1
【晉紀十五】起閼逢涒□灘，盡強圉大淵獻，凡四年。
[Jin Annals 15] From the cyclical year Emao Zui□tan through Qiangyu Dayuanxian—a span of four years.
2
肅宗明皇帝下太寧二年（ 甲申，公元三二四年）
Under Emperor Ming the Illustrious Ancestor, second year of Taining ( year Jiashen, AD 324)
3
春，正月，王敦誣周嵩、周莛與李脫謀為不軌，收嵩、莛於軍中，殺之； 遣參軍賀鸞就沈充於吳，盡殺周札諸兄子； 進兵襲會稽，札拒戰而死。
In spring, the first month, Wang Dun charged Zhou Song and Zhou Ting with plotting treason alongside Li Tuo, seized them in camp, and put them to death; he dispatched his adjutant He Luan to Shen Chong in Wu, who slaughtered every nephew of Zhou Zha's brothers; then marched on Kuaiji, where Zha fought to the death in defense.
4
後趙將兵都尉石瞻寇下邳、彭城，取東莞、東海，劉遐退保泗口。
Shi Zhan, Later Zhao's commander of troops, attacked Xiapi and Pengcheng, took Dongguan and Donghai, and Liu Xia fell back to hold Sikou.
5
司州刺史石生擊趙河南太守尹平於新安，斬之，掠五千餘戶而歸。 自是二趙構隙，日相攻掠，河東、弘農之間，民不聊生矣。
Shi Sheng, inspector of Sizhou, struck Zhao's Henan administrator Yin Ping at Xin'an, killed him, and withdrew after carrying off more than five thousand households. From then on the two Zhao regimes were at odds and attacked each other day after day, until the people between Hedong and Hongnong could scarcely survive.
6
石生寇許、穎，俘獲萬計； 攻郭誦於陽翟，誦與戰，大破之，生退守康城。 後趙汲郡內史石聰聞生敗，馳救之，進攻司州刺史李矩、穎川太守郭默，皆破之。
Shi Sheng raided Xu and Ying and took tens of thousands captive; he besieged Guo Song at Yangdi, but Song met him in battle and routed his forces, forcing Sheng to fall back and hold Kangcheng. When Shi Cong, interior minister of Jijun under Later Zhao, learned of Sheng's defeat, he hurried to his aid and marched against Inspector Li Ju of Sizhou and Administrator Guo Mo of Yingchuan, defeating both.
7
成主雄，後任氏無子，有妾子十餘人，雄立其兄蕩之子班為太子，使任後母之。 群臣請立諸子，雄曰：「吾兄，先帝之嫡統，有奇材大功，事垂克而早世，朕常悼之。 且班仁孝好學，必能負荷先烈。」 太傅驤、司徒王達諫曰：「先王立嗣必子者，所以明定分而防篡奪也。 宋宣公、吳餘祭，足以觀矣。」 雄不聽。 驤退而流涕曰：「亂自此始矣！」 班為人謙恭下士，動遵禮法，雄每有大議，輒令豫之。
Lord Xiong of Cheng had no son by Empress Ren, though more than a dozen sons by his concubines; Xiong named Ban, son of his late brother Dang, crown prince and had Empress Ren rear him as her own. When his ministers urged him to name one of his own sons, Xiong said, "My elder brother was the former emperor's legitimate heir, a man of rare ability who won great victories, yet he died young just as triumph was within reach—I have mourned him ever since. Besides, Ban is dutiful, filial, and devoted to learning; he will surely be able to uphold our ancestors' legacy. Grand Tutor Xiang and Minister over the Masses Wang Da objected: "Former kings always named their own sons as heirs so that the succession would be clear and usurpation forestalled. The cases of Duke Xuan of Song and Yuji of Wu are warning enough." Xiong refused to heed them. Xiang withdrew in tears and said, "From this moment disorder will begin!" Ban was modest toward men of talent and scrupulous in ritual; whenever Xiong faced a weighty decision, he had Ban take part."
8
夏，五月，甲申，張茂疾病，執世子駿手泣曰：「吾家世以孝友忠順著稱，今雖天下大亂，汝奉承之，不可失也。」 且下令曰：「吾官非王命，苟以集事，豈敢榮之！ 死之日，當以白帢入棺，勿以朝服斂。」 是日，薨。 愍帝使者史淑在姑臧，左長史汜禕、右長史馬謨等使淑拜駿大將軍、涼州牧、西平公，赦其境內。 前趙主曜遣使贈茂太宰，謚曰成烈王。 拜駿上大將軍、涼州牧、涼王。
In summer, the fifth month, on the day Jiashen, Zhang Mao lay gravely ill; taking his heir Jun by the hand, he wept and said, "Our house has been known for generations for filial devotion, brotherly harmony, loyalty, and obedience; though the empire is torn by chaos, you must uphold these virtues and never abandon them." He also commanded: "My titles were never granted by the throne; I accepted them only to get the work done—how could I treat them as glory! When I die, lay me in my coffin wearing only a white headcloth; do not dress me in court regalia for burial." That same day he passed away. Emperor Min's envoy Shi Shu was at Guzang; the left chief clerk Si Yi, the right chief clerk Ma Mo, and others had Shu invest Jun as grand general, governor of Liangzhou, and Duke of Xiping, and proclaimed an amnesty throughout the domain. Liu Yao of Former Zhao sent envoys to posthumously honor Mao as grand preceptor with the temple name King Cheng-lie. Jun was invested as grand general supreme, governor of Liangzhou, and King of Liang.
9
王敦疾甚，矯詔拜王應為武衛將軍以自副，以王含為驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。 錢鳳謂敦曰：「脫有不諱，便當以後事付應邪？」 敦曰：「非常之事，非常人所能為。 且應年少，豈堪大事！ 我死之後，莫若釋兵散眾，歸身朝廷，保全門戶，上計也； 退還武昌，收兵自守，貢獻不廢，中計也； 及吾尚存，悉眾而下，萬一僥倖，下計也。」 鳳謂其黨曰：「公之下計，乃上策也。」 遂與沈充定謀，俟敦死即作亂。 又以宿衛尚多，奏令三番休二。
Wang Dun grew gravely ill; he forged an edict naming Wang Ying defender-general of the martial guards as his deputy and Wang Han cavalry general-in-chief with privileges equal to the Three Excellencies. Qian Feng asked Dun, "If the worst should happen, would you really leave everything to Ying?" Dun replied, "Extraordinary undertakings are not for ordinary men. Besides, Ying is still young—how could he shoulder such a burden! After I am gone, your best course is to disband the army, submit to the court, and preserve our house—that is the high plan; withdraw to Wuchang, hold your forces in defense, and keep sending tribute—that is the middle plan; or, while I still breathe, march every man south and gamble on a lucky stroke—that is the low plan." Feng told his followers, "His 'low plan' is really the best strategy of all." He and Shen Chong then agreed to rise in rebellion the moment Dun died. Finding the palace guard still too large, he petitioned that each unit serve only one rotation in three.
10
初，帝親任中書令溫嶠，敦惡之，請嶠為左司馬。 嶠乃繆為勤敬，綜其府事，時進密謀以附其欲。 深結錢鳳，為之聲譽，每曰：「錢世儀精神滿腹。」 嶠素有藻鑒之名，鳳甚悅，深與嶠結好。 會丹楊尹缺，嶠言於敦曰：「京尹咽喉之地，公宜自選其才，恐朝廷用人，或不盡理。」 敦然之，問嶠：「誰可者？」 嶠曰：「愚謂無如錢鳳。」 鳳亦推嶠，嶠偽辭之，敦不聽，六月，表嶠為丹楊尹，且使覘伺朝廷。 嶠恐既去而錢鳳於後間止之，因敦餞別，嶠起行酒，至鳳，鳳未及飲，嶠偽醉，以手版擊鳳幘墜，作色曰：「錢鳳何人，溫太真行酒而敢不飲！」 敦以為醉，兩釋之。 嶠臨去，與敦別，涕泗橫流，出閣復入者再三。 行後，鳳謂敦曰：「嶠於朝廷甚密，而與庾亮深交，未可信也。」 敦曰：「太真昨醉，小加聲色，何得便爾相讒！」 嶠至建康，盡以敦逆謀告帝，請先為之備，又與庾亮共畫討敦之謀。 敦聞之，大怒曰：「吾乃為小物所欺！」 與司徒導書曰：「太真別來幾日，作如此事！ 當募人生致之，自拔其舌。」
Earlier the emperor had placed great trust in Palace Secretary Wen Jiao; Dun resented him and had Jiao transferred to serve as his left chief of staff. Jiao feigned diligence and deference, took charge of headquarters business, and now and then offered secret advice tailored to Dun's desires. He cultivated a close tie with Qian Feng, burnished Feng's reputation, and would say, "Qian Shiyi is a man whose mind is brimming with talent." Jiao was already famed for his discernment; Feng was delighted and grew intimate with him. When the governorship of Danyang fell vacant, Jiao told Dun, "The capital governorship is the empire's throat; you ought to choose the man yourself, lest the court appoint someone unsuitable." Dun agreed and asked, "Whom do you recommend?" Jiao replied, "In my view no one is better than Qian Feng." Feng reciprocated by recommending Jiao; Jiao pretended to decline, but Dun insisted. In the sixth month he had Jiao appointed governor of Danyang and sent him to watch the court. Fearing that once he departed Qian Feng would talk Dun out of letting him go, Jiao at the farewell feast rose to pour wine; reaching Feng before he could drink, Jiao feigned drunkenness, knocked Feng's cap off with his writing tablet, and cried, "Who is Qian Feng to refuse a cup from Wen Taizhen!" Dun dismissed it as drunkenness and smoothed matters over between them. On the eve of his departure Jiao bade Dun farewell in floods of tears, leaving the gate only to return again and again. After Jiao had left, Feng told Dun, "Jiao is on intimate terms with the court and is close to Yu Liang—he is not to be trusted." Dun said, "Taizhen was drunk last night and spoke sharply—that hardly proves he is plotting against us!" When Jiao reached Jiankang he told the emperor everything about Dun's conspiracy, urged immediate preparations, and with Yu Liang drew up plans to suppress him. When Dun learned of this he raged, "I have been duped by a nobody!" He wrote to Minister Dao, "Taizhen has been gone only a few days and already he has done this! I shall hire men to take him alive so I can tear out his tongue with my own hands."
11
帝將討敦，以問光祿勳應詹，詹勸成之，帝意遂決。 丁卯，加司徒導大都督、領揚州刺史，以溫嶠都督東安北部諸軍事，與右將軍卞敦守石頭，應詹為護軍將軍、都督前鋒及朱雀橋南諸軍事，郗鑒行衛將軍、都督從駕諸軍事，庾亮領左衛將軍，以吏部尚書卞壺行中軍將軍。 郗鑒以為軍號無益事實，固辭不受，請召臨淮太守蘇峻、兗州刺史劉遐同討敦。 詔征峻、遐及徐州刺史王邃、豫州刺史祖約、廣陵太守陶瞻等入衛京師。 帝屯於中堂。
When the emperor resolved to move against Dun, he asked Household Counsellor Ying Zhan, who urged him to go through with it, and his decision was made. On the day Dingmao, Minister Dao was named supreme commander and given Yangzhou; Wen Jiao was placed in command of northern Dong'an and, with General Bian Dun of the Right, held Stone City; Ying Zhan became protector-general, commanding the vanguard and all troops south of the Vermilion Bird Bridge; Xi Jian served as defender-general in command of the emperor's escort; Yu Liang held the left guard; and Minister of Personnel Bian Hu acted as central-army general. Xi Jian argued that titles alone would not win the war and firmly declined them, asking that Su Jun, administrator of Linhuai, and Liu Xia, inspector of Yanzhou, be called in to help crush Dun. An edict called Jun, Xia, Wang Sui of Xuzhou, Zu Yue of Yuzhou, Tao Zhan of Guangling, and others to march to the capital's defense. The emperor took up position in the Central Hall.
12
司徒導聞敦疾篤，帥子弟為敦發哀，眾以為敦信死，鹹有奮志。 於是尚書騰詔下敦府，列敦罪惡曰：「敦輒立兄息以自承代，未有宰相繼體而不由王命者也。 頑凶相獎，無所顧忌； 志騁兇丑，以窺神器。 天不長奸，敦以隕斃； 鳳承凶宄，彌復煽逆。 今遣司徒導等虎旅三萬，十道並進； 平西將軍邃等精銳三萬，水陸齊勢； 朕親統諸軍，討鳳之罪。 有能殺鳳送首，封五千戶侯。 諸文武為敦所授用者，一無所問，無或猜嫌，以取誅滅。 敦之將士，從敦彌年，違離家室，朕甚愍之。 其單丁在軍，皆遣歸家，終身不調； 其餘皆與假三年，休訖還台，當與宿衛同例三番。」
When Minister Dao heard that Dun was gravely ill, he led his kinsmen in mourning for him; everyone assumed Dun had died, and spirits rose throughout the army. The Masters of Writing then issued an edict to Dun's headquarters listing his crimes: "Dun has presumptuously named his elder brother's son as his heir—never before has a chief minister transmitted power without the throne's command. The wicked egg one another on without restraint; their hearts bent on evil, they covet the throne itself. Heaven does not long favor traitors—Dun has already fallen; Feng carries on his evil and fans the rebellion ever higher. We now send Minister Dao and thirty thousand seasoned troops along ten routes at once; Pacifier of the West Wang Sui and thirty thousand picked troops, advancing by land and water together; We shall personally lead the armies to punish Feng. Whoever kills Feng and brings in his head shall receive a marquisate of five thousand households. All civil and military officials whom Dun appointed shall go unpunished; let none invite destruction through needless suspicion. Dun's soldiers have followed him for years, far from their homes, and We pity them deeply. Sole sons in the ranks shall all be sent home and never again conscripted; the rest shall receive three years' leave and, when it ends, return to serve in the palace guard on the usual three-rotation schedule."
13
敦見詔，甚怒，而病轉篤，不能自將； 將舉兵伐京師，使記室郭璞筮之，璞曰：「無成。」 敦素疑璞助溫嶠、庾亮，及聞卦凶，乃問璞曰：「卿更筮吾壽幾何？」 璞曰：「思向卦，明公起事，必禍不久。 若住武昌，壽不可測。」 敦大怒曰：「卿壽幾何？」 曰：「命盡今日日中。」 敦乃收璞，斬之。
Dun was furious when he read the edict, but his illness worsened and he could no longer take the field himself; as he prepared to march on the capital he had his secretary Guo Pu cast the oracle; Pu said, "You will not succeed." Dun had long suspected Pu of siding with Wen Jiao and Yu Liang; when he heard the ill omen he demanded, "Cast again—how long do I have to live?" Pu said, "Judging from the last reading, if you launch this campaign, disaster will follow swiftly. If you stay at Wuchang, your span of years cannot be foretold." Dun raged, "And how long is yours?" He answered, "Mine ends at noon today." Dun had Pu seized and beheaded.
14
敦使錢鳳及冠軍將軍鄧岳、前將軍周撫等帥眾向京師。 王含謂敦曰：「此乃家事，吾當自行。」 於是以含為元帥。 鳳等問曰：「事克之日，天子雲何？」 敦曰：「尚未南郊，何得稱天子！ 便盡卿兵勢，保護東海王及裴妃而已。」 乃上疏，以誅奸臣溫嶠等為名。 秋，七月，壬申朔，王含等水陸五萬奄至江寧南岸，人情恟懼。 溫嶠移屯水北，燒朱雀桁以挫其鋒，含等不得渡。 帝欲新將兵擊之，聞橋已絕，大怒。 嶠曰：「今宿衛寡弱，徵兵未至，若賊豕突，危及社稷，宗廟且恐不保，何愛一橋乎！」
Dun sent Qian Feng, Champion General Deng Yue, Forward General Zhou Fu, and others to march on the capital. Wang Han told Dun, "This is our family's business; I should go in person." Han was accordingly made commander-in-chief. Feng and the others asked, "If we prevail, what becomes of the emperor?" Dun said, "He has not yet sacrificed at the southern suburb—how can he be called emperor! Simply use all your force to protect the Prince of Donghai and Lady Pei, and nothing more." He then memorialized the throne under the pretext of punishing the traitors Wen Jiao and his allies. In autumn, the seventh month, on the first day Renshen, Wang Han and fifty thousand men by land and sea suddenly appeared on the south bank of Jiangning, throwing the populace into terror. Wen Jiao moved his camp north of the river and burned the Vermilion Bird Bridge to blunt their advance, so Han's forces could not cross. The emperor meant to lead troops against them in person; when he learned the bridge had been burned he was furious. Jiao said, "Our palace guard is thin and reinforcements have not arrived; if the rebels break through like a herd of boars, the altars of state and even the ancestral temples may fall—what is one bridge beside that!"
15
司徒導遺含書曰：「近承大將軍困篤，或雲已有不諱。 尋知錢鳳大嚴，欲肆奸逆； 謂兄當抑制不逞，還蕃武昌，今乃與犬羊俱下。 兄之此舉，謂可得如大將軍昔年之事乎？ 昔年佞臣亂朝，人懷不寧，如導之徒，心思外濟。 今則不然。 大將軍來屯於湖，漸失人心，君子危怖，百姓勞弊。 臨終之日，委重安期； 安期斷乳幾日？ 又於時望，便可襲宰相之跡邪？ 自開闢以來，頗有宰相以孺子為之者乎？ 諸有耳者，皆知將為禪代，非人臣之事也。 先帝中興，遺愛在民； 聖主聰明，德洽朝野。 兄乃欲妄萌逆節，凡在人臣，誰不憤歎！ 導門戶小大受國厚恩，今日之事，明目張膽，為六軍之首，寧為忠臣而死，不為無賴而生矣！」 含不答。
Minister Dao wrote to Han: "We have lately heard that the Grand General is gravely ill and that the worst may already have befallen him. We soon learned that Qian Feng was mobilizing in force and plotting treason; we thought you would restrain the hotheads and withdraw to Wuchang—yet now you march south alongside dogs and goats. Do you imagine this venture can repeat the Grand General's success of years ago? In those days wicked ministers threw the court into chaos and honest men looked for help from outside—men like me thought only of lending aid from afar. Now it is otherwise. The Grand General encamped at Yu and steadily lost the people's hearts; men of honor lived in fear, and the common folk were worn to exhaustion. On his deathbed he entrusted everything to Anqi; how long has Anqi been off the breast? And by what standing can he simply step into the chancellor's place? Since the world began, has any realm ever made a mere child its chancellor? Everyone with ears knows you mean to seize the throne—this is no business for loyal ministers. The former emperor restored the dynasty, and his kindness still lives in the people's hearts; the sage emperor is wise, and his virtue fills court and countryside alike. Yet you would rashly hatch treason—what subject would not burn with outrage! Every member of Dao's house has received the state's deepest favor; in this affair I stand openly at the head of the six armies—I would rather die a loyal minister than live as a rogue!" Han did not answer.
16
或以為「王含、錢鳳眾力百倍，苑城小而不固，宜及軍勢未成，大駕自出拒戰」。 郗鑒曰：「群逆縱逸，勢不可當，可以謀屈，難以力競。 且含等號令不一，抄盜相尋，吏民懲往年暴掠，皆人自為守。 乘逆順之勢，何憂不克！ 且賊無經略遠圖，惟恃豕突一戰； 曠日持久，必啟義士之心，令智力得展。 今以此弱力敵彼強寇，決勝負於一朝，定成敗於呼吸。 萬一蹉跌，雖有申胥之徒，義存投袂，何補於既往哉！」 帝乃止。
Some argued that Wang Han and Qian Feng commanded forces many times greater, that the park city was small and weak, and that the emperor should lead the army out in person before the rebels could gather their full strength. Xi Jian said, "The rebels are running wild and their momentum cannot be met head-on; they must be overcome by strategy, not brute force. Moreover Han's orders are confused and looting goes on without end; officials and commoners, remembering the pillage of years past, are defending themselves on their own. With righteousness on our side against rebellion, how can we fail! Besides, the rebels have no long-term plan and trust only to one reckless charge; if the struggle drags on, loyal hearts will surely rise and wisdom and strength will have room to show themselves. To pit our weak force against their strong band and stake everything on a single morning, deciding success and failure in a breath— if we stumble, even a Shen Xu flinging aside his sleeve in righteous wrath could not undo what was already lost!" "The emperor held back."
17
帝帥諸軍出屯南皇堂。 癸酉夜，募壯士，遣將軍段秀、中軍司馬曹渾等帥甲卒千人渡水，掩其未備。 平旦，戰於越城，大破之，斬其前鋒將何康。 秀，匹磾之弟也。
The emperor led the armies out to camp at the Southern Imperial Hall. That night, on the day Guiyou, he recruited stalwarts and sent General Duan Xiu, Central Army Major Cao Hun, and others with a thousand armored men across the river to take the enemy by surprise. At dawn they fought at Yuecheng, routed the enemy, and beheaded the vanguard general He Kang. Xiu was a younger brother of Murong Pidi.
18
敦聞含敗，大怒曰：「我兄，老婢耳！ 門戶衰。 世事去矣！」 顧謂參軍呂寶曰：「我當力行。」。 因作勢而起，困乏，復臥，乃謂其舅少府羊鑒及王應曰：「我死，應便即位，先立朝廷百官，然後營葬事。」 敦尋卒，應秘不發喪，裹屍以席，蠟塗其外，埋於廳事中，與諸葛瑤等日夜縱酒淫樂。
When Dun heard of Han's defeat he raged, "My brother is nothing but an old woman! Our house is ruined. All is lost!" He turned to his adjutant Lü Bao and said, "I must rouse myself and act." He made as if to rise, but exhaustion overtook him and he lay down again; he told his uncle Yang Jian, director of the palace storehouse, and Wang Ying, "When I die, Ying is to take command at once—first install the court officials, then see to my burial." Dun soon died; Ying concealed the death, wrapped the body in matting, sealed it with wax, buried it in the main hall, and with Zhuge Yao and others gave himself over to wine and debauchery night and day.
19
帝使吳興沈楨說沈充，許以為司空。 充曰：「三司具瞻之重，豈吾所任！ 幣厚言甘，古人所畏也。 且丈夫共事，終始當同，豈可中道改易，人誰容我乎！」 遂舉兵趣建康。 宗正卿虞潭以疾歸會稽，聞之，起兵餘姚以討充，帝以潭領會稽內史。 前安東將軍劉超、宣城內史鐘雅皆起兵以討充。 義興人周蹇殺王敦所署太守劉芳，平西將軍祖約逐敦所署淮南太守任台。
The emperor sent Shen Zhen of Wuxing to win over Shen Chong with the promise of the post of minister of works. Chong said, "The Three Excellencies are the pillars the realm looks to—how could I be fit for such a post! Rich gifts and honeyed words are what the ancients feared most. When men serve together they stand together to the end—how can I turn aside halfway? Who would ever trust me again!" He then raised troops and marched on Jiankang. Yu Tan, director of the imperial clan, had returned to Kuaiji on account of illness; when he heard the news he raised troops at Yuyao against Chong, and the emperor appointed him interior minister of Kuaiji. Former Pacifier of the East Liu Chao and Interior Minister Zhong Ya of Xuancheng both took up arms against Chong. Zhou Jian of Yixing killed Liu Fang, the governor Wang Dun had installed; Pacifier of the West Zu Yue drove out Ren Tai, Dun's appointee as Huainan administrator.
20
沈充帥眾萬餘人與王含軍合，司馬顧颺說充曰：「今舉大事，而天子已扼其咽喉，鋒摧氣沮，相持日久，必致禍敗。 今若決破柵塘，因湖水以灌京邑，乘水勢，縱舟師以攻之，此上策也； 藉初至之銳，並東、西軍之力，十道俱進，眾寡過倍，理必摧陷，中策也； 轉禍為福，召錢鳳計事，因斬之以降，下策也。」 充皆不能用，颺逃歸於吳。
Shen Chong led more than ten thousand men to join Han's forces; Major Gu Yang urged Chong, "You have launched a great rebellion, yet the emperor already has you by the throat; your momentum is spent—if this stalemate drags on, you are doomed. Break the sluice dams, flood the capital with lake water, and strike by fleet under cover of the flood—that is the high plan; use the edge of your fresh troops, unite the eastern and western armies, advance on ten fronts with more than double their numbers, and crush them by sheer weight—that is the middle plan; turn disaster to advantage by summoning Qian Feng, then killing him and surrendering—that is the low plan." Chong would adopt none of them; Yang fled back to Wu.
21
丁亥，劉遐、蘇峻等帥精卒萬人至，帝夜見，勞之，賜將士各有差。 沈充、錢鳳欲因北軍初到疲睏擊之，乙未夜，充、鳳從竹格渚渡淮。 護軍將軍應詹、建威將軍趙胤等拒戰，不利，充、鳳至宣陽門，拔柵，將戰，劉遐、蘇峻自南塘橫擊，大破之，赴水死者三千人。 遐又破沈充於青溪。
On the day Dinghai, Liu Xia, Su Jun, and others arrived with ten thousand elite troops; the emperor received them by night, praised them, and rewarded the officers and men according to their merit. Shen Chong and Qian Feng meant to strike while the northern army was still exhausted from its march; that night, on the day Yimao, they crossed the Huai at Zhuge Ford. Protector-General Ying Zhan, Establishing Might General Zhao Yin, and others fought but were driven back; Chong and Feng reached the Xuanyang Gate and were pulling up the palisades when Liu Xia and Su Jun struck from the Southern Embankment, routing them—three thousand men drowned in the river. Xia defeated Shen Chong again at Qingxi.
22
尋陽太守周光聞敦舉兵，帥千餘人來赴。 既至，求見敦。 王應辭以疾。 光退曰：「今我遠來而不得見，公其死乎！」 遽見其兄撫曰：「王公已死，兄何為與錢鳳作賊！」 眾皆愕然。
When Zhou Guang, administrator of Xunyang, heard that Dun had risen in arms, he led more than a thousand men to join him. On arrival he asked to see Dun. Wang Ying pleaded illness on Dun's behalf. Guang withdrew, saying, "I have come all this way and cannot see him—he must be dead!" He rushed to his brother Fu and cried, "Lord Wang is dead—brother, why do you make common cause with Qian Feng the rebel!" Everyone was stunned.
23
丙申，王含等燒營夜遁。 丁酉，帝還宮，大赦，惟敦黨不原。 命庾亮督蘇峻等追沈充於吳興，溫嶠督劉遐等追王含、錢鳳於江寧，分命諸將追其黨與。 劉遐軍人頗縱虜掠，嶠責之曰：「天道助順，故王含剿絕，豈可因亂為亂也！」 遐惶恐拜謝。
On the day Bingshen, Wang Han and his men burned their camp and fled under cover of night. On the day Dingyou the emperor returned to the palace, proclaimed a general amnesty, and pardoned all except Dun's faction. He ordered Yu Liang, with Su Jun and others, to pursue Shen Chong in Wuxing, and Wen Jiao, with Liu Xia and others, to pursue Wang Han and Qian Feng at Jiangning; other generals were sent after the remaining conspirators. Liu Xia's men plundered freely; Jiao rebuked him: "Heaven aids the righteous, and that is why Wang Han has been destroyed—will you now add chaos to chaos!" Xia bowed in fear and apologized.
24
王含欲奔荊州，王應曰：「不如江州。」 含曰：「大將軍平素與江州雲何，而欲歸之？」 應曰：「此乃所以宜歸也。 江州當人強盛時，能立同異，此非常人所及，今睹困厄，必有愍惻之心。 荊州守文，豈能意外行事邪！」 含不從，遂奔荊州。 王舒遣軍迎之，沉含父子於江。 王彬聞應當來，密具舟以侍之； 不至，深以為恨。 錢鳳走至闔廬洲，周光斬之，詣闕自贖。 沈充走失道，誤入故將吳儒家。 儒誘充內重壁中，因笑謂充曰：「三千戶侯矣！」 充曰：「爾以義存我，我家必厚報汝。 若以利殺我，我死，汝族滅矣。」 儒遂殺之，傳首建康。 敦黨悉平。 充子勁當坐誅，鄉人錢舉匿之，得免； 其後勁竟滅吳氏。
Wang Han wanted to flee to Jingzhou; Wang Ying said, "Jiangzhou would be better." Han said, "What were the Grand General's relations with Jiangzhou, that you would go there?" Ying replied, "That is exactly why we should go there. When Jiangzhou was strong it dared stand apart from us—few could do that; now that it sees us in distress, it will surely pity us. Jingzhou clings to the letter of the law—it would never act outside convention!" Han refused and fled to Jingzhou. Wang Shu sent troops to meet them and drowned Han and his son in the Yangzi. Wang Bin, hearing that Ying might come to him, secretly prepared boats to receive him; when Ying never came, he was deeply grieved. Qian Feng fled to Helu Isle; Zhou Guang beheaded him and presented himself at court to atone for his earlier loyalty to Dun. Shen Chong, having lost his way, blundered into the house of his former officer Wu Ru. Ru lured him into a hidden chamber and laughed, "A marquisate of three thousand households is yours!" Chong said, "If you spare me out of loyalty, my family will reward you handsomely. If you kill me for gain, when I die your whole clan will perish." Ru killed him anyway and sent his head to Jiankang. Dun's faction was wholly destroyed. Chong's son Jin was condemned to death; a townsman named Qian Ju hid him and he escaped execution; in the end Jin wiped out the Wu family.
25
有司發王敦瘞，出屍，焚其衣冠，跽而斬之。 與沈充首同懸於南桁。 郗鑒言於帝曰：「前朝誅楊駿等，皆先極官刑，後聽私殯。 臣以為王誅加於上，私義行於下，宜聽敦家收葬，於義為弘。」 帝許之。 司徒導等皆以討敦功受封賞。
The authorities opened Wang Dun's tomb, took out the corpse, burned his robes, and beheaded the body in formal kneeling posture. His head was displayed alongside Shen Chong's on the southern bridge. Xi Jian told the emperor, "When Yang Jun and his faction were executed in the previous reign, they were first subjected to full official punishment and only afterward allowed private burial. I believe that when the throne has exacted its punishment, private duty may still be fulfilled below; Dun's family should be allowed to bury him—this would be the magnanimous course." The emperor agreed. Minister Dao and others were all enfeoffed and rewarded for their service against Dun.
26
周撫與鄧岳俱亡，周光欲資給其兄而取岳。 撫怒曰：「我與伯山同亡，何不先斬我！」 會岳至，撫出門遙謂之曰：「何不速去！ 今骨肉尚欲相危，況他人乎！」 岳回舟而走，與撫共入西陽蠻中。 明年，詔原敦黨，撫、岳出首，得免死禁錮。
Zhou Fu and Deng Yue were both fugitives; Zhou Guang meant to supply his brother and capture Yue. Fu raged, "Boshan and I will live or die together—why not strike me down first!" When Yue arrived, Fu went to the gate and shouted to him from afar, "Why do you not flee at once! If even kin turn on one another, what hope is there for anyone else!" Yue turned his boat about and fled; he and Fu took refuge among the Xiyang tribes. The following year an edict pardoned Dun's followers; Fu and Yue surrendered and were spared death, though imprisoned.
27
故吳內史張茂妻陸氏，傾家產，帥茂部曲為先登以討沈充，報其夫仇。 充敗，陸氏詣闕上書，為茂謝不克之責； 詔贈茂太僕。
Lu, wife of the late Interior Minister Zhang Mao of Wu, spent her family's entire fortune, led her husband's retainers as the first over the wall against Shen Chong, and avenged her husband's death. After Chong's defeat, Lady Lu went to court and submitted a memorial apologizing on Mao's behalf for his failure to hold out; the throne posthumously honored Mao as grand servant.
28
有司奏：「王彬等敦之親族，皆當除名。」 詔曰：「司徒導以大義滅親，猶將百世宥之，況彬等皆公之近親乎！」 悉無所問。
The authorities memorialized that Wang Bin and other kinsmen of Dun should all be struck from the registers." The edict replied, "Minister Dao destroyed his own kin for righteousness' sake, yet he is still to be pardoned for generations—how much more Bin and the others, who are the Duke's own close kin!" None were prosecuted.
29
有詔：「王敦綱紀除名，參佐禁錮」溫嶠上疏曰：「王敦剛愎不仁，忍行殺戮，朝廷所不能制，骨肉所不能諫； 處其朝者，恆懼危亡，故人士結舌，道路以目，誠賢人君子道窮數盡，遵養時晦之辰也。 原其私心，豈遑晏處！ 如陸玩、劉胤、郭璞之徒常與臣言，備知之矣。 必其贊導凶悖，自當正以典刑； 如其枉陷奸黨，謂宜施之寬貸。 臣以玩等之誠，聞於聖聽，當受同賊之責； 苟默而不言，實負其心，惟陛下仁聖裁之！」 郗鑒以為先王立君臣之教，貴於伏節死義。 王敦佐吏，雖多逼迫，然進不能止其逆謀，退不能脫身遠遁，准之前訓，宜加義責。 帝卒從嶠議。
An edict ordered Wang Dun's name struck from the statutes and his staff imprisoned. Wen Jiao memorialized: "Wang Dun was obstinate, cruel, and merciless; the court could not restrain him and even his kin could not dissuade him; those who served in his court lived in constant fear for their lives; men of talent fell silent and exchanged glances in the streets—it was the hour when worthy men, their path blocked and their fate spent, could only nurture virtue and bide their time in obscurity. If one considers what was in their hearts, how could they have lived at ease! Men such as Lu Wan, Liu Yin, and Guo Pu often spoke with me of this—I know it well. If they truly abetted his wicked rebellion, they should be punished under the law; If they were falsely accused as conspirators, they deserve clemency. Since I have brought Lu Wan and the others' loyalty to Your Majesty's attention, I should share their guilt if I am wrong; To remain silent would betray my conscience. I entrust the matter to Your Majesty's wise judgment!" Xi Jian argued that earlier kings, in teaching the bonds of lord and subject, prized loyalty unto death. Though many of Wang Dun's subordinates acted under duress, none could check his rebellion or flee to safety; by the standards of old, they failed their duty and deserved condemnation. The emperor ultimately adopted Jiao's view.
30
冬，十月，以司徒導為太保、領司徒，加殊禮，西陽王羕領太尉，應詹為江州刺史，劉遐為徐州刺史，代王邃鎮淮陰，蘇峻為歷陽內史，加庾亮護軍將軍，溫嶠前將軍。 導固辭不受。 應詹至江州，吏民未安，詹撫而懷之，莫不悅服。
In winter, the tenth month, Minister Dao was named Grand Tutor while keeping the ministry, with extraordinary honors; Prince Yi of Xiyang took the grand commandantship; Ying Zhan became inspector of Jiangzhou; Liu Xia became inspector of Xuzhou, replacing Wang Sui at Huaiyin; Su Jun was made interior administrator of Liyang; Yu Liang was promoted to protector-general; and Wen Jiao to forward general. Dao repeatedly declined and refused the honor. When Ying Zhan reached Jiangzhou, the officials and populace were still uneasy; he reassured them with kindness until all submitted willingly.
31
十二月，涼州將辛晏據枹罕，不服，張駿將討之。 從事劉慶諫曰：「霸王之師，必須天時、人事相得，然後乃起。 辛晏凶狂安忍，其亡可必； 標何以饑年大舉，盛寒攻城乎！」 駿乃止。 駿遣參軍王騭聘於趙，趙主曜謂之曰：「貴州款誠和好，卿能保之乎？」 騭曰：「不能。」 侍中徐邈曰：「君來結好，而雲不能保，何也？」 騭曰：「齊桓貫澤之盟，憂心兢兢，諸侯不召自至； 葵丘之會，振而矜之，叛者九國。 趙國之化，常如今日，可也； 若政教陵遲，尚未能察邇者之變，況鄙州乎！」 曜曰：「此涼州之君子也，擇使可謂得人矣！」 厚禮而遣之。
In the twelfth month, the Liangzhou general Xin Yan seized Fuhan and refused obedience; Zhang Jun prepared to attack him. Attendant Liu Qing admonished him: "A conquering army requires the right season and popular support alike before it can be dispatched. Xin Yan is brutal and savage—his defeat is inevitable; Why would you, my lord, mount a major campaign in a year of famine and lay siege in the dead of winter!" Zhang Jun desisted. Zhang Jun sent his aide Wang Bi to Zhao on a diplomatic mission. Zhao's ruler Liu Yao asked him, "Your province professes goodwill—can you guarantee it will last?" Wang Bi replied, "No, I cannot." Attendant Xu Miao asked, "You came to make peace, yet say you cannot guarantee it—why?" Wang Bi said, "At Duke Huan of Qi's Guanze covenant, he was anxious and vigilant, and the feudal lords came unbidden; At Kuiqiu he grew arrogant, and nine states turned against him. If Zhao's governance stays as virtuous as it is today, that will suffice; But if your rule falters, you may fail to see trouble even on your doorstep—how much less in our distant province!" Liu Yao said, "This is a true gentleman of Liangzhou—you chose your envoy well!" Liu Yao treated him generously and sent him home.
32
是歲，代王賀辱始親國政，以諸部多未服，乃築城於東木根山，徙居之。
That year, the Dai king Tuoba Helu took personal charge of government; since many tribal groups remained rebellious, he built a city on Mount Dongmugen and moved his capital there.
33
肅宗明皇帝下太寧三年（ 乙酉、公元三二五年）
Under Emperor Ming the Illustrious Ancestor, third year of Taining ( year Yiyou, AD 325)
34
春，二月，張駿承元帝凶問，大臨三日。 會黃龍見嘉泉，汜禕等請改年以章休祥，駿不許。 辛晏以枹罕降，駿復收河南之地。
In spring, the second month, Zhang Jun learned of Emperor Yuan's death and observed three days of full mourning. A yellow dragon was sighted at Jiaquan; Si Yi and others petitioned to change the reign year to mark the auspicious sign, but Zhang Jun refused. Xin Yan surrendered Fuhan, and Zhang Jun regained the territory south of the Yellow River.
35
贈故譙王承、甘卓、戴淵、周顗、虞望、郭璞、王澄等官。 周札故吏為札訟冤，尚書卞壺議，以為：「札守石頭，開門延寇，不當贈謚。」 司徒導以為：「往年之事，敦奸逆未彰，自臣等有識以上，皆所未悟，與札無異； 既悟其奸，札便以身許國，尋取梟夷。 臣謂宜與周、戴同例。」 郗鑒以為：「周、戴死節，周札延寇，事異賞均，何以勸沮！ 如司徒議，謂往年有識以上皆與札無異，則譙王、周、戴皆應受責，何贈謚之有！ 今三臣既褒，則札宜受貶明矣。」 導曰：「札與譙王、周、戴，雖所見有異同，皆人臣之節也。」 鑒曰：「敦之逆謀，履霜日久，緣札開門，令王師不振。 若敦前者之舉，義同桓、文，則先帝可為幽、厲邪！」 然卒用導議，贈札衛尉。
Posthumous offices were conferred on the late Prince Qiao Cheng, Gan Zhuo, Dai Yuan, Zhou Yi, Yu Wang, Guo Pu, Wang Cheng, and others. Former retainers of Zhou Zha petitioned on his behalf; Minister Bian Hu argued that Zhou Zha had held Stone City and opened its gates to the enemy and therefore deserved no posthumous title." Minister Dao countered that "when those events occurred, Dun's treason was not yet apparent; none of us who should have known better saw through him—we were no different from Zhou Zha; Once Dun's treachery was exposed, Zhou Zha gave his life for the realm and was soon put to death. I hold he should receive the same honors as Zhou Yi and Dai Yuan." Xi Jian objected: "Zhou Yi and Dai Yuan died loyal deaths, while Zhou Zha let the enemy in—the cases differ, yet you would reward them alike. How would that encourage virtue or punish betrayal? If, as Minister Dao says, none of us who should have known better differed from Zhou Zha, then Prince Qiao, Zhou Yi, and Dai Yuan should all be condemned—what posthumous honors could they deserve? Since those three have already been honored, Zhou Zha should clearly be marked down instead." Minister Dao replied, "Zhou Zha, Prince Qiao, Zhou Yi, and Dai Yuan acted differently, yet each upheld a minister's duty in his own way." Xi Jian rejoined, "Dun's rebellion had been gathering for years; because Zhou Zha opened the gates, the imperial forces were broken. If Dun's revolt was as righteous as the deeds of Duke Huan or Duke Wen, are we to call the late emperor a tyrant like You or Li of Zhou!" In the end the emperor followed Minister Dao's view and posthumously made Zhou Zha Commandant of the Guard.
36
後趙王勒加宇文乞得歸官爵，使之擊慕容廆。 廆遣世子皝、索頭、段國共擊之，以遼東相裴嶷為右翼，慕容仁為左翼。 乞得歸據澆水以拒皝，遣兄子悉拔雄拒仁。 仁擊悉拔雄，斬之； 乘勝與皝攻乞得歸，大破之。 乞得歸棄軍走，皝、仁進入其國城，使輕兵追乞得歸，過其國三百餘里而還，盡獲其國重器，畜產以百萬計，民之降附者數萬。
Later Zhao's Shi Le restored Qidegui's rank and title and sent him to attack Murong Hui. Murong Hui sent his heir Huans, Suotou, and Duan Guo against him, with Liaodong chancellor Pei Ni commanding the right and Murong Ren the left. Qidegui held the Jiao River against Huans and sent his nephew Xibaxiong to block Murong Ren. Murong Ren struck Xibaxiong and killed him; Then he pressed the advantage with Huans and routed Qidegui. Qidegui fled with his army in disarray. Huans and Ren occupied his capital, sent light cavalry in pursuit more than three hundred li into his territory, and withdrew with every treasure of the realm, livestock numbering in the millions, and tens of thousands of people who submitted.
37
三月，段末柸卒，弟牙立。
In the third month, Duan Moben died, and his younger brother Ya succeeded him.
38
戊辰，立皇子衍為太子，大赦。
On the day Wuchen, Prince Yan was enthroned as crown prince and a general amnesty was declared.
39
趙主曜立皇后劉氏。
Liu Yao of Zhao made Lady Liu his empress.
40
北羌王盆句除附於趙，後趙將石佗自雁門出上郡襲之，俘三千落，獲牛、馬、羊百餘萬而歸。 趙主曜遣中山王岳追之，曜屯於富平，為岳聲援。 岳與石佗戰於河濱，斬之，後趙兵死者六千餘人，岳悉收所虜而歸。
Pen Juchu, king of the Northern Qiang, submitted to Zhao. Later Zhao general Shi Tuo sortied from Yanmen through Shangcommandery, captured three thousand tribes, and returned with more than a million head of cattle, horses, and sheep. Liu Yao sent Prince Yue of Zhongshan in pursuit and encamped at Fuping to support him. Yue fought Shi Tuo on the riverbank, killed him, and slew more than six thousand Later Zhao troops, then recovered all the captives and returned.
41
楊難敵襲仇池，克之，執田崧，立之於前，左右令崧拜。 崧瞋目叱之曰：「氐狗！ 安有天子牧伯而向賊拜乎！」 難敵字謂之曰：「子岱，吾當與子共定大業，子忠於劉氏，豈不能忠於我乎！」 崧厲色大言曰：「賊氐，汝本奴才，何謂大業！ 我寧為趙鬼，不為汝臣！」 顧排一人，奪其劍，前刺難敵，不中，難敵殺之。
Yang Nanadi assaulted Chou Pool and captured it. He seized Tian Song, brought him forward, and ordered his attendants to make him bow. Tian Song glared and shouted, "You Di cur! What imperial inspector would bow to a bandit!" Yang Nanadi addressed him familiarly: "Master Dai, I mean to build a great enterprise with you. You were loyal to the Liu house—why not be loyal to me?" Tian Song answered fiercely: "Bandit of the Di, you were born a slave—what great enterprise! I would rather be a ghost in Zhao than your subject!" He shoved a man aside, snatched his sword, and lunged at Yang Nanadi but missed; Yang Nanadi had him killed.
42
都尉魯潛以許昌叛，降於後趙。
Commandant Lu Qian rebelled at Xuchang and defected to Later Zhao.
43
夏，四月，後趙將石瞻攻兗州刺史檀斌於鄒山，殺之。
In summer, the fourth month, Later Zhao general Shi Zhan attacked Yanzhou inspector Tan Bin at Mount Zou and killed him.
44
後趙西夷中郎將王騰襲殺并州刺史崔琨、上黨內史王慎據并州降趙。
Later Zhao's general of the western barbarians Wang Teng ambushed and killed Bingzhou inspector Cui Kun; Shangdang interior administrator Wang Shen seized Bingzhou and surrendered to Zhao.
45
五月，以陶侃為征西大將軍、都督荊、湘、雍、梁四州諸軍事、荊州刺史，荊州士女相慶。 侃性聰敏恭勤，終日斂膝危坐，軍府眾事，檢攝無遺，未嘗少閒。 常語人曰：「大禹聖人，乃惜寸陰； 至於眾人，當惜分陰，豈可但逸游荒醉！ 生無益於時，死無聞於後，是自棄也！」 諸參佐或以談戲廢事者，命取其酒器、蒲博之具，悉投之於江，將吏則加鞭撲，曰：「樗蒲者，牧豬奴戲耳！ 老、莊浮華，非先王之法言，不益實用。 君子當正其威儀，何有蓬頭跣足，自謂宏達耶！」 有奉饋者，必問其所由，若力作所致，雖微必喜，慰賜參倍； 若非理得之，則切厲訶辱，還其所饋。 嘗出遊，見人持一把未熟稻，侃問：「用此何為？」 人云：「行道所見，聊取之耳。」 侃大怒曰：「汝既不佃，而戲賊人稻！」 執而鞭之。 是以百姓勤於農作，家給人足。 嘗造船，其木屑竹頭，侃皆令籍而掌之，人鹹不解所以。 後正會，積雪始晴，聽事前餘雪猶濕，乃以木屑布地。 及桓溫伐蜀，又以侃所貯竹頭作丁裝船。 其綜理微密，皆此類也。
In the fifth month, Tao Kan was appointed grand general who conquers the west, commander of Jing, Xiang, Yong, and Liang, and inspector of Jingzhou; the people of Jingzhou celebrated together. Tao Kan was quick-witted, respectful, and tireless; he sat upright all day long, overseeing every detail of headquarters business without a moment's rest. He often said, "Yu the Great was a sage, yet he treasured every inch of daylight; As for the rest of us, we should treasure every fraction of an hour—how can we simply idle away our days in pleasure and drunkenness! To live without serving the age and die without leaving a name is to throw one's life away!" When aides neglected their duties for idle chatter or games, he had their wine cups and dice thrown into the river and had officers flogged, saying, "Dice games are the pastime of swineherds! The writings of Laozi and Zhuangzi are elegant but empty—not the authoritative teachings of the ancient kings, and of no practical use. A gentleman should maintain proper bearing—what virtue is there in going disheveled and barefoot and calling oneself broad-minded!" When anyone brought him a gift, he always asked where it came from; if it was earned by hard work, however modest, he was delighted and rewarded the giver several times over; If it was obtained improperly, he scolded the giver harshly and sent the gift back. Once on an inspection tour he saw a man carrying a handful of unripe rice. Tao Kan asked, "What is that for?" The man replied, "I saw it along the road and picked it up on a whim." Tao Kan flew into a rage: "You do not farm, yet you treat another man's rice as a toy!" He had the man seized and flogged. Because of this the people worked hard at farming, and households prospered. When ships were being built, he had every wood shaving and bamboo end collected and stored, to everyone's puzzlement. Later, at a formal assembly after snow had cleared, the ground before the hall was still wet; he spread the wood shavings to dry it. When Huan Wen campaigned against Shu, Tao Kan's hoarded bamboo ends were used as pegs to assemble ships. His meticulous attention to detail showed in countless ways like these.
46
後趙將石生屯洛陽，寇掠河南，司州刺史李矩、穎川太守郭默軍數敗，又乏食，乃遣使附於趙。 趙主曜使中山王岳將兵萬五千人趣孟津，鎮東將軍呼延謨帥荊、司之眾自崤、澠而東，欲會矩、默共攻石生。 岳克孟津、石樑二戍。 斬獲五千餘級，進圍石生於金墉。 後趙中山公虎帥步騎四萬，入自成皋關，與岳戰於洛西。 岳兵敗，中流矢，退保石樑。 虎作塹柵環之，遏絕內外。 岳眾饑甚，殺馬食之。 虎又擊呼延謨，斬之。 曜自將兵救岳，虎帥騎三萬逆戰。 趙前軍將軍劉黑擊虎將石聰於八特阪，大破之。 曜屯於金谷，夜，軍中無故大驚，士卒奔潰，乃退屯澠池。 夜，又驚潰，遂歸長安。 六月，虎拔石樑，禽岳及其將佐八十餘人，氐、羌三千餘人，皆送襄國，坑其士卒九千人。 遂攻王騰於并州，執騰，殺之，坑其士卒七千餘人。 曜還長安，素服郊次，哭，七日乃入城，因憤恚成疾。 郭默復為石聰所敗，棄妻子南奔建康。 李矩將士陰謀叛降後趙，矩不能討，亦帥眾南歸。 眾皆道亡，惟郭誦等百餘人隨之； 卒於魯陽。 矩長史崔宣帥其餘眾二千降於後趙。 於是司、豫、徐、兗之地，率皆入於後趙，以淮為境矣。
Later Zhao general Shi Sheng held Luoyang and raided Henan. Sizhou inspector Li Ju and Yingchuan administrator Guo Mo were repeatedly defeated and ran short of food, so they sent envoys to submit to Zhao. Liu Yao sent Prince Yue of Zhongshan with fifteen thousand men toward Mengjin, while Huyan Mo, general who guards the east, led the armies of Jing and Si east from Xiao and Mian to join Li Ju and Guo Mo in attacking Shi Sheng. Yue captured the garrisons at Mengjin and Shiliang. He killed and captured more than five thousand men, then advanced to besiege Shi Sheng at Jinyong. Later Zhao's Duke of Zhongshan, Shi Hu, led forty thousand foot and horse through Chenggao Pass and fought Yue west of Luoyang. Yue was defeated, wounded by an arrow, and withdrew to Shiliang. Shi Hu built trenches and palisades around the position, cutting it off completely. Yue's troops were starving and slaughtered their horses for food. Shi Hu also attacked Huyan Mo and killed him. Liu Yao marched in person to relieve Yue; Shi Hu met him with thirty thousand cavalry. Zhao forward general Liu Hei attacked Shi Hu's general Shi Cong at Bate Slope and routed him. Liu Yao encamped at Jingu; that night the army panicked without cause and the troops fled in disorder, so he withdrew to Mianchi. That night they panicked and broke again, and he retreated all the way to Chang'an. In the sixth month, Shi Hu took Shiliang, captured Yue and more than eighty of his officers along with more than three thousand Di and Qiang, sent them to Xiangguo, and buried nine thousand soldiers alive. He then attacked Wang Teng in Bingzhou, captured and killed him, and buried more than seven thousand of his soldiers alive. Liu Yao returned to Chang'an, waited outside the city in plain mourning dress, wept for seven days before entering, and fell ill from grief and anger. Guo Mo was defeated again by Shi Cong, abandoned his family, and fled south to Jiankang. Li Ju's men secretly plotted to defect to Later Zhao; unable to punish them, Ju himself led his forces south in retreat. Most of his followers deserted along the way; only Guo Song and a little over a hundred men stayed with him; He died at Luyang. Cui Xuan, Ju's chief administrator, surrendered the remaining two thousand troops to Later Zhao. After this, the regions of Si, Yu, Xu, and Yan largely fell to Later Zhao, which now took the Huai as its frontier.
47
趙主曜以永安王胤為大司馬、大單于，徙封南陽王，置單于台於渭城，其左、右賢王以下，皆以胡、羯、鮮卑、氐、羌豪桀為之。
Liu Yao of Zhao made Prince Yin of Yong'an Grand Marshal and Grand Chanyu, re-enfeoffed him as Prince of Nanyang, set up a Chanyu headquarters at Weicheng, and assigned the Left and Right Worthy Kings and all lower posts to leading figures among the Hu, Jie, Xianbei, Di, and Qiang.
48
秋，七月，辛未，以尚書令郗鑒為車騎將軍、都督徐、兗、青三州諸軍事、兗州刺史，鎮廣陵。
In autumn, the seventh month, on xinwei day, Xi Jian was appointed General of Chariots and Cavalry, commander of Xu, Yan, and Qing, inspector of Yan, and posted at Guangling.
49
閏月，以尚書左僕射荀松為光祿大夫、錄尚書事，尚書鄧攸為左僕射。
In the intercalary month, Xun Song, left vice director of the Masters of Writing, was promoted to Grand Master of the Palace with oversight of the secretariat, and Deng You became left vice director.
50
右衛將軍虞胤，元敬皇后之弟也，與左衛將軍南頓王宗俱為帝所親任，典禁兵，直殿內，多聚勇士以為羽翼； 王導、庾亮皆忌之，頗以為言，帝待之愈厚，宮門管鑰，皆以委之。 帝寢疾，亮夜有所表，從宗求鑰； 宗不與，叱亮使曰：「此汝家門戶邪！」 亮益忿之。 及帝疾篤，不欲見人，群臣無得進者。 亮疑宗、胤及宗兄西陽王羕有異謀，排闥入升御床，見帝流涕，言羕與宗等謀廢大臣，自求輔政，請黜之； 帝不納。 壬午，帝引太宰羕、司徒導、尚書令卞壺、車騎將軍郗鑒、護軍將軍庾亮、領軍將軍陸曄、丹楊尹溫嶠，並受遺詔輔太子，更入殿將兵直宿； 復拜壺右將軍，亮中書令，曄錄尚書事。 丁亥，降遺詔。 戊子，帝崩。 帝明敏有機斷，故能以弱制強，誅剪逆臣，克復大業。
Yu Yin, Right Guard General and younger brother of Empress Yuanjing, and Zong, Prince of Nandun and Left Guard General, were both favorites of the emperor; they commanded the palace guard, stood watch within the inner halls, and surrounded themselves with fighting men as a power base; Wang Dao and Yu Liang both distrusted them and said as much, yet the emperor treated them even more warmly and put every palace gate key in their hands. When the emperor fell ill in bed, Liang needed to deliver a memorial at night and asked Zong for the keys; Zong refused and shouted at Liang's envoy: "Do you think this is your family's front door!" Liang's anger only deepened. As the emperor's illness turned critical, he refused to receive visitors, and no minister was admitted. Liang suspected Zong, Yin, and Zong's elder brother Yang, Prince of Xiyang, of plotting treachery; he burst in, climbed onto the imperial bed, wept before the emperor, and charged that Yang and Zong intended to oust the chief ministers so he could rule in their place, urging their removal; The emperor would not hear of it. On renwu day, the emperor called in Grand Preceptor Yang, Minister of Education Dao, Director Bian Hu, General Xi Jian, Protector-General Yu Liang, Army Commander Lu Ye, and Danyang Governor Wen Qiao to receive the testamentary edict to support the crown prince; they then re-entered the hall to take command of the guard overnight; Bian Hu was reappointed Right General, Liang was made Director of the Palace Writers, and Ye was given charge of the secretariat. On dinghai day, the testamentary edict was promulgated. On wuzi day, the emperor passed away. Clear-eyed and decisive, the emperor had used a weakened throne to master stronger foes, cut down traitors, and restore the dynastic cause.
51
己丑，太子即皇帝位，生五年矣。 君臣進璽，司徒導以疾不至。 卞壺正色於朝曰：「王公豈社稷之臣邪！ 大行在殯，嗣皇未立，寧是人臣辭疾之時也！」 導聞之，輿疾而至。 大赦，增文武位二等，尊庾後為皇太后。
On jichou day, the crown prince ascended the throne; he was only five years old. When the court presented the imperial seal, Minister of Education Dao pleaded illness and stayed away. Bian Hu said sternly at court: "Is the Duke truly a servant of the state! The late emperor still lies in state, the new sovereign not yet enthroned—is this really the moment for a minister to stay home sick!" On hearing this, Dao came to court in a sick carriage. The court proclaimed a general amnesty, promoted civil and military officials two ranks, and elevated Empress Yu to empress dowager.
52
群臣以帝幼沖，奏請太后依漢和熹皇后故事； 太后辭讓數四，乃從之。 秋，九月，癸卯，太后臨朝稱制。 以司徒導錄尚書事，與中書令庾亮、尚書令卞壺參輔朝政，然事之大要皆決於亮。 加郗鑒車騎大將軍，陸曄左光祿大夫，皆開府儀同三司。 以南頓王宗為驃騎將軍，虞胤為大宗正。
Because the emperor was still a child, the ministers petitioned that the empress dowager should rule as Empress He and Empress Xi had done under the Han; The empress dowager refused four times before at last consenting. In autumn, the ninth month, on guimao day, the empress dowager took the throne and ruled in her own name. Minister of Education Dao was given charge of the secretariat, alongside Palace Writer Yu Liang and Director Bian Hu to help govern, but every major decision fell to Liang. Xi Jian was promoted to Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, Lu Ye to Left Grand Master of the Palace, and both received offices with honors equal to the Three Excellencies. Zong, Prince of Nandun, was made General of Agile Cavalry, and Yu Yin was appointed Grand Director of the Imperial Clan.
53
尚書召樂廣子謨為郡中正，庾鈱族人怡為廷尉評，謨、怡各稱父命不就。 卞壺奏曰：「人無非父而生，職無非事而立，有父必有命，居職必有悔。 有家各私其子，則為王者無民，君臣之道廢矣。 樂廣、庾鈱受寵聖世，身非己有，況及後嗣而可專哉！ 所居之職，若順夫群心，則戰戍者之父母皆當命子以不處也。」 謨、怡不得已，各就職。
The Masters of Writing summoned Yue Mo, son of Yue Guang, as district chief rectifier and Yi, a clansman of Yu Qian, as judicial reviewer; both cited their fathers' wishes and declined. Bian Hu submitted a memorial: "No one is born without a father, and no post exists without duties to fulfill; fathers give orders, and office carries obligations. If every household could favor its own sons, the ruler would have no subjects and the bond between lord and minister would collapse. Yue Guang and Yu Qian owed their positions to imperial favor—their very persons were not their own; how much less could they dispose of their sons as they pleased! By that logic, every parent of a soldier on campaign could order a son not to serve." Reluctantly, Mo and Yi each accepted their posts.
54
辛丑，葬明帝於武平陵。
On xinchou day, Emperor Ming was interred at Wuping Tomb.
55
冬，十一月，癸巳朔，日有食之。
In winter, the eleventh month, on the new moon of guisi day, there was an eclipse of the sun.
56
慕容廆與段氏方睦，為段牙謀，使之徙都； 牙從之，即去令支，國人不樂。 段疾陸眷之孫遼欲奪其位，以徙都為牙罪，十二月，帥國人攻牙，殺之，自立。 段氏自務勿塵以來，日益強盛，其地西接漁陽，東界遼水，所統胡、晉三萬餘戶，控弦四五萬騎。
Murong Hui was then on good terms with the Duan clan and persuaded Duan Ya to relocate his capital; Ya agreed, abandoned Lingzhi at once, and his subjects were unhappy with the move. Duan Liaow, grandson of Duan Jilujuan, sought to take his place; citing the capital move as Ya's offense, in the twelfth month he rallied the nation against Ya, killed him, and proclaimed himself ruler. From Wuwuchen's day the Duan had grown steadily stronger; their lands stretched from Yuyang in the west to the Liao River in the east, they ruled more than thirty thousand Hu and Han households, and could field forty to fifty thousand mounted archers.
57
荊州刺史陶侃以寧州刺史王堅不能禦寇，是歲，表零陵太守南陽尹奉為寧州刺史以代之。 先是，王遜在寧州，蠻酋梁水太守爨量、益州太守李逖，皆叛附於成。 遜討之不能克。 奉至州，重募徼外夷刺爨量，殺之，諭降李逖，州境遂安。
Tao Kan, governor of Jing, finding Ning inspector Wang Jian unable to hold off the invaders, that year recommended Yin Feng of Nanyang, administrator of Lingling, to replace him as inspector of Ning. Earlier, while Wang Xun governed Ning, the tribal leader Cuan Liang, administrator of Liangshui, and Li Ti, administrator of Yizhou, had both rebelled and joined Cheng. Xun fought them but could not prevail. When Feng took office, he hired frontier tribesmen to ambush and kill Cuan Liang, persuaded Li Ti to submit, and the province was soon quiet again.
58
代王賀辱卒，弟紇那立。
He Ruchou, king of Dai, died, and his younger brother Henade succeeded him.
59
肅宗明皇帝下鹹和元年（ 丙戌，公元三二六年）
Reign of Emperor Ming, Xianhe, year 1 ( bingxu, corresponding to 326 CE)
60
春，二月，大赦，改元。
In spring, the second month, the court proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the reign title.
61
趙以汝南五鹹為太尉、錄尚書事，光祿太夫劉綏為大司徒，卜泰為大司空。 劉後疾病，趙主曜問所欲言，劉氏泣曰：「妾幼鞠於叔父昶，願陛下貴之。 叔父皚之女芳有德色，願以備後宮。」 言終而卒。 曜以昶為侍中、大司徒、錄尚書事，立芳為皇后； 尋又以昶為太保。
Later Zhao made Runan Prince Wang Xian Grand Commandant with charge of the secretariat, Liu Sui Grand Minister of Education, and Bu Tai Grand Minister of Works. Empress Liu fell ill; when Liu Yao asked her final wishes, she wept and said: "My uncle Chang raised me from childhood; I beg Your Majesty to elevate him. My uncle Gao's daughter Fang is virtuous and beautiful; I ask that she join the inner palace." She died as soon as she had spoken. Yao made Chang a palace attendant and Grand Minister of Education with charge of the secretariat, and made Fang empress; Before long he also appointed Chang Grand Tutor.
62
三月，後趙主勒夜微行檢察諸營衛，繼金帛以賂門者，求出。 永昌門候王假欲收捕之，從者至，乃止。 旦，召假，以為振忠都尉，爵關內侯。 勒召記室參軍徐光，光醉不至，黜為牙門。 光侍直，有慍色，勒怒，並其妻子囚之。
In the third month, Later Zhao ruler Shi Le went out at night in disguise to inspect the camps and guards; he then offered gold and silk to the gatekeepers, trying to get out. Wang Jia, guard of Yongchang Gate, moved to arrest him, but stopped when Le's attendants arrived. At daybreak he summoned Jia, made him Commandant of Inspiring Loyalty, and enfeoffed him as a marquis within the passes. Le summoned his recorder Xu Guang, but Guang came drunk and was demoted to gate duty. When Guang reported for duty looking sullen, Le flew into a rage and imprisoned him along with his wife and children.
63
夏，四月，後趙將石生寇汝南，執內史祖濟。
In summer, the fourth month, Later Zhao general Shi Sheng attacked Runan and captured interior minister Zu Ji.
64
六月，癸亥，泉陵公劉遐卒。 癸酉，以車騎大將軍郗鑒領徐州刺史； 征虜將軍郭默為北中郎將、監淮北諸軍事，領遐部曲。 遐子肇尚幼，遐妹夫田防及故將史迭等不樂他屬，共以肇襲遐故位而叛。 臨淮太守劉矯掩襲遐營，斬防等。 遐妻，邵續女也，驍果有父風。 遐嘗為後趙所圍，妻單將數騎，拔遐出於萬眾之中。 及田防等欲作亂，遐妻止之，不從，乃密起火，燒甲仗都盡，故防等卒敗。 詔以肇襲遐爵。
In the sixth month, on guihai day, Duke Liu Xia of Quanling died. On guiyou day, Grand General Xi Jian was appointed acting inspector of Xuzhou; Guo Mo, General Who Conquers the Barbarians, was made North Central Commandant to oversee the Huai-north command and take over Xia's forces. Xia's son Zhao was still a child; Tian Fang, Xia's brother-in-law, and former officers including Shi Die, unwilling to serve a new commander, installed Zhao in his father's post and rose in revolt. Liu Jiao, administrator of Linhuai, struck Xia's camp by surprise and killed Fang and his accomplices. Xia's wife was Shao Xu's daughter—fierce and resolute, with her father's fighting spirit. When Later Zhao once besieged Xia, his wife rode out alone with a handful of men and pulled him from the midst of ten thousand foes. When Tian Fang and his allies plotted rebellion, Xia's wife tried to stop them; when they refused, she secretly set a fire that destroyed all their arms and armor, and Fang's plot collapsed. The court ordered Zhao to inherit Xia's title.
65
司徒導稱疾不朝，而私送郗鑒。 卞壺奏「導虧法從私，無大臣之節，請免官。」 雖事寢不行，舉朝憚之。 壺儉素廉絜，裁斷切直，當官干實，性不弘裕，不肯苟同時好，故為諸名士所少。 阮孚謂之曰：「卿常無閒泰，如含瓦石，不亦勞乎！」 壺曰：「諸君子以道德恢弘，風流相尚，執鄙吝者，非壺而誰！」 時貴遊子弟多慕王澄、謝鯤為放達，壺厲色於朝曰：「悖禮傷教，罪莫大焉； 中朝傾覆，實由於此。」 欲奏推之，王導、庾亮不聽，乃止。
Minister of Education Dao stayed away from court claiming illness, yet went privately to bid Xi Jian farewell. Bian Hu memorialized that "Dao has broken the law for private reasons and shown none of a great minister's dignity; he should be removed from office." Though the proposal went nowhere, the entire court stood in awe of him. Bian Hu lived plainly and judged sharply; he was practical in office, uncompromising by nature, and unwilling to pander to fashion—so the leading gentlemen looked on him with little favor. Ruan Fu told him: "You never seem at ease, as though you were chewing gravel—isn't that exhausting!" Bian Hu replied: "You gentlemen enlarge virtue and compete in refinement—if anyone is petty and stingy, who else but me!" Many young nobles then admired Wang Cheng and Xie Kun for their libertine ways; Bian Hu said sternly at court: "Defying propriety and corrupting morals is the greatest of crimes; The fall of the central court came from just such conduct." He wanted to impeach them, but Wang Dao and Yu Liang refused to act, and he let the matter drop.
66
成人討越巂斯叟，破之。
Cheng attacked the Sisou tribe in Yuexi and broke them.
67
秋，七月，癸丑，觀陽烈侯應詹卒。
In autumn, the seventh month, on guichou day, Marquis Ying Zhan of Guanyang died.
68
初，王導輔政，以寬和得眾。 及庾亮用事，任法裁物，頗失人心。 豫州刺史祖約，自以輩不後郗、卞，而不豫顧命，又望開府復不得，及諸表請多不見許，遂懷怨望。 及遺詔褒進大臣，又不及約與陶侃，二人皆疑庾亮刪之。 歷陽內史蘇峻，有功於國，威望漸著，有銳卒萬人，器械甚精，朝廷以江外寄之； 而峻頗懷驕溢，有輕朝廷之志，招納亡命，眾力日多，皆仰食縣官，運漕相屬，稍不如意，輒肆忿言。 亮既疑峻、約，又畏侃之得眾，八月，以丹楊尹溫嶠為都督江州諸軍事、江州刺史，鎮武昌； 尚書僕射王舒為會稽內史，以廣聲援； 又修石頭以備之。
At first, under Wang Dao's regency, his lenient and conciliatory manner won broad support. Once Yu Liang took control, his strict reliance on law alienated many. Zu Yue, governor of Yu, felt his standing matched Xi Jian's and Bian Hu's, yet he was left out of the deathbed regents; he also sought an independent headquarters in vain, and many of his petitions went unanswered—so bitterness took root. When the testament omitted praise for Yue and Tao Kan along with the other ministers, both suspected Yu Liang had struck their names from the edict. Su Jun of Liyang had served the dynasty well; his reputation and power grew, he commanded ten thousand elite troops with excellent arms, and the court relied on him to hold the lower Yangzi; yet Jun grew arrogant, began to scorn the court, took in fugitives, and swelled his ranks—all on the public payroll, with supply convoys unending—and grumbled loudly whenever anything displeased him. Liang distrusted both Jun and Yue and feared Tao Kan's popularity; in the eighth month he posted Wen Qiao as commander of Jiangzhou from Wuchang; and made Wang Shu, vice director of the Masters of Writing, interior minister of Kuaiji to extend support nearer the capital; He also fortified Shitou as a precaution.
69
丹楊尹阮孚以太后臨朝，政出舅族，謂所親曰：「今江東創業尚淺，主幼時艱，庾亮年少，德信未孚，以吾觀之，亂將作矣。」 遂求出為廣州刺史。 孚，鹹之子也。
Danyang governor Ruan Fu, seeing the empress dowager in power and the government in the hands of her clan, told his confidants: "The eastern realm is still young, the emperor a child in troubled times, and Yu Liang too young to command trust—in my view, rebellion is coming." He then asked to be posted away as governor of Guang. Ruan Fu was the son of Ruan Xian.
70
冬，十月，立帝母弟岳為吳王。
In winter, the tenth month, the emperor's own younger brother Yue was made Prince of Wu.
71
南頓王宗自以失職怨望，又素與蘇峻善，庾亮欲誅之，宗亦欲廢執政。 御史中丞鐘雅劾宗謀反，亮使右衛將軍趙胤收之。 宗以兵拒戰，為胤所殺，貶其族為馬氏，三子綽、超、演皆廢為庶人。 免太宰西陽王羕，降封弋陽縣王，大宗正虞胤左遷桂陽太守。 宗，宗室近屬； 羕，先帝保傅。 亮一旦剪黜，由是失遠近之心。 宗黨卞闡亡奔蘇峻，亮符峻送闡，峻保匿不與。 宗之死也，帝不之知，久之，帝問亮曰：「常日白頭公何在？」 亮對以謀反伏誅。 帝泣曰：「舅言人作賊，便殺之； 人言舅作賊，當如何！」 亮懼，變色。
Zong, Prince of Nandun, bitter over his loss of office and long friendly with Su Jun, was marked for death by Yu Liang; Zong in turn plotted to oust the regents. Censor Zhong Ya charged Zong with treason, and Liang dispatched Right Guard General Zhao Yin to arrest him. Zong took up arms and was slain by Zhao Yin; his house was stripped of its imperial surname and renamed Ma, and his three sons Chuo, Chao, and Yan were reduced to commoners. Yang, Prince of Xiyang and Grand Preceptor, was dismissed and demoted to Prince of Yiyang County; Yu Yin, chief of the imperial clan, was relegated to governor of Guiyang. Zong was a near relative of the throne; Yang had been tutor and guardian to the late emperor. Liang's sudden purge cost him the loyalty of court and country alike. Zong's follower Bian Chan fled to Su Jun; Liang ordered Jun to hand him over, but Jun hid him and refused. The emperor knew nothing of Zong's death; long afterward he asked Liang, "Where is the old white-haired gentleman I used to see?" Liang replied that Zong had been put to death for treason. The emperor wept and said, "Uncle, when you call a man a thief, you kill him; but if people call you the thief—what then!" Liang turned pale with fear.
72
趙將黃秀等寇酇，順陽太守魏該帥眾奔襄陽。
Zhao generals including Huang Xiu raided Zan; Wei Gai, governor of Shunyang, fled with his troops to Xiangyang.
73
後趙王勒用程遐之謀，營鄴宮，使世子弘鎮鄴，配禁兵萬人，車騎所統五十四營悉配之，以驍騎將軍領門臣祭酒王陽專統六夷以輔之。 中山公虎自以功多，無去鄴之意，及修三台，遷其家室，虎由是怨程遐。
Later Zhao's King Le followed Cheng Xia's advice: he built a palace at Ye, posted the heir Hong there with ten thousand elite guards and all fifty-four camps formerly under the Chariots and Cavalry, and set Wang Yang, Flying Cavalry General and chief of the gate corps, to lead the Six Barbarian contingents in support. Duke Hu of Zhongshan, proud of his achievements, refused to leave Ye; when the Three Terraces were rebuilt and his family was relocated, he came to hate Cheng Xia.
74
十一月，後趙石聰攻壽春，祖約屢表請救，朝廷不為出兵。 聰遂進寇逡遒、阜陵，殺掠五千餘人。 建康大震，詔加司徒導大司馬、假黃鉞、都督中外諸軍事以御之，軍於江寧。 蘇峻遣其將韓晃擊石聰，走之，導解大司馬。 朝議又欲作塗塘以遏胡寇，祖約曰：「是棄我也！」 益懷憤恚。
In the eleventh month Shi Cong of Later Zhao besieged Shouchun; Zu Yue pleaded repeatedly for relief, but the court sent no army. Cong pushed on to ravage Xunqu and Fuling, killing and looting more than five thousand people. Panic seized Jiankang; Dao was made Grand Marshal with the yellow axe and supreme command, and camped at Jiangning to meet the threat. Su Jun dispatched Han Huang, who routed Shi Cong; Dao then relinquished the grand marshal's seal. The court then debated building an earthen barrier against the northern raids; Zu Yue cried, "You mean to cast me off!" His anger hardened.
75
十二月，濟岷太守劉闓等殺下邳內史夏侯嘉，以下邳叛，降於後趙。 石瞻攻河南太守王瞻於邾，拔之。 彭城內史劉續復據蘭陵石城，石瞻攻拔之。
In the twelfth month Liu Kan, governor of Jimin, and others killed Xia Houjia, interior minister of Xiapi, rebelled with the city, and submitted to Later Zhao. Shi Zhan stormed Zhu, where Wang Zhan governed Henan, and captured the city. Liu Xu of Pengcheng reoccupied Shicheng in Lanling; Shi Zhan took it by assault.
76
後趙王勒以牙門將王波為記室參軍，典定九流，始立秀、孝試經之制。
King Le of Later Zhao appointed gate officer Wang Bo recorder and adjutant to classify candidates and institute examinations in the classics for Xiucai and Xiaolian recruits.
77
張竣畏趙人之逼，是歲，徙隴西、南安民二千餘家於姑臧，又遣修好於成，以書勸成主雄去尊號，稱籓於晉。 雄復書曰：「吾過為士大夫所推，然本無心於帝王，思為晉室元功之臣，掃除氛埃； 而晉室陵遲，德聲不振，引領東望，有年月矣。 會獲來貺，情在暗至，有何已已。」 自是聘使相繼。
Fearful of Zhao pressure, Zhang Jun that year relocated over two thousand families from Longxi and Nan'an to Guzang and opened talks with Cheng, urging Li Xiong to drop his imperial style and acknowledge Jin as overlord. Xiong answered: "The gentry pressed this crown on me, but I never coveted the throne; I meant to serve Jin as a founding pillar and clear the land of chaos; yet Jin itself has waned and its authority faded; I have yearned eastward toward the capital for years. Your envoy's arrival felt like answered longing from afar—I welcome it without reserve." Envoys thereafter shuttled between the two realms.
78
肅宗明皇帝下鹹和二年（ 丁亥，公元三二七年）
Under the chronicle of Emperor Ming, the Illustrious Ancestor—the second year of Xianhe ( Dinghai, corresponding to 327 CE)
79
春，正月，朱提太守楊術與成將羅恆戰於台登，兵敗，術死。
In spring, the first month, Yang Shu of Zhuti fought Luo Heng of Cheng at Taideng, was defeated, and was killed.
80
夏五月，甲申朔，日有食之。
In the fifth month of summer, on the new moon of Jiashen, there was a solar eclipse.
81
趙武衛將軍劉朗帥騎三萬襲楊難敵於仇池，弗克，掠三千餘戶而歸。
Liu Lang, Military Guard general of Zhao, led thirty thousand horse against Yang Nanqi at Chouchi, failed to take him, carried off more than three thousand households, and withdrew.
82
張竣聞趙兵為後趙所敗，乃去趙官爵，復稱晉大將軍、涼州牧，遣武威太守竇濤、金城太守張閬、武興太守辛巖、揚烈將軍宋輯等帥眾數萬，東會韓璞，攻掠趙秦州諸郡。 趙南陽王胤將兵擊之，屯狄道。 枹罕護軍辛晏告急。 秋，駿使韓璞、辛巖救之。 璞進度沃干嶺。 巖欲速戰，璞曰：「夏末以來，日星數有變，不可輕動。 且曜與石勒相攻，胤必不能久與我相守也。」 與胤夾洮相持七十餘日。 冬，十月，璞遣辛巖督運於金城，胤聞之，曰：「韓璞之眾，十倍於吾。 吾糧不多，難以持久。 今虜分兵運糧，天授我也。 若敗辛巖，璞等自潰」。 乃帥騎三千襲巖於沃干嶺，敗之，遂前逼璞營，璞眾大潰。 胤乘勝追奔，濟河，攻拔令居，斬首二萬級，進據振武，河西大駭。 張閬、辛晏帥其眾數萬降趙，駿遂失河南之地。
Learning that Zhao's armies had been beaten by Later Zhao, Zhang Jun renounced Zhao honors, resumed the titles Grand General and Governor of Liangzhou under Jin, and sent Dou Tao of Wuwei, Zhang Lang of Jincheng, Xin Yan of Wuxing, Yanglie General Song Ji, and others east with tens of thousands of men to join Han Pu in raiding Qinzhou under Zhao. Liu Yin, Prince of Nanyang under Zhao, marched against them and camped at Didao. Xin Yan, Protector-General of Fuhan, sent an urgent plea for help. That autumn Jun dispatched Han Pu and Xin Yan to relieve him. Pu crossed the Wogan Ridge and pressed forward. Yan urged an immediate fight; Pu said, "Since late summer sun and stars have shown bad omens—we must not move rashly. Besides, with Liu Yao and Shi Le at each other's throats, Yin cannot keep this standoff long." They faced Yin across the Tao for over seventy days. In the tenth month of winter Pu sent Xin Yan to oversee supplies at Jincheng; Yin heard and said, "Han Pu outnumbers us ten to one. Our stores are thin and we cannot hold out. Now they have split their army to haul grain—Heaven has handed me the chance. Crush Xin Yan, and Pu's host will fall apart by itself." He led three thousand cavalry against Yan at Wogan Ridge, routed him, then drove on Pu's camp until Pu's army broke completely. Yin pursued the rout, crossed the river, took Lingju, took twenty thousand heads, seized Zhenwu, and terror spread across Hexi. Zhang Lang and Xin Yan surrendered with tens of thousands of men; Jun lost all of Henan west of the Yellow River.
83
庾亮以蘇峻在歷陽，終為禍亂，欲下詔征之，訪於司徒導。 導曰：「峻猜險，必不奉詔，不若且苞容之。」 亮言於朝曰：「峻狼子野心，終必為亂。 今日征之，縱不順命，為禍猶淺； 若復經年，不可複製，猶七國之於漢也。」 朝臣無敢難者，獨光祿大夫卞壺爭之曰：「峻擁強兵，逼近京邑，路不終朝。 一旦有變，易為蹉跌，宜深思之！」 亮不從。 壺知必敗，與溫嶠書曰：「元規召峻意定，此國之大事。 峻已出狂意，而召之，是更速其禍也，必縱毒蜇以向朝廷。 朝廷威雖盛，不知果可擒不； 王公亦同此情。 吾與之爭甚懇切，不能如之何。 本出足下以為外援，而今更恨足下在外，不得相與共諫止之，或當相從耳。」 嶠亦累書止亮。 舉朝以為不可，亮皆不聽。
Yu Liang feared Su Jun at Liyang would yet bring calamity and planned to summon him by imperial edict; he sought Wang Dao's counsel. Dao said, "Jun is treacherous and will refuse the summons—you would do better to tolerate him for now." Liang told the court, "Jun has the heart of a wolf cub and will rebel in the end. If we act now, even disobedience would do less harm than waiting; delay another year and he will be unmanageable, like the seven princes against Han Wudi." No one gainsaid him except Bian Hu, Household Counsellor, who protested: "Jun commands a strong army within a morning's march of the capital. At the first crisis we may stumble beyond recovery—think hard before you move!" Liang would not listen. Hu saw disaster coming and wrote Wen Qiao: "Yuankui is set on summoning Jun—a matter of national life or death. Jun already shows reckless defiance; calling him in will only hasten catastrophe and turn his venom on the court. The court looks strong, but whether Jun can really be taken is far from certain; Duke Wang feels the same. I argued with all my force and could not sway him. I counted on you abroad as our ally; now I bitterly regret that you are away and cannot help me stop this—I may yet have to join you in exile." Qiao wrote again and again urging Liang to desist. The entire court opposed the plan; Liang ignored them all.
84
峻聞之，遣司馬何仍詣亮曰：「討賊外任，遠近惟命，至於內輔，實非所堪。」 亮不許，召北中郎將郭默為後將軍、領屯騎校尉，司徒右長史庾冰為吳國內史，皆將兵以備峻。 冰，亮之弟也。 於是下優詔，征峻為大司農，加散騎常侍，位特進，以弟逸代領部曲。 峻上表曰：「昔明皇帝親執臣手，使臣北討胡寇。 今中原未靖，臣何敢即安！ 乞補青州界一荒郡，以展鷹犬之用。」 復不許。 峻嚴裝將赴召，猶豫未決。 參軍任讓謂峻曰：「將軍求處荒郡而不見許，事勢如此，恐無生路，不如勒兵自守。」 阜陵令匡術亦勸峻反，峻遂不應命。
Jun sent his marshal He Reng to Liang with a message: "Give me an outer command against the enemy and I obey; put me at court and I am unfit." Liang refused, posted Guo Mo as Rear General and Colonel of the Garrison Cavalry, and Yu Bing as interior minister of Wu, each with troops to block Jun. Bing was Yu Liang's younger brother. A flattering edict then summoned Jun to the post of Minister of the Imperial Granary with the rank of Special Advance, replacing him with his brother Yi over his personal troops. Jun memorialized: "Emperor Ming once took my hand in his and sent me north against the barbarians. The heartland is still unrestored—how dare I lay down my arms! Grant me some forgotten county on Qingzhou's frontier, where I may still serve as your hound." Again refused. Jun packed for the capital but lingered, unable to decide. His adjutant Ren Rang said, "You asked for a backwater post and were denied; in this fix there may be no survival except to muster your men and stand your ground." Fuling magistrate Kuang Shu urged rebellion too, and Jun defied the summons.
85
溫嶠聞之，即欲帥眾下衛建康，三吳亦欲起義兵； 亮並不聽，而報嶠書曰：「吾憂西陲，過於歷陽，足下無過雷池一步也。」 朝廷遣使諭峻，峻曰：「台下雲我欲反，豈得活邪！ 我寧山頭望廷尉，不能廷尉望山頭。 往者國家危如累卵，非我不濟； 狡兔既死，獵犬宜烹。 但當死報造謀者耳！」
Wen Qiao wanted to march his army to defend Jiankang; the Three Wu regions prepared to rise as well; Liang forbade both and wrote Qiao: "The western frontier troubles me more than Liyang—do not cross Leichi by a single step." The court sent envoys; Jun replied, "The court already calls me a rebel—how could I survive if I obey! I would rather face trial from my hilltop than mount the scaffold under their gaze. When the realm hung by a thread, none but I saved it; once the rabbit is caught, the hound goes into the pot. I can only repay the plotters with my death—or theirs!"1
86
峻知祖約怨朝廷，乃遣參軍徐會推崇約，請共討庾亮。 約大喜，其從子智、衍並勸成之。 譙國內史桓宣謂智曰：「本以強胡未滅，將戮力討之。 使君若欲為雄霸，何不助國討峻，則威名自舉。 今乃與峻俱反，此安得久乎！」 智不從。 宣詣約請見，約知其欲諫，拒而不內。 宣遂絕約，不與之同。 十一月，約遣兄子沛內史渙、女婿淮南太守許柳以兵會峻。 逖妻，柳之姊也，固諫，不從。 詔復以卞壺為尚書令、領右衛將軍，以會稽內史王舒行揚州刺史事，吳興太守虞潭督三吳等諸郡軍事。
Knowing Zu Yue's grudge against the court, Jun sent Xu Hui to flatter him and propose a joint strike on Yu Liang. Yue was delighted; his nephews Zhi and Yan both urged him to agree. Huan Xuan, interior minister of Qiao, told Zhi, "We were supposed to unite against the barbarians while they still threatened us. If you seek greatness, help the court crush Jun and your fame will rise of itself. Join Jun in rebellion and how long can that endure!" Zhi refused. Xuan sought an audience with Yue; Yue guessed his purpose and shut him out. Xuan broke with Yue and would have no part of the plot. In the eleventh month Yue sent his nephew Huan, interior minister of Pei, and his son-in-law Xu Liu, governor of Huainan, with troops to join Jun. Zu Ti's widow, Xu Liu's elder sister, pleaded against it in vain. The court restored Bian Hu as Director of the Masters of Writing and Right Guard commander, put Wang Shu of Kuaiji in charge of Yangzhou, and made Yu Tan of Wuxing overseer of the Three Wu armies.
87
尚書左丞孔坦、司徒司馬丹楊陶回言於王導，請「及峻未至，急斷阜陵，守江西當利諸口，彼少我眾，一戰決矣。 若峻未來，可往逼其城。 今不先往，峻必先至，峻至則人心危駭，難與戰矣。 此時不可失也。」 導然之，庾亮不從。 十二月，辛亥，蘇峻使其將韓晃、張健等襲陷姑孰，取鹽米，亮方悔之。
Kong Tan, left assistant director of the Masters of Writing, and Tao Hui, steward of Danyang and marshal to the Minister over the Masses, urged Wang Dao: "Before Jun arrives, seal off Fuling and hold the Yangzi crossings at Dangli—their numbers are few and ours many; one battle will settle it. If he has not marched yet, advance and threaten his base. Wait, and Jun reaches us first; once he does, panic will break morale and the fight will be lost. The moment must not be wasted." Dao agreed; Yu Liang again refused. In the twelfth month, on the day Xinhai, Su Jun sent his generals Han Huang and Zhang Jian to storm Gudu and seize its salt and grain; Yu Liang finally regretted what he had done.
88
壬子，彭城王雄、章武王休叛奔峻。 雄，釋之子也。
On the day Renzi, Prince Xiong of Pengcheng and Prince Xiu of Zhangwu defected and fled to Su Jun. Xiong was a son of Shi.
89
庚申，京師戒嚴，假庾亮節，都督征討諸軍事； 以左衛將軍趙胤為歷陽太守，使左將軍司馬流將兵據慈湖以拒峻。 以前射聲校尉劉超為左衛將軍，侍中褚翜典征討軍事。 亮使弟翼以白衣領數百人備石頭。
On the day Gengshen the capital was placed under martial law; Yu Liang was granted the staff of authority and placed in command of all forces for the punitive campaign; General of the Left Guard Zhao Yin was appointed administrator of Liyang, and Major Sima Liu of the Left General was sent to hold Cihu against Su Jun. Former Commandant of the Archers Liu Chao was made general of the left guard, and Palace Attendant Chu Xu took charge of the campaign's military affairs. Liang had his younger brother Yi, wearing plain clothes, lead several hundred men to defend Stone City.
90
丙寅，徙琅邪王昱為會稽王，吳王岳為琅邪王。
On the day Bingyin, Prince Yu of Langya was reassigned as Prince of Kuaiji, and Prince Yue of Wu was made Prince of Langya.
91
宣城內史桓彝欲起兵以赴朝廷，其長史裨惠以郡兵寡弱，山民易擾，謂宜且按甲以待之。 彝厲色曰：「『見無禮於其君者，若鷹鸇之逐鳥雀。』 今社稷危逼，義無宴安。」 辛未，彝進屯蕪湖。 韓晃擊破之，因進攻宣城，彝退保廣德，晃大掠諸縣而還。 徐州刺史郗鑒欲帥所領赴難，詔以北寇，不許。
Huan Yi, interior minister of Xuancheng, wished to raise troops to march to the court's aid; his chief clerk Bi Hui argued that the commandery's forces were too few and the hill tribes too easily provoked, and urged that they hold their troops in check for the time being. Yi said sternly, "'When one sees a man show disrespect to his lord, it is like a hawk pursuing sparrows. The altars of state are in peril—there is no excuse for ease and comfort." On the day Xinwei, Yi advanced and encamped at Wuhu. Han Huang defeated him, then pressed on against Xuancheng; Yi fell back to hold Guangde; Huang plundered the surrounding counties heavily and withdrew. Xi Jian, inspector of Xuzhou, wished to lead his troops to the rescue, but an edict cited the threat from the north and refused permission.
92
是歲，後趙中山公虎擊代王紇那，戰於句注陘北； 紇那兵敗，徙都大寧以避之。
That year, Shi Hu, Duke of Zhongshan of Later Zhao, attacked the lord of Dai, Henai, and fought north of Gouzhu Pass; Henai was defeated and moved his capital to Daning to escape him.
93
代王鬱律之子翳槐居於其舅賀蘭部，紇那遣使求之，賀蘭大人藹頭擁護不遣。 紇那與宇文部共擊藹頭，不克。
Yihuai, son of the late lord Yulü of Dai, lived with his maternal uncle's Helan tribe; Henai sent envoys to demand his return, but the Helan chieftain Aitou protected him and refused to hand him over. Henai allied with the Yuwen tribe to attack Aitou but failed to defeat him.
Footnotes
- Thus he ended