt can I have!"
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遂以火宵行，至柏人，殺主簿游綸，以其兄統在范陽，恐洩軍謀故也。 遣使奉箋送質於劉琨，自陳罪惡，請討浚以自效。 琨大喜，移檄州郡，稱「己與猗盧方議討勒，勒走伏無地，求拔幽都以贖罪。 今便當遣六修南襲平陽，除僭偽之逆類，降知死之逋羯。 順天副民，翼奉皇家，斯乃曩年積誠靈祐之所致也！」
He then marched by torchlight at night. Reaching Bairen, he killed Registrar You Lun because Lun's elder brother Tong was at Fanyang and he feared the plan would be disclosed. He sent envoys with a letter and hostages to Liu Kun, confessing his crimes and offering to attack Jun to prove his loyalty. Kun was greatly pleased and issued a proclamation to the provinces, saying, "I am just now planning with Tuoba Yilu to attack Le; Le has nowhere to hide and asks to seize Youzhou to atone for his crimes. I shall now send Liuxiu south against Pingyang to destroy the usurping rebels and subdue the fugitive Jie who know they are doomed. Obeying Heaven, aiding the people, and supporting the imperial house—this is the fruit of years of accumulated sincerity and divine favor!"
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三月，勒軍達易水，王浚督護孫緯馳遣白浚，將勒兵拒之，游統禁之。 浚將佐皆曰：「胡貪而無信，必有詭計，請擊之。」 浚怒曰：「石公來，正欲奉戴我耳； 敢言擊者斬！」 眾不敢復言。 浚設饗以待之。 壬申，勒晨至薊，叱門者開門； 猶疑有伏兵，先驅牛羊數千頭，聲言上禮，實欲塞諸街巷。 浚始懼，或坐或起。 勒既入城，縱兵大掠，浚左右請御之，浚猶不許。 勒升其聽事，浚乃走出堂皇，勒眾執之。 勒召浚妻，與之並坐，執浚立於前。 浚罵曰：「胡奴調乃公，何凶逆如此！」 勒曰：「公位冠元台，手握強兵，坐觀本朝傾覆，曾不救援，乃欲自尊為天子，非凶逆乎！ 又委任奸貪，殘虐百姓，賊害忠良，毒遍燕土，此誰之罪也！」 使其將王洛生以五百騎先送浚於襄國。 浚自投於水，束而出之，斬於襄國市。
In the third month, Le's army reached the Yi River. Wang Jun's supervisor Sun Wei urgently reported that Le was advancing to attack, but You Tong forbade any response. Jun's generals and aides all said, "The barbarians are greedy and untrustworthy; this must be a trick—please attack them." Jun angrily said, "Lord Shi is coming precisely to install me as emperor; whoever dares speak of attacking shall be beheaded!" No one dared speak again. Jun prepared a feast to welcome him. On the day renshen, Le reached Ji at dawn and ordered the gatekeepers to open the gates; still fearing ambush, he first drove several thousand cattle and sheep ahead, claiming they were tribute but in fact to block the streets. Jun began to fear, rising and sitting uneasily. Once Le entered the city, he let his troops plunder freely. Jun's attendants begged to resist, but Jun still refused. Le ascended to Jun's audience hall. Jun fled to the main hall, and Le's troops seized him. Le summoned Jun's wife, sat beside her, and had Jun held standing before them. Jun cursed, "Barbarian slave, you dare mock your lord—how can you be so vicious and rebellious!" Le said, "You held the highest office and commanded a strong army, yet sat by while the dynasty collapsed without lifting a finger, and wished to make yourself emperor—is that not vicious rebellion! You entrusted the wicked and greedy, cruelly abused the people, harmed the loyal, and spread misery throughout Yan—whose fault is that!" He had his general Wang Luosheng escort Jun to Xiangguo ahead of him with five hundred horsemen. Jun threw himself into the water; they bound him, pulled him out, and beheaded him in the market at Xiangguo.
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勒殺浚麾下精兵萬人，浚將佐等爭詣軍門謝罪，饋賂交錯； 前尚書裴憲、從事中郎荀綽獨不至，勒召而讓之曰：「王浚暴虐，孤討而誅之，諸人皆來慶謝，二君獨與之同惡，將何以逃其戮乎！」 對曰：「憲等世仕晉朝，荷其榮祿，浚雖凶粗，猶是晉之籓臣，故憲等從之，不敢有貳。 明公苟不修德義，專事威刑，則憲等死自其分，又何逃乎！ 請就死。」 不拜而出。 勒召而謝之，待以客禮。 綽，勖之孫也。 勒數朱碩、棗嵩等以納賄亂政，為幽州患，責游統以不忠所事，皆斬之。 籍浚將佐、親戚家貲，皆至巨萬，惟裴憲、荀綽止有書百餘帙，鹽米各十餘斛而已。 勒曰：「吾不喜得幽州，喜得二子。」 以憲為從事中郎，綽為參軍。 分遣流民，各還鄉里。 勒停薊二日，焚浚宮殿，以故尚書燕國劉翰行幽州刺史，戍薊，置守宰而還。 孫緯遮擊之，勒僅而得免。
Le killed ten thousand of Jun's crack troops. Jun's generals and aides all rushed to the camp gate to beg pardon, gifts and bribes flowing in profusion; Former Master of Writing Pei Xian and Attendant Gentleman Xun Chuo alone did not come. Le summoned and rebuked them: "Wang Jun was brutal and tyrannical; I campaigned against him and executed him. Everyone else came to congratulate me—why do you two alone share his guilt? How will you escape death!" They replied, "We have served the Jin dynasty for generations and received its honors. Though Jun was brutal, he was still a Jin feudatory minister; we followed him and dared not be disloyal. If you will not cultivate virtue but rely solely on severity and punishment, then death is our proper lot—how could we escape! We ask only to die." Without bowing, they went out. Le summoned them back and apologized, treating them as honored guests. Chuo was the grandson of Xun Xu. Le listed the crimes of Zhu Shuo, Zao Song, and others for taking bribes and corrupting government, bringing ruin to Youzhou; he blamed You Tong for disloyalty to his master—and all were beheaded. The property of Jun's generals, aides, and kin was inventoried; all had fortunes in the tens of thousands, but Pei Xian and Xun Chuo had only a little over a hundred scrolls of books and a little over ten hu each of salt and grain. Le said, "I am not pleased to have gained Youzhou; I am pleased to have gained these two men." He appointed Xian Attendant Gentleman and Chuo Army Aide. He sent the displaced people home, each to his native district. Le stayed at Ji two days, burned Jun's palaces, made former Master of Writing Liu Han of Yan acting Governor of Youzhou, left a garrison and local officials at Ji, and withdrew. Sun Wei intercepted and attacked him; Le barely escaped.
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勒至襄國，遣使奉王浚首獻捷於漢，漢以勒為大都督、督陝東諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、東單于，增封十二郡； 勒固辭，受二郡而已。
Le reached Xiangguo and sent envoys with Wang Jun's head to report victory to Han. Han appointed Le Grand Commander-in-Chief, Commander-in-Chief of all military affairs east of the Pass, General of Agile Cavalry, and Eastern Chanyu, and added twelve commanderies to his fief; Le firmly declined and accepted only two commanderies.
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劉琨請兵於拓跋猗盧以擊漢，會猗盧所部雜胡萬餘家謀應石勒，猗盧悉誅之，不果赴琨約。 琨知石勒無降意，乃大懼，上表曰：「東北八州，勒滅其七； 先朝所授，存者惟臣。 勒據襄國，與臣隔山，朝發夕至，城塢駭懼，雖懷忠憤，力不從願耳！」
Liu Kun asked Tuoba Yilu for troops to attack Han, but more than ten thousand households of mixed peoples under Yilu plotted to join Shi Le. Yilu executed them all and failed to honor his pact with Kun. Knowing Shi Le had no intention of submitting, Kun was greatly afraid and submitted a memorial: "Of the eight northeastern provinces, Le has destroyed seven; of what the former court granted, only I remain. Le holds Xiangguo, separated from me only by mountains; he can strike from dawn to dusk, and every fortress is terrified. Though I harbor loyal rage, my strength cannot match my will!"
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劉翰不欲從石勒，乃歸段匹磾，匹磾遂據薊城。 王浚從事中郎陽裕，耽之兄子也，逃奔令支，依段疾陸眷。 會稽朱左車、魯國孔纂、泰山胡母翼自薊逃奔昌黎，依慕容廆。 是時中國流民歸廆者數萬家，廆以冀州人為冀陽郡，豫州人為成周郡，青州人為營丘郡，并州人為唐國郡。 初，王浚以邵續為樂陵太守，屯厭次。 浚敗，續附於石勒，勒以續子乂為督護。 浚所署勃海太守東萊劉胤棄郡依續，謂續曰：「凡立大功，必杖大義。 君，晉之忠臣，奈何從賊以自污乎！」 會段匹磾以書邀續同歸左丞相睿，續從之。 其人皆曰：「今棄勒歸匹磾，其如乂何？」 續泣曰：「我豈得顧子而為叛臣哉！」 殺異議者數人。 勒聞之，殺乂。 續遣劉胤使江東，睿以胤為參軍，以續為平原太守。 石勒遣兵圍續，匹磾使其弟文鴦救之，勒引去。
Liu Han refused to follow Shi Le and went over to Duan Pidi, who then seized Jicheng. Wang Jun's Attendant Gentleman Yang Yu, a nephew of Yang Dan, fled to Lingzhi and attached himself to Duan Jilujuan. Zhu Zuoche of Kuaiji, Kong Zuan of Lu, and Humu Yi of Taishan fled from Ji to Changli and attached themselves to Murong Hui. At this time tens of thousands of refugee households from China submitted to Hui. He organized them into Jiyang Commandery for people from Jizhou, Chengzou for Yuzhou, Yingqiu for Qingzhou, and Tangguo for Bingzhou. Earlier, Wang Jun had appointed Shao Xu Governor of Leling, stationed at Yanci. When Jun was defeated, Xu submitted to Shi Le, who made Xu's son Yi his supervisor. Liu Yin of Donglai, whom Jun had appointed Governor of Bohai, abandoned his commandery and joined Xu, saying, "To achieve great merit one must rely on great righteousness. You are a loyal minister of Jin—how can you follow bandits and defile yourself!" When Duan Pidi invited Xu by letter to return together to Left Chancellor Rui, Xu agreed. His men all said, "If we now abandon Le and return to Pidi, what will become of Yi?" Xu wept and said, "How could I care for my son and become a rebel!" He killed several who dissented. When Le heard of it, he killed Yi. Xu sent Liu Yin as envoy to the lower Yangtze. Rui made Yin Army Aide and Xu Governor of Pingyuan. Shi Le sent troops to besiege Xu. Pidi sent his younger brother Wenying to rescue him, and Le withdrew.
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襄國大饑，谷二升直銀一斤，肉一斤直銀一兩。
There was great famine in Xiangguo: two sheng of grain cost one jin of silver, and one jin of meat one liang of silver.
20
杜苾將王真襲陶侃於休障，侃奔灄中。 周訪救侃，擊苾兵，破之。
Du Bi's general Wang Zhen attacked Tao Kan at Xiuzhang; Kan fled to Tanzhong. Zhou Fang rescued Kan, attacked Bi's troops, and defeated them.
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夏，五月，西平武穆公張軌寢疾，遺令：「文武將佐，務安百姓，上思報國，下以寧家。」 己丑，軌薨； 長史張璽等表世子實攝父位。
In summer, the fifth month, Zhang Gui, Duke of Xiping, fell gravely ill and left instructions: "Civil and military officers must secure the people, think above of serving the state, and below of settling their households." On the day jichou, Gui died; Chief Clerk Zhang Xi and others memorialized that the heir Shi should act in his father's place.
22
漢中山王曜、趙染寇長安。 六月，曜屯渭汭，染屯新豐，索綝將兵出拒之。 染有輕綝之色，長史魯徽曰：「晉之君臣，自知強弱不敵，將致死於我，不可輕也。」 染曰：「以司馬模之強，吾取之如拉朽； 索綝小豎，豈能污吾馬蹄、刀刃邪！」 晨，帥輕騎數百逆之，曰：「要當獲綝而後食。」 綝與戰於城西，染兵敗而歸，悔曰：「吾不用魯徽之言以至此，何面目見之！」 先命斬徽。 徽曰：「將軍愚愎以取敗，乃復忌前害勝，誅忠良以逞忿，猶有天地，將軍其得死於枕席乎！」 詔加索綝驃騎大將軍、尚書左僕射、錄尚書，承製行事。
Han Prince of Zhongshan Yao and Zhao Ran raided Chang'an. In the sixth month, Yao encamped at the Wei bend, Ran at Xinfeng, and Suo Jin led troops out to resist them. Ran looked down on Jin. Chief Clerk Lu Hui said, "The Jin ruler and ministers know they are outmatched and will fight to the death—we must not take them lightly." Ran said, "With Sima Mo's strength, I took him as easily as pulling rotten wood apart; Suo Jin is a little fellow—how could he stain my horse's hooves or my blade!" At dawn he led several hundred light horsemen to meet him, saying, "I must capture Jin before I eat." Jin fought him west of the city. Ran was defeated and returned, regretting, "I did not heed Lu Hui's words and came to this—what face have I to see him!" He first ordered Hui beheaded. Hui said, "You were stupid and obstinate and met defeat, yet now you resent one who foresaw victory and execute the loyal to vent your rage—while Heaven still stands, will you die in your bed!" An edict added to Suo Jin the titles General of Agile Cavalry, Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, and Recorder of the Masters of Writing, with authority to act by imperial order.
23
曜、染復與將軍殷凱帥眾數萬向長安，麴允逆戰於馮翊，允敗，收兵； 夜，襲凱營，凱敗死。 曜乃還攻河內太守郭默於懷，列三屯圍之。 默食盡，送妻子為質，請糴於曜； 糴畢，復嬰城固守。 曜怒，沉默妻子於河而攻之。 默欲投李矩於新鄭，矩使其甥郭誦迎之。 兵少，不敢進。 會劉琨遣參軍張肇帥鮮卑五百餘騎詣長安，道阻不通，還，過矩營，矩說肇，使擊漢兵。 漢兵望見鮮卑，不戰而走，默遂帥眾歸矩。 漢主聰召曜還屯蒲板。
Yao and Ran again joined General Yin Kai leading tens of thousands toward Chang'an. Qu Yun met them at Fengyi, was defeated, and withdrew; at night he raided Kai's camp; Kai was defeated and killed. Yao then returned to attack Guo Mo, Governor of Henei, at Huai, setting up three camps to besiege him. When Mo's food ran out, he sent his wife and children as hostages and asked to buy grain from Yao; when the grain arrived, he again shut the city and held firm. Yao was enraged, drowned Mo's wife and children in the river, and attacked. Mo wished to go over to Li Ju at Xinzheng; Ju sent his nephew Guo Song to welcome him. Their troops were few and they dared not advance. Meanwhile Liu Kun sent Army Aide Zhang Zhao with more than five hundred Xianbei horsemen toward Chang'an. The road was blocked, so they returned, passed Ju's camp, and Ju persuaded Zhao to attack the Han troops. The Han troops saw the Xianbei and fled without fighting; Mo then led his followers to Ju. Han ruler Cong recalled Yao to encamp at Puban.
24
秋，趙染攻北地，麴允拒之，染中弩而死。
In autumn, Zhao Ran attacked Beidi. Qu Yun resisted him, and Ran was hit by a crossbow bolt and died.
25
石勒始命州郡閱實戶口，戶出帛二匹，谷二斛。
Shi Le first ordered the provinces and commanderies to verify household registers: each household was to provide two bolts of silk and two hu of grain.
26
冬，十月，以張實為都督涼州諸軍事、涼州刺史、西平公。
In winter, the tenth month, Zhang Shi was made Commander-in-Chief of all military affairs in Liangzhou, Governor of Liangzhou, and Duke of Xiping.
27
十一月，漢主聰以晉王粲為相國、大單于，總百揆。 粲少有俊才，自為宰相，驕奢專恣，遠賢親佞，嚴刻愎諫，國人始惡之。
In the eleventh month, Han ruler Cong made Prince of Jin Can Chancellor and Grand Chanyu, overseeing all government. Can had outstanding talent from youth. Once he became Chancellor he grew arrogant, extravagant, and willful, kept the worthy at a distance and drew flatterers close, and was harsh and obstinate against remonstrance—the people began to hate him.
28
周勰以其父遺言，因吳人之怨，謀作亂； 使吳興功曹徐馥矯稱叔父丞相從事中郎札之命，收合徒眾，以討王導、刁協，豪傑翕然附之，孫皓族人弼亦起兵於廣德以應之。
Zhou Xie, relying on his father's dying words and Wu resentment, plotted rebellion; he had Wu Xing Registrar Xu Fu falsely claim orders from his uncle, Chancellor's Attendant Gentleman Zha, to gather followers and attack Wang Dao and Diao Xie. Heroes flocked to him, and Sun Hao's clansman Bi also raised troops at Guangde in response.
29
孝愍皇帝下建興三年（ 乙亥，公元三一五年）
Third year of Jianxing of Emperor Min ( year Yihai, AD 315)
30
春，正月，徐馥殺吳興太守袁琇，有眾數千，欲奉周札為主。 札聞之，大驚，以告義興太守孔侃。 勰知札意不同，不敢發。 馥黨懼，攻馥，殺之； 孫弼亦死。 札子續亦聚眾應馥，左丞相睿議發兵討之。 王導曰：「今少發兵則不足以平寇，多發兵則根本空虛。 續族弟黃門侍郎莚，忠果有謀，請獨使莚往，足以誅續。」 睿從之。 莚晝夜兼行，至郡，將入，遇續於門，謂續曰：「當與君共詣孔府君，有所論。」 續不肯入，莚牽逼與俱。 坐定，莚謂孔侃曰：「府君何以置賊在坐？」 續衣中常置刀，即操刀逼莚，莚叱郡傳教吳曾格殺之。 莚因欲誅勰，札不聽，委罪於從兄邵而誅之。 莚不歸家省母，遂長驅而去，母狼狽追之。 睿以札為吳興太守，莚為太子右衛率。 以周氏吳之豪望，故不窮治，撫勰如舊。
In spring, the first month, Xu Fu killed Wu Xing Governor Yuan Xiu and gathered several thousand followers; he wished to install Zhou Zha as leader. When Zha heard of it he was greatly alarmed and told Yixing Governor Kong Kan. Xie knew Zha's mind was not with him and did not dare act. Fu's faction grew afraid, attacked Fu, and killed him; Sun Bi also died. Zha's son Xu also gathered followers to join Fu; Left Chancellor Rui considered sending troops against him. Wang Dao said, "If we send few troops they will not be enough to suppress the rebels; if we send many our base will be left empty. Xu's clansman, Palace Attendant Zhou Yan, is loyal, resolute, and resourceful. Send Yan alone—he will be enough to kill Xu." Rui agreed. Yan traveled day and night, reached the commandery, and was about to enter when he met Xu at the gate and said, "Come with me to Administrator Kong—there is something to discuss." Xu would not enter; Yan pulled and forced him to go along. When they were seated, Yan said to Kong Kan, "My lord, why do you seat a rebel here?" Xu always kept a knife in his clothes; he immediately drew it and pressed on Yan. Yan shouted for the commandery instructor Wu Zeng to strike and kill him. Yan then wished to execute Xie; Zha would not permit it and shifted blame to his cousin Shao, who was executed. Yan did not return home to visit his mother but drove straight on; his mother pursued him in disarray. Rui made Zha Governor of Wu Xing and Yan Right Commandant of the Crown Prince's Guard. Because the Zhou clan was a great power in Wu, he did not pursue the matter to the end but treated Xie as before.
31
詔平東將軍宋哲屯華陰。
An edict ordered General Who Pacifies the East Song Zhe to encamp at Huayin.
32
成主雄立後任氏。
Cheng ruler Li Xiong established Lady Ren as empress.
33
二月，丙子，以琅邪王睿為丞相、大都督、督中外諸軍事，南陽王保為相國，荀組為太尉、領豫州牧，劉琨為司空、都督並、冀、幽三州諸軍事。 琨辭司空不受。
In the second month, on the day bingzi, Prince of Langye Rui was made Chancellor, Grand Commander-in-Chief, and Commander-in-Chief of all military affairs at home and abroad; Prince of Nanyang Bao Chancellor of State; Xun Zu Grand Minister of Works and concurrently Governor of Yuzhou; and Liu Kun Minister of Works and Commander-in-Chief of all military affairs in Bing, Ji, and You. Kun declined Minister of Works and did not accept it.
34
南陽王模之敗也，都尉陳安往歸世子保於秦州，保命安將千餘人討叛羌，寵待甚厚。 保將張春疾之，譖安，雲有異志，請除之，保不許； 春輒伏刺客以刺安。 安被創，馳還隴城，遣使詣保，貢獻不絕。
When Prince of Nanyang Mo was defeated, Commandant Chen An went to join the heir Bao in Qinzhou. Bao ordered An to lead more than a thousand men to suppress rebellious Qiang and treated him with great favor. Bao's general Zhang Chun envied him, slandered An as having ulterior designs, and asked that he be removed; Bao refused; Chun then secretly set assassins to stab An. An was wounded, galloped back to Longcheng, and continued sending envoys and tribute to Bao.
35
詔進拓跋猗盧爵為代王，置官屬，食代、常山二郡。 猗盧請并州從事雁門莫含於劉琨，琨遣之。 含不欲行，琨曰：「以并州單弱，吾之不材，而能自存於胡、羯之間者，代王之力也。 吾傾身竭貲，以長子為質而奉之者，庶幾為朝廷雪大恥也。 卿欲為忠臣，奈何惜共事之小誠，而忘徇國之大節乎？ 往事大王，為之腹心，乃一州之所賴也。」 含遂行。 猗盧甚重之，常與參大計。
An edict advanced Tuoba Yilu to Prince of Dai, established his staff, and granted him the revenues of Dai and Changshan commanderies. Yilu requested Bingzhou Registrar Mo Han of Yanmen from Liu Kun, and Kun sent him. Han did not wish to go. Kun said, "Bingzhou is isolated and weak; that I, unworthy as I am, can survive among the Hu and Jie is due to the Prince of Dai's power. I have poured out my person and wealth and offered my eldest son as hostage to serve him, hoping thereby to wash away the great shame of the court. You wish to be a loyal minister—how can you cherish small private loyalty and forget the great duty of serving the state? Go serve the prince as his trusted confidant—you will be what the whole province relies upon." Han then went. Yilu valued him highly and often consulted him on major plans.
36
猗盧用法嚴，國人犯法者，或舉部就誅，老幼相攜而行，人問：「何之？」 曰：「往就死。」 無一人敢逃匿者。
Yilu applied the law strictly; when people violated the law, sometimes whole clans went to execution, old and young leading one another along. Someone asked, "Where are you going?" They said, "To go and die." Not one dared flee or hide.
37
王敦遣陶侃、甘卓等討杜弢，前後數十戰，弢將士多死，乃請降於丞相睿，睿不許。 弢遺南平太守應詹書，自陳昔與詹「共討樂鄉，本同休戚。 後在湘中，懼死求生，遂相結聚。 倘以舊交之情，為明枉直，使得輸誠盟府，廁列義徒，或北清中原，或西取李雄，以贖前愆，雖死之日，猶生之年也！」 詹為啟呈其書，且言「弢，益州秀才，素有清望，為鄉人所逼。 今悔惡歸善，宜命使扶納，以息江、湘之民！」 睿乃使前南海太守王運受弢降，赦其反逆之罪，以弢為巴東監軍。 弢既受命，諸將猶攻之不已。 弢不勝憤怒，遂殺運復反，遣其將杜弘、張彥殺臨川內史謝擒，遂陷豫章。 三月，周訪擊彥，斬之，弘奔臨賀。
Wang Dun sent Tao Kan, Gan Zhuo, and others to attack Du Tao. After dozens of battles in which many of Tao's officers and soldiers died, he asked to surrender to Chancellor Rui, but Rui refused. Tao sent a letter to Nanping Governor Ying Zhan, stating that formerly with Zhan "we campaigned together at Le Township and shared the same weal and woe. Later, in Xiang province, fearing death and desperate to live, they banded together. If out of our old friendship you would set right what was wrong, let me pledge loyalty to the alliance government and stand among its righteous servants—whether by clearing the Central Plains in the north or taking Li Xiong in the west, to redeem my past crimes. Though I die, it would be as though I still lived!" Zhan forwarded the letter and added, "Tao, a licentiate of Yizhou, has long enjoyed a fine reputation and was driven to this by his countrymen. He now repents and turns to virtue. You should send envoys to receive and support him and give peace to the people of the Jiang and Xiang!" Rui then sent former Nanhai Governor Wang Yun to accept Tao's surrender, pardoned his rebellion, and appointed him Supervisor of the Army of Badong. Though Tao had accepted the appointment, the generals kept attacking without letup. Tao, unable to contain his fury, killed Yun and rebelled again. He sent his generals Du Hong and Zhang Yan to kill Linchuan Administrator Xie Qin and then took Yuzhang. In the third month, Zhou Fang attacked Zhang Yan, beheaded him, and Du Hong fled to Linhe.
38
漢大赦，改元建元。
Han proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the era name to Jianyuan.
39
雨血於漢東宮延明殿，太弟乂惡之，以問太傅崔瑋、太保許遐。 瑋、遐說乂曰：「主上往日以殿下為太弟者，欲以安眾心耳； 其志在晉王久矣，王公已下莫不希旨附之。 今復以晉王為相國，羽儀威重，逾於東宮，萬機之事，無不由之，諸王皆置營兵以為羽翼，事勢已去； 殿下非徒不得立也，朝夕且有不測之危，不如早為之計。 今四衛精兵不減五千，相國輕佻，正煩一刺客耳。 大將軍無日不出，其營可襲而取； 餘王並幼，固易奪也。 苟殿下有意，二萬精兵指顧可得，鼓行入雲龍門，宿衛之士，孰不倒戈以迎殿下者！ 大司馬不慮其為異也。」 乂弗從。 東宮舍人荀裕告瑋、遐勸乂謀反，漢主聰收瑋、遐於詔獄，假以他事殺之。 使冠威將軍卜抽將兵監守東宮，禁乂不聽朝會。 乂憂懼不知所為，上表乞為庶人，並除諸子之封，褒美晉王，請以為嗣； 抽抑而弗通。
Blood rained in Han's Eastern Palace at Yanming Hall. Grand Younger Brother Liu Yi took it as an ill omen and asked Grand Tutor Cui Wei and Grand Protector Xu Xia what it meant. Wei and Xia urged Yi, saying, "The sovereign made Your Highness Grand Younger Brother in the first place only to calm the people's hearts; his heart has long been set on the Prince of Jin. From the kings downward, all have read his wishes and rallied to him. Now the Prince of Jin has been made Chancellor again. His retinue and authority surpass the Eastern Palace's; every affair of state passes through him; every prince keeps camp troops as his wings. The tide has already turned against you; Your Highness will not merely fail to inherit the throne—you will soon face unpredictable danger morning and night. Better to act while there is still time. The four guards still have no fewer than five thousand elite troops. The Chancellor is frivolous and reckless—a single assassin would suffice. The Grand General goes out every day without fail. His camp can be seized in a surprise attack; the other princes are all young and would be easy to overpower. If Your Highness is willing, twenty thousand elite troops can be raised at a word. March with drums through the Cloud Dragon Gate—what palace guard would not drop his weapon to welcome you! The Grand Marshal would never suspect treason." Yi refused. Eastern Palace Attendant Xun Yu reported that Wei and Xia had urged Yi to rebel. Han ruler Liu Cong seized them in the imperial prison and killed them on trumped-up charges. He sent General of the Crown Prince's Military Might Bu Chou with troops to guard the Eastern Palace and barred Yi from attending court. Yi, fearful and at a loss, submitted a memorial asking to be reduced to commoner status, to have his sons' enfeoffments revoked, and praising the Prince of Jin, asked that he be made heir; Chou suppressed the memorial and would not forward it.
40
漢青州刺史曹嶷盡得齊、魯間郡縣，自鎮臨菑，有眾十餘萬，臨河置戍。 石勒表稱：「嶷有專據東方之志，請討之。」 漢主聰恐勒滅嶷，不可複製，弗許。
Han's Inspector of Qingzhou Cao Yi held all the commanderies and counties between Qi and Lu, made Linzi his base, mustered more than a hundred thousand men, and posted garrisons along the river. Shi Le submitted a memorial: "Cao Yi intends to hold the east on his own authority. I ask leave to attack him." Han ruler Liu Cong feared that if Shi Le destroyed Cao Yi, he could never be controlled again, and refused.
41
聰納中護軍靳准二女月光、月華，立月光為上皇后，劉貴妃為左皇后，月華為右皇后。 左司隸陳元達極諫，以為：「並立三後，非禮也。」 聰不悅，以元達為右光祿大夫，外示優崇，實奪其權。 於是太尉范隆等皆請以位讓元達，聰乃復以元達為御史大夫、儀同三司。 月光有穢行，元達奏之，聰不得已廢之，月光慚恚自殺，聰恨元達。
Liu Cong took the two daughters of Central Guard General Jin Zhun, Yueguang and Yuehua, as consorts. He made Yueguang Senior Empress, Consort Liu Left Empress, and Yuehua Right Empress. Left Director of the Masters of Writing Chen Yuanda remonstrated forcefully, saying, "To establish three empresses at once is against ritual." Liu Cong was displeased. He made Yuanda Grandee of Splendid Happiness on the Right—an outward honor that in fact stripped him of power. Thereupon Grand Commandant Fan Long and others all offered to yield their posts to Yuanda. Liu Cong then restored Yuanda as Censor-in-Chief with rank equal to the Three Excellencies. Yueguang had disgraceful conduct. Yuanda reported it, and Liu Cong had no choice but to depose her. Yueguang, shamed and enraged, killed herself, and Liu Cong came to hate Yuanda.
42
夏，四月，大赦。
In summer, in the fourth month, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
43
六月，盜發漢霸、杜二陵及薄太后陵，得金帛甚多，朝廷以用度不足，詔收其餘以實內府。
In the sixth month, tomb robbers broke into the Han tombs at Ba and Du and Empress Dowager Bo's tomb and took much gold and silk. Because state expenses were insufficient, the court ordered what remained collected for the inner treasury.
44
辛巳，大赦。
On xinsi, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
45
漢大司馬曜攻上黨，八月，癸亥，敗劉琨之眾於襄垣。 曜欲進攻陽曲，漢主聰遣使謂之曰：「長安未平，宜以為先。」 曜乃還屯蒲板。
Han Grand Marshal Liu Yao attacked Shangdang. In the eighth month, on guihai, he defeated Liu Kun's army at Xiangyuan. Yao wished to press on and attack Yangqu. Han ruler Liu Cong sent a messenger telling him, "Chang'an is not yet pacified. That must come first." Yao then withdrew and encamped at Puban.
46
陶侃與杜弢相攻，弢使王貢出挑戰，侃遙謂之曰：「杜弢為益州小吏，盜用庫錢，父死不奔喪。 卿本佳人，何為隨之！ 天下寧有白頭賊邪？」 貢初橫腳馬上，聞侃言，斂容下腳。 侃知可動，復遣使諭之，截發為信，貢遂降於侃。 弢眾潰，遁走，道死。 侃與南平太守應詹進克長沙，湘州悉平。 丞相睿承製赦其所部，進王敦鎮東大將軍，加都督江、揚、荊、湘、交、廣六州諸軍事、江州刺史。 敦始自選置刺史以下，浸益驕橫。
Tao Kan and Du Tao fought each other. Tao sent Wang Gong out to challenge. Kan called to him from afar, "Du Tao was a petty clerk in Yizhou who stole from the treasury and did not go home when his father died. You are a good man by nature—why follow him! Surely there are no bandits with white hair in this world?" Gong had been sitting cross-legged on his horse. Hearing Kan's words, he straightened up and lowered his leg. Kan saw that he could be swayed and sent envoys again to persuade him, cutting off his own hair as pledge. Gong then surrendered to Kan. Du Tao's army collapsed. He fled and died on the road. Kan and Nanping Governor Ying Zhan advanced and took Changsha. All of Xiang province was pacified. Chancellor Rui, acting on imperial authority, pardoned those under his command and promoted Wang Dun to Great General Who Pacifies the East, with added authority as commander-in-chief of military affairs in Jiang, Yang, Jing, Xiang, Jiao, and Guang and as Governor of Jiangzhou. Dun began appointing governors and lower officials on his own authority and grew ever more arrogant.
47
初，王如之降也，敦從弟稜愛如驍勇，請敦配己麾下。 敦曰：「此輩險悍難畜，汝性狷急，不能容養，更成禍端。」 稜固請，乃與之。 稜置左右，甚加寵遇。 如數與敦諸將角射爭鬥，稜杖之，如深以為恥。 及敦潛畜異志，稜每諫之。 敦怒其異己，密使人激如令殺稜。 如因閒宴，請劍舞為歡，稜許之。 如舞劍漸前，稜惡而呵之，如直前殺稜。 敦聞之，陽驚，亦捕如誅之。
Earlier, when Wang Ru surrendered, Dun's cousin Ling admired Ru's fierce courage and asked Dun to place him under his own command. Dun said, "Those men are treacherous and fierce and hard to control. Your nature is impetuous and narrow—you cannot keep them in hand. It will only breed disaster." Ling pressed his request, and Dun gave Ru to him. Ling kept Ru at his side and favored him greatly. Ru repeatedly competed in archery and quarreled with Dun's generals. Ling beat him with a staff, and Ru took it as a deep humiliation. When Dun secretly nursed rebellious ambitions, Ling admonished him repeatedly. Dun, angered that Ling opposed him, secretly sent someone to goad Ru into killing Ling. At a casual banquet Ru asked to perform a sword dance for amusement, and Ling agreed. As Ru danced he edged forward with his sword. Ling, displeased, shouted at him. Ru lunged forward and killed him. When Dun heard of it, he feigned shock and had Ru captured and executed as well.
48
初，朝廷聞張光死，以侍中第五猗為安南將軍，監荊、梁、益、寧四州諸軍事、荊州刺史，自武關出。 杜曾迎猗於襄陽，為兄子娶猗女，遂聚兵萬人，與猗分據漢、沔。
Earlier, when the court learned that Zhang Guang had died, it appointed Palace Attendant Di Yi General Who Pacifies the South, with authority over military affairs in Jing, Liang, Yi, and Ning and as Governor of Jingzhou, to march out from Wuguan. Du Zeng received Di Yi at Xiangyang, had his nephew marry Yi's daughter, gathered ten thousand troops, and with Yi divided control of the Han and Mian.
49
陶侃既破杜弢，乘勝進擊曾，有輕曾之志。 司馬魯恬諫曰：「凡戰，當先料其將。 今使君諸將，無及曾者，未易可逼也。」 侃不從，進圍曾於石城。 曾軍多騎兵，密開門突侃陳，出其後，反擊之，侃兵死者數百人。 曾將趨順陽，下馬拜侃，告辭而去。
After Tao Kan had defeated Du Tao, he pressed his victory against Du Zeng and held him in slight regard. Army Aide Lu Tian remonstrated, "In every battle one must first judge the enemy commander. None of your generals today equals Du Zeng. He cannot easily be forced." Kan would not listen and advanced to besiege Zeng at Shicheng. Zeng's army had many cavalry. He secretly opened the gate, burst into Kan's lines, got behind him, and counterattacked. Several hundred of Kan's men were killed. Zeng was about to march for Shunyang. He dismounted, bowed to Kan, took his leave, and went.
50
時荀崧都督荊州江北諸軍事，屯宛，曾引兵圍之。 崧兵少食盡，欲求救於故吏襄城太守石覽。 崧小女灌，年十三，帥勇士數十人，逾城突圍夜出，且戰且前，遂達覽所； 又為崧書，求救於南中郎將周訪。 訪遣子扶帥兵三千，與覽共救崧，曾乃遁去。
At the time Xun Song commanded military affairs north of the Yangzi in Jingzhou and was encamped at Wan. Du Zeng led troops to besiege him. Song's troops were few and provisions were exhausted. He wanted to seek help from his former subordinate Xiangcheng Governor Shi Lan. Song's young daughter Guan, thirteen years old, led several dozen brave men over the wall in a night breakout, fighting as she went, and reached Lan; she also wrote a letter for Song asking Zhou Fang, Colonel-in-Chief of the South, for help. Fang sent his son Fu with three thousand troops. Together with Lan they relieved Song, and Du Zeng withdrew.
51
曾復致箋於崧，求討丹水賊以自效，崧許之。 陶侃遺崧書曰：「杜曾凶狡，所謂『鴟梟食母之物』。 此人不死，州土未寧，足下當識吾言！」 崧以宛中兵少，藉曾為外援，不從。 曾復帥流亡二千餘人圍襄陽，數日，不克而還。
Du Zeng again wrote to Song offering to attack the bandits of Danshui to prove his loyalty, and Song agreed. Tao Kan wrote to Song, "Du Zeng is vicious and cunning—what people call 'the owl that eats its own mother. While this man lives, the province will never know peace. You must heed my words!" Song, with few troops at Wan and relying on Zeng as outside support, would not listen. Du Zeng again led more than two thousand displaced followers to besiege Xiangyang. After several days he failed to take it and withdrew.
52
王敦嬖人吳興錢鳳，疾陶侃之功，屢毀之。 侃將還江陵，欲詣敦自陳。 朱伺及安定皇甫方回諫曰：「公入必不出。」 侃不從。 既至，敦留侃不遣，左轉廣州刺史，以其從弟丞相軍咨祭酒廙為荊州刺史。 荊州將吏鄭攀、馬俊等詣敦，上書留侃，敦怒，不許。 攀等以侃始滅大賊，而更被黜，眾情憤惋； 又以廙忌戾難事，遂帥其徒三千人屯溳口，西迎杜曾。 溳為攀等所襲，奔於江安。 杜曾與攀等北迎第五猗以拒廙。 廙督諸軍討曾，復為曾所敗。 敦意攀承侃風旨，被甲持矛將殺侃，出而復還者數四。 侃正色曰：「使君雄斷，當裁天下，何此不決乎！」 因起如廁。 咨議參軍梅陶、長史陳頒言於敦曰：「周訪與侃親姻，如左右手，安有斷人左手而右手不應者乎！」 敦意解，乃設盛饌以餞之，侃便夜發，敦引其子瞻為參軍。
Wang Dun's favorite Qian Feng of Wu Xing, jealous of Tao Kan's achievements, repeatedly slandered him. As Kan was about to return to Jiangling, he wanted to visit Dun and explain himself. Zhu Si and Huangfu Fanghui of Anding remonstrated, "If you go in, you will surely not come out." Kan would not listen. Once he arrived, Dun detained him and would not let him go. He transferred Kan to Governor of Guangzhou and made his cousin Mei, the Chancellor's Army Consultation and Sacrificial Officer, Governor of Jingzhou. Jingzhou officers and officials Zheng Pan, Ma Jun, and others went to Dun and petitioned to keep Kan. Dun was angry and refused. Pan and the others, because Kan had just destroyed a great rebel only to be dismissed again, stirred public anger; and because Mei was harsh and difficult to serve, they led three thousand men to encamp at Yun Kou and went west to welcome Du Zeng. Mei was attacked by Pan and the others and fled to Jiang'an. Du Zeng and Pan and the others went north to welcome Di Yi and resist Mei. Mei commanded the armies against Du Zeng and was defeated by him again. Dun thought Pan was acting on Kan's orders. Armored and spear in hand, he was about to kill Kan, going out and coming back four times without doing it. Kan said gravely, "My lord, you are bold and decisive enough to judge the realm. Why this hesitation!" Then he rose and went to the privy. Consultation Official Army Aide Mei Tao and Chief Clerk Chen Ban said to Dun, "Zhou Fang and Kan are related by marriage, like left hand and right hand. Cut off a man's left hand—will the right not strike back?" Dun's anger eased. He set out a lavish feast to send Kan off. Kan left that same night, and Dun took his son Zhan on as Army Aide.
53
初，交州刺史顧秘卒，州人以秘子壽領州事。 帳下督梁碩起兵攻壽，殺之，碩遂專制交州。 王機自以盜據廣州，恐王敦討之，更求交州。 會杜弘詣機降，敦欲因機以討碩。 乃以降杜弘為機功，轉交州刺史。 機至鬱林，碩迎前刺史脩則子湛行州事以拒之。 機不得進，乃更與杜弘及廣州將溫邵、交州秀才劉沈謀復還據廣州。 陶侃至始興，州人皆言宜觀察形勢，不可輕進。 侃不聽，直至廣州，諸郡縣皆已迎機矣。 杜弘遣使偽降，侃知其謀，進擊弘，破之，遂執劉沈於小桂。 遣督護許高討王機，走之。 機病死於道，高掘其屍，斬之。 諸將皆請乘勝擊溫邵，侃笑曰：「吾威名已著，何事遣兵！ 但一函紙自定耳。」 乃下書諭之。 邵懼而走，追獲於始興。 杜弘詣王敦降，廣州遂平。
Earlier, Jiaozhou Inspector Gu Mi died, and the people of the province had Mi's son Shou take charge of affairs. Camp Supervisor Liang Shuo raised troops, attacked Shou, killed him, and then seized sole control of Jiaozhou. Wang Ji, having seized Guangzhou by force, feared Wang Dun would attack him and asked to be transferred to Jiaozhou instead. When Du Hong came to Wang Ji to surrender, Dun wanted to use Ji to attack Liang Shuo. He then appointed the surrendered Du Hong as Ji's lieutenant and transferred Ji to Governor of Jiaozhou. Ji reached Yulin. Shuo installed former governor Xiu Ze's son Zhan to conduct provincial affairs and resist him. Ji could not advance. He then plotted again with Du Hong, Guangzhou general Wen Shao, and Jiaozhou licentiate Liu Shen to return and seize Guangzhou. When Tao Kan reached Shixing, the people of the province all said he should watch the situation and not advance rashly. Kan would not listen. He pressed straight on to Guangzhou—but every commandery and county had already welcomed Wang Ji. Du Hong sent envoys feigning surrender. Kan saw through the ruse, attacked Hong, defeated him, and captured Liu Shen at Xiaogui. He sent Supervising Protector Xu Gao against Wang Ji and put him to flight. Ji died of illness on the road. Gao dug up his corpse and beheaded it. The generals all urged a follow-up strike against Wen Shao. Kan laughed and said, "My renown is already established—why send troops! A single letter will settle it." He then issued a letter of instruction. Shao fled in fear and was pursued and captured at Shixing. Du Hong went to Wang Dun to surrender, and Guangzhou was finally pacified.
54
侃在廣州無事，輒朝運百甓於齋外，暮運於齋內。 人問其故，答曰：「吾方致力中原，過爾優逸，恐不堪事，故自勞耳。
While Tao Kan had nothing to do in Guangzhou, each morning he carried a hundred bricks outside his study and each evening carried them back in. When people asked why, he answered, "I am about to devote myself to the Central Plains. If I grow too comfortable and idle, I fear I will not be able to bear hardship when it comes—so I wear myself out on purpose.
55
王敦以杜弘為將，寵任之。
Wang Dun made Du Hong a general and favored and trusted him.
56
九月，漢主聰使大鴻臚賜石勒弓矢，策命勒為陝東伯，得專征伐，拜刺史、將軍、守宰，封列候，歲盡集上。
In the ninth month, Han Sovereign Liu Cong sent the Grand Master of Ceremonies to bestow bows and arrows on Shi Le and issued an investiture appointing him Marquis of East Shan, with authority to campaign independently, appoint governors, generals, prefects, and magistrates, and enfeoff ranked marquises—all of whom were to assemble at court each year.
57
漢大司馬曜寇北地，詔以麴允為大都督、驃騎將軍以御之。 冬，十月，以索綝為尚書僕射、都督宮城諸軍事。 曜進拔馮翊，太守梁肅奔萬年。 曜轉寇上郡，麴允去黃白城，軍於靈武，以兵弱，不敢進。
Han Grand Marshal Liu Yao raided Beidi. An edict appointed Qu Yun Grand Commander and Flying Cavalry General to resist him. In winter, the tenth month, Suo Lin was made Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat and Commander of All Military Affairs of the Palace City. Yao advanced and took Fengyi. Administrator Liang Su fled to Wannian. Yao turned to raid Shang Commandery. Qu Yun left Huangbai City and encamped at Lingwu, but his forces were too weak to advance.
58
帝屢徵兵於丞相保，保左右皆曰：「蝮蛇螫手，壯士斷腕。 今胡寇方盛，且宜斷隴道以觀其變。」 從事中郎裴詵曰：「今蛇已螫頭，頭可斷乎！」 保乃以鎮軍將軍胡崧行前鋒都督，須諸軍集乃發。 麴允欲奉帝往就保，索綝曰：「保得天子，必逞其私志。」 乃止。 於是自長安以西，不復貢奉朝廷，百官饑乏，采穭以自存。
The Emperor repeatedly summoned troops from Chancellor Bao. Bao's attendants all said, "When a viper bites the hand, a strong man cuts off his wrist. Now the barbarian raiders are at their height. Better to cut the Long Road and watch how things develop. Consultation Official Pei Shen said, "Now the viper has bitten the head—can the head be cut off? Bao then made Army Stabilizing General Hu Song advance Vanguard Commander, to move only after all armies had assembled. Qu Yun wished to bring the Emperor to Bao. Suo Lin said, "If Bao gets the Son of Heaven, he will surely indulge his private ambitions. So they stopped. From Chang'an westward, tribute to the court ceased. Officials and officers went hungry and gathered wild grains to survive.
59
涼州軍士張冰得璽，文曰「皇帝行璽」，獻於張實，僚屬皆賀。 實曰：「是非人臣所得留。」 遣使歸於長安。
A Liangzhou soldier named Zhang Bing obtained a seal inscribed "Emperor's Traveling Seal" and presented it to Zhang Shi. His subordinates all congratulated him. Shi said, "This is not something a subject may keep. He sent envoys to return it to Chang'an."
60
孝愍皇帝下建興四年（ 丙子，公元三一六年）
Fourth year of Jianxing of Emperor Min ( year Bingzi, AD 316)
61
春，正月，司徒梁芬議追尊吳王晏，右僕射索綝等引魏明帝詔以為不可； 乃贈太保，謚曰孝。
In spring, the first month, Minister of Education Liang Fen proposed posthumously honoring Prince of Wu Liu Yan. Vice Director Suo Lin and others cited an edict of Emperor Ming of Wei to argue it was impermissible; they then granted him the posthumous title Grand Mentor and the posthumous name Xiao ("Filial").
62
漢中常侍王沈、宣懷、中宮僕射郭猗等，皆寵幸用事。 漢主聰游宴後宮，或三日不醒，或百日不出； 自去冬不視朝，政事一委相國粲，唯殺生、除拜乃使沈等入白之。 沈等多不白，而自以其私意決之，故勳舊或不敘，而奸佞小人有數日至二千石者。 軍旅歲起，將士無錢帛之賞，而後宮之家，賜及僮僕，動至數千萬。 沈等車服、第捨逾於諸王，子弟中表為守令者三十餘人，皆貪殘為民害。 靳准闔宗諂事之。
Han Palace Attendants Wang Shen and Xuan Huai, Palace Steward of the Inner Palace Guo Yi, and others—all were favored intimates who held real power. Han Sovereign Liu Cong feasted and played in the inner palace, sometimes drunk for three days straight, sometimes not emerging for a hundred days; since last winter he had not held court. All affairs were entrusted to Chancellor Liu Zan; only executions and appointments were reported to him through Shen and the others. Shen and the others often did not report these matters but decided them by their own whim—so meritorious veterans went unrewarded while villainous petty men could reach two-thousand-bushel rank within days. Campaigns were launched year after year, yet soldiers received no rewards in coin or silk—while consorts' families and even their servants received gifts running to tens of millions. Shen and the others' carriages, robes, and mansions surpassed those of the princes. More than thirty of their sons, nephews, and cousins-in-law served as prefects and magistrates—all greedy and cruel, a scourge to the people. Jin Zhun's entire clan flattered and served them.
63
郭猗與准皆有怨於太弟乂，猗謂相國粲曰：「殿下光文帝之世孫，主上之嫡子，四海莫不屬心，奈何欲以天下與太弟乎！ 且臣聞太弟與大將軍謀因三月上巳大宴作亂，事成，許以主上為太上皇，大將軍為皇太子，又許衛軍為大單于。 三王處不疑之地，並握重兵，以此舉事，無不成者。 然二王貪一時之利，不顧父兄，事成之後，主上豈有全理？ 殿下兄弟，固不待言； 東宮、相國、單于，當在武陵兄弟，何肯與人也！ 今禍期甚迫，宜早圖之。 臣屢言於主上，主上篤於友愛，以臣刀鋸之餘，終不之信。 願殿下勿洩，密表其狀。 殿下倘不信臣，可召大將軍從事中郎王皮、衛軍司馬劉惇，假之恩意，許其歸首以問之，必可知也。」 粲許之。 猗密謂皮、惇曰：「二王逆狀，主上及相國具知之矣，卿同之乎？」 二人驚曰：「無之。」 猗曰：「茲事已決，吾憐卿親舊並見族耳！」 因歔欷流涕。 二人大懼，叩頭求哀。 猗曰：「吾為卿計，卿能用之乎？ 相國問卿，卿但云『有之』； 若責卿不先啟，卿即云『臣誠負死罪。 然仰惟主上寬仁，殿下敦睦，苟言不見信，則陷於誣譖不測之誅，故不敢言也。』」 皮、惇許諾。 粲召問之，二人至不同時，而其辭若一，粲以為信然。
Guo Yi and Jin Zhun both bore grudges against Grand Younger Brother Liu Yi. Yi said to Chancellor Liu Zan, "Your Highness is a great-grandson of Emperor Guangwen and the sovereign's eldest son by the consort—in all the realm none fail to look to you. Why would you want to give the empire to the Grand Younger Brother? Moreover I hear the Grand Younger Brother and the Grand General are plotting rebellion at the Third Month Shangsi festival feast. If it succeeds, they promise to make the sovereign Retired Emperor, the Grand General Heir Apparent, and the Guard General Grand Chanyu. The three princes occupy positions beyond suspicion and together hold heavy armies. On that basis, rebellion could hardly fail. Yet the two princes, greedy for momentary gain and heedless of father and elder brother—once it succeeds, could the sovereign possibly survive intact? Your Highness and your brothers—need I say more; the Eastern Palace, the Chancellorship, and the Chanyu title would go to the brothers of Wuling—why would they give those to anyone else! Disaster is close at hand. You should plan early. I have repeatedly spoken to the sovereign, but he is steeped in brotherly affection. Considering me a man already under the knife and saw, he simply will not believe me. I beg Your Highness not to reveal this but secretly memorialize the facts. If Your Highness still does not believe me, summon the Grand General's Consultation Official Wang Pi and Guard General's Chief Clerk Liu Dun. Treat them with kindness, promise them pardon if they confess, and question them—you will surely know the truth. Zan agreed. Yi secretly said to Pi and Dun, "The two princes' treason—the sovereign and the Chancellor already know it all. Are you involved? The two men said in alarm, "We are not. Yi said, "This affair is already decided. I pity you and your kin—you will all be exterminated! And he sighed and wept. The two men were terrified and kowtowed begging for mercy. Yi said, "I have a plan for you—will you use it? When the Chancellor questions you, say only, 'We were involved.' If he reproaches you for not reporting it first, say, 'I truly deserve death. Yet considering the sovereign's generosity and Your Highness's kindness, if my words were not believed I would fall under unpredictable punishment for false accusation—so I dared not speak.' Pi and Dun agreed. Zan summoned and questioned them. Though the two arrived at different times, their words matched exactly—Zan believed it.
64
勒准復說粲曰：「殿下宜自居東宮，以領相國，使天下早有所繫。 今道路之言，皆雲大將軍、衛將軍欲奉太弟為變，期以季春； 若使太弟得天下，殿下無容足之地矣。」 粲曰：「為之奈何？」 准曰：「人告太弟為變，主上必不信。 宜緩東宮之禁，使賓客得往來； 太弟雅好待士，必不以此為嫌，輕薄小人不能無迎合太弟之意為之謀者。 然後下官為殿下露表其罪，殿下收其賓客與太弟交通者考問之，獄辭既具，則主上無不信之理也。」 粲乃命卜抽引兵去東宮。
Jin Zhun again urged Zan, saying, "Your Highness ought to take the Eastern Palace for yourself and thus head the Chancellorship, so that all under Heaven may soon have something to rely on. Now talk on the roads all says the Grand General and Guard General wish to install the Grand Younger Brother in rebellion, timed for late spring; if the Grand Younger Brother gets the empire, Your Highness will have nowhere to stand. Zan said, "What is to be done? Zhun said, "If someone reports the Grand Younger Brother's rebellion, the sovereign will surely not believe it. Relax restrictions on the Eastern Palace so guests may come and go; the Grand Younger Brother has always loved treating scholars well—he will surely not object. But frivolous petty men cannot fail to seek to please him and plot on his behalf. Then I will publicly memorialize his crimes for Your Highness. Seize the guests who consort with the Eastern Palace and interrogate them—once the case is complete, the sovereign will have no reason not to believe. Zan then ordered Bu Chou to withdraw troops from the Eastern Palace.
65
少府陳休、左衛將軍卜崇，為人清直，素惡沈等，雖在公座，未嘗與語，沈等深疾之。 侍中卜干謂休、崇曰：「王沈等勢力足以回天地，卿輩自料親賢孰與竇武、陳蕃？」 休、崇曰：「吾輩年逾五十，職位已崇，唯欠一死耳！ 死於忠義，乃為得所； 安能俛首低眉以事閹豎乎！ 去矣卜公，勿復有言！」
Minister of the Imperial Household Chen Xiu and Left Guard General Bu Chong were upright men who had long hated Shen and the others. Even in public assembly they never spoke with them—Shen and the others deeply resented this. Palace Attendant Bu Gan said to Xiu and Chong, "Wang Shen and the others have power enough to overturn heaven and earth. Do you measure yourselves against Dou Wu and Chen Fan in closeness to the throne? Xiu and Chong said, "We are already past fifty, our offices already high—we lack only death! To die for loyalty and righteousness is to die in the right place; how could we bow our heads and knit our brows to serve eunuch minions! Go, Lord Bu—say no more!"
66
二月，漢主聰出臨上秋閣，命收陳休、卜崇及特進綦毋達、太中大夫公彧、尚書王琰、田歆、大司農朱諧並誅之，皆宦官所惡也。 卜干泣諫曰：「陛下方側席求賢，而一旦戮卿大夫七人，皆國之忠良，無乃不可乎！ 藉使休等有罪，陛下不下之有司，暴明其狀，天下何從知之！ 詔尚在臣所，未敢宣露，願陛下熟思之！」 因叩頭流血。 王沈叱干曰：「卜侍中欲拒詔乎！」 聰拂衣而入，免干為庶人。
In the second month, Han Sovereign Liu Cong came out to the Shangqiu Pavilion and ordered the arrest of Chen Xiu, Bu Chong, Special Advisor Qimu Da, Palace Counselor Gong Yu, Secretaries Wang Yan and Tian Xin, and Minister of Finance Zhu Xie—all executed. All were hated by the eunuchs. Bu Gan remonstrated through tears, "Your Majesty has just begun to seek worthy men with an empty seat—yet in one stroke you slay seven ministers and great officers, all loyal pillars of the state. Surely this cannot be right! Even if Xiu and the others were guilty, if Your Majesty does not turn them over to the proper offices and openly establish their crimes, how would all under Heaven know? The edict is still in my possession—I have not dared publish it. I beg Your Majesty to think this through carefully! He kowtowed until blood flowed. Wang Shen shouted at Gan, "Does Palace Attendant Bu wish to resist the edict? Cong brushed his robes and went inside, demoting Gan to commoner.
67
太宰河間王易、大將軍勃海王敷、御史大夫陳元達、金紫光祿大夫西河王延等皆詣闕表諫曰：「王沈等矯弄詔旨，欺誣日月，內諂陛下，外佞相國，威權之重，侔於人主，多樹奸黨，毒流海內。 知休等忠臣，為國盡節，恐發其奸狀，故巧為誣陷。 陛下不察，遽加極刑，痛徹天地，賢愚傷懼。 今遺晉未殄，巴、蜀不賓，石勒謀據趙、魏，曹嶷欲王全齊，陛下心腹四支，何處無患！ 乃復以沈等助亂，誅巫咸，戮扁鵲，臣恐遂成膏盲之疾，後雖救之，不可及已。 請免沈等官，付有司治罪。」 聰以表示沈等，笑曰：「群兒為元達所引，遂成癡也。」 沈等頓首泣曰：「臣等小人，過蒙陛下識拔，得灑掃閨閣； 而王公、朝士疾臣等如仇，又深恨陛下。 願以臣等膏鼎鑊，則朝廷自然雍穆矣。」 聰曰：「此等狂言常然，卿何足恨乎！」 聰問沈等於相國粲，粲盛稱沈等忠清； 聰悅，封沈等為列候。
Grand Preceptor Prince of Hejian Liu Yi, Grand General Prince of Bohai Liu Fu, Censor-in-Chief Chen Yuanda, Grandee of Splendid Happiness Prince of Xihe Liu Yan, and others all came to the gate with memorials remonstrating: "Wang Shen and the others forge and twist imperial edicts, deceiving heaven and earth—flattering Your Majesty within while fawning on the Chancellor without. Their authority rivals the sovereign's. They have planted many villainous factions whose poison spreads across the seas. Knowing that Xiu and the others were loyal ministers who gave their all for the state, and fearing exposure of their own villainy, they craftily framed false charges. Your Majesty, failing to discern this, hastily imposed extreme punishment—pain piercing heaven and earth, the worthy and the simple alike stricken with fear. Now the remnant Jin is not yet destroyed, Ba and Shu have not submitted, Shi Le plots to hold Zhao and Wei, and Cao Yi wishes to rule all Qi—at the heart and limbs of Your Majesty's body, where is there no peril! Yet you again employ Shen and the others to aid disorder—executing Wu Xian and killing Bian Que. I fear you will end with an illness beyond remedy; though you may try to cure it later, it will be too late. We beg that Shen and the others be dismissed from office and handed to the proper authorities for punishment. Cong showed the memorial to Shen and the others and laughed, "These boys, led astray by Yuanda, have become fools. Shen and the others kowtowed weeping, "We petty men have unduly received Your Majesty's recognition and elevation, granted the honor of sweeping the inner chambers; yet the princes and court gentlemen hate us as enemies and deeply resent Your Majesty as well. We wish to be boiled in cauldrons—then the court would naturally be harmonious. Cong said, "Such mad talk is always happening—why should you resent it? Cong asked Chancellor Liu Zan about Shen and the others. Zan highly praised them as loyal and pure; Cong was pleased and enfeoffed Shen and the others as ranked marquises.
68
太宰易又詣闕上疏極諫，聰大怒，手壞其疏。 三月，易忿恚而卒。 易素忠直，陳元達倚之為援，得盡諫諍。 及卒，元達哭之慟，曰：「『人之雲亡，邦國殄悴。』 吾既不復能言，安用默默苟生乎！」 歸而自殺。
Grand Preceptor Liu Yi again came to the gate with a memorial of fierce remonstrance. Cong was furious and tore the memorial apart with his hands. In the third month, Yi died of rage and indignation. Yi had always been loyal and upright. Chen Yuanda had relied on him as support and so was able to remonstrate to the full. When he died, Yuanda mourned him bitterly and said, "'When good men perish, the state is laid waste. I can no longer speak out—what use is it to live on in silent submission!" He went home and took his own life.
69
初，代王猗盧愛其少子比延，欲以為嗣，使長子六修出居新平城，而黜其母。 六修有駿馬，日行五百里，猗盧奪之，以與比延。 六修來朝，猗盧使拜比延，六修不從。 猗盧乃坐比延於其步輦，使人導從出遊。 六修望見，以為猗盧，伏謁路左； 至，乃比延，六修慚怒而去。 猗盧召之不至，大怒，帥眾討之，為六修所敗。 猗盧微服逃民間，有賤婦人識之，遂為六修所弒。 拓跋普根先守外境，聞難來赴，攻六修，滅之。
Earlier, Tuoba Yilu, Prince of Dai, favored his younger son Biyan and wished to make him heir. He sent his eldest son Liuxiu to live at Xincheng and deposed Liuxiu's mother. Liuxiu owned a fine horse that could run five hundred li in a day. Yilu seized it and gave it to Biyan. When Liuxiu came to court, Yilu ordered him to bow to Biyan. Liuxiu refused. Yilu then seated Biyan on his own palanquin and sent attendants to escort him on an outing. Liuxiu saw them from afar, thought it was Yilu, and prostrated himself by the roadside to pay his respects; when they arrived it was Biyan. Ashamed and enraged, Liuxiu left. Yilu summoned him, but he would not come. Furious, Yilu led troops against him and was defeated by Liuxiu. Yilu fled in disguise among the common people. A lowborn woman recognized him, and Liuxiu had him assassinated. Tuoba Pugen, who had been guarding the frontier, heard of the crisis and came to help. He attacked Liuxiu and destroyed him.
70
普根代立，國中大亂，新舊猜嫌，迭相誅滅。 左將軍衛雄、信義將軍箕澹，久佐猗盧，為眾所附，謀歸劉琨，乃言於眾曰：「聞舊人忌新人悍戰，欲盡殺之，將奈何？」 晉人及烏桓皆驚懼，曰：「死生隨二將軍！」 乃與琨質子遵帥晉人及烏桓三萬家、馬牛羊十萬頭歸於琨。 琨大喜，親詣平城撫納之，琨兵由是復振。
Pugen succeeded to the throne. The state fell into great disorder; old and new factions suspected one another and slaughtered one another in turn. Left General Wei Xiong and Faithful Righteousness General Ji Dan, who had long served Yilu and were well regarded, planned to go over to Liu Kun. They said to the assembly, "We hear the old settlers envy the new arrivals' fierceness in battle and wish to kill them all. What are we to do?" The Jin people and Wuhuan were all alarmed and said, "Life and death follow the two generals!" They then, with Kun's hostage son Zun, led thirty thousand Jin and Wuhuan households and a hundred thousand head of horses, cattle, and sheep to join Kun. Kun was greatly pleased. He went in person to Pingcheng to receive and settle them, and his forces were thereby revived.
71
夏，四月，普根卒。 其子始生，普根母惟氏立之。
In summer, the fourth month, Pugen died. His son had just been born, and Pugen's mother, Lady Wei, installed him as ruler.
72
張實下令：所部吏民有能舉其過者，賞以布帛羊米。 賊曹佐高昌隗瑾曰：「今明公為政，事無鉅細，皆自決之，或興師發令，府朝不知； 萬一違失，謗無所分。 群下畏威，受成而已。 如此，雖賞之千金，終不敢言也。 謂宜少損聰明，凡百政事，皆延訪群下，使各盡所懷，然後采而行之，則嘉言自至，何必賞也！」 實悅，從之，增瑾位三等。 實遣將軍王該帥步騎五千入援長安，且送諸郡貢計。 詔拜實都督陝西諸軍事，以實弟茂為秦州刺史。
Zhang Shi issued an order: any official or commoner under his command who reported his faults would be rewarded with cloth, silk, sheep, and grain. Criminal Affairs Aide Wei Jin of Gaochang said, "Your Excellency now governs so that matters great and small are all decided by you alone. Sometimes you raise armies and issue orders, and the prefectural court knows nothing; should anything go wrong, blame has nowhere to fall. Your subordinates fear your authority and merely accept finished decisions. In such circumstances, even a reward of a thousand in gold will not make anyone speak in the end. I suggest you rely less on your own brilliance. In all government affairs, consult your subordinates and let each speak his mind fully; then choose and act on what is said. Good counsel will come of itself—why need rewards?" Shi was pleased, followed the advice, and raised Jin three ranks in office. Shi sent General Wang Gai with five thousand infantry and cavalry to reinforce Chang'an and deliver the tribute accounts of the various commanderies. An edict appointed Shi Director-General of all military affairs west of Shan and made his younger brother Mao Governor of Qinzhou.
73
石勒使石虎攻劉演於廩丘，幽州刺史段匹磾使其弟文鴦救之； 虎拔廩丘，演奔文鴦軍，虎獲演弟啟以歸。
Shi Le sent Shi Hu to attack Liu Yan at Lüqiu. Youzhou Inspector Duan Pidi sent his younger brother Wen Yang to rescue him; Hu took Lüqiu. Yan fled to Wen Yang's army, and Hu captured Yan's younger brother Qi and returned.
74
寧州刺史王遜，嚴猛喜誅殺。 五月，平夷太守雷炤、平樂太守董霸帥三千餘家叛，降於成。
Ningzhou Inspector Wang Xun was harsh and fierce and loved executions. In the fifth month, Pingyi Administrator Lei Zhao and Pingle Administrator Dong Ba led more than three thousand households in rebellion and surrendered to Cheng.
75
六月，丁巳朔，日有食之。
In the sixth month, on dingsi, the first day of the month, there was a solar eclipse.
76
秋，七月，漢大司馬曜圍北地太守麴昌，大都督麴允將步騎三萬救之。 曜繞城縱火，煙起蔽天，使反間紿允曰：「郡城已陷，往無及也！」 眾懼而潰。 曜追敗允於磻石谷，允奔還靈武，曜遂取北地。
In autumn, the seventh month, Han Grand Marshal Liu Yao besieged Beidi Administrator Qu Chang. Grand Governor Qu Yun led thirty thousand infantry and cavalry to rescue him. Yao encircled the city and set fires until smoke blotted out the sky. He sent disinformation to deceive Yun, saying, "The prefectural city has already fallen—going will be too late!" The troops panicked and fled. Yao pursued and defeated Yun at Panshi Valley. Yun fled back to Lingwu, and Yao then took Beidi.
77
允性仁厚，無威斷，喜以爵位悅人。 新平太守竺恢、始平太守楊像、扶風太守竺爽、安定太守焦嵩，皆領征、鎮，杖節，加侍中、常侍； 村塢主帥，小者猶假銀青將軍之號； 然恩不及下，故諸將驕恣而士卒離怨。 關中危亂，允告急於焦嵩； 嵩素侮允，曰：「須允困，當救之。」
Yun was by nature benevolent and generous, lacked stern decisiveness, and liked to please people with titles and rank. Xingping Administrator Zhu Hui, Shiping Administrator Yang Xiang, Fufeng Administrator Zhu Shuang, and Anding Administrator Jiao Song all held expeditionary and garrison commands, carried imperial staffs, and were additionally made Palace Attendants and Regular Attendants; village stockade chiefs, even the minor ones, were granted titles such as General with Silver Seal and Blue Ribbon; yet his favor did not reach the lower ranks, so the generals grew arrogant and willful while the soldiers became discontented and resentful. Guanzhong was in peril, and Yun urgently appealed to Jiao Song; Song had always looked down on Yun and said, "Wait until Yun is trapped—we will rescue him then."
78
曜進至涇陽，渭北諸城悉潰。 曜獲建威將軍魯充、散騎常侍梁緯、少府皇甫陽。 曜素聞充賢，募生致之，既見，賜之酒曰：「吾得子，天下不足定也！」 充曰：「身為晉將，國家喪敗，不敢求生。 若蒙公恩，速死為幸。」 曜曰：「義士也。」 賜之劍，令自殺。 梁緯妻辛氏，美色，曜召見，將妻之，辛氏大哭曰：「妾夫已死，義不獨生，且一婦人而事二夫，明公又安用之！」 曜曰：「貞女也。」 亦聽自殺，皆以禮葬之。
Yao advanced to Jingyang, and all the cities north of the Wei collapsed. Yao captured Establishing Might General Lu Chong, Regular Palace Attendant Liang Wei, and Chamberlain for the Palace Huangfu Yang. Yao had long heard that Chong was worthy and offered a reward to take him alive. Once they met, he gave him wine and said, "With you in my service, securing the realm would be easy! Chong said, "As a Jin general, with the state ruined and defeated, I dare not seek to live. If I may receive your grace, a swift death would be good fortune." Yao said, "A man of integrity." He gave him a sword and ordered him to kill himself. Liang Wei's wife, Lady Xin, was beautiful. Yao summoned her and intended to marry her. Lady Xin wept loudly, "My husband is dead—I cannot in honor live alone. Besides, what use would Your Excellency have for a woman who served two husbands!" Yao said, "A chaste woman." He also permitted her to kill herself. Both were buried with full rites.
79
漢主聰立故張後侍婢樊氏為上皇后，三後之外，佩皇后璽綬者復有七人。 嬖寵用事，刑賞紊亂。 大將軍敷數涕泣切諫，聰怒曰：「汝欲乃公速死邪，何以朝夕生來哭人！」 敷憂憤，發病卒。
Han ruler Liu Cong made former Empress Zhang's handmaid Fan Shi Grand Empress. Apart from the three empresses, seven more women wore the empress seal and sash. Favored consorts held power, and punishments and rewards fell into chaos. Grand General Fu repeatedly remonstrated in tears. Cong angrily said, "Do you want your old man to die quickly? Why do you come crying at me morning and night!" Fu died of grief and anger from the illness it caused.
80
河東平陽大蝗，民流殍者什五六。 石勒遣其將石越帥騎二萬屯并州，招納流民，民歸之者二十萬戶。 聰遣使讓勒，勒不受命，潛與曹嶷相結。
Great locust swarms struck Pingyang in Hedong. Five or six tenths of the people fled or starved. Shi Le sent his general Shi Yue with twenty thousand cavalry to encamp in Bingzhou and gather displaced people. Two hundred thousand households returned to him. Cong sent envoys to rebuke Shi Le. Le refused the order and secretly allied with Cao Yi.
81
八月，漢大司馬曜逼長安。
In the eighth month, Han Grand Marshal Liu Yao pressed Chang'an.
82
九月，漢主宴群臣於光極殿，引見太弟乂。 乂容貌憔悴，鬢髮蒼然，涕泣陳謝，聰亦為之慟哭； 乃縱酒極歡，待之如初。
In the ninth month, the Han ruler entertained his ministers in the Hall of Grand Brilliance and summoned his younger brother Liu Yi. Yi's appearance was haggard and his temples grey. Weeping, he expressed his remorse, and Cong also wept bitterly for him; they then drank freely in great merriment and treated him as before.
83
焦嵩、竺恢、宋哲皆引兵救長安，散騎常侍華輯監京兆、馮翊、弘農、上洛四郡兵，屯霸上，皆畏漢兵強，不敢進。 相國保遣胡崧將兵入援，擊漢大司馬曜於靈台，破之。 崧恐國威復振則麴、索勢盛，乃帥城西諸郡兵屯渭北不進，遂還槐裡。
Jiao Song, Zhu Hui, and Song Zhe all led troops to rescue Chang'an. Regular Palace Attendant Hua Ji supervised the forces of the four commanderies Jingzhao, Fufeng, Hongnong, and Shangluo and encamped at Bashang. All feared the Han armies' strength and dared not advance. Chancellor Bao sent Hu Song with troops to reinforce Chang'an. He attacked Han Grand Marshal Liu Yao at Lingtai and defeated him. Song feared that if the state's prestige revived, Qu and Suo would grow too powerful. He led the western commandery troops to encamp north of the Wei without advancing, then returned to Huaili.
84
曜攻陷長安外城，麴允、索綝退守小城以自固。 內外斷絕，城中饑甚，米斗直金二兩，人相食，死者太半，亡逃不可制，唯涼州義眾千人，守死不移。 太倉有麴數十餅，麴允屑之為粥以供帝，既而亦盡。 冬，十一月，帝泣謂允曰：「今窮厄如此，外無救援，當忍恥出降，以活士民。」 因歎曰：「誤我事者，麴、索二公也！」 使侍中宗敞送降箋於曜。 索綝潛留敝，使其子說曜曰：「今城中食猶足支一年，未易克也，若許綝以車騎、儀同、萬戶郡公者，請以城降。」 曜斬而送之，曰：「帝王之師，以義行也。 孤將兵十五年，未嘗以詭計敗人，必窮兵極勢，然後取之。 今索綝所言如此，天下之惡一也，輒相為戮之。 若兵食審未盡者，便可勉強固守； 如其糧竭兵微，亦宜早寤天命。」
Yao stormed the outer wall of Chang'an. Qu Yun and Suo Jin withdrew to hold the inner city for defense. Inside and outside were cut off. Famine was severe in the city—a dou of rice cost two liang of gold. People ate one another; more than half died. Desertions could not be controlled. Only a thousand loyal volunteers from Liangzhou held firm to the death. The state granary had several dozen cakes of ferment. Qu Yun ground them into porridge to feed the emperor, and soon these too were exhausted. In winter, the eleventh month, the emperor wept and said to Yun, "Now reduced to such extremity, with no rescue from outside—we should swallow our shame and surrender to save the officials and people." He sighed, "Those who ruined my cause were the two lords Qu and Suo!" He sent Palace Attendant Zong Chang to deliver the surrender letter to Yao. Suo Jin secretly detained Chang and sent his son to tell Yao, "Provisions in the city can still last a year—it is not easily taken. If you grant Jin the titles of Chariots and Cavalry, Equal in Honor to the Three Dukes, and Marquis of a ten-thousand-household commandery, he will surrender the city." Yao executed the messenger and sent the head back, saying, "An army of a true king acts by righteousness. I have led troops for fifteen years and never defeated an enemy by stratagem. I must bring all force to bear and only then take what I seek. Now Suo Jin speaks thus—the world's wickedness is one. I hereby execute him on your behalf. If your troops and provisions are truly not exhausted, you may of course hold on stubbornly; but if grain is gone and troops few, you should also awaken early to Heaven's decree."
85
甲午，宗敞至曜營； 乙未，帝乘羊車，肉袒、銜璧、輿櫬出東門降。 群臣號泣，攀車執帝手，帝亦悲不自勝。 御史中丞馮翊吉朗歎曰：「吾智不能謀，勇不能死，何忍君臣相隨，北面事賊虜乎！」 乃自殺。 曜焚櫬受璧，使宗敞奉帝還宮。 丁酉，遷帝及公卿以下於其營； 辛丑，送至平陽。 壬寅，漢主聰臨光極殿，帝稽首於前。 麴允伏地慟哭，扶不能起。 聰怒，囚之，允自殺。 聰以帝為光祿大夫，封懷安候。 以大司馬曜為假黃鉞、大都督、督陝西諸軍事、太宰，封秦王。 大赦，改元麟嘉。 以麴允忠烈，贈車騎將軍，謚節愍候。 以索綝不忠，斬於都市。 尚書梁允、侍中梁浚等及諸郡守皆為曜所殺，華輯奔南山。
On the day jiawu, Zong Chang reached Yao's camp; On the day yiwei, the emperor rode in a sheep cart, bared his upper body, held a jade disk in his mouth, and had a coffin carried before him as he went out the east gate to surrender. The ministers wailed. They clung to the cart and grasped the emperor's hand, and the emperor too was overwhelmed with grief. Censor-in-Chief Ji Lang of Fufeng sighed, "My wisdom could not devise a plan, my courage could not face death—how can I bear to follow my ruler and lord in bowing north to serve bandit invaders!" He then killed himself. Yao burned the coffin and accepted the jade disk. He had Zong Chang escort the emperor back to the palace. On the day dingyou, he moved the emperor and the officials below him to his camp; On the day xinchou, he sent them to Pingyang. On the day renyin, Han ruler Liu Cong sat in the Hall of Grand Brilliance, and the emperor kowtowed before him. Qu Yun prostrated himself and wept bitterly. When helped up, he could not stand. Cong was angry and imprisoned him. Yun killed himself. Cong made the emperor Grand Master for Splendid Happiness and enfeoffed him as Marquis of Huai'an. He made Grand Marshal Liu Yao Acting Bearer of the Yellow Axe, Grand Governor, Director-General of all military affairs west of Shan, Grand Minister, and enfeoffed him as King of Qin. A general amnesty was proclaimed and the era name changed to Linjia. Because Qu Yun was loyal and steadfast, he was posthumously made General of Chariots and Cavalry and given the posthumous title Marquis of Jiemin. Because Suo Jin was disloyal, he was executed in the marketplace. Secretariat Director Liang Yun, Palace Attendant Liang Jun, and various commandery administrators were all killed by Yao. Hua Ji fled to the southern mountains.
86
干寶論曰：「昔高祖宣皇帝，以雄才碩量，應時而起，性深阻有若城府，而能寬綽以容納； 行數術以御物，而知人善采拔。 於是百姓與能，大象始構。 世宗承基，太祖繼業，鹹黜異圖，用融前烈。 至於世祖，遂享皇極，仁以厚下，儉以足用，和而不弛，寬而能斷，掩唐、虞之舊域，班正朔於八荒，於時有「天下無窮人」之諺，雖太平未洽，亦足以明民樂其生矣。
Gan Bao's commentary says, "Of old the High Ancestor, Emperor Xuan, with heroic talent and vast capacity, rose in response to the times. His nature was deep and guarded like hidden fortifications, yet he could be generous and accommodating; he practiced arts of calculation to control affairs and knew men well, excelling at selection and promotion. Thus the people contributed their abilities and the great enterprise was first framed. The Founding Emperor inherited the foundation, and the Grand Ancestor continued the enterprise. Both subdued rival designs and drew upon the achievements of their predecessors. When the Founding Emperor came to the throne, he ruled with benevolence toward the people and frugality in state expenditure—harmonious without laxity, magnanimous yet decisive. He recovered the ancient domains of Tang and Yu and extended the imperial calendar to the farthest reaches of the realm. People said then that "there are no destitute men under Heaven." Though true peace had not yet been fully achieved, it was already clear that the people were content with their lives.
87
武皇既崩，山陵未干而變難繼起。 宗子無維城之助，師尹無具瞻之貴，朝為伊、周，夕成桀、跖； 國政迭移於亂人，禁兵外散於四方，方岳無鈞石之鎮，關門無結草之固。 戎、羯稱制，二帝失尊，何哉？ 樹立失權，托付非才，四維不張，而苟且之政多也。
Hardly had Emperor Wu been buried when disaster followed disaster. Royal princes offered no support as bulwarks of the throne; chief ministers commanded no universal respect—one morning they were Yi Yin and the Duke of Zhou, by evening they were Jie and Robber Zhi. State power passed from one schemer to the next; the imperial guard was dispersed across the realm; regional governors wielded no stabilizing weight; the frontier passes stood with no loyal defense. Barbarian chieftains seized real power, and two emperors lost all dignity. How did it come to this? Those placed in power were given the wrong authority; responsibility was entrusted to the wrong men; the four bonds of the state were left slack; and makeshift, opportunist government became the rule.
88
夫基廣則難傾，根深則難拔，理節則不亂，膠結則不遷。 昔之有天下者所以能長久，用此道也。 周自後稷愛民，十六王而武始君之，其積基樹本，如此其固。 今晉之興也，其創基立本，固異於先代矣。 加以朝寡純德之人，鄉乏不二之老，風俗淫僻，恥尚失所。 學者以莊、老為宗而黜《六經》，談者以虛蕩為辯而賤名檢，行身者以放濁為通而狹節信，進仕者以苟得為貴而鄙居正，當官者以望空為高而笑勤恪。 是以劉頌屢言治道，傅鹹每糾邪正，皆謂之俗吏； 其倚杖虛曠，依阿無心者，皆名重海內。 若夫文王日昃不暇食，仲山甫夙夜匪懈者，蓋共嗤黜以為灰塵矣！ 由是毀譽亂於善惡之實，情慝奔於貨欲之塗，選者為人擇官，官者為身擇利，世族貴戚之子弟，陵邁超越，不拘資次。 悠悠風塵，皆奔競之士； 列官千百，無讓賢之舉。 子真著《崇讓》而莫之省，子雅制九班而不得用。 其婦女不知女工，任情而動，有逆於舅姑，有殺戮妾媵，父兄弗之罪也，天下莫之非也。 禮法刑政，於此大壞。 「國之將亡，本必先顛，」其此之謂乎！
A broad foundation is hard to overturn; deep roots are hard to uproot; clear principle and order prevent chaos; firm bonds keep a state from drifting. The dynasties that endured did so because they followed this principle. From Hou Ji's care for the people down through sixteen kings until King Wu first took the throne, Zhou accumulated its foundation and planted its roots with just such solidity. When Jin rose to power, the way it laid its foundations was fundamentally unlike that of earlier dynasties. Moreover, the court had few men of genuine virtue, and the countryside few elders of unquestioned loyalty. Morals had turned dissolute and perverse; what people honored and what they shamed were all out of place. Scholars made Zhuangzi and Laozi their masters and set aside the Six Classics. Talkers prized empty cleverness over real argument and looked down on moral restraint. Men of the world treated reckless indulgence as sophistication and treated integrity as narrow-mindedness. Office-seekers valued easy gain and despised honest conduct. Officials treated idle detachment as refinement and mocked diligence and conscientiousness. Liu Song repeatedly expounded the principles of good government, and Fu Xian constantly distinguished right from wrong—both were dismissed as vulgar bureaucrats. Meanwhile those who leaned on airy abstractions and fawned without conviction were all celebrated throughout the empire. King Wen, who worked until sunset without time to eat, and Zhong Shanfu, who never slackened day or night—these men were mocked and cast aside like worthless dust! From this, reputation and disgrace no longer matched real good and evil; private greed drove men toward profit; those who selected officials chose posts for their favorites, and officials chose posts for their own gain. Sons and younger brothers of great clans and imperial kin vaulted ahead without regard for rank or seniority. In that restless age, every man was scrambling for advantage. Among hundreds and thousands of officials, not one stepped aside for a better man. Bo Chen wrote "On Honoring Yielding," and no one paid attention. Lu Ji devised the nine-rank system, and it could not be put into use. Their women knew nothing of women's work. Acting on whim, some defied their mothers-in-law; some killed concubines and secondary wives. Fathers and elder brothers did not punish them, and no one under Heaven thought it wrong. Ritual, law, punishment, and government were ruined on every side. "When a state is about to perish, its foundation must first collapse"—surely this is what that saying means!
89
故觀阮籍之行而覺禮教崩弛之所由，察庾純、賈充之爭而見師尹之多僻，考平吳之功而知將帥之不讓，思郭欽之謀而寤戎狄之有釁，覽傅玄、劉毅之言而得百官之邪，核傅鹹之奏、《錢神》之論而睹寵賂之彰。 民風國勢，既已如此，雖以中庸之才、守文之主治之，猶懼致亂，況我惠帝以放蕩之德臨之哉！ 懷帝承亂得位，羈以強臣； 愍帝奔播之後，徒守虛名。 天下之勢既去，非命世之雄才，不能復取之矣！
Observe Ruan Ji's conduct and you see why ritual collapsed. Examine the dispute between Yu Chun and Jia Chong and you see how corrupt the chief ministers had become. Review the conquest of Wu and you see how generals refused to yield credit. Reflect on Guo Qin's warning and you see why the barbarians turned hostile. Read Fu Xuan and Liu Yi's remonstrances and you find the corruption of the bureaucracy. Study Fu Xian's memorial and Lu Ji's "The God of Money" and you see how bribery and favor had taken over. Popular morals and the strength of the state had already reached this pass. Even a ruler of moderate ability, content to preserve the existing order, would have feared causing disorder—how much more so when Emperor Hui governed with his dissolute character! Emperor Huai came to the throne in the midst of chaos and was held captive by powerful ministers. After Emperor Min was driven into exile, he retained only an empty title. The momentum of the empire was already lost. Only a hero of the age could have recovered it—and there was none.
90
石勒圍樂平太守韓據於坫城，據請救於劉琨。 琨新得拓跋猗盧之眾，欲因其銳氣以討勒。 箕澹、衛雄諫曰：「此雖晉民，久淪異域，未習明公之恩信，恐其難用。 不若且內收鮮卑之餘谷，外抄胡賊之牛羊，閉關守險，務農息兵，待其服化感義，然後用之，則功無不濟矣！」 琨不從，悉發其眾，命澹帥步騎二萬為前驅，琨屯廣牧，為之聲援。
Shi Le besieged Han Ju, governor of Leping, at Dian city. Ju asked Liu Kun for help. Kun had just received the forces of Tuoba Yilu and wanted to use their fighting spirit to attack Shi Le. Ji Dan and Wei Xiong remonstrated, saying, "Though these men are Jin subjects, they have long lived under alien rule and are not yet accustomed to your grace and trust. I fear they will be hard to use. Better first to gather the Xianbei's remaining grain at home and raid the barbarian camps for cattle and sheep abroad; hold the passes and strong points, devote yourself to farming and give the army rest; wait until they are won over by your justice and kindness, and then use them. Then you cannot fail." Kun would not listen. He mobilized his entire force, ordered Ji Dan to lead twenty thousand infantry and cavalry as vanguard, and encamped at Guangmu to support him.
91
石勒聞澹至，將逆擊之。 或曰：「澹士馬精強，其鋒不可當，不若且引兵避之，深溝高壘，以挫其銳，必獲萬全。」 勒曰：「澹兵雖眾，遠來疲弊，號令不從，何精強之有！ 今寇敵垂至，何可捨去！ 大軍一動，豈易中還！ 若澹乘我之退而逼之，顧逃潰不暇，焉得深溝高壘乎！ 此自亡之道也。」 立斬言者。 以孔萇為前鋒都督，令三軍：「後出者斬！」 勒據險要，設疑兵於山上，前設二伏，出輕騎與澹戰，陽為不勝而走。 澹縱兵追之，入伏中。 勒前後夾擊澹軍，大破之，獲鎧馬萬計。 澹、雄帥騎千餘奔代郡，韓據棄城走，並土震駭。
When Shi Le learned that Ji Dan had arrived, he prepared to meet and attack him. Someone said, "Ji Dan's troops and horses are elite; his attack cannot be withstood. Better withdraw for now, dig deep moats and raise high ramparts to blunt his momentum—you will be perfectly safe." Shi Le replied, "Ji Dan's force may be large, but it has come a long way and is exhausted. Orders are not obeyed—where is this elite strength? The enemy is almost upon us—how can we simply abandon our position? Once a great army moves, it cannot easily turn back halfway! If Ji Dan presses us as we retreat, we will be too busy fleeing to think of moats and ramparts! That would be the road to self-destruction." He immediately had the man beheaded. He appointed Kong Chang commander of the vanguard and ordered the three armies, "Whoever falls behind will be beheaded!" Shi Le held a strategic pass, posted decoy troops on the mountains, laid two ambushes ahead, and sent out light cavalry to engage Ji Dan, feigning defeat and retreat. Ji Dan pursued at full stretch and rode into the ambush. Shi Le attacked Ji Dan's army from front and rear, routed it completely, and captured tens of thousands of suits of armor and horses. Ji Dan and Wei Xiong fled with more than a thousand horsemen to Dai commandery. Han Ju abandoned the city and fled. All of Bing province was shaken with terror.
92
十二月，乙卯朔，日有食之。
In the twelfth month, on the first day of the month (yimao), there was a solar eclipse.
93
司空長史李弘以并州降石勒。 劉琨進退失據，不知所為，段匹磾遣信邀之，己未，琨帥眾從飛狐奔薊。 匹磾見琨，甚相親重，與之結婚，約為兄弟。 勒徙陽曲、樂平民於襄國，置守宰而還。
Li Hong, chief clerk to the Minister of Works, surrendered Bing province to Shi Le. Liu Kun, unable to decide whether to advance or retreat and at a complete loss, received an invitation from Duan Piji. On the day jiwei, Kun led his forces through Feihu Pass and fled to Ji. When Duan Piji met Liu Kun, he treated him with great warmth and respect, contracted a marriage alliance with him, and pledged brotherhood. Shi Le moved the people of Yangqu and Leping to Xiangguo, appointed governors and magistrates, and returned.
94
孔萇攻箕澹於代郡，殺之。
Kong Chang attacked Ji Dan in Dai commandery and killed him.
95
萇等攻賊帥馬嚴、馮□者，久而不克，司、冀、並、兗流民數萬戶在遼西，迭相招引，民不安業。 勒問計於濮陽侯張賓，賓曰：「嚴、□者本非公之深仇，流民皆有戀本之志，今班師振旅，選良牧守使招懷之，則幽、冀之寇可不日而清，遼西流民將相帥而至矣。」 勒乃召萇等歸，以武遂令李回為易北督護，兼高陽太守。 馬嚴士卒素服回威德，多叛嚴歸之，嚴懼而出走，赴水死。 馮□者帥其眾降。 回徙居易京，流民歸之者相繼於道。 勒喜，封回為弋陽子，增張賓邑千戶，進位前將軍； 賓固辭不受。
Kong Chang and the others besieged the bandit chiefs Ma Yan and Feng Yuezhe for a long time without success. Tens of thousands of refugee households from Si, Ji, Bing, and Yan provinces were gathered in Liaoxi, constantly summoning one another, and the people could not live in peace. Shi Le asked Zhang Bin, Marquis of Puyang, for advice. Bin said, "Ma Yan and Feng Yuezhe were never your bitter enemies to begin with, and the refugees all long to return home. Withdraw the army now, choose good governors and magistrates to summon and reassure them, and the bandits of You and Ji will be cleared in no time. The Liaoxi refugees will then come in one stream after another." Shi Le then recalled Kong Chang and the others and appointed Li Hui, magistrate of Wusui, Northern Protector of Yi and concurrently governor of Gaoyang. Ma Yan's soldiers had long respected Li Hui's authority and virtue. Many defected from Yan to join him. Yan, in terror, fled, threw himself into the water, and drowned. Feng Yuezhe led his followers in surrender. Li Hui moved his seat to Yijing, and refugees returning to him streamed along the roads. Shi Le was delighted. He enfeoffed Li Hui as Marquis of Yiyang, increased Zhang Bin's fief by a thousand households, and promoted him to General of the Vanguard. Zhang Bin firmly declined and would not accept.
96
丞相睿聞長安不守，出師露次，躬擐甲冑，移檄四方，刻日北征。 以漕運稽期，丙寅，斬督運令史淳於伯。 刑者以刀拭柱，血逆流上，至柱末二丈餘而下，觀者鹹以為冤。 丞相司直劉隗上言：「伯罪不至死，請免從事中郎周莚等官。」 於是右將軍王導等上疏引咎，請解職。 睿曰：「政刑失中，皆吾暗塞所致。」 一無所問。
When Chancellor Sima Rui learned that Chang'an had fallen, he marched out with his army and encamped in the open field. He personally donned armor, issued proclamations to the four quarters, and set a date for a northern expedition. Because grain transport was overdue, on the day bingyin he beheaded Chunyu Bo, clerk to the transport supervisor. The executioner wiped his blade on a pillar. Blood flowed upward along the pillar to more than two zhang before running down. All who watched believed it a wrongful death. Liu Kui, Directing Censor to the Chancellor, submitted a memorial: "Chunyu Bo's offense did not merit death. I request that Attendant Gentleman Zhou Yan and others be dismissed from office." Thereupon Right General Wang Dao and others submitted memorials accepting blame and requesting to resign. Rui said, "Failures in government and punishment are all due to my own blindness and obstruction." He punished no one.
97
隗性剛訐，當時名士多被彈劾，睿率皆容貸，由是眾怨皆歸之。 南中郎將王含，敦之兄也，以族強位顯，驕傲自恣，一請參佐及守長至二十許人，多非其才； 隗劾奏含，文致甚苦，事雖被寢，而王氏深忌疾之。
Liu Kui was stern and censorious by nature. Many celebrated gentlemen of the day were impeached by him, but Rui generally pardoned them all. For this reason public resentment fell entirely on Liu Kui. Wang Han, Southern General of the Palace and elder brother of Wang Dun, held a conspicuous position through the power of his clan. Proud and self-indulgent, with a single request he appointed aides and prefectural magistrates to some twenty posts, most of them unfit for their duties. Liu Kui impeached Wang Han and framed the charges in the harshest terms. Though the case was shelved, the Wang clan deeply resented and hated him.
98
丞相睿以邵續為冀州刺史。 續女婿廣平劉遐聚眾河、濟之間，睿以遐為平原內史。
Chancellor Rui appointed Shao Xu governor of Ji province. Xu's son-in-law Liu Xia of Guangping gathered a force between the Yellow and Ji rivers. Rui appointed Xia interior minister of Pingyuan.
99
托跋普根之子又卒，國人立其從父鬱律。」」
The son of Tuoba Pugen died in turn, and the people of the state installed his father's younger brother Yulü.””