1
資治通鑑第094卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 94
2
【晉紀十六】起著雍困敦，盡重光單閼，凡四年。
[Jin Annals 16] From the year Zheyong Kun Dun through Chongguang Shan Ge—a span of four years.
3
顯宗成皇帝上之下咸和三年（ 戊子，公元三二八年）
Under Emperor Cheng the Illustrious Ancestor (lower scroll), third year of Xianhe ( year Wuzi, AD 328)
4
春，正月，溫嶠入救建康，軍於尋陽。
In spring, the first month, Wen Jiao marched to relieve Jiankang and made camp at Xunyang.
5
韓晃襲司馬流於慈湖； 流素懦怯，將戰，食炙不知口處，兵敗而死。
Han Huang struck Sima Liu at Cihu Lake; Liu was notoriously timid—as battle drew near he sat eating roast meat and could not find his own mouth; his force was routed and he was killed.
6
丁未，蘇峻帥祖渙、許柳等眾二萬人，濟自橫江，登牛渚，軍於陵口。 台兵御之，屢敗。 二月，庚戌，峻至蔣陵覆舟山。 陶回謂庾亮曰：「峻知石頭有重戍，不敢直下，必向小丹楊南道步來； 宜伏兵邀之，可一戰擒也。」 亮不從。 峻果自小丹楊來，迷失道，夜行，無復部分。 亮聞，乃悔之。
On dingwei, Su Jun led Zu Huan, Xu Liu, and the like—twenty thousand strong—crossed at Hengjiang, climbed Niuzhu, and encamped at Lingkou. Capital forces met them and were beaten again and again. In the second month, on gengxu, Jun reached Fuzhou Mountain at Jiangling. Tao Hui told Yu Liang, "Jun knows Shitou is heavily garrisoned and will not dare strike straight in; he is bound to march by the southern route through Xiaodanyang— set an ambush and you can take him in one fight." Liang would not heed him. Jun did come by Xiaodanyang, lost the road, marched through the night, and his army fell into disorder. When Liang heard of it, he regretted his refusal.
7
朝士以京邑危逼，多遣家人入東避難，左衛將軍劉超獨遷妻孥入居宮內。
With the capital under threat, most courtiers sent their families east to safety; only Liu Chao, Left Guard General, brought his wife and children to live inside the palace.
8
詔以卞壼都督大桁東諸軍事，與侍中鐘雅帥郭默、趙胤等軍及峻戰於西陵。 壼等大敗，死傷以千數。 丙辰，峻攻青溪柵，卞壼帥諸軍拒擊，不能禁。 峻因風縱火，燒台省及諸營寺署，一時蕩盡。 壼背癰新愈，創猶未合，力疾帥左右苦戰而死； 二子□□、盱隨父後，亦赴敵而死。 其母撫屍哭曰：「父為忠臣，子為孝子，夫何恨乎！」 丹楊尹羊曼勒兵守雲龍門，與黃門侍郎周導、廬江太守陶瞻皆戰死。 庾亮帥眾將陳於宣陽門內，未及成列，士眾皆棄甲走，亮與弟懌、條、翼及郭默、趙胤俱奔尋陽。 將行，顧謂鐘雅曰：「後事深以相委。」 雅曰：「棟折榱崩，誰之咎也！」 亮曰：「今日之事，不容復言。」 亮乘小船，亂兵相剝掠； 亮左右射賊，誤中柁工，應弦而倒。 船上咸失色慾散，亮不動，徐曰：「此手何可使著賊！」 眾乃安。
An edict made Bian Kun commander of all forces east of the Great Bridge; with Palace Attendant Zhong Ya he led Guo Mo, Zhao Yin, and the rest against Jun at Xiling. Kun's force was shattered; casualties ran into the thousands. On bingchen, Jun assaulted the Qingxi palisade; Bian Kun led the allied armies to block him but could not hold. Jun used the wind to fire the capital offices and every camp, monastery, and bureau—leaving nothing standing. Kun's back abscess had only just healed and the wound was still open; forcing himself despite illness, he led his household guard in desperate fighting and fell; his two sons, □□ and Xu, followed him into the fight and died as well. Their mother embraced the bodies and wept: "A loyal father and filial sons—what room is there for regret! Yang Man, governor of Danyang, mustered troops to hold Yunlong Gate; he, Yellow Gate Attendant Zhou Dao, and Lujiang governor Tao Zhan all fell in battle. Yu Liang drew up his generals inside Xuanyang Gate; before the line could form, the troops threw down their armor and ran; Liang fled to Xunyang with his brothers Yi, Tiao, and Yi, and with Guo Mo and Zhao Yin. As he was leaving, he turned to Zhong Ya and said, "I leave what follows entirely in your hands." Ya replied, "When the ridgebeam snaps and the rafters fall—whose fault is that?" Liang said, "What has happened today cannot be spoken of again." Liang took a small boat; rampaging soldiers looted one another; his men shot at marauders and hit the helmsman by mistake; the man dropped at the bowstring's snap. everyone aboard turned pale and nearly panicked; Liang did not move and said calmly, "These hands are not to be wasted on mere bandits!" The company steadied at that.
9
峻兵入台城，司徒導謂侍中褚翜曰：「至尊當御正殿，君可啟令速出。」 翜即入上閤，躬自抱帝登太極前殿； 導及光祿大夫陸曄、荀崧、尚書張闓共登御床，擁衛帝。 以劉超為右衛將軍，使與鐘雅、褚翜侍立左右，太常孔愉朝服守宗廟。 時百官奔散，殿省蕭然。 峻兵既入，叱褚翜令下翜正立不動，呵之曰：「蘇冠軍來覲至尊，軍人豈得侵逼！」 由是峻兵不敢上殿，突入後宮，宮人及太后左右侍人皆見掠奪。 峻兵驅役百官，光祿勳王彬等皆被捶撻，令負提登蔣山。 裸剝士女，皆以壞席苦苫草自鄣，無草者坐地以土自覆； 哀號之聲，震動內外。
Jun's soldiers entered the palace city; Grand Tutor Dao told Palace Attendant Chu Pou, "His Majesty must take the main hall—you should urge him to come out at once." Pou went straight into the upper pavilion, lifted the emperor in his arms, and mounted the forecourt of the Hall of Supreme Ultimate; Dao, Household Counsellor Lu Ye, Xun Song, and Secretary Zhang Kai climbed onto the imperial couch to shield the emperor. Liu Chao was appointed Right Guard General to stand at the emperor's side with Zhong Ya and Chu Pou; Kong Yu, Minister of Ceremonies, in full court dress guarded the ancestral shrine. By then the officials had fled; the palace halls stood empty. When Jun's men entered, they ordered Chu Pou down; Pou stood firm and cried, "General Su has come to attend His Majesty—how dare soldiers press upon the throne!" At that Jun's men dared not enter the hall; they stormed the inner quarters instead, and every palace woman and attendant of the empress dowager was looted. Jun's men drove the officials like slaves; Wang Bin and other grandees were beaten and forced to haul loads up Mount Jiang. men and women were stripped; each tried to hide behind broken mats and coarse rush; those without mats crouched on the ground and heaped soil over themselves; wails of grief shook the city inside and out.
10
初，姑孰既陷，尚書左丞孔坦謂人曰：「觀峻之勢，必破台城，自非戰士，不須戎服。」 及台城陷，戎服者多死，白衣者無他。
Earlier, when Gudu fell, Left Assistant Master of Writing Kong Tan told others, "Jun's momentum will surely take the palace city—unless you are a soldier, do not wear armor." When the palace city fell, most in armor died; those in plain dress were left unharmed.
11
時官有布二十萬匹，金銀五千斤，錢億萬，絹數萬匹，他物稱是，峻盡費之； 太官惟有燒餘米數石以供御膳。
the treasury held two hundred thousand bolts of cloth, five thousand jin of gold and silver, a hundred million cash, tens of thousands of bolts of silk, and comparable stores besides; Jun squandered the lot; the Imperial Kitchen had only a few piculs of charred rice left for the emperor's table.
12
或謂鐘雅曰：「君性亮直，必不容於寇仇，盍早為之計！」 雅曰：「國亂不能匡，君危不能濟，各遁逃以求免，何以為臣！」
Someone urged Zhong Ya, "You are upright by nature; the rebels will never spare you—why not act while you can?" Ya replied, "When the realm is in chaos one cannot set it right, when the sovereign is in peril one cannot save him—yet each runs to save himself; what sort of minister is that!"
13
丁巳，峻稱詔大赦，惟庾亮兄弟不在原例。 以王導有德望，猶使以本官居己之右。 祖約為侍中、太尉、尚書令，峻自為驃騎將軍、錄尚書事，許柳為丹楊尹，馬雄為左衛將軍，祖渙為驍騎將軍。 弋陽王羕詣峻，稱述峻功，峻復以羕為西陽王、太宰、錄尚書事。
On dingsi, Jun proclaimed a general amnesty, explicitly excluding Yu Liang and his brothers. Wang Dao's moral standing was such that Jun kept him in his original post and seated him at Jun's right hand. Zu Yue became Palace Attendant, Grand Commandant, and Director of the Masters of Writing; Jun took for himself the posts of General of Agile Cavalry and Recorder of the Masters of Writing; Xu Liu became governor of Danyang; Ma Xiong, Left Guard General; Zu Huan, General of Valiant Cavalry. Prince Yi of Yiyang came to Jun and praised his achievements; Jun restored him as Prince of Xiyang, Grand Tutor, and Recorder of the Masters of Writing.
14
峻遣兵攻吳國內史庾冰，冰不能御，棄郡奔會稽，至浙江，峻購之甚急。 吳鈴下卒引冰入船，以蘧蒢覆之，呤嘯鼓枻，溯流而去。 每逢邏所，輒以杖叩船曰：「何處覓庾冰，庚冰正在此。」 人以為醉，不疑之，冰僅免。 峻以侍中蔡謨為吳國內史。
Jun sent forces against Yu Bing, interior minister of Wu; Bing could not hold, abandoned his post, and fled toward Kuaiji; at the Zhe River Jun posted a heavy price on his head. A Wu orderly pulled Bing into a boat, hid him under coarse matting, hummed and beat the oars, and rowed upstream. Whenever search parties appeared, he rapped the boat with a pole and cried, "Looking for Yu Bing? Geng Bing is right here!" They took him for a drunkard and never suspected; Bing barely got away. Jun made Palace Attendant Cai Mo interior minister of Wu.
15
溫嶠聞建康不守，號慟； 人有候之者，悲哭相對。 庾亮至尋陽，宣太后詔，以嶠為驃騎將軍、開府儀同三司，又加徐州刺史郗鑒司空。 嶠曰：「今日當以滅賊為急，未有功而先拜官，將何以示天下！」 遂不受。 嶠素重亮，亮雖奔敗，嶠愈推奉之，分兵給亮。
When Wen Jiao learned Jiankang had fallen, he broke into wailing; any visitor who came found him weeping face to face with them. When Yu Liang reached Xunyang he announced the empress dowager's edict appointing Jiao General of Agile Cavalry with Secretariat honors, and promoting Xi Jian, governor of Xuzhou, to Grand Marshal. Jiao said, "Our task is to destroy the rebels; to accept rank before we have won—what would that tell the realm!" He refused. Jiao had always respected Liang; though Liang had fled in defeat, Jiao honored him still more and gave him a share of the troops.
16
後趙大赦，改元太和。 三月，丙子，庾太后以憂崩。
Later Zhao declared a general amnesty and adopted the era name Taihe. In the third month, on bingzi, Empress Dowager Yu died of grief.
17
蘇峻南屯於湖。
Su Jun moved south and encamped at Yuhu.
18
夏，四月，後趙將石堪攻宛，南陽太守王國降之； 遂進攻祖約軍於淮上。 約將陳光起兵攻約，約左右閻禿，貌類約，光謂為約而擒之。 約逾垣獲免，光奔後趙。
In summer, the fourth month, Later Zhao general Shi Kan attacked Wan; Wang Guo, governor of Nanyang, surrendered; then pressed on to attack Zu Yue's army on the Huai. Yue's officer Chen Guang rose against him; Yan Tu, a close attendant who looked like Yue, was seized by Guang, who mistook him for Yue himself. Yue vaulted a wall and escaped; Guang fled to Later Zhao.
19
壬申，葬明穆皇后於武平陵。
On renshen, Empress Mingmu was interred at Wuping Mausoleum.
20
庾亮、溫嶠將起兵討蘇峻，而道路斷絕，不知建康聲聞。 會南陽范汪至尋陽，言「峻政令不壹，貪暴縱橫，滅亡已兆，雖強易弱，朝廷有倒懸之急，宜時進討。」 嶠深納之。 亮辟汪參護軍事。
Yu Liang and Wen Jiao prepared to march against Su Jun, but communications were severed and they had no word from Jiankang. Fan Wang of Nanyang arrived at Xunyang and said, "Jun's rule is lawless, his greed and violence unchecked—the signs of ruin are already plain; the strong can be made weak; the court hangs by a thread—you should attack now." Jiao took this counsel to heart. Liang appointed Wang to his military staff.
21
亮、嶠互相推為盟主，嶠從弟充曰：「陶征西位重兵強，宜共推之。」 嶠乃遣督護王愆期詣荊州，邀陶侃與之同赴國難。 侃猶以不豫顧命為恨，答曰：「吾疆場外將，不敢越局。」 嶠屢說，不能回； 乃順侃意，遣使謂之曰：「仁公且守，僕當先下。」 使者去已二日，平南參軍滎陽毛寶別使還，聞之，說嶠曰：「凡舉大事，當與天下共之。 師克在和，不宜異同。 假令可疑，猶當外示不覺，況自為攜貳邪！ 宜急追信改書，言必應俱進； 若不及前信，當更遣使。」 嶠意悟，即追使者，改書； 侃果許之，遣督護龔登帥兵詣嶠。 嶠有眾七千，於是列上尚書，陳祖約、蘇峻罪狀，移告征鎮，灑泣登舟。
Liang and Jiao each declined the leadership in favor of the other; Jiao's cousin Chong said, "Tao the Western Expeditionary Commissioner outranks us and commands the strongest force—we should make him our leader." Jiao sent Supervisor Wang Yanqi to Jingzhou to invite Tao Kan to share in the national crisis. Kan still resented his exclusion from the deathbed testament and replied, "I am a frontier commander—I dare not overstep my bounds." Jiao pleaded repeatedly but could not move him; he yielded to Kan's wish and sent word: "My lord, hold your ground; I will march downstream first." Two days after the messenger left, Mao Bao of Xingyang, a staff officer on the southern campaign, returned from another errand, heard of it, and told Jiao, "A great undertaking must be shared with all the realm. Armies win through unity—you must not sow division. Even if he were suspect, you should show no sign of it—how much worse to divide the alliance yourself! Send a rider at once to overtake that letter and change it—say you will advance together; if you cannot catch the first messenger, send another." Jiao saw the point and at once overtook the messenger and revised the letter; Kan agreed and sent Supervisor Gong Deng with troops to join Jiao. Jiao had seven thousand men; he memorialized the Masters of Writing with the crimes of Zu Yue and Su Jun, notified the regional commanders, and boarded his fleet in tears.
22
陶侃復追龔登還。 嶠遺侃書曰：「夫軍有進而無退，可增而不可減。 近已移檄遠近，言於盟府，刻後月半大舉，諸郡軍並在路次，惟須仁公軍至，便齊進耳。 仁公今召軍還，疑惑遠近，成敗之由，將在於此。 僕才輕任重，實憑仁公篤愛，遠稟成規； 至於首啟戎行，不敢有辭，僕與仁公，如首尾相衛，脣齒相依也。 恐或者不達高旨，將謂仁公緩於討賊，此聲難追。 僕與仁公並受方岳之任，安危休戚，理既同之。 且自頃之顧，綢繆往來，情深義重，一旦有急，亦望仁公悉眾見救，況社稷之難乎！ 今日之憂，豈惟僕一州，文武莫不翹企。 假令此州不守，約、峻樹置官長於此，荊楚西逼強胡，東接逆賊，因之以饑饉，將來之危，乃當甚於此州之今日也。 仁公進當為大晉之忠臣，參桓、文之功； 退當以慈父之情，雪愛子之痛。 今約、峻凶逆無道，痛感天地，人心齊壹，咸皆切齒。 今之進討，若以石投卵耳； 苟復召兵還，是為敗於幾成也。 願深察所陳！」 王愆期謂侃曰：「蘇峻，豺狼也，如得遂志，四海雖廣，公寧有容足之地乎！」 侃深感悟，即戎服登舟； 瞻喪至不臨，晝夜兼道而進。
Tao Kan recalled Gong Deng again. Jiao wrote to Kan: "An army advances, it does not retreat; forces may be added, never withdrawn. I have already proclaimed far and wide to the alliance that we strike in mid-month; every commandery's troops is on the road—we need only your army to advance together. If you recall your troops now, you will sow doubt everywhere—victory or defeat hangs on this. My talent is slight for so heavy a charge; I lean on your steadfast support and heed your counsel from afar; As for leading the march, I make no complaint; you and I are head and tail, lips and teeth—mutually dependent. Some may not grasp your intent and will say you are slow to punish the rebels—a rumor hard to outrun. We both hold regional command; in safety and danger, weal and woe, our fates are bound together. We have been close of late, bound by deep friendship; in any crisis I would expect you to bring your full strength—and how much more when the altars of state are at stake! Today's crisis is not mine alone—every officer civil and military watches and waits. If this province falls and Yue and Jun set up their magistrates here, Jing and Chu would face the barbarians in the west and the rebels in the east—with famine on top, the danger ahead would exceed what we face today. If you advance, you will stand as a loyal minister of Great Jin and share the glory of Duke Huan and Duke Wen; if you withdraw, you must, like a loving father, ease a beloved son's grief. Zu Yue and Su Jun are vicious rebels whose crimes stir Heaven and Earth; every heart is united, every jaw clenched in rage. to march against them now would be like throwing a stone at an egg— to recall your troops would be to snatch defeat from the brink of victory. I beg you to consider carefully what I have written!" Wang Qianqi said to Tao Kan: "Su Jun is a wolf. If he gets his way, though the four seas are wide, will you even have room to stand?" Deeply moved, Tao Kan donned armor and boarded his ship; he did not pause even when Zhan's funeral arrived but pressed forward day and night at full speed.
23
郗鑒在廣陵，城孤糧少，逼近胡寇，人無固志。 得詔書，即流涕誓眾，入赴國難，將士爭奮。 遣將軍夏侯長等間行謂溫嶠曰：「或聞賊欲挾天子東入會稽，當先立營壘，屯據要害，既防其越逸，又斷賊糧運，然後清野堅壁以待賊。 賊攻城不拔，野無所掠，東道既斷，糧運自絕，必自潰矣。」 嶠深以為然。
Xi Jian was at Guangling—the city isolated, grain scarce, barbarian raiders close at hand, and his men wavering. When the imperial edict arrived, he wept before his troops and vowed to march to the capital's aid; officers and soldiers competed to give their best. He sent General Xiahou Chang and others by secret route to Wen Jiao: "Reports say the rebels mean to take the emperor east to Kuaiji. We should first build camps and hold the passes—blocking their escape and cutting their supply lines—then strip the countryside and hold fortified lines until they come. Unable to take the cities, with nothing to loot in the fields, the eastern road blocked and supplies exhausted, they will surely collapse on their own." Wen Jiao fully agreed.
24
五月，陶侃帥眾至尋陽。 議者咸謂侃欲誅庾亮以謝天下； 亮甚懼，用溫嶠計，詣侃拜謝。 侃驚，止之曰：「庾元規乃拜陶士行邪！」 亮引咎自責，風止可觀，侃不覺釋然，曰：「君侯修石頭以擬老子，今日反見求邪！」 即與之談宴終日，遂與亮、嶠同趣建康。 戎卒四萬，旌旗七百餘里，鉦鼓之聲，震於遠近。
In the fifth month, Tao Kan led his army to Xunyang. Observers all said Tao Kan meant to execute Yu Liang to satisfy the realm; Yu Liang was terrified; following Wen Jiao's advice, he went to Tao Kan and bowed in apology. Tao Kan was startled and stopped him: "Would Yu Yuan Gui bow to Tao Shi Xing!" Yu Liang shouldered the blame with dignity; Tao Kan felt his anger ease and said: "You fortified Stone City to rival me—today you come begging instead?" They talked and feasted all day, then Tao Kan marched toward Jiankang with Yu Liang and Wen Jiao. Forty thousand soldiers marched; their banners stretched seven hundred li; gongs and drums thundered for miles around.
25
蘇峻聞西方兵起，用參軍賈寧計，自姑孰還據石頭，分兵以拒侃等。
Hearing that western armies were on the march, Su Jun followed his staff officer Jia Ning's advice: he withdrew from Gushu to Stone City and split his forces to block Tao Kan and the others.
26
乙未，峻逼遷帝於石頭。 司徒導固爭，不從。 帝哀泣升車，宮中慟哭。 時天大雨，道路泥濘，劉超、鐘雅步侍左右。 峻給馬，不肯乘，而悲哀慷慨。 峻聞而惡之，然未敢殺也。 以其親信許方等補司馬督、殿中監，外托宿衛，內實防禦超等。 峻以倉屋為帝宮，日來帝前肆丑言。 劉超、鐘雅與右光祿大夫荀崧、金紫光祿大夫華恆、尚書荀邃、侍中丁潭侍從，不離帝側。 時饑饉，米貴，峻問遺，超一無所受，繾綣朝夕，臣節愈恭； 雖居幽厄之中，超猶啟帝，授《孝經》、《論語》。
On day Yiwei, Su Jun forced the emperor to move to Stone City. Grand Tutor Wang Dao protested fiercely but was overruled. The emperor wept as he boarded the carriage; the palace echoed with mourning. It rained heavily; the roads were mud; Liu Chao and Zhong Ya walked at his side through it all. Su Jun offered horses; they refused to ride, grieving yet defiant. Su Jun hated this but dared not kill them. He made his confidant Xu Fang Commander of the Army and Palace Director—nominally for palace guard, in truth to watch Liu Chao and the others. Su Jun housed the emperor in granary buildings and came each day to hurl insults at him. Liu Chao, Zhong Ya, Right Grand Master of the Bright Xu Song, Grand Master of the Golden Purple Hua Heng, Secretary Xun Sui, and Palace Attendant Ding Tan never left the emperor's side. Famine had driven rice prices high; when Su Jun sent gifts, Liu Chao refused every one; day and night he tended the emperor, his loyalty growing ever more reverent; though held captive, Liu Chao still taught the emperor the Classic of Filial Piety and the Analects.
27
峻使左光祿大夫陸曄守留台，逼近居民，盡聚之後苑； 使匡術守苑城。
Su Jun put Left Grand Master of the Bright Lu Ye in charge of the capital offices, drove residents from their homes, and herded them into the rear park; and set Kuang Shu to defend the park fortress.
28
尚書左丞孔坦奔陶侃，侃以為長史。
Left Assistant Director of the Masters of Writing Kong Tan fled to Tao Kan, who appointed him Chief Clerk.
29
初，蘇峻遣尚書張闓權督東軍，司徒導密令以太后詔諭三吳吏士，使起義兵救天子。 會稽內史王舒以庾冰行奮武將軍，使將兵一萬，西渡浙江。 於是吳興太守虞潭、吳國內史蔡謨、前義興太守顧從等皆舉兵應之。 潭母孫氏謂譚曰：「汝當捨生取義，勿以吾老為累！」 盡遣其家僮從軍，鬻其環珮以為軍資。 謨以庾冰當還舊任，即去郡以讓冰。
Earlier Su Jun had sent Secretary Zhang Kai to command the eastern armies; Grand Tutor Wang Dao secretly sent the empress dowager's edict to the Three Wu regions, calling officials and soldiers to raise loyalist forces and rescue the emperor. Kuaiji Interior Minister Wang Shu gave Yu Bing the acting title General of Resolute Martiality and sent ten thousand men west across the Zhe River. Wu Commandery Administrator Yu Tan, Wu Kingdom Interior Minister Cai Mo, former Yixing Administrator Gu Cong, and others all raised troops in reply. Tan's mother, Lady Sun, told him: "Give your life for righteousness—do not let my age hold you back!" She sent every household servant to the army and sold her jewelry for military supplies. Mo believed Yu Bing should resume his old post, so he left the commandery to make way for him.
30
蘇峻聞東方兵起，遣其將管商、張健、弘徽等拒之； 虞潭等與戰，互有勝負，未能得前。
Hearing of the eastern uprising, Su Jun sent generals Guan Shang, Zhang Jian, Hong Hui, and others to block them; Yu Tan and the others fought them to a stalemate and could not break through.
31
陶侃、溫嶠軍於茄子浦； 嶠以南兵習水，蘇峻兵便步，令將士：「有上岸者死！」 會峻送米萬斛饋祖約，約遣司馬桓撫等迎之。 毛寶帥千人為嶠前鋒，告其眾曰：「兵法：『軍令有所不從』，豈可視賊可擊，不上岸擊之邪！」 乃擅往襲撫，悉獲其米，斬獲萬計，約由是饑乏。 嶠表寶為廬江太守。
Tao Kan and Wen Jiao encamped at Qiezi Ford; Wen Jiao knew southern troops fought best on water while Su Jun's men excelled on land, and ordered: "Anyone who goes ashore dies!" Su Jun was sending ten thousand hu of rice to Zu Yue; Yue sent Army Major Huan Fu and others to receive it. Mao Bao led a thousand men as Wen Jiao's vanguard and told his troops: "The Art of War says that sometimes orders may be disobeyed—how can we see prey and not strike?" He disobeyed orders, attacked Fu, seized all the rice, killed and captured by the ten thousands, and left Zu Yue starving. Wen Jiao recommended Mao Bao for appointment as Administrator of Lujiang.
32
陶侃表王舒監浙東軍事，虞潭監浙西軍事，郗鑒都督揚州八郡諸軍事，令舒、潭皆受鑒節度。 鑒帥眾渡江，與侃等會與於茄子浦，雍州刺史魏該亦以兵會之。
Tao Kan recommended Wang Shu to oversee Zhe-dong military affairs, Yu Tan Zhe-xi, and Xi Jian to command military affairs in Yangzhou's eight commanderies, with Shu and Tan under Xi's command. Xi Jian crossed the river and joined Tao Kan at Qiezi Ford; Yong Province Inspector Wei Gai brought his troops as well.
33
丙辰，侃等舟師直指石頭，至於蔡洲，侃屯查浦，嶠屯沙門浦。 峻登烽火樓，望見士眾之盛，有懼色，謂左右曰：「吾本知溫嶠能得眾也。」
On day Bingchen, Tao Kan's fleet sailed straight for Stone City and reached Cai Isle; Kan encamped at Zhapu and Wen Jiao at Shamen Ford. Su Jun climbed the beacon tower, saw the size of the allied armies, turned pale, and said to his men: "I always knew Wen Jiao could rally troops."
34
庾亮遣督護王彰擊峻黨張曜，反為所敗。 亮送節傳以謝侃，侃答曰：「古人三敗，君侯始二； 當今事急，不宜數爾。」 亮司馬陳郡殷融詣侃謝曰：「將軍為此，非融等所裁。」 王彰至曰：「彰自為之，將軍不知也。」 侃曰：「昔殷融為君子，王彰為小人； 今王彰為君子，殷融為小人。」
Yu Liang sent Supervisor Wang Zhang against Su Jun's partisan Zhang Yao and was defeated. Yu Liang sent his seal of command to apologize to Tao Kan; Kan replied: "The ancients suffered three defeats—you have only two; matters are urgent; this cannot happen again." Yu Liang's army major Yin Rong of Chen Commandery came to apologize: "Sir, this was not our decision to make." Wang Zhang arrived and said: "I acted on my own—the general knew nothing." Tao Kan said: "Once Yin Rong was the gentleman and Wang Zhang the scoundrel; now Wang Zhang is the gentleman and Yin Rong the scoundrel."
35
宣城內史桓彝，聞京城不守，慷慨流涕，進屯涇縣。 時州郡多遣使降蘇峻，裨惠復勸彝宜且與通使，以紓交至之禍。 彝曰：「吾受國厚恩，義在致死，焉能忍恥與逆臣通問！ 如其不濟，此則命也。」 彝遣將軍俞縱守蘭石，峻遣其將韓晃攻之。 縱將敗，左右勸縱退軍。 縱曰：「吾受桓侯厚恩，當以死報。 吾之不可負桓侯，猶桓侯之不負國也。」 遂力戰而死。 晃進軍攻彝，六月，城陷，執彝，殺之。
Xuancheng Interior Minister Huan Yi, hearing the capital had fallen, wept and marched to encamp at Jing County. Many provinces and commanderies were sending envoys to surrender to Su Jun; adjutant Hui Fu urged Yi to open communications to avert imminent disaster. Yi said: "The state has honored me deeply; my duty is to die for it—how could I stoop to parley with a rebel! If I fail, that is fate." Yi sent General Yu Zong to hold Lanshi; Su Jun sent General Han Huang to attack. As defeat loomed, his officers urged Zong to retreat. Zong said: "Lord Huan honored me; I will repay him with my life. I owe Lord Huan what he owes the state." He fought to the death. Huang pressed the attack; in the sixth month the city fell, Yi was captured, and killed.
36
諸軍初至石頭，即欲決戰，陶侃曰：「賊眾方盛，難與爭鋒，當以歲月，智計破之。」 既而屢戰無功，監軍部將李根請築白石壘，侃從之。 夜築壘，至曉而成。 聞峻軍嚴聲，諸將咸懼其來攻。 孔坦曰：「不然。 若峻攻壘，必須東北風急，令我水軍不得往救； 今天清靜，賊必不來。 所以嚴者，必遣軍出江乘，掠京口以東矣。」 已而果然。 侃使庾亮以二千人守白石，峻帥步騎萬餘四面攻之，不克。
When the allied armies first reached Stone City they wanted battle at once; Tao Kan said: "The rebels are still strong—do not meet them head-on; wear them down with time and strategy." After repeated failures, supervising army officer Li Gen proposed building White Stone Fort, and Kan agreed. They built it overnight; by dawn it stood complete. When Su Jun's army sounded the call to arms, the generals feared an attack. Kong Tan said: "Not so. To attack the fort he would need a stiff northeast wind to keep our fleet from reinforcing; the sky is clear and calm—they will not come. The drums mean he has sent troops from Jiangcheng to raid east of Jingkou." And so it proved. Tao Kan left Yu Liang with two thousand men at White Stone; Su Jun led more than ten thousand infantry and cavalry against it from all sides but could not take it.
37
王舒、虞潭等數與峻兵戰，不利。 孔坦曰：「本不須召郗公，遂使東門無限。 今宜遣還，雖晚，猶勝不也。」 侃乃令鑒與後將軍郭默還據京口，立大業、曲阿、庱亭三壘以分峻之兵勢，使郭默守大業。
Wang Shu, Yu Tan, and the others fought Su Jun's forces repeatedly without success. Kong Tan said: "We never needed to summon Xi Jian—and left the eastern approach undefended. Send him back now—late, but better than never." Tao Kan sent Xi Jian and Rear General Guo Mo back to hold Jingkou, building forts at Daye, Qu'e, and Chiting to split Su Jun's forces, with Guo Mo at Daye.
38
壬辰，魏該卒。
On day Renchen, Wei Gai died.
39
祖約遣祖渙、桓撫襲湓口。 陶侃聞之，將自擊之。 毛寶曰：「義軍恃公，公不可動，寶請討之。」 侃從之。 渙、撫過皖，因攻譙國內史桓宣。 寶往救之，為渙、撫所敗。 箭貫寶髀，徹鞍，寶使人蹋鞍拔箭，血流滿靴。 還擊渙、撫，破走之，宣乃得出，歸於溫嶠。 寶進攻祖約軍於東關，拔合肥戍，會嶠召之，復歸石頭。
Zu Yue sent Zu Huan and Huan Fu to raid Pun Kou. Tao Kan heard and prepared to lead the attack himself. Mao Bao said: "The loyalist army depends on you—you must not stir; let me go." Tao Kan agreed. Huan and Fu passed Wan and attacked Qiao Kingdom Interior Minister Huan Xuan. Mao Bao went to his relief and was beaten by Huan and Fu. An arrow pierced Mao Bao's thigh and the saddle; he had a man step on the saddle to pull it out; blood filled his boots. He counterattacked, routed Huan and Fu, freed Huan Xuan, and escorted him back to Wen Jiao. Mao Bao pressed Zu Yue's army at Dongguan, took the Hefei garrison, then returned to Stone City when Wen Jiao recalled him.
40
祖約諸將陰與後趙通謀，許為內應。 後趙將石聰，石堪引兵濟淮，攻壽春。 秋，七月，約眾潰，奔歷陽，聰等虜壽春二萬餘戶而歸。
Zu Yue's generals secretly colluded with Later Zhao, promising to serve as inside agents. Later Zhao generals Shi Cong and Shi Kan crossed the Huai and attacked Shouchun. In the seventh month of autumn Zu Yue's army collapsed and fled to Liyang; Cong and the others carried off more than twenty thousand households from Shouchun and withdrew.
41
後趙中山公虎帥眾四萬自軹關西入，擊趙河東。 應之者五十餘縣，遂進攻蒲阪。 趙主曜遣河間王述發氐、羌之眾屯秦州以備張駿、楊難敵，自將中外精銳水陸諸軍以救蒲阪，自衛關北濟； 虎懼，引退。 曜追之，八月，及於高候，與虎戰，大破之，斬石瞻； 枕屍二百餘里，收其資仗億計，虎奔朝歌。 曜濟自大陽，攻石生於金墉，決千金堨以灌之。 分遣諸將攻汲郡、河內，後趙滎陽太守尹矩、野王太守張進等皆降之。 襄國大震。
Later Zhao Prince of Zhongshan Shi Hu led forty thousand men west through Zhiguan Pass to strike Zhao's Hedong region. More than fifty counties answered his call, and he pressed on to attack Puban. Liu Yao sent Prince of Hejian Liu Shu to raise Di and Qiang troops and garrison Qinzhou against Zhang Jun and Yang Nan'di, while he himself led the realm's finest land and river forces to relieve Puban, crossing north from Weiguan. Hu took fright and pulled back. Yao pursued him; in the eighth month he overtook him at Gaohou, fought him, won a crushing victory, and beheaded Shi Zhan. Dead bodies stretched for more than two hundred li; he captured arms and gear beyond counting; Hu fled to Chaoge. Yao crossed from Dayang and attacked Shi Sheng at Jinyong, breaking the Qianjin dyke to inundate the city. He sent generals against Ji commandery and Henei; Later Zhao's Xingyang prefect Yin Ju, Yewang prefect Zhang Jin, and others all submitted. Xiangguo was thrown into turmoil.
42
張駿治兵，欲乘虛襲長安。 理曹郎中索詢諫曰：「劉曜雖東征，其子胤守長安，未易輕也。 借使小有所獲，彼若釋東方之圖，還與我校； 禍難之期，未可量也」駿乃止。 蘇峻腹心路永、匡術、賈寧聞祖約敗，恐事不濟，勸峻盡誅司徒導等諸大臣，更樹腹心； 峻雅敬導，不許。 永等更貳於峻，導使參軍袁耽潛誘永歸順。 九月，戊申，導攜二子與永皆奔白石。 耽，渙之曾孫也。
Zhang Jun mustered his army, planning to take advantage of the moment and raid Chang'an. Suo Xun of the Registrar Bureau remonstrated: "Even though Liu Yao is campaigning in the east, his son Yin still holds Chang'an—it is no easy prize. Even if we won a minor gain, should he abandon his eastern plans and turn back to fight us— when disaster would strike cannot be foretold." Zhang Jun abandoned the plan. Su Jun's intimates Lu Yong, Kuang Shu, and Jia Ning heard that Zu Yue had been beaten and, fearing failure, urged Jun to kill Minister Over the Masses Wang Dao and the other senior ministers and install new confidants. Jun held Dao in high esteem and refused. Yong and the others wavered in their loyalty to Jun; Dao sent staff officer Yuan Dan secretly to win Yong over. In the ninth month, on wushen, Dao fled to Baishi with his two sons and Yong. Yuan Dan was the great-grandson of Huan.
43
陶侃、溫嶠等與蘇峻久相持不決，峻分遣諸將東西攻掠，所向多捷，人情心匈懼。 朝士之奔西軍者皆曰：「峻狡黠有膽決，其徒驍勇，所向無敵。 若天討有罪，則峻終滅亡； 止以人事言之，未易除也。」 溫嶠怒曰：「諸君怯懦，乃更譽賊！」 及累戰不勝，嶠亦憚之。
Tao Kan, Wen Jiao, and the others had long been deadlocked with Su Jun; Jun sent generals raiding east and west, winning nearly everywhere they went, and fear spread through the ranks. Court officials who had taken refuge with the western army kept saying: "Su Jun is cunning and bold; his troops are fierce—nothing can stop them. If Heaven punishes the guilty, Su Jun will eventually be destroyed; but judged by human strength alone, he will not be easy to remove." Wen Jiao flared up: "You cowards—and you praise the rebel!" After one defeat after another, even Jiao began to fear him.
44
嶠軍食盡，貸於陶侃。 侃怒曰：「使君前雲不憂無良將及兵食，惟欲得老僕為主耳。 今數戰皆北，良將安在！ 荊州接胡、蜀二虜，當備不虞； 若復無食，僕便欲西歸，更思良算。 徐來殄賊，不為晚也。」 嶠曰：「凡師克在和，古之善教也。 光武之濟昆陽，曹公之拔官渡，以寡敵眾，杖義故也。 峻、約小豎，凶逆滔天，何憂不滅！ 峻驟勝而驕，自謂無前，今挑之戰，可一鼓而擒也。 奈何捨垂立之功，設進退之計乎！ 且天子幽逼，社稷危殆，乃四海臣子肝腦塗地之日。 嶠等與公並受國恩，事若克濟，則臣主同祚； 如其不捷，當灰身以謝先帝耳。 今之事勢，義無旋踵，譬如騎虎，安可中下哉！ 公若違眾獨返，人心必沮； 沮眾敗事，義旗將回指於公矣。」 毛寶言於嶠曰：「下官能留陶公。」 乃往說侃曰：「公本應鎮蕪湖，為南北勢援，前既已下，勢不可還。 且軍政有進無退，非直整齊三軍，示眾必死而已，亦謂退無所據，終至滅亡。 往者杜弢非不強盛，公竟滅之，何至於峻，獨不可破邪！ 賊亦畏死，非皆勇健，公可試與寶兵，使上岸斷賊資糧。 若寶不立效，然後公去，人心不恨矣。」 侃然之，加寶督護而遣之。 竟陵太守李陽說侃曰：「今大事若不濟，公雖有粟，安得而食諸！」 侃乃分米五萬石以餉嶠軍。 毛寶燒峻句容、湖孰積聚，峻軍乏食，侃遂留不去。
Wen Jiao's army exhausted its grain and asked Tao Kan for supplies. Tao Kan said in anger: "Your lordship once said you had no lack of good generals or provisions—you only wanted this old man as commander-in-chief. Now battle after battle ends in defeat—where are those good generals! Jingzhou faces the Hu and Shu barbarians on two sides and must stay ready for surprise; if there is no grain again, I mean to go back west and think of a better plan. Destroying the rebels a little later would not be too late." Wen Jiao replied: "Every army wins through unity—that is the teaching of the ancients. Emperor Guangwu's rescue at Kunyang and Duke Cao's victory at Guandu both pitted the few against the many and triumphed through righteousness. Jun and Yue are petty rebels whose crimes reach heaven—why doubt they can be destroyed! Jun has grown arrogant after quick victories and thinks himself invincible; provoke him now and we can take him in one assault. How can you throw away a victory within grasp and talk of advancing and retreating! The Son of Heaven is in peril and the altars of state endangered—this is the day when loyal subjects everywhere should lay down their lives. You and I alike owe the state a debt; if we succeed, sovereign and subject share the reward; if we fail, we should offer our lives to answer before the late emperor. The situation now leaves no room to turn back—like riding a tiger, how can one get off halfway! If you go against the army and withdraw alone, morale will collapse; collapse morale and ruin the cause—and the banner of righteousness will be turned against you." Mao Bao told Jiao: "Your humble servant can keep Lord Tao here." He then went to persuade Tao Kan: "You were meant to hold Wuhu as the north-south anchor; having already come downstream, you cannot turn back. In war there is advance but no retreat—not only to drill the three armies and show them they must die, but because retreat has nowhere to stand and ends in destruction. Du Tao was no less formidable, yet you destroyed him—why should Su Jun alone be unbreakable! The rebels fear death too; not all are brave. Try giving Bao troops to go ashore and cut their supplies. If Bao fails, then you may leave—and no one will blame you." Tao Kan agreed, made Mao Bao a superintendent, and sent him off. Jingling prefect Li Yang said to Tao Kan: "If the great cause fails now, what good is your grain to you!" Tao Kan then allotted fifty thousand shi of rice to Wen Jiao's army. Mao Bao burned Su Jun's stores at Jurong and Hushu; Jun's army ran short of food, and Tao Kan stayed.
45
張健、韓晃等急攻大業； 壘中乏水，人飲糞汁。 郭默懼，潛突圍出外，留兵守之。 郗鑒在京口，軍士聞之皆失色。 參軍曹納曰：「大業，京口之扞蔽也，一旦不守，則賊兵徑至，不可當也。 請還廣陵，以俟後舉。」 鑒大會僚佐，責納曰：「吾受先帝顧托之重，正復捐軀九泉，不足報塞。 今強寇在近，眾心危逼，君腹心之佐，而生長異端，當何以帥先義眾，鎮壹三軍邪！」 將斬之，久乃得釋。
Zhang Jian, Han Huang, and the others pressed hard against Daye; the fort ran out of water and men drank foul runoff. Guo Mo panicked, slipped out through a secret breakout, and left troops to hold the place. Xi Jian was at Jingkou; when his soldiers heard the news, their faces went pale. Staff officer Cao Na said: "Daye is Jingkou's shield; once it falls, the rebels will come straight at us—we cannot stop them. Let us withdraw to Guangling and wait for another chance." Xi Jian called his officers together and rebuked Na: "I bear the late emperor's heavy trust; even dying would not repay it. The enemy is near and morale is fragile—you are a close adviser, yet you sow division; how can you lead loyal troops and steady the army!" He was about to behead him; only after a long while was Na spared.
46
陶侃將救大業，長史殷羨曰：「吾兵不習步戰，救大業而不捷，則大事去矣。 不如急攻石頭，則大業自解。」 侃從之。 羨，融之兄也。
Tao Kan was preparing to relieve Daye; Chief Clerk Yin Xian said: "Our men are not trained for infantry combat; if we fail at Daye, the whole cause is lost. Better to strike Stone City at once—Daye will free itself." Tao Kan agreed. Yin Xian was the elder brother of Yin Rong.
47
庚午，侃督水軍向石頭。 庾亮、溫嶠、趙胤帥步兵萬人從白石南上，欲挑戰。 峻將八千人逆戰，遣其子碩及其將匡孝分兵先薄趙胤軍，敗之。 峻方勞其將士，乘醉望見胤走，曰：「孝能破賊，我更不如邪！」 因捨其眾，與數騎北下突陳，不得入，將回趨白木陂； 馬躓，侃部將彭世、李千等投之以矛，峻墜馬； 斬首，臠割之，焚其骨，三軍皆稱萬歲。 餘眾大潰。 峻司馬任讓等共立峻弟逸為主，閉城自守。 溫嶠乃立行台，佈告遠近，凡故吏二千石以下，皆令赴台，於是至者雲集。 韓晃聞峻死，引兵趣石頭。 管商、弘徽攻庱亭壘，督護李閎、輕車長史滕含擊破之。 含，修之孫也。 商走詣庾亮降，餘眾皆歸張健。
On gengwu Tao Kan led the fleet toward Stone City. Yu Liang, Wen Jiao, and Zhao Yin led ten thousand foot soldiers south from Baishi to offer battle. Su Jun's eight thousand men met them; he sent his son Shuo and general Kuang Xiao to split their forces, strike Zhao Yin's army first, and rout it. Jun was feasting his troops; drunk, he saw Yin flee and cried: "If Xiao can beat them, am I not better still!" He then left his army, took a few horsemen, and charged north into the enemy line; blocked from breaking through, he turned toward Baimu Marsh; his horse stumbled; Tao Kan's officers Peng Shi, Li Qian, and others threw spears at him and knocked him from his horse; they beheaded him, cut his flesh, and burned his bones; the whole army shouted ten thousand years. The rest broke and fled in panic. Su Jun's major Ren Rang and the others set up Jun's younger brother Yi as leader and shut the city to defend it. Wen Jiao established a field headquarters, proclaimed it far and near, and summoned all former officials of two-thousand-bushel rank and below; they came in crowds. Han Huang heard Su Jun was dead and marched toward Stone City. Guan Shang and Hong Hui attacked the Chiting fort; Superintendent Li Hong and Light Chariot Chief of Staff Teng Han beat them back. Teng Han was the grandson of Teng Xiu. Guan Shang fled to Yu Liang and surrendered; the remainder all went over to Zhang Jian.
48
冬，十一月，後趙王勒欲自將救洛陽，僚佐程遐等固諫曰：「劉曜懸軍千里，勢不支久。 大王不宜親動，動無萬全。」 勒大怒，按劍叱遐等出。 乃赦徐光，召而謂之曰：「劉曜乘一戰之勝，圍守洛陽，庸人之情皆謂其鋒不可當。 曜帶甲十萬，攻一城而百日不克，帥老卒怠，以我初銳擊之，可一戰而擒也。 若洛陽不守，曜必送死冀州，自河已北，席捲而來，吾事去矣。 程遐等不欲吾行，卿以為何如？」 對曰：「劉曜乘高候之勢，不能進臨襄國，更守金墉，此其無能為可知也。 以大王威略臨之，彼必望旗奔敗。 平定天下，在今一舉，不可失也。」 勒笑曰：「光言是也。」 乃使內外戒嚴，有諫者斬。 命石堪、石聰及豫州刺史桃豹等各統見眾會滎陽； 中山公虎進據石門，勒自統步騎四萬趣金墉，濟自大堨。 勒謂徐光曰：「曜盛兵成皋關，上策也； 阻洛水，其次也； 坐守洛陽，此成擒耳。」 十二月，乙亥，後趙諸軍集於成皋，步卒六萬，騎二萬七千。 勒見趙無守兵，大喜，舉手指天，復加額，曰：「天也！」 卷甲銜枚，詭道兼行，出於鞏、訾之間。
In winter, the eleventh month, Later Zhao King Shi Le wanted to lead the relief of Luoyang in person; Cheng Xia and other advisers strongly remonstrated: "Liu Yao's army is a thousand li from home—it cannot hold out long. Your Majesty should not go in person; no move is perfectly safe." Shi Le flew into a rage, drew his sword, and drove Cheng Xia and the others out. He then pardoned Xu Guang, summoned him, and said: "Liu Yao, buoyed by one victory, has besieged Luoyang; ordinary men all say his momentum is unstoppable. Yao has a hundred thousand armored men and cannot take one city in a hundred days—his commanders are worn, his troops exhausted; hit him with our fresh strength and we can capture him in one battle. If Luoyang falls, Yao will throw himself into Jizhou; north of the river he will sweep down—and our cause is finished. Cheng Xia and the others do not want me to go—what do you say?" Xu Guang answered: "Liu Yao, after Gaohou, could not press on to Xiangguo but only held Jinyong—his limits are clear. Under Your Majesty's power, they will flee at the sight of your banners. To settle the realm depends on this one stroke—it must not be missed." Shi Le smiled: "Guang is right." He then put the court and army on alert; anyone who remonstrated was executed. He ordered Shi Kan, Shi Cong, and Yuzhou Inspector Tao Bao each to gather their available forces at Xingyang; Prince of Zhongshan Shi Hu advanced to occupy Shimen; Shi Le personally led forty thousand infantry and cavalry toward Jinyong, crossing at the great dyke. Shi Le told Xu Guang: "If Yao massed troops at Chenggao Pass, that would be the best plan; blocking the Luo would be second; sitting in Luoyang—then he is as good as ours." In the twelfth month, on yihai, Later Zhao's armies gathered at Chenggao: sixty thousand foot and twenty-seven thousand horse. Shi Le saw that Zhao had left no garrison and rejoiced; he pointed to heaven, then touched his forehead, and said: "Heaven!" They rolled up their armor, silenced their mouths, took hidden routes at forced march, and came out between Gong and Zi.
49
趙主曜專與嬖臣飲博，不撫士卒； 左右或諫，曜怒，以為妖言，斬之。 聞勒已濟河，始議增滎陽戍，杜黃馬關。 俄而洛水候者與後趙前鋒交戰，擒羯送之。 曜問：「大胡自來邪？ 其眾幾何？」 羯曰：「王自來，軍勢甚盛。」 曜色變，使攝金墉之圍，陳於洛西，眾十餘萬，南北十餘里。 勒望見，益喜，謂左右曰：「可以賀我矣！」 勒帥步騎四萬入洛陽城。
Liu Yao spent his time drinking and gambling with favorite ministers and neglected his soldiers. When attendants remonstrated, Yao in anger called it demonic speech and had them executed. When word came that Shi Le had already crossed the river, they at last began discussing reinforcements for the Xingyang garrison and sealing the Huang-Ma Pass. Before long, scouts on the Luo River clashed with the Later Zhao vanguard, captured a Jie prisoner, and brought him to Liu Yao. Liu Yao asked: "Has the Great Barbarian come in person? How large is his army?" The captive Jie said: "Our king came himself, and his army's strength is overwhelming." Liu Yao's face fell. He ordered the siege of Jinyong lifted and drew up his army west of the Luo—more than a hundred thousand men, stretched north to south for over ten li. Shi Le saw them and was all the more delighted. He told those around him: "You may congratulate me now!" Shi Le then led forty thousand infantry and cavalry into Luoyang.
50
己卯，中山公虎引步卒三萬自城北而西，攻趙中軍，石堪、石聰等各以精騎八千自城西而北，擊趙前鋒，大戰於西陽門。 勒躬貫甲冑，出自閶闔門，夾擊之。 曜少而嗜酒，末年尤甚； 將戰，飲酒數鬥。 常乘赤馬無故停頓，乃乘小馬。 比出，復飲酒斗餘。 至西陽門，揮陳就平。 石堪因而乘之，趙兵大潰。 曜昏醉退走，馬陷石渠，墜於冰上，被瘡十餘，通中者三，為堪所執。 勒遂大破趙兵，斬首五萬餘級。 下令曰：「所欲擒者一人耳，今已獲之。 其敕將士抑鋒止銳，縱其歸命之路。」
On jimao, Prince of Zhongshan Shi Hu led thirty thousand foot soldiers from the north wall westward against the Zhao center; Shi Kan, Shi Cong, and others each led eight thousand elite horsemen from the west wall northward against the Zhao vanguard. The two sides fought a great battle at Xiyang Gate. Shi Le donned armor himself, marched out through the Changhe Gate, and struck them from both sides. Liu Yao had loved wine since youth, and in his later years the habit grew worse still; before the battle he drank several dou of wine. He usually rode a red horse, but it halted without cause, so he switched to a smaller mount. By the time he took the field he had drunk another dou and more. When he reached Xiyang Gate, he waved his hand and drew the ranks up on level ground. Shi Kan pressed the advantage, and the Zhao army broke in utter rout. Liu Yao, reeling in drunken stupor, fled in retreat. His horse stumbled into a stone canal and he fell onto the ice. He suffered more than ten wounds, three of them mortal, and was captured by Shi Kan. Shi Le then crushed the Zhao army and took more than fifty thousand heads. He issued an order: "There was only one man I wanted—and now I have him. Tell the officers and men to sheathe their blades and stay their sharpness, and leave the enemy a road to submit."
51
曜見勒，曰：「石王，頗憶重門之盟否？」 勒使徐光謂之曰：「今日之事，天使其然，復雲何邪！」 乙酉，勒班師。 使征東將軍石邃將兵衛送曜。 邃，虎之子也。 曜瘡甚，載以馬輿，使醫李永與同載。 己亥，至襄國，捨曜於永豐小城，給其妓妾，嚴兵圍守。 遣劉岳、劉震等從男女盛服以見之，曜曰：「吾謂卿等久為灰土，石王仁厚，乃全宥至今邪！ 我殺石佗，愧之多矣。 今日之禍，自其分耳。」 留宴終日而去。 勒使曜與其太子熙書，諭令速降； 曜但敕熙與諸大臣「匡維社稷，勿以吾易意也。」 勒見而惡之，久之，乃殺曜。
When Liu Yao was brought before Shi Le, he said: "King Shi, do you still remember our pact at Chongmen?" Shi Le had Xu Guang reply: "What has happened today Heaven itself ordained—what more is there to say!" On yiyou, Shi Le withdrew his army. He sent Eastern Campaign General Shi Sui with troops to guard and escort Liu Yao. Shi Sui was Shi Hu's son. Liu Yao's wounds were grave. He was carried in a horse-drawn litter, with the physician Li Yong riding beside him. On jihai they reached Xiangguo. Liu Yao was housed in the small town of Yongfeng, given singing girls and concubines, and kept under heavy guard. He sent Liu Yue, Liu Zhen, and others, followed by men and women in fine dress, to visit him. Liu Yao said: "I thought you had long since turned to dust. King Shi is generous indeed—to have spared you all until now! When I killed Shi Tuo, I already owed him more shame than I can count. The disaster that has befallen me today is simply my allotted fate." They remained and feasted with him all day before departing. Shi Le had Liu Yao write to his crown prince Liu Xi, urging him to surrender quickly; but Liu Yao merely instructed Xi and the chief ministers: "Hold firm to the altars of state. Do not alter your purpose because of me." When Shi Le read the letter he was disgusted, and after some time he had Liu Yao executed.
52
是歲，成漢獻王驤卒，其子征東將軍壽以喪還成都。 成主雄以李玝為征北將軍、梁州刺史，代壽屯晉壽。
That year Li Xiang, Prince Xian of Cheng Han, died. His son, Eastern Campaign General Li Shou, returned to Chengdu for the funeral. Cheng Han's ruler Li Xiong appointed Li Bi Northern Campaign General and Inspector of Liangzhou, replacing Li Shou to garrison Jinshou.
53
顯宗成皇帝上之下咸和四年（ 己丑、公元三二九年）
Under Emperor Cheng the Illustrious Ancestor (lower scroll), fourth year of Xianhe ( year jichou, AD 329)
54
春，正月，光祿大夫陸曄及弟尚書左僕射玩說匡術，以苑城附於西軍； 百官皆赴之，推曄督宮城軍事。 陶侃命毛寶守南城，鄧岳守西城。
In spring, the first month, Supervising Censor Lu Ye and his younger brother Lu Wan, Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, persuaded Kuang Shu to surrender the Garden City to the western armies; the court officials all went over, and Ye was chosen to command military affairs within the palace city. Tao Kan ordered Mao Bao to defend the southern wall and Deng Yue the western wall.
55
右衛將軍齊超、侍中鐘雅與建康令管旆等謀奉帝出赴西軍； 事洩，蘇逸使其將平原任讓將兵入宮收超、雅。 帝抱持悲泣曰：「還我侍中、右衛！」 讓奪而殺之。 初，讓少無行，太常華恆為本州大中正，黜其品。 及讓為蘇峻將，乘勢多所誅殺，見恆輒恭敬，不敢縱暴。 及鐘、劉之死，蘇逸欲並殺恆，讓盡心救衛，恆乃得免。
Right Guard General Qi Chao, Palace Attendant Zhong Ya, and Jiankang Prefect Guan Pei and others plotted to take the emperor out to the western armies; when the plot leaked, Su Yi sent his general Ren Rang of Pingyuan with troops into the palace to seize Chao and Ya. The emperor clung to them, weeping: "Give me back my palace attendant and my right guard!" Ren Rang tore them from his arms and killed them. Ren Rang had been dissolute in his youth. Hua Heng, Grand Master of Ceremonies and chief provincial arbiter of ranks, had lowered his standing. After he became one of Su Jun's generals and rode the tide of power, he killed many—but whenever he saw Hua Heng he behaved with deference and did not dare abuse his authority. When Zhong Ya and Liu Chao died, Su Yi wanted to kill Hua Heng as well. Ren Rang threw himself into protecting him, and Heng was spared.
56
冠軍將軍趙胤遣部將甘苗擊祖約於歷陽，戊辰，約夜帥左右數百人奔後趙，其將牽騰帥眾出降。
Champion General Zhao Yin sent his officer Gan Miao to attack Zu Yue at Liyang. On wuchen, Zu Yue fled by night with several hundred close followers to Later Zhao, while his general Qian Teng led the rest of the army out to surrender.
57
蘇逸、蘇碩、韓晃並力攻台城，焚太極東堂及秘閣，毛寶登城，射殺數十人。 晃謂寶曰：「君名勇果，何不出鬥？」 寶曰：「君名健將，何不入鬥？」 晃笑而退。
Su Yi, Su Shuo, and Han Huang joined forces to assault the terrace city. They burned the eastern hall of the Supreme Ultimate and the secret archive. Mao Bao climbed the wall and shot down several dozen men. Han Huang called up to Mao Bao: "You are famed for courage—why not come down and fight?" Mao Bao answered: "You are famed as a fierce commander—why not come up and fight?" Han Huang laughed and withdrew.
58
趙太子熙聞趙主曜被擒，大懼，與南陽王胤謀西保秦州。 尚書胡勳曰：「今雖喪君，境土尚完，將士不叛，且當並力拒之； 力不能拒，走未晚也。」 胤怒，以為沮眾，斬之，遂帥百官奔上邽，諸征鎮亦皆棄所守從之，關中大亂。 將軍蔣英、辛恕擁眾數十萬據長安，遣使降後趙，後趙遣石生帥洛陽之眾赴之。
When Zhao crown prince Liu Xi learned that Liu Yao had been captured, he was terrified. Together with Prince of Nanyang Liu Yin he planned to flee west and make a stand in Qinzhou. Hu Xun, Minister of the Masters of Writing, said: "We have lost our ruler, but the realm is still whole and the troops have not turned. We should gather our strength and resist together; if we cannot hold, there will still be time to flee." Liu Yin, enraged, took this as sowing panic among the troops and had him executed. He then led the court officials in flight to Shanggui. The frontier garrisons abandoned their posts and followed, and Guanzhong plunged into chaos. Generals Jiang Ying and Xin Shu, commanding several hundred thousand men, held Chang'an. They sent envoys to surrender to Later Zhao, and Later Zhao dispatched Shi Sheng with the Luoyang army to take possession.
59
二月，丙戌，諸軍攻石頭。 建成長史滕含擊蘇逸，大破之。 蘇碩帥驍勇數百，渡准而戰，溫嶠擊斬之。 韓晃等懼，以其眾就張健於曲阿，門隘不得出，更相蹈藉，死者萬數。 西軍獲蘇逸，斬之。 滕含部將曹據抱帝奔溫嶠船，群臣見帝，頓首號泣請罪。 殺西陽王羕，並其二子播、充、孫崧及彭城王雄。 陶侃與任讓有舊，為請其死。 帝曰：「是殺吾侍中、右衛者，不可赦也。」 乃殺之。 司徒導入石頭，令取故節，陶侃笑曰：「蘇武節似不如是。」 導有慚色。 丁亥，大赦。
In the second month, on bingxu, the allied armies assaulted Shitou. Teng Han, chief clerk of Jiancheng, attacked Su Yi and routed him completely. Su Shuo led several hundred picked warriors across the Huai to give battle. Wen Jiao met them, struck, and beheaded him. Han Huang and the others, in panic, rallied to Zhang Jian at Qu'e. The gate was too narrow to pass, and in the crush they trampled one another to death by the tens of thousands. The western armies captured Su Yi and executed him. Teng Han's officer Cao Ju seized the emperor and fled to Wen Jiao's ship. When the ministers saw the emperor again, they bowed to the ground, weeping and begging pardon. They executed Prince of Xiyang Sima Yang, his two sons Sima Bo and Sima Chong, his grandson Sima Song, and Prince of Pengcheng Sima Xiong. Tao Kan had old ties with Ren Rang and pleaded that his life be spared. The emperor said: "This is the man who killed my palace attendant and my right guard. He cannot be forgiven." Ren Rang was then executed. Grand Steward Wang Dao entered Shitou and ordered his old credential of authority retrieved. Tao Kan smiled and said: "Su Wu's tally did not look quite like that." Wang Dao flushed with embarrassment. On dinghai, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
60
張健疑弘徽等貳於己，皆殺之，帥舟師自延陵將入吳興。 乙未，揚烈將軍王允之與戰，大破之，獲男女萬餘口。 健復與韓晃、馬雄等輕軍西趨故鄣，郗鑒遣軍李閎追之，及於平陵山，皆斬之。
Zhang Jian suspected Hong Hui and the others of plotting against him, killed them all, and led his fleet from Yanling toward Wuxing. On yiwei, General Who Displays Majesty Wang Yunzhi gave battle and crushed him, taking more than ten thousand captives, men and women together. Zhang Jian fled again with Han Huang, Ma Xiong, and others at the head of a light force west toward Gucheng. Xi Jian sent Li Hong in pursuit. At Pingling Mountain he caught up with them and had them all beheaded.
61
是時宮闕灰燼，以建平園為宮。 溫嶠欲遷都豫章，三吳之豪請都會稽，二論紛紜未決。 司徒導曰：「孫仲謀、劉玄德俱言：『建康，王者之宅。』 古之帝王，不必以豐儉移都。 苟務本節用，何憂凋弊！ 若農事不修，則樂土為墟矣。 且北寇遊魂，伺我之隙，一旦示弱，竄於蠻越，求之望實，懼非良計。 今特宜鎮之以靜，群情自安。」 由是不復徙都。 以褚翜為丹楊尹。 時兵火之後，民物凋殘，翜收集散亡，京邑遂安。
The palace complexes had been burned to ash, and the court made Jianping Garden its residence. Wen Jiao wanted to move the capital to Yuzhang, while the great families of the Three Wu pressed for Kuaiji. The two camps argued without resolution. Grand Steward Wang Dao said: "Sun Quan and Liu Bei both declared that Jiankang is the seat fit for a true king. Ancient emperors did not relocate their capitals simply because the land was rich or poor. If we hold to the root and practice thrift, why fear exhaustion? If farming is neglected, even fertile country turns to wasteland. And the northern enemy still haunts the borders, watching for our weakness. If we suddenly show fear and flee deep into the southern wilds, we may lose both face and strength. I do not think that is wise. Now is the time to steady the realm with calm. Then the people's hearts will settle of their own accord." On that basis the court abandoned the plan to move the capital. Chu Shao was appointed Prefect of Danyang. In the aftermath of the fighting, people and property lay in ruins. Chu Shao gathered the displaced and the destitute, and the capital region gradually recovered its order.
62
壬寅，以湘州並荊州。
On renyin, Xiang Province was merged into Jing Province.
63
三月，壬子，論平蘇峻功，以陶侃為侍中、太尉，封長沙郡公，加都督交、廣、寧州諸軍事； 郗鑒為侍中、司空、南昌縣公； 溫嶠為驃騎將軍、開府儀同三司，加散騎常侍、始安郡公； 陸曄進爵江陵公； 自餘賜爵侯、伯、子、男者甚眾。 卞壼及二子□□、盱、醒彝、劉超、鐘雅、羊曼、陶瞻，皆加贈謚。 路永、匡術、賈寧，皆蘇峻之黨也； 峻未敗，永等去峻歸朝廷，王導欲賞以官爵。 溫嶠曰：「永等皆峻之腹心，首為亂階，罪莫大焉。 晚雖改悟，未足以贖前罪； 得全首領，為幸多矣，豈可復褒寵之哉！」 導乃止。
In the third month, on renzi, when the court reviewed the merits of suppressing Su Jun, Tao Kan was made Palace Attendant and Grand Commandant, enfeoffed Duke of Changsha Commandery, and given overall command of military affairs in Jiao, Guang, and Ning provinces; Xi Jian was made Palace Attendant and Minister of Works, and enfeoffed Count of Nanchang County; Wen Jiao was made Flying Cavalry General with authority equal to the Three Excellencies, additionally Regular Palace Attendant, and enfeoffed Duke of Shi'an Commandery; Lu Ye was promoted to Duke of Jiangling; countless others received ranks from marquis down to baron. Bian Huai and his two sons □□ and Xu, Xing Yi, Liu Chao, Zhong Ya, Yang Man, and Tao Zhan were all granted posthumous honorific titles. Lu Yong, Kuang Shu, and Jia Ning had all belonged to Su Jun's faction. Before Su Jun's defeat, they had broken with him and returned to the court. Wang Dao wanted to reward them with offices and titles. Wen Jiao said: "These men were Su Jun's closest confidants and the first to stir rebellion. Their guilt could hardly be greater. They may have repented at the end, but that is not enough to wipe away their earlier crimes; that they kept their heads is already more mercy than they deserved. How can we honor them again?" Wang Dao dropped the matter.
64
陶侃以江陵偏遠，移鎮巴陵。 朝議欲留溫嶠輔政，嶠以王導先帝所任，固辭還籓； 又以京邑荒殘，資用不給，乃留資蓄，具器用，而後旋於武昌。
Tao Kan, finding Jiangling too distant, shifted his headquarters to Baling. The court debated keeping Wen Jiao in the capital to help govern, but Jiao held that Wang Dao had been the late emperor's choice and firmly refused, returning to his post on the frontier; Finding the capital wasted and supplies scarce, he left behind provisions and equipment before withdrawing to Wuchang.
65
帝之出石頭也，庾亮見帝，稽顙哽咽，詔亮與大臣俱升御座。 明日，亮復泥首謝罪，乞骸骨，欲闔門投竄山海。 帝遣尚書、侍中手詔慰喻曰：「此社稷之難，非舅之責也。」 亮上疏自陳：「祖約、蘇峻縱肆凶逆，罪由臣發，寸斬屠戮，不足以謝七廟之靈，塞四海之責。 朝廷復何理齒臣於人次，臣亦何顏自次於人理！ 願陛下雖垂寬宥，全其首領； 猶宜棄之，任其自存自沒，則天下粗知勸戒之綱矣。」 優詔不許。 亮又欲遁逃山海，自暨陽東出； 詔有司錄奪舟船。 亮乃求外鎮自效，出為都督豫州、揚州之江西、宣城諸軍事、豫州刺史，領宣城內史，鎮蕪湖。
When the emperor left Shitou, Yu Liang came before him, kowtowed in tears, and was summoned with the senior ministers to take seats beside the throne. The next day Liang again prostrated himself to beg forgiveness, asked to resign, and wished to take his whole household and vanish into the wilds. The emperor sent the Master of Writing and a Palace Attendant with a personal edict of consolation, saying, "This was a calamity for the realm—not your fault, Uncle." Liang then memorialized the throne: "Zu Yue and Su Jun ran riot in treachery because of me. Even to be hacked limb from limb and put to death would not atone to the imperial ancestors or satisfy the realm. How could the court again rank me among officials? How could I face taking my place among men! Though Your Majesty may show mercy and spare my life, you should still cast me aside and let me live or die as fate wills—then the realm would at least grasp the lesson of warning and restraint." An edict of clemency refused his request. Liang again tried to flee into exile, setting out east from Jiyang; An edict ordered officials to seize his boats. Liang then asked for a frontier post where he could redeem himself. He was sent out as Grand Commander of Yuzhou, Jiangxi of Yangzhou, and Xuancheng; Governor of Yuzhou; concurrent Administrator of Xuancheng; and stationed at Wuhu.
66
陶侃、溫嶠之討蘇峻也，移檄征、鎮，使各引兵入援。 湘州刺史益陽侯卞敦擁兵不赴，又不給軍糧，遣督護將數百人隨大軍而已，朝野莫不怪歎。 及峻平，陶侃奏敦阻軍，顧望不赴國難，請檻車收付廷尉。 王導以喪亂之後，宜加寬宥，轉敦安南將軍、廣州刺史； 病不赴，征為光祿大夫、領少府。 敦憂愧而卒，追贈本官，加散騎常侍，謚曰敬。
When Tao Kan and Wen Jiao marched against Su Jun, they issued a call to arms to the provincial governors and frontier commanders, ordering each to bring troops to the rescue. Bian Dun, Governor of Xiangzhou and Marquis of Yiyang, kept his army at home and sent no grain—only a few hundred men under a superintendent to march with the main force. Court and country alike were astonished. After Su Jun was defeated, Tao Kan memorialized that Dun had blocked his army and hung back from the national crisis, asking that he be taken in a prison cart to the Minister of Justice. Wang Dao, arguing that mercy was due after such devastation, transferred Dun to General Who Pacifies the South and Governor of Guangzhou; Too ill to take up the post, he was recalled as Grand Master for Splendid Happiness and concurrent Director of the Palace Stores. Dun died of shame and grief. He was posthumously restored to his former rank, given the additional title Regular Attendant of the Dispersal Cavalry, and granted the posthumous name Reverent.
67
臣光曰：「庾亮以外戚輔政，首發禍機，國破君危，竄身苟免； 卞敦位列方鎮，兵糧俱足，朝廷顛覆，坐觀勝負。 人臣之罪，孰大於此！ 既不能明正典刑，又以寵祿報之，晉室無政，亦可知矣。 任是責者，豈非王導乎！
Minister Guang writes: "Yu Liang, a maternal kinsman in power, set catastrophe in motion; the realm was shattered and the emperor imperiled, yet he saved his own skin; Bian Dun held a frontier command with ample troops and grain, yet when the court collapsed he sat back and watched the fight. What ministerial crime could be greater! Unable to punish them by law, the court instead heaped honors upon them—little wonder the Jin had lost all governance. Who bore responsibility for this if not Wang Dao!
68
徙高密王紘為彭城王。 紘，雄之弟也。
Prince Hong of Gaomi was reassigned as Prince of Pengcheng. Hong was the younger brother of Xiong.
69
夏，四月，乙未，始安忠武公溫嶠卒，葬於豫章。 朝廷欲為之造大墓於元、明二帝陵之北，太尉侃上表曰：「嶠忠誠著於聖世，勳義感於人神。 使亡而有知，豈樂今日勞費之事！ 願陛下慈恩，停其移葬。」 詔從之。
In summer, the fourth month, on yiwei, Wen Jiao, Duke of Shi'an and styled Faithful and Martial, died and was buried in Yuzhang. The court planned a grand tomb for him north of the tombs of Emperors Yuan and Ming. Grand Commandant Kan memorialized: "Jiao's loyalty shone in this enlightened age; his merit moved both men and spirits. If the dead have awareness, would he welcome such costly labor today! I beg Your Majesty in mercy to halt the reburial." The emperor agreed.
70
以平南軍司劉胤為江州刺史。 陶侃、郗鑒皆言胤非方伯才，司徒導不從。 或謂導子悅曰：「今大難之後，紀綱弛頓。 自江陵至於建康三千餘里，流民萬計，布在江州。 江州，國之南籓，要害之地，而胤以□侈之性，臥而對之，不有外變，必有內患矣。」 悅曰：「此溫平南之意也。」
Liu Yin, Army Inspector of Pingnan, was appointed Governor of Jiangzhou. Tao Kan and Chi Jian both said Yin was unfit for a regional command, but Minister of Works Dao would not listen. Someone said to Dao's son Yue: "After the great crisis, order has collapsed. From Jiangling to Jiankang stretches more than three thousand li, with tens of thousands of displaced people scattered across Jiangzhou. Jiangzhou is the realm's southern rampart and a place of critical importance, yet Yin meets it with an extravagant temperament, reclining at ease. If no outside disaster strikes, an internal one surely will." Yue replied, "That is Wen Pingnan's view."
71
秋，八月，趙南陽王胤帥眾數萬自上邽趣長安，隴東、武都、安定、新平、北地、扶風、始平諸郡戎、夏皆起兵應之。 胤軍於仲橋； 石生嬰城自守，後趙中山公虎帥騎二萬救之。 九月，虎大破趙兵於義渠，胤奔還上邽。 虎乘勝追擊，枕屍千里。 上邽潰，虎執趙太子熙、南陽王胤及其將王公卿校以下三千餘人，皆殺之，徙其台省文武、關東流民、秦雍大族九千餘人於襄國； 又坑五郡屠各五千餘人於洛陽。 進攻集木且羌於河西，克之，俘獲數萬，秦、隴悉平。 氐王蒲洪、羌酋姚戈仲俱降於虎，虎表洪監六夷軍事，弋仲為六夷左都督。 徙氐、羌十五萬落於司、冀州。
In autumn, the eighth month, Yin, Prince of Nanyang of Zhao, led tens of thousands from Shanggui toward Chang'an. Longdong, Wudu, Anding, Xinping, Beidi, Fufeng, Shiping, and other commanderies—barbarian and Han alike—all took up arms in his support. Yin encamped at Zhongqiao; Shi Sheng barricaded himself in the city, and Hu, Duke of Zhongshan of Later Zhao, led twenty thousand cavalry to relieve him. In the ninth month Hu routed the Zhao army at Yiqu, and Yin fled back to Shanggui. Hu pressed the pursuit, and corpses lay stacked for a thousand li. Shanggui fell. Hu seized Zhao crown prince Xi, Prince of Nanyang Yin, and more than three thousand of their generals, nobles, ministers, and officers, and put them all to death. He relocated over nine thousand court officials, displaced people from east of the passes, and great clans of Qin and Yong to Xiangguo; He also buried alive more than five thousand Tuge tribesmen from five commanderies at Luoyang. He advanced against the Jimumu Qiang west of the river, defeated them, and took tens of thousands captive. Qin and Long were fully pacified. Pu Hong, king of the Di, and Yao Gezhong, chieftain of the Qiang, both surrendered to Hu. Hu memorialized Hong to supervise the military affairs of the six barbarian peoples and appointed Gezhong Left Director of the Six Barbarians. He relocated one hundred fifty thousand Di and Qiang households to Si and Ji provinces.
72
初，隴西鮮卑乞伏述延居於苑川，侵並鄰部，士馬強盛。 及趙亡，述延懼，遷於麥田。 述延卒，子辱大寒立； 辱大寒立； 大寒卒，子司繁立。
Earlier, Qifu Shuyan of the Longxi Xianbei had settled at Yuanchuan, encroaching on neighboring tribes until his forces grew powerful. When Zhao fell, Shuyan grew afraid and moved to Maitian. Shuyan died, and his son Ruhannu succeeded him; Ruhannu succeeded; Hannu died, and his son Sifan succeeded.
73
江州刺史劉胤矜豪日甚，專務商販，殖財百萬，縱酒耽樂，不恤政事。 冬，十二月，詔征後將軍郭默為右軍將軍。 默樂為邊將，不願宿衛，以情訴於胤。 胤曰：「此非小人之所及也。」 默將赴召，求資於胤，胤不與，默由是怨胤。 胤長史張滿等素輕默，或裸露見之，默常切齒。 臘日，胤餉默豚酒，默對信投之水中。 會有司奏：「今朝廷空竭，百官無祿，惟資江州運漕，而胤商旅繼路，以私廢公，請免胤官。」 書下，胤不即歸罪，方自申理。 僑人蓋肫掠人女為妻，張滿使還其家，肫不從，而謂郭默曰：「劉江州不受免，密有異圖，與張滿等日夜計議，惟忌郭侯一人，欲先除之。」 默以為然，帥其徒候旦門開襲胤。 胤將吏欲拒默，默呵之曰：「我被詔有所討，動者誅三族！」 遂入至內寢，牽胤下，斬之； 出，取胤僚佐張滿等，誣以大逆，悉斬之。 傳胤首於京師，詐作詔書，宣示內外。 掠胤女及諸妾並金寶還船，初雲下都，既而停胤故府。 招引譙國內史桓宣，宣固守不從。
Liu Yin, Governor of Jiangzhou, grew ever more arrogant. He devoted himself to trade, amassed a fortune of a million, drowned himself in wine and pleasure, and neglected all affairs of government. In winter, the twelfth month, an edict summoned Rear General Guo Mo to serve as General of the Right Army. Mo preferred frontier service and did not wish to guard the capital. He appealed to Yin on personal grounds. Yin said, "That is beyond the reach of petty men." As Mo prepared to answer the summons, he asked Yin for funds. Yin refused, and Mo came to resent him. Zhang Man, Yin's chief clerk, and others had long looked down on Mo, sometimes receiving him while half dressed. Mo often gnashed his teeth in fury. On the La festival day Yin sent Guo Mo pork and wine. Mo faced the messenger and flung the gifts into the water. Just then officials memorialized: "The court is bankrupt and officials unpaid; only Jiangzhou grain transport keeps us alive, yet Yin fills the roads with his merchants, putting private gain ahead of public duty. We ask that he be removed from office." When the order arrived, Yin did not at once accept guilt but was still arguing his case. Gai Tun, a displaced resident, had abducted a man's daughter as his wife. Zhang Man ordered her returned; Tun refused, and told Guo Mo, "Governor Liu of Jiangzhou has not accepted dismissal. He secretly plots rebellion and deliberates day and night with Zhang Man and the rest. He fears only you, Lord Guo, and means to eliminate you first." Mo believed him. He led his men to wait at dawn for the gates to open, then attacked Yin. Yin's officers tried to resist, but Mo shouted, "I act under imperial orders! Move, and three generations of your family die!" He entered the inner quarters, dragged Yin down, and beheaded him; He then seized Zhang Man and Yin's other aides, falsely charged them with high treason, and executed them all. He sent Yin's head to the capital, forged an edict, and proclaimed it throughout the realm. He seized Yin's daughter, his concubines, and their gold and jewels and returned to his ship. At first he said he would go to the capital, then stayed at Yin's former residence instead. He tried to win over Huan Xuan, Administrator of Qiao, but Xuan held firm and refused.
74
是歲，賀蘭部及諸大人共立拓跋翳槐為代王，代王紇那奔宇文部。 翳槐遣其弟什翼犍質於趙以請和。
That year the Helan tribe and other chieftains jointly installed Tuoba Yihuai as king of Dai. The former king, Henan, fled to the Yuwen tribe. Yihuai sent his younger brother Shiyijian to Zhao as a hostage to sue for peace.
75
河南王吐延，雄勇多猜忌，羌酋姜聰刺之； 吐延不抽劍，召其將紇扢泥，使輔其子葉延，保於白蘭，抽劍而死。 葉延孝而好學，以為禮「公孫之子得以王父字為氏」，乃自號其國曰吐谷渾。
Tuyan, king of Henan, was bold and fierce but deeply suspicious. Qiang chieftain Jiang Cong stabbed him; Tuyan did not pull out the blade. He summoned his general Hegani, entrusted his son Yeyan to his care, and ordered him to hold Bailan. Then he drew the sword and died. Yeyan was filial and loved learning. Citing the rite that "a grandson may take his grandfather's courtesy name as his clan name," he named his realm Tuyuhun.
76
顯宗成皇帝上之下咸和五年（ 庚寅，公元三三零年）
Under the Illustrious Ancestor, Emperor Cheng—the lower portion—fifth year of Xianhe ( gengyin, corresponding to the year 330 CE)
77
春，正月，劉胤首至建康。 司徒導以郭默驍勇難制，己亥，大赦，梟胤首於大航，以默為江州刺史。 太尉侃聞之，投袂起曰：「此必詐也。」 即將兵討之。 默遣使送妓妾及絹，並寫中詔呈侃。 參佐多諫曰：「默不被詔，豈敢為此！ 若欲進軍，宜待詔報。」 侃厲色曰：「國家年幼，詔令不出胸懷。 劉胤為朝廷所禮，雖方任非才，何緣猥加極刑！ 郭默恃勇，所在貪暴； 以大難新除，禁網寬簡，欲因際會騁其從橫耳！」 發使上表言狀，且與導書曰：「郭默殺方州即用為方州，害宰相便為宰相乎？」 導乃收胤首，答侃書曰：「默據上流之勢，加有船艦成資，故苞含隱忍，使有其地，朝廷得以潛嚴； 俟足下軍到，風發相赴，豈非遵養時晦以定大事者邪！」 侃笑曰：「是乃遵養時賊也！」
In spring, the first month, Liu Yin's head arrived at Jiankang. Minister of Works Dao, finding Guo Mo too fierce to control easily, on jihai proclaimed a general amnesty, displayed Yin's head at Dahang, and appointed Mo Governor of Jiangzhou. When Grand Commandant Kan heard this, he flung aside his sleeve and rose, saying, "This must be a fraud." At once he prepared to march against him. Mo sent envoys with courtesans, silk, and a copy of the palace edict to present to Kan. Many of his staff urged caution: "If Mo had no edict, how would he dare do this! If you mean to advance, wait for confirmation from the court." Kan said sternly, "The emperor is young. Edicts do not spring from a general's breast. Liu Yin was a man the court honored. Even if he was unfit for his post, what grounds were there to execute him so brutally! Guo Mo trusts in his courage and is greedy and violent wherever he goes; With the great crisis just past and discipline still lax, he means to seize the moment and run wild!" He sent envoys to memorialize the facts and wrote to Dao: "Guo Mo kills a regional governor and is made regional governor at once. Kill a chancellor, and one becomes chancellor too?" Dao then had Yin's head taken down and replied: "Mo holds the upper Yangzi and a ready fleet. We endured and indulged him so the court could quietly prepare; When your army arrives we shall strike together—is that not biding one's time in obscurity to settle a great affair!" Kan laughed. "That is biding one's time for the bandit!"
78
豫州刺史庾亮亦請討默。 詔加亮征討都督，帥步騎二萬往與侃會。
Yu Liang, Governor of Yuzhou, also asked to campaign against Mo. An edict made Liang commander of the punitive expedition and ordered him to lead twenty thousand infantry and cavalry to join Kan.
79
西陽太守鄧岳、武昌太守劉詡皆疑桓宣與默同。 豫州西曹王隨曰：「宣尚不附祖約，豈肯同郭默邪！」 岳、詡遣隨詣宣觀之，隨說宣曰：「明府心雖不爾，無以自明，惟有以賢子付隨耳！」 宣乃遣其子戎與隨俱迎陶侃。 侃辟戎為手彖，上宣為武昌太守。
Deng Yue, Administrator of Xiyang, and Liu Xu, Administrator of Wuchang, both suspected Huan Xuan was in league with Mo. Wang Sui, Western Clerk of Yuzhou, said, "Xuan would not even side with Zu Yue—how would he join Guo Mo! Yue and Xu sent Sui to observe Xuan. Sui told him, "My lord, even if your heart is innocent, you cannot prove it unless you entrust your worthy son to me!" Xuan then sent his son Rong with Sui to welcome Tao Kan. Kan appointed Rong as his personal secretary and memorialized Xuan as Administrator of Wuchang.
80
二月，後趙群臣請後趙王勒即皇帝位； 勒乃稱大趙天王，行皇帝事。 立妃劉氏為王后，世子弘為太子。 以其子宏為驃騎大將軍、都督中外諸軍事、大單于，封秦王； 斌為左衛將軍，封太原王； 恢為輔國將軍，封南陽王。 以中山公虎為太尉、尚書令，進爵為王； 虎子邃為冀州刺史，封齊王； 宣為左將軍； 挺為侍中，封梁王。 又封石生為河東王，石堪為彭城王。 以左長史郭敖為尚書左僕射，右長史程遐為右僕射、領吏部尚書，左司馬夔安、右司馬郭殷、從事中郎李鳳、前郎中令裴憲，皆為尚書，參軍事徐光為中書令、領秘書監。 自餘文武，封拜各有差。
In the second month, the ministers of Later Zhao asked King Le to take the imperial throne; Le then styled himself Heavenly King of Great Zhao and ruled as emperor in all but name. He made Consort Liu queen and his heir Hong crown prince. He appointed his son Hong General of Agile Cavalry, Grand Commander of all military affairs, and Grand Chanyu, and enfeoffed him as Prince of Qin; Bin was made General of the Left Guard and enfeoffed as Prince of Taiyuan; Hui was made General Who Assists the State and enfeoffed as Prince of Nanyang. Hu, Duke of Zhongshan, was made Grand Commandant and Director of the Masters of Writing and raised to princely rank; Hu's son Sui was appointed Governor of Jizhou and enfeoffed as Prince of Qi; Xuan was made General of the Left; Ting was made Palace Attendant and enfeoffed as Prince of Liang. Shi Sheng was also enfeoffed as Prince of Hedong and Shi Kan as Prince of Pengcheng. Left Chief Clerk Guo Ao was made Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing; Right Chief Clerk Cheng Xia was made Right Vice Director and concurrent Director of the Ministry of Personnel; Left Major Kui An, Right Major Guo Yin, Attendant Cadet Li Feng, and former Director of Palace Attendants Pei Xian were all appointed Masters of Writing; and Staff Officer Xu Guang was made Director of the Palace Secretariat and concurrent Supervisor of the Palace Library. The remaining civil and military officials received promotions and appointments according to their rank.
81
中山王虎怒，私謂齊王邃曰：「主上自都襄國以來，端拱仰成，以吾身當矢石，二十餘年，南擒劉岳，北走索頭，東平齊、魯，西定秦、雍，克十有三州。 成大趙之業者，我也； 大單于當以授我，今乃以與黃吻婢兒，念之令人氣塞，不能寢食！ 待主上晏駕之後，不足復留種也。」
Prince of Zhongshan Hu was furious. In private he told Prince of Qi Sui, "Since the lord above made Xiangguo his capital, he has sat back and let others do the work, while I have faced arrows and stones for more than twenty years—capturing Liu Yue in the south, driving off the Xianbei in the north, pacifying Qi and Lu in the east, settling Qin and Yong in the west, and conquering thirteen provinces. I am the one who built Great Zhao; The title of Grand Chanyu should have been mine, yet it goes to a yellow-mouthed boy. The thought chokes me with rage—I cannot sleep or eat! When the lord above dies, there will be no need to leave any of them alive."
82
程遐言於勒曰：「天下粗定，當顯明逆順，故漢高祖赦季布，斬丁公。 大王自起兵以來，見忠於其君者輒褒之，背叛不臣者輒誅之，此天下所以歸盛德也。 今祖約猶存，臣竊惑之。」 安西將軍姚弋仲亦以為言。 勒乃收約，並其親屬中外百餘人悉誅之，妻妾兒女分賜諸胡。
Cheng Xia said to Le, "The realm is nearly settled, and loyalty and treason must be made clear. That is why Emperor Gaozu of Han pardoned Ji Bu and executed Duke Ding. Since Your Majesty took up arms, you have always rewarded loyalty and punished treason. That is why the realm submits to your great virtue. Yet Zu Yue still lives, and I find that hard to understand." General Who Pacifies the West Yao Gezhong said the same. Le then seized Yue and executed him together with more than a hundred of his kin. Their wives, concubines, and children were distributed among the various barbarian peoples.
83
初，祖逖有胡奴曰王安，逖甚愛之。 在雍丘，謂安曰：「石勒是汝種類，吾亦無在爾一人。」 厚資送而遣之。 安以勇干，仕趙，為左衛將軍。 及約之誅，安歎曰：「豈可使祖土稚無後乎？」 乃往就市觀刑。 逖庶子道重，始十歲，安竊取以歸，匿之，變服為沙門。 及石氏亡，道重複歸江南。
Earlier, Zu Ti had a Hu slave named Wang An whom he greatly favored. At Yongqiu he told An, "Shi Le is of your people, and I have no one else to leave you with." He gave him generous provisions and sent him on his way. An, through courage and ability, entered Zhao's service and rose to General of the Left Guard. When Yue was executed, An sighed, "How can Zu Tuzhi be left without heirs?" He went to the marketplace to watch the execution. Ti's son by a concubine, Daozhong, was only ten. An secretly took him away, hid him, and disguised him as a monk. When the Shi clan fell, Daozhong returned to the south.
84
郭默欲南據豫章，會太尉侃兵至，默出戰，不利，入城固守，聚米為壘，以示有餘。 侃築土山臨之。 三月，庾亮兵至湓口，諸軍大集。 夏，五月，乙卯，默將宋侯縛默父子出降。 侃斬默於軍門，傳首建康，同黨死者四十人。 詔以侃都督江州，領刺史； 以鄧岳督交、廣諸軍事，領廣州刺史。 侃還巴陵，因移鎮武昌。 庾亮還蕪湖，辭爵賞不受。
Guo Mo tried to hold Yuzhang in the south, but when Grand Commandant Kan's army arrived, Mo gave battle, was defeated, and retreated into the city. He piled rice into ramparts to feign abundance. Kan built earthen mounds overlooking the city. In the third month Yu Liang's troops reached Pankou, and the armies massed. In summer, the fifth month, on yimao, Mo's general Song Hou bound Mo and his son and surrendered. Kan beheaded Mo at the army gate and sent his head to Jiankang. Forty of his accomplices were executed. An edict made Kan Grand Commander of Jiangzhou and concurrent governor; Deng Yue was made supervisor of military affairs in Jiao and Guang and concurrent Governor of Guangzhou. Kan returned to Baling and then moved his headquarters to Wuchang. Yu Liang returned to Wuhu and declined all titles and rewards.
85
趙將劉征帥眾數千，浮海抄東南諸縣，殺南沙都尉許儒。
Zhao general Liu Zheng led several thousand men by sea to raid counties in the southeast and killed Nansha Commandant Xu Ru.
86
張駿因前趙之亡，復收河南地，至於狄道，置五屯護軍，與趙分境。 六月，趙遣鴻臚孟毅拜駿征西大將軍、涼州牧，加九錫。 駿恥為之臣，不受，留毅不遣。
Taking advantage of Former Zhao's fall, Zhang Jun recovered Henan territory as far as Didao, established five garrison protectors, and drew a border with Zhao. In the sixth month Zhao sent Grand Master of Ceremonies Meng Yi to invest Jun as General Who Conquers the West and Governor of Liangzhou, with the Nine Bestowals. Jun was ashamed to become Zhao's subject, refused the investiture, and detained Yi.
87
初，丁零翟斌，世居康居，後徙中國，至是入朝於趙； 趙以斌為句町王。
Earlier, Zhai Bin of the Dingling had long lived in Kangju before moving into China. At this time he came to court in Zhao; Zhao made Bin King of Gouding.
88
趙群臣固請正尊號，秋，九月，趙王勒即皇帝位。 大赦，改元建平。 文武封進各有差。 立其妻劉氏為皇后，太子弘為皇太子。
Zhao's ministers pressed for the full imperial title. In autumn, the ninth month, King Le took the throne as emperor. He proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the era name to Jianping. Civil and military officials received promotions and enfeoffments according to rank. He made his wife Lady Liu empress and crown prince Hong heir apparent.
89
弘好屬文，親敬儒素。 勒謂徐光曰：「大雅愔愔，殊不似將家子。」 光曰：「漢祖以馬上取天下，孝文以玄默守之。 聖人之後，必有勝殘去殺者，天之道也。」 勒甚悅。 光因說曰：「皇太子仁孝溫恭，中山王雄暴多詐，陛下一旦不諱，臣恐社稷非太子所有也。 宜漸奪中山王權，使太子早參朝政。」 勒心然之，而未能從。
Hong loved literary composition and personally honored Confucian scholars. Le said to Xu Guang, "Daya is gentle and quiet—nothing like a general's son." Guang said, "Emperor Gaozu of Han took the realm on horseback; Emperor Xiaowen kept it through quiet restraint. After a sage must come one who overcomes cruelty and ends killing—that is Heaven's way." Le was greatly pleased. Guang then urged him, "The crown prince is benevolent, filial, gentle, and respectful, but the Prince of Zhongshan is fierce, violent, and deceitful. If Your Majesty should die, I fear the realm will not belong to the crown prince. You should gradually strip the Prince of Zhongshan of power and let the crown prince take part in government early." Le agreed in his heart but could not bring himself to act.
90
趙荊州監軍郭敬寇襄陽。 南中郎將周撫監沔北軍事，屯襄陽。 趙主勒以驛書敕敬退屯樊城，使之偃藏旗幟，寂若無人，曰：「彼若使人觀察，則告之曰：『汝宜自愛堅守，後七八日，大騎將至，相策，不復得走矣。』」 敬使人浴馬於津，週而復始，晝夜不絕。 偵者還以告周撫，撫以為趙兵大至，懼，奔武昌。 敬入襄陽，中州流民悉降於趙； 魏該弟遐帥其部眾自石城降敬。 敬毀襄陽城，遷其民於沔北，城樊城以戍之。 趙以敬為荊州刺史。 周撫坐免官。
Guo Jing, Zhao's army supervisor in Jingzhou, raided Xiangyang. Southern Palace Gentleman Zhou Fu supervised military affairs north of the Mian River and was stationed at Xiangyang. Zhao ruler Le sent an urgent dispatch ordering Jing to withdraw to Fancheng, hide his flags and banners, and act as if no one were there. He said, "If they send scouts, tell them, 'Take care and hold firm—in seven or eight days great cavalry will arrive. Once we join forces, you will not be able to escape.' Jing had men wash horses at the ford in an endless cycle, day and night." Scouts returned and reported to Zhou Fu. Believing a great Zhao army had arrived, Fu fled in fear to Wuchang. Jing entered Xiangyang, and displaced people from the central provinces all surrendered to Zhao; Wei Gai's younger brother Xia led his followers from Shicheng to surrender to Jing. Jing destroyed Xiangyang, moved its people north of the Mian River, and fortified Fancheng as a garrison. Zhao appointed Jing Governor of Jingzhou. Zhou Fu was dismissed from office.
91
休屠王羌叛趙，趙河東王生擊破之，羌奔涼州。 西平公駿懼，遣孟毅還，使其長史馬詵稱臣入貢於趙。
King Qiang of Xiutu rebelled against Zhao. Prince of Hedong Sheng defeated him, and Qiang fled to Liangzhou. Duke of Xiping Jun grew afraid, sent Meng Yi back, and had his chief clerk Ma Shen declare himself Zhao's subject and pay tribute.
92
更造新宮。 甲辰，徙樂成王欽為河間王，封彭城王紘子浚為高密王。
A new palace was built. On jiachen, Prince of Lecheng Qin was reassigned as Prince of Hejian, and Prince of Pengcheng Hong's son Jun was enfeoffed as Prince of Gaomi.
93
冬，十月，成大將軍壽督征南將軍費黑等攻巴東建平，拔之。 巴東太守楊謙、監軍毌丘奧退保宜都。
In winter, the tenth month, Grand General Shou supervised General Who Conquers the South Fei Hei and others in an attack on Jianping in Badong and captured it. Badong Administrator Yang Qian and army supervisor Guanqiu Ao withdrew to hold Yidu.
94
顯宗成皇帝上之下咸和六年（ 辛卯，公元三三一年）
Under the Illustrious Ancestor, Emperor Cheng—the lower portion—sixth year of Xianhe ( xinmao, corresponding to the year 331 CE)
95
春，正月，趙劉征復寇婁縣，掠武進，郗鑒擊卻之。
In spring, the first month, Zhao's Liu Zheng again raided Lou County and plundered Wujin. Chi Jian drove him back.
96
三月，壬戌朔，日有食之。
In the third month, on the first day renxu, there was a solar eclipse.
97
夏，趙主勒如鄴，將營新宮； 廷尉上黨續咸苦諫，勒怒，欲斬之。 中書令徐光曰：「咸言不可用，亦當容之，奈何一旦以直言斬列卿乎！」 勒歎曰：「為人君，不得自專如是乎！ 匹夫家貲滿百匹，猶欲市宅，況富有四海乎！ 此宮終當營之，且敕停作，以成吾直臣之氣。」 因賜咸絹百匹，稻百斛。 又詔公卿以下歲舉賢良方正，仍令舉人得更相薦引，以廣求賢之路。 起明堂、辟雍、靈台於襄國城西。
In summer Zhao ruler Le went to Ye, intending to build a new palace; Minister of Justice Xian Xian remonstrated bitterly. Le grew angry and wanted to behead him. Director of the Palace Secretariat Xu Guang said, "Even if Xian's advice cannot be followed, it should still be tolerated. How can you execute a ranked minister for speaking plainly!" Le sighed, "As ruler, can I not decide such things for myself! A common man with a hundred bolts of cloth still wants to buy a house—how much more one who owns the four seas! This palace will be built in the end, but for now I order construction halted to honor my upright minister." He then bestowed on Xian a hundred bolts of silk and a hundred hu of rice. He also ordered officials from dukes and ministers downward to recommend worthy and upright men each year, and allowed recommenders to refer one another, broadening the path for seeking talent. He raised the Bright Hall, Imperial Academy, and Spirit Terrace west of Xiangguo.
98
秋，七月，成大將軍壽攻陰平、武都，楊難敵降之。
In autumn, the seventh month, Grand General Shou attacked Yinping and Wudu, and Yang Nandi surrendered.
99
九月，趙主勒復營鄴宮，以洛陽為南都，置行台。
In the ninth month Zhao ruler Le again built the palace at Ye, made Luoyang the southern capital, and established a mobile headquarters there.
100
冬，蒸祭太廟，詔歸胙於司徒導，且命無下拜； 導辭疾不敢當。 初，帝即位沖幼，每見導必拜，與導手詔則云「惶恐言」，中書作詔則曰「敬問」。 有司議：「元會日，帝應敬導不？」 博士郭熙、杜援議，以為：「禮無拜臣之文，謂宜除敬。」 侍中馮懷議，以為：「天子臨辟雍，拜三老，況先帝師傅！ 謂宜盡敬。」 侍中荀弈議，以為：「三朝之首，宜明君臣之體，則不應敬。 若他日小會，自可盡禮。」 詔從之。 弈，組之子也。
In winter, at the steam sacrifice in the Imperial Ancestral Temple, an edict sent sacrificial meat to Minister of Works Dao and ordered that he need not bow; Dao pleaded illness and dared not accept. Earlier, when the emperor took the throne he was still young. Whenever he saw Dao he bowed. In personal edicts to Dao he wrote, "I speak in trepidation," and when the Secretariat drafted edicts it said, "Respectfully inquiring." Officials deliberated: "On New Year's Day assembly, should the emperor show reverence to Dao?" Academicians Guo Xi and Du Yuan argued, "The rites contain no provision for bowing to a minister. Reverence should be removed." Palace Attendant Feng Huai argued, "When the Son of Heaven attends the Imperial Academy, he bows to the Three Elders—how much more the late emperor's tutor! Full reverence should be shown." Palace Attendant Xun Yi argued, "At the head of the Three Assemblies, the form of ruler and minister should be made clear. Reverence should not be shown. At lesser assemblies on other days, full ceremony may be observed." The emperor agreed. Yi was the son of Zu.
101
慕容廆遣使與太尉陶侃箋，勸以興兵北伐，共清中原。 僚屬宋該等共議，以「廆立功一隅，位卑任重，等差無別，不足以鎮華、夷，宜表請進廆官爵。」 參軍韓恆駁曰：「夫立功者患信義不著，不患名位不高。 桓、文有匡復之功，不先求禮命以令諸侯。 宜繕甲兵，除群凶，功成之後，九錫自至。 比於邀君以求寵，不亦榮乎！」 廆不悅，出恆為新昌令。 於是東夷校尉封抽等疏上侃府，請封廆為燕王，行大將軍事。 侃復書曰：「夫功成進爵，古之成制也。 車騎雖未能為官摧勒，然忠義竭誠； 今騰箋上聽，可不、遲速，當在天台也。」」
Murong Hui sent envoys with a letter to Grand Commandant Tao Kan, urging him to march north and together recover the Central Plains. His staff, Song Gai and others, argued: "Lord Hui has built merit on a distant frontier, yet his rank is low and his burden heavy, with no clear precedence among peers—he cannot command both Chinese and barbarians. We should petition to advance his titles and enfeoffment." Army Major Han Heng objected: "Those who win merit should fear that their faith and righteousness are not clear, not that their titles are too low. Duke Huan and Duke Wen restored the realm, yet they did not first seek formal appointment before commanding the feudal lords. Repair arms, destroy the villains, and when the work is done the Nine Bestowals will come unbidden. Surely that is nobler than courting the throne for favor!" Hui took offense and posted Heng out as magistrate of Xinchang. Then Colonel of the Eastern Yi Feng Chou and others memorialized Kan's headquarters to enfeoff Hui as King of Yan and grant him the powers of Grand General. Kan wrote back: "Advancement follows achievement—such is the ancient rule. Though the lord of chariots and cavalry cannot press the court for you, his loyalty is complete; his petition is now before the throne; whether it is granted, and how soon, lies with the Son of Heaven."”