1
【晉紀二十一】起重光大淵獻，盡閼逢攝提格，凡四年。
[Jin Records 21] This section covers four years, from the cyclical year Chongguang Dayuanxian through Yanfeng Shetige.
2
春，正月，丁酉，日有食之。
That spring, in the first month on the day dingyou, the sun was eclipsed.
3
苻健左長史賈玄碩等請依劉備稱漢中王故事，表健為都督關中諸軍事、大將軍、大單于、秦王。 健怒曰：「吾豈堪為秦王邪！ 且晉使未返，我之官爵，非汝曹所知也。」 既而密使梁安諷玄碩等上尊號，健辭讓再三，然後許之。 丙辰，健即天王、大單于位，國號大秦，大赦，改元皇始。 追尊父洪為武惠皇帝，廟號太祖； 立妻強氏為天王后，子萇為太子，靚為平原公，生為淮南公，覿為長樂公，方為高陽公，碩為北平公，騰為淮陽公，柳為晉公，桐為汝南公，廋為魏公，武為燕公，幼為趙公。 以苻雄為都督中外諸軍事、丞相、領車騎大將軍、雍州牧、東海公； 苻菁為衛大將軍、平昌公，宿衛二宮； 雷弱兒為太尉，毛貴為司空，略陽姜伯周為尚書令，梁楞為左僕射，王墮為右僕射，魚遵為太子太師，強平為太傅，段純為太保，呂婆樓為散騎常侍。 伯周，健之舅； 平，王后之弟； 婆樓，本略陽氐酋也。 段龕請以青州內附； 二月，戊寅，以龕為鎮北將軍，封齊公。
Jia Xuanshuo, Fu Jian's chief clerk on the left, and others urged him to follow Liu Bei's precedent in taking the title King of Hanzhong, and submitted a memorial appointing Jian Grand Commander of Guanzhong forces, Grand General, Great Chanyu, and King of Qin. Jian flew into a rage. "How dare you think me worthy of being King of Qin! Besides, the Jin envoy has not even returned yet—my rank and titles are none of your business." Secretly, however, he sent Liang An to coax Xuanshuo and the rest into pressing a higher title upon him. Jian refused three times before at last accepting. On the day bingchen, Jian took the throne as Heavenly King and Great Chanyu, named his realm Great Qin, proclaimed a general amnesty, and adopted the era name Huangshi. He posthumously ennobled his father Hong as Emperor Wuhui, with the temple name Taizu; His wife Lady Qiang became Heavenly Queen; Chang was named crown prince; and his sons received ducal titles—Jing as Duke of Pingyuan, Sheng of Huainan, Di of Changle, Fang of Gaoyang, Shuo of Beiping, Teng of Huaiyang, Liu of Jin, Tong of Runan, Sou of Wei, Wu of Yan, and You of Zhao. Fu Xiong was made supreme commander of all armies at home and abroad, chancellor, general of chariots and cavalry, governor of Yong Province, and Duke of Donghai; Fu Jing became defender-in-chief and Duke of Pingchang, charged with guarding both palaces; Lei Ruo'er became grand commandant; Mao Gui minister of works; Jiang Bozhou of Lueyang director of the secretariat; Liang Leng and Wang Duo left and right vice directors; Yu Zun grand tutor to the heir; Qiang Ping grand mentor; Duan Chun grand guardian; and Lü Polou attendant-in-ordinary. Bozhou was Jian's uncle on his mother's side; Ping was the queen's brother; Polou had once been a Di tribal chief in Lueyang. Duan Kan offered to bring Qing Province over to Qin allegiance; In the second month, on the day wuyin, Kan was appointed general who pacifies the north and created Duke of Qi.
4
魏主閔攻圍襄國百餘日，趙主祗危急，乃去皇帝之號，稱趙王； 遣太尉張舉乞師於燕，許送傳國璽，中軍將軍張春乞師於姚弋仲。 弋仲遣其子襄帥騎二萬八千救趙，誡之曰：「冉閔棄仁背義，屠滅石氏。 我受人厚遇，當為復仇，老病不能自行； 汝才十倍於閔，若不梟擒以來，不必復見我也！」 弋仲亦遣使告於燕，燕主俊遣御難將軍悅綰將兵三萬往會之。
Wei ruler Min had kept Xiangguo under siege for over a hundred days. Zhao ruler Zhi, hard pressed, dropped the imperial title and called himself merely King of Zhao; He sent Grand Commandant Zhang Ju to Yan to plead for aid, promising the imperial seal in return, while Central Army General Zhang Chun sought help from Yao Yizhong. Yizhong dispatched his son Xiang at the head of twenty-eight thousand cavalry to save Zhao, with this charge: "Ran Min has cast aside duty and betrayed his patrons, exterminating the house of Shi. They showed me great favor, and revenge is owed—but I am old and sick and cannot ride out myself; you are ten times the man Min is. Unless you bring him back in chains with his head on a pole, do not come back to me!" Yizhong also notified Yan. Yan ruler Jun sent General Yue Chuo with thirty thousand men to link up with the relief force.
5
冉閔聞俊欲救趙，遣大司馬從事中郎廣寧常煒使於燕。 俊使封裕詰之曰：「冉閔，石氏養息，負恩作逆，何敢輒稱大號？」 煒曰：「湯放桀，武王伐紂，以興商、周之業； 曹孟德養於宦官，莫知所出，卒立魏氏之基。 苟非天命，安能成功！ 推此而言，何必致問！」 裕曰：「人言冉閔初立，鑄金為己像，以卜成敗，而像不成，信乎？」 煒曰：「不聞。」 裕曰：「南來者皆云如是，何故隱之？」 煒曰：「奸偽之人欲矯天命以惑人者，乃假符瑞、托蓍龜以自重，魏主握符璽，據中州，受命何疑； 而更反真為偽，取決於金像乎！」 裕曰：「傳國璽果安在？」 煒曰：「在鄴」。 裕曰：「張舉言在襄國。」 煒曰：「殺胡之日，在鄴者殆無孑遺； 時有迸漏者，皆潛伏溝瀆中耳，彼安知璽之所在乎！ 彼求救者，為妄誕之辭，無所不可，況一璽乎！」
Learning that Jun meant to rescue Zhao, Ran Min dispatched Chang Wei of Guangning, an attendant in the grand marshal's office, to Yan as his envoy. Jun had Feng Yu challenge him: "Ran Min was a ward of the Shi family who repaid their kindness with treason—how dare he take a sovereign title for himself? Wei answered, "Tang drove out Jie; King Wu overthrew Zhou—by such acts the houses of Shang and Zhou rose to power; Cao Cao was brought up in a eunuch's household; no one knew his birth, yet he founded the Wei dynasty in the end. Without Heaven's mandate, how could any of them have triumphed? By that logic, why press the point at all?" Yu said, "People say that when Ran Min first seized power he cast a golden statue of himself to test his fortune, and the statue would not take shape—is that so? Wei said, "I have heard nothing of the sort." Yu pressed him: "Every traveler from the south says the same—why hide it? Wei replied, "Fraudsters who twist Heaven's will to deceive the people invent portents and lean on divination to puff themselves up. Our lord holds the imperial regalia and rules the heartland—his mandate is beyond question; yet you would call truth falsehood and judge him by a golden idol!" Yu asked, "Where is the imperial seal, really? Wei said, "At Ye." Yu said, "Zhang Ju claims it is at Xiangguo." Wei answered, "On the day of the Hu massacre, almost no one was left alive in Ye; any who slipped through the net cowered in ditches and drains—what would they know of where the seal lay! Men begging for rescue will say anything—no lie is too bold, and a seal is the least of it!"
6
俊猶以張舉之言為信，乃積柴其旁，使裕以其私誘之，曰：「君更熟思，無為徒取灰滅！」 煒正色曰：「石氏貪暴，親帥大兵攻燕國都。 雖不克而返，然志在必取。 故運資糧、聚器械於東北者，非以相資，乃欲相滅也。 魏主誅剪石氏，雖不為燕，臣子之心，聞仇讎之滅，義當如何？ 而更為彼責我，不亦異乎！ 吾聞死者骨肉下於土，精魂升於天。 蒙君之惠，速益薪縱火，使僕得上訴於帝足矣！」 左右請殺之，俊曰：「彼不憚殺身而徇其主，忠臣也！ 且冉閔有罪，使臣何預焉！」 使出就館。 夜，使其鄉人趙瞻往勞之，且曰：「君何不以實言？ 王怒，欲處君於遼、碣之表，奈何？」 煒曰：「吾結髮以來，尚不欺布衣，況人主乎！ 曲意苟合，性所不能。 直情盡言，雖沉東海，不敢避也！」 遂臥向壁，不復與瞻言。 瞻具以白俊，俊乃囚煒於龍城。
Jun still trusted Zhang Ju, so he heaped firewood beside the envoy and had Yu speak to him privately: "Think again—do not throw your life away for nothing! Wei answered with a grave face, "The Shi were rapacious and cruel—they led a great host in person against your capital. They failed and withdrew, but their aim was still to conquer you. The grain and arms they moved into the northeast were not to help Yan but to destroy it. Our lord destroyed the house of Shi—not for Yan's benefit, yet what loyal subject would not rejoice when an enemy falls? And now you reproach me in their name—is that not perverse! I have heard that when a man dies his body returns to earth and his spirit ascends to Heaven. Do me the kindness to pile on the wood and light the flame at once—that I may plead my case before Heaven is all I ask!" His attendants urged execution. Jun said, "He does not shrink from death in serving his master—a true loyalist! Ran Min may be guilty, but what has his envoy done!" He sent Wei back to the guest quarters. That night he sent a fellow townsman, Zhao Zhan, to visit Wei and said, "Why not tell the plain truth? The king is furious and means to send you beyond the Liao and Jie ranges—what then?" Wei said, "Since I came of age I have not lied even to a commoner—still less to a king! Bending the truth to please others is not in my nature. I will speak plainly, even if I must sink to the bottom of the eastern sea—I will not flinch!" He turned to the wall and would not speak to Zhan again. Zhan reported all this to Jun, who had Wei imprisoned in Longcheng.
7
趙并州刺史張平遣使降秦，秦王以平為大將軍、冀州牧。
Zhang Ping, Zhao's inspector of Bing Province, sent envoys to surrender to Qin; the Qin king made him grand general and governor of Ji.
8
燕王逡還薊。
The Yan king lingered, then withdrew to Ji.
9
三月，姚襄及趙汝陰王琨各引兵救襄國。 冉閔遣車騎將軍胡睦拒襄於長蘆，將軍孫威拒琨於黃丘，皆敗還，士卒略盡。
In the third month, Yao Xiang and Zhao's Prince of Ruyin, Kun, each marched to relieve Xiangguo. Ran Min sent Hu Mu to hold Xiang at Changlu and Sun Wei to hold Kun at Huangqiu; both were beaten back with their forces all but destroyed.
10
閔欲自出擊之，衛將軍王泰諫曰：「今襄國未下，外救雲集，若我出戰，必覆背受敵，此危道也。 不若固壘以挫其銳，徐觀其釁而擊之。 且陛下親臨行陳，如失萬全，則大事去矣。」 閔將止，道士法饒進曰：「陛下圍襄國經年，無尺寸之功，今賊至，又避不擊，將何以使將士乎！ 且太白入昴，當殺胡王，百戰百克，不可失也！」 閔攘袂大言曰：「吾戰決矣，敢沮眾者斬！」 乃悉眾出，與襄、琨戰。 悅綰適以燕兵至，去魏兵數里，疏布騎卒，曳柴揚塵，魏人望之恟懼，襄、琨、綰三面擊之，趙王祗自後沖之，魏兵大敗，閔與十餘騎走還鄴。 降胡栗特康等執大單于胤及左僕射劉琦以降趙，趙王祗殺之。 胡睦及司空石璞、尚書令徐機、中書監盧諶等並將士死者凡十餘萬人。 閔潛還，人無知者。 鄴另震恐，訛言閔已沒。 射聲校尉張艾請閔親郊以安眾心。 閔從之，訛言乃息。 閔支解法饒父子，贈韋謏大司徒。 姚襄還還灄頭，姚弋仲怒其不擒閔，杖之一百。
Min meant to lead the counterattack himself. Defender-in-chief Wang Tai urged caution: "Xiangguo still stands, and relief armies are massing. If we march out we risk attack from front and rear—that is a deadly gamble. Hold the fortifications, wear down their momentum, and strike when they show a weakness. And if Your Majesty takes the field in person, one slip could cost you the realm." Min was about to relent when the Daoist Fa Rao spoke up: "You have besieged Xiangguo for a year without gain. The enemy is here and you shrink from fighting—how will you lead your men? Taibai has entered the Mao lodge—the Hu king is marked for death. Victory is certain; do not miss this moment!" Min threw back his sleeves and thundered, "I have decided to fight! Anyone who discourages the army dies! He marched out with his whole army to meet Xiang and Kun in battle. Yue Chuo arrived just then with Yan cavalry a few li away. He spread his riders thin, dragged brush to raise dust, and the Wei troops panicked at the sight. Xiang, Kun, and Chuo struck from three sides while Zhao king Zhi charged from behind. The Wei army collapsed; Min escaped to Ye with barely a dozen riders. Surrendered Hu soldiers led by Li Tekang seized Great Chanyu Yin and Vice Director Liu Qi and handed them to Zhao; Zhi had them executed. Hu Mu, Shi Pu, Xu Ji, Lu Chen, and the rest fell with more than a hundred thousand soldiers dead. Min slipped back into the city without anyone knowing. Panic gripped Ye; rumors spread that Min was dead. Commandant of Archers Zhang Ai urged Min to perform the suburban sacrifice in person to calm the people. Min agreed, and the rumors subsided. Min had Fa Rao and his son torn apart by horses and posthumously honored Wei Xu as grand steward. Yao Xiang withdrew to Santou. Yizhong, furious that he had failed to capture Min, had him flogged a hundred times.
11
初，閔之為趙相也，悉散倉庫以樹私恩，與羌、胡相攻，無月不戰。 趙所徙青、雍、幽、荊四州人民及氐、羌、胡蠻數百萬口，以趙法禁不行，各還本土； 道路交錯，互相殺掠，其能達者什有二、三。 中原大亂。 因以饑疫，人相食，無復耕者。
Earlier, as Zhao's chancellor, Min had emptied the treasuries to buy loyalty and fought the Qiang and Hu almost every month. Millions relocated from Qing, Yong, You, and Jing, along with Di, Qiang, Hu, and other peoples, turned homeward once Zhao's authority collapsed; roads choked with refugees who robbed and killed one another; only two or three in ten reached home alive. The heartland descended into chaos. Famine and plague followed; people ate the dead, and no one tilled the fields.
12
趙王祗使其將劉顯帥眾七萬攻鄴，軍於明光宮，去鄴二十三里。 魏主閔恐，召王泰，欲與之謀。 泰恚前言之不從，辭以瘡甚。 閔親臨問之，泰固稱疾篤。 閔怒，還宮，謂左右曰：「巴奴，乃公豈假汝為命邪！ 要將先滅群胡，卻斬王泰。」 乃悉眾出戰，大破顯軍，追奔至陽平，斬首三萬餘級。 顯懼，密使請降，求殺祗以自效，閔乃引歸。 會有告王泰欲叛入秦者，閔殺之，夷其三族。
Zhao king Zhi sent Liu Xian with seventy thousand men against Ye; they camped at Mingguang Palace, twenty-three li from the city. Wei ruler Min, alarmed, summoned Wang Tai to plan with him. Tai, still bitter that Min had ignored his counsel, pleaded severe sores. Min visited him in person, but Tai insisted he was too ill. Min stormed back to the palace and told his attendants, "That barbarian wretch—do you think I need him to survive? I'll wipe out the Hu first, then cut off Wang Tai's head." He marched out with his full army, crushed Liu Xian, pursued the fugitives to Yangping, and took more than thirty thousand heads. Terrified, Xian secretly offered to surrender if he might kill Zhi to prove his loyalty; Min brought him back into service. Soon word came that Wang Tai meant to defect to Qin. Min executed him and wiped out three generations of his family.
13
秦王健分遣使者問民疾苦，搜羅俊異，寬重斂之稅，弛離宮之禁，罷無用之器，去侈靡之服，凡趙之苛政不便於民者皆除之。
Qin ruler Jian sent envoys across his realm to hear the people's grievances, recruit talent, cut heavy taxes, open the pleasure palaces, scrap useless regalia, ban lavish dress, and repeal every harsh Zhao law that burdened the common people.
14
杜洪、張琚遣使召梁州刺史司馬勳。 夏，四月，勳帥步騎三萬赴之，秦王健禦之於五丈原。 勳屢戰皆敗，退歸南鄭。 健以中書令賈玄碩始者不上尊號，銜之，使人告玄碩與司馬勳通，並其諸子皆殺之。
Du Hong and Zhang Ju sent envoys summoning Liang inspector Sima Xun. In summer, the fourth month, Xun marched thirty thousand foot and horse to their aid; Qin ruler Jian met him at Wuzhang Plains. Xun lost battle after battle and retreated to Nanzheng. Jian still resented Jia Xuanshuo for hesitating to press the royal title upon him. He fabricated a charge that Xuanshuo had conspired with Sima Xun and executed him along with all his sons.
15
渤海人逄約因趙亂，擁眾數千家附於魏，魏以約為渤海太守。 故太守劉准，隗之兄子也，土豪封放，弈之從弟也； 別聚眾自守。 閔以准為幽州刺史，與約中分渤海。 燕王俊使封弈討約，使昌黎太守高開討准、放。 開，瞻之子也。
Peng Yue of Bohai, exploiting Zhao's collapse, rallied several thousand households and submitted to Wei, which made him administrator of Bohai. The former administrator Liu Zhun was a nephew of Kou Yi; the local strongman Feng Fang was a cousin of Yi. Each gathered his own followers and held out on his own. Min made Zhun inspector of You and split Bohai between him and Yue. Yan ruler Jun sent Feng Yi against Yue and Changli prefect Gao Kai against Zhun and Fang. Kai was Zhan's son.
16
弈引兵直抵約壘，遣人謂約曰：「相與鄉里，隔絕日久，會遇甚難。 時事利害，人各有心，非所論也。 願單出一相見，以寫佇結之情。」 約素信重弈，即出，見弈於門外。 各屏騎卒，單馬交語。 弈與論敘平生畢，因說之曰：「與君累世同鄉，情相愛重，誠欲君享祚無窮； 今既獲展奉，不可不盡所懷。 冉閔乘石氏之亂，奄有成資，是宜天下服其強矣，而禍亂方始，固知天命不可力爭也。 燕王弈也載德，奉義討亂，所征無敵。 今已都薊，南臨趙、魏，遠近之民，襁負歸之。 民厭荼毒，咸思有道。 冉閔之亡，匪朝伊夕，成敗之形，昭然易見。 且燕王肇開王業，虛心賢俊，君能翻然改圖，則功參絳、灌，慶流苗裔，孰與為亡國將，守孤城以待必至之禍哉！」 約聞之，悵然不言。 弈給使張安，有勇力； 弈豫戒之，俟約氣下，安突前持其馬鞚，因挾之而馳。 至營，弈與坐，謂曰：「君計不能自決，故相為決之，非欲取君以邀功，乃欲全君以安民也。」
Yi marched straight to Yue's fort and sent word: "We are men of the same home country, long parted—this meeting is rare. The rights and wrongs of the day are not what we need to argue about—each man has his own view. Let us meet alone, just the two of us, to speak what has been on our hearts." Yue had always trusted Yi deeply, so he went out at once and met him outside the gate. They sent away their escorts and spoke alone, each on his own horse. After they had reminisced about old times, Yi said, "We have been townsmen for generations and I hold you dear—I truly wish you lasting prosperity; now that we can speak face to face, I must tell you everything on my mind. Ran Min rode the Shi family's collapse to sudden power, and for a time the realm seemed to bow to his might—but disaster is only starting. You must see that Heaven's mandate cannot be seized by force. The Yan king Jun is virtuous, campaigns in the name of justice, and has never known defeat. He has established his capital at Ji, looks south over Zhao and Wei, and people flock to him from every quarter, infants strapped to their backs. The people are sick of tyranny and yearn for a righteous ruler. Ran Min's downfall is only a matter of time—the outcome is already clear. The Yan king is founding a dynasty and welcomes talent. If you change course now, your deeds may rival the founders of Han, and your line will prosper—why play the doomed general defending a lost city?" Yue listened in silence, his face full of regret. Yi's attendant Zhang An was a man of great strength; Yi had instructed him in advance. When Yue's guard was down, An seized his bridle, pulled him onto his horse, and galloped away. Back at camp Yi sat with him and said, "You could not choose for yourself, so I chose for you—not to win glory, but to save you and spare the people."
17
高開至渤海，准、放迎降。 俊以放為渤海太守，准為左司馬，約參軍事。 以約誘於人而遇獲，更其名曰釣。
Gao Kai reached Bohai; Zhun and Fang came out to surrender. Jun made Fang administrator of Bohai, Zhun his left major, and Yue a staff officer. Because Yue had been tricked and seized, they renamed him Diao.
18
劉顯弒趙王祗及其丞相安樂王炳、太宰趙庶等十餘人，傳首於鄴。 驃騎將軍石寧奔柏人。 魏主閔焚祗首於通衢，拜顯上大將軍、大單于、冀州牧。
Liu Xian assassinated Zhao king Zhi, Chancellor Prince of Anle Bing, Grand Mentor Zhao Shu, and more than ten others, and sent their heads to Ye. Flying Cavalry General Shi Ning fled to Boren. Wei ruler Min burned Zhi's head in the open street and made Xian grand general, great chanyu, and governor of Ji.
19
五月，趙兗州刺史劉啟自鄄城來奔。
In the fifth month, Zhao's Yan inspector Liu Qi defected from Juancheng.
20
秋，七月，劉顯復引兵攻鄴，魏主閔擊敗之。 顯還，稱帝於襄國。
In autumn, the seventh month, Liu Xian attacked Ye again; Wei ruler Min beat him back. Xian withdrew and proclaimed himself emperor at Xiangguo.
21
八月，魏徐州刺史周成、兗州刺史魏統、荊州刺史樂弘、豫州牧張遇以廩丘、許昌等諸城來降； 平南將軍高崇、征虜將軍呂護執洛州刺史鄭系，以其地來降。
In the eighth month, Wei's inspectors Zhou Cheng of Xu, Wei Tong of Yan, and Yue Hong of Jing, and Yu governor Zhang Yu, surrendered Linqiu, Xuchang, and other cities; Pacification general Gao Chong and campaign general Lü Hu seized Luo inspector Zheng Xi and surrendered his territory.
22
燕王俊遣慕容恪攻中山，慕容評攻王午於魯口，魏中山太守上谷侯龕閉城拒守。 恪南徇常山，軍於九門，魏趙郡太守遼西李邽舉郡降，恪厚撫之，將邽還圍中山，侯龕乃降。 恪入中山，遷其將帥、土豪數十家詣薊，餘皆安堵； 軍令嚴明，秋豪不犯。 慕容評至南安，王午遣其將鄭生拒戰，抨擊斬之。
Jun sent Murong Ke against Zhongshan and Murong Ping against Wang Wu at Lukou; Wei's Zhongshan prefect Hou Kan of Shanggu barred the gates. Ke swept south through Changshan and camped at Jiumen. Li Gui of Liaoxi, Wei's Zhao prefect, surrendered his entire commandery. Ke treated him well, brought him back to besiege Zhongshan, and Hou Kan then submitted. Ke entered Zhongshan, relocated dozens of leading families to Ji, and left the rest in peace; discipline was iron, and not even a blade of grass was taken from the people. Murong Ping reached Nan'an. Wang Wu sent Zheng Sheng to fight; Ping struck and killed him.
23
悅綰還自襄國，俊乃知張舉之妄而殺之。 常煒有四男二女在中山，俊釋煒之囚，使諸子就見之。 煒上疏謝恩，俊手令答曰：「卿本不為生計，孤以州裡相存耳。 今大亂之中，諸子盡至，豈非天所念邪！ 天且念卿，況於孤乎！」 賜妾一人，谷三百斛，使居凡城。 以北平太守孫興為中山太守。 興善於綏撫，中山遂安。
Yue Chuo returned from Xiangguo; Jun learned Zhang Ju had deceived him and had him executed. Chang Wei had four sons and two daughters in Zhongshan. Jun freed him and let his children visit. Wei wrote to thank him. Jun replied in his own hand: "You were never scheming for gain—I held you only because we share a homeland. In this chaos all your children have found you—surely Heaven itself has taken pity! If Heaven remembers you, how can I do less!" He gave him a concubine, three hundred hu of grain, and a home at Fancheng. He appointed Beiping prefect Sun Xing to govern Zhongshan. Sun Xing governed with a gentle hand, and Zhongshan grew calm.
24
庫辱官偉帥部眾自上黨降燕。
Guan Wei of the Kurong tribe led his people down from Shangdang to submit to Yan.
25
姚弋仲遣使來請降。 冬，十一月，以弋仲為使持節、六夷大都督、督江北諸軍事、車騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、大單于、高陵郡公，又以其子襄為持節、平北將軍、都督并州諸軍事、并州刺史、平鄉縣公。
Yao Yizhong sent envoys to offer submission. In winter, the eleventh month, Yizhong received the staff of authority as grand commander of the six barbarian peoples, supervisor of all forces north of the Yangzi, general of chariots and cavalry, grand chanyu, and Duke of Gaoling; his son Xiang became pacifier of the north, commander of Bing forces, Bing inspector, and Duke of Pingxiang.
26
逄釣亡歸渤海，招集舊眾以叛燕。 樂陵太守賈堅使人告諭鄉人，示以成敗，釣部眾稍散，遂來奔。
Peng Diao escaped to Bohai, rallied his old followers, and rebelled against Yan. Leling prefect Jia Jian sent men to warn the locals where fortune lay; Diao's followers drifted away, and he surrendered.
27
吐谷渾葉延卒，子碎妥立。
Tuyuhun chief Yeyan died; his son Sui Tuo succeeded him.
28
初，桓溫聞石氏亂，上疏請出師經略另原，事久不報。 溫知朝廷仗殷浩以抗己，甚忿之； 然素知浩之為人，亦不之憚也。 以國無他釁，遂得相持彌年，雖有君臣之跡，羈縻而已，八州士眾資調殆不為國家用。 屢求北伐，詔書不聽。 十二月，辛未，溫拜表輒行，帥眾四五萬順流而下，軍於武昌，朝廷大懼。
Earlier, hearing of the Shi family's collapse, Huan Wen had asked permission to march north and recover the Central Plains, but the court never answered. Wen knew the court was using Yin Hao to check him and burned with resentment; yet he had always known Hao's character and did not truly fear him. With no other crisis at hand, the standoff dragged on for years. Ruler and subject kept up appearances, but it was restraint in name only—the eight provinces' taxes barely reached the capital. He asked again and again to march north, but the throne refused. In the twelfth month, on the day xinwei, Wen submitted his memorial and marched anyway with forty or fifty thousand men down the Yangzi, halting at Wuchang. The court was terrified.
29
殷浩欲去位以避溫，又欲以騶虞幡駐溫軍。 吏部尚書王彪之言於會稽王昱曰：「此屬皆自為計，非能保社稷，為殿下計也。 若殷浩去職，人情離駭，天子獨坐，當此之際，必有任其責者，非殿下而誰乎！」 又謂浩曰：「彼若抗表問罪，卿為之首。 事任如此，猜釁已成，欲作匹夫，豈有全地邪！ 且當靜以待之。 令相王與手書，示以款誠，為陳成敗，彼必旋師； 若不從，則遣中詔； 又不從，乃當以正義相裁。 奈何無故匆匆，先自猖獗乎！」 浩曰：「決大事正自難，頃日來欲使人悶。 聞卿此謀，意始得了。」 彪之，彬之子也。
Yin Hao wanted to resign to escape Wen and even proposed stopping his army with the imperial zouyu banner. Personnel director Wang Biaozhi told Prince of Kuaiji Yu, "These men are looking out for themselves, not the realm—they are not thinking of you. If Yin Hao steps down, the court will panic and the emperor will stand alone. Someone must answer for the realm then—and who but you?" He told Hao as well, "If Wen denounces you in a memorial, you will be named first. Suspicion is already fixed. If you try to become a private citizen now, do you think you will survive? Stay calm and wait. Have the prince regent write in his own hand, speak sincerely, and explain how this will end—Wen will turn back; if he refuses, send an imperial edict; if he still refuses, then act in the name of justice. Why panic and make the first reckless move!" Hao said, "Great decisions are never easy. These last days have been suffocating. Hearing your counsel, I can breathe again." Biaozhi was the son of Wang Bin.
30
撫軍司馬高崧言於昱曰：「王宜致書，諭以禍福，自當返旆。 如其不爾，便六軍整駕，逆順於茲判矣！」 乃於坐為昱草書曰：「寇難宜平，時會宜接。 此實為國遠圖，經略大算，能弘斯會，非足下而誰？ 但以比興師動眾，要當以資實為本； 運轉之艱，古人所難，不可易之於始而不熟慮。 頃所以深用為疑，惟在此耳。 然異常之舉，眾之所駭，游聲噂□沓，想足下亦少聞之。 苟患失之，無所不至，或能望風振擾，一時崩散。 如此則望實並喪，社稷之事去矣。 皆由吾闇弱，德信不著，不能鎮靜群庶，保固維城，所以內愧於心，外慚良友。 吾與足下，雖職有內外，安社稷，保家國，其致一也。 天下安危，系之明德。 當先思寧國而後圖其外，使王基克隆，大義弘著，所望於足下。 區區誠懷，豈可復顧嫌而不盡哉！」 溫即上疏惶恐致謝，回軍還鎮。
Pacification Army major Gao Song told Yu, "You should write to him, explain the stakes, and he will withdraw of his own accord. If not, the six armies will march—and loyalty and treason will be decided on the spot!" Thereupon he drafted a letter for Yu on the spot: "The enemy must be subdued; the moment must be seized. This is the great design of statecraft—who but you can rise to such a moment? But any campaign must rest on real resources; logistics defeated armies even in antiquity—you cannot treat that lightly at the start. That alone is why I have hesitated. Yet an extraordinary move alarms everyone; rumors are already swirling—you must have heard them. Men who fear losing what they have will do anything; at the first rumor your army may melt away. Then your name and your cause are both lost, and the realm with them. All this is because I am weak and my authority uncertain, unable to steady the people and hold the realm together—I am ashamed before you and before my own conscience. You and I serve in different posts, but in securing the realm our aim is the same. The fate of the empire rests on your judgment. Settle the realm first, then look outward—let the dynasty flourish and righteousness prevail. That is what I ask of you. I speak from the heart—how can I hold anything back!" Wen immediately submitted a humble memorial of thanks, turned his army around, and marched home.
31
朝廷將行郊祀。 會稽王昱問於王彪之曰：「郊祀應有赦否？」 彪之曰：「自中興以來，郊祀往往有赦，愚意常謂非宜； 凶愚之人，以為郊必有赦，將生心於徼幸矣！」 昱從之。
The court prepared to perform the suburban sacrifice to Heaven. Prince of Kuaiji Yu asked Wang Biaozhi, "Should we proclaim an amnesty with the suburban rites? Biaozhi answered, "Since the Restoration, amnesties have often followed the suburban rites, but I have always thought that unwise; wicked and foolish men will count on it and scheme for clemency!" Yu took his advice.
32
燕王俊如龍城。
Yan ruler Jun traveled to Longcheng.
33
丁零翟鼠帥所部降燕，封為歸義王。
Zhai Shu of the Dingling submitted with his followers and was created Prince Who Returns to Righteousness.
34
春，正月，辛卯，日有食之。
That spring, in the first month on the day xinmao, the sun was eclipsed.
35
秦丞相雄等請秦王健正尊號，依漢、晉之舊，不必效石氏之初。 健從之，即皇帝位，大赦。 諸公皆進爵為王。 且言單于所以統壹百蠻，非天子所宜領，以授太子萇。
Qin chancellor Fu Xiong and others urged Jian to take the full imperial title in the manner of Han and Jin, not the Shi family's early pretensions. Jian agreed, ascended the imperial throne, and proclaimed a general amnesty. All the princes were promoted to kings. They also said the title of chanyu, which unites the barbarian peoples, was not for the emperor to bear, and gave it to crown prince Chang.
36
司馬勳既還漢中，杜洪、張琚屯宜秋。 洪自以右族，輕琚，琚遂殺洪，自立為秦王，改元建昌。
After Sima Xun withdrew to Hanzhong, Du Hong and Zhang Ju camped at Yiqiu. Hong, proud of his eminent lineage, despised Ju, who killed him, declared himself King of Qin, and adopted the era name Jianchang.
37
劉顯攻常山，魏主閔留大將軍蔣干使輔太子智守鄴，自將八千騎救之。 顯大司馬清河王寧以棗強降魏。 閔擊顯，敗之，追奔至襄國。 顯大將軍曹伏駒開門納閔。 閔殺顯及其公卿己下百餘人，焚襄國宮室，遷其民於鄴。 趙汝陰王琨以其妻妾來奔，斬於建康市，石氏遂絕。
Liu Xian attacked Changshan. Min left Grand General Jiang Gan to help Crown Prince Zhi hold Ye and rode out with eight thousand cavalry to relieve the city. Xian's grand marshal, Prince of Qinghe Ning, surrendered Zaoqiang to Wei. Min routed Xian and pursued the fugitives to Xiangguo. Xian's general Cao Fuju opened the gates to Min. Min executed Xian and more than a hundred of his officials, burned Xiangguo's palaces, and relocated its people to Ye. Zhao's Prince of Ruyin Kun fled with his household; he was beheaded in Jiankang's market, and the house of Shi came to an end.
38
尚書左丞孔嚴言於殷浩曰：「比來眾情，良可寒心，不知使君當何以鎮之。 愚謂宜明受任之方，韓、彭專征伐，蕭、曹守管籥，內外之任，各有攸司； 深思廉、藺屈身之義，平、勃交歡之謀，令穆然無間，然後可以保大定功也。 觀頃日降附之徒，皆人面獸心，貪而無親，恐難以義感也。」 浩不從。 嚴，愉之從子也。
Left secretariat assistant Kong Yan told Yin Hao, "Public feeling lately is alarming. How will you steady it? You should clarify roles: let Huan Wen fight as Han Xin did, while you hold the capital as Xiao He did—each man to his charge; remember how Lian Po and Lin Xiangru swallowed pride for the realm, how Chen Ping and Zhou Bo made peace—only then can you secure great deeds. The men who have lately submitted have human faces and beasts' hearts—greedy and faithless. Righteousness will not move them." Hao ignored him. Yan was a nephew of Yu.
39
浩上疏請北出許、洛，詔許之。 以安西將軍謝尚、北中郎獎荀羨為督統，進屯壽春。 謝尚不能撫尉張遇，遇怒，據許昌叛，使其將上官恩據洛陽，樂弘攻督護戴施於倉垣，浩軍不能進。 三月，命荀羨鎮准陰，尋加監青州諸軍事，又領兗州刺史，鎮下邳。
Hao memorialized to march north toward Xu and Luoyang; the throne approved. Anxi general Xie Shang and Northern Gentlemen Xun Xian were placed in overall command and advanced to Shouchun. Xie Shang failed to win over Zhang Yu, who seized Xuchang in revolt, sent Shangguan En to hold Luoyang, and had Yue Hong attack Dai Shi at Cangyuan. Hao's army could not advance. In the third month Xun Xian was posted to Huaiyin, then made overseer of Qing forces and Yan inspector, with his base at Xiapi.
40
乙巳，燕王俊還薊，稍徙軍中文武兵民家屬於薊。
On the day yisi, Yan ruler Jun returned to Ji and gradually relocated army families there.
41
姚弋仲有子四十二人，及病，謂諸子曰：「石氏待吾厚，吾本欲為之盡力。 今石氏已滅，中原無主； 我死，汝亟自歸於晉，當固執臣節，無為不義也！」 弋仲卒，子襄秘不發喪，帥戶六萬南攻陽平、元城、發乾，破之，屯於碻磝津，以太原王亮為長史，天水尹赤為司馬，太原薛瓚、略陽權翼為參軍。 襄與秦兵戰，敗，亡三萬餘戶，南至滎陽，始發喪。 又與秦將高昌、李歷戰於麻田，馬中流矢而斃。 弟萇以馬授襄，襄曰：「汝何以自免？」 萇曰：「但令兄濟，豎子必不敢害萇！」 會救至，俱免。 尹赤奔秦，秦以赤為并州刺史，鎮蒲阪。
Yao Yizhong had forty-two sons. On his deathbed he told them, "The Shi treated me well, and I meant to serve them faithfully. Now the Shi are gone and the heartland has no lord; when I die, submit to Jin at once, keep faith as subjects, and do no wrong!" Yizhong died. Xiang hid the death, led sixty thousand households south against Yangping, Yuancheng, and Fagan, took them, and camped at Que'ao Ford. He appointed Wang Liang chief clerk, Yin Chi major, and Xue Zan and Quan Yi as staff officers. Xiang fought the Qin army, lost, shed more than thirty thousand households, reached Xingyang, and only then announced his father's death. At Matian he fought Qin generals Gao Chang and Li Li; a stray arrow killed his horse. His brother Chang gave him his horse. Xiang said, "How will you escape? Chang said, "Once you are safe, those wretches will not dare touch me!" Rescue arrived and both escaped. Yin Chi defected to Qin, which made him Bing inspector at Puban.
42
襄遂帥眾歸晉，送其五弟為質。 詔襄屯譙城，襄單騎渡淮，見謝尚於壽春。 尚聞其名，命去仗衛，幅巾待之，歡若平生。 襄博學，善談論，江東人士皆重之。
Xiang then submitted to Jin with his followers and sent five younger brothers as hostages. The court ordered Xiang to Qiaocheng. He crossed the Huai alone and met Xie Shang at Shouchun. Shang, knowing his fame, dismissed guards, received him informally, and welcomed him like an old friend. Xiang was learned and eloquent, and men of the southeast held him in high regard.
43
魏主閔既克襄國，因游食常山、中山諸郡。 趙立義將軍段勤聚胡、羯萬餘人保據繹幕，自稱趙帝。 夏，四月，甲子，燕王俊遣慕容恪擊魏，慕容霸等擊勤。
After taking Xiangguo, Wei ruler Min foraged through Changshan and Zhongshan. Zhao general Duan Qin rallied more than ten thousand Hu and Jie at Yimu and proclaimed himself Zhao emperor. In summer, the fourth month, on the day jiazi, Yan ruler Jun sent Murong Ke against Wei and Murong Ba against Qin.
44
魏主閔將與燕戰，大將軍董閏、車騎將軍張溫諫曰：「鮮卑乘勝鋒銳，且彼眾我寡，請且避之，俟其驕惰，然後益兵以擊之，」閔怒曰：「吾欲以此眾平幽州，斬慕容俊； 今遇恪而避之，人謂我何！」 司徒劉茂、特進郎闓相謂曰：「吾君此行，必不還矣，吾等何為坐待戮辱！」 皆自殺。
Min prepared to fight Yan. Grand General Dong Run and Cavalry General Zhang Wen urged caution: "The Xianbei are fresh from victory and outnumber us—withdraw until they grow careless, then strike." Min raged, "With this army I will pacify Youzhou and take Murong Jun's head; and now you want me to flee from Ke—what will men say!" Minister Liu Mao and Lang Kan whispered to each other, "Our lord will not return from this march—why sit here waiting to be killed? Both took their own lives.
45
閔軍於安喜，慕容恪引兵從之。 閔趣常山，恪追之，丙子，及於魏昌之廉臺。 閔與燕兵十戰，燕兵皆不勝。 閔素有勇名，所將兵精銳，燕人憚之。 慕容恪巡陳，謂將士曰：「冉閔勇而無謀，一夫敵耳！ 其士卒饑疲，甲兵雖精，其實難用，不足破也！」 閔以所將多步卒，而燕皆騎兵，引兵將趣林中。 恪參軍高開曰：「吾騎兵利平地，若閔得入林，不可復製。 宜亟遣輕騎邀之，既合而陽走，誘致平地，然後可擊也」。 恪從之。 魏兵還就平地，恪分軍為三部，謂諸將曰：「閔性輕銳，又自以眾少，必致死於我。 我厚集中軍之陳以待之，俟其合戰，卿等從旁擊之，無不克矣。」 乃擇鮮卑善射者五千人，以鐵鎖連其馬，為方陳而前。 閔所乘駿馬曰朱龍，日行千里。 閔左操雙刃矛，右執鉤戟，以擊燕兵，斬首三百餘級。 望見大幢，知其為中軍，直衝之； 燕兩軍從旁夾擊，大破之。 圍閔數重，閔潰圍東走二十餘里，朱龍忽斃，為燕兵所執。 燕人殺魏僕射劉群，執董閔、張溫，及閔皆送於薊。 閔子操奔魯口。 高開被創而卒。 慕容恪進屯常山，俊命恪鎮中山。
Min camped at Anxi; Murong Ke followed. Min hurried toward Changshan; Ke caught him on the day bingzi at Liantai in Weichang. Min fought ten engagements; the Yan army lost every one. Min was famed for courage and led elite troops; the Yan feared him. Murong Ke rode the lines and told his men, "Ran Min is brave but stupid—a single champion, nothing more! His men are hungry and exhausted. Fine arms cannot save them—we need not fear him!" Min's force was mostly infantry against Yan cavalry, so he headed for the woods. Ke's officer Gao Kai said, "Our cavalry need open ground. If Min reaches the trees we lose him. Send light horse to cut him off, feign retreat after contact, lure him onto the plain, then strike." Ke agreed. The Wei army came back to open ground. Ke divided his force in three and told his generals, "Min is reckless and thinks himself outnumbered—he will fight to the death. I will mass the center and wait. When he engages, strike from the flanks—you cannot fail." He chose five thousand Xianbei archers, chained their horses together, and advanced in a square formation. Min rode a stallion called Vermilion Dragon that could run a thousand li in a day. With a double-bladed spear in his left hand and a hook halberd in his right, he cut down more than three hundred Yan soldiers. Seeing the great banner of the center, he charged straight for it; the two Yan wings struck from the flanks and shattered his army. Surrounded many times over, Min broke out and fled east more than twenty li until Vermilion Dragon dropped dead and Yan troops seized him. The Yan killed Wei's vice director Liu Qun, seized Dong Run and Zhang Wen, and sent them with Min to Ji. Min's son Cao fled to Lukou. Gao Kai died of his wounds. Murong Ke advanced to Changshan; Jun ordered him to hold Zhongshan.
46
己卯，冉閔至薊。 俊大赦，立閔而責之曰：「汝奴僕下才，何得妄稱帝？」 閔曰：「天下大亂，爾曹夷狄禽獸之類猶稱帝，況我中土英雄，何為不得稱帝邪！」 俊怒，鞭之三百，送於龍城。
On the day jimao, Ran Min was brought to Ji. Jun proclaimed an amnesty, confronted Min, and demanded, "You base-born slave—how dare you call yourself emperor? Min answered, "The realm is in chaos—even you barbarian beasts call yourselves emperors. Why should a hero of the Central Lands not do the same! Jun had him flogged three hundred times and sent him to Longcheng.
47
慕容霸軍至繹幕，段勤與弟思陪舉城降。
Murong Ba reached Yimu; Duan Qin and his brother Sipei surrendered the city.
48
甲申，俊遣慕容評及中尉侯龕帥精騎萬人攻鄴。 癸巳，至鄴，魏蔣干及太子智閉城拒守。 城外皆降於燕，劉寧及弟崇帥胡騎三千奔晉陽。
On the day jiashen, Jun sent Murong Ping and Hou Kan with ten thousand elite cavalry against Ye. On the day guisi they reached Ye; Jiang Gan and Crown Prince Zhi barred the gates. Everyone outside the walls submitted. Liu Ning and his brother Chong fled to Jinyang with three thousand Hu cavalry.
49
秦以張遇為征東大將軍、豫州牧。
Qin made Zhang Yu grand general who campaigns east and governor of Yu.
50
五月，秦主健攻張琚於宜秋，斬之。
In the fifth month, Qin ruler Jian attacked Zhang Ju at Yiqiu and executed him.
51
鄴中大饑，人相食，故趙時宮人被食略盡。 蔣干遺侍中繆嵩、詹事劉猗奉表請降，且求救於謝尚。 庚寅，燕王俊遣廣威將軍慕容軍、殿中將軍慕輿根、右司馬皇甫真等帥步騎二萬助慕容評攻鄴。
Ye starved; people ate one another, and the palace women of Zhao were nearly all consumed. Jiang Gan sent Miao Song and Liu Yi with a surrender memorial and a plea for help to Xie Shang. On the day gengyin, Jun sent Murong Jun, Muyu Gen, Huangfu Zhen, and others with twenty thousand men to reinforce Ping at Ye.
52
辛卯，燕人斬冉閔於龍城。 會大旱，蝗，燕王俊謂閔為祟，遣使祀之，謚曰悼武天王。
On the day xinmao, the Yan beheaded Ran Min at Longcheng. A drought and locust plague followed. Jun believed Min's ghost was to blame, sacrificed to him, and gave him the posthumous title Lamented Martial Heavenly King.
53
初，謝尚使戴施據枋頭，施聞蔣干求救，乃自倉垣徙屯棘津，止干使者求傳國璽。 劉猗使繆嵩還鄴白干，干疑尚不能救，沈吟未決。 六月，施帥壯士百餘人入鄴，助守三臺，紿之曰：「今燕寇在外，道路不通，璽未敢送也。 卿且出以付我，我當馳白天子。 天子聞璽在吾所，信卿至誠，必多發兵糧以相救餉。」 干以為然，出璽付之。 施宣言使督護何融迎糧，陰令懷璽送於枋頭。 甲子，蔣干帥銳卒五千及晉兵出戰，慕容評大破之，斬首四千級，干脫走入城。
Earlier Xie Shang had posted Dai Shi at Fangtou. Hearing Jiang Gan's plea for aid, Shi moved to Jijin and detained Gan's envoy to demand the imperial seal. Liu Yi sent Miao Song back to Ye. Gan doubted Shang would come and could not decide. In the sixth month Shi entered Ye with a hundred picked men to help hold the Three Terraces. He told Gan, "Yan armies block the roads—I cannot send the seal yet. Give it to me for safekeeping and I will ride to inform the emperor. Once the emperor knows the seal is safe with me, he will trust your loyalty and send troops and grain." Gan agreed and handed over the seal. Shi announced he was sending He Rong to fetch supplies, but secretly sent the seal to Fangtou. On the day jiazi, Jiang Gan marched out with five thousand elite troops and Jin soldiers. Ping crushed them, took four thousand heads, and Gan fled back into the city.
54
甲申，秦主健還長安。
On the day jiashen, Qin ruler Jian returned to Chang'an.
55
謝尚、姚襄共攻張遇於許昌。 秦主健遣丞相東海王雄、衛大將軍平昌王菁略地關東，帥步騎二萬救之。 丁亥，戰於穎水之誠橋，尚等大敗，死者萬五千人。 尚奔還淮南，襄棄輜重，送尚於芍陂； 尚悉以後事付襄。 殷浩聞尚敗，退屯壽春。 秋，七月，秦丞相雄徙張遇及陳、穎、許、洛之民五萬餘戶於關中，以右衛將軍楊群為豫州刺史，鎮許昌。 謝尚降，號建威將軍。
Xie Shang and Yao Xiang attacked Zhang Yu at Xuchang together. Qin ruler Jian sent Chancellor Prince of Donghai Xiong and Defender-in-chief Prince of Pingchang Jing east of the passes with twenty thousand men to relieve him. On the day dinghai they fought at Chengqiao on the Ying River. Shang was routed; fifteen thousand men died. Shang fled to Huainan. Xiang abandoned the baggage train and escorted him to Shaopi; Shang entrusted all his remaining affairs to Xiang. Hearing of Shang's defeat, Yin Hao withdrew to Shouchun. In autumn, the seventh month, Chancellor Xiong relocated Zhang Yu and more than fifty thousand households from Chen, Ying, Xu, and Luo to Guanzhong, and posted Yang Qun as Yu inspector at Xuchang. Xie Shang submitted and was made general who establishes prestige.
56
趙故西中郎將王擢遣使請降； 拜擢秦州刺史。
Former Zhao Western Gentlemen Wang Zhuo sent envoys to surrender; Zhuo was made Qin inspector.
57
丁酉，以武陵王晞為太宰。
On the day dingyou, Prince of Wuling Xi was made grand mentor.
58
丙辰，燕王俊如中山。
On the day bingchen, Yan ruler Jun went to Zhongshan.
59
王午聞魏敗，時鄧恆已死，午自稱安國王。 八月，戊辰，燕王俊遣慕容恪、封弈、陽騖攻之，午閉城自守，送冉操詣燕軍； 燕人掠其禾稼而還。
Wang Wu, hearing of Wei's defeat—Deng Heng was already dead—styled himself King Who Pacifies the State. In the eighth month, on the day wuchen, Jun sent Murong Ke, Feng Yi, and Yang Xu against him. Wu barred the gates and sent Ran Cao to the Yan camp; the Yan stripped his fields and withdrew.
60
庚午，魏長水校尉馬願等開鄴城納燕兵，戴施、蔣干懸縋而下，奔於倉垣。 慕容評送魏後董氏、太子智、太尉申鐘、司空條攸等及乘輿服御於薊。 尚書令王簡、左僕射張乾、右僕射郎肅皆自殺。 燕王俊詐云董氏得傳國璽獻之，賜號奉璽君，賜冉智爵海賓侯。 以申鐘為大將軍右長史。 命慕容評鎮鄴。
On gengwu, Former Wei Changshui Colonel Ma Yuan and others opened Ye to Yan forces. Dai Shi and Jiang Gan let themselves down on ropes and escaped to Cangyuan. Murong Ping sent the Former Wei empress Lady Dong, Crown Prince Zhi, Grand Commandant Shen Zhong, Minister of Works Tiao You, and others, along with the imperial carriage and court regalia, to Ji. Wang Jian, Director of the Secretariat, Zhang Qian, Left Vice Director, and Lang Su, Right Vice Director, all took their own lives. Murong Jun of Yan falsely announced that Lady Dong had found the Imperial Seal and presented it to him. He gave her the title Lady Who Offers the Seal and made Ran Zhi Marquis of Haibin. Shen Zhong was made Right Chief Clerk under the Grand General. Murong Ping was placed in command at Ye.
61
桓溫使司馬勳助周撫討蕭敬文於涪城，斬之。
Huan Wen dispatched Sima Xun to help Zhou Fu attack Xiao Jingwen at Fucheng. Jingwen was executed.
62
謝尚自枋頭迎傳國璽至建康，百僚畢賀。
Xie Shang went in person from Fangtou to escort the Imperial Seal to Jiankang, and the entire bureaucracy offered congratulations.
63
秦以雷弱兒為大司馬，毛貴為太尉，張遇為司空。
Former Qin named Lei Ruo'er Grand Marshal, Mao Gui Grand Commandant, and Zhang Yu Minister of Works.
64
殷浩之北伐也，中軍將軍王羲之以書止之，不聽。 既而無功，復謀再舉。 羲之遺浩書曰：「今以區區江左，天下寒心，固已久矣。 力爭武功，非所當作。 自頃處內外之任者，未有深謀遠慮，而疲竭根本，各從所志，竟無一功可論，遂令天下將有土崩之勢。 任其事者，豈得辭四海之責哉！ 今軍破於外，資竭於內，保淮之志，非所復及，莫若還保長江，督將各處復舊鎮。 自長江以外，羈縻而已。 引咎責躬，更為善治，省其賦役，與民更始，庶可以救倒懸之急也！ 使君起於布衣，任天下之重，當董統之任，而敗喪至此，恐闔朝群賢未有與人分其謗者。 若猶以前事為未工，故復求之分外，宇宙雖廣，自容何所！ 此愚智所不解也。」
During Yin Hao's northern campaign, Central Army General Wang Xizhi wrote urging him to stop, but Hao refused to heed him. After the failure, they planned to mount another offensive. Wang Xizhi wrote to Yin Hao: "This small realm south of the Yangtze has for a long time been a source of anxiety throughout the empire. To strain after martial achievement is not what you ought to do now. Recently the men charged with affairs at court and in the field have lacked foresight, yet they have exhausted the state's roots, each following his own whim, until not a single success can be cited—and the empire now stands on the verge of disintegration. Surely those who bear this burden cannot evade blame before all under heaven! The army has been broken in the field and supplies are spent at home. The ambition to defend the Huai can no longer be sustained. You should fall back and hold the Yangtze, and order each general to resume his former garrison. South of the river, loose suzerainty would be enough. Take blame upon yourself, reform your rule, reduce levies and labor, and make a fresh start with the people—only then may this peril, acute as a man hanging by his heels, be relieved! You began as a commoner and were entrusted with the fate of the realm, charged to lead the state—yet ruin has come to this pass. I doubt any worthy at court will divide your disgrace with you. If you still believe the last campaign was not pushed hard enough and therefore reach for tasks beyond your strength—even in so wide a world, where will you find a place to hide! That is something neither fool nor sage can fathom.”
65
又與會稽王昱箋曰：「為人臣者誰不願尊其主比隆前世！ 況遇難得之運哉！ 顧力有所不及，豈不可不權輕重而處之也！ 今雖有可喜之會，內求諸己，而所憂乃重於所喜。 功未可期，遺黎殲盡，勞役無時，徵求日重，以區區吳、越經緯天下十分之九，不亡何待！ 而不度德量力，不弊不己，此封內所痛心歎悼而莫敢吐誠者也。 『往者不可諫，來者猶可追。』 願殿下更垂三思，先為不可勝之基，鬚根立勢舉，謀之未晚。 若不行，恐糜鹿之遊，將不止林藪而已！ 願殿下暫廢虛遠之懷，以救倒懸之急，可謂以亡為存，轉禍為福也。」 不從。
He also sent a letter to Prince Kuaiji Wang Yu: "What minister does not wish to raise his sovereign to the glory of former dynasties! How much more when fortune offers a chance so rare! When one sees that power is insufficient, should one not measure what is light against what is heavy and act accordingly! Though there are grounds for rejoicing, if you look within, your anxieties outweigh your satisfactions. Victory is still remote, the remnant population is being consumed, labor service never ends, and levies grow heavier by the day—yet tiny Wu and Yue must bear nine-tenths of the empire's weight. How can we escape ruin! Yet you refuse to weigh your virtue against your strength and will not stop until all is broken—this is what the people within your domain mourn in silence, too afraid to speak plainly. 'The past cannot be changed, but the future may still be amended.' I beg Your Highness to think again and again: first establish a base that cannot be overcome, let roots take hold and power stand firm, and only then move—there is still time. If you do not, I fear the roaming of elk will not stop at woods and thickets alone! I urge Your Highness to lay aside for now your far-reaching schemes and relieve this peril, acute as a man hanging by his heels—to do so would be to turn death into life and disaster into good fortune." His counsel was not followed.
66
九月，浩屯泗口，遣河南太守戴施據石門，滎陽太守劉遯據倉垣。 浩以軍興，罷遣太學生徒，學校由此遂廢。
In the ninth month Yin Hao encamped at Sikou. He sent Henan Administrator Dai Shi to occupy Shimen and Xingyang Administrator Liu Zun to hold Cangyuan. To supply the army, Yin Hao dismissed the students of the Imperial University, and formal schooling lapsed from that time.
67
冬，十月，謝尚遣冠軍將軍王俠攻許昌，克之。 秦豫州刺史楊群退屯弘農。 徵尚為給事中，戍石頭。
In winter, the tenth month, Xie Shang dispatched Champion General Wang Xia against Xuchang. The city fell. Yang Qun, Inspector of Yuzhou for Former Qin, fell back to defend Hongnong. Xie Shang was recalled to serve as Attendant Within the Palace and took up garrison duty at Shitou.
68
丁卯，燕王俊還薊。
On dingmao Murong Jun of Yan returned to Ji.
69
故趙將擁兵據州郡者，各遣使降燕； 燕王俊以王擢為益州刺史，夔逸為秦州刺史，張平為并州刺史，李歷為兗州刺史，高昌為安西將軍，劉寧為車騎將軍。
Former Zhao commanders who still held armies and controlled prefectures and commanderies each sent envoys to surrender to Yan; Murong Jun named Wang Zhuo Inspector of Yizhou, Kui Yi Inspector of Qinzhou, Zhang Ping Inspector of Bingzhou, Li Li Inspector of Yanzhou, Gao Chang General Who Guards the West, and Liu Ning General of Chariots and Cavalry.
70
慕容恪屯安平，積糧，治攻具，將討王午。 丙戌，中山蘇林起兵於無極，自稱天子； 恪自魯口還討林。 閏月，戊子，燕王俊遣廣威將軍慕輿根助恪攻林，斬之。 王午為其將秦興所殺。 呂護殺興，復自稱安國王。
Murong Ke encamped at Anping, stockpiled grain, readied siege engines, and prepared to attack Wang Wu. On bingxu Su Lin of Zhongshan rebelled at Wuji and declared himself emperor; Ke marched back from Lukou to suppress Lin. In the intercalary month, on wuzi, Murong Jun dispatched General of Broad Authority Murong Gen to help Ke attack Lin. Lin was executed. Wang Wu was slain by his own officer Qin Xing. Lü Hu murdered Xing and once more proclaimed himself King of An'guo.
71
燕群僚共上尊號於燕王俊，俊許之。 十一月，丁卯，始置百官，以國相封弈為太尉，左長史陽騖為尚書令，右司馬皇甫真為尚書左僕射，典書令張悕為右僕射； 其餘文武，拜授有差。 戊辰，俊即皇帝位，大赦。 自謂獲傳國璽，改元元璽。 追尊武宣王為高祖武宣皇帝，文明王為太祖文明皇帝。 時晉使適至燕，俊謂曰：「汝還，白汝天子：我承人乏，為中國所推，已為帝矣！」 改司州為中州，建留臺於龍都，以玄菟太守乙逸為尚書，專委留務。
The officials of Yan jointly urged Murong Jun to accept an imperial title, and he agreed. In the eleventh month, on dingmao, he first installed the full bureaucracy: Grand Chancellor Feng Yi became Grand Commandant, Left Chief Clerk Yang Yu Secretariat Director, Right Marshal Huangfu Zhen Left Vice Director of the Secretariat, and Director of Documents Zhang Xi Right Vice Director; All other civil and military officers were promoted and assigned according to rank. On wuchen Murong Jun took the imperial throne and declared a general amnesty. Because he believed he possessed the Imperial Seal, he adopted the era name Yuanxi. He elevated the Martial Accomplishment King posthumously to High Ancestor Martial Accomplishment Emperor and the Civilized King to Grand Ancestor Civilized Emperor. A Jin envoy happened to arrive in Yan just then. Murong Jun told him: "Return and inform your Son of Heaven: pressed by the people's want and acclaimed within China, I have already become emperor! He renamed Sizhou Zhongzhou, set up a secondary capital at Longdu, and appointed Yi Yi, Commandant of Xuantu, as Secretariat officer with full charge of affairs there.
72
秦丞相雄攻王擢於隴西，擢奔涼州，雄還屯隴東。 張重華以擢為征虜將軍、秦州刺史，特寵待之。
Former Qin's Chancellor Fu Xiong attacked Wang Zhuo in Longxi. Zhuo fled to Liangzhou, and Xiong withdrew to encamp in Longdong. Zhang Chonghua made Zhuo General Who Subdues the Barbarians and Inspector of Qinzhou and treated him with special honor.
73
春，正月，乙卯朔，大赦。
In spring, the first month, on the first day yimao, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
74
二月，庚子，燕王俊立其妃可足渾氏為皇后，世子曄為皇太子，皆自龍城遷於薊宮。
In the second month, on gengzi, Murong Jun installed his consort Lady Kebulun as empress and his heir Ye as crown prince. Both were moved from Longcheng into the palace at Ji.
75
張重華遣將軍張弘、宋修會王擢帥騎萬五千伐秦。 秦丞相雄、衛將軍菁拒之，大敗涼兵於龍黎，斬首萬二千級，虜張弘、宋修，王擢棄秦州，奔姑臧。 秦主健以領軍將軍苻願為秦州刺史，鎮上邽。
Zhang Chonghua dispatched Generals Zhang Hong and Song Xiu to join Wang Zhuo in leading fifteen thousand horsemen against Former Qin. Chancellor Fu Xiong and Guard General Fu Jing met them and routed the Liang army at Longli, taking twelve thousand heads and capturing Zhang Hong and Song Xiu. Wang Zhuo abandoned Qinzhou and fled to Guzang. Fu Jian appointed Guards General Fu Yuan Inspector of Qinzhou and stationed him at Shanggui.
76
三月，交州刺史阮敷討林邑，破五十餘壘。
In the third month Inspector of Jiaozhou Ruan Fu attacked Linyi and stormed more than fifty strongholds.
77
趙故衛尉常山李犢聚眾數千人叛燕。
Li Du of Changshan, former Commandant of the Guards under Zhao, mustered several thousand men and rebelled against Yan.
78
西域胡劉康詐稱劉曜子，聚眾於平陽，自稱晉王； 夏，四月，秦左衛將軍苻飛討擒之。
A barbarian from the Western Regions, Liu Kang, falsely claimed to be Liu Yao's son, raised troops at Pingyang, and proclaimed himself King of Jin; In summer, the fourth month, Former Qin's Left Guards General Fu Fei seized him.
79
以安西將軍謝尚為尚書僕射。
Xie Shang, General Who Guards the West, was appointed Vice Director of the Secretariat.
80
五月，張重華復使王擢帥眾二萬伐上邽，秦州郡縣多應之； 苻願戰敗，奔長安。 重華因上疏請伐秦。 詔進重華涼州牧。
In the fifth month Zhang Chonghua again sent Wang Zhuo with twenty thousand men against Shanggui. Many Qin prefectures and commanderies rose in his support; Fu Yuan was beaten in battle and fled to Chang'an. Chonghua thereupon submitted a memorial asking leave to campaign against Qin. An imperial edict promoted Chonghua to Governor of Liangzhou.
81
燕主俊遣衛將軍恪討李犢，犢降，遂東擊呂護於魯口。
Murong Jun sent Guard General Murong Ke against Li Du. Du surrendered, and Ke then marched east to attack Lü Hu at Lukou.
82
六月，秦苻飛攻氐王楊初於仇池，為初所敗。 丞相雄、平昌王菁帥步騎四萬屯於隴東。
In the sixth month Fu Fei of Former Qin attacked the Di chieftain Yang Chu at Qiuchi and was defeated. Chancellor Fu Xiong and Prince of Pingchang Fu Jing led forty thousand foot and horse to encamp in Longdong.
83
秦主健納張遇繼母韓氏為昭儀，數於眾中謂遇曰：「卿，吾假子也。」 遇恥之，因雄等精兵在外，陰結關中豪傑，欲滅苻氏，以其地來降。 秋，七月，遇與黃門劉晁謀夜襲健，晃約開門以待之。 會健使晃出外，晃固辭，不得已而行。 遇不知，引兵至門，門不開。 事覺，伏誅。 於是孔持起池陽，劉珍、夏侯顯起鄠，喬秉起雍，胡陽赤起司竹，呼延毒起灞城，眾數萬人，各遣使來請兵。
Fu Jian took Zhang Yu's stepmother Lady Han as Brilliant Companion. More than once before the court he told Yu: "You are my adopted son. Yu was humiliated. With Xiong and the other commanders holding crack troops in the field, he secretly allied with the leading families of Guanzhong, plotting to overthrow the Fu house and offer the land in submission. In autumn, the seventh month, Zhang Yu conspired with Palace Attendant Liu Chao for a night assault on Fu Jian. Chao promised to open the gate and admit them. Just then Fu Jian sent Chao away on business. Chao pleaded to stay but was compelled to leave. Yu knew nothing of this. He brought his force to the gate, but the gate remained shut. The plot was exposed, and both men were put to death. Thereupon Kong Chi rebelled at Chiyang; Liu Zhen and Xiahou Xian at Hu; Qiao Bing at Yong; Hu Yangchi at Sizhu; and Huyan Du at Bacheng. Each raised tens of thousands of men and sent envoys asking for reinforcements.
84
秦以左僕射魚遵為司空。
Former Qin appointed Left Vice Director Yu Zun Minister of Works.
85
九月，秦丞相雄帥眾二萬還長安，遣平昌王菁略定上洛，置荊州於豐陽川，以步兵校尉金城郭敬為刺史。 雄與清河王法、苻飛分討孔持等。
In the ninth month Chancellor Xiong returned to Chang'an with twenty thousand men, sent Prince of Pingchang Jing to secure Shangluo, established Jingzhou along the Fengyang River, and named Infantry Commandant Jin Cheng Jingui its inspector. Xiong, together with Prince of Qinghe Fu Fa and Fu Fei, split their armies to suppress Kong Chi and the rest.
86
姚襄屯歷陽，以燕、秦方強，未有北伐之志，乃夾淮廣興屯田，訓厲將士。 殷浩在壽春，惡其強盛，囚襄諸弟，屢遣刺客刺之，刺客皆以情告襄。 安北將軍魏統卒，弟憬代領部曲。 浩潛遣憬帥眾五千襲之，襄斬憬，並其眾。 浩愈惡之，使龍驤將軍劉啟守譙，遷襄於梁國蠡臺，表授梁國內史。
Yao Xiang was stationed at Liyang. With Yan and Qin growing powerful, he had no mind for a northern campaign. Instead he opened large garrison farms along both sides of the Huai and trained his troops. Yin Hao, at Shouchun, resented Yao Xiang's power. He imprisoned Xiang's younger brothers and sent assassins again and again; each assassin confessed the plot to Xiang. General Who Pacifies the North Wei Tong died, and his younger brother Wei Jing took over his forces. Yin Hao secretly dispatched Wei Jing with five thousand men to strike Xiang by surprise. Xiang killed Jing and incorporated his soldiers. Hao hated him still more. He posted Flying Dragon General Liu Qi at Qiao, transferred Xiang to Li Terrace in Liang, and memorialized to make him Administrator of Liang.
87
魏憬子弟數往來壽春，襄益疑懼，遣參軍權翼使於浩。 浩曰：「身與姚平北共為王臣，休戚同之。 平北每舉動自專，甚失輔車之理，豈所望也！」 翼曰：「平北英姿絕世，擁兵數萬而遠歸晉室者，以朝廷有道，宰輔明哲故也。 今將軍輕信讒慝之言，與平北有隙，愚謂猜嫌之端，在此不在彼也。」 浩曰：「平北姿性豪邁，生殺自由，又縱小人掠奪吾馬。 王臣之體，固若是乎？」 翼曰：「平北歸命聖朝，豈肯妄殺無辜！ 奸宄之人，亦王法所不容也，殺之何害！」 浩曰：「然則掠馬何也？」 翼曰：「將軍謂平北雄武難制，終將討之，故取馬欲以自衛耳。」 浩笑曰：「何至是也！」
Wei Jing's sons and nephews traveled frequently to Shouchun. Xiang grew increasingly uneasy and sent his aide Quan Yi to Yin Hao. Hao said: "Pacifier of the North Yao and I are both servants of the throne. Our fortunes are bound together. Yet he acts on his own in every matter, which utterly breaks the bond that should join us. How can that be what anyone wishes!" Quan Yi replied: "Pacifier of the North's brilliance is unequaled in our time. That he commands tens of thousands of men and has come from afar to serve Jin is because the court holds to the Way and its leaders are wise. Now you lend credence to malicious talk and turn against him. I believe the source of distrust is on this side, not on his." Hao said: "His temperament is proud and violent. He puts people to death as he pleases, and he even lets his followers steal my horses. Is that the conduct of a loyal minister?" Quan Yi said: "Having submitted to the sacred court, how could he slaughter the innocent at random! Villains are precisely what the law condemns. What wrong is there in executing them!" Hao said: "Then what of the stolen horses?" Quan Yi said: "You regard Pacifier of the North as too strong to govern and expect one day to move against him. He seized the horses only to defend himself." Hao laughed and said, "Surely it need not go that far!"
88
初，浩陰遣人誘秦梁安、雷弱兒，使殺秦主健，許以關右之任，弱兒偽許之，且請兵應接。 浩聞張遇作亂，健兄子輔國將軍黃眉自洛陽西奔，以為安等事已成。 冬，十月，浩自壽春帥眾七萬北伐，欲進據洛陽，修復園陵。 吏部尚書王彪之上會稽王昱箋，以為：「弱兒等容有詐偽，浩未應輕進。」 不從。 浩以姚襄為前驅。 襄引兵北行，度浩將至，詐令部眾夜遁，陰伏甲以邀之。 浩聞而追襄至山桑。 襄縱兵擊之，浩大敗，棄輜重，走保譙城。 襄俘斬萬餘，悉收其資仗，使兄益守山桑，襄復加淮南。 會稽王昱謂王彪之曰：「君言無不中，張、陳無以過也！」 西平敬烈公張重華有疾，子曜靈才十歲，立為世子，赦其境內。 重華庶兄長寧侯祚，有勇力、吏干，而傾巧善事內外，與重華嬖臣趙長、尉緝等結異姓兄弟。 都尉常據請出之，重華曰：「吾方以祚為周公，使輔幼子，君是何言也！」
Earlier, Hao had secretly sent agents to win over the Former Qin generals Liang An and Lei Ruor, urging them to assassinate Emperor Jian in exchange for authority over the Guanzhong region. Ruor pretended to consent and asked for reinforcements to coordinate the strike. When word reached Hao that Zhang Yu had rebelled and that Huang Mei, Jian's nephew and Assistant-state General, had fled west from Luoyang, Hao assumed Liang An's plot had already succeeded. In winter, the tenth month, Hao marched north from Shouchun at the head of seventy thousand troops, aiming to take Luoyang and restore the Jin imperial tombs. “Wang Biaozhi, Minister of Personnel, wrote to Prince Yu of Kuaiji warning that Ruor's pledge might be a ruse and that Hao should not rush his advance.” His counsel was ignored. Hao appointed Yao Xiang to lead the van. Xiang marched north, and when he judged Hao was near, he staged a night retreat while hiding armed men to spring an ambush. Hao gave chase upon hearing the report and pursued Xiang to Shansang. Xiang counterattacked in force. Hao was routed, abandoned his supply train, and fled to the refuge of Qiao. Xiang killed or captured more than ten thousand men, seized their weapons and stores, left his brother Yi to hold Shansang, and pushed once more into Huainan. Prince Yu told Biaozhi, "Your predictions never fail. You stand with Zhang Liang and Chen Ping themselves." Zhang Chonghua, Duke Jinglie of Xiping, took ill. His son Yaoling, only ten years old, was named heir, and a general amnesty was declared throughout the domain. Chonghua's older half-brother Zhang Zuo, Marquis of Changning, was bold, capable, and politically shrewd. He cultivated court insiders and outsiders alike and formed a sworn brotherhood with favorites such as Zhao Chang and Wei Ji. Commandant Chang Ju urged that Zuo be sent away. Chonghua replied, "I mean to make Zuo my Duke of Zhou to guide my young heir. What sort of talk is that?"
89
謝艾以枹罕之功有寵於重華，左右疾之，譖艾，出為酒泉太守。 艾上疏言：「權幸用事，公室將危，乞聽臣入侍。」 且言：「長寧侯祚及趙長等將為亂，宜盡逐之。」 十一月，己未，重華疾甚，手令徵艾為衛將軍，監中外諸軍事，輔政； 祚、長等匿而不宜。
Xie Ai had won favor at court for his victory at Baohan, but rivals at Chonghua's side denounced him until he was banished to the post of Administrator of Jiuquan. “In a memorial Xie Ai warned that favored officials were steering the state toward ruin and begged permission to return to court.” “He also named Zhang Zuo and Zhao Chang as men plotting rebellion and urged that they be removed entirely.” On the jiwei day of the eleventh month Chonghua was dying. By his own hand he summoned Xie Ai back as Palace Guard General and superintendent of all armies to share power at court; Zhang Zuo and Zhao Chang suppressed the edict and never made it public.
90
丁卯，重華卒，世子曜靈立，稱大司馬、涼州刺史、西平公。 趙長等矯重華遺令，以長寧侯祚為都督中外諸軍事、撫軍大將軍，輔政。
Chonghua died on dingmao. The young heir Yaoling took the throne, assuming the titles Grand Marshal, Inspector of Liang, and Duke of Xiping. Zhao Chang and his faction forged a final testament naming Zhang Zuo supreme commander and Suppressing-armies Grand General, putting the regency in his hands.
91
殷浩使部將劉啟、王彬之攻姚益於山桑。 姚襄自淮南擊之，啟、彬之皆敗死。 襄進據芍陂。
Yin Hao ordered Liu Qi and Wang Binzhi to assault Yao Yi, Xiang's brother, at Shansang. Yao Xiang countered from Huainan and killed both generals in defeat. Xiang then seized the Quebei reservoir district.
92
趙末，樂陵朱禿、平原杜能、清河丁嬈、陽平孫元各擁兵分據城邑，至是皆請降於燕； 燕主俊以禿為青州刺史，能為平原太守，嬈為立節將軍，元為兗州刺史，各留撫其營。
In the closing years of Later Zhao, Zhu Tu, Du Neng, Ding Rao, and Sun Yuan had each seized local strongholds with private armies. Now all of them offered submission to Yan; Murong Jun appointed them regional commanders but let each man retain his troops to keep his district quiet.
93
秦丞相雄克池陽，斬孔特。 十二月，清河王法、苻飛克鄠，斬劉珍、夏侯顯。
Fu Xiong, Former Qin's chancellor, captured Chiyang and executed Kong Te. In the twelfth month Fu Fa, Prince of Qinghe, and Fu Fei took the city of E and killed Liu Zhen and Xiahou Xian.
94
姚襄濟淮，屯盱眙，招掠流民，眾至七萬，分置守宰，勸課農桑； 遣使詣建康罪狀殷浩，並自陳謝。 詔以謝尚都督江西、淮南諸軍事、豫州刺史，鎮歷陽。
Yao Xiang crossed the Huai to camp at Xuyi, where he gathered refugees until his force reached seventy thousand. He appointed officials, promoted agriculture, and restored order; and sent envoys to the Jin capital both to denounce Yin Hao and to plead his own case. The court named Xie Shang commander on the Jiang-Huai front with his base at Liyang.
95
涼右長史趙長等建議，以為：「時難未夷，宜立長君，曜靈沖幼，請立長寧侯祚。」 張祚先得幸於重華之母馬氏，馬氏許之，乃廢張曜靈為涼寧侯，立祚為大都督、大將軍、涼州牧、涼公。 祚既得志，恣為淫虐，殺重華妃裴氏及謝艾。
“Zhao Chang and the Liang clerks argued that perilous times called for an adult ruler and asked that the throne go to Zhang Zuo rather than the child Yaoling.” Zhang Zuo had already won over Chonghua's mother, Lady Ma. With her consent he deposed Yaoling to Marquis Ning of Liang and enthroned himself as grand commander, generalissimo, governor, and Duke of Liang. Secure in power, Zhang Zuo indulged in cruelty, murdering Chonghua's consort Lady Pei and Xie Ai.
96
燕衛將軍恪、撫軍將軍軍、左將軍彪等屢薦給事黃門侍郎霸有命世之才，宜總大任。 是歲，燕主俊以霸為使持節、安東將軍、北冀州剌史，鎮常山。
Murong Ke, Murong Jun the Suppressing-armies General, Murong Biao, and other Yan officers repeatedly praised Murong Ba as a once-in-a-generation statesman worthy of supreme command. That year Murong Jun named Murong Ba Pacifier of the East and Inspector of Northern Ji, with his headquarters at Changshan.
97
春，正月，張祚自稱涼王，改建興四十二年為和平元年。 立妻辛氏為王后，子太和為太子，封弟天錫為長寧侯，子庭堅為建康侯，曜靈弟玄靚為涼武侯。 置百官，郊祀天地，用天子禮樂。 尚書馬岌切諫，坐免官。 郎中丁琪復諫曰：「我自武公以來，世守臣節，抱忠履謙五十餘年，故能以一州大眾，抗舉世之虜，師徒歲起，民不告疲。 殿下勳德未高於先公，而亟謀革命，臣未見其可也。 彼士民所以用命，四遠所以歸向者，以吾能奉晉室故也。 今而自尊，則中外離心，安能以一隅之地，拒天下之強敵乎！」 祚大怒，斬之於闕下。
In spring, the first month, Zhang Zuo declared himself King of Liang and proclaimed a new era, renaming the forty-second year of Jianxing as the first year of Heping (Peace). He named his wife Queen Xin, his son Taihe crown prince, and ennobled his kin, including his brother Tiansi and his nephew Xuanjing. He filled out an imperial bureaucracy, performed suburban sacrifices, and adopted the rites and music reserved for an emperor. Secretary Director Ma Ji protested forcefully and was stripped of his post. Gentleman Ding Qi warned again: "Since Duke Wu our house has kept faith with Jin for fifty years. That loyalty let one province defy the empires of the north year after year without breaking the people. Your own achievements do not surpass your forebears', yet you rush toward usurpation. I see no hope in it. Officers and people obey us, and distant lands incline our way, only because we hold loyal to Jin. Raise yourself now and you shatter that bond. How will one corner of the realm stand against every great power in the land?" Zhang Zuo flew into a rage and had him executed before the palace gates.
98
故魏降將周成反，自宛襲洛陽。 辛酉，河南太守戴施奔鮪渚。 秦丞相雄克司竹。 胡陽赤奔霸城，依呼延毒。
Zhou Cheng, a former Wei defector, rebelled and attacked Luoyang from Wan. On xinyou the Henan administrator Dai Shi fled to Wozhu. Former Qin's chancellor Fu Xiong captured Sizhu. Hu Yang Chi fled to Bacheng and threw in his lot with Huyan Du.
99
中軍將軍、揚州刺史殷浩連年北伐，師徒屢敗，糧械都盡。 征西將軍桓溫因朝野之怨，上疏數浩之罪，請廢之。 朝廷不得已，免浩為庶人，徙東陽之信安。 自此內外大權一歸於溫矣。
Yin Hao, Central Army General and Yangzhou inspector, had led repeated northern campaigns that ended in defeat after defeat until his armies were stripped of food and arms. Huan Wen seized on public anger to memorialize the throne with a tally of Hao's failures and demand his removal. The court reluctantly cashiered him to commoner status and exiled him to Xin'an in Dongyang. From that moment power at court and in the provinces flowed to Huan Wen alone.
100
浩少與溫齊名，而心競不相下，溫常輕之。 浩既廢黜，雖愁怨，不形辭色，常書空作「咄咄怪事」字。 久之，溫謂掾郗超曰：「浩有德有言，向為令僕，足以儀刑百揆，朝廷用違其才耳。」 將以浩為尚書令，以書告之。 浩欣然許焉，將答書，慮有謬誤，開閉者十數，竟達空函。 溫大怒，由是遂絕，卒於徙所。 以前會稽內史王述為揚州刺史。
In their youth Yin Hao had matched Huan Wen in reputation, yet the two men rivaled each other relentlessly, and Wen held him in contempt. After his fall Hao hid his bitterness behind an even face and would trace in the air the words "Alas — how strange!" Long afterward Wen told his aide Xi Chao, "Hao has learning and integrity. As a chief minister he could have guided the whole administration. The court simply misused him." He now intended to restore him as Director of the Secretariat and sent word by letter. Hao accepted with delight. Drafting his reply he fretted over every phrase, revising it again and again until he dispatched an envelope with nothing inside. Wen was furious. The reconciliation died on the spot, and Hao ended his days in exile. Wang Shu, formerly interior minister of Kuaiji, was appointed inspector of Yangzhou.
101
二月，乙丑，桓溫統步騎四萬發江陵。 水軍自襄陽入均口，至南鄉，步兵自淅川趣武關，命司馬勳出子午道以伐秦。
On yichou in the second month Huan Wen marched from Jiangling at the head of forty thousand infantry and cavalry. His fleet advanced from Xiangyang through Jun Pass to Naxiang while his infantry struck for Wu Pass from Xichuan. Sima Xun was sent down the Ziwu Road to raid Qin.
102
燕衛將軍恪圍魯口，三月，拔之。 呂護奔野王，遣弟奉表謝罪於燕，燕以護為河內太守。
Murong Ke besieged Lukou and captured it in the third month. Lv Hu fled to Yewang and sent his brother to sue for mercy. Yan appointed him administrator of Henei.
103
姚襄遣使降燕。
Yao Xiang sent envoys offering submission to Yan.
104
燕主俊以慕容評為鎮南將軍，都督秦、雍、益、梁、江、揚、荊、徐、兗、豫十州諸軍事，權鎮洛水； 以慕容強為前鋒都督，督荊、徐二州、緣淮諸軍事，進據河南。
Murong Jun named Murong Ping Pacifier of the South with nominal command over ten provinces and discretionary authority along the Luo River; and put Murong Qiang in the vanguard to oversee the Huai front and seize the Henan region.
105
桓溫將攻上洛，獲秦荊州刺史郭敬； 進擊青泥，破之。 司馬勳掠秦西鄙，涼秦州刺史王擢攻陳倉以應溫。 秦主健遣太子萇、丞相雄、淮南王生、平昌王菁、北平王碩帥眾五萬軍於嶢柳以拒溫。 夏，四月，已亥，溫與秦兵戰於藍田。 秦淮南王生單騎突陳，出入以十數，殺傷晉將士甚眾。 溫督眾力戰，秦兵大敗； 將軍桓沖又敗秦丞相雄於白鹿原。 沖，溫之弟也。 溫轉戰而前，壬寅，進至灞上。 秦太子萇等退屯城南，秦主健與老弱六千固守長安小城，悉發精兵三萬，遣大司馬雷弱兒等與萇合兵以拒溫。 三輔郡縣皆來降，溫撫諭居民，使安堵復業。 民爭持牛酒迎勞，男女夾路觀之，耆老有垂泣者，曰：「不圖今日復睹官軍！」
Huan Wen moved against Shangluo and captured Former Qin's Jingzhou inspector Guo Jing; then stormed Qingni and broke through. Sima Xun raided the Qin west while Liang's Wang Zhuo attacked Chencang in coordination with Wen. Fu Jian sent Crown Prince Fu Chang, Chancellor Fu Xiong, Prince Fu Sheng of Huainan, and other princes with fifty thousand men to camp at Yaoliu and block Wen. In summer, the fourth month, on jihai Wen met the Qin army at Lantian. Prince Fu Sheng of Huainan charged alone through the Jin ranks a dozen times, slaughtering Jin troops wholesale. Wen drove his army hard and routed the Qin forces; his brother Huan Chong meanwhile crushed Chancellor Fu Xiong at Bailuyuan. Chong was Huan Wen's younger brother. Wen fought his way forward and on renyin reached Bashang, at the gates of Chang'an. Crown Prince Chang pulled back south of the city while Fu Jian held the inner walls of Chang'an with six thousand old men and civilians. Jian mustered thirty thousand picked troops and sent Grand Marshal Lei Ruor to reinforce the crown prince against Wen. The counties of the capital region submitted. Wen reassured the people and set them back to their trades. Civilians rushed forward with cattle and wine, lining the roads as the army passed. Elders wept openly: "We never thought to see the imperial banners again in our lifetime!"
106
秦丞相雄帥騎七千襲司馬勳於子午谷，破之，勳退屯女媧堡。
Fu Xiong struck Sima Xun in Ziwu Valley with seven thousand cavalry, broke him, and drove him back to Nüwa Fortress.
107
戊申，燕主俊封撫軍將軍軍為襄陽王，左將軍彭為武昌王； 以衛將軍恪為大司馬、侍中、大都督、錄尚書事，封太原王； 鎮南將軍評為司徒、驃騎將軍，封上庸王； 封安東將軍霸為吳王，左賢王友為范陽王，散騎常侍厲為下邳王，散騎常侍宜為廬江王，寧北將軍度為樂浪王； 又封弟桓為宜都王，逮為臨賀王，徽為河間王，龍為歷陽王，納為北海王，秀為蘭陵王，岳為安豐王，德為梁公，默為始安公，僂為南康公； 子咸為樂安王，亮為勃海王，溫為帶方王，涉為漁陽王，暐為中山王； 以尚書令陽騖為司空，仍守尚書令。 命冀州刺史吳王霸徙治信都。 初，燕王皝奇霸之才，故名之曰霸，將以為世子，群臣諫而止，然寵遇猶逾於世子。 由是俊惡之，以其嘗墜馬折齒，更名曰缺； 尋以其應讖文，更名曰垂； 遷侍中，錄留臺事，徙鎮龍城。 垂大得東北之和，俊愈惡之，復召還。
On wushen Murong Jun enfeoffed Murong Jun the Suppressing-armies General as Prince of Xiangyang and Murong Peng as Prince of Wuchang; named Murong Ke Grand Marshal and Recorder of the Secretariat as Prince of Taiyuan; elevated Murong Ping to Minister of Education and Flying-cavalry General as Prince of Shangyong; and raised a host of other kinsmen — Murong Ba as Prince of Wu among them, along with princes of Fanyang, Xiapi, Lujiang, and Liaodong; further ennobling younger brothers and cousins as princes and dukes across the realm; and investing his sons as kings of Lean, Bohai, Daifang, Yuyang, and Zhongshan; Yang Gu became Minister of Works while retaining the directorate. Murong Ba was ordered to transfer his Ji provincial seat to Xindu. Murong Huang had once admired Ba so greatly that he named him Ba — "supremacy" — and nearly made him heir until the ministers dissuaded him, though favor still outshone the crown prince's. Murong Jun therefore disliked him, and after a fall that broke his teeth renamed him Que, "broken"; then, finding his name matched a prophecy, renamed him Chui; promoted him to palace attendant to manage the eastern capital and posted him to Longcheng. Murong Chui won the wholehearted loyalty of the northeast, which only deepened Jun's suspicion and brought him back to the capital.
108
五月，江西流民郭敞等千餘人執陳留內史劉仕，降於姚襄。 建康震駭，以吏部尚書周閔為中軍將軍，屯中堂，豫州刺史謝尚自歷陽還衛京師，固江備守。
In the fifth month over a thousand refugees west of the Jiang seized Chenliu's interior minister Liu Shi and defected to Yao Xiang. The capital panicked. Zhou Min was named Central Army General and posted to Zhongtang while Xie Shang rushed back from Liyang to defend Jiankang and fortify the river line.
109
王擢拔陳倉，殺秦扶風內史毛難。
Wang Zhuo seized Chencang and killed Qin's Fufeng interior minister Mao Nan.
110
北海王猛，少好學，倜儻有大志，不屑細務，人皆輕之。 猛悠然自得，隱居華陰。 聞桓溫入關，披褐詣之，捫虱而談當世之務，旁若無人。 溫異之，問曰：「吾奉天子之命，將銳兵十萬為百姓除殘賊，而三秦豪傑未有至者，何也？」 猛曰：「公不遠數千里，深入敵境。 今長安咫尺，而不渡灞水，百姓未知公心，所以不至。」 溫嘿然無以應，徐曰：「江東無卿比也！」 乃署猛軍謀祭酒。
Wang Meng of Beihai was a gifted student with bold ambitions who scorned petty work, and most people underestimated him. He lived contentedly in seclusion at Huayin. Hearing that Huan Wen had entered the passes, he went to him in humble dress, picking lice as he discussed statecraft as though they were alone in the room. Wen was impressed and asked, "I march at the emperor's order with a hundred thousand men to destroy the oppressors—why have the leaders of the Three Qin not come to me? Meng answered, "You have marched thousands of li into enemy country. Chang'an is almost in sight, yet you will not cross the Ba River. The people do not yet know your intent—that is why they stay away." Wen fell silent, then said slowly, "There is no one like you in the southeast! He appointed Meng libationer for military planning.
111
溫與秦丞相雄等戰於白鹿原，溫兵不利，死者萬餘人。 初，溫指秦麥以為糧，既而秦人悉芟麥，清野以待之，溫軍乏食。
Wen fought Qin chancellor Fu Xiong at Bailu Plain and lost more than ten thousand men. Wen had counted on Qin wheat for supplies, but the Qin stripped the fields bare and his army went hungry.
112
六月，丁丑，徙關中三千餘戶而歸。 以王猛為高官督護，欲與俱還，猛辭不就。
In the sixth month, on the day dingchou, he relocated more than three thousand Guanzhong households and withdrew. He offered Wang Meng a senior post and asked him to return east; Meng refused.
113
呼延毒帥眾一萬從溫還。 秦太子萇等隨溫擊之，比至潼關，溫軍屢敗，失亡以萬數。
Huyan Du withdrew with Wen at the head of ten thousand men. Qin crown prince Chang pursued him; by Tong Pass Wen had lost battle after battle and tens of thousands of men.
114
溫之屯灞上也，順陽太守薛珍勸溫徑進逼長安，溫弗從。 珍以偏師獨濟，頗有所獲。 及溫退，乃還，顯言於眾，自矜其勇而咎溫之持重； 溫殺之。
While Wen camped at Ba, Shunyang prefect Xue Zhen urged a direct march on Chang'an; Wen refused. Zhen crossed with a detached force on his own and won some gains. After Wen withdrew, Zhen returned and boasted publicly of his courage while blaming Wen's caution; Wen had him executed.
115
秦丞相雄擊司馬勳、王擢於陳倉，勳奔漢中，擢奔略陽。
Qin chancellor Fu Xiong attacked Sima Xun and Wang Zhuo at Chencang; Xun fled to Hanzhong and Zhuo to Lueyang.
116
秦以光祿大夫趙俱為洛陽刺史，鎮宜陽。
Qin made palace counselor Zhao Ju Luoyang inspector at Yiyang.
117
秦東海敬武王雄攻喬秉於雍； 丙申，卒。 秦主健哭之嘔血，曰：「天不欲吾平四海邪？ 何奪吾元才之速也！」 贈魏王，葬禮依晉安平獻王故事。 雄以佐命無勳，位兼將相，權侔人主，而謙恭泛愛，遵奉法度，故健重之，常曰：「元才，吾之周公也。」 子堅襲爵。 堅性至孝，幼有志度，博學多能，交結英豪，呂婆樓、強汪及略陽梁平老皆與之善。
Qin's Revered Martial King of Donghai, Fu Xiong, attacked Qiao Bing at Yong; and on the day bingshen he died. Qin ruler Jian wept until he vomited blood and cried, "Does Heaven not want me to unite the realm? Why take Yuan Cai from me so soon!" He was posthumously created Prince of Wei with funeral honors matching Jin's Prince Xian of Anping. Though Xiong had not helped found the dynasty, he held both civil and military power equal to the throne, yet remained humble and law-abiding. Jian treasured him and often said, "Yuan Cai is my Duke of Zhou." His son Fu Jian inherited the title. Fu Jian was deeply filial, ambitious from youth, learned and capable, and drew heroes to him—including Lü Polou, Qiang Wang, and Liang Pinglao of Lueyang.
118
燕樂陵太守慕容鉤，翰之子也，與青州刺史朱禿共治厭次。 鉤自恃宗室，每陵侮禿，禿不勝忿。 秋，七月，襲鉤，殺之，南奔段龕。
Murong Gou, Leling prefect and son of Murong Han, governed Yanci jointly with Qing inspector Zhu Tu. Gou bullied Zhu Tu on the strength of his royal blood until Tu could endure no more. In autumn, the seventh month, he ambushed and killed Gou, then fled south to Duan Kan.
119
秦太子萇攻喬秉於雍。 八月，斬之，關中悉平。 秦主健賞拒桓溫之功，以雷弱兒為丞相，毛貴為太傅，魚遵為太尉，淮南王生為中軍大將軍，平昌王菁為司空。 健勤於政事，數延公卿咨講治道，承趙人苛虐奢侈之後，易以寬簡節儉，崇儒禮士，由是秦人悅之。
Qin crown prince Chang attacked Qiao Bing at Yong. In the eighth month he executed him, and Guanzhong was fully pacified. Jian rewarded those who had repelled Huan Wen: Lei Ruo'er became chancellor, Mao Gui grand tutor, Yu Zun grand commandant, Prince of Huainan Sheng central army commander, and Prince of Pingchang Jing minister of works. Jian worked tirelessly at government, consulting his ministers often. After Zhao's cruelty and excess, he ruled with leniency and thrift, honored learning and scholars, and won the people's affection.
120
燕大調兵眾，因發詔之日，號曰：「丙戌舉。」
Yan mobilized on a vast scale; because the edict went out on the day bingxu, men called it the "Bingxu levy."
121
九月，桓溫還自伐秦，帝遣侍中、黃門勞溫於襄陽。
In the ninth month Huan Wen returned from his Qin campaign; the emperor sent courtiers to welcome him at Xiangyang.
122
或告燕黃門侍郎宋斌等謀奉冉智為主而反，皆伏誅。 斌，燭之子也。
Someone accused Yan attendant Song Bin and others of plotting to restore Ran Zhi; all were executed. Bin was Zhu's son.
123
秦太子萇之拒桓溫也，為流矢所中，冬，十月，卒，謚曰獻哀。
Crown prince Chang, wounded by a stray arrow while fighting Huan Wen, died in winter, the tenth month, and was posthumously titled Lamented Offering.
124
燕王俊如龍城。
Yan ruler Jun traveled to Longcheng.
125
桓溫之入關也，王擢遣使告涼王祚，言溫善用兵，其志難測。 祚懼，且畏擢之叛己，遣人刺之。 事洩，祚益懼，大發兵，聲言東伐，實欲西保敦煌，會溫還而止。 既而遣秦州刺史牛霸等帥兵三千擊擢，破之。 十一月，擢帥眾降秦，秦以擢為尚書，以上將軍啖鐵為秦州刺史。
When Huan Wen entered the passes, Wang Zhuo warned Liang ruler Zhang Zuo that Wen was a formidable commander whose aims were unpredictable. Zuo, alarmed and fearing Zhuo might turn against him, sent assassins. The plot failed. Terrified, Zuo mobilized, claiming an eastern campaign while planning to flee west to Dunhuang—until Wen withdrew. He then sent Qin inspector Niu Ba with three thousand men against Zhuo and defeated him. In the eleventh month Zhuo submitted to Qin, which made him director of the secretariat and supreme general Tietie Qin inspector.
126
秦王健叔父武都王安自晉還，為姚襄所虜，以為洛州刺史。
Jian's uncle, Prince of Wudu An, returning from Jin, was captured by Yao Xiang and made Luo inspector.
127
十二月，安亡歸秦，健以安為大司馬、驃騎大將軍、并州刺史，鎮蒲板。
In the twelfth month An escaped back to Qin; Jian made him grand marshal, flying cavalry grand general, and Bing inspector at Puban.
128
是歲，秦大饑，米一升直布一匹。
That year Qin suffered famine so severe that a liter of rice cost a whole bolt of cloth.