1
資治通鑑第091卷
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 91
2
【晉紀十三】起屠維單閼，盡重光大荒落，凡三年。
[Jin Records 13] This record runs from the year Tuxi Danque through Chongguang Dahuangluo—a span of three years.
3
中宗元皇帝中太興二年（ 己卯，公元三一九年）
The second year of Taixing under Emperor Yuan of Jin ( jimao, 319 CE)
4
春，二月，劉遐、徐龕擊周撫於寒山，破斬之。 初，掖人蘇峻帥鄉里數千家結壘以自保，遠近多附之。 曹嶷惡其強，將攻之，峻帥眾浮海來奔。 帝以峻為鷹揚將軍，助劉遐討周撫，有功； 詔以遐為臨淮太守，峻為淮陵內史。
In spring, in the second month, Liu Xia and Xu Kan attacked Zhou Fu at Han Mountain, routed his forces, and executed him. Earlier, Su Jun of Ye had rallied several thousand local households behind fortified camps for self-defense, and people from far and wide flocked to his banner. Cao Ni, alarmed by his growing power, prepared to attack him, so Jun took his followers by sea and came over to the Jin court. The emperor made Jun General Who Displays the Hawk; he aided Liu Xia against Zhou Fu and distinguished himself in the campaign; and an edict appointed Xia Administrator of Linhuai and Jun Interior Minister of Huailing.
5
石勒遣左長史王修獻捷於漢，漢主曜遣兼司徒郭汜授勒太宰、領大將軍，進爵趙王，加殊禮，出警入蹕，如曹公輔漢故事； 拜王修及其副劉茂皆為將軍，封列侯。 修舍人曹平樂從修至粟邑，因留仕漢，言於曜曰：「大司馬遣修等來，外表至誠，內覘大駕強弱，俟其覆命，將襲乘輿。」 時漢兵實疲弊，曜信之。 乃追汜還，斬修於市。 三月，勒還至襄國。 劉茂逃歸，言修死狀。 勒大怒曰：「孤事劉氏，於人臣之職有加矣。 彼之基業，皆孤所為，今既得志，還欲相圖。 趙王、趙帝，孤自為之，何待於彼邪！」 乃誅曹平樂三族。
Shi Le sent his chief clerk on the left, Wang Xiu, to report his victories to the Han court. Liu Yao dispatched Guo Si, acting Minister of Works, to invest Le as Grand Preceptor and Commander-in-Chief, raise him to King of Zhao with extraordinary honors, and grant him the imperial escort on coming and going—the same privileges Cao Cao had enjoyed as regent of Han. Wang Xiu and his deputy Liu Mao were both made generals and enfeoffed as full marquises. Xiu's retainer Cao Pingle had accompanied him as far as Suyi, then stayed behind to serve the Han court. He told Yao, 'The Grand Marshal sent Xiu and his party with a show of utmost loyalty, but their real aim was to gauge Your Majesty's strength. Once they bring back their report, they mean to strike at the imperial train.' The Han armies were in truth exhausted, and Yao believed him. He recalled Guo Si and had Xiu beheaded in the marketplace. In the third month, Le returned to Xiangguo. Liu Mao escaped and brought word of Xiu's execution. Le flew into a rage. 'I have served the Liu house far beyond what any subject owes,' he said. Their whole foundation was my work. Now that they have what they wanted, they turn around and plot against me. King of Zhao, Emperor of Zhao—I will take those titles myself. Why should I wait on them?' He then exterminated Cao Pingle's clan to the third degree.
6
帝令群臣議郊祀，尚書令刁協等以為宜須還洛乃修之。 司徒荀組等曰：「漢獻帝都許，即行郊祀。 何必洛邑！」 帝從之，立郊丘於建康城之巳地。 辛卯，帝親祀南郊。 以未有北郊，並地祗合祭之，詔：「琅邪恭王宜稱皇考。」 賀循曰：「《禮》，子不敢以己爵加於父。」 乃止。
The emperor ordered his ministers to debate the suburban sacrifices. Diao Xie, Director of the Masters of Writing, and others argued that the rites should wait until the court returned to Luoyang. Minister over the Masses Xun Zu and others replied, 'When Emperor Xian of Han made Xu his capital, he performed the suburban sacrifices right away. Why insist on Luoyang?' The emperor agreed and established the suburban altar in the si quarter of Jiankang. On the day xinmao the emperor personally offered sacrifice at the southern suburb. With no northern suburban altar yet in place, he combined the rites for the earth spirit with those for Heaven. An edict declared that the Respectful Prince of Langye should be styled Imperial Father. He Xun objected: 'The Rites teach that a son must not set his own rank above his father's.' "The proposal was dropped."
7
初，蓬陂塢主陳川自稱陳留太守。 祖逖之攻樊雅也，川遣其將李頭助之。 頭力戰有功，逖厚遇之。 頭每歎曰：「得此人為主，吾死無恨！」 川聞而殺之。 頭黨馮寵帥其眾降逖，川益怒，大掠豫州諸郡，逖遣兵擊破之。 夏，四月，川以浚儀叛，降石勒。
Earlier, Chen Chuan, lord of the Pengpo stockade, had proclaimed himself Administrator of Chenliu. When Zu Ti attacked Fan Ya, Chuan sent his general Li Tou to reinforce him. Tou fought with conspicuous valor, and Ti treated him with great favor. Tou often sighed, 'If only a man like this were my lord, I could die without regret!' When Chuan heard of this, he had him killed. Tou's comrade Feng Chong led his men over to Zu Ti. Chuan, enraged, launched wide raids across Yuzhou until Ti sent forces and routed him. In summer, in the fourth month, Chuan rebelled from Junyi and went over to Shi Le.
8
周撫之敗走也，徐龕部將於藥追斬之，及朝廷論功，而劉遐先之； 龕怒，以泰山叛，降石勒，自稱兗州刺史。
After Zhou Fu's defeat and flight, Xu Kan's officer Yu Yao ran him down and killed him. When the court weighed rewards for the victory, Liu Xia claimed priority; Kan, furious, rebelled from Taishan, submitted to Shi Le, and proclaimed himself Inspector of Yanzhou.
9
漢主曜還，都長安，立妃羊氏為皇后，子熙為皇太子，封子襲為長樂王，闡為太原王，沖為淮南王，敞為齊王，高為魯王，徽為楚王； 諸宗室皆進封郡王。 羊氏，即故惠帝后也。 曜嘗問之曰：「吾何如司馬家兒？」 羊氏曰：「陛下開基之聖主，彼亡國之暗夫，何可並言！ 彼貴為帝王，有一婦、一子及身三耳，曾不能庇。 妾於爾時，實不欲生，意謂世間男子皆然。 自奉巾櫛已來，始知天下自有丈夫耳！」 曜甚寵之，頗干預國事。
Liu Yao of Han returned to Chang'an as his capital. He made his consort Lady Yang empress and his son Xi crown prince, and enfeoffed his sons: Xi as Prince of Changle, Chan as Prince of Taiyuan, Chong as Prince of Huainan, Chang as Prince of Qi, Gao as Prince of Lu, and Hui as Prince of Chu; and advanced every member of the imperial clan to princely rank within their commanderies. Lady Yang was none other than the former empress of Emperor Hui of Jin. Yao once asked her, 'How do I measure against that Sima boy?' She replied, 'Your Majesty is a sage who is founding a new realm; he was a benighted ruler of a fallen dynasty—there is no comparing the two! Though he sat as Son of Heaven, he had only a wife, a son, and his own person—three lives in all—and could not even protect them. In those days I truly wished I were dead; I thought every man in the world must be the same. Only since I entered your service have I learned that the world still holds a true man!' Yao doted on her, and she came to meddle extensively in affairs of state.
10
南陽王保自稱晉王，改元建康，置百官，以張寔為征西大將軍、開府儀同三司。 陳安自稱秦州刺史，降於漢，又降於成。 上邽大饑，士眾困迫，張春奉保之南安祁山。 寔遣韓璞帥步騎五千救之； 陳安退保綿諸，保歸上邽。 未幾，保復為安所逼，寔遣其將宋毅救之，安乃退。
Prince Bao of Nanyang proclaimed himself King of Jin, adopted the era name Jiankang, set up a full court, and appointed Zhang Shi Grand General Who Conquers the West with privileges equal to the Three Excellencies. Chen An proclaimed himself Inspector of Qinzhou, submitted to Han, then switched to Cheng Han. Famine struck Shanggui; troops and civilians were desperate, and Zhang Chun led Bao to Qishan in Nan'an. Zhang Shi sent Han Pu with five thousand infantry and cavalry to relieve him; Chen An fell back to Mianzhu, and Bao returned to Shanggui. Before long Bao was harried again by Chen An; Zhang Shi sent his general Song Yi to the rescue, and An withdrew.
11
江東大饑，詔百官各上封事。 益州刺史應詹上疏曰：「元康以來，賤《經》尚道，以玄虛宏放為夷達，以儒術清儉為鄙俗。 宜崇獎儒官，以新俗化。」
Famine ravaged the lands east of the Yangzi, and the emperor ordered every official to submit sealed memorials with policy recommendations. Ying Zhan, Inspector of Yizhou, wrote: 'Since the Yuankang era the Classics have been scorned while empty speculation has been prized; vagueness and libertine display pass for sophistication, while Confucian learning and plain frugality are dismissed as vulgar. The court should honor Confucian scholars and officials so as to renew the manners of the age.'
12
祖逖攻陳川於蓬關，石勒遣石虎將兵五萬救之，戰於浚儀，逖兵敗，退屯梁國。 勒又遣桃豹將兵至蓬關，逖退屯淮南。 虎徙川部眾五千戶於襄國，留豹守川故城。
Zu Ti attacked Chen Chuan at Peng Pass. Shi Le sent Shi Hu with fifty thousand men to relieve him. They fought at Junyi; Zu Ti was beaten and fell back to Liang. Le then sent Tao Bao to Peng Pass, and Zu Ti withdrew to Huainan. Hu relocated five thousand of Chuan's households to Xiangguo and left Bao to hold Chuan's old stronghold.
13
石勒遣石虎擊鮮卑日六延於朔方，大破之，斬首二萬級，俘虜三萬餘人。 孔萇攻幽州諸郡，悉取之。 段匹磾士眾饑散，欲移保上谷，代王鬱律勒兵將擊之，匹磾棄妻子奔樂陵，依邵續。
Shi Le sent Shi Hu against the Xianbei leader Riliuyan at Shuofang, crushed his forces, took twenty thousand heads, and captured more than thirty thousand people. Kong Chang overran the commanderies of Youzhou and seized them all. Duan Pidi's troops, starving, broke apart. As he tried to withdraw to Shanggu, the Prince of Dai Yulü marched against him. Pidi abandoned his wife and children and fled to Leling, where he placed himself under Shao Xu's protection.
14
曹嶷遣使賂石勒，請以河為境，勒許之。
Cao Ni sent envoys bearing gifts to Shi Le, proposing the Yellow River as their mutual border, and Le agreed.
15
梁州刺史周訪擊杜曾，大破之。 馬俊等執曾以降，訪斬之，並獲荊州刺史第五猗，送於武昌。 訪以猗本中朝所署，加有時望，白王敦不宜殺，敦不聽而斬之。 初，敦患杜曾難制，謂訪曰：「若擒曾，當相論為荊州。」 及曾死而敦不用。 王廙在荊州，多殺陶侃將佐； 以皇甫方回為侃所敬，責其不詣己，收斬之。 士民怨怒，上下不安。 帝聞之，征廙為散騎常侍，以周訪代為荊州刺史。 王敦忌訪威名，意難之。 從事中郎郭舒說敦曰：「鄙州雖荒弊，乃用武之國，不可以假人，宜自領之，訪為梁州足矣。」 敦從之。 六月，丙子，詔加訪安南將軍，餘如故。 訪大怒，敦手書譬解，並遺玉環、玉碗以申厚意。 訪抵之於地，曰：「吾豈賈豎，可以寶悅邪！」 訪在襄陽，務農訓兵，陰有圖敦之志，守宰有缺輒補，然後言上； 敦患之，而不能制。
Zhou Fang, Inspector of Liangzhou, attacked Du Zeng and won a crushing victory. Ma Jun and others seized Zeng and surrendered him. Fang executed him, also captured Di Yi, Inspector of Jingzhou, and sent him to Wuchang. Fang urged Wang Dun not to kill Yi, noting that he had been appointed by the central court and still commanded respect; Dun ignored him and had Yi executed. Earlier Dun had complained that Du Zeng was hard to subdue and told Fang, 'If you take Zeng, I will see that you receive Jingzhou.' When Zeng was dead, Dun went back on his word. Wang Yi, as governor of Jingzhou, executed many of Tao Kan's officers and aides; and because Huangfu Fanghui was a man Tao Kan revered, Yi blamed him for failing to pay a courtesy call, seized him, and put him to death. Officials and commoners seethed with resentment, and the province was in turmoil. When word reached the emperor, he recalled Yi to court as Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry and appointed Zhou Fang Inspector of Jingzhou in his place. Wang Dun, jealous of Fang's reputation, bridled at the appointment. Guo Shu, his attendant gentleman, urged him: 'Jingzhou may be poor and remote, but it is a martial province and must not be handed to another. You should keep it yourself; making Fang Inspector of Liangzhou is honor enough.' Dun took his advice. In the sixth month, on the day bingzi, an edict promoted Fang to General Who Pacifies the South while leaving his other titles unchanged. Fang was furious. Dun wrote him a personal letter of apology and sent jade rings and a jade bowl as tokens of esteem. Fang hurled them to the ground. 'Do you take me for a peddler,' he cried, 'to be bought off with jewels?' At Xiangyang, Fang devoted himself to agriculture and drill, secretly planning against Dun. Whenever a local post fell vacant he filled it on his own authority and only then informed the court; Dun chafed at this but could not restrain him.
16
魏該為胡寇所逼，自宜陽帥眾南遷新野，助周訪討杜曾有功，拜順陽太守。
Pressed by barbarian raiders, Wei Gai led his people south from Yiyang to Xinye. He aided Zhou Fang against Du Zeng and was rewarded with the post of Administrator of Shunyang.
17
趙固死，郭誦留屯陽翟，石生屢攻之，不能克。
After Zhao Gu's death, Guo Song held Yangzhai. Shi Sheng attacked again and again but could not take the city.
18
漢主曜立宗廟、社稷、南北郊於長安，詔曰：「吾之先，興於北方。 光文立漢宗廟以從民望。 今宜改國號，以單于為祖。 亟議以聞！」 群臣奏：「光文始封盧奴伯，陛下又王中山； 中山，趙分也，請改國號為趙。」 從之。 以冒頓配天，光文配上帝。
Liu Yao of Han established ancestral temples, the altars of soil and grain, and the suburban altars at Chang'an. His edict read: 'Our forebears rose in the north. Emperor Guangwen set up Han ancestral temples to satisfy popular expectation. Now the dynastic name should be changed, with the Chanyu as our founding ancestor. Deliberate at once and report your conclusions!' The ministers replied: 'Emperor Guangwen was first enfeoffed as Marquis of Lunu, and Your Majesty was made Prince of Zhongshan; Zhongshan is the Zhao allotment. We ask that the dynastic name be changed to Zhao.' The emperor agreed. Modu was worshipped as counterpart to Heaven; Guangwen as counterpart to the Supreme Lord.
19
徐龕寇掠濟、岱，破東莞。 帝問將帥可以討龕者於王導，導以為太子左衛率太山羊鑒，龕之州裡冠族，必能制之。 鑒深辭，才非將帥，郗鑒亦表鑒非才，不可使； 導不從。 秋，八月，以羊鑒為征虜將軍、征討都督，督徐州刺史蔡豹、臨淮太守劉遐、鮮卑段文鴦等討之。
Xu Kan raided Ji and Dai and overran Dongguan. The emperor asked Wang Dao which general could subdue Kan. Dao named Yang Jian of Taishan, Left Commandant of the Crown Prince's Guard—a leading man of Kan's own province who would surely bring him to heel. Jian declined firmly, protesting that he lacked a commander's gifts; Xi Jian also memorialized that Jian was unfit for the post; Dao would not hear of it. In autumn, in the eighth month, Yang Jian was appointed General Who Captures Barbarians and supreme commander of the campaign, directing Cai Bao, Inspector of Xuzhou, Liu Xia, Administrator of Linhuai, the Xianbei chief Duan Wenyang, and others against Kan.
20
冬，石勒左、右長史張敬、張賓、左、右司馬張屈六、程遐等，勸勒稱尊號，勒不許。 十一月，將佐等復請勒稱大將軍、大單于、領冀州牧、趙王，依漢昭烈在蜀、魏武在鄴故事，以河內等二十四郡為趙國，太守皆為內史，准《禹貢》，復冀州之境，以大單于鎮撫百蠻，罷並、朔、司三州，通置部司以監之； 勒許之。 戊寅，即趙王位，大赦，依春秋時列國稱元年。
In winter, Zhang Jing and Zhang Bin, Le's chief clerks on left and right, together with Zhang Qu and Cheng Xia, his majors on left and right, urged him to take an imperial title. Le refused. In the eleventh month his generals and staff renewed their plea that he take the titles Grand General, Grand Chanyu, Governor of Jizhou, and King of Zhao—following the precedents of Liu Bei in Shu and Cao Cao at Ye. Twenty-four commanderies including Henei would form the State of Zhao, with every administrator made an interior minister; borders would be redrawn to match the Tribute of Yu's description of Jizhou; the Grand Chanyu would pacify the barbarian peoples; and the three provinces Bing, Shuo, and Si would be abolished in favor of supervisory offices; Le consented. On the day wuyin he assumed the title King of Zhao, proclaimed a general amnesty, and—following the custom of the Spring and Autumn states—dated his reign from year one.
21
初，勒以世亂，律令煩多，命法曹令史貫志，採集其要，作《辛亥制》五千文； 施行十餘年，乃用律令。 以理曹參軍上黨續鹹為律學祭酒； 鹹用法詳平，國人稱之。 以中壘將軍支雄、游擊將軍王陽領門臣祭酒，專主胡人辭訟，重禁胡人，不得陵侮衣冠華族，號胡為國人。 遣使循行州郡，勸課農桑。 朝會始用天子禮樂、衣冠、儀物，從容可觀矣。 加張賓大執法，專總朝政； 以石虎為單于元輔、都督禁衛諸軍事，尋加驃騎將軍、侍中、開府，賜爵中山公； 自餘群臣，授位進爵各有差。 張賓任遇優顯，群臣莫及； 而廉虛敬慎，開懷下士，屏絕阿私，以身帥物，入則盡規，出則歸美。 勒甚重之，每朝，常為之正容貌，簡辭令，呼曰右侯而不敢名。
Earlier, finding the age chaotic and the laws unwieldy, Le had Guan Zhi of the law office distill their essentials into the Xinhaizhi Regulations, five thousand characters in all; These regulations governed the realm for more than a decade before the full body of statutes came into force. Xu Xian of Shangdang, an aide in the Bureau of Justice, was appointed Libationer of Legal Studies; Xian applied the law with meticulous fairness, and the people praised him. Zhi Xiong, General of the Central Ramparts, and Wang Yang, General Who Sweeps Away Bandits, were put in charge of barbarian litigation as Libationers of the Court Retainers. Barbarians were strictly forbidden to bully the Chinese gentry, and were officially styled 'people of the state.' He dispatched envoys to tour the provinces and commanderies, urging the people to farm and raise silkworms. Court assemblies now employed the ritual music, robes, and ceremonial regalia of the Son of Heaven, and the proceedings took on a dignified, imposing air. Zhang Bin was promoted to Grand Enforcer with exclusive control of the government; Shi Hu was made Chanyu Chief Minister and commander of all palace-guard forces, then promoted to General of Agile Cavalry, Palace Attendant, and Director with privileges equal to the Three Excellencies, and enfeoffed as Duke of Zhongshan; the remaining ministers received offices and promotions according to their merits. Zhang Bin stood above every other minister in rank and favor; yet he remained modest, reverent, and open-handed with scholars, shunning flattery and private favor. He led by example, gave his lord frank counsel in private, and in public gave credit to others. Le held him in the highest regard. At every court session he composed his bearing and chose his words carefully, addressing him as 'Lord on the Right' rather than daring to speak his name.
22
十二月，乙亥，大赦。
In the twelfth month, on the day yihai, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
23
平州刺史崔毖，自以中州人望，鎮遼東，而士民多歸慕容廆，心不平。 數遣使招之，皆不至，意廆拘留之，乃陰說高句麗、段氏、宇文氏，使共攻之，約滅廆，分其地。 毖所親勃海高瞻力諫，毖不從。
Cui Bi, Inspector of Pingzhou, had been posted to Liaodong as a man of Central Plains standing, but found that most of the local gentry and commoners had rallied to Murong Hui, and he resented it. He sent envoys again and again to summon them, but none came. Convinced that Hui was holding them back, he secretly persuaded Koguryo, the Duan clan, and the Yuwen clan to join in an attack, promising to divide Hui's territory once he was destroyed. Gao Zhan of Bohai, a man Bi trusted, argued strenuously against the plan, but Bi would not listen.
24
三國合兵伐廆。 諸將請擊之，廆曰：「彼為崔毖所誘，欲邀一切之利。 軍勢初合，其鋒甚銳，不可與戰，當固守以挫之。 彼烏合而來，既無統壹，莫相歸服，久必攜貳，一則疑吾與毖詐而覆之，二則三國自相猜忌。 待其人情離貳，然後擊之，破之必矣。」
The three powers combined their forces to attack Murong Hui. His generals urged an immediate attack. Hui said, 'Cui Bi has lured them here, and they mean to seize every advantage at once. Their armies have only just joined, and their momentum is at its peak. We must not meet them in battle; we should hold our walls and wear them down. They are a mob without unity, and none will obey another. Before long they will fall apart—first suspecting that Bi and I are plotting to turn on them together, then turning suspicious of one another among the three allies. When their alliance has rotted from within, we will strike, and they will surely be broken.'
25
三國進攻棘城，廆閉門自守，遣使獨以牛酒犒宇文氏。 二國疑宇文氏與廆有謀，各引兵歸。 宇文大人悉獨官曰：「二國雖歸，吾當獨取之。」
The three allies advanced on Jicheng. Hui shut the gates and held the city, but sent envoys bearing oxen and wine to feast only the Yuwen clan. The other two allies suspected the Yuwen of colluding with Hui and withdrew their armies. The Yuwen chieftain Xiduguan said, 'The other two may have gone home, but I will take Jicheng on my own.'
26
宇文氏士卒數十萬，連營四十里。 廆使召其子翰於徒河。 翰遣使白廆曰：「悉獨官譽國為寇，彼眾我寡，易以計破，難以力勝。 今城中之眾，足以禦寇，翰請為奇兵於外，伺其間而擊之，內外俱奮，使彼震駭不知所備，破之必矣。 今並兵為一，彼得專意攻城，無復它虞，非策之得者也。 且示眾以怯，恐士氣不戰先沮矣。」 廆猶疑之。 遼東韓壽言於廆曰：「悉獨官有憑陵之志，將驕卒惰，軍不堅密，若奇兵卒起，掎其無備，必破之策也。」 廆乃聽翰留徒河。
The Yuwen mustered several hundred thousand men, their camps stretching for forty li. Hui summoned his son Han from Tuhe. Han sent word to his father: 'Xiduguan has built his reputation raiding other states. They outnumber us; this is a fight to be won by stratagem, not brute force. The garrison is strong enough to hold the city. Let me take a mobile force outside, watch for an opening, and strike. With attacks from within and without, they will be thrown into panic and confusion, and we will surely break them. If we mass every man in the city, they can concentrate on the siege with no other worry. That is not sound strategy. And if we show fear before our own men, their spirit may collapse before a blow is struck.' Hui still hesitated. Han Shou of Liaodong urged Hui, 'Xiduguan is overbearing, his officers arrogant and his troops slack. Their formation is loose. A sudden strike where they are unprepared is the sure way to break them.' Hui then let Han stay at Tuhe.
27
悉獨官聞之，曰：「翰素名驍果，今不入城，或能為患，當先取之，城不足憂。」 乃分遣數千騎襲翰。 翰知之，詐為段氏使者，逆於道曰：「慕容翰久為吾患，聞當擊之，吾已嚴兵相待，宜速進也！」 使者既去，翰即出城，設伏以待之。 宇文氏之騎見使者，大喜馳行，不復設備，進入伏中。 翰奮擊，盡獲之，乘勝徑進，遣間使語廆出兵大戰。 廆使其子皝與長史裴嶷將精銳為前鋒，自將大兵繼之。 悉獨官初不設備，聞廆至，驚，悉眾出戰。 前鋒始交，翰將千騎從旁直入其營，縱火焚之。 眾皆惶擾，不知所為。 遂大敗，悉獨官僅為身免。 廆盡俘其眾，獲皇帝玉璽三紐。
When Xiduguan heard of this, he said, 'Han has long been famed for courage and dash. If he stays outside the walls, he may become a threat. We should deal with him first; the city itself is no great worry.' He detached several thousand horsemen to strike at Han. Han learned of the move, disguised his men as Duan envoys, and met the Yuwen on the road. 'Murong Han has long been our scourge,' he said. 'We heard you were coming to attack him and have drawn up our troops to join you. Press on quickly!' Once the envoys had gone, Han marched out and laid an ambush. The Yuwen cavalry, delighted by the message, galloped ahead without taking precautions and rode straight into the trap. Han struck with all his force and captured them to the last man, then pressed the victory and sent a secret messenger urging Hui to march out for the decisive battle. Hui sent his son Huang and Chief Clerk Pei Yi ahead with picked troops as the vanguard, and followed with the main army. Xiduguan, caught unprepared, was alarmed when he heard Hui was coming and led out his entire army to fight. As the vanguards clashed, Han led a thousand horsemen in a flanking charge straight into the Yuwen camp and set it ablaze. The army panicked, not knowing which way to turn. They were routed utterly, and Xiduguan barely escaped with his life. Hui took the entire Yuwen force prisoner and seized three imperial jade seals.
28
崔毖聞之，懼，使其兄子燾詣棘城偽賀。 會三國使者亦至，請和，曰：「非我本意，崔平州教我耳。」 廆以示燾，臨之以兵，燾懼，首服。 廆乃遣燾歸謂毖曰：「降者上策，走者下策也。」 引兵隨之。 毖與數十騎棄家奔高句麗，其眾悉降於廆。 廆以其子仁為征虜將軍，鎮遼東，官府、市裡，案堵如故。
When Cui Bi heard the news he was terrified and sent his nephew Tao to Jicheng with hollow congratulations. Envoys from the three allies also arrived seeking peace. 'This was not our own wish,' they said. 'Inspector Cui of Pingzhou incited us.' Hui confronted Tao with this evidence and an armed display. Tao, terrified, confessed everything. Hui sent Tao back with a message for Bi: 'Surrender is the wise course; flight is the desperate one.' Then he marched in pursuit. Bi fled with a few dozen horsemen, abandoning his household for Koguryo, and all his followers submitted to Hui. Hui appointed his son Ren General Who Captures Barbarians to govern Liaodong, and government offices and markets continued undisturbed.
29
高句麗將如奴子據於河城，廆遣將軍張統掩擊，擒之，俘其眾千餘家； 以崔燾、高瞻、韓恆、石琮歸於棘城，待以客禮。 恆，安平人； 琮，鑒之孫也。 廆以高瞻為將軍，瞻稱疾不就，廆數臨候之，撫其心曰：「君之疾在此，不在它也。 今晉室喪亂，孤欲與諸君共清世難，翼戴帝室。 君中州望族，宜同斯願，奈何以華、夷之異，介然疏之哉！ 夫立功立事，惟問志略何如耳，華、夷何足問乎！」 瞻猶不起，廆頗不平。 龍驤主簿宋該，與瞻有隙，勸廆除之，廆不從。 瞻以憂卒。
The Koguryo general Runuzi held Hecheng. Hui sent General Zhang Tong in a surprise attack, captured him, and took more than a thousand households prisoner; and brought Cui Tao, Gao Zhan, Han Heng, and Shi Cong back to Jicheng, treating them as honored guests. Heng was from Anping; Cong was the grandson of Shi Jian. Hui offered Gao Zhan a general's commission, but Zhan pleaded illness and refused. Hui visited him repeatedly, laid a hand on his heart, and said, 'Your illness is here, not in your body. The house of Jin is in chaos. I wish to join with you in clearing the world's troubles and supporting the imperial house. You are a leading family of the Central Plains and should share this ambition. Why let the distinction between Chinese and barbarian make you stand aloof! When a man sets out to achieve great things, what matters is the quality of his mind and plan—what does Chinese or barbarian matter!' Zhan still refused to serve, and Hui grew resentful. Song Gai, Registrar of the Dragon Cavalry, who bore a grudge against Zhan, urged Hui to kill him, but Hui refused. Zhan died of grief.
30
初，鞠羨既死，苟晞復以羨子彭為東萊太守。 會曹嶷徇青州，與彭相攻； 嶷兵雖強，郡人皆為彭死戰，嶷不能克。 久之，彭歎曰：「今天下大亂，強者為雄。 曹亦鄉里，為天所相，苟可依憑，即為民主，何必與之力爭，使百姓肝腦塗地！ 吾去此，則禍自息矣。」 郡人以為不可，爭獻拒嶷之策，彭一無所用，與鄉里千餘家浮海歸崔毖。 北海鄭林客於東萊，彭、嶷之相攻，林情無彼此。 嶷賢之，不敢侵掠，彭與之俱去。 比至遼東，毖已敗，乃歸慕容廆。 廆以彭參龍驤軍事。 遺鄭林車牛粟帛，皆不受，躬耕於野。
Earlier, after Ju Xian's death, Gou Xi had installed Xian's son Peng as Administrator of Donglai. When Cao Ni overran Qingzhou he clashed with Peng; Ni's army was strong, but the people of the commandery fought to the death for Peng, and Ni could not break them. After a long stalemate Peng sighed and said, 'The realm is in chaos, and the strong rule as they please. Cao is a fellow townsman, clearly favored by Heaven. If we can rely on him, he will be our ruler. Why keep fighting until the people are slaughtered on every side! If I leave, the killing will stop of its own accord.' The people of the commandery protested and pressed plan after plan for resisting Ni, but Peng would hear none of them. With more than a thousand local households he took ship across the sea to join Cui Bi. Zheng Lin of Beihai was living in Donglai as a guest. When Peng and Ni fought, Lin took neither side. Ni admired him and left him unmolested, and Peng took Lin with him when he departed. By the time they reached Liaodong, Bi had already been defeated, and they went over to Murong Hui. Hui made Peng a staff officer on his Dragon Cavalry command. Hui sent Zheng Lin carts, oxen, grain, and silk, but Lin refused everything and farmed the fields with his own hands.
31
宋該勸廆獻捷江東，廆使該為表，裴嶷奉之，並所得三璽詣建康獻之。
Song Gai urged Hui to report his victory to the Jin court. Hui had Gai draft the memorial, Pei Yi carry it, and together with the three seals he had captured, sent them to Jiankang.
32
高句麗數寇遼東，廆遣慕容翰、慕容仕伐之； 高句麗王乙弗利逆來求盟，翰、仁乃還。
Koguryo raided Liaodong repeatedly, and Hui sent Murong Han and Murong Shi against them; the Koguryo king Yifuli came in person to sue for peace, and Han and Ren withdrew.
33
是歲，蒲洪降趙，趙主曜以洪為率義侯。
That year Pu Hong submitted to Zhao, and Liu Yao enfeoffed him as Marquis Who Leads Righteousness.
34
屠各路松多起兵於新平、扶風以附晉王保，保使其將楊曼、王連據陳倉，張顗、周庸據陰密，路松多據草壁，秦隴氐、羌多應之。 趙主曜遣諸將攻之，不克； 曜自將擊之。
Tulu Songduo raised troops in Xinping and Fufeng to join Prince Bao of Jin. Bao posted Yang Man and Wang Lian at Chencang, Zhang Yi and Zhou Yong at Yinmi, and Songduo at Caobi, and many Di and Qiang of Qin and Long rose in support. Liu Yao sent generals against them but could not break them; so Yao marched out in person.
35
中宗元皇帝中太興三年（ 庚辰，公元三二零年）
The third year of Taixing under Emperor Yuan of Jin ( gengchen, 320 CE)
36
春，正月，曜攻陳倉，王連戰死，楊曼奔南氐。 曜進拔草壁，路松多奔隴城； 又拔陰密。 晉王保懼，遷於桑城。 曜還長安，以劉雅為大司徒。
In spring, in the first month, Yao attacked Chencang. Wang Lian was killed in battle and Yang Man fled to the Southern Di. Yao advanced and took Caobi; Songduo fled to Longcheng; and also captured Yinmi. Prince Bao, alarmed, withdrew to Sangcheng. Yao returned to Chang'an and appointed Liu Ya Grand Minister of Works.
37
張春謀奉晉王保奔涼州，張遣其將陰監將兵迎之，聲言翼衛，其實拒之。
Zhang Chun plotted to escort Prince Bao to Liangzhou. Zhang Shi sent his general Yin Jian with troops to meet him, claiming to escort him but in fact to block him.
38
段末柸攻段匹磾，破之。 匹磾謂邵續曰：「吾本夷狄，以慕義破家。 君不忘久要，請相與共擊末柸。」 續許之。 遂相與追擊末杯，大破之。 匹磾與弟文鴦攻薊。 後趙王勒知續勢孤，遣中山公虎將兵圍厭次，孫萇攻續別營十一，皆下之。 二月，續自出擊虎，虎伏騎斷其後，遂執續，使降其城。 續呼兄子竺等謂曰：「吾志欲報國，不幸至此。 汝等努力奉匹磾為主，勿有貳心！」 匹磾自薊還，未至厭次，聞續已沒，眾懼而散，復為虎所遮。 文鴦以親兵數百力戰，始得入城，與續子緝、兄子存、竺等嬰城固守。 虎送續於襄國，勒以為忠，釋而禮之，以為從事中郎。 因下令：「自今克敵，獲士人，毋得擅殺，必生致之。」
Duan Moleng attacked Duan Pidi and routed him. Pidi said to Shao Xu, 'I am a barbarian by birth who ruined my house through devotion to righteousness. You have not forgotten our old bond. Join me in striking Moleng.' Xu agreed. Together they pursued Moleng and inflicted a crushing defeat. Pidi and his brother Wenyang besieged Ji. Shi Le of Later Zhao, seeing that Xu stood alone, sent the Duke of Zhongshan, Shi Hu, to besiege Yanci while Sun Chang overran eleven of Xu's outlying camps. In the second month Xu marched out in person against Hu. Hu's hidden cavalry cut off his retreat, captured him, and forced him to order his city to surrender. Xu summoned his brother's sons Zhu and the others and said, "I meant to serve the realm; fate has brought me to this pass. Do your utmost to serve Pidi as your master. Let there be no second loyalty." Pidi was marching back from Ji. Before he reached Yanci he learned that Xu was dead. His men panicked and broke ranks, only to be intercepted again by Hu. Wenyang battled with a few hundred handpicked troops before forcing his way into the city. There he joined Xu's son Ji, his nephew Cun, Zhu, and the others in a desperate defense of the walls. Hu sent Xu to Xiangguo. Le judged him a man of loyalty, freed him with full honors, and appointed him Attendant Gentleman. Le then issued an order: "Henceforth, when you defeat the enemy and capture scholarly men, you must not kill them on your own authority. Bring them in alive."
39
吏部郎劉胤聞續被攻，言於帝曰：「北方籓鎮盡矣，惟餘邵續而已； 如使復為石虎所滅，孤義士之心，阻歸本之路。 愚謂宜發兵救之。」 帝不能從。 聞續已沒，乃下詔以續位任授其子緝。
When Liu Yin, Director of the Ministry of Personnel, heard that Xu was under attack, he told the Emperor, "The northern frontier holds are all lost. Only Shao Xu is left. If Shi Hu wipes him out, men of loyal purpose will stand alone and the path back to the homeland will be cut off. I believe we should send troops to his relief." The Emperor refused to act on it. When word came that Xu was dead, the court issued an edict granting his son Ji his rank and post.
40
趙將尹安、宋始、宋恕、趙慎四軍屯洛陽，叛，降後趙。 後趙將石生引兵赴之； 安等復叛，降司州刺史李矩。 矩使穎川太守郭默將兵入洛。 石生虜宋始一軍，北渡河。 於是河南之民皆相帥歸矩，洛陽遂空。
Four Later Han armies under Yin An, Song Shi, Song Shu, and Zhao Shen garrisoned at Luoyang rebelled and went over to Later Zhao. Later Zhao sent General Shi Sheng with troops to take possession; An and his officers switched sides again and submitted to Li Ju, Inspector of Sizhou. Li Ju sent Guo Mo, Administrator of Yingchuan, to march into Luoyang. Shi Sheng seized Song Shi's force and retreated north across the Yellow River. The populace south of the river followed one another to Li Ju's banner, and Luoyang was abandoned.
41
三月，裴嶷至建康，盛稱慕容廆之威德，賢俊皆為之用，朝廷始重之。 帝謂嶷曰：「卿中朝名臣，當留江東，朕別詔龍驤送卿家屬。」 嶷曰：「臣少蒙國恩，出入省闥，若得復奉輦轂，臣之至榮。 但以舊京淪沒，山陵穿毀，雖名臣宿將，莫能雪恥，獨慕容龍驤竭忠王室，志除凶逆，故使臣萬里歸誠。 今臣來而不返，必謂朝廷以其僻陋而棄之，孤其向義之心，使懈體於討賊，此臣之所甚惜，是以不敢徇私而忘公也。」 帝曰：「卿言是也。」 乃遣使隨嶷拜廆安北將軍、平州刺史。
In the third month Pei Yi arrived at Jiankang and praised Murong Hui's authority and virtue at length, noting that talented men flocked to his service. The court began to take him seriously. The Emperor told Yi, "You are a distinguished minister of the central court and ought to stay in the southeast. I will issue a separate order for Dragon-Courser to bring your family to join you." Yi replied, "I received the court's favor in my youth and walked the halls of power. To serve again at the emperor's side would be the greatest honor I could wish for. But the old capital has fallen, the imperial tombs lie desecrated, and even famous ministers and seasoned generals have failed to redeem that shame. Only Murong Dragon-Courser has served the throne with tireless loyalty and vowed to destroy the usurpers. That is why he sent me across a thousand miles to pledge our devotion. If I stay here and do not return, men will say the court has cast him aside because he is remote and unsophisticated. That would chill his loyal resolve and weaken his campaign against the rebels. I cannot bear that, and so I dare not let private comfort override public duty." The Emperor said, "You speak truly." He then sent an envoy with Yi to appoint Hui General Who Pacifies the North and Inspector of Pingzhou.
42
閏月，以周顗為尚書左僕射。
In the intercalary month Zhou Yi was appointed Left Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat.
43
晉王保將張春、楊次與別將楊韜不協，勸保誅之，且請擊陳安； 保皆不從。 夏，五月，春，次幽保，殺之。 保體肥大，重八百斤，喜睡，好讀書，而闇弱無斷，故及於難。 保無子，張春立宗室子瞻為世子，稱大將軍。 保眾散，奔涼州者萬餘人。 陳安表於趙主曜，請討瞻等。 曜以安為大將軍，擊瞻，殺之； 張春奔枹罕。 安執楊次，於保柩前斬之，因以祭保。 安以天子禮葬保於上邽，謚曰元王。
Among Prince Bao's generals, Zhang Chun and Yang Ci feuded with the detached commander Yang Tao. They urged Bao to execute the two men and proposed an assault on Chen An. Bao refused both requests. In summer, the fifth month, Zhang Chun and Yang Ci conspired against Bao and murdered him. Bao was enormously corpulent—eight hundred jin—and fond of sleep and books, but he was indecisive and weak of will. That is how he came to such an end. Bao left no son. Zhang Chun installed a royal clansman named Zhan as heir apparent and took the title Grand General for himself. Bao's followers broke apart, and more than ten thousand fled toward Liangzhou. Chen An petitioned Liu Yao, ruler of Zhao, asking leave to attack Zhan and his party. Yao appointed Chen An Grand General and sent him against Zhan, who was killed in the fighting; Zhang Chun escaped to Fuhan. Chen An seized Yang Ci and executed him before Bao's coffin as a sacrifice to the dead prince. Chen An buried Bao at Shanggui with imperial ceremony and posthumously titled him Prince Yuan.
44
羊鑒討徐龕，頓兵下邳，不敢前。 蔡豹敗龕於檀丘，龕求救於後趙。 後趙王勒遣其將王伏都救之，又使張敬將兵為之後繼。 勒多所邀求，而伏都淫暴，龕患之。 張敬至東平，龕疑其襲己，乃斬伏都等三百餘人，復來請降。 勒大怒，命張敬據險以守之。 帝亦惡龕反覆，不受其降，敕鑒、豹以時進討。 鑒猶疑憚不進，尚書令刁協劾奏鑒，免死除名，以蔡豹代領其兵。 王導以所舉失人，乞自貶，帝不許。
Yang Jian marched against Xu Kan but halted at Xiapi, unwilling to press forward. Cai Bao routed Xu Kan at Tanqiu, and Kan appealed to Later Zhao for help. King Le of Later Zhao sent his general Wang Fudu to the rescue and ordered Zhang Jing to follow with supporting troops. Le piled up one demand after another, and Wang Fudu was brutal and debauched. Xu Kan came to loathe them. When Zhang Jing reached Dongping, Xu Kan feared a surprise attack. He slaughtered Wang Fudu and more than three hundred of his men and once again offered to surrender to Jin. Le was furious and ordered Zhang Jing to seize strongpoints and hold the line against him. The Emperor likewise distrusted Kan's chronic double-dealing and rejected his surrender, ordering Yang Jian and Cai Bao to press the attack without delay. Yang Jian still hung back in fear. Minister of the Imperial Secretariat Diao Xie impeached him. He was spared execution but stripped of rank, and Cai Bao took over his command. Wang Dao had recommended Yang Jian and asked to be demoted when the appointment failed. The Emperor refused.
45
六月，後趙孔萇攻段匹磾，恃勝而不設備，段文鴦襲擊，大破之。
In the sixth month Kong Chang of Later Zhao attacked Duan Pidi. Overconfident after earlier victories, he left his camp unprepared. Duan Wenyang caught him off guard and crushed his army.
46
京兆人劉弘客居涼州天梯山，以妖術惑眾，從受道者千餘人，西平元公張寔左右皆事之。 帳下閻涉、牙門趙卬，皆弘鄉人，弘謂之曰：「天與我神璽，應王涼州。」 涉、卬信之，密與寔左右十餘人謀殺寔，奉弘為主。 寔弟茂知其謀，請誅弘。 寔令牙門將史初收之，未至，涉等懷刃而入，殺寔於外寢。 弘見史初至，謂曰：「使君已死，殺我何為！」 初怒，截其舌而囚之，轘於姑臧市，誅其黨與數百人。 左司馬陰元等以寔子駿尚幼，推張茂為涼州刺史、西平公，赦其境內，以駿為撫軍將軍。
Liu Hong of Jingzhao lived as a guest on Tianti Mountain in Liangzhou and won followers with occult arts. More than a thousand took him as teacher, and even the attendants of Zhang Shi, Duke of Xiping, fell under his sway. Yan She of his household staff and Zhao Ang of the gate guard were both Hong's countrymen. Hong told them, "Heaven has granted me a divine seal. I am fated to reign over Liangzhou." She and Ang believed him. Secretly they joined more than ten of Shi's attendants in a plot to murder Shi and enthrone Hong. Shi's brother Mao uncovered the plot and urged that Hong be put to death. Shi ordered Gate General Shi Chu to arrest him. Before Chu could arrive, She and the others slipped in with concealed blades and murdered Shi in his outer chamber. When Hong saw Chu arriving, he cried, "Your master is already dead—what good will killing me do?" Enraged, Chu cut out his tongue and threw him in prison. Hong was dismembered in the Guzang marketplace, and several hundred of his followers were put to death. Left Major Yin Yuan and his colleagues, finding Shi's son Jun still a child, installed Zhang Mao as Inspector of Liangzhou and Duke of Xiping, declared a general amnesty, and appointed Jun General Who Pacifies the Army.
47
丙辰，趙將解虎及長水校尉尹車謀反，與巴酋句徐、庫彭等相結； 事覺，虎、車皆伏誅。 趙主曜囚徐、彭等五十餘人於阿房，將殺之； 光祿大夫遊子遠諫曰：「聖王用刑，惟誅元惡而已，不宜多殺。」 爭之，叩頭流血。 曜怒，以為助逆而囚之； 盡殺徐、彭等，屍諸市十日，乃投於水。 於是巴眾盡反，推巴酋句渠知為主，自稱大秦，改元曰平趙。 四山氐、羌、巴、羯應之者三十餘萬，關中大亂，城門晝閉。 子遠又從獄中上表諫爭，曜手毀其表曰：「大荔奴，不憂命在須臾，猶敢如此，嫌死晚邪！」 叱左右速殺之。 中山王雅、郭汜、朱紀、呼延晏等諫曰：「子遠幽囚，禍在不測，猶不忘諫爭，忠之至也。 陛下縱不能用，奈何殺之！ 若子遠朝誅，臣等亦當夕死，以彰陛下之過，天下將皆捨陛下而去，陛下誰與居乎！」 曜意解，乃赦之。
On the day bingchen, Zhao generals Xie Hu and Chief Commandant Yin Che of the Changshui Guard plotted rebellion in league with the Ba chieftains Xu Gou and Ku Peng. The plot was exposed. Both Hu and Che were put to death. Liu Yao imprisoned Xu, Peng, and more than fifty others at Epang and prepared to execute them. Palace Attendant Youzi Yuan remonstrated, "A sage ruler uses punishment to destroy the ringleaders alone. Mass killing is not warranted." He pressed his case until his forehead streamed blood from repeated kowtows. Yao flew into a rage, accused him of abetting the rebels, and had him thrown into prison; then killed Xu, Peng, and all the rest. Their corpses hung in the marketplace for ten days before being dumped in the river. The entire Ba population rose in revolt, proclaiming the Ba chieftain Qu Zhizhi their leader. They styled their regime Great Qin and adopted the era name Ping Zhao. More than three hundred thousand Di, Qiang, Ba, and Jie from the surrounding hills joined them. Guanzhong plunged into chaos, and the city gates were barred even in daylight. Yuan submitted another memorial of protest from his cell. Yao tore it to pieces and snarled, "You Li slave! Your life hangs by a thread and you still dare this—is death coming too slowly for you?" He ordered his attendants to kill him immediately. Prince of Zhongshan Ya, Guo Si, Zhu Ji, Huyan Yan, and others pleaded, "Yuan lies in prison facing unknown peril, yet he never ceases to counsel you—that is loyalty in its purest form. Your Majesty may reject his advice, but how can you put him to death? Execute Yuan in the morning and you will see us dead by evening—a public witness to your error. The realm will abandon you. Then whom will you rule?" Yao's anger cooled, and he spared Yuan's life.
48
曜敕內外戒嚴，將自討渠知。 子遠又諫曰：「陛下誠能用臣策，一月可定，大駕不必親征也。」 曜曰：「卿試言之。」 子遠曰：「彼非有大志，欲圖非望也，直畏陛下威刑，欲逃死耳。 陛下莫若廊然大赦，與之更始； 應前日坐虎、車等事，其家老弱沒入奚官者，皆縱遣之，使之自相招引，聽其復業。 彼既得生路，何為不降！ 若其中自知罪重，屯結不散者，願假臣弱兵五千，必為陛下梟之。 不然，今反者彌山被谷，雖以天威臨之，恐非歲月可除也。」 曜大悅，即日大赦，以子遠為車騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、都督雍、秦征討諸軍事。 子遠屯於雍城，降者十餘萬； 移軍安定，反者皆降。 惟句氏宗黨五千餘家保於陰密，進攻，滅之，遂引兵巡隴右。 先是氐、羌十餘萬落據險不服，其酋虛除權渠自號秦王。 子遠進造其壁，權渠出兵拒之，五戰皆敗。 權渠欲降，其子伊餘大言於眾曰：「往者劉曜自來，猶無若我何，況此偏師，何謂降也！」 帥勁卒五萬，晨壓子遠壘門。 諸將欲擊之，子遠曰：「伊餘勇悍，當今無敵，所將之兵，復精於我。 又其父新敗，怒氣方盛，其鋒不可當也，不如緩之，使氣竭而後擊之。」 乃堅壁不戰。 伊餘有驕色，子遠伺其無備，夜，勒兵蓐食，旦，值大風塵昏，子遠悉眾出掩之，生擒伊餘，盡俘其眾。 權渠大懼，被發、剺面請降。 子遠啟曜，以權渠為征西將軍、西戎公，分徙伊餘兄弟及其部落二十餘萬口於長安。 曜以子遠為大司徒、錄尚書事。
Yao put the capital under martial law and prepared to lead the campaign against Qu Zhizhi himself. Yuan remonstrated again: "If Your Majesty adopts my plan, the rebellion can be crushed within a month. There is no need for you to take the field personally." Yao said, "Tell me your plan." Yuan replied, "These rebels have no grand ambition or claim to the throne. They rose because they feared your harsh punishments and hoped only to escape death. Issue a sweeping amnesty and offer them a new beginning; Release the families of those implicated in the Xie Hu and Yin Che affair—every elderly relative and child seized for palace labor—and let them call their kin home and return to their trades. Give them a way to live and they will lay down their arms. If any holdouts know their guilt is too heavy to disband, lend me five thousand second-rate troops and I will deliver their heads to you. Otherwise the rebels cover every hill and valley. Even with the full weight of imperial power, this will not be over in months." Yao was delighted. That same day he declared a general amnesty and appointed Yuan General of Chariots and Cavalry with honors equal to the Three Excellencies, putting him in overall command of the Yong and Qin pacification. Yuan encamped at Yongcheng and received the surrender of more than one hundred thousand rebels. When he moved on to Anding, the remaining rebels submitted as well. Only some five thousand households of the Qu clan held out at Yinmi. Yuan attacked and annihilated them, then marched through Longyou. Earlier, more than one hundred thousand Di and Qiang encampments had seized the high passes and refused submission. Their chieftain Xuchu Ququ proclaimed himself King of Qin. Yuan marched on his stronghold. Ququ met him in the field and lost five battles in succession. Ququ wanted to surrender, but his son Yiyu harangued the troops: "When Liu Yao came in person he could not break us—what threat is this scratch force? Surrender is out of the question!" He led fifty thousand elite troops and at daybreak stormed Yuan's camp gates. Yuan's officers wanted to give battle. He said, "Yiyu is the fiercest fighter alive, and his troops outmatch ours in training. His father has just suffered defeat, so Yiyu's fury is at its peak. We cannot meet that charge head-on. Let them wear themselves out, then strike." Yuan ordered his men to hold the fortifications and refuse battle. Yiyu grew overconfident. Yuan watched for his opening. That night he had his men eat beside their bedrolls. At dawn a sandstorm blew in. Yuan led his full force in a surprise attack, captured Yiyu alive, and took every one of his soldiers prisoner. Ququ was terrified. With his hair loose and his face cut in mourning, he begged to surrender. Yuan reported to Yao, confirmed Ququ as General Who Conquers the West and Duke of Xirong, and relocated Yiyu's brothers and their tribes—more than two hundred thousand people—to Chang'an. Liu Yao appointed Yuan Grand Minister of Education with oversight of the Masters of Writing.
49
曜立太學，選民之神志可教者千五百人，擇儒臣以教之。 作酆明觀及西宮，起陵霄台於滈池，又於霸陵西南營壽陵。 侍中喬豫、和苞上疏諫，以為：「衛文公承亂亡之後，節用愛民，營建宮室，得其時制，故能興康叔之業，延九百之祚。 前奉詔書營酆明觀，市道細民鹹譏其奢曰：『以一觀之功，足以平涼州矣！』 今又欲擬阿房而建西宮，法瓊台而起陵霄，其為勞費，億萬酆明； 若以資軍旅，乃可兼吳、蜀而壹齊、魏矣！ 又聞營建壽陵，周圍四里，深三十五丈，以銅為槨，飾以黃金； 功費若此，殆非國內之所能辦也。 秦始皇下錮三泉，土未干而發毀。 自古無不亡之國、不掘之墓，故聖王之儉葬，乃深遠之慮也。 陛下奈何於中興之日，而踵亡國之事乎！」 曜下詔曰：「二侍中懇懇有古人之風，可謂社稷之臣矣。 其悉罷宮室諸役，壽陵制度，一遵霸陵之法。 封豫安昌子，苞平輿子，並領諫議大夫； 仍佈告天下，使知區區之朝，欲聞其過也。」 又省酆水囿以與貧民。
Yao founded an imperial academy, enrolled fifteen hundred subjects judged fit for instruction, and assigned Confucian scholars to teach them. He built the Fengming Observatory and the Western Palace, raised the Lingxiao Terrace beside the Hao Pool, and began work on the Shou Mausoleum southwest of Baling. Attendants-in-Ordinary Qiao Yu and He Bao submitted a memorial protesting the construction. They argued, "Duke Wen of Wei inherited a realm devastated by chaos. He was frugal, cared for his people, and built palaces only to proper scale—and so revived the legacy of Duke Kang and preserved the Zhou for nine hundred years. When you ordered the Fengming Observatory built, common people in the markets mocked the extravagance, saying, 'What that one building cost could have pacified all of Liangzhou! Now you propose a Western Palace to rival Epang and a Lingxiao Terrace modeled on the Jade Tower of old. The labor and expense will dwarf the Fengming Observatory ten thousand times over; Spend that treasure on the army and you could conquer Wu and Shu in one stroke and unite the lands of Qi and Wei! We also hear you are building the Shou Mausoleum—four li around, thirty-five zhang deep, with a copper coffin chamber and gold adornments; At such cost, the realm simply cannot afford it. Qin Shihuang buried himself beneath sealed springs, yet his tomb was looted before the soil had even dried. No kingdom endures forever, and no tomb escapes plunder. That is why the sage kings buried their dead modestly—it was foresight for the ages. Your Majesty, why on the day of dynastic revival would you repeat the blunders that destroyed a kingdom!" Yao then issued an edict: "These two attendants-in-ordinary speak with the earnest spirit of the ancients. They are true pillars of the state. Halt all palace construction at once, and let the Shou Mausoleum be built according to Baling's modest standard alone. He enfeoffed Qiao Yu as Viscount of Anchang and He Bao as Viscount of Pingyu, and appointed both as Remonstrance and Discussion Grandees; He further proclaimed throughout the realm that this small court wished to hear of its own failings." He also reclaimed the Feng water royal park and distributed the land to impoverished commoners.
50
祖逖將韓潛與後趙將桃豹分據陳川故城，豹居西台，潛居東台，豹由南門，潛由東門，出入相守四旬，逖以布囊盛土如米狀，使千餘人運上台，又使數人擔米，息於道。 豹兵逐之，棄擔而走。 豹兵久饑，得米，以為逖士眾豐飽，益懼。 後趙將劉夜堂以驢千頭運糧饋豹，逖使韓潛及別將馮鐵邀擊於汴水，盡獲之。 豹宵遁，屯東燕城，逖使潛進屯封丘以逼之。 馮鐵據二台，逖鎮雍丘，數遣兵邀擊後趙兵，後趙鎮戍歸逖者甚多，境土漸蹙。
Zu Ti posted Han Qian and the Later Zhao general Tao Bao in separate quarters of the old Chenchuan walled city—Bao on the west tower, Qian on the east. Each used his own gate, south and east respectively, and for forty days they kept up a wary standoff. Zu Ti then had soldiers fill cloth sacks with earth shaped like grain sacks, and sent over a thousand men hauling them up to Qian's tower. He also sent a few men carrying real rice to pause and rest along the road. Bao's troops gave chase, but the carriers abandoned their loads and ran. Bao's men, starving after a long siege, saw the grain and concluded that Zu Ti's forces were well provisioned. Their fear only grew. When the Later Zhao general Liu Yetang tried to resupply Bao with a thousand donkey-loads of grain, Zu Ti sent Han Qian and Feng Tie to ambush the convoy at the Bian River and seized everything. Bao slipped away under cover of night and regrouped at Dongyan. Zu Ti then advanced Han Qian to Fengqiu to tighten the pressure. Feng Tie held both towers while Zu Ti made Yongqiu his headquarters. He sent raiding parties against Later Zhao columns again and again, and so many frontier garrisons defected to him that Zhao's foothold in the region steadily shrank.
51
先是，趙固、上官巳、李矩、郭默，互相攻擊，逖馳使和解之，示以禍福，遂皆受逖節度。 秋，七月，詔加逖鎮西將軍。 逖在軍，與將士同甘苦，約己務施，勸課農桑，撫納新附，雖疏賤者皆結以恩禮。 河上諸塢，先有任子在後趙者，皆聽兩屬，時遣遊軍偽抄之，明其未附。 塢主皆感恩，後趙有異謀，輒密以告，由是多所克獲，自河以南，多叛後趙歸於晉。
Previously Zhao Gu, Shangguan Si, Li Ju, and Guo Mo had been fighting among themselves. Zu Ti dispatched envoys to mediate, warning them of the consequences, and all four submitted to his authority. In the seventh month of autumn, the court promoted Zu Ti to General Who Guards the West. In camp Zu Ti lived as his men lived, sharing hardship and comfort alike. He kept himself austere while treating others generously, promoted agriculture, and welcomed new adherents with care. Even the humble and insignificant he won over with kindness and respect. Stockades along the Yellow River whose sons still served in Later Zhao were allowed to straddle both sides. Zu Ti periodically sent raiding parties to strike them in feigned attacks, signaling to Later Zhao that they remained uncommitted. Grateful for this protection, the stockade chiefs often tipped him off when Later Zhao plotted against him. Zu Ti won many victories as a result, and south of the Yellow River, large numbers defected from Later Zhao to Jin.
52
逖練兵積穀，為取河北之計。 後趙王勒患之，乃下幽州為逖修祖、父墓，置守塚二家，因與逖書，求通使及互市。 逖不報書，而聽其互市，收利十倍。 逖牙門童建殺新蔡內史周密，降於後趙，勒斬之，送首於逖，曰：「叛臣逃吏，吾之深仇，將軍之惡，猶吾惡也。」 逖深德之，自是後趙人叛歸逖者，逖皆不納，禁諸將不使侵暴後趙之民，邊境之間，稍得休息。
Zu Ti trained his army and stockpiled grain, preparing to drive into Hebei. Alarmed by these gains, Later Zhao's King Le had Zu's ancestral tombs in Youzhou restored and two grave-keeping households appointed. Then he wrote to Zu Ti proposing diplomatic contact and cross-border trade. Zu Ti ignored the letter but allowed the border markets to open, reaping tenfold profits from the trade. Tong Jian, Zu Ti's gate officer, murdered Xincai's inspector Zhou Mi and defected to Later Zhao. Shi Le had him executed and sent his head to Zu Ti with a message: "Traitors and deserters are my sworn enemies, and I know they are yours as well." Zu Ti was deeply moved. From then on he refused to accept defectors from Later Zhao, ordered his commanders not to harass Zhao civilians, and for a time the frontier grew quiet.
53
八月，辛未，梁州刺史周訪卒。 訪善於撫納士眾，皆為致死。 知王敦有不臣之心，私常切齒。 敦由是終訪之世，未敢為逆。 敦遣從事中郎郭舒監襄陽軍，帝以湘州刺史甘卓為梁州刺史，督沔北諸軍事，鎮襄陽。 舒既還，帝征為右丞； 敦留不遣。
In the eighth month, on the xinwei day, Zhou Fang, Inspector of Liangzhou, died. Fang had a gift for winning over his troops, and they would fight to the death for him. Knowing Wang Dun's rebellious ambitions, he privately seethed with hatred. For that reason Wang Dun never dared to rebel while Fang was alive. Wang Dun dispatched Guo Shu, an attendant in the Masters of Writing, to oversee the Xiangyang garrison. The emperor replaced him as Inspector of Liangzhou with Gan Zhuo, governor of Xiangzhou, who took command of all forces north of the Mian and established headquarters at Xiangyang. After Guo Shu returned, the emperor summoned him to serve as Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing; Wang Dun kept him and refused to let him go.
54
後趙王勒遣中山公虎帥步騎四萬擊徐龕，龕送妻子為質，乞降，勒許之。 蔡豹屯卞城，石虎將擊之，豹退守下邳，為徐龕所敗。 虎引兵城封丘而旋，徙士族三百家置襄國崇仁裡，置公族大夫以領之。
Later Zhao's King Le sent Shi Hu, Duke of Zhongshan, against Xu Kan at the head of forty thousand foot and horse. Kan sent his wife and children as hostages, sued for peace, and Le accepted his surrender. Cai Bao held Biancheng until Shi Hu moved against him. Bao fell back to Xiapi, where Xu Kan routed him. Shi Hu fortified Fengqiu and withdrew, resettling three hundred gentry families in Chongren Lane of Xiangguo and appointing a grandee to govern them.
55
後趙王勒用法甚嚴，諱「胡」尤峻。 宮殿既成，初有門戶之禁。 有醉胡乘馬，突入止車門。 勒大怒，責宮門小執法馮翥。 翥惶懼忘諱，對曰：「向有醉胡，乘馬馳入，甚呵御之，而不可與語。」 勒笑曰：「胡人正自難與言。」 怒而不罪。
Later Zhao's King Le enforced the law with brutal rigor, above all forbidding any use of the word hu—the term for barbarian. When the palace complex was finished, strict rules barred unauthorized entry through the gates. One night a drunken tribesman on horseback crashed through the Chariot-Halting Gate. Shi Le flew into a rage and blamed Feng Xu, the minor gate officer on duty. "There was a drunk barbarian," Feng Xu stammered in panic, forgetting the forbidden word himself, "who came galloping in on a horse. I shouted at him as loudly as I could, but he would not listen to reason." Shi Le laughed and said, "Barbarians truly are impossible to reason with." "He was still angry, but he did not punish Feng Xu."
56
勒使張賓領選，初定五品，後更定九品。 命公卿及州郡歲舉秀才、至孝、廉清、賢良、直言、武勇之士各一人。
Shi Le put Zhang Bin in charge of recruitment, first establishing a five-rank system and later revising it to nine ranks. He ordered ministers, provincial governors, and commandery officials to recommend one man each year from among candidates for literary excellence, filial devotion, clean integrity, moral worth, blunt honesty, and military valor.
57
西平公張茂立兄子駿為世子。
Zhang Mao, Duke of Xiping, named his elder brother's son Zhang Jun as his heir.
58
蔡豹既敗，將詣建康歸罪，北中郎將王舒止之。 帝聞豹退，遣使收之。 舒夜以兵圍豹，豹以為它寇，帥麾下擊之； 聞有詔，乃止。 舒執豹送建康，冬，十月，丙辰，斬之。
After his defeat, Cai Bao prepared to go to Jiankang and surrender himself to judgment. Wang Shu, the North Commander-in-Chief, stopped him. When the emperor learned that Bao had withdrawn, he dispatched officers to arrest him. Wang Shu encircled Bao by night with troops. Bao assumed another enemy had struck and led his men to counterattack; Only when he learned that an imperial order had arrived did he halt. Wang Shu seized Bao and sent him to Jiankang. In the tenth month of winter, on the bingchen day, Cai Bao was beheaded.
59
王敦殺武陵內史向碩。 帝之始鎮江東也，敦與從弟導同心翼戴，帝亦推心任之，敦總征討，導專機政，群從子弟布列顯要，時人為之語曰：「王與馬，共天下。」 後敦自恃有功，且宗族強盛，稍益驕恣，帝畏而惡之。 乃引劉隗、刁協等以為腹心，稍抑損王氏之權，導亦漸見疏外。 中書郎孔愉陳導忠賢，有佐命之勳，宜加委任； 帝出愉為司徒左長史。 導能任真推分，澹如也，有識皆稱其善處興廢。 而敦益懷不平，遂構嫌隙。
Wang Dun had Xiang Shuo, interior minister of Wuling, put to death. When the emperor first established his court east of the Yangtze, Wang Dun and his cousin Wang Dao stood by him as loyal pillars, and he in turn entrusted them wholeheartedly. Dun held military command, while Dao ran the civil government; their kinsmen filled every important post. People said at the time, "The Wangs and the Mas share the empire." Later Wang Dun, taking credit for his service and bolstered by his powerful clan, grew steadily more arrogant. The emperor came to fear and loathe him. The emperor turned to Liu Kai, Diao Xie, and others as his inner circle, and little by little he curtailed Wang power. Wang Dao, too, was gradually pushed aside. Zhongshu Lang Kong Yu argued that Wang Dao was loyal and worthy, had helped establish the dynasty, and deserved greater trust; The emperor responded by posting Kong Yu away as Left Chief Clerk to the Minister of Works. Wang Dao accepted his diminished role with quiet grace, and observers admired how well he weathered fortune's turns. Wang Dun, meanwhile, grew ever more resentful, and bad blood between them hardened.
60
初，敦辟吳興沈充為參軍，充薦同郡錢鳳於敦，敦以為鎧曹參軍。 二人皆巧諂凶狡，知敦有異志，陰贊成之，為之畫策。 敦寵信之，勢傾內外。 敦上疏為導訟屈，辭語怨望。 導封以還敦，敦復遣奏之。 左將軍譙王承，忠厚有志行，帝親信之。 夜，召承，以敦疏示之，曰：「王敦以頃年之功，位任足矣； 而所求不已，言至於此，將若之何？」 承曰：「陛下不早裁之，以至今日，敦必為患。」
Early on Wang Dun had taken Shen Chong of Wuxing as a staff officer. Chong recommended his fellow townsman Qian Feng, whom Dun appointed aide in the armor section. Both were sycophantic and ruthless. Sensing Dun's rebellious designs, they secretly encouraged them and plotted on his behalf. Wang Dun lavished trust on them, and their influence eclipsed everyone at court and in the field. Wang Dun petitioned the throne on Wang Dao's behalf, his language bristling with grievance. Wang Dao sealed the petition and sent it back unread; Dun simply submitted it again. Left General Sima Cheng, Prince of Qiao, was loyal, principled, and trusted personally by the emperor. One night the emperor summoned Cheng, showed him Wang Dun's memorial, and said, "Given what Wang Dun has accomplished these past years, his rank and honors should be enough; yet his demands never stop. He has gone this far—what are we to do?" Cheng replied, "Your Majesty failed to check him in time, and now he is certain to become a grave threat.'
61
劉隗為帝謀，出心腹以鎮方面。 會敦表以宣城內史沈充代甘卓為湘州刺史，帝謂承曰：「王敦奸逆已著，朕為惠皇，其勢不遠。 湘州據上流之勢，控三州之會，欲以叔父居之，何如？」 承曰：「臣奉承詔命，惟力是視，何敢有辭！ 然湘州經蜀寇之餘，民物凋弊，若得之部，比及三年，乃可即戎； 苟未及此，雖復灰身，亦無益也。」 十二月，詔曰：「晉室開基，方鎮之任，親賢並用，其以譙王承為湘州刺史。」 長沙鄧騫聞之，歎曰：「湘州之禍，其在斯乎！」 承行至武昌，敦與之宴，謂承曰：「大王雅素佳士，恐非將帥才也。」 承曰：「公未見知耳，鉛刀豈無一割之用！」 敦謂錢鳳曰：「彼不知懼而學壯語，足知其不武，無能為也。」 乃聽之鎮。 時湘土荒殘，公私困弊，承躬自儉約，傾心綏撫，甚有能名。
Liu Kai advised the emperor to post trusted lieutenants to key regional commands. When Wang Dun petitioned to replace Gan Zhuo as governor of Xiangzhou with Shen Chong, the emperor told Cheng, "Wang Dun's treason is plain. Unless we act, I will end like Emperor Hui—the doom is not far off. Xiangzhou commands the upper Yangtze and the meeting point of three provinces. I want to send my uncle to govern it—what do you think?" Cheng said, "I accept your command and will do all I can. I would not refuse it! Yet Xiangzhou has been devastated by the Shu raids. Even if my uncle takes office there, it will be three years before the province is ready for war; and before then, even if he gave his life, it would do no good." In the twelfth month an edict declared, "Since the founding of Jin, frontier commands have been entrusted to both royal kin and capable men alike. Sima Cheng, Prince of Qiao, is appointed Inspector of Xiangzhou." When Deng Qian of Changsha heard the news, he sighed, "The disaster destined for Xiangzhou begins here!" When Cheng reached Wuchang, Wang Dun entertained him and said, "Your Highness is a refined gentleman, but I doubt you have the makings of a military commander." Cheng replied, "You simply do not know me yet. Even a blunt lead knife can still cut once!" Wang Dun told Qian Feng, "He shows no fear and talks big—that tells me he lacks real courage. He will be no trouble." So Wang Dun let him proceed to his post. Xiangzhou was then a wasteland, the treasury and people alike impoverished. Cheng lived modestly, devoted himself wholly to relief and governance, and quickly won a strong reputation for competence.
62
高句麗寇遼東，慕容仁與戰，大破之，自是不敢犯仁境。
When Koguryo invaded Liaodong, Murong Ren met them in battle and routed them soundly. They never again dared cross into his territory.
63
中宗元皇帝中太興四年（ 辛巳，公元三二一年）
Within the reign of Emperor Yuan, fourth year of the Taixing era ( xin Year of the Snake, 321 CE)
64
春，二月，徐龕復請降。
In the second month of spring, Xu Kan once again sued for peace.
65
張茂築靈鈞台，基高九仞。 武陵閻曾夜叩府門呼曰：「武公遣我來，言『何故勞民築台！』」 有司以為妖，請殺之。 茂曰：「吾信勞民。 曾稱先君之命以規我，何謂妖呼！」 乃為之罷役。
Zhang Mao built the Lingjun Terrace on a foundation nine ren high. Yan Zeng of Wuling came pounding on the governor's gate at night, shouting, "Duke Wu sent me to ask, 'Why are you exhausting the people to build this terrace! The officials called it sorcery and asked that Yan Zeng be executed.' Zhang Mao said, "He is right that I have exhausted the people. He spoke in my father's name to warn me—how can that be called sorcery!" Zhang Mao then stopped the work.
66
三月，癸亥，日中有黑子。 著作佐郎河東郭璞以帝用刑過差，上疏，以為：「陰陽錯繆，皆繁刑所致。 赦不欲數，然子產知鑄刑書非政之善，不得不作者，須以救弊故也。 今之宜赦，理亦如之。」
In the third month, on the guihai day, a black spot appeared on the sun. Guo Pu of Hedong, associate editor in the historiography office, submitted a memorial arguing that the emperor's punishments had grown excessive. He wrote, "When yin and yang fall out of balance, it is because punishments have grown too severe. Amnesties should not be issued too often, yet Zichan knew that casting penal statutes in bronze was no mark of good government—still, when written law becomes unavoidable, it is because the times demand a remedy for abuse. The case for an amnesty now rests on the same reasoning.'
67
後趙中山公虎攻幽州刺史段匹磾於厭次，孔萇攻其統內諸城，悉拔之。 段文鴦言於匹磾曰：「我以勇聞，故為民所倚望。 今視民被掠而不救，是怯也。 民失所望，誰復為我致死！」 遂帥壯士數十騎出戰，殺後趙兵甚眾。 馬乏，伏不能起。 虎呼之曰：「兄與我俱夷狄，久欲與兄同為一家。 今天不違願，於此得相見，何為復戰！ 請釋仗。」 文鴦罵曰：「汝為寇賊，當死日久，吾兄不用吾策，故令汝得至此。 我寧斗死，不為汝屈！」 遂下馬苦戰，槊折，執刀戰不已，自辰至申。 後趙兵四面解馬羅披自鄣，前執文鴦； 文鴦力竭被執，城內奪氣。
Shi Hu, Duke of Zhongshan, besieged Duan Pidi, Inspector of Youzhou, at Yanci, while Kong Chang overran and captured every city in Pidi's domain. Duan Wenyang told Pidi, "My reputation rests on courage—that is why the people look to me. If I watch them being pillaged and do nothing, I will have shown myself a coward. Once the people lose faith in me, who will ever die in my cause again? He then rode out with several dozen picked warriors and cut down a great many Later Zhao troops. His horse gave out, and he fell to the ground and could not get up. Hu shouted to him, 'Brother, we are both barbarians by birth. I have long wanted us to stand as one family. Today that wish is fulfilled—we meet face to face at last. Why fight on! Please drop your arms. Wenyang cursed back, 'You are a brigand who should have died long ago. My brother refused my counsel—that is how you got this far. I will die fighting before I ever bow to you! He dismounted and fought on foot. When his spear snapped he drew a sword and kept fighting—from mid-morning until late afternoon. Later Zhao troops closed in from every side, dismounting to lock shields and horses into a living barricade, then seized Wenyang from the front; Wenyang's strength gave out and he was captured, and the city's defenders lost heart."
68
匹磾欲單騎歸朝，邵續之弟樂安內史洎勒兵不聽。 洎復欲執台使王英送於虎，匹磾正色責之曰：「卿不能遵兄之志，逼吾不得歸朝，亦已甚矣！ 復欲執天子使者？ 我雖夷狄，所未聞也！」 洎與兄子緝、竺等輿櫬出降。 匹磾見虎曰：「我受晉恩，志在滅汝，不幸至此，不能為汝敬也。」 後趙王勒及虎素與匹磾結為兄弟，虎即起拜之。 勒以匹磾為冠軍將軍，文鴦為左中郎將，散諸流民三萬餘戶，復其本業，置守宰以撫之。 於是幽、冀、並三州皆入於後趙。 匹磾不為勒禮，常著朝服，持晉節； 久之，與文鴦、邵續皆為後趙所殺。
Pidi wanted to ride alone back to the imperial court, but Ji—Shao Xu's younger brother and Interior Administrator of Lean—mobilized his troops and refused to let him go. Ji then planned to seize the imperial envoy Wang Ying and hand him over to Hu. Pidi confronted him sternly: 'You refuse to honor your brother's will and already block my return to court—that is outrage enough! Would you now seize an envoy of the emperor? I am a barbarian myself, yet even I have never heard of such a thing! Ji, his nephew Ji, Zhu, and others went out carrying coffins on carts to surrender. When Pidi met Hu he said, 'I owe the Jin dynasty a debt of gratitude. My purpose was to destroy you. It is my misfortune to stand here—I cannot show you obeisance. Shi Le, King of Later Zhao, and Hu had long treated Pidi as a sworn brother, and Hu at once rose and paid him formal respect. Le made Pidi Champion General and Wenyang Left Commandant of the Palace Guard. More than thirty thousand refugee households were resettled to their former trades, with officials appointed to oversee and comfort them. With that, the three provinces of You, Ji, and Bing all fell under Later Zhao's control. Pidi refused to bow to Le, continuing to wear Jin court dress and carry the Jin imperial staff of office; In time, Pidi, Wenyang, and Shao Xu were all put to death by Later Zhao."
69
五月，庚申，詔免中州良民遭難為揚州諸郡僮客者，以備征役。 尚書令刁協之謀也，由是眾益怨之。
In the fifth month, on the gengshen day, an edict released Central Plains refugees who had been forced into bond service in Yangzhou's commanderies, drafting them for military levy instead. The plan came from Diao Xie, Director of the Department of State Affairs, and popular resentment toward him only deepened.
70
終南山崩。
Mount Zhongnan collapsed.
71
秋，七月，甲戌，以尚書僕射戴淵為征西將軍、都督司、兗、豫、並、雍、冀六州諸軍事、司州刺史，鎮合肥； 丹楊尹劉隗為鎮北將軍、都督青、徐、幽、平四州諸軍事、青州刺史，鎮淮陰。 皆假節領兵，名為討胡，實備王敦也。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the jiaxu day, Dai Yuan was appointed General Who Pacifies the West, commander of military affairs in Si, Yan, Yu, Bing, Yong, and Ji, and Inspector of Si, with headquarters at Hefei; Liu Kai, Prefect of Danyang, became General Who Pacifies the North, with command over Qing, Xu, You, and Ping, and Inspector of Qing, stationed at Huaiyin. Both received acting imperial authority and field commands officially to campaign against barbarian foes, but in truth to guard against Wang Dun.
72
隗雖在外，而朝廷機事，進退士大夫，帝皆與之密謀。 敦遺隗書曰：「頃承聖上顧眄足下，今大賊未滅，中原鼎沸，欲與足下及周生之徒戮力王室，共靜海內。 若其泰也，則帝祚於是乎隆； 若其否也，則天下永無望矣。」 隗答曰：「『魚相忘於江湖，人相忘於道術。』 『竭股肱之力，效力以忠貞』，吾之志也。」 敦得書，甚怒。
Though Liu Kai was posted far from the capital, the emperor consulted him in secret on every crucial matter of state, including appointments and dismissals among the scholar-official class. Wang Dun wrote to Liu Kai: 'I hear the emperor has lately favored you with his trust. The great enemy is not yet destroyed and the Central Plains are in turmoil. I hope to join you and men of Zhou Yan's stamp in throwing our strength behind the throne and pacifying the empire. If we succeed, the dynasty will flourish; if we fail, there will be no hope left for the realm. Liu Kai replied, ''Let fish forget one another in rivers and lakes, and let men forget one another in their separate paths. 'To give every ounce of one's strength in loyal service'—that is my purpose.' When Wang Dun read the reply, he flew into a rage."
73
壬午，以驃騎將軍王導為侍中、司空、假節、錄尚書、領中書監。 帝以敦故，並疏忌導。 御史中丞周嵩上疏，以為：「導忠素竭誠，輔成大業，不宜聽孤臣之言，惑疑似之說，放逐舊德，以佞伍賢，虧既往之恩，招將來之患。」 帝頗感寤，導由是得全。
On the renwu day, Wang Dao was made Palace Attendant, Minister of Works, acting imperial commissioner, Recorder of the Masters of Writing, and Chief of the Palace Secretariat. Because of Wang Dun, the emperor kept Wang Dao at arm's length and viewed him with suspicion. Zhou Song, Imperial Censor, submitted a memorial arguing that Wang Dao's loyalty was proven and that he had helped build the dynasty. 'Do not let a disloyal minister's whispering,' he wrote, 'or vague suspicions drive you to cast aside a proven servant, surround the worthy with flatterers, betray past kindness, and invite future disaster. The emperor was partly persuaded, and Wang Dao was spared.
74
八月，常山崩。
In the eighth month, Mount Chang collapsed.
75
豫州刺史祖逖，以戴淵吳士，雖有才望，無弘致遠識； 且己翦荊棘、收河南地，而淵雍容，一旦來統之，意甚怏怏； 又聞王敦與劉、刁構隙，將有內難，知大功不遂，感激發病； 九月，壬寅，卒於雍丘。 豫州士女若喪父母，譙、梁間皆為立祠。 王敦久懷異志，聞逖卒，益無所憚。
Zu Ti, Inspector of Yu Province, regarded Dai Yuan as a man of Wu: talented and respected, but without the grand vision needed for long-range planning; He himself had cleared the north of enemies and recovered territory south of the Yellow River, only to have the leisurely Dai Yuan arrive and take command overnight. The affront rankled deeply; He also learned that Wang Dun was feuding with Liu Kai and Diao Xie and that civil strife was brewing. Seeing his larger mission doomed, he fell ill from grief and frustration; In the ninth month, on the renyin day, he died at Yongqiu. The people of Yu Province mourned him as they would their own parents, and shrines to his memory sprang up throughout the region between Qiao and Liang. Wang Dun had long nursed rebellious designs, and Zu Ti's death removed the last check on his ambitions.
76
冬，十月，壬午，以逖弟約為平西將軍、豫州刺史，領逖之眾。 約無綏御之才，不為士卒所附。
In the tenth month of winter, on the renwu day, Zu Ti's brother Zu Yue was appointed General Who Pacifies the West and Inspector of Yu Province, inheriting his brother's army. Zu Yue lacked his brother's gift for command, and the troops gave him little loyalty.
77
初，范陽李產避亂依逖，見約志趣異常，謂所親曰：「吾以北方鼎沸，故遠來就此，冀全宗族。 今觀約所為，有不可測之志。 吾托名姻親，當早自為計，無事復陷身於不義也，爾曹不可以目前之利而忘久長之策。」 乃帥子弟十餘人間行歸鄉里。
Earlier, Li Chan of Fanyang had taken refuge with Zu Ti during the chaos. When he saw Zu Yue's strange ambitions, he told his friends, 'I came south because the north was in flames, hoping to save my clan. Now I see where Zu Yue is heading, and it is a path no one can predict. We are connected by marriage, and I must look out for myself before it is too late. There is no point in being swept into something shameful again. Do not trade a lasting future for a moment's gain. He then took more than a dozen kin and slipped away by back roads to their home country."
78
十一月，皇孫衍生。
In the eleventh month, the emperor's grandson Yan was born.
79
後趙王勒悉召武鄉耆舊詣襄國，與之共坐歡飲。 初，勒微時，與李陽鄰居，數爭漚麻池相毆，陽由是獨不敢來。 勒曰：「陽，壯士也； 漚麻，布衣之恨； 孤方兼容天下，豈仇匹夫乎！」 遽召與飲，引陽臂曰：「孤往日厭卿老拳，卿亦飽孤毒手。」 因拜參軍都尉。 以武鄉比豐、沛，復之三世。
Shi Le summoned every elder statesman of his native Wuxiang to Xiangguo and shared seats and cups with them in celebration. In Le's early days he and Li Yang had been neighbors and often brawled over access to the hemp-retting pool, which was why Yang alone stayed away. Le said, 'Li Yang is a brave man; A quarrel over soaking hemp is a peasant's grudge; I intend to embrace the whole empire—why would I bear a grudge against one ordinary man! He had Yang brought in at once, took his arm, and said with a laugh, 'I used to dread your heavy fists—and you surely remember mine. He then appointed Yang Staff Adjutant Commandant. He exempted Wuxiang from taxes for three generations, granting it privileges comparable to Liu Bang's home counties of Feng and Pei."
80
勒以民始復業，資儲未豐，於是重制禁釀，郊祀宗廟，皆用醴酒，行之數年，無復釀者。
Because the people were just returning to their fields and grain reserves were still thin, Le banned private brewing entirely. State rituals alone could use ritual wine, and within a few years private distillation had virtually ceased.
81
十二月，以慕容廆為都督幽、平二州、東夷諸軍事、車騎將軍、平州牧，封遼東公，單于如故，遣謁者即授印綬，聽承製置官司守宰。 廆於是備置僚屬，以裴嶷、游邃為長史，裴開為司馬，韓壽為別駕，陽耽為軍諮祭酒，崔燾為主簿，黃泓、鄭林參軍事。 廆立子皝為世子。 作東橫，以平原劉贊為祭酒，使皝與諸生同受業，廆得暇，亦親臨聽之。 皝雄毅多權略，喜經術，國人稱之。 廆徙慕容翰鎮遼東，慕容仁鎮平郭。 翰撫安民夷，甚有威惠； 仁亦次之。
In the twelfth month, Murong Hui was confirmed as commander of You and Ping, General of Chariots and Cavalry, Governor of Ping, and Duke of Liaodong, retaining his title as chanyu. An imperial envoy invested him with seal and ribbon on the spot and authorized him to appoint his own officials and local administrators. Hui then assembled a full administrative staff: Pei Yi and You Sui as chief clerks, Pei Kai as Major, Han Shou as Escort Commander, Yang Dan as military adviser, Cui Tao as registrar, and Huang Hong and Zheng Lin as adjutants. Hui named his son Huang heir apparent. He founded the Eastern Hall of Learning, with Liu Zan of Pingyuan as its rector, and had Huang study alongside the other pupils. When his duties allowed, Hui himself attended to listen. Huang was bold, resourceful, and devoted to the classics, and his countrymen spoke well of him. Hui posted Murong Han at Liaodong and Murong Ren at Pingguo. Han governed Chinese and tribal peoples alike with stern authority and humane care; Ren was nearly as capable.
82
拓跋猗□妻惟氏，忌代王鬱律之強，恐不利於其子，乃殺鬱律而立其子賀人辱，大人死者數十人。 鬱律之子什翼犍，幼在襁褓，其母王氏匿於褲中，祝之曰：「天苟存汝，則勿啼。」 久之，不啼，乃得免。 惟氏專制國政，遣使聘後趙，後趙人謂之「女國使」。
Lady Wei, wife of Tuoba Yilu, resented the Prince of Dai Yulu's power and feared it threatened her son. She had Yulu killed and installed her son Herenru as ruler, and several dozen tribal chieftains died in the bloodbath. Yulu's infant son Shiyijian was hidden by his mother, Lady Wang, inside a pair of trousers. She whispered a prayer: 'If Heaven means to save you, do not cry. After a long while he did not cry, and so survived. Lady Wei dominated the government and sent envoys to Later Zhao, which the Later Zhao court dubbed the 'envoys from the kingdom of women.'