1
資治通鑑第090卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 90
2
【晉紀十二】起強圉赤奮若，盡著雍攝提格，凡二年。
Jin Chronicle 12 — from the year Qiangyu Chifenruo through Zhuoyong Shotige, spanning two years.
3
中宗元皇帝上建武元年（ 丁丑，公元三一七年）
First year of Jianwu under Emperor Yuan of Zhongzong ( dingchou, 317 CE)
4
春，正月，漢兵東略弘農，太守宋哲奔江東。
In spring, during the first month, Han troops pushed east into Hongnong, and Prefect Song Zhe fled to the lower Yangtze region.
5
黃門郎史淑、侍御史王沖自長安奔涼州，稱愍帝出降前一日，使淑等繼詔賜張實，拜實大都督、涼州牧、侍中、司空，承製行事，且曰：「朕已詔琅邪王時攝大位，君其協贊琅邪，共濟多難。」 淑等至姑臧，實大臨三日，辭官不受。
Palace Attendant Shi Shu and Attending Censor Wang Chong fled from Chang'an to Liangzhou. They said that on the eve of Emperor Min's surrender he had dispatched them with a supplementary edict appointing Zhang Shi Grand Commander-in-Chief, Governor of Liangzhou, Palace Attendant, and Minister of Works, with authority to govern by imperial mandate. The message read: "I have already instructed the Prince of Langya to hold the supreme position for the time being. Assist him and help us through these many trials together." When Shu and his party reached Guzang, Zhang Shi observed deep mourning for three days and refused the appointments.
6
初，實叔父肅為西海太守，聞長安危逼，請為先鋒入援。 實以其老，弗許。 及聞長安不守，肅悲憤而卒。
Earlier, Zhang Shi's uncle Su, who was governor of Xihai, heard that Chang'an was in grave danger and volunteered to lead the vanguard in relief. Zhang Shi refused, citing his uncle's age. When he learned that Chang'an had been lost, Su died of grief and rage.
7
實遣太府司馬韓璞、撫戎將軍張閬等帥步騎一萬東擊漢，命討虜將軍陳安、安故太守賈騫、隴西太守吳紹各統郡兵為前驅。 又遺相國保書曰：「王室有事，不忘投軀。 前遣賈騫瞻公舉動，中被符命，敕騫還軍。 俄聞寇逼長安，胡崧不進，麴允持金五百，請救於崧，遂決遣騫等進軍度嶺。 會聞朝廷傾覆，為忠不遂，憤痛之深，死有餘責。 今更遣璞等，唯公命是從。」 璞等卒不能進而還，至南安，諸羌斷路，相持百餘日，糧竭矢盡。 璞殺車中牛以饗士，泣謂之曰：「汝曹念父母乎？」 曰：「念。」 「念妻子乎？」 曰：「念。」 「欲生還乎？」 曰：「欲。」 「從我令乎？」 曰：「諾。」 乃鼓噪進戰。 會張閬帥金城兵繼至，夾擊，大破之，斬首數千級。
Zhang Shi dispatched Grand Treasury Marshal Han Pu and Pacification General Zhang Lang with ten thousand foot and horse soldiers east against the Han state, while Bandit-Suppressing General Chen An, Angu Prefect Jia Qian, and Longxi Governor Wu Shao were each to lead their district forces as the advance guard. He also wrote to Chancellor Bao: "When the house of Jin is in crisis, one must not hesitate to lay down one's life. I had earlier sent Jia Qian to watch your movements, but he was met midway by an imperial order commanding him to turn back. Soon word came that the enemy was closing on Chang'an. Hu Song would not move forward, and Qu Yun took five hundred in gold to plead for help from him; only then was it decided to send Qian and the rest across the pass. Then came word that the court had fallen. Loyalty had failed us, and the grief and shame were so bitter that even death would not expiate the fault. I now send Pu and the rest once more; they await only your orders." In the end Han Pu's force could not break through and withdrew. At Nan'an the Qiang tribes blocked the road; the standoff lasted more than a hundred days until food and arrows were gone. Han Pu had the draft oxen slaughtered to feed his men, and through tears he asked them: "Do you miss your parents?" They answered: "We do." Do you miss your wives and children?" They answered: "We do." Do you want to get home alive?" They answered: "We do." Will you obey my command?" They shouted: "Yes!" With a great clamor they charged into battle. Zhang Lang then arrived with troops from Jincheng; caught in a pincer, the enemy was routed and several thousand heads were taken.
8
先是，長安謠曰：「秦川中，血沒腕，唯有涼州倚柱觀。」 及漢兵覆關中，氐、羌掠隴右，雍、秦之民，死者什八九，獨涼州安全。
Earlier a ballad in Chang'an ran: "In the Qin River country blood rises to the wrist; only in Liangzhou do folk lean on a pillar and look on." When Han troops overran Guanzhong, Di and Qiang raiders swept Longyou; eight or nine out of ten people in Yong and Qin perished, and only Liangzhou was left untouched.
9
二月，漢主聰使從弟暢帥步騎三萬攻滎陽，太守李矩屯韓王故壘，相去七里，遣使招矩。 時暢兵猝至，矩未及為備，乃遣使詐降於暢。 暢不復設備，大饗，渠帥皆醉。 矩欲夜襲之，士卒皆恇懼，矩乃遣其將郭誦禱於子產祠，使巫揚言曰：「子產有教，當遣神兵相助。」 眾皆踴躍爭進。 矩選勇敢千人，使誦將之，掩擊暢營，斬首數千級，暢僅以身免。
In the second month, Han ruler Liu Cong sent his cousin Liu Chang with thirty thousand foot and horse soldiers against Xingyang. Prefect Li Ju held the old camp of King Han of Chu, seven li away, and Chang sent envoys to demand his surrender. Chang's army had struck without warning, and Li Ju had no time to ready his defenses, so he sent envoys to pretend submission. Chang let his guard down, threw a great feast, and his tribal leaders all drank themselves drunk. Li Ju planned a night assault, but his men were terrified. He sent General Guo Song to pray at the shrine of Zichan and had a shaman announce: "Zichan commands that spirit soldiers will come to our aid." The men surged forward, each striving to be first. Li Ju picked a thousand bold fighters and sent Guo Song to lead a surprise raid on Chang's camp. Several thousand heads were taken, and Chang barely escaped alive.
10
辛巳，宋哲至建康，稱受愍帝詔，令丞相琅邪王睿統攝萬機。 三月，琅邪王素服出次，舉哀三日。 於是西陽王羕及官屬等共上尊號，王不許。 羕等固請不已，王慨然流涕曰：「孤，罪人也。 諸賢見逼不已，當歸琅邪耳！」 呼私奴，命駕將歸國。 羕等乃請依魏、晉故事，稱晉王； 許之。 辛卯，即晉王位，大赦，改元； 始備百官，立宗廟，建社稷。
On xinsi day Song Zhe arrived at Jiankang with what he said was an edict from Emperor Min appointing Chancellor Sima Rui, Prince of Langya, to oversee all government business. In the third month the Prince of Langya went out in undyed mourning dress to a lodge and mourned for three days. Then the Prince of Xiyang, Sima Yang, and the rest of the court jointly urged him to take the imperial title, but he declined. Yang and his party would not let the matter drop. The prince sighed, tears streaming, and said: "I am a guilty man. If you worthy men keep pressing me, I ought to go back to Langya!" He summoned a household servant and told him to ready the carriage for the journey home to Langya. Yang and the others then asked that, following Wei and Jin precedent, he accept the title Prince of Jin; and he agreed. On xinmao day he took the throne as Prince of Jin, declared a general amnesty, and adopted a new era name; installed the full bureaucracy, erected the ancestral temple, and established the altars of soil and grain.
11
有司請立太子，王愛次子宣城公裒，欲立之，謂王導曰：「立子當以德。」 導曰：「世子、宣城，俱有朗俊之美，而世子年長。」 王從之。 丙辰，立世子紹為王太子； 封裒為琅邪王，奉恭王后； 仍以裒都督青、徐、兗三州諸軍事，鎮廣陵。 以西陽王羕為太保，封譙剛王遜之子承為譙王。 遜，宣帝之弟子也。 又以征南大將軍王敦為大將軍、江州牧，揚州刺史王導為驃騎將軍、都督中外諸軍事、領中書監、錄尚書事，丞相左長史刁協為尚書左僕射，右長史周顗為吏部尚書，軍諮祭酒賀循為中書令，右司馬戴淵、王邃為尚書，司直劉隗為御史中丞，行參軍劉超為中書舍人，參軍事孔愉長兼中書郎； 自餘參軍悉拜奉車都尉，掾屬拜駙馬都尉，行參軍舍人拜騎都尉。 王敦辭州牧，王導以敦統六州，辭中外都督，賀循以老病辭中書令，王皆許之，以循為太常。 是時，承喪亂之後，江東草創，刁協久宦中朝，諳練舊事，賀循為世儒宗，明習禮學，凡有疑議，皆取決焉。
The officials asked that a crown prince be named. The prince favored his second son, Duke Pou of Xuancheng, and wanted to name him heir. He told Wang Dao: "A son should be chosen for his virtue." Dao replied: "The heir apparent and the Duke of Xuancheng are both gifted and handsome, but the heir apparent is the elder." The prince accepted his counsel. On bingchen day he named the heir apparent Sima Shao crown prince; enfeoffed Pou as Prince of Langya to serve the spirit of the late Empress Gong; and appointed him commander of all military affairs in Qing, Xu, and Yan, with his seat at Guangling. He named the Prince of Xiyang Grand Tutor and enfeoffed Cheng, son of the late Prince of Qiaogang Sima Sun, as Prince of Qiao. Sima Sun had been a younger cousin of Emperor Xuan. He also named Campaigning-South General Wang Dun Grand General and governor of Jiangzhou; Yangzhou governor Wang Dao General of Agile Cavalry, supreme commander of all forces, Director of the Secretariat, and overseer of the Masters of Writing; Chancellor's left chief clerk Diao Xie vice director of the left Masters of Writing; right chief clerk Zhou Yi minister of the civil office; military adviser He Xun director of the Secretariat; right marshals Dai Yuan and Wang Sui masters of writing; rectifier Liu Wei censor-in-chief; acting staff officer Liu Chao secretariat attendant; and staff officer Kong Yu concurrent secretariat gentleman; the remaining staff officers were made commandants of the carriage corps, clerks commandants of the stable corps, and acting staff officers and attendants commandants of cavalry. Wang Dun declined the governorship; Wang Dao, noting that Dun already controlled six provinces, declined supreme military command; He Xun pleaded age and illness to step down as director of the Secretariat; the prince granted each request and named He Xun Minister of Ceremonies. The realm was still recovering from civil collapse, and the southeast was being organized from scratch. Diao Xie had served for years at the central court and knew its precedents inside out; He Xun was the age's foremost ritual scholar. On any disputed point, the court turned to them.
12
劉琨、段匹磾相與歃血同盟，期以翼戴晉室。 辛丑，琨檄告華、夷，遣兼左長史、右司馬溫嶠，匹磾遣左長史榮邵，奉表及盟文詣建康勸進。 嶠，羨之弟子也。 嶠之從母為琨妻，琨謂嶠曰：「晉祚雖衰，天命未改，吾當立功河朔，使卿延譽江南。 行矣，勉之！」 王以鮮卑大都督慕容廆為都督遼左雜夷流民諸軍事、龍驤將軍、大單于、昌黎公，廆不受； 征虜將軍魯昌說廆曰：「今兩京覆沒，天子蒙塵，琅邪王承製江東，為四海所繫屬。 明公雖雄據一方，而諸部猶阻兵未服者，蓋以官非王命故也。 謂宜通使琅邪，勸承大統，然後奉詔令以伐有罪，誰敢不從！」 處士遼東高詡曰：「霸王之資，非義不濟。 今晉室雖微，人心猶附之，宜遣使江東，示有所尊，然後仗大義以征諸部，不患無辭矣。」 廆從之，遣長史王濟浮海詣建康勸進。
Liu Kun and Duan Pidi sealed a blood oath, pledging together to uphold the Jin dynasty. On xinchou day Liu Kun issued a proclamation to all under heaven and sent his concurrent left chief clerk and right marshal Wen Jiao to Jiankang; Duan Pidi sent his left chief clerk Rong Shao with memorials and the alliance text urging the prince to take the throne. Wen Jiao was a nephew of the Jin minister Wen Xian. Jiao's aunt was Liu Kun's wife. Kun told him: "Jin's fortunes may be low, but Heaven's mandate has not changed. I will win glory north of the Yellow River, and you will carry our name into the south. Go, and do your utmost!" The prince appointed the Xianbei leader Murong Hui commander of military affairs for eastern Liaodong tribes and refugees, General of Dragon Cavalry, Grand Chanyu, and Duke of Changli; Hui declined; Campaigning-Barbarian General Lu Chang urged Murong Hui: "Both capitals are lost, the emperor is in exile, and the Prince of Langya governs the southeast by imperial mandate. The whole realm is looking to him. You hold your territory by force, yet some tribes still resist, largely because your rank did not come from the court. Send envoys to Langya, urge him to take the throne, and then campaign under imperial orders against wrongdoers — who would refuse to follow?" The hermit Gao Xu of Liaodong said: "He who would be a hegemon cannot succeed without righteousness. Jin may be weak, but loyalty to it still runs deep. Send envoys east to show whom you acknowledge, then march on the tribes under the banner of righteousness, and you will never lack a just cause." Hui took their counsel and sent his chief clerk Wang Ji across the sea to Jiankang to urge the prince to take the throne.
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漢相國粲使其黨王平謂太弟義曰：「適奉中詔，雲京師將有變，宜衷甲以備非常。」 義信之，命宮臣皆衷甲以居。 粲馳遣告靳准、王沈。 准以白漢主聰曰：「太弟將為亂，已衷甲矣！」 聰大驚曰：「寧有是邪！」 王沈等皆曰：「臣等聞之久矣，屢言之，而陛下不之信也。」 聰使粲以兵圍東宮。 粲使准、沈收氐、羌酋長十餘人，窮問之，皆懸首高格，燒鐵灼目，酋長自誣與義謀反。 聰謂沈等曰：「吾今而後知卿等之忠也！ 當念知無不言，勿恨往日言而不用也！」 於是誅東宮官屬及義素所親厚，准、沈等素所憎怨者大臣數十人，坑士卒萬五千餘人。 夏，四月，廢義為北海王，粲尋使准賊殺之。 義形神秀爽，寬仁有器度，故士心多附之。 聰聞其死，哭之慟，曰：「吾兄弟止餘二人而不相容，安得使天下知吾心邪！」 氐、羌叛者甚眾，以靳准行車騎大將軍，討平之。
Han chancellor Liu Can sent his follower Wang Ping to the Grand Heir Apparent Liu Yi with a message: "I have just received a secret edict warning of trouble in the capital. Wear armor beneath your robes against any emergency." Yi believed him and ordered every official in the Eastern Palace to wear hidden armor at all times. Can at once sent word to Jin Zhun and Wang Shen. Zhun told Han ruler Liu Cong: "The Grand Heir Apparent is plotting rebellion — his men are already wearing armor under their robes!" Cong was stunned. "Can that be true?" Wang Shen and the others said: "We have known of this for a long time and told Your Majesty again and again, but you would not believe us." Cong ordered Can to surround the Eastern Palace with troops. Can had Zhun and Shen seize more than a dozen Di and Qiang chieftains and torture them. Their heads were hung high, red-hot iron was pressed to their eyes, and under torture they confessed to plotting with Yi. Cong told Shen and the rest: "Only now do I see how loyal you are! Speak out whenever you know something, and do not hold it against me that I ignored you before!" He then executed the Eastern Palace staff and Yi's close associates, several dozen senior ministers whom Zhun and Shen had long hated, and buried alive more than fifteen thousand soldiers. In summer, in the fourth month, Yi was demoted to Prince of Beihai, and Can soon had Zhun murder him. Yi was handsome, open-handed, and magnanimous, and the gentry's loyalty had largely rested with him. When Cong heard of his death he wailed and said: "Only two brothers were left to us, and we could not live in peace — how can I make the world understand what is in my heart?" Di and Qiang rebels rose in great numbers; Jin Zhun was made acting General of Chariots and Cavalry and sent to put them down.
14
五月，壬午，日有食之。
In the fifth month, on renwu day, the sun was eclipsed.
15
六月，丙寅，溫嶠等至建康，王導、周顗、庾亮等皆愛嶠才，爭與之交。 是時，太尉、豫州牧荀組、冀州刺史邵續、青州刺史曹嶷、寧州刺史王遜、東夷校尉崔毖等皆上表勸進，王不許。
In the sixth month, on bingyin day, Wen Jiao arrived at Jiankang. Wang Dao, Zhou Yi, Yu Liang, and others admired his gifts and competed to win his friendship. Grand Commandant and Yuzhou governor Xun Zu, Jizhou inspector Shao Xu, Qingzhou inspector Cao Yi, Ningzhou inspector Wang Xun, and Colonel of the Eastern Yi Cui Bi all memorialized urging him to take the throne, but the prince again refused.
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初，流民張平、樊雅各聚眾數千人在譙，為塢主。 王之為丞相也，遣行參軍譙國桓宣往說平、雅，平、雅皆請降。 及豫州刺史祖逖出屯蘆洲，遣參軍殷義詣平、雅。 義意輕平，視其屋，曰：「可作馬廄。」 見大鑊，曰：「可鑄鐵器。」 平曰：「此乃帝王鑊，天下清平方用之，奈何毀之！」 義曰：「卿未能保其頭，而愛鑊邪！」 平大怒，於坐斬義，勒兵固守。 逖攻之，歲餘不下，乃誘其部將謝浮，使殺之； 逖進據太丘。 樊雅猶據譙城，與逖相拒。 逖攻之不克，請兵於南中郎將王含。 桓宣時為含參軍，含遣宣將兵五百助逖。 逖謂宣曰：「卿信義已著於彼，今復為我說雅。」 宣乃單馬從兩人詣雅曰：「祖豫州方欲平蕩劉、石，倚卿為援； 前殷義輕薄，非豫州意也。」 雅即詣逖降。 逖既入譙城，石勒遣石虎圍譙，王含復遣桓宣救之，虎解去。 逖表宣為譙國內史。
Earlier the refugee leaders Zhang Ping and Fan Ya had each raised several thousand men at Qiao and ruled fortified camps. While the prince was still chancellor he sent acting staff officer Huan Xuan of Qiao to win them over, and both offered to submit. When Yuzhou governor Zu Ti encamped at Luzhou, he sent staff officer Yin Yi to visit Ping and Ya. Yi treated Ping with contempt. Looking over his house he said: "This would make a fine stable." Seeing a great cauldron, he said: "That could be melted down for ironware." Ping said: "That is an imperial cauldron, meant for use only when the realm is at peace. How dare you speak of destroying it!" Yi sneered: "You cannot even keep your own head, and you care about a cauldron?" Ping flew into a rage, had Yi executed where he sat, and mobilized his men to defend the camp. Zu Ti besieged him for more than a year without success, then won over his officer Xie Fu and had him assassinate Ping; Zu Ti then advanced and took Taiqiu. Fan Ya still held Qiao city and resisted Zu Ti. Zu Ti failed to take the city and asked Southern Gentlemen-Commander Wang Han for reinforcements. Huan Xuan was then on Han's staff; Han sent him with five hundred men to aid Zu Ti. Zu Ti told Xuan: "Your good faith is already known to them. Go again and win Ya over for me." Xuan rode out alone with two men and told Ya: "Governor Zu of Yuzhou is preparing to crush Liu and Shi and counts on your support; Yin Yi's earlier insults did not reflect the governor's wishes." Ya went at once to Zu Ti and submitted. Once Zu Ti held Qiao, Shi Le sent Shi Hu to besiege it; Wang Han sent Huan Xuan again to relieve the city, and Hu withdrew. Zu Ti recommended Xuan for appointment as interior minister of Qiao.
17
己巳，晉王傳檄天下，稱：「石虎敢帥犬羊，渡河縱毒，今遣琅邪王裒等九軍，銳卒三萬，水陸四道，逕造賊場，受祖逖節度。」 尋復召裒還建康。 秋，七月，大旱； 司、冀、並、青、雍州大蝗； 河、汾溢，漂千餘家。
On jisi day the Prince of Jin proclaimed to the realm: "Shi Hu dares lead his barbarian hordes across the river to ravage the land. I am sending Prince Pou of Langya and eight other armies — thirty thousand picked troops by four routes, by land and water — straight against the enemy, under Zu Ti's command." He soon recalled Pou to Jiankang. In autumn, in the seventh month, a severe drought struck; locusts ravaged Sizhou, Jizhou, Bingzhou, Qingzhou, and Yongzhou; and the Yellow and Fen rivers flooded, carrying off more than a thousand homes.
18
漢主聰立晉王粲為皇太子，領相國、大單于，總攝朝政如故。 大赦。
Han ruler Liu Cong named Prince of Jin Liu Can crown prince, retaining the posts of chancellor of state and grand chanyu and continuing to direct the government as before. A general amnesty was declared.
19
段匹磾推劉琨為大都督，檄其兄遼西公疾陸眷及叔父涉復辰、弟末柸等會於固安，共討石勒。 末柸說疾陸眷、涉復辰曰：「以父兄而從子弟，恥也； 且幸而有功，匹磾獨收之，吾屬何有哉！」 各引兵還。 琨、匹磾不能獨留，亦還薊。
Duan Pidi had Liu Kun named grand commander-in-chief and called on his elder brother Jilujuan, Duke of Liaoxi, his uncle Shefuchen, his younger brother Mobei, and others to meet at Gu'an for a joint campaign against Shi Le. Mobei persuaded Jilujuan and Shefuchen: "It is shameful for elders to take orders from a younger kinsman; and if we succeed, Pidi alone will claim the glory — what will be left for us?" Each withdrew with his forces. Unable to stay on alone, Kun and Pidi returned to Ji as well.
20
以荀組為司徒。
Xun Zu was appointed Minister of Education.
21
八月，漢趙固襲衛將軍華薈於臨穎，殺之。
In the eighth month Zhao Gu of the Han state attacked Defender-in-Chief Hua Hui at Linying and killed him.
22
初，趙固與長史周振有隙，振密譖固於漢主聰。 李矩之破劉暢也，於帳中得聰詔，令暢既克矩，還過洛陽，收固斬之，以振代固。 矩送以示固，固斬振父子，帥騎一千來降； 矩復令固守洛陽。
Zhao Gu and his chief clerk Zhou Zhen had long been at odds, and Zhen secretly denounced Gu to Liu Cong. When Li Ju defeated Liu Chang he found in the enemy camp an edict from Cong instructing Chang, once Ju was beaten, to arrest and execute Gu on the way back through Luoyang and install Zhen in his place. Ju showed the edict to Gu, who executed Zhen and his son and came over with a thousand horsemen; and Li Ju again put him in charge of defending Luoyang.
23
鄭攀等相與拒王廙，眾心不壹，散還橫桑口，欲入杜曾。 王敦遣武昌太守趙誘、襄陽太守朱軌擊之，攀等懼，請降。 杜曾亦請擊第五猗於襄陽以自贖。
Zheng Pan and others resisted Wang Yi together, but their forces were divided; they fell back to Hengsangkou planning to join Du Zeng. Wang Dun sent Wuchang prefect Zhao You and Xiangyang prefect Zhu Gui against them; Pan and his men were frightened and offered to submit. Du Zeng also offered to attack the Fifth Yi at Xiangyang to atone for his crimes.
24
廙將赴荊州，留長史劉浚鎮揚口壘。 竟陵內史朱伺謂廙曰：「曾，猾賊也，外示屈服，欲誘官軍使西，然後兼道襲揚口耳。 宜大部分，未可便西。」 廙性矜厲自用，以伺為老怯，遂西行。 曾等果還趨揚口； 廙乃遣伺歸，裁至壘，即為曾所圍。 劉浚自守北門，使伺守南門。 馬俊從曾來攻壘，俊妻子先在壘中，或欲皮其面以示之。 伺曰：「殺其妻子，未能解圍，但益其怒耳。」 乃止。 曾攻陷北門，伺被傷，退入船，開船底以出，沉行五十步，乃得免。 曾遣人說伺曰：「馬俊德卿全其妻子，今盡以卿家內外百口付俊，俊已盡心收視，卿可來也。」 伺報曰：「吾年六十餘，不能復與卿作賊，吾死亦當南歸，妻子付汝裁之。」 乃就王廙於甑山，病創而卒。
As Wang Yi prepared to take up his post in Jingzhou, he left chief clerk Liu Jun to hold the fort at Yangkou. Jingling interior minister Zhu Si warned Yi: "Du Zeng is a cunning rebel. His surrender is a ruse to draw our army west, then strike Yangkou from another direction. Keep the bulk of your force here; do not march west yet." Yi was proud and headstrong; he dismissed Si as timid in his old age and marched west. Du Zeng did turn back toward Yangkou; Yi sent Si back, but the moment he reached the fort Du Zeng had it surrounded. Liu Jun held the north gate himself and put Si in charge of the south gate. Ma Jun came with Du Zeng to assault the fort. Jun's wife and children were inside, and some proposed flaying their faces and displaying them to him. Si said: "Killing his family will not break the siege; it will only make him fight harder." They desisted. Du Zeng broke through the north gate. Wounded, Si retreated into a boat, escaped through a hole cut in the hull, and swam underwater fifty paces before he got away. Du Zeng sent word: "Out of respect for you, Ma Jun spared your family. I have placed all your kin, more than a hundred people, in his care. Come back." Si replied: "I am past sixty and will not be your accomplice again. Even dead I belong in the south — my family is in your hands." He joined Wang Yi at Zengshan and died of his wounds.
25
戊寅，趙誘、朱軌及陵江將軍黃峻與曾戰於女觀湖，誘等皆敗死。 曾乘勝徑告沔口，威震江、沔。 王使豫章太守周訪擊之。 訪有眾八千，進至沌陽。 曾銳氣甚盛，訪使將軍李恆督左甄，許朝督右甄，訪自領中軍。 曾先攻左、右甄，訪於陣後射雉以安眾心，令其眾曰：「一甄敗，鳴三鼓； 兩甄敗，鳴六鼓。」 趙誘子胤，將父餘兵屬左甄，力戰，敗而復合，馳馬告訪。 訪怒，叱令更進，胤號哭還戰。 自旦至申，兩甄皆敗。 訪選精銳八百人，自行酒飲之，敕不得妄動，聞鼓音乃進。 曾兵未至三十步，訪親鳴鼓，將士皆騰躍奔赴，曾遂大潰，殺千餘人。 訪夜追之，諸將請待明日，訪曰：「曾驍勇能戰，向者彼勞我逸，故克之； 宜及其衰乘之，可滅也。」 乃鼓行而進，遂定漢、沔。 曾走保武當。 王廙始得至荊州。 訪以功遷梁州刺史，屯襄陽。
On wuyin day Zhao You, Zhu Gui, and General Who Crosses the River Huang Jun met Du Zeng at Nüguan Lake and were defeated and killed. Du Zeng pressed his victory straight to Hankou, and his power terrified the Yangtze and Han valleys. The prince sent Yuzhang prefect Zhou Fang against him. Fang had eight thousand men and advanced to Zhunyang. Du Zeng's troops were fierce. Fang put General Li Heng in charge of the left wing, Xu Chao the right, and kept the center under his own command. Du Zeng attacked both wings first. Fang shot pheasants behind the lines to steady his men and told them: "If one wing falls, sound three drumbeats; if both wings fall, sound six." Zhao You's son Yin led his father's survivors on the left wing, fought desperately, re-formed after a rout, and galloped to report to Fang. Fang roared at him to attack again, and Yin, sobbing, rode back into the fight. From dawn until mid-afternoon both wings were broken. Fang picked eight hundred elite troops, poured them wine himself, and forbade them to stir until they heard his drum. When the enemy was still thirty paces off, Fang beat the drum himself. His men surged forward, Du Zeng's army collapsed, and more than a thousand were killed. Fang pursued through the night. His generals urged waiting until morning, but he said: "Du Zeng is a fierce fighter. We won because they were tired and we were fresh; we must strike while they are still spent and finish them off." He marched on with drums beating and secured the Han and Mian valleys. Du Zeng fled to Wudang. Wang Yi at last reached Jingzhou. For his victory Fang was promoted to inspector of Liangzhou and stationed at Xiangyang.
26
冬，十月，丁未，琅邪王裒薨。 十一月，己酉朔，日有食之。
In winter, in the tenth month, on dingwei day Prince Pou of Langya died. In the eleventh month, on the new moon of jiyou day, the sun was eclipsed.
27
丁卯，以劉琨為待中、太尉。
On dingmao day Liu Kun was named palace attendant and grand commandant.
28
征南軍司戴邈上疏，以為：「喪亂以來，庠序隳廢； 議者或謂平世尚文，遭亂尚武，此言似之，而實不然。 夫儒道深奧，不可倉猝而成。 比天下平泰，然後修之，則廢墜已久矣。 又，貴游之子，未必有斬將搴旗之才，從軍征戍之役，不及盛年使之講肄道義，良可惜也。 世道久喪，禮俗日弊，猶火之消膏，莫之覺也。 今王業肇建，萬物權輿，謂宜篤道崇儒，以勵風化。」 王從之，始立太學。
Campaigning-South staff officer Dai Miao memorialized: "Since the civil wars, the schools have collapsed; some say that peaceful ages honor learning and troubled ages honor arms. That sounds plausible, but it is wrong. The Confucian tradition is deep and cannot be rebuilt overnight. Wait until the realm is at peace to restore it, and the decay will have gone too far. Moreover, sons of the elite are not all born to slay generals and seize banners. To send them to war in their prime without teaching them the Way is a grievous waste. Moral order has been failing for years and ritual decays daily, like fire melting tallow, yet scarcely anyone notices. Your royal enterprise is only now taking shape. This is the moment to honor the Way, elevate Confucian learning, and revive public morals." The prince agreed and founded the Imperial Academy.
29
漢主聰出畋，以愍帝行車騎將軍，戎服執戟前導。 見者指之曰：「此故長安天子也。」 聚而觀之，故老有泣者。 太子粲言於聰曰：「昔周武王豈樂殺紂乎？ 正恐同惡相求，為患故也。 今興兵聚眾者，皆以子業為名，不如早除之！」 聰曰：「吾前殺庾鈱輩，而民心猶如是。 吾未忍復殺也，且小觀之。」 十二月，聰饗群臣於光極殿，使愍帝行酒洗爵，已而更衣，又使之執蓋； 晉臣多涕泣，有失聲者。 尚書郎隴西辛賓起，抱帝大哭，聰命引出，斬之。
Han ruler Liu Cong went hunting and made Emperor Min act as his charioteer general, dressed in armor and carrying a halberd to march ahead. Onlookers pointed and said: "That is the former emperor of Chang'an." Crowds gathered to stare, and old men wept. Crown Prince Liu Can told Cong: "Did King Wu of Zhou take pleasure in killing King Zhou? He feared only that evil men would rally to a symbol of the old regime and cause trouble. Every rebel army marches under Ziye's name. Better kill him now!" Cong said: "I already killed Yu Yin and his followers, yet the people still feel this way. I cannot bring myself to kill again. Let us wait and see." In the twelfth month Cong feasted his ministers in the Hall of Utmost Light, made Emperor Min pour wine and rinse cups, then after changing clothes made him hold the parasol; many Jin ministers wept aloud. Masters of Writing gentleman Xin Bin of Longxi rose, embraced the emperor, and wailed. Cong had him taken out and executed.
30
趙固與河內太守郭默侵漢河東，至絳，右司隸部民奔之者三萬餘人。 騎兵將軍劉勳追擊之，殺萬餘人，固、默引歸。 太子粲帥將軍劉雅生等步騎十萬屯小平津，固揚言曰：「要當生縛劉粲以贖天子。」 粲表於聰曰：「子業若死，民無所望，則不為李矩、趙固之用，不攻而自滅矣。」 戊戌，愍帝遇害於平陽。 粲遣雅生攻洛陽，固奔陽城山。
Zhao Gu and Henei prefect Guo Mo raided Han Hedong as far as Jiang, and more than thirty thousand people from the right metropolitan region joined them. Cavalry general Liu Xun pursued them, killed more than ten thousand, and Gu and Mo withdrew. Crown Prince Can camped at Xiaoping Ford with a hundred thousand troops under generals such as Liu Yasheng. Gu declared: "I will take Liu Can alive and trade him for the emperor." Can wrote to Cong: "If Ziye dies, the people lose their rallying point. Li Ju and Zhao Gu will lose their hold on them and collapse without a fight." On wuxu day Emperor Min was killed at Pingyang. Can sent Yasheng against Luoyang, and Gu fled to Yangcheng Mountain.
31
是歲，王命課督農功，二千石、長吏以入谷多少為殿最，諸軍各自佃作，即以為稟。
That year the prince ordered agricultural inspections. Prefects and magistrates were ranked by the grain they delivered, and each army farmed for its own rations.
32
氐王楊茂搜卒，長子難敵立，與少子堅頭分領部曲； 難敵號左賢王，屯下辨，堅頭號右賢王，屯河池。
Di king Yang Maosou died. His eldest son Nandi succeeded him and shared command of the tribes with his younger brother Jiantou; Nandi took the title Left Worthy King and camped at Xiabian; Jiantou took the title Right Worthy King and camped at Hechi.
33
河南王吐谷渾卒。 吐谷渾者，慕容廆之庶兄也，父涉歸，分戶一千七百以隸之。 及廆嗣位，二部馬鬥，廆遣使讓吐谷渾曰：「先公分建有別，奈何不相遠異，而令馬有斗傷」吐谷渾怒曰：「馬是六畜，斗乃其常，何至怒及於人！ 欲遠別甚易，恐後會為難耳！ 今當去汝萬里之外。」 遂帥其眾西徙。 廆悔之，遣其長史乙那婁馮追謝之。 吐谷渾曰：「先公嘗稱卜筮之言云：『吾二子皆當強盛，祚流後世。』 我，孽子也，理無並大。 今因馬而別，殆天意乎！」 遂不復還，西傅陰山而居。 屬永嘉之亂，因度隴而西，據洮水之西，極於白蘭，地方數千里。 鮮卑謂兄為阿干，廆追思之，為之作《阿干之歌》。 吐谷渾有子六十人，長子吐延嗣。 吐延長大有勇力，羌、胡皆畏之。
Tuyuhun, king of Henan, died. Tuyuhun was Murong Hui's elder half-brother. When their father Shegui died, he gave Tuyuhun seventeen hundred households. When Hui took power, horses from the two divisions fought. Hui sent an envoy to rebuke Tuyuhun: "Our father divided the domains clearly — why do you not keep apart so your horses do not injure one another?" Tuyuhun snapped: "Horses are livestock; they fight by nature. Why take it out on people? Keeping apart is easy enough — I only fear we may find it hard to meet again! I am going ten thousand li away from you." He led his followers west in migration. Hui regretted the breach and sent his chief clerk Yinalou Feng after him with an apology. Tuyuhun said: "Our father once cited a divination: 'Both my sons will grow mighty, and their fortune will endure for generations. I am a son by a concubine. By right I cannot share power with him. Now we part over a horse fight — perhaps this is Heaven's design!" He never came back, moving west to settle along the Yin Mountains. When the Yongjia catastrophe struck, he crossed Long Pass westward, seized lands west of the Tao River as far as Bailan, and held a domain of several thousand li. Among the Xianbei an elder brother is called agan; Murong Hui remembered him fondly and composed the "Song of Agan" in his honor. Tuyuhun had sixty sons; his eldest, Tuyan, succeeded him. Tuyan grew into a man of great stature and valor, feared by Qiang and Hu alike.
34
中宗元皇帝上太興元年（ 戊寅，公元三一八年）
First year of Taixing under Emperor Yuan of Zhongzong ( wuyin, 318 CE)
35
春，正月，遼西公疾陸眷卒，其子幼，叔父涉復辰自立。 段匹磾自薊往奔喪； 段末柸宣言：「匹磾之來，欲為篡也。」 匹磾至右北平，涉復辰發兵拒之。 末柸乘虛襲涉復辰，殺之，並其子弟黨與，自稱單于。 迎擊匹磾，敗之； 匹磾走還薊。
In spring, during the first month, Jilujuan, Duke of Liaoxi, died. His heir was still a child, and his uncle Shefuchen seized power for himself. Duan Pidi set out from Ji to attend the funeral; Duan Mobai proclaimed: "Pidi is coming to seize power." When Pidi reached Youbeiping, Shefuchen dispatched troops to block him. Mobai struck while Shefuchen's forces were engaged, killed him, wiped out his sons, brothers, and followers, and declared himself chanyu. He turned on Pidi, routed him, and Pidi fled back to Ji.
36
三月，癸丑，愍帝凶問至建康，王斬縗居廬； 百官請上尊號，王不許。 紀瞻曰：「晉氏統絕，於今二年，陛下當承大業； 顧望宗室，誰復與讓！ 若光踐大位，則神、民有所憑依； 苟為逆天時，違人事，大勢一去，不可復還。 今兩都燔蕩，宗廟無主，劉聰竊號於西北，而陛下方高讓於東南，此所謂揖讓而救火也。」 王猶不許，使殿中將軍韓績徹去御坐。 瞻叱績曰：「帝坐上應列星，敢動者斬！」 王為之改容。
In the third month, on guichou, word of Emperor Min's death reached Jiankang. The Prince donned mourning garb and withdrew to a mourning hut; the officials pressed him to take the throne, but he refused. Ji Zhan said: "The imperial line of Jin has been broken for two years now. Your Majesty should take up the great cause; Look about the imperial house — to whom could you still yield the throne? If you take the throne at once, gods and people alike will have someone to lean on; but if you defy Heaven's moment and human expectation, once the tide turns it will never return. Both capitals lie in ashes, the ancestral shrines stand masterless, and Liu Cong has seized the imperial title in the northwest — yet Your Majesty still plays at lofty refusal in the southeast. This is like bowing away the throne while the house burns." The Prince still refused and ordered Palace General Han Ji to remove the throne. Zhan rebuked Ji: "The imperial seat corresponds to the stars in their courses — touch it and you die!" At that the Prince's manner changed.
37
奉朝請周嵩上疏曰：「古之王者，義全而後取，讓成而後得，是以享世長久，重光萬載也。 今梓宮未返，舊京未清，義夫泣血，士女遑遑。 宜開延嘉謀，訓卒厲兵，先雪社稷大恥，副四海之心，則神器將安適哉！」 由是忤旨，出為新安太守，又坐怨望抵罪。 嵩，顗之弟也。
Palace Gentleman Zhou Song submitted a memorial: "Ancient kings did not take power until righteousness was complete, nor accept the throne until their show of refusal was finished — and so their dynasties endured and their glory shone for ages. The imperial coffin has not yet returned home, the old capital remains uncleansed, righteous men weep blood, and men and women alike live in dread. Hold open court for wise counsel, drill the troops and sharpen arms, first redeem the state's deepest shame and answer the hope of the realm — then who else could rightly receive the Mandate?" For this he fell from favor, was posted as Administrator of Xin'an, and was later punished again for discontent. Zhou Song was the younger brother of Zhou Yi.
38
丙辰，王即皇帝位，百官皆陪列。 帝命王導升御床共坐，導固辭曰：「若太陽下同萬物，蒼生何由仰照？」 帝乃止。 大赦，改元，文武增位二等。 帝欲賜諸吏投刺勸進者加位一等，民投刺者皆除吏，凡二十餘萬人。 散騎常侍熊遠曰：「陛下應天繼統，率土歸戴，豈獨近者情重，遠者情輕！ 不若依漢法遍賜天下爵，於恩為普，且可以息檢核之煩，塞巧偽之端也。」 帝不從。
On bingchen the Prince took the throne, with the full court in attendance. The Emperor invited Wang Dao to share the imperial couch; Dao firmly refused: "If the sun descended to the level of all things, how could the people beneath look up to its light?" The Emperor desisted. He proclaimed a general amnesty, changed the era name, and raised civil and military ranks by two grades. The Emperor planned to promote every official who had urged his accession by one rank and appoint every common petitioner as an official — more than two hundred thousand people in all. Regular Attendant Xiong Yuan said: "Your Majesty has inherited the throne by Heaven's mandate and the whole realm now looks to you — can nearness alone earn reward while the distant are left out? Better to follow Han precedent and grant ranks to all under Heaven — the grace would be universal, and it would spare the trouble of verification while closing the door to fraud." The Emperor would not heed him.
39
庚午，立王太子紹為皇太子。 太子仁孝，喜文辭，善武藝，好賢禮士，容受規諫，與庾亮、溫嶠等為布衣之交。 亮風格峻整，善談老、莊，帝器重之，聘亮妹為太子妃。 帝以賀循行太子太傅，周顗為少傅，庾亮以中書郎侍講東宮。 帝好刑名家，以《韓非》書賜太子。 庾亮諫曰：「申、韓刻薄傷化，不足留聖心。」 太子納之。
On gengwu he named Crown Prince Shao heir apparent. The crown prince was humane and filial, fond of letters, skilled in arms, eager to honor the worthy and treat scholars with respect, receptive to remonstrance, and close friends with Yu Liang, Wen Jiao, and others from before he wore the crown. Liang's manner was austere and precise, and he was adept at discourse on Laozi and Zhuangzi. The Emperor thought highly of him and betrothed Liang's sister to the crown prince. He appointed He Xun Grand Tutor to the heir, Zhou Yi Junior Tutor, and made Yu Liang, as Palace Secretary, lecture in the Eastern Palace. The Emperor favored Legalist thought and gave the crown prince the Han Feizi. Yu Liang remonstrated: "The doctrines of Shen Buhai and Han Fei are harsh and corrosive — they should not occupy a sage ruler's mind." The crown prince took his advice.
40
帝復遣使授慕容廆龍驤將軍、大單于、昌黎公，廆辭公爵不受。 廆以游邃為龍驤長史，劉翔為主簿，命邃創定府朝儀法。 裴嶷言於廆曰：「晉室衰微，介居江表，威德不能及遠，中原之亂，非明公不能拯也。 今諸部雖各擁兵，然皆頑愚相聚，宜以漸並取，以為西討之資。」 廆曰：「君言大，非孤所及也。 然君中朝名德，不以孤僻陋而教誨之，是天以君賜孤而祐其國也。」 乃以嶷為長史，委以軍國之謀； 諸部弱小者，稍稍擊取之。
The Emperor again sent envoys to appoint Murong Hui General Who Exerts Might, Grand Chanyu, and Duke of Changli; Hui refused the ducal title. Hui appointed You Sui Chief Clerk of the Longxiang command and Liu Xiang Registrar, charging Sui with drafting court ritual for his headquarters. Pei Ni told Hui: "The Jin court has waned, clinging to lands south of the Yangtze; its authority no longer reaches far. None but you can rescue the central plains from chaos. The various tribes may each hold armies, but they are crude bands clustered together. You should absorb them step by step and use them as the foundation for a campaign westward." Hui replied: "Your vision is vast — beyond what I can achieve alone. Yet you are a man of fame and virtue from the central court, and you do not disdain this remote corner to guide me — Heaven has sent you to bless my realm." He then made Ni Chief Clerk and entrusted him with strategy for army and state; and he gradually attacked and absorbed the weaker tribes.
41
李矩使郭默、郭誦救趙固，屯於洛汭。 誦潛遣其將耿稚等夜濟河襲漢營，漢貝丘王翼光覘知之，以告太子粲，請為之備。 粲曰：「彼聞趙固之敗，自保不暇，安敢來此邪！ 毋為驚動將士！」 俄而稚等奄至，十道進攻，粲眾驚潰，死傷太半，粲走保陽鄉。 稚等據其營，獲器械、軍資不可勝數。 及旦，粲見稚等兵少，更與劉雅生收餘眾攻之，漢主聰使太尉范隆帥騎助之，與稚等相持，苦戰二十餘日，不能下。 李矩進兵救之，漢兵臨河拒守，矩兵不得濟。 稚等殺其所獲牛馬，焚其軍資，突圍，奔虎牢。 詔以矩都督河南三郡諸軍事。
Li Ju sent Guo Mo and Guo Song to relieve Zhao Gu, and they encamped at the Luorui ford. Song secretly sent Generals Geng Zhi and others to cross the river by night and strike the Han camp. Yiguang, Prince of Beiqiu, discovered the move through scouts and warned Crown Prince Can to prepare. Can said: "They've heard Zhao Gu was beaten — they can barely save themselves. How would they dare come here? Don't alarm the troops!" Moments later Geng Zhi's force was upon them, attacking in ten columns. Can's army broke in panic; more than half were killed or wounded, and Can fled to Yangxiang. Geng Zhi's men seized the camp and captured weapons and supplies beyond counting. At daybreak Can saw how few Geng Zhi's men were and rallied the survivors with Liu Yasheng to counterattack. Emperor Cong sent Grand Commandant Fan Long with cavalry to help. The battle dragged on for more than twenty brutal days without either side breaking the other. Li Ju marched to their relief, but Han troops held the riverbank and kept his forces from crossing. Geng Zhi's men slaughtered their captured livestock, burned the supplies they had taken, broke out, and fled to Hulao. An edict made Li Ju commander over military affairs in the three Henan commanderies.
42
漢螽斯則百堂災，燒殺漢主聰之子會稽王康等二十一人。
Fire broke out in the Baixue Hall of the Locust Quarter in the Han palace, killing Emperor Cong's son Kang, Prince of Kuaiji, and twenty others.
43
聰以其子濟南王驥為大將軍、都督中外諸軍事、錄尚書，齊王勱為大司徒。
Cong appointed his son Ji, Prince of Jinan, Grand General, supreme commander of all armies, and chief overseer of the Masters of Writing; he made Prince of Qi Yue Grand Minister of Education.
44
焦嵩、陳安舉兵逼上邽，相國保遣使告急於張寔，寔遣金城太守竇濤督步騎二萬赴之。 軍至新陽，聞愍帝崩，保謀稱尊號。 破羌都尉張誥言於寔曰：「南陽王，國之疏屬，忘其大恥而亟欲自尊，必不能成功。 晉王近親，且有名德，當帥天下以奉之。」 寔從之，遣牙門蔡忠奉表詣建康； 比至，帝已即位。 寔不用江東年號，猶稱建興。
Jiao Song and Chen An raised armies and besieged Shanggui. Chancellor Bao sent desperate appeals to Zhang Shi, who dispatched Jincheng Administrator Dou Tao with twenty thousand foot and horse soldiers. When the army reached Xinyang, word came that Emperor Min was dead; Bao planned to proclaim himself emperor. Poyang Commandant Zhang Gao told Shi: "The Prince of Nanyang is a distant imperial kinsman who, forgetting the realm's deepest shame, is rushing to exalt himself — he cannot succeed. The Prince of Jin is a close kinsman of proven virtue — you should lead the realm in acknowledging him." Shi agreed and sent Gate Officer Cai Zhong to Jiankang with a loyal memorial; but by the time he arrived the new emperor was already enthroned. Zhang Shi kept the era name Jianxing and did not adopt the new reign title used in the lower Yangtze.
45
夏，四月，丁丑朔，日有食之。
In summer, on the first day of the fourth month, dingchou, there was a solar eclipse.
46
加王敦江州牧，王導驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。 導遣八部從事行揚州郡國，還，同時俱見。 諸從事各言二千石官長得失，獨顧和無言。 導問之，和曰：「明公作輔，寧使網漏吞舟，何緣采聽風聞，以察察為政邪！」 導咨嗟稱善。 和，榮之族子也。
Wang Dun was additionally appointed Governor of Jiangzhou; Wang Dao was made Cavalry General-in-Chief with a grand minister's staff and privileges equal to the Three Excellencies. Dao dispatched his eight department aides to inspect Yangzhou's commanderies and kingdoms; when they returned he received them all together. Each aide reported on the successes and failures of local administrators; only Gu He said nothing. When Dao pressed him, He replied: "As chief minister, would you not rather let the net miss the big fish than govern by picking up rumors and nitpicking every detail?" Dao sighed and praised him. Gu He was a kinsman of Gu Rong.
47
成丞相范長生卒； 成主雄以長生子侍中賁為丞相。 長生博學，多藝能，年近百歲，蜀人奉之如神。
Fan Changsheng, chancellor of Cheng, died; Lord Xiong of Cheng appointed Changsheng's son Ben, a palace attendant, as chancellor. Changsheng was deeply learned and master of many arts; nearing a hundred, the people of Shu revered him almost as a deity.
48
漢中常侍王沈養女有美色，漢主聰立以為左皇后。 尚書令王鑒、中書監崔懿之、中書令曹恂諫曰：「臣聞王者立後，比德乾坤，生承宗廟，沒配后土。 必擇世德名宗，幽閒令淑，乃副四海之望，稱神祇之心。 孝成帝以趙飛燕為後，使繼嗣絕滅，社稷為墟，此前鑒也。 自麟嘉以來，中宮之位，不以德舉。 借使沈之弟女，刑餘小丑，猶不可以塵污椒房，況其家婢邪！ 六宮妃嬪，皆公子公孫，奈何一旦以婢主之！ 臣恐非國家之福也。」 聰大怒，使中常侍宣懷謂太子粲曰：「鑒等小子，狂言侮慢，無復君臣上下之禮，其速考實！」 於是收鑒等送市，皆斬之。 金紫光祿大夫王延馳將入諫，門者弗通。 鑒等臨刑，王沈以杖叩之曰：「庸奴，復能為惡乎！ 乃公何與汝事！」 鑒瞋目叱之曰：「豎子，滅大漢者，正坐汝鼠輩與靳准耳！ 要當訴汝於先帝，取汝於地下治之。」 准謂鑒曰：「吾受詔收君，有何不善，君言漢滅由吾也！」 鑒曰：「汝殺皇太弟，使主上獲不友之名。 國家畜養汝輩，何得不滅！」 懿之謂准曰：「汝心如梟獍，必為國患，汝既食人，人亦當食汝。」 聰又立宣懷養女為中皇后。
Palace Attendant Wang Shen had a foster daughter renowned for her beauty; Emperor Cong made her Left Empress. Wang Jian, Minister of Writing; Cui Yizhi, Palace Secretary Supervisor; and Cao Xun, Palace Secretary, remonstrated: "When a king chooses an empress, she should mirror Heaven and Earth in virtue — sustaining the ancestral temples in life and joining Hou Tu in death. She must come from a house of hereditary virtue and eminent lineage, modest and gracious — only then can she satisfy the realm and win the spirits' approval. Emperor Cheng made Zhao Feiyan empress, and the line died out and the altars crumbled — that lesson stands before us. Since the Linjia era the inner palace has not been filled on grounds of virtue. Even Shen's own niece — a eunuch's wretched offspring — would still defile the empress's chambers; how much less a servant girl from his house! The consorts of the six palaces are all noble-born — how can a maid be set over them in a day! We fear this bodes ill for the state." Cong was furious and sent Palace Attendant Xuan Huai to tell Crown Prince Can: "Jian and his crew have spewed arrogant insults and cast off all propriety between ruler and subject — investigate them at once!" Jian and the others were arrested, marched to the market, and beheaded. Wang Yan, Grand Master of Golden Seal and Purple Girdle, rode at speed to remonstrate, but the gatekeepers refused him entry. At the execution Wang Shen beat them with a staff: "Worthless curs — can you still make trouble now! What was any of this to do with you!" Jian glared at him and shouted: "You brat — it is vermin like you and Jin Zhun who will destroy Great Han! I will accuse you before the late emperor and drag you under the earth to answer for this." Jin Zhun said to Jian: "I act on imperial orders — what crime is that? You blame me for Han's ruin!" Jian answered: "You murdered the Grand Imperial Younger Brother and left our lord with the name of an unfilial brother. The state has nurtured creatures like you — how can it fail to perish!" Cui Yizhi told Jin Zhun: "Your heart is that of a beast that devours its own kind — you are bound to bring disaster on the realm. You have fed on others; others will feed on you in turn." Cong went on to make Xuan Huai's adopted daughter his Central Empress.
49
司徒荀組在許昌，逼於石勒，帥其屬數百人渡江。 詔組與太保西陽王羕並錄尚書事。
Minister over the Masses Xun Zu was trapped at Xuchang by Shi Le and led several hundred followers across the Yangzi to the south. The court ordered Xun Zu and Grand Guardian Prince Xi Yang (Yang) to share responsibility for the Ministry of Writing.
50
段匹磾之奔疾陸眷喪也，劉琨使其世子群送之。 匹磾敗，群為段末柸所得。 末柸厚禮之，許以琨為幽州刺史，欲與之襲匹磾，密遣使繼群書，請琨為內應，為匹磾邏騎所得。 時琨別屯征北小城，不知也，來見匹磾。 匹磾以群書示琨曰：「意亦不疑公，是以白公耳。」 琨曰：「與公同盟，庶雪國家之恥，若兒書密達，亦終不以一子之故負公而忘義也。」 匹磾雅重琨，初無害琨意，將聽還屯。 其弟叔軍謂匹磾曰：「我，胡夷耳； 所以能服晉人者，畏吾眾也。 今我骨肉乖離，是其良圖之日； 若有奉琨以起，吾族盡矣。」 匹磾攻拔之。 代郡太守辟閭嵩、後將軍韓據復潛謀襲匹磾，事洩，匹磾執嵩、據及其徒黨，悉誅之。 五月，癸丑，匹磾稱詔收琨，縊殺之，並殺其子侄四人。 琨從事中郎盧諶、崔悅等帥琨餘眾奔遼西，依段末柸，奉劉群為主； 將佐多奔石勒。 悅，林之曾孫也。 朝廷以匹磾尚強，冀其能平河朔，乃不為琨舉哀。 溫嶠表：「琨盡忠帝室，家破身亡，宜在褒恤。」 盧諶、崔悅因末柸使者，亦上表為琨訟冤。 後數歲，乃贈琨太尉、侍中，謚曰愍。 於是夷、晉以琨死故，皆不附匹磾。 末柸遣其弟攻匹磾，匹磾帥其眾數千將奔邵續，勒將石越邀之於鹽山，大敗之，匹磾復還保薊。 末柸自稱幽州刺史。
When Duan Pidi hurried off to mourn Lu Juan, Liu Kun dispatched his heir Liu Qun to accompany him. Pidi suffered defeat, and Liu Qun fell into the hands of Duan Mocheng. Mocheng received him with every honor and promised to appoint Liu Kun Governor of Youzhou, intending to join forces against Pidi. He secretly sent a messenger with a letter from Qun urging Kun to act as an inside collaborator, but Pidi's scouts intercepted it. Liu Kun was camped separately at a small fort on the northern front and knew nothing of the plot. He came to visit Pidi. Pidi showed Liu Kun the letter and said: "I never doubted you — that is why I am telling you openly." Liu Kun replied: "We are allies in the cause of restoring the realm. Even if my son's letter had reached you secretly, I would never betray our bond for the sake of one child." Pidi had long respected Liu Kun and never intended to harm him; he was about to let him return to his camp. His younger brother Shujun said to Pidi: "We are Hu barbarians — the only reason the Jin people submit to us is fear of our strength. Now that our own kin are turning against us, this is their chance to strike; if they rally behind Liu Kun, our whole clan is finished." Pidi attacked and seized the fort. Pilu Song, prefect of Dai Commandery, and Rear General Han Ju again plotted secretly against Pidi. When the conspiracy was exposed, Pidi arrested Song, Ju, and their followers and put them all to death. In the fifth month, on the guichou day, Pidi claimed authority to arrest Liu Kun by imperial order, had him strangled, and killed four of his sons and nephews as well. Lu Chen and Cui Yue, Liu Kun's aides, led his remaining forces into Liaoxi, took refuge with Duan Mocheng, and rallied around Liu Qun as their leader; Many of his officers and staff defected to Shi Le. Cui Yue was a great-grandson of Cui Lin. The court, still counting on the powerful Pidi to pacify the north, declined to mourn Liu Kun. Wen Qiao memorialized the throne: "Liu Kun gave everything for the imperial house — his family ruined, his life forfeited. He deserves honor and relief." Lu Chen and Cui Yue sent memorials through Duan Mocheng's envoy as well, petitioning on Liu Kun's behalf. Only years later was Liu Kun posthumously named Grand Commandant and Palace Attendant, with the posthumous title Min ("Lamented"). After Liu Kun's death, both tribal peoples and Jin loyalists turned away from Pidi. Duan Mocheng sent his brother against Pidi. Pidi gathered several thousand men and tried to flee to Shao Xu, but Shi Le's general Shi Yue intercepted him at Mount Yan and routed his force. Pidi retreated once more to Jicheng. Duan Mocheng proclaimed himself Governor of Youzhou.
51
初，溫嶠為劉琨奉表詣建康，其母崔氏固止之，嶠絕裾而去。 既至，屢求返命，朝廷不許，會琨死，除散騎侍郎。 嶠聞母亡，阻亂不得奔喪、臨葬，固讓不拜，苦請北歸。 詔曰：「凡行禮者，當使理可經通。 今桀逆未梟，諸軍奉迎梓宮猶未得進，嶠以一身，於何濟其私難而不從王命邪！」 嶠不得已受拜。
Earlier, when Wen Qiao set out for Jiankang bearing Liu Kun's memorial, his mother Lady Cui tried hard to stop him. He tore free of her grasp — ripping the hem of his robe — and left. Once he arrived, he repeatedly asked permission to return north, but the court refused. When Liu Kun died, he was appointed Attendant Gentleman of the Dispersed Cavalry. When Wen Qiao learned his mother had died, the chaos of war prevented him from going home to mourn or attend her burial. He refused the appointment and pleaded desperately to return north. The emperor's reply read: "Rites must be grounded in what reason can sustain. The rebel has not yet been destroyed, and the armies escorting the imperial coffin still cannot move. How can one man's private grief outweigh obedience to the throne?" Wen Qiao had no choice but to accept.
52
初，曹嶷既據青州，乃叛漢來降。 又以建康懸遠，勢援不接，復與石勒相結，勒授嶷東州大將軍、青州牧，封琅邪公。
Earlier, after Cao Yi had taken control of Qingzhou, he broke with the Han state and surrendered to Jin. Finding Jiankang too distant for effective support, he allied himself with Shi Le again. Le made him Grand General of the Eastern Provinces and Governor of Qingzhou, and enfeoffed him as Duke of Langya.
53
六月，甲申，以刁協為尚書令，荀崧為左僕射。 協性剛悍，與物多忤，與侍中劉隗懼為帝所寵任； 欲矯時弊，每崇上抑下，排沮豪強，故為王氏所疾，諸刻碎之政，皆雲隗、協所建。 協又使酒放肆，侵毀公卿，見者皆側目憚之。
In the sixth month, on the jiashen day, Diao Xie was named Minister of Writing and Xun Song Left Vice Director. Diao Xie was fierce and uncompromising, often at odds with others. He and Palace Attendant Liu Kai were both deeply favored by the emperor; Seeking to reform the abuses of the day, they consistently favored the throne over the great families and moved against powerful clans. The Wang faction despised them, and every harsh, finicky policy was blamed on Liu Kai and Diao Xie. Diao Xie also drank heavily and behaved outrageously, insulting the highest ministers. Everyone who saw him flinched.
54
戊戌，封皇子晞為武陵王。
On the wuxu day, Prince Xi was enfeoffed as Prince of Wuling.
55
劉虎自朔方侵拓跋鬱律西部。 秋，七月，鬱律擊虎，大破之。 虎走出塞，從弟路孤帥其部落降於鬱律。 於是鬱律西取烏孫故地，東兼勿吉以西，士馬精強，雄於北方。
Liu Hu of Shuofang raided the western domains of Tuoba Yulü. In the seventh month of autumn, Yulü attacked Liu Hu and routed him. Liu Hu fled beyond the border. His clansman Lugu led their tribe in surrender to Yulü. Yulü then seized the old Wusun territories in the west and extended eastward to include the lands west of the Wuji. With crack troops and horses, he became the dominant power of the north.
56
漢主聰寢疾，征大司馬曜為丞相，石勒為大將軍，皆隸尚書事，受遺詔輔政。 曜、勒固辭。 乃以曜為丞相、領雍州牧，勒為大將軍、領幽、冀二州牧，勒辭不受。 以上洛王景為太宰，濟南王驥為大司馬，昌國公顗為太師，朱紀為太傅，呼延晏為太保，並錄尚書事； 范隆守尚書令、儀同三司，靳准為大司空、領司隸校尉，皆迭決尚書奏事。 癸亥，聰卒。 甲子，太子粲即位。 尊皇后靳氏為皇太后，樊氏號弘道皇后，武氏號弘德皇后，王氏號弘孝皇后； 立其妻靳氏為皇后，子元公為太子。 大赦，改元漢昌。 葬聰於宣光陵，謚曰昭武皇帝，廟號烈宗。 靳太后等皆年未盈二十，粲多行無禮，無復哀戚。
Han ruler Liu Cong fell gravely ill. He summoned Grand Marshal Liu Yao as Chancellor and Shi Le as Grand General, both to serve under the Ministry of Writing and receive his deathbed charge to govern jointly. Liu Yao and Shi Le both firmly declined. Cong then named Liu Yao Chancellor and Governor of Yongzhou, and Shi Le Grand General with authority over Youzhou and Jizhou — but Le refused to accept. He appointed Prince Shangluo (Jing) Grand Mentor, Prince Jinan (Ji) Grand Marshal, Duke of Changguo (Yi) Grand Preceptor, Zhu Ji Grand Tutor, and Huyan Yan Grand Guardian — all to share responsibility for the Ministry of Writing; Fan Long remained Minister of Writing with honors equal to the Three Excellencies. Jin Zhun became Grand Minister of Works and Inspector of the Capital District. They took turns deciding affairs of state. On the guihai day, Liu Cong died. On the jiazi day, Crown Prince Can took the throne. Empress Jin was elevated to Empress Dowager. Lady Fan was styled Grand Way Empress, Lady Wu Grand Virtue Empress, and Lady Wang Grand Filial Empress; He installed his wife Lady Jin as empress and named his son Prince Yuan crown prince. He proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the era name to Hanchang. Liu Cong was buried at Xuanguang Mausoleum with the posthumous title Emperor Zhaowu and temple name Liezong. Empress Dowager Jin and the other consorts were all under twenty. Can disported himself without restraint and showed no sign of mourning.
57
靳准陰有異志，私謂粲曰：「如聞諸公欲行伊、霍之事，先誅太保及臣，以大司馬統萬機，陛下宜早圖之！」 粲不從。 准懼，復使二靳氏言之，粲乃從之。 收其太宰景、大司馬驥、驥母弟車騎大將軍吳王逞、太師顗、大司徒齊王勱，皆殺之。 朱紀、范隆奔長安。 八月，粲治兵於上林，謀討石勒。 以丞相曜為相國、都督中外諸軍事，仍鎮長安； 靳准為大將軍、錄尚書事。 粲常游宴後宮。 軍國之事，一決於准。 准矯詔以從弟明為車騎將軍，康為衛將軍。
Jin Zhun nursed secret ambitions. Privately he told Can: "I hear the senior ministers mean to play Yi Yin and Huo Guang — kill the Grand Guardian and me first, then put the Grand Marshal in charge of everything. Your Majesty should strike before they do!" Can refused. Alarmed, Jin Zhun had the two Empresses Jin press the case. Can finally agreed. Can arrested Grand Mentor Jing, Grand Marshal Ji, Ji's younger maternal brother Prince Wu (Cheng), Grand Preceptor Yi, and Grand Minister of Education Prince Qi (Mo) — and had them all killed. Zhu Ji and Fan Long fled to Chang'an. In the eighth month, Can mustered troops at Shanglin, planning an expedition against Shi Le. He made Chancellor Liu Yao Chancellor of State and supreme commander of all forces, keeping him at Chang'an; and Jin Zhun Grand General with control of the Ministry of Writing. Can spent his days feasting in the inner palace. Every matter of war and state was Jin Zhun's alone to decide. Jin Zhun forged an edict making his clansmen Jin Ming General of Chariots and Cavalry and Jin Kang Defender General.
58
准將作亂，謀於王延。 延弗從，馳，將告之； 遇靳康，劫延以歸。 准遂勒兵升光極殿，使甲士執粲，數而殺之，謚曰隱帝。 劉氏男女，無少長皆斬東市。 發永光、宣光二陵，斬聰屍，焚其宗廟。 准自號大將軍、漢天王，稱制，置百官，謂安定胡嵩曰：「自古無胡人為天子者，今以傳國璽付汝，還如晉家。」 嵩不敢受； 准怒，殺之。 遣使告司州刺史李矩曰：「劉淵，屠各小丑，因晉之亂。 矯稱天命，使二帝幽沒。 輒帥眾扶侍梓宮，請以上聞。」 矩馳表於帝，帝遣太常韓胤等奉迎梓宮。 漢尚書北宮純等招集晉人，堡於東宮，靳康攻滅之。 准欲以王延為左光祿大夫，延罵曰：「屠各逆奴，何不速殺我！ 以吾左目置西陽門，觀相國之入也； 右目置建春門，觀大將軍之入也！」 准殺之。
Jin Zhun was preparing a coup and confided in Wang Yan. Wang Yan refused and galloped off to expose the plot; but Jin Kang intercepted him and dragged him back. Jin Zhun then marched his troops into the Hall of Grand Ultimate, had Can seized by armored guards, denounced his crimes, and killed him — posthumous title: Emperor Yin. Every man and woman of the Liu clan, young and old alike, was executed at the Eastern Market. They opened the Yongguang and Xuanguang tombs, beheaded Liu Cong's corpse, and burned the ancestral temples. Jin Zhun proclaimed himself Grand General and Heavenly King of Han, assumed imperial authority, and installed a full bureaucracy. To Hu Song of Anding he said: "No barbarian has ever truly ruled as Son of Heaven. Take the Imperial Seal and restore it to the Jin." Hu Song dared not accept. Jin Zhun killed him in a rage. He sent envoys to Li Ju, Governor of Sizhou: "Liu Yuan was a petty Tuge chieftain who seized on Jin's collapse. He falsely claimed Heaven's mandate and brought the Two Emperors to a shameful end. I have now gathered forces to escort the imperial coffin north and ask that you report this to the throne." Li Ju rushed word to the emperor, who dispatched Grand Master of Ceremonies Han Yin and others to receive the coffin. Beigong Chun and other Han ministers rallied Jin loyalists in a fort at the Eastern Palace. Jin Kang attacked and wiped them out. Jin Zhun offered Wang Yan the post of Left Grandee of Splendid Happiness. Wang Yan raged: "Tuge rebel — kill me now if you dare! Plant my left eye at the Xiyang Gate to watch Liu Yao march in; and my right eye at the Jianchun Gate to watch Shi Le ride in!" Jin Zhun had him killed.
59
相國曜聞亂，自長安赴之。 石勒帥精銳五萬以討准，據襄陵北原。 准數挑戰，勒堅壁以挫之。 冬，十月，曜至赤壁。 太保呼延晏等自平陽歸之，與太傅朱紀等共上尊號。 曜即皇帝位，大赦，惟靳准一門不在赦例。 改元光初。 以朱紀領司徒，呼延晏領司空，太尉范隆以下悉復本位。 以石勒為大司馬、大將軍，加九錫，增封十郡，進爵為趙公。
Chancellor of State Liu Yao heard of the coup and rushed from Chang'an. Shi Le marched fifty thousand elite troops against Jin Zhun and camped on the plain north of Xiangling. Jin Zhun repeatedly offered battle; Shi Le held his lines and refused to engage. In the tenth month of winter, Liu Yao reached Chibi. Grand Guardian Huyan Yan and others came from Pingyang to join him. Together with Grand Tutor Zhu Ji and the rest, they urged Liu Yao to take the throne. Liu Yao took the throne at once and proclaimed a general amnesty — except for the house of Jin Zhun, which was excluded entirely. The era name was changed to Guangchu. Zhu Ji became Minister of Education, Huyan Yan Minister of Works, and Grand Commandant Fan Long and the rest were restored to their former ranks. Shi Le was named Grand Marshal and Grand General, granted the Nine Bestowals, given ten additional commanderies, and ennobled as Duke of Zhao.
60
勒進攻准於平陽，巴及羌、羯降者十餘萬落，勒皆徙之於所部郡縣。 漢主曜使征北將軍劉雅、鎮北將軍劉策屯汾陰，與勒共討准。
Shi Le pressed the siege of Jin Zhun at Pingyang. More than a hundred thousand surrendered Ba, Qiang, and Jie households were resettled across the territories under his command. Han emperor Liu Yao dispatched Northern Campaign General Liu Ya and Northern Garrison General Liu Ce to camp at Fenyin and join Shi Le against Jin Zhun.
61
十一月，乙卯，日夜出，高三丈。
In the eleventh month, on the yimao day, a daybreak star appeared, towering three zhang high.
62
詔以王敦為荊州牧，加陶侃都督交州諸軍事。 敦固辭州牧，乃聽為刺史。
An edict named Wang Dun governor of Jingzhou and made Tao Kan commander over military affairs in Jiaozhou. Wang Dun firmly declined the governorship and was allowed to remain inspector instead.
63
庚申，詔群公卿士各陳得失。 御史中丞熊遠上疏，以為：「胡賊猾夏，梓宮未返，而不能遣軍進討，一失也； 群官不以仇賊未報為恥，務在調戲、酒食而已，二失也； 選官用人，不料實德，惟在白望，不求才幹，惟事請托，當官者以治事為俗吏，奉法為苛刻，盡禮為諂諛，從容為高妙，放蕩為達士，驕蹇為簡雅，三失也； 世之所惡者，陸沈泥滓； 時之所善者，翱翔雲霄。 是以萬機未整，風俗偽薄。 朝廷群司，以從順為善，相違見貶，安得朝有辨爭之臣，士無祿仕之志乎！ 古之取士，敷奏以言； 今光祿不試，甚違古義。 又舉賢不出世族，用法不及權貴，是以才不濟務，奸無所懲。 若此道不改，求以救亂，難矣！」
On gengshen day, an edict called on all the great officers and officials to speak frankly of the court's strengths and failings. Censor-in-Chief Xiong Yuan submitted a memorial arguing: "Barbarian raiders run riot in the heartland, the imperial coffin still has not come home, and yet no army is sent to strike them — that is the first failure; the officials feel no shame that the enemy remains unavenged and busy themselves only with jest and feasting — that is the second failure; in appointments, real merit counts for nothing while empty reputation decides all; patronage replaces talent; officeholders treat diligence as clerkish, lawfulness as harshness, courtesy as flattery, ease as refinement, dissipation as enlightenment, and arrogance as elegance — that is the third failure; what the age despises is sinking into the mud; what the times applaud is soaring above the clouds. Because of this, state affairs remain unsettled and public morals hollow and corrupt. Every office at court treats compliance as virtue and punishes dissent — how can there be ministers willing to argue in open debate, or gentlemen who still seek office for the public good rather than a salary! In antiquity, men were chosen by how they spoke and presented themselves; today the Director of Retainers no longer examines candidates at all — a grave departure from ancient practice. Worthy men are drawn only from the great clans, and the law never touches the powerful — so talent fails the state's needs and the wicked go unpunished. Unless this course is changed, there is little hope of saving the realm from chaos!"
64
先是，帝以離亂之際，欲慰悅人心，州郡秀、孝至者，不試，普皆署吏。 尚書陳頵亦上言：「宜漸循舊制，試以經策。」 帝從之，仍詔：「不中科者，刺史、太守免官。」 於是秀、孝皆不敢行，其有到者，亦皆托疾，比三年無就試者。 帝欲特除孝廉已到者官，尚書郎孔坦奏議，以為：「近郡懼累君父，皆不敢行； 遠郡冀於不試，冒昧來赴。 今若偏加除署，是為謹身奉法者失分，僥倖投射者得官，頹風傷教，恐從此始。 不若一切罷歸，而為之延期，使得就學，則法均而令信矣。」 帝從之，聽孝廉申至七年乃試。 坦，愉之從子也。
Earlier, in the turmoil of civil war, the emperor had sought to reassure the people: Filial and Incorrupt candidates arriving from the provinces were exempted from examination and appointed to office outright. Minister of Writing Chen Yun also urged: "The court should gradually restore the old system and examine candidates on the classics and policy essays." The emperor agreed and added an edict: "If a candidate fails the examination, the inspector and prefect who recommended him shall be dismissed." At that, recommended candidates refused to travel at all; those who had already arrived pleaded illness, and for nearly three years not one came forward to be examined. The emperor wanted to appoint the Filial and Incorrupt candidates who had already arrived, but Secretariat Gentleman Kong Tan argued: "Candidates from nearby commanderies, fearing to ruin their recommending officials, refused to travel; those from distant commanderies, hoping to escape examination, came anyway in reckless hope of reward. If the court now appoints only those who arrived, the careful and law-abiding will be cheated while lucky opportunists gain office — a corrupt precedent that could ruin public morals for good. Better to send them all home, extend the deadline, and let them prepare properly — then the law would be fair and the command respected." The emperor accepted this and allowed Filial and Incorrupt candidates to petition for deferral until the seventh year before examination. Kong Tan was a nephew of Kong Yu.
65
靳准使侍中卜泰送乘輿、服御，請和於石勒，勒囚泰，送於漢主曜。 曜謂泰曰：「先帝末年，實亂大倫。 司空行伊、霍之權，使朕及此，其功大矣。 若早迎大駕者，當悉以政事相委，況免死乎！ 卿為朕入城，具宣此意。」 泰還平陽，准自以殺曜母兄，沈吟未從。 十二月，左、右車騎將軍喬泰、王騰、衛將軍靳康等相與殺准，推尚書令靳明為主，遣卜泰奉傳國六璽降漢。 石勒大怒，進軍攻明； 明出戰，大敗，乃嬰城固守。
Jin Zhun sent Palace Attendant Bu Tai with the imperial carriage and regalia to sue for peace with Shi Le. Le imprisoned Tai and sent him to Han ruler Liu Yao. Yao told Tai: "In his final years the Former Emperor truly overturned the natural order of the realm. The Minister of Works wielded the power of Yi Yin and Huo Guang and put me on the throne — his service was immense. Had he welcomed the imperial carriage sooner, I would have entrusted him with the whole government — to say nothing of sparing his life! Go back into the city for me and make this intention fully known." Tai returned to Pingyang, but Zhun — knowing he had killed Yao's mother and elder brother — wavered and would not agree. In the twelfth month, Left and Right Generals of Chariots and Cavalry Qiao Tai and Wang Teng, Defender General Jin Kang, and others killed Zhun together, made Minister of Writing Jin Ming their leader, and sent Bu Tai with the six imperial seals to surrender to Han. Shi Le was furious and marched against Jin Ming; Ming gave battle, was routed, and then shut himself inside the city to hold out.
66
丁丑，封皇子煥為琅邪王。 煥，鄭夫人之子，生二年矣，帝愛之，以其疾篤，故王之。 己卯，薨。 帝以成人之禮葬之，備吉凶儀服，營起園陵，功費甚廣。 琅邪國右常侍會稽孫霄上疏諫曰：「古者凶荒殺禮，況今海內喪亂，憲章舊制，猶宜節省。 而禮典所無，顧崇飾如是乎！ 竭已罷之民，營無益之事，殫已困之財，修無用之費，此臣之所不安也。」 帝不從。
On dingchou day, the emperor enfeoffed his son Huan as Prince of Langya. Huan was Lady Zheng's son, only two years old. The emperor adored him and, because the boy was gravely ill, enfeoffed him as a prince. On jimao day, he died. The emperor buried him with full adult rites, complete ceremonial dress for life and death, and built a princely tomb and park at enormous expense. Sun Xiao of Kuaiji, Right Regular Attendant of Langya, remonstrated: "In ancient times, rites were cut back in famine and disaster — how much more now, with the empire in chaos, should old regulations be kept with restraint! Yet what the ritual canon never prescribed — why honor it with such lavish display! To drain a people already exhausted for useless work, and spend a treasury already empty on useless expense — that is what troubles your servant." The emperor refused.
67
彭城內史周撫殺沛國內史周默，以其眾降石勒。 詔下邳內史劉遐領鼓城內史，與徐州刺史蔡豹、泰山太守徐龕共討之。 豹，質之玄孫也。
Pengcheng interior secretary Zhou Fu killed Pei interior secretary Zhou Mo and surrendered to Shi Le with his troops. An edict put Xiapi interior secretary Liu Xia in charge as Pengcheng interior secretary and ordered him, with Xuzhou inspector Cai Bao and Taishan prefect Xu Kan, to suppress Zhou Fu. Cai Bao was the great-great-grandson of Cai Zhi.
68
石虎帥幽、冀之兵會石勒攻平陽，靳明屢敗，遣使求救於漢。 漢主曜使劉雅、劉策迎之，明帥平陽士女萬五千人奔漢。 曜西屯粟邑，收靳氏男女，無少長皆斬之。 曜迎其母胡氏之喪於平陽，葬於粟邑，號曰陽陵，謚曰宣明皇太后。 石勒焚平陽宮室，使裴憲、石會修永光、宣光二陵，收漢主粲已下百餘口葬之，置戍而歸。
Shi Hu led troops from Youzhou and Jizhou to join Shi Le in the assault on Pingyang. Jin Ming suffered repeated defeats and sent envoys begging Han for help. Han ruler Liu Yao sent Liu Ya and Liu Ce to receive him. Jin Ming fled to Han with fifteen thousand men and women from Pingyang. Yao encamped west at Suyi, seized every man and woman of the Jin clan, and beheaded them without regard to age. Yao brought his mother Lady Hu's coffin from Pingyang and buried her at Suyi in a tomb called Yangling, posthumously titled Empress Dowager Xuanming. Shi Le burned the palaces of Pingyang, put Pei Xian and Shi Hui to restoring the Yongguang and Xuangguang tombs, gathered more than a hundred members of Han ruler Can's house for burial, left garrisons, and withdrew.
69
成梁州刺史李鳳數有功，成主雄兄子稚在晉壽，疾之。 鳳以巴西叛，雄自至涪，使太傅驤討鳳，斬之； 以李壽為前將軍，督巴西軍事。
Li Feng, Cheng's governor of Liangzhou, had won repeated victories, but Zhi — a nephew of Lord of Cheng Xiong — was at Jinshou and hated him. When Feng rebelled from Baxi, Xiong went in person to Fu, sent Grand Tutor Li Xiang against him, and had him executed; and appointed Li Shou Forward General with command over military affairs in Baxi.