1
資治通鑑第100卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 100
2
【晉紀二十二】起旃蒙單閼，盡屠維協洽，凡五年。
[Jin Records 22] From the Zhanmeng Danyan year through the Tuwei Xieqia year—five years in all.
3
孝宗穆皇帝中之下永和十一年（ 乙卯，公元三五五年）
The second half of Emperor Mu's middle reign period, the eleventh year of the Yonghe era ( the year yimao, corresponding to 355 CE)
4
春，正月，故仇池公楊毅弟宋奴使其姑子梁式王刺殺楊初； 初子國誅式王及宋奴，自立為仇池公。 桓溫表國為鎮北將軍、秦州刺史。
In the first month of spring, Song Nu, younger brother of the former Duke of Chouqi Yang Yi, had his sister's son Liang Shiwang assassinate Yang Chu; Yang Chu's son Guo killed Shiwang and Song Nu and declared himself Duke of Chouqi. Huan Wen recommended that Guo be appointed General Who Pacifies the North and Governor of Qin Province.
5
二月，秦大蝗，百草無遺，牛馬相噉毛。
In the second month, Former Qin was struck by a devastating locust plague that left no vegetation standing; cattle and horses were reduced to chewing each other's hair.
6
夏，四月，燕王俊自和龍還薊。 先是，幽、冀之人以俊為東遷，互相驚擾，所在屯結。 群臣請討之，俊曰：「群小以朕東巡，故相惑為亂耳。 今朕既至，尋當自定，不足討也。」
In the fourth month of summer, Murong Jun of Former Yan returned from Helong to Ji. Previously, the people of You and Ji provinces, thinking Murong Jun was relocating eastward, had panicked and formed armed encampments throughout the region. The ministers urged an attack, but Murong Jun said, "Petty folk have been stirred into disorder because they think I am relocating eastward. Now that I have arrived, they will soon quiet down on their own—there is no need to attack them."
7
蘭陵太守孫黑、濟北太守高柱、建興太守高甕及秦河內太守王會、黎陽太守韓高皆以郡降燕。
Sun Hei of Lanling, Gao Zhu of Jibei, Gao Weng of Jianxing, Wang Hui of Henei in Former Qin, and Han Gao of Liyang all surrendered their commanderies to Former Yan.
8
秦淮南王先幼無一目，性粗暴。 其祖父洪嘗戲之曰：「吾聞瞎兒一淚，信乎？」 生怒，引佩刀自刺出血，曰：「此亦一淚也。」 洪大驚，鞭之。 生曰：「性耐刀槊，不堪鞭棰！」 洪謂其父健曰：「此兒狂悖，宜早除之。 不然，必破人家。」 健將殺之，健弟雄止之曰：「兒長自應改，何可遽爾！」 及長，力舉千鈞，手格猛獸，走及奔馬，擊刺騎射，冠絕一時。 獻哀太子卒，強後欲立少子晉王柳； 秦主健以讖文有「三羊五眼」，乃立生為太子。 以司空、平昌王菁為太尉，尚書令王墮為司空，司隸校尉梁楞為尚書令。
Fu Sheng, Prince of Huainan in Former Qin, had been blind in one eye since childhood and was violent by nature. His grandfather Fu Hong once teased him, saying, "They say a blind child sheds only one tear—is that so?" Enraged, Sheng drew his belt knife and stabbed himself until he bled, saying, "Here is another tear." Hong was horrified and had him flogged. Sheng said, "I can endure blades and spears, but not the rod and whip!" Hong told his son Jian, "This boy is violent and rebellious—you should kill him while you still can. Otherwise he will surely destroy our house." Jian was about to kill him, but his younger brother Fu Xiong intervened: "When he grows up he will change—how can you act so rashly!" When he came of age, he could lift a thousand jun in strength, wrestle fierce beasts bare-handed, keep pace with galloping horses, and in thrusting, shooting, and mounted archery he had no peer of his generation. When the Offering of Mourning crown prince died, Empress Dowager Qiang wanted to install her younger son, Prince of Jin Liu; Ruler Fu Jian of Former Qin, because a prophecy spoke of "three sheep, five eyes," installed Sheng as crown prince instead. He appointed Minister of Works and Prince of Pingchang Fu Jing as Grand Commandant, Director of the Department of State Affairs Wang Duo as Minister of Works, and Director of the Imperial Secretariat Liang Leng as Director of the Department of State Affairs.
9
姚襄所部多勸襄北還，襄從之。 五月，襄攻冠軍將軍高季於外黃，會季卒，襄進據許昌。
Many of Yao Xiang's followers urged him to return north, and he agreed. In the fifth month, Yao Xiang attacked Champion General Gao Ji at Waihuang. Gao Ji died in the course of the campaign, and Xiang advanced to take Xuchang.
10
六月，丙子，秦主健寢疾。 庚辰，平昌王菁勒兵入東宮，將殺太子生而自立。 時生侍疾西宮，菁以為健已卒，攻東掖門。 健聞變，登端門，陳兵自衛。 眾見健，惶懼，皆捨仗逃散。 健執菁，數而殺之，餘無所問。
In the sixth month, on the day bingzi, Ruler Fu Jian of Former Qin fell gravely ill. On gengchen, Prince of Pingchang Fu Jing mobilized troops and entered the Eastern Palace, intending to kill Crown Prince Sheng and seize the throne for himself. Sheng was then attending his father in the Western Palace. Jing assumed Jian was already dead and assaulted the Eastern Wing Gate. Hearing of the coup, Jian mounted the Duan Gate and arrayed troops to defend himself. When the soldiers saw Jian still alive, they panicked, cast aside their weapons, and scattered. Jian seized Jing, recited his crimes, and executed him, but pursued no one else.
11
壬午，以大司馬、武都王安都督中外諸軍事。 甲申，健引太師魚遵、丞相雷弱兒、太傅毛貴、司空王墮、尚書令梁楞、左僕射梁安、右僕射段純、吏部尚書辛牢等受遺詔輔政。 健謂太子生曰：「六夷酋師及大臣執權者，若不從汝命，宜漸除之。」
On renwu, he appointed Grand Marshal and Prince of Wudu Fu An commander of all military affairs at court and in the field. On jiashen, Jian summoned Grand Preceptor Yu Zun, Chancellor Lei Ruo'er, Grand Tutor Mao Gui, Minister of Works Wang Duo, Director of the Department of State Affairs Liang Leng, Left Vice Director Liang An, Right Vice Director Duan Chun, Minister of Personnel Xin Lao, and others to receive his deathbed edict and serve as regents. Jian told Crown Prince Sheng, "If the chieftains of the six Di tribes or powerful ministers do not obey your orders, you should eliminate them step by step."
12
臣光曰：顧命大臣，所以輔導嗣子，為之羽翼也。 為之羽翼而教使剪之，能無斃乎！ 知其不忠。 則勿任而已矣。 任以大柄，又從而猜之，鮮有不召亂者也。
Sima Guang remarks: Ministers entrusted at the deathbed exist to guide the heir and serve as his wings. To give him wings and then teach him to clip them—how could he not come to ruin! If you know they are disloyal, then simply do not appoint them—that is all. To grant them great power and then turn suspicious—few such cases fail to invite rebellion.
13
乙酉，健卒，謚曰景明皇帝，廟號高祖。 丙戌，太子生即位，大赦，改元壽光。 群臣奏曰：「未逾年而改元，非禮也。」 生怒，窮推議主，得右僕射段純，殺之。
On yiyou, Fu Jian died. He was posthumously titled Emperor Jingming, with the temple name Gaozu. On bingxu, Crown Prince Sheng ascended the throne, proclaimed a general amnesty, and changed the era name to Shouguang. The ministers memorialized that changing the era name before a full year of mourning had passed was contrary to ritual. "Enraged, Sheng investigated until he found Right Vice Director Duan Chun, who had proposed it, and had him executed."
14
秋，七月，以吏部尚書周閔為左僕射。
In the seventh month of autumn, he appointed Minister of Personnel Zhou Min as Left Vice Director.
15
或告令稽五昱曰：「武陵五第中大修器仗，將謀非常。」 昱以去太常王彪之曰：「武陵王之志，盡於馳騁數豬而己耳，深願，靜之，以安異同之論，勿復以為言！」 昱善之。
Someone reported to Wu Yu, magistrate of Kuaiji, that the Prince of Wuling was stockpiling arms in his five residences and plotting treason. Wu Yu relayed this to the retired Grand Master of Ceremonies Wang Biaozhi, who replied, "The Prince of Wuling's ambition goes no further than racing pigs—I earnestly hope you will let this rest and quiet the talk; do not bring it up again! "Wu Yu was pleased with this advice."
16
秦主生尊母強氏曰皇太后，立妃梁氏為皇后。 梁氏，安之女也。 以其嬖臣太子門大夫南安趙韶為右僕射，太子舍人趙誨為中護軍，著作郎董榮為尚書。
Ruler Fu Sheng of Former Qin honored his mother Lady Qiang as empress dowager and installed his consort Lady Liang as empress. Lady Liang was the daughter of Liang An. He appointed his favorites—Palace Attendant of the Heir Apparent Zhao Shao of Nan'an as Right Vice Director, Heir Apparent Household Attendant Zhao Hui as Defender of the Army, and Editorial Director Dong Rong as Director of the Imperial Secretariat.
17
涼王祚淫虐無道，上下怨憤。 祚惡河州刺史張瓘之強，遣張掖太守索孚代瓘守枹罕，使瓘討叛胡，又遣其將易揣、張玲帥步騎萬三千以襲瓘。 張掖人王鸞知術數，言於祚曰：「此軍出，必不還，涼國將危。」 並陳祚三不道。 祚大怒，以鸞為妖言，斬以徇。 鸞臨刑曰：「我死，軍敗於外，王死於內，必矣！」 祚族滅之。 瓘聞之，斬孚，起兵擊祚，傳檄州郡，廢祚，以侯還第，復立涼寧侯曜靈。 易揣、張玲軍始濟河，瓘擊破之。 揣等單騎奔還，瓘軍躡之，姑臧振恐。 驍騎將軍敦煌宋混兄修，與祚有隙，懼禍。 八月，混與弟澄西走，合眾萬餘人以應瓘，還向姑臧。 祚遣楊秋胡將曜靈於東苑，拉其腰而殺之，埋於沙坑，謚曰哀公。 秦主生封衛大將軍黃眉為廣平王，前將軍飛為新興王，皆素所善也。 征大司馬武都王安領太尉。 以晉王柳為征東大將軍、并州牧，鎮蒲板； 魏王廋為鎮東大將軍、豫州牧，鎮陝城。 中書監胡文、中書令王魚言於生曰：「比有星孛於大角，熒惑入東井。 大角，帝坐； 東井，秦分； 於占不出三年，國有大喪，大臣戮死； 願陛下修德以禳之！」 生曰：「皇后與朕對臨天下，可以應在喪矣。 毛太傅、梁車騎、梁僕射受遺輔政，可以應大臣矣。」 九月，生殺梁後及毛貴、梁楞、梁安。 貴，後之舅也。 右僕射趙韶、中護軍趙誨，皆洛州刺史俱之從弟也，有寵於生，乃以俱為尚書令。 俱固辭以疾，謂韶、誨曰：「汝等不復顧祖宗，欲為滅門之事！ 毛、梁何罪，而誅之？ 吾何功，而代之？ 汝等可自為，吾其死矣！」 遂以憂卒。
Zhang Zuo, king of Former Liang, was licentious and cruel beyond measure, and resentment ran from court to commoners. Zuo resented the power of Zhang Guan, governor of Hezhou. He sent Zhangye administrator Suo Fu to replace Guan at Fuhan, ordered Guan to campaign against rebel Hu tribes, and dispatched generals Yi Chuai and Zhang Ling with thirteen thousand infantry and cavalry to ambush him. Wang Luan of Zhangye, versed in divination, warned Zuo, "This army will not return, and Former Liang will be in peril. He also enumerated three crimes by which Zuo had violated the Way. Zuo flew into a rage, denounced Luan's words as sorcery, and had him beheaded as a public warning. Facing execution, Luan said, "When I die, your army will be defeated abroad and you will die at home—it is certain! Zuo then exterminated his entire clan. Hearing this, Zhang Guan executed Suo Fu, raised troops against Zuo, and issued proclamations through the provinces deposing Zuo, reducing him to a marquis in his private residence, and restoring Marquis of Liangning Zhang Yao Ling to the throne. As Yi Chuai and Zhang Ling's forces were crossing the river, Guan attacked and routed them. Chuai and the others fled back alone on horseback while Guan's army pursued; panic seized Guzang. Song Xiu, elder brother of Dunhuang's Valiant Cavalry General Song Hun, had a feud with Zuo and feared reprisal. In the eighth month, Song Hun and his younger brother Song Cheng fled west, rallied more than ten thousand men to join Zhang Guan, and marched on Guzang. Zuo sent Yang Qiuhu to take Yao Ling to the Eastern Park, where he broke the boy's back and killed him, buried him in a sand pit, and gave him the posthumous title Duke Ai. Ruler Fu Sheng enfeoffed Defender of the Realm Huang Mei as Prince of Guangping and Forward General Fei as Prince of Xinxing—both longtime favorites. He appointed campaigning Grand Marshal and Prince of Wudu Fu An as Grand Commandant. He appointed Prince of Jin Liu as campaigning eastern general-in-chief and governor of Bing Province, stationed at Puban; and Prince of Wei Fu Sou as stabilizing eastern general-in-chief and governor of Yu Province, stationed at Shancheng. Supervisor of the Palace Secretariat Hu Wen and Director Wang Yu told Sheng, "A comet has lately appeared at Great Horn, and Mars has entered Eastern Well. Great Horn is the seat of the emperor; Eastern Well is the astral domain of Qin; by the prognostications, within three years the state will suffer a great mourning and high ministers will be put to death; Your Majesty should cultivate virtue to avert these omens! Sheng replied, "The empress and I rule together—she can fulfill the mourning. Grand Tutor Mao, Cavalry General-in-Chief Liang, and Vice Director Liang were entrusted at the deathbed—they can fulfill the ministers' part. In the ninth month, Sheng executed Empress Liang along with Mao Gui, Liang Leng, and Liang An. Mao Gui was the empress's uncle. Right Vice Director Zhao Shao and Defender of the Army Zhao Hui were younger cousins of Luo Province governor Zhao Ju and favorites of Sheng; he therefore appointed Ju as Director of the Department of State Affairs. Ju firmly declined on grounds of illness and told Shao and Hui, "You no longer care for our ancestors—you mean to bring ruin on the entire clan! What crime did Mao and the Liangs commit to deserve execution? What merit have I that I should take their place? Do as you please—I am as good as dead! He soon died of grief."
18
涼宋混軍於武始大澤，為曜靈發哀。 閏月，混軍至姑臧，涼王祚收張瓘弟琚及子嵩，將殺之。 琚、嵩聞之，募市人數百，揚言：「張祚無道，我兄大軍已至城東，敢舉手者誅三族！」 遂開西門納混兵。 領軍將軍趙長等懼罪，入閣呼張重華母馬氏出殿，立涼武侯玄靚為主。 易揣等引兵入殿，收長等，殺之。 祚按劍殿上，大呼，叱左右力戰。 祚素失眾心，莫肯為之鬥者，遂為兵人所殺。 混等梟其首，宣示內外，暴屍道左，城內咸稱萬歲。 以庶人禮葬之，並殺其二子。 混、琚上玄靚為大將軍、涼州牧、西平公，赦境內，復稱建興四十三年。 時玄靚始七歲。
Song Hun's Liang army encamped at the Great Marsh of Wushi to mourn Zhang Yao Ling. In the intercalary month, Hun's army reached Guzang. Zhang Zuo arrested Zhang Guan's younger brother Zhang Ju and his son Zhang Song, intending to execute them. Hearing this, Ju and Song recruited several hundred townspeople and proclaimed, "Zhang Zuo is a tyrant! My brother's army has reached the east gate—anyone who lifts a hand against us will have three generations exterminated! They then opened the western gate and admitted Song Hun's troops. Camp Commandant Zhao Chang and others, fearing retribution, entered the inner quarters and brought Zhang Chonghua's mother Lady Ma from the hall, installing Marquis of Liangwu Zhang Xuan Jing as ruler. Yi Chuai and his men led troops into the hall, seized Zhao Chang and his associates, and killed them. Zhang Zuo drew his sword on the hall steps, shouted orders, and commanded his attendants to fight to the death. Zuo had long since lost the people's loyalty; no one would fight for him, and the soldiers killed him. Song Hun's men displayed Zuo's head on a pole, proclaimed it throughout the city, left his corpse exposed by the roadside, and the whole city shouted acclaim. They buried him with commoner's rites and executed his two sons as well. Song Hun and Zhang Ju installed Zhang Xuan Jing as Great General, governor of Liang Province, and Duke of Xiping; they proclaimed an amnesty and restored the era name Jianxing, year forty-three. Xuan Jing was only seven years old at the time.
19
張瓘至姑臧，推玄靚為涼王，自為使持節、都督中外諸軍事、尚書令、涼州牧、張掖郡公，以宋混為尚書僕射。 隴西人李儼據郡，不受瓘命，用江東年號，眾多歸之。 瓘遣其將牛霸討之，未至，西平人衛綝亦據郡叛，霸兵潰，奔還。 瓘遣弟琚擊綝，敗之。 酒泉太守馬基起兵以應綝，瓘遣司馬張姚、王國擊斬之。
When Zhang Guan reached Guzang, he installed Zhang Xuan Jing as king of Liang and took for himself the titles of Bearer of the Staff of Authority, commander of all military affairs, Director of the Department of State Affairs, governor of Liang Province, and Duke of Zhangye, appointing Song Hun as Vice Director. Li Yan of Longxi held his commandery independently, refused Zhang Guan's authority, adopted the era names of the Eastern Jin court, and drew many followers. Zhang Guan sent his general Niu Ba to suppress him, but before Ba arrived, Wei Lin of Xiping also rebelled and seized his commandery; Ba's army collapsed and retreated. Zhang Guan sent his younger brother Zhang Ju to attack Wei Lin and defeated him. Jiuquan administrator Ma Ji raised troops in support of Lin; Zhang Guan sent marshals Zhang Yao and Wang Guo to attack and execute him.
20
冬，十月，以豫州刺史謝尚督並、冀、幽三州，鎮壽春。
In the tenth month of winter, Xie Shang, governor of Yu Province, was appointed to oversee Bing, Ji, and You provinces and stationed at Shouchun.
21
鎮北將軍段龕與燕主俊書，抗中表之儀，非其稱帝。 俊怒，十一月，以太原王恪為大都督、撫軍將軍，陽騖副之，以擊龕。
Duan Kan, General Who Pacifies the North, wrote to Murong Jun of Former Yan, refusing the court-and-frontier protocol and rejecting his claim to imperial title. Enraged, Murong Jun in the eleventh month appointed Prince of Taiyuan Murong Ke as grand commander and Pacification General, with Yang Chi as deputy, to attack Duan Kan.
22
秦以辛牢守尚書令，趙韶為左僕射，尚書董榮為右僕射，中護軍趙誨為司隸校尉。
Former Qin retained Xin Lao as Director of the Department of State Affairs, appointed Zhao Shao as Left Vice Director, Dong Rong as Right Vice Director, and Zhao Hui as Director of the Imperial Secretariat.
23
十二月，高句麗王釗遣使詣燕納質修貢，以請其母。 燕主俊許之，遣殿中將軍刁龕送釗母周氏歸其國； 以釗為征東大將軍、營州刺史，封樂浪公，王如故。
In the twelfth month, King Gou of Goguryeo sent envoys to Former Yan offering hostages and tribute to request his mother's return. Murong Jun agreed and sent Palace General Diao Kan to escort Gou's mother Lady Zhou home; he appointed Gou as campaigning eastern general-in-chief and governor of Ying Province, enfeoffed him as Duke of Lelang, and confirmed his royal status.
24
上黨人馮鴦逐燕太守段剛，據安民城，自稱太守，遣使來降。
Feng Yang of Shangdang expelled Former Yan's administrator Duan Gang, seized Anmin city, declared himself administrator, and sent envoys to submit.
25
秦丞相雷弱兒性剛直，以趙韶、董榮亂政，每公言於朝，見之常切齒。 韶、榮譖之於秦主生，生殺弱兒及其九子、二十七孫。 於是諸羌皆有離心。 生雖諒陰，游飲自若，彎弓露刃，以見朝臣。 錘鉗鋸鑿，可以害人之具，備置左右。 即位未幾，后妃、公卿已下至於僕隸，凡殺五百餘人，截脛、拉脅、鋸項、刳胎者，比比有之。
Chancellor Lei Ruo'er of Former Qin was upright and outspoken. Seeing Zhao Shao and Dong Rong corrupting the government, he denounced them openly at court and gnashed his teeth whenever they appeared. Shao and Rong slandered him to Fu Sheng, who executed Ruo'er along with his nine sons and twenty-seven grandsons. At this all the Qiang tribes began to turn away. Though still in mourning for his father, Sheng feasted and drank as before, receiving court ministers with bow drawn and blade unsheathed. Hammers, pincers, saws, and chisels—every implement that could maim or kill—were kept at his side. Within a short time of his accession, from consorts and ministers down to servants, he had killed more than five hundred people; severed legs, wrenched ribs, sawn necks, and cut-open wombs became commonplace.
26
燕主俊以段龕方強，謂太原王恪曰：「若龕遣軍拒河，不得渡者，可直取呂護而還。」 恪分遣輕軍先至河上，具舟楫以觀龕志趣。 龕弟羆，驍勇有智謀，言於龕曰：「慕容恪善用兵，加之眾盛，若聽其濟河，進至城下，恐雖乞降，不可得也。 請兄固守，羆帥精銳拒之於河，幸而戰捷，兄帥大眾繼之，必有大功。 若其不捷，不若早降，猶不失為千戶侯也。」 龕不從。 羆固請不已，龕怒，殺之。
Murong Jun, finding Duan Kan still formidable, told Prince of Taiyuan Murong Ke, "If Kan blocks the river and you cannot cross, strike Lu Hu directly and withdraw. Murong Ke sent light troops ahead to the river and prepared boats to probe Kan's intentions. Kan's younger brother Pi was bold and shrewd. He urged Kan, "Murong Ke is a master of war, and his army is vast. If you let him cross the river and reach your walls, even surrender may not save you. Hold the city while I lead our best troops to block them at the river. If we win, you follow with the main army for a great victory. If we lose, better to surrender early—you would still keep a marquisate of a thousand households. Kan refused. Pi pressed his case repeatedly until Kan, enraged, had him executed."
27
孝宗穆皇帝中之下永和十二年（ 丙辰，公元三五六年）
The second half of Emperor Mu's middle reign period, the twelfth year of the Yonghe era ( the year bingchen, corresponding to 356 CE)
28
春，正月，燕太原王恪引兵濟河，未至廣固百餘里，段龕帥眾三萬逆戰。 丙申，恪大破龕於淄水，執其弟欽，斬右長史袁范等。 齊王龍辟閭蔚被創，恪聞其賢，遣人求之，蔚已死，士卒降者數千人。 龕脫走，還城固守，恪進軍圍之。
In the first month of spring, Murong Ke of Former Yan crossed the river. When he was still over a hundred li from Guanggu, Duan Kan met him with thirty thousand men. On bingshen, Murong Ke routed Duan Kan at the Zi River, captured his brother Qin, and beheaded Right Chief Clerk Yuan Fan and others. Lu Bi, Marquis of Longpi, was wounded. Murong Ke, hearing of his reputation, sent men to find him, but Bi had already died. Several thousand soldiers surrendered. Kan escaped to the city and held it under siege while Murong Ke invested Guanggu.
29
秦司空王墮性剛峻，右僕射董榮、侍中強國皆以佞幸進，墮疾之如仇，每朝，見榮未嘗與之言。 或謂墮曰：「董君貴幸無比，公宜小降意接之。」 墮曰：「董龍是何雞狗，而令國士與之言乎！」 會有天變，榮與強國言於秦主生曰：「今天譴甚重，宜以貴臣應之。」 生曰：「貴臣唯有大司馬及司空耳。」 榮、國曰：「大司馬國之懿親，不可殺也。」 乃殺王墮。 將刑，榮謂之曰：「今日復敢比董龍於雞狗乎？」 墮瞋目叱之。 洛州刺史杜郁，隨之甥也，左僕射趙韶惡之，譖於生，以為貳於晉而殺之。
Minister of Works Wang Duo of Former Qin was stern and unyielding. Right Vice Director Dong Rong and Palace Attendant Qiang Guo had risen through flattery; Duo hated them bitterly and refused to speak to Rong at court. Someone advised Duo, "Dong Rong enjoys unparalleled favor—you should humble yourself and be cordial with him. Duo replied, "What kind of cur is this Dong Long that a gentleman of the realm should speak with him! When omens appeared in the heavens, Rong and Qiang Guo told Fu Sheng, "Heaven's warning is severe—a high minister must answer for it. Sheng said, "The only high ministers are the Grand Marshal and the Minister of Works. They replied, "The Grand Marshal is the emperor's close kinsman and cannot be killed. So they had Wang Duo executed. At the execution, Rong taunted him, "Do you still dare call Dong Long a cur today? Duo glared and shouted back at him. Luo Province governor Du Yu was Zhao Ju's nephew by marriage. Left Vice Director Zhao Shao slandered him to Sheng as a Jin sympathizer and had him executed.
30
壬戌，生宴群臣於太極殿，以尚書令辛牢為酒監，酒酣，生怒曰：「何不強人酒而猶有坐者！」 引弓射牢，殺之。 群臣懼，莫敢不醉，偃仆失冠，生乃悅。
On renxu, Sheng feasted his ministers in the Hall of Supreme Pole, appointing Xin Lao as wine overseer. Deep in drink, he raged, "Why are some of you still sitting when you should be forcing others to drink! He drew his bow and shot Xin Lao dead. Terrified, the ministers drank until they collapsed, caps askew, and only then was Sheng satisfied.
31
匈奴大人劉務桓卒，弟閼頭立，將貳於代。 二月，代王什翼犍引兵西巡，臨河，閼頭懼，請降。
Liu Wuhuan, great chieftain of the Xiongnu, died. His younger brother Yantou succeeded him and was preparing to defect to Dai. In the second month, Dai's King Shiyijian led troops west to the river; Yantou, terrified, submitted.
32
燕太原王恪招撫段龕諸城。 已丑，龕所署徐州刺史陽都公王騰舉眾降，恪命騰以故職還屯陽都。
Murong Ke of Former Yan won over Duan Kan's cities through persuasion. On jichou, Wang Teng, Duke of Yangdu, whom Kan had appointed governor of Xu Province, surrendered with his forces; Murong Ke restored him to his post at Yangdu.
33
秦征東大將軍晉王柳遣參軍閻負、梁殊使於涼，以書說涼王玄靚。 負、殊至姑臧，張瓘見之，曰：「我，晉臣也； 臣無境外之交，二君何以來辱？」 負、殊曰：「晉王與君鄰籓，雖山河阻絕，風通道會，故來修好，君何怪焉！」 瓘曰：「吾盡忠事晉，於今六世矣。 若與苻征東通使，是上違先君之志，下隳士民之節，其可乎！」 負、殊曰：「晉室衰微，墜失天命，固已久矣。 是以涼之先王北面二趙，唯知機也。 今大秦威德方盛，涼王若欲自帝河右，則非秦之敵。 欲以小事大，則曷若捨晉事秦，以保福祿乎！」 瓘曰：「中州好食言，向者石氏使車適返，而戎騎已至，吾不敢信也。」 負、殊曰：「自古帝王居中州者，政化各殊，趙為奸詐，秦敦信義，豈得一概待之乎！ 張先、楊初皆阻兵不服，先帝討而擒之，赦其罪戾，寵以爵秩，固非石氏之比。」 瓘曰：「必如君言，秦之威德無敵，何不先取江南，則天下盡為秦有，征東何辱命焉！」 負、殊曰：「江南文身之俗，道污先叛，化隆後服。 主上以為江南必須兵服，河右可以義懷，故遣行人先申大好。 若君不達天命，則江南得延數年之命，而河右恐非君之土也」。 瓘曰：「我跨據三州，帶甲十萬，西苞蔥嶺，東距大河，伐人有餘，況於自守，何畏於秦！」 負、殊曰：「貴州山河之固，孰若殽、函？ 民物之饒，孰若秦、雍？ 杜洪、張琚，因趙氏成資，兵強財富，有囊括關中、席捲四海之志，先帝戎旗西指，冰消雲散，旬月之間，不覺易主。 主上若以貴州不服，赫然奮怒，控弦百萬，鼓行而西，未知貴州將何以待之？」 瓘笑曰：「茲事當決之於王，非身所了。」 負、殊曰：「涼王雖英睿夙成，然年在幼沖，君居伊、霍之任，國家安危，系君一舉耳。」 瓘懼，乃以玄靚之命遣使稱籓於秦，秦因玄靚所稱官爵而授之。
Prince of Jin Liu, Former Qin's campaigning eastern general-in-chief, sent staff officers Yan Fu and Liang Shu to Liang with a letter to win over Zhang Xuan Jing. When they reached Guzang, Zhang Guan received them and said, "I am a minister of Jin; a minister has no dealings beyond our borders—why have you come to insult us? They replied, "The Prince of Jin is your neighbor on the frontier. Though mountains and rivers divide you, culture still flows between you—we come in friendship. Why take offense? Guan said, "My house has served Jin with full loyalty for six generations. To exchange envoys with Fu's campaigning eastern general would betray my ancestors above and my people's honor below—how could I permit it! They said, "The house of Jin has long since declined and lost the Mandate of Heaven. That is why Liang's former kings bowed north to the two Zhao states—they knew how to read the times. Now Great Qin's power is ascendant. If the king of Liang wishes to declare himself emperor west of the Yellow River, he cannot stand against Qin. If you wish to serve the greater power, why not abandon Jin for Qin and preserve your fortune and rank? Guan said, "The Central Plains are faithless. When the Shi clan's envoys had barely returned, Rong cavalry were already at our gates—I dare not trust Qin. They replied, "Every dynasty of the Central Plains has governed differently. Zhao was treacherous; Qin honors faith and righteousness—how can you lump them together! Zhang Xian and Yang Chu defied the throne; the late emperor defeated them, pardoned them, and honored them with rank—Qin is nothing like the Shi clan. Guan said, "If Qin is truly invincible as you claim, why not conquer the south first? Then the whole realm would be Qin's—why send envoys to me! They replied, "The south is a land of tattooed barbarians whose ways are corrupt and who rebel early; they submit only after prolonged conquest. Our lord believes the south must be conquered by force, but the region west of the Yellow River can be won through righteousness—hence these envoys bearing friendship. If you defy Heaven's mandate, the south may linger a few years longer—but the region west of the Yellow River will no longer be yours." Guan said, "I hold three provinces with a hundred thousand armored men, reach the Onion Range in the west and the great river in the east—ample force to attack, let alone defend. Why should I fear Qin! They said, "Are your province's mountains and rivers more impregnable than the Xiao and Hangu passes? Is your land's wealth greater than Qin and Yong provinces? Du Hong and Zhang Ju, backed by Zhao's resources, had strong armies and grand ambitions to conquer Guanzhong and the realm. The late emperor marched west, and they vanished like ice in spring—within weeks, masters had changed. If our lord, angered by your defiance, marches west with a million archers at his back—how will your province receive him? Guan laughed and said, "This is for the king to decide—not for me alone. They said, "Though the king of Liang is precociously wise, he is still a child. You hold the role of Yi Yin and Huo Guang—the fate of the state rests on your decision. Alarmed, Zhang Guan sent envoys in Zhang Xuan Jing's name to submit as Qin's vassal; Qin confirmed the titles Xuan Jing had claimed."
34
將軍劉度攻秦青州刺史王朗於盧氏； 燕將軍慕輿長卿入軹關，攻秦幽州刺史強哲於裴氏堡。 秦主生遣前將軍新興王飛拒度，建節將軍鄧羌拒長卿。 飛未至而度退。 羌與長卿戰，大破之，獲長卿及甲首二千餘級。
General Liu Du attacked Former Qin's Qing Province governor Wang Lang at Lushi; Former Yan general Murong Changqing entered Zhi Pass and attacked Former Qin's You Province governor Qiang Zhe at Peishi Fort. Fu Sheng sent Forward General Prince of Xinxing Fei against Liu Du and Standard-bearing General Deng Qiang against Changqing. Liu Du withdrew before Fei arrived. Deng Qiang routed Changqing, capturing him and more than two thousand enemy soldiers.
35
桓溫請移都洛陽，修復園陵，章十餘上，不許。 拜溫征討大都督，督司、冀二州諸軍事，以討姚襄。
Huan Wen repeatedly memorialized—more than ten times—to move the capital to Luoyang and restore the imperial tombs, but was refused each time. Huan Wen was appointed Campaigning and Punitive Grand Commander with authority over Si and Ji provinces to attack Yao Xiang.
36
三月，秦主生發三輔民治渭橋； 金紫光祿大夫程肱諫，以為妨農，生殺之。
In the third month, Fu Sheng conscripted the people of the three metropolitan districts to repair the Wei River bridge; Cheng Gong, Grand Master of Splendid Brightness, remonstrated that the project would disrupt farming; Sheng had him executed.
37
夏，四月，長安大風，發屋拔木。 秦宮中驚擾，或稱賊至，宮門晝閉，五日乃止。 秦主生推告賊者，刳出其心。 左光祿大夫強平諫曰：「天降災異，陛下當愛民事神，緩刑崇德以應之，乃可弭也。」。 生怒，鑿其頂而殺之。 衛將軍廣平王黃眉、前將軍新興王飛、建節將軍鄧羌，以平，太后之弟，叩頭固諫，生弗聽，出黃眉為左馮翊，飛為右扶風，羌行咸陽太守，猶惜其驍勇，故皆弗殺。 五月，太后強氏以憂恨卒，謚曰明德。
In the fourth month of summer, a great wind struck Chang'an, tearing off roofs and uprooting trees. Panic seized the Former Qin palace; some cried that bandits had arrived. The palace gates stayed shut even in daylight for five days. Fu Sheng hunted down those who had spread the alarm and cut out their hearts. Left Grand Master Qiang Ping remonstrated, "Heaven has sent these omens. Your Majesty should cherish the people, ease punishments, and exalt virtue—only then can the calamity be stilled." Enraged, Sheng bored open his skull and killed him. Defender Huang Mei, Forward General Prince Fei, and Deng Qiang—knowing Qiang Ping was the empress dowager's brother—kowtowed in earnest remonstrance, but Sheng would not listen. He banished Huang Mei to Left Fengyi, Fei to Right Fufeng, and Deng Qiang to act as Xianyang administrator, but spared their lives for their martial prowess. In the fifth month, Empress Dowager Lady Qiang died of grief and resentment, receiving the posthumous title Bright Virtue.
38
姚襄自許昌攻周成於洛陽。
From Xuchang, Yao Xiang attacked Zhou Cheng at Luoyang.
39
六月，秦主生下詔曰：「朕受皇天之命，君臨萬邦； 嗣統以來，有何不善，而謗讟言之音，扇滿天下！ 殺不過千，而謂之殘虐！ 行者比肩，未足為希。 方當峻刑極罰，復如朕何！」 自去春以來，潼關之西，至於長安，虎狼為暴。 晝則繼道，夜則發屋，不食六畜，專務食人，凡殺七百餘人。 民廢耕桑，相聚邑居，而為害不息。 秋，七月，秦群臣奏請禳災，生曰：「野獸饑則食人，飽當自止，何禳之有！ 且天豈不愛民哉，正以犯罪者多，故助朕殺之耳！」
In the sixth month, Fu Sheng issued an edict: "I have received Heaven's mandate and rule the realm; since my accession, what wrong have I done that slander should fill the realm! I have killed barely a thousand, yet they call me cruel! People still walk the roads shoulder to shoulder—that is hardly remarkable. I am about to impose even harsher punishments—what can they do to me! Since the previous spring, from west of Tong Pass to Chang'an, tigers and wolves had run wild. By day they filled the roads; by night they broke into houses. They refused livestock and devoured people alone, killing more than seven hundred. The people abandoned farming and huddled in settlements, yet the depredations continued. In the seventh month of autumn, Former Qin's ministers petitioned for rites to avert the calamity. Sheng said, "Hungry beasts eat people; when sated they stop—what is there to avert! Besides, does Heaven not love the people? It is because criminals are so numerous that Heaven helps me kill them!"
40
丙子，燕獻懷太子曄卒。 姚襄攻洛陽，逾月不克。 長史王亮諫曰：「明公英名蓋世，兵強民附。 今頓兵堅城之下，力屈威挫，或為它寇所乘，此危亡之道也！」 襄不從。
On bingzi, Ye, Former Yan's Offering-and-Cherishing crown prince, died. Yao Xiang besieged Luoyang for over a month without success. Chief Clerk Wang Liang urged him, "My lord, your fame towers over the age, your army is strong, and the people stand with you. Yet you linger before a stronghold until your strength fails and your prestige fades; another enemy may seize the chance. That is the road to ruin!" Xiang would not listen.
41
桓溫自江陵北伐，遣督護高武據魯陽，輔國將軍戴施屯河上，自帥大兵繼進。 與寮屬登平乘樓望中原，歎曰：「遂使神州陸沉，百年丘墟，王夷甫諸人不得不任其責！」 記室陳郡袁宏曰：「運有興廢，豈必諸人之過！」 溫作色曰：「昔劉景升有千斤大牛，啖芻豆十倍於常牛，負重致運，曾不若一贏牸，魏武入荊州，殺以享軍。」
Huan Wen marched north from Jiangling, posting Supervisor Gao Wu at Ruyang and Pacification General Dai Shi on the river while he led the main force forward. With his staff he climbed the Pingcheng Tower to look out over the Central Plains and sighed, "So the heartland was lost to the depths; for a century it has lain in ruins—Wang Yifu and men like him cannot escape the blame!" His recorder Yuan Hong of Chen said, "Fortunes rise and fall—why must it be their fault alone?" Huan Wen's face darkened. "Once Liu Biao owned a thousand-jin ox that ate ten times a normal beast's fodder and hauled heavy loads, yet could not match a single scrub mare. When Cao Cao took Jing Province, he slaughtered it to feast his troops."
42
八月，已亥，溫至伊水，姚襄撤圍拒之，匿精銳於水北林中，遣使謂溫曰：「承親帥王師以來，襄今奉身歸命，願敕三軍小卻，當拜伏路左。」 溫曰：「我自開復中原，展敬山陵，無豫君事。 欲來者便前，相見在近，何煩使人！」 襄拒水而戰。 溫結陳而前，親被甲督戰。 襄眾大敗，死者數千人。 襄帥麾下數千騎奔於洛陽北山，其夜，民棄妻子隨襄者五千餘人。 襄勇而愛人，雖戰屢敗，民知襄所在，輒扶老攜幼，奔馳而赴之。 溫軍中傳言襄病創已死，許、洛士女為溫所得者，無不北望而泣。 襄西走，溫追之不及。 弘農楊亮自襄所來奔，溫問襄之為人，亮曰：「襄神明器宇，孫策之儔，而雄武過之。」
In the eighth month, on yihai, Huan Wen reached the Yi River. Yao Xiang raised the siege to meet him, hid crack troops in the woods north of the river, and sent an envoy saying, "Knowing you lead the imperial army, Xiang now submits in person and asks that your forces step back a little; he will bow by the roadside." Wen replied, "I am recovering the Central Plains and paying homage at the imperial tombs—none of that concerns you. If you mean to come, come forward—we are near enough to meet. Why send messengers?" Xiang made his stand with the river behind him. Wen drew up his battle lines and advanced, putting on armor himself to direct the fight. Xiang's army was routed, with several thousand dead. Xiang fled north of Luoyang with a few thousand horsemen. That night more than five thousand civilians abandoned their families to follow him. Brave and beloved, though he lost battle after battle, wherever the people heard he was they hurried old and young to his side. Rumors spread through Wen's camp that Xiang had died of his wounds. Men and women of Xu and Luoyang now in Wen's hands all looked north and wept. Xiang fled west, and Wen's pursuit could not catch him. Yang Liang of Hongnong defected from Xiang's camp. When Wen asked what Xiang was like, Liang said, "In spirit and bearing he rivals Sun Ce, and in martial prowess he surpasses him."
43
周成帥眾出降，溫屯故太極殿前，既而徙屯金墉城。 已丑，謁諸陵，有毀壞者修復之，各置陵令。 表鎮西將軍謝尚都督司州諸軍事，鎮洛陽。 以尚未至，留穎川太守毛穆之、督護陳午、河南太守戴施以二千人戍洛陽，衛山陵，徙降軍三千餘家於江、漢之間，執周成以歸。
Zhou Cheng surrendered with his forces. Wen camped before the old Hall of Supreme Ultimate, then moved to Jincheng. On yichou he visited the imperial tombs, repaired any damage, and appointed a warden for each. He recommended General Who Guards the West Xie Shang as commander of Si Province forces with his seat at Luoyang. As Shang had not yet arrived, he left Mao Muzhi, Chen Wu, and Dai Shi with two thousand men to hold Luoyang and guard the tombs, resettled more than three thousand surrendered households between the Yangzi and Han rivers, and took Zhou Cheng away captive.
44
姚襄奔平陽，秦并州刺史尹赤復以眾降襄，襄遂據襄陵。 秦大將軍張平擊之，襄為平所敗，乃與平約為兄弟，各罷兵。
Yao Xiang fled to Pingyang. Former Qin's Bing Province inspector Yin Chi again submitted with his troops, and Xiang seized Xiangling. Former Qin grand general Zhang Ping attacked him, defeated him, and the two swore brotherhood and withdrew their armies.
45
段龕遣其屬段□來求救，詔徐州刺史荀羨將兵隨□救之。 羨至琅邪，憚燕兵之強，不敢進。 王騰寇鄄城，羨進攻陽都，會霖雨，城壞，獲騰，斬之。
Duan Kan sent a follower to seek aid. The court ordered Xu Province inspector Xun Xian to march with the envoy to his relief. Xun Xian reached Langye but, fearing Former Yan's strength, held back. Wang Teng raided Juancheng, so Xian attacked Yangdu. Torrential rains breached the walls; he captured Teng and executed him.
46
冬，十月，癸巳朔，日有食之。
In the tenth month of winter, at the guisi new moon, there was a solar eclipse.
47
秦主生夜食棗多，旦而有疾，召太醫令程延，使診之。 延曰：「陛下無它疾，食棗多耳。」 生怒曰：「汝非聖人，安知吾食棗！」 遂斬之。
Fu Sheng ate too many jujubes at night and fell ill by morning. He summoned chief medical officer Cheng Yan to examine him. Yan said, "Your Majesty has no other ailment—you simply ate too many jujubes." Enraged, Sheng said, "You are no sage—how could you know I ate jujubes?" He had him beheaded.
48
燕大司馬恪圍段龕於廣固，諸將請急攻之。 恪曰：「用兵之勢，有宜緩者，有宜急者，不可不察。 若彼我勢敵，外有強援，恐有腹背之患，則攻之不可不急。 若我強彼弱，無援於外，力足制之者，當羈縻守之，以待其斃。 兵法「十圍五攻」，正謂此也。 龕兵尚眾，未有離心。 濟南之戰，非不銳也，但龕用之無術，以取敗耳。 今憑阻堅城，上下戮力，我盡銳攻之，計數旬可拔，然殺吾士卒必多矣。 自有事中原，兵不暫息，吾每念之，夜而忘寐，奈何輕用其死乎！ 要在取之，不必求功之速也！」 諸將皆曰：「非所及也。」 軍中聞之，人人感悅。 於是為高牆深塹以守之。 齊人爭運糧以饋燕軍。
Former Yan grand marshal Murong Ke besieged Duan Kan at Guanggu, and his generals urged an immediate assault. Ke said, "In war there are times to press and times to wait—one must judge carefully. When forces are equal and strong aid threatens from outside, leaving you exposed front and rear, you must attack swiftly. When we are strong, they weak, and no outside help can reach them, we should hold them in a tight siege and wait for collapse. The Art of War's rule—"ten to encircle, five to assault"—means exactly this. Kan's troops are still numerous and united. At Jinan they fought fiercely enough, but Kan used them without skill and lost. Now they hold a strong city and fight as one. A full assault might take it in weeks, but many of our men would die. Since the Central Plains fell into turmoil our armies have never rested. I lie awake at night thinking of it—how can I throw their lives away lightly? What matters is victory, not speed!" The generals said, "We could never match that insight." When the army heard this, every soldier was heartened. They then built high ramparts and deep trenches to hold the siege. People of Qi competed to haul grain to Former Yan's army.
49
龕嬰城自守，樵采路絕，城中人相食。 龕悉眾出戰。 恪破之於圍裡，先分騎屯諸門。 龕身自沖蕩，僅而得入，餘兵皆沒。 於是城中氣沮，莫有固志。 十一月，丙子，龕面縛出降，並執朱禿送薊。 恪撫安新民，悉定齊地，徙鮮卑、胡、羯三千餘戶於薊。 燕主俊具朱禿五刑，以段龕為伏順將軍。 恪留慕容塵鎮廣固，以尚書左丞鞠殷為東萊太守，章武太守鮮于亮為齊郡太守，乃還。
Kan held the city under siege until foraging ceased and the inhabitants resorted to cannibalism. Kan led his entire force out to fight. Ke routed him inside the siege lines after posting cavalry at every gate. Kan fought his way through in person and barely regained the city; the rest of his army was wiped out. Morale inside the city collapsed, and no one would stand firm. In the eleventh month, on bingzi, Kan surrendered with his hands bound and face covered; Zhu Tu was captured and sent to Ji. Ke pacified the newly won population, secured all of Qi, and moved more than three thousand Xianbei, Hu, and Jie households to Ji. Murong Jun subjected Zhu Tu to the full five punishments and made Duan Kan General of Submissive Compliance. Ke left Murong Chen at Guanggu, appointed Qu Yin of the Secretariat as Donglai administrator and Xianyu Liang of Zhangwu as Qi commandery administrator, and marched home.
50
殷，彭之子也。 彭時為燕大長秋，以書戒殷曰：「王彌、曹嶷，必有子孫，汝善招撫，勿尋舊怨，以長亂源！」 殷推求，得彌從子立、嶷孫巖於山中，請與相見，深結意分。 彭復遣使遺以車馬衣服，郡民由是大和。
Yin was Qu Peng's son. Peng, then Former Yan's grand chamberlain, wrote to warn him, "Wang Mi and Cao Yi surely have descendants. Win them over kindly; do not hunt old grudges and feed new disorder!" Yin tracked them down, found Mi's cousin's son Li and Yi's grandson Yan in the hills, sought them out, and befriended them warmly. Peng sent gifts of carriages, horses, and robes, and the commandery grew peaceful.
51
荀羨聞段龕已敗，退還下邳，留將軍諸葛攸、高平太守劉莊將三千人守琅邪。 參軍譙國戴遂等將二千人守泰山。 燕將慕容蘭屯汴城，羨擊斬之。
Hearing Duan Kan had fallen, Xun Xian withdrew to Xiapi, leaving Zhuge You and Gaoping administrator Liu Zhuang with three thousand men at Langye. Staff officer Dai Sui of Qiao and others held Mount Tai with two thousand men. Former Yan general Murong Lan held Bian city; Xian attacked and killed him.
52
詔遣兼司空、散騎常侍車灌等持節如洛陽，修五陵。 十二月，庚戌，帝及群臣皆服緦，臨於太極殿三日。
The court sent acting minister of works Che Guan and others with imperial credentials to Luoyang to restore the five imperial tombs. In the twelfth month, on gengxu, the emperor and his ministers wore the deepest mourning and kept vigil at the Hall of Supreme Ultimate for three days.
53
司州都督謝尚以疾不行，以丹楊君王胡之代之，未行而卒。 胡之，廙之子也。 是歲，仇池公楊國從父俊殺國自立； 以俊為仇池公。 國子安奔秦。
Si Province commander Xie Shang could not take the post because of illness. Prince Hu of Danyang was named to replace him but died before departing. Hu was Wang Yi's son. That year Yang Guo's younger cousin Yang Jun killed the Duke of Chouchi and seized power; Jun was recognized as Duke of Chouchi. Guo's son An fled to Former Qin.
54
孝宗穆皇帝中之下昇平元年（ 丁巳，公元三五七年）
The second half of Emperor Mu's middle reign period, the first year of the Shengping era ( the year dingsi, corresponding to 357 CE)
55
春，正月，壬戌朔，帝加元服。 太后詔歸政，大赦，改元，太后徙居崇德宮。
In the first month of spring, at the renxu new moon, the emperor came of age. The empress dowager returned power to him, proclaimed a general amnesty, changed the reign era, and moved to the Palace of Honored Virtue.
56
燕主俊征幽州刺史乙逸為左光祿大夫。 逸夫婦共載鹿車； 子璋從數十騎，服飾甚麗，奉迎於道。 逸大怒，閉車不與言。 到城，深責之，璋猶不悛。 逸常憂其敗，而璋更被擢任，歷中書令、御史中丞。 逸乃歎曰：「吾少自修立，克已守道，僅能免罪。 璋不治節儉，專為奢縱，而更居清顯。 此豈唯璋之忝幸，實時世之陵夷也。」
Murong Jun summoned You Province inspector Yi Yi to court as left grand master of splendid brightness. Yi and his wife rode together in a simple deer cart; while his son Zhang met them on the road with several dozen richly dressed horsemen. Yi was furious, shut the carriage curtains, and refused to speak to him. At the capital he rebuked Zhang harshly, but Zhang showed no repentance. Yi constantly feared Zhang would ruin the family, yet Zhang was promoted again, rising to director of the secretariat and censor-in-chief. Yi sighed, "From youth I disciplined myself and held to the Way, barely escaping blame. Zhang lives in extravagance without restraint, yet holds high and honored office. That is not Zhang's disgrace alone—it shows how far the times have fallen."
57
二月，癸丑，燕主俊立其子中山王暐為太子，大赦，改元光壽。
In the second month, on guichou, Murong Jun made his son Hui, Prince of Zhongshan, crown prince, proclaimed a general amnesty, and adopted the era name Guangshou.
58
太白入東井。 秦有司奏：「太白罰星，東井秦分，必有暴兵起京師。」 秦主生曰：「太白入井，自為渴耳，何所怪乎！」
Venus entered the Well mansion. Former Qin's officials reported, "Venus is a punishing star, and the Well is Qin's allotted region—violent troops will surely rise from the capital." Fu Sheng said, "When Venus enters the Well, it is only thirsty—what is strange about that?"
59
姚襄將圖關中，夏，四月，自北屈進屯杏城，遣輔國將軍姚蘭略地敷城，曜武將軍姚益生、左將軍王欽盧各將兵招納諸羌、胡。 蘭，襄之從兄； 益生，襄之兄也。 羌、胡及秦民歸之者五萬餘戶。 秦將苻飛龍擊蘭，擒之。 襄引兵進據黃落； 秦主生遣衛大將軍廣平王黃眉、平北將軍苻道、龍驤將軍東海王堅、建節將軍鄧羌將步騎萬五千以御之。 襄堅壁不戰。 羌謂黃眉曰：「襄為桓溫、張平所敗，銳氣喪矣。 然其為人強狠，若鼓噪揚旗，直壓其壘，彼必忿恚而出，可一戰擒也。」 五月，羌帥騎三千壓其壘門而陳，襄怒，悉眾出戰。 羌陽不勝而走，襄追之，至於三原。 羌回騎擊之，黃眉等以大眾繼至，襄兵大敗。 襄所乘駿馬曰黧眉騧，馬倒，秦兵擒而斬之，弟萇帥其眾降。 襄載其父弋仲之柩在軍中，秦主生以王禮葬弋仲於孤磐，亦以公禮葬襄。 廣平王黃眉等還長安，生不之賞，數眾辱黃眉。 黃眉怒，謀弒生； 發覺，伏誅。 事連王公親戚，死者甚眾。
Yao Xiang planned to seize Guanzhong. In the fourth month of summer he advanced from Beiqu to Xingcheng, sent Pacification General Yao Lan against Fucheng, and had Dazzling Martial General Yao Yisheng and Left General Wang Qinlu recruit Qiang and Hu tribes. Lan was Xiang's cousin; Yisheng ranked as Xiang's older brother. More than fifty thousand Qiang, Hu, and Former Qin households joined him. Former Qin general Fu Feilong attacked Lan and captured him. Xiang advanced to hold Huangluo; Fu Sheng sent Defender Huang Mei, Prince of Guangping, Pacifier of the North Fu Dao, Dragon-soaring General Prince Jian of Donghai, and Deng Qiang with fifteen thousand foot and horse to meet him. Xiang held his fortifications and refused to fight. Deng Qiang told Huang Mei, "Xiang was beaten by Huan Wen and Zhang Ping and has lost his fighting edge. But he is brutal and proud; if we drum and hoist banners and press straight on his camp, he will lash out in fury and we can take him in one fight." In the fifth month Deng Qiang led three thousand cavalry to the camp gate and formed ranks; enraged, Xiang marched out with his entire army. Deng Qiang feigned defeat and withdrew; Xiang pursued him to Sanyuan. Deng Qiang turned and charged; Huang Mei and the main force came up behind, and Xiang's army was routed. Xiang's mount was the stallion Dark-brow Bay; when it fell Former Qin troops captured and executed him, and his brother Yao Chang surrendered with the army. Xiang had carried his father Yizhong's coffin with the army; Fu Sheng buried Yizhong at Gupan with royal honors and buried Xiang with ducal honors. Prince of Guangping Huang Mei and the others returned to Chang'an, but Sheng gave them no rewards and repeatedly humiliated Huang Mei before the troops. Huang Mei in anger plotted to kill Sheng; The plot was exposed and he was put to death. The purge swept princes, dukes, and kinsmen; the dead were innumerable.
60
戊寅，燕主俊遣撫軍將軍垂、中軍將軍虔、護軍將軍平熙帥步騎八萬攻敕勒於塞北，大破之，俘斬十餘萬，獲馬十三萬匹，牛羊億萬頭。
On wuyin, Murong Jun of Former Yan sent Pacification Army General Murong Chui, Central Army General Murong Qian, and Protector General Ping Xi with eighty thousand foot and horse against the Tiele beyond the frontier; they routed them, killed or captured over a hundred thousand, and took one hundred thirty thousand horses and tens of millions of cattle and sheep.
61
匈奴單于賀賴頭帥部落三萬五千口降燕，燕人處之代郡平舒城。
Xiongnu chanyu Helaitou brought thirty-five thousand tribesmen to submit to Former Yan, which settled them at Pingshu in Dai commandery.
62
秦主生夢大魚食蒲，又長安謠曰：「東海大魚化為龍，男皆為王女為公。」 生乃誅太師、錄尚書事、廣寧公魚遵，並其七子、十孫。 金紫光祿大夫牛夷懼禍，求為荊州； 生不許，以為中軍將軍，引見，調之曰：「牛性遲重，善持轅軛； 雖無驥足，動負百石。」 夷曰：「雖服大車，未經峻壁； 願試重載，乃知勳績。」 生笑曰：「何其快也，公嫌所載輕乎？ 朕將以魚公爵位處公。」 夷懼，歸而自殺。
Fu Sheng dreamed of a great fish devouring calamus; meanwhile a Chang'an rhyme ran, "The great fish of the Eastern Sea turns into a dragon—every man a king, every woman a duke." He then executed Grand Preceptor and Director of the Department of State Affairs Duke of Guangning Yu Zun along with seven sons and ten grandsons. Palace Physician Niu Yi, fearing for his life, asked to be posted to Jing province; Sheng refused but made him Central Army General; at an audience he teased him, "Oxen are slow and steady and hold the yoke well; they lack a steed's legs but can haul a hundred piculs." Niu Yi said, "Though harnessed to a great cart, I have not yet crossed sheer cliffs; let me try a heavy load before my service can be judged." Sheng laughed and said, "How eager you are—does Your Grace find the burden too light? I shall bestow on you Duke Yu's title and office." In fear Niu Yi went home and took his own life.
63
生飲酒無晝夜，或連月不出。 奏事不省，往往寢落，或醉中決事。 左右因以為奸，賞罰無准。 或至申酉乃出視朝，乘醉多所殺戮。 自以眇目，諱言「殘、缺、偏、只、少、無、不具」之類，誤犯而死者，不可勝數。 好生剝牛、羊、驢、馬、燖雞、豚、鵝、鴨，縱之殿前，數十為群。 或剝人面皮，使之歌舞，臨觀以為樂。 嘗問左右曰：「自吾臨天下，汝外間何所聞？」 或對曰：「聖明宰世，賞罰明當，天下唯歌太平。」 怒曰：「汝媚我也！」 引出斬之。 它日又問，或對曰：「陛下刑罰微過。」 又怒曰：「汝謗我也！」 亦斬之。 勳舊親戚，誅之殆盡，群臣得保一日，如度十年。
Fu Sheng drank day and night and sometimes stayed secluded for months. He ignored state papers; they often lay unread until he slept, or he ruled while intoxicated. Courtiers exploited this for private ends, and rewards and punishments lost all consistency. He might not appear for court until the shen and you hours, drunk and slaughtering widely. Blind in one eye, he banned words like "maimed," "lacking," "partial," "single," "few," "without," and "incomplete"; countless died for slips of the tongue. He delighted in skinning cattle, sheep, donkeys, and horses alive and roasting chickens, pigs, geese, and ducks alive before the palace in herds of dozens. Sometimes he stripped men's faces and forced them to sing and dance before him for sport. He once asked his attendants, "Since I took the throne, what do you hear out in the world?" One replied, "Your sage rule clarifies rewards and punishments, and all under heaven sings of peace." He raged, "You flatter me!" He had the man taken out and executed. On another day he asked again; one said, "Your Majesty's penalties are perhaps excessive." Again he raged, "You slander me!" That one was beheaded as well. Veterans and kinsmen were killed to the last; ministers who survived a day counted themselves as having endured ten years.
64
東海王堅，素有時譽，與故姚襄參軍薛贊、權翼善。 贊、翼密說堅曰：「主上猜忍暴虐，中外離心，方今宜主秦祀者，非殿下而誰！ 願早為計，勿使它姓得之！」 堅以問尚書呂婆樓，婆樓曰：「僕，刀鐶上人耳，不足以辦大事。 僕裡捨有王猛者，其人謀略不世出，殿下宜請而咨之。」 堅因婆樓以招猛，一見如舊友，語及時事，堅大悅，自謂如劉玄德之遇諸葛孔明也。
Prince Jian of Donghai had long enjoyed a fine reputation and was close to former Yao Xiang aides Xue Zan and Quan Yi. Zan and Yi privately urged Jian, "The ruler is suspicious, cruel, and tyrannical; court and country have lost heart. Who but Your Highness should now head the line of Qin! Act soon, lest another clan seize the throne!" Jian consulted Master of Writings Lü Polou, who said, "I am only a man on a knife-ring—unfit for so great a matter. There is Wang Meng in my village—his strategy is unmatched; Your Highness should summon and consult him." Through Polou, Jian summoned Wang Meng; at first meeting they were as old friends, and when they discussed affairs Jian rejoiced, likening himself to Liu Xuande meeting Zhuge Kongming.
65
六月，太史令康權言於秦主生曰：「昨夜三月並出，孛星入太微，連東井，自去月上旬，沉陰不雨，以至於今，將有下人謀上之禍。」 生怒，以為妖言，撲殺之。
In the sixth month Astrologer Kang Quan told Fu Sheng, "Last night three moons rose together, the broom star entered the Supreme Palace Enclosure and linked the Eastern Well; heavy cloud and drought have persisted since early last month—subordinates will plot against the throne." Enraged, Sheng judged it sorcery and had him beaten to death.
66
特進、領御史中丞梁平老等謂堅曰：「主上失德，上下嗷嗷，人懷異志，燕、晉二方，伺隙而動，恐禍發之日，家國俱亡。 此殿下之事也，宜早圖之！」 堅心然之，畏生趫勇，未敢發。 生夜對侍婢言曰：「阿法兄弟亦不可信，明當除之。」 婢以告堅及堅兄清河王法。 法與梁平老及特進光祿大夫強汪，帥壯士數百潛入雲龍門，堅與呂婆樓帥麾下三百人鼓噪繼進，宿衛將士皆捨仗歸堅。 生猶醉寐，堅兵至，生驚問左右曰：「此輩何人？」 左右曰：「賊也！」 生曰：「何不拜之！」 堅兵皆笑。 生又大言：「何不速拜，不拜者斬之！」 堅兵引生置別室，廢為越王。 尋殺之，謚曰厲王。
Distinguished Bearer and Acting Censor-in-Chief Liang Pinglao and others told Jian, "The ruler has lost virtue; the realm groans and men plot; Former Yan and Jin watch for weakness. When disaster strikes, house and state may fall together. This is Your Highness's burden—act at once!" Jian agreed in his heart but feared Sheng's ferocity and held back. One night Sheng told a maid, "Afa and his brothers are not to be trusted either; tomorrow I shall eliminate them." The maid warned Jian and his elder brother Prince Fa of Qinghe. Fa, Liang Pinglao, and Distinguished Bearer Qiang Wang led hundreds of stalwarts through the Cloud Dragon Gate while Jian and Lü Polou followed with three hundred men in uproar; the palace guards laid down their arms and joined Jian. Sheng was still drunk asleep; when Jian's troops arrived, he startled his attendants, "Who are these people?" They cried, "Rebels!" He said, "Why not bow to them!" Jian's soldiers laughed. He shouted again, "Bow at once—whoever does not bow will be beheaded!" Jian's men took Sheng to a side chamber and deposed him as Prince of Yue. Soon they killed him with the posthumous title Prince Li.
67
堅以位讓法，法曰：「汝嫡嗣，且賢，宜立。」 堅曰：「兄年長，宜立。」 堅母苟氏泣謂群臣曰：「社稷重事，小兒自知不能。 它日有悔，失在諸君。」 群臣皆頓首請立堅。 堅乃去皇帝之號，稱大秦天王，即位於太極殿，誅生幸臣中書監董榮、左僕射趙韶等二十餘人。 大赦，改元永興。 追尊父雄為文桓皇帝，母苟氏為皇太后，妃苟氏為皇后，世子宏為皇太子，以清河王法為都督中外諸軍事、丞相、錄尚書事、東海公，諸王皆降爵為公。 以從祖右光祿大夫、永安公侯為太尉，晉公柳為車騎大將軍、尚書令。 封弟融為陽平公，雙為河南公，子丕為長樂公，暉為平原公，熙為廣平公，睿為巨鹿公。 以漢陽李威為左僕射，梁平老為右僕射，強汪為領軍將軍，呂婆樓為司隸校尉，王猛為中書侍郎。
Jian offered the throne to Fa; Fa replied, "You are the legitimate heir and worthy—you should reign." Jian said, "You are the elder brother—you should take the throne." Jian's mother Lady Gou wept before the ministers, "The fate of the state is weighty; the boy knows he is not equal to it. If regret comes later, blame will fall on you." The ministers kowtowed and begged that Jian be enthroned. Jian set aside the imperial title, styled himself Great Heavenly King of Great Qin, and was enthroned in the Hall of Supreme Ultimate; he executed over twenty of Sheng's favorites, including Palace Director Dong Rong and Left Vice Director Zhao Shao. He declared a general amnesty and changed the era name to Yongxing. He posthumously honored his father Xiong as Emperor Wenhuan, his mother Lady Gou as empress dowager, consort Lady Gou as empress, and heir Hong as crown prince; he made Prince Fa of Qinghe supreme commander, chancellor, and Director of the Department of State Affairs with the title Duke of Donghai, and reduced all princely ranks to duke. His cousin Right Splendid Light Physician Duke of Yong'an Fu Hou became Grand Commandant; Duke of Jin Fu Liu became Chariots-and-Cavalry General and Director of the Masters of Writings. He enfeoffed younger brother Rong as Duke of Yangping, Shuang as Duke of Henan, sons Pi as Duke of Changle, Hui as Duke of Pingyuan, Xi as Duke of Guangping, and Rui as Duke of Julu. He appointed Li Wei of Hanyang Left Vice Director, Liang Pinglao Right Vice Director, Qiang Wang Defender General, Lü Polou Metropolitan Commandant, and Wang Meng Attendant of the Secretariat.
68
融好文學，明辯過人，耳聞則誦，過目不忘，力敵百夫，善騎射擊刺，少有令譽。 堅愛重之，常與共議國事。 融經綜內外，刑政修明，薦才揚滯，補益弘多。 丕亦有文武才幹，但治民斷獄，皆亞於融。
Rong loved letters and argued brilliantly; he recited what he heard and never forgot what he read; strong as a hundred men and skilled in riding, archery, and fencing, he enjoyed an early reputation for excellence. Jian cherished him and regularly debated state affairs with him. Rong coordinated internal and external affairs with clear law and government, advanced talent and unstuck the neglected, and brought wide benefit. Pi too had civil and martial gifts, yet in governing people and judging cases he ranked below Rong.
69
威，苟太后之姑子也，素與魏王雄友善。 生屢欲殺堅，賴威營救得免。 威得幸於苟太后，堅事之如父。 威知王猛之賢，常勸堅以國事任之，堅謂猛曰：「李公知君，猶鮑叔牙之知管仲也。」 猛以兄事之。
Wei was the empress dowager's cousin by marriage and had long been close to Prince Xiong of Wei. Sheng repeatedly tried to kill Jian; only Wei's rescue saved him. Favored by Empress Dowager Gou, Wei was treated by Jian like a father. Knowing Wang Meng's worth, Wei often urged Jian to entrust him with state affairs; Jian told Meng, "Lord Li knows you as Bao Shuya knew Guan Zhong." Wang Meng treated him as an elder brother.
70
燕主俊殺段龕，坑其徒三千餘人。
Murong Jun executed Duan Kan and buried alive more than three thousand of his followers.
71
秋，七月，秦大將軍冀州牧張平遣使請降，拜并州刺史。
In the seventh month of autumn Former Qin grand general and Ji governor Zhang Ping sent envoys to surrender and was appointed governor of Bing.
72
八月，丁未，立皇后何氏。 後，故散騎侍郎廬江何淮之女也。 禮如鹹康而不賀。
In the eighth month, on dingwei, Empress He was installed. The empress was the daughter of former palace attendant He Huai of Lujiang. Rites followed the Xian Kang precedent without congratulatory audiences.
73
秦王堅以權翼為給事黃門侍郎，薛贊為中書侍郎，與王猛並掌機密。 九月，追復太師魚遵等官，以禮改葬，子孫存者皆隨才擢敘。
Heavenly King Jian appointed Quan Yi Palace Attendant and Xue Zan Secretariat Attendant to share confidential affairs with Wang Meng. In the ninth month he posthumously restored Yu Zun and others, reburied them properly, and promoted surviving descendants by merit.
74
張平據新興、雁門、西河、太原、上黨、上郡之地，壁壘三百餘，夷、夏十餘萬戶，拜置征鎮，欲與燕、秦為敵國。 冬，十月，平寇略秦境，秦王堅以晉公柳都督並、冀州諸軍事，加并州牧，鎮蒲阪以御之。
Zhang Ping held Xinxing, Yanmen, Xihe, Taiyuan, Shangdang, and Shang with over three hundred strongpoints and more than a hundred thousand Yi and Han households, naming his own garrison commanders and aiming to rival Former Yan and Former Qin. In the tenth month of winter Ping raided Former Qin; Jian made Duke of Jin Fu Liu commander of Bing and Ji with added Bing governorship and stationed him at Puban.
75
十一月，癸酉，燕主俊自薊徙都鄴。
In the eleventh month, on guiyou, Murong Jun moved his capital from Ji to Ye.
76
秦太后苟氏游宣明台，見東海公法之第門車馬輻湊，恐終不利於秦王堅，乃與李威謀，賜法死。 堅與法訣於東堂，慟哭歐血； 謚曰獻哀公，封其子陽為東海公，敷為清河公。
Empress Dowager Gou visited the Illustrious Clarity Terrace, saw dense traffic at Duke of Donghai Fa's gate, feared this boded ill for Jian, and with Li Wei arranged Fa's death. Jian bade Fa farewell in the Eastern Hall and wept until he vomited blood; he gave him the posthumous title Duke Xian'ai and enfeoffed son Yang as Duke of Donghai and Fu as Duke of Qinghe.
77
十二月，乙巳，燕主俊入鄴宮，大赦。 復作銅雀台。
In the twelfth month, on yisi, Murong Jun entered the Ye palace and declared a general amnesty. He rebuilt the Bronze Bird Terrace.
78
以太常王彪之為左僕射。
Grand Minister of Ceremonies Wang Biaozhi was appointed Left Vice Director.
79
秦王堅行至尚書，以文案不治，免左丞程卓官，以王猛代之。 堅舉異才，修廢職，課農桑，恤困窮，禮百神，立學校，旌節義，繼絕世； 秦民大悅。
Jian went in person to the Secretariat; finding the paperwork in disorder, he dismissed Left Assistant Cheng Zhuo and replaced him with Wang Meng. Jian promoted men of talent, revived neglected offices, encouraged farming, aided the poor, honored the gods, founded schools, honored integrity, and restored broken lineages; Former Qin's people rejoiced widely.
80
孝宗穆皇帝中之下昇平二年（ 戊午，公元三五八年）
The second half of Emperor Mu's middle reign period, the second year of the Shengping era ( the year wuwu, corresponding to 358 CE)
81
春，正月，司徒昱稽首歸政，帝不許。
In the first month of spring, Minister over the Masses Sima Yu prostrated himself to resign office; the emperor refused.
82
初，馮鴦既以上黨來降，又附於張平，又自歸於燕，既而復叛燕。 二月，燕司徒上庸王評討之，不克。
Earlier Feng Yang had submitted with Shangdang, then aligned with Zhang Ping, then returned to Former Yan, and later rebelled again. In the second month, Former Yan's Minister over the Masses Murong Ping, Prince of Shangyong, attacked him but failed to take him.
83
秦王堅自將討張平，以鄧羌為前鋒督護，帥騎五千，軍於汾上； 平使養子蚝御之。 蚝多力趫捷，能曳牛卻走； 城無高下，皆可超越。 與羌相持旬餘，莫能相勝。 三月，堅至銅壁，平盡眾出戰，蚝單馬大呼，出入秦陳者四、五。 堅募人生致之，鷹揚將軍呂光刺蚝，中之，鄧羌擒蚝以獻，平眾大潰。 平懼，請降。 堅拜平右將軍，以蚝為虎賁中郎將。 蚝，本姓弓，上黨人也，堅寵待甚厚，常置左右。 秦人稱鄧羌、張蚝皆萬人敵。 光，婆樓之子也。 堅徙張平部民三千餘戶於長安。
Fu Jian of Former Qin led the campaign against Zhang Ping in person, appointed Deng Qiang front vanguard director-protector, took five thousand horse, and encamped on the Fen; Ping sent his adopted son Zhang Hao to meet him. Hao was immensely strong and agile and could drag an ox backward; walls high or low, he could scale them all. He and Deng Qiang faced each other for more than ten days without either gaining the upper hand. In the third month Jian reached Tongbi; Ping threw his whole force into battle; Hao charged alone, shouting, and rode in and out of the Former Qin lines four or five times. Jian offered a reward to take him alive; General Who Displays the Hawk's Might Lü Guang stabbed Hao and struck home; Deng Qiang seized him and presented him; Zhang Ping's army collapsed. Ping, in fear, asked to submit. Jian appointed Ping Right General and made Hao Tiger Guard Central Corps Colonel. Hao, born Gong, was from Shangdang; Jian favored him greatly and kept him constantly at hand. Former Qin folk called Deng Qiang and Zhang Hao each a match for ten thousand. Lü Guang was Polou's son. Jian relocated more than three thousand households of Zhang Ping's followers to Chang'an.
84
甲戌，燕主俊遣領軍將軍慕輿根，將兵助司徒評攻馮鴦。 根欲急攻之，評曰：「鴦壁堅，不如緩之。」 根曰：「不然。 公至城下經月，未嘗交鋒。 賊謂國家力止於此，遂相固結，冀幸萬一。 今根兵初至，形勢方振，賊眾恐懼，皆有離心，計慮未定，從而攻之，無不克者。」 遂急攻之。 鴦與其黨果相猜忌，鴦奔野王依呂護，其黨盡降。
On jiaxu, Murong Jun of Former Yan sent Murong Gen, General of the Army, with troops to help Minister over the Masses Ping attack Feng Yang. Gen wanted a swift assault. Ping said, "Yang's fortifications are strong; it is better to proceed slowly." Gen said, "Not so. You have been below the walls for a month without once crossing blades. The rebels think the state's strength ends here, so they have bonded together, hoping for a slim chance. Now that my troops have just arrived the momentum is fresh, the rebels are afraid and already wavering, their plans unsettled—strike now and you cannot fail." He pressed the attack at once. Yang and his followers indeed turned on one another; Yang fled to Yewang and threw himself on Lü Hu, while his party all surrendered.
85
夏，四月，秦王堅如雍，祠五畤； 六月，如河東，祀后土。
In the fourth month of summer, Fu Jian of Former Qin went to Yong and sacrificed at the Five Altars; in the sixth month he went to Hedong and sacrificed to Queen Earth.
86
秋，八月，豫州刺史謝弈卒。 弈，安之兄也。 司徒昱以建武將軍桓雲代之。 雲，溫之弟也。 訪於僕射王彪之。 彪之曰：「雲非不才，然溫居上流，已割天下之半，其弟復處西籓； 兵權萃於一門，非深根固蒂之宜。 人才非可豫量，但當令不與殿下作異者耳。」 昱頷之曰：「君言是也。」 壬申，以吳興太守謝萬為西中郎將，監司、豫、冀、並四州諸軍事、豫州刺史。
In the eighth month of autumn, Xie Yi, Inspector of Yu, died. Yi was Xie An's elder brother. Minister over the Masses Sima Yu replaced him with Huan Yun, General Who Establishes Might. Yun was Huan Wen's younger brother. Yu consulted Vice Director Wang Biaozhi. Biaozhi said, "Yun is not without ability, but Wen holds the upper Yangtze and has already carved off half the realm, and now his brother again holds a western frontier post; military power concentrated in one clan is not how deep roots and a firm stem are secured. Talent cannot be judged in advance; you need only ensure he does not act against Your Highness." Yu nodded and said, "You are right." On renshen, Xie Wan, Administrator of Wuxing, was made Western Center Corps General, overseer of military affairs in Si, Yu, Ji, and Bing, and Inspector of Yu.
87
王羲之與桓溫箋曰：「謝萬才流經通，使之處廊廟，固是後來之秀。 今以之俯順荒餘，近是違才易務矣。」 又遺萬書曰：「以君邁往不屑之韻，而俯同群碎，誠難為意也。 然所謂通識，正當隨事行藏耳。 願君每與士卒之下者同甘苦，則盡善矣。」 萬不能用。
Wang Xizhi wrote to Huan Wen, saying, "Xie Wan's talent runs through the classics; in the halls of state he would be a rising star. To set him now to bow to the ravaged frontier is nearly to misplace talent and swap his proper task." He also wrote to Wan, saying, "With your lofty, disdainful bearing, yet bowing among the common rabble—it is hard to stomach. Yet what men call comprehensive insight is precisely to show or hide oneself as the occasion demands. I hope you will always share hardship and ease with the men below you—then all will be well." Wan could not put this advice to use.
88
徐、兗二州刺史荀羨有疾，以御史中丞郗曇為羨軍司。 曇，鑒之子也。 九月，庚辰，秦王堅還長安，以太尉侯守尚書令。 於是秦大旱。 堅減膳徹樂，命后妃以下悉去羅紈； 開山澤之利，公私共之，息兵養民，旱不為災。
Xun Xian, Inspector of Xu and Yan, fell ill; Censor-in-Chief Chi Tan was made his army supervisor. Tan was the son of Chi Jian. In the ninth month, on gengchen, Fu Jian returned to Chang'an and made Grand Commandant Hou Shou Director of the Masters of Writings. Former Qin then suffered a severe drought. Jian cut his table, stopped music, and ordered the empress and consorts down to shed gauze silks; opened mountain and marsh resources for public and private benefit, rested the armies and nurtured the people, and the drought did not become a disaster.
89
王猛日親幸用事，宗親勳舊多疾之。 特進、姑臧侯樊世，本氐豪，佐秦主健定關中，謂猛曰：「吾輩耕之，君食之邪？」 猛曰：「非徒使君耕之，又將使君炊之！」 世大怒曰：「要當懸汝頭於長安城門，不然，吾不處世！」 猛以白堅。 堅曰：「必殺此老氐，然後百寮可肅。」 會世入言事，與猛爭論於堅前，世欲起擊猛。 堅怒，斬之。 於是群臣見猛皆屏息。
Wang Meng grew daily in intimate favor and wielded power; kinsmen and old merit holders mostly resented him. Privileged Attendant Fan Shi, Marquis of Guzang, a Di chieftain who had helped Former Qin ruler Fu Jian settle Guanzhong, said to Wang Meng, "We till the fields—do you eat?" Meng said, "I will not only have you till—I will have you cook as well!" Fan Shi flew into a rage and said, "I shall hang your head on Chang'an's gate—otherwise I will not remain in this world!" Meng reported this to Jian. Jian said, "This old Di must die—only then can the hundred offices be brought to order." When Fan Shi came in to discuss affairs and quarreled with Meng before Jian, Fan Shi tried to rise and strike him. Jian, enraged, had him beheaded. Thereafter the ministers all held their breath in Wang Meng's presence.
90
趙之亡也，其將張平、李歷、高昌皆遣使降燕，已而降晉，又降秦，各受爵位，欲中立以自固。 燕主俊使司徒評討張平於并州，司空陽騖討高昌於東燕，樂安王臧討李歷於濮。 陽騖攻昌別將於黎陽，不拔。 歷奔滎陽，其眾皆降。 并州壁壘百餘降於燕，俊以右僕射悅綰為并州刺史以撫之。 平所署征西將軍諸葛驤等帥壁壘百三十八降於燕，俊皆復其官爵。 平帥眾三千奔平陽，復請降於燕。
When Zhao fell, its generals Zhang Ping, Li Li, and Gao Chang each sent envoys to Former Yan, then to Jin, then to Former Qin, taking titles from each in turn and hoping to stay neutral and secure. Murong Jun sent Minister over the Masses Ping against Zhang Ping in Bing, Minister of Works Yang Xu against Gao Chang in Dongyan, and Prince of Le'an Murong Zang against Li Li at Pu. Yang Xu attacked Gao Chang's detached commander at Liyang but could not dislodge him. Li Li fled to Xingyang and his whole force surrendered. More than a hundred strongpoints in Bing submitted to Former Yan; Jun appointed Right Vice Director Yue Guan Inspector of Bing to pacify them. Zhuge Yang and others whom Ping had named General Who Pacifies the West led one hundred thirty-eight strongpoints to Former Yan; Jun restored all their offices and titles. Zhang Ping led three thousand men to Pingyang and again asked to submit to Former Yan.
91
冬，十月，泰山太守諸葛攸攻燕東郡，入武陽，燕主俊遣大司馬恪統陽騖及樂安王臧之兵以擊之。 攸敗走，還泰山，恪遂渡河，略地河南，分置守宰。
In the tenth month of winter, Zhuge You, Administrator of Taishan, attacked Former Yan's Dong commandery and entered Wuyang; Murong Jun sent Grand Marshal Murong Ke to command Yang Xu and Prince of Le'an Zang against him. You was beaten and fled back to Taishan; Ke crossed the river, overran the lands south of it, and set up garrisons and magistrates.
92
燕主俊欲經營秦、晉，十二月，令州郡校實見丁，戶留一丁，餘悉發為兵，欲使步卒滿一百五十萬，期來春大集洛陽。 武邑劉貴上書，極陳「百姓凋弊，發兵非法，必致土崩之變。」 俊善之，乃更令三五發兵，寬其期日，以來冬集鄴。
Murong Jun planned operations against Former Qin and Jin; in the twelfth month he ordered provinces and commanderies to verify registered males—one male per household to remain, the rest drafted, aiming for one million five hundred thousand foot soldiers to mass at Luoyang the following spring. Liu Gui of Wuyi submitted a memorial urgently warning, "The people are exhausted; illegal conscription will surely bring collapse." Jun approved it and changed the levy to one man from every three or five households, eased the deadline, and set massing at Ye for the coming winter.
93
時燕調發繁數，官司各遣使者，道路旁午，郡縣苦之。 太尉、領中書監封弈請「自今非軍期嚴急，不得遣使，自餘賦發皆責成州郡，其群司所遣彈督先在外者，一切攝還。」 俊從之。
Former Yan's levies were then incessant; every office sent its own envoys until the roads were crowded and the commanderies and counties were worn down. Grand Commandant and Concurrent Director of the Palace Secretariat Feng Yi asked that "from now on, unless military deadlines are urgent, no envoys be sent; all other levies be left to the provinces and commanderies; and all overseers previously dispatched by the various offices be recalled at once." Jun agreed.
94
燕泰山太守賈堅屯山茌，荀羨引兵擊之； 堅所將才七百餘人，羨兵十倍於堅。 堅將出戰，諸將皆曰：「眾少，不如固守。」 堅曰：「固守亦不能免，不如戰也。」 遂出戰，身先士卒，殺羨兵千餘人，復還入城。 羨進攻之，堅歎曰：「吾自結髮，志立功名，而每值窮厄，豈非命乎！ 與其屈辱而生，不若守節而死。」 乃謂將士曰：「今危困，計無所設，卿等可去，吾將止死。」 將士皆泣曰：「府君不出，眾亦俱死耳。」 乃扶堅上馬。 堅曰：「我如欲逃，必不相遣。 今當為卿曹決鬥，若勢不能支，卿等可趣去，勿復顧我也！」 乃開門直出。 羨兵四集，堅立馬橋上，左右射之，皆應弦而倒。 羨兵眾多，從塹下斫橋，堅人馬俱陷，生擒之，遂拔山茌。 羨謂堅曰：「君父、祖世為晉臣，奈何背本不降？」 堅曰：「晉自棄中華，非吾叛也。 民既無主，強則托命。 既已事人，安可改節！ 吾束脩自立，涉趙歷燕，未嘗易志，君何匆匆相謂降乎！」 羨復責之，堅怒曰：「豎子，兒女御乃公！」 羨怒，執置雨中，數日，堅憤惋而卒。
Jia Jian, Former Yan's Administrator of Taishan, held Shanzhi; Xun Xian led troops against him; Jia Jian had barely seven hundred men; Xun Xian's force was ten times his. Jia Jian was about to give battle; his officers all said, "We are too few—better to hold the walls." Jia Jian said, "Holding out will not save us either—better to fight." He went out, led from the front, killed more than a thousand of Xun Xian's men, and withdrew back into the city. Xun Xian pressed the siege. Jia Jian sighed, "Since I bound my hair I have sought merit and fame, yet I always meet ruin—is this not fate! Better to die holding my integrity than live in humiliation." He told his officers and men, "We are trapped and have no stratagem left—you may go; I alone will stay and die." His men wept and said, "If you do not come out, prefect, we shall all die with you." They helped him onto his horse. Jia Jian said, "If I meant to flee I would not let you come with me. Now I will fight a decisive battle for you; if we cannot hold, you may flee—do not look back for me!" He opened the gate and charged straight out. Xun Xian's troops closed in from all sides; Jia Jian stood on horseback on the bridge while his companions shot; every arrow found its mark. Xun Xian's men were too many; they cut the bridge from below the moat; Jia Jian and his horse fell in together and he was taken alive; Shanzhi then fell. Xun Xian said to him, "Your father and grandfather served Jin for generations—why turn your back on your roots and refuse to submit?" Jia Jian said, "Jin abandoned the Central Realm—it is not I who rebelled. When the people have no lord, they entrust themselves to whoever is strong. Having already served a master, how can I change my loyalty! I have stood on proper conduct since youth, served through Zhao and Yan, and never changed my resolve—why do you so hastily urge me to submit!" Xun Xian pressed him again; Jia Jian raged, "Whelp—are children and women to command me!" Xun Xian, furious, had him left in the rain; after several days Jia Jian died of grief and rage.
95
燕青州刺史慕容塵遣司馬悅明救泰山，羨兵大敗，燕復取山茌。 燕主俊以賈堅子活為任城太守。
Murong Chen, Former Yan's Inspector of Qing, sent Sima Yueming to relieve Taishan; Xun Xian's army was routed and Former Yan retook Shanzhi. Murong Jun appointed Jia Jian's son Huo Administrator of Rencheng.
96
荀羨疾篤，征還，以郗曇為北中郎將、都督徐、兗、青、冀、幽五州諸軍事、徐、兗二州刺史，鎮下邳。
Xun Xian's illness was grave and he was recalled; Chi Tan was made Northern Center Corps General, commander of Xu, Yan, Qing, Ji, and You, Inspector of Xu and Yan, and stationed at Xiapi.
97
燕吳王垂娶段末柸女，生子令、寶。 段氏才高性烈，自以貴姓，不尊事可足渾後，可足渾氏銜之。 燕主俊素不快於垂，中常侍涅皓因希旨告段氏及吳國典書令遼東高弼為巫蠱，欲以連污垂。 俊收段氏及弼下大長秋、延尉考驗，段氏及弼志氣確然，終無撓辭。 掠治日急，垂愍之，私使人謂段氏曰：「人生會當一死，何堪楚毒如此！ 不若引服。」 段氏歎曰：「吾豈愛死者耶！ 若自誣以惡逆，上辱祖宗，下累於王，固不為也！」 辯答益明，故垂得免禍，而段氏竟死於獄中。 出垂為平州刺史，鎮遼東。 垂以段氏女弟為繼室； 足渾氏黜之，以其妹長安君妻垂； 垂不悅，由是益惡之。
Murong Chui, Prince of Wu of Former Yan, married a daughter of Duan Modi and fathered sons Ling and Bao. The Duan lady was talented and fierce; considering herself of noble birth, she would not defer to the Kefulun consort, and the Kefulun clan bore a grudge. Murong Jun had long been displeased with Murong Chui; Palace Attendant Nie Hao, seeking to please him, accused Lady Duan and Director of Documents of Wu Gao Bi of Liaodong of witchcraft, intending to implicate Chui. Murong Jun arrested Lady Duan and Gao Bi and handed them to the Grand Director of Palace Parks and the Minister of Justice for interrogation; both remained steadfast and never confessed under torture. As the torture grew harsher day by day, Chui took pity on her and secretly sent someone to tell Lady Duan, "Every person must die someday—how can you bear such agony! You had better confess." Lady Duan sighed and said, "Do you think I cling to life! To falsely confess to wicked rebellion would shame my ancestors above and burden the prince below—I will never do that!" Her answers grew ever clearer, so Chui escaped harm while Lady Duan died in prison. Murong Chui was sent out as Governor of Ping Province and stationed in Liaodong. Murong Chui took Lady Duan's younger sister as his successor consort; Lady Kefulun dismissed her and gave her own younger sister Lady Changanjun to Chui as wife; Murong Chui was displeased and therefore hated her all the more.
98
匈奴劉閼頭部落多叛，懼而東走，乘冰渡河，半渡而冰解，後眾盡歸劉悉勿祈，閼頭奔代。 悉勿祈，務桓之子也。
Many of the Xiongnu tribes under Liu Yantou rebelled; fearful, he fled east and crossed the river on the ice, but halfway across the ice broke up, his rearguard all went over to Liu Xiwuqi, and Yantou fled to Dai. Xiwuqi was a son of Wuhuan.
99
孝宗穆皇帝中之下昇平三年（ 己未，公元三五九年）
The second half of Emperor Mu's middle reign period, the third year of the Shengping era ( jiwei, AD 359)
100
春，二月，燕主俊立子泓為濟北王，沖為中山王。
In the second month of spring, Murong Jun made his son Hong Prince of Jibei and Chong Prince of Zhongshan.
101
燕人殺段勤，勤弟思來奔。
The people of Former Yan killed Duan Qin; his younger brother Si came to defect to Jin.
102
燕主俊宴群臣於蒲池，語及周太子晉，潸然流涕曰：「才子難得。 自景先之亡，吾鬢髮中白。 卿等謂景先何如？」 司徒左長史李績對曰：「獻懷太子之在東宮，臣為中庶子，太子志業，敢不知之！ 太子大德有八：至孝，一也； 聰敏，二也； 沈毅，三也； 疾諛喜直，四也； 好學，五也； 多藝，六也：謙恭，七也； 好施，八也。」 俊曰：「卿譽之雖過，然此兒在，吾死無憂矣。 景茂何如？」 時太子暐侍側，績曰：「皇太子天資岐嶷，雖八德已聞，然二闕未補，好游畋而樂絲竹，此其所以為損也。」 俊顧謂暐曰：「伯陽之言，藥石之惠也，汝宜誡之！」 暐甚不平。
Murong Jun feasted his ministers at Puchi Pool, spoke of Crown Prince Jin of Zhou, and wept openly, saying, "Men of talent are hard to find. Since Jingxian died, the hair at my temples has turned white. What do you think of Jingxian?" Left Chief Clerk of the Minister over the Masses Li Ji replied, "When Crown Prince Xianhuai was in the Eastern Palace, I served as Palace Companion—I know his aims and accomplishments well! The crown prince possessed eight great virtues: supreme filial piety was the first; intelligence and quickness, the second; steadfast composure, the third; hatred of flattery and love of honest counsel, the fourth; love of learning, the fifth; many accomplishments, the sixth; humility and courtesy, the seventh; love of generosity, the eighth." Murong Jun said, "Your praise exceeds the truth, yet while that son lived, I had no worries about dying. What of Jingmao?" Crown Prince Wei was standing at his side; Li Ji said, "The crown prince is gifted with exceptional intelligence; though the eight virtues are already evident, two faults remain—he loves roaming and hunting and delights in music. That is what mars him." Murong Jun turned to Wei and said, "Boyang's words are harsh medicine for your good—you should heed them as a warning!" Murong Wei was deeply resentful.
103
俊夢趙主虎嚙其臂，乃發虎墓，求屍不獲，購以百金； 鄴女子李菟知而告之，得屍於東明觀下，僵而不腐。 俊蹋而罵之曰：「死胡，何敢怖生天子！」 數其殘暴之罪而鞭之，投於漳水，屍倚橋柱不流。 及秦滅燕，王猛為之誅李菟，收而葬之。
Murong Jun dreamed that Shi Hu of Later Zhao was biting his arm; he therefore opened Hu's tomb but could not find the corpse and offered a reward of a hundred gold; a woman of Ye named Li Tu learned of it and reported; the corpse was found beneath the Dongming Abbey, stiff but uncorrupted. Murong Jun trampled the corpse and cursed it, saying, "Dead barbarian—how dare you frighten a living Son of Heaven!" He recounted Hu's crimes of cruelty and flogged the corpse, then cast it into the Zhang River; the corpse leaned against a bridge pillar and would not drift away. When Former Qin destroyed Former Yan, Wang Meng had Li Tu executed on Hu's behalf, recovered the corpse, and gave it proper burial.
104
秦平羌護軍高離據略陽叛，永安威公侯討之，未克而卒。 夏，四月，驍騎將軍鄧羌、秦州刺史啖鐵討平之。
Former Qin's Pacifier of the Qiang Protector-General Gao Li seized Lueyang and rebelled; Marquis Hou, Duke of Yong'an and Prestigious Baron, attacked him but died before the campaign succeeded. In the fourth month of summer, Valiant Cavalry General Deng Qiang and Qin Province Inspector Tan Tie suppressed and pacified the rebellion.
105
匈奴劉悉勿祈卒，弟衛辰殺其子而代之。 五月，秦王堅如河東； 六月，大赦，改元甘露。
The Xiongnu leader Liu Xiwuqi died; his younger brother Weichen killed Xiwuqi's son and took his place. In the fifth month, Fu Jian of Former Qin went to Hedong; in the sixth month he proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the era name to Ganlu.
106
涼州牧張瓘，猜忌苛虐，專以愛憎為賞罰。 郎中殷郇諫之。 瓘曰：「虎生三日，自能食肉，不須人教也。」 由是人情不附。 輔國將軍宋混，性忠鯁，瓘憚之，欲殺混及弟澄，因廢涼王玄靚而代之，徵兵數萬，集姑臧。 混知之，與澄帥壯士楊和等四十餘騎奄入南城，宣告諸營曰：「張瓘謀逆，被太后令誅之。」 俄而眾至二千。 瓘帥眾出戰，混擊破之。 瓘麾下玄臚刺混，不能穿甲，混擒之，瓘眾悉降。 瓘與弟琚皆自殺，混夷其宗族。 玄靚以混為使持節、都督中外諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、酒泉郡侯，代瓘輔政。 混乃請玄靚去涼王之號，復稱涼州牧。 混謂玄臚曰：「卿刺我，幸而不傷，今我輔政，卿其懼乎？」 臚曰：「臚受瓘恩，唯恨刺節下不深耳，竊無所懼！」 混義之，任為心膂。
Liang Province Governor Zhang Guan was suspicious, harsh, and cruel, meting out rewards and punishments solely by personal favor. Gentleman-of-the-Palace Yin Heng remonstrated with him. Zhang Guan said, "A tiger three days old can eat meat on its own—no one need teach it." From this the people turned away from him. Assistant State General Song Hun was loyal and outspoken by nature; Zhang Guan feared him and planned to kill Hun and his younger brother Cheng, depose the Liang ruler Zhang Xuanjing, and seize the throne himself, calling up tens of thousands of troops at Guzang. Song Hun learned of it; with Cheng he led more than forty horsemen including the stalwart Yang He in a sudden strike into the southern city and proclaimed to the camps, "Zhang Guan is plotting rebellion and has been condemned by the empress dowager's order." Within moments his force grew to two thousand men. Zhang Guan led his troops out to fight; Song Hun routed him. Zhang Guan's officer Xuanlu stabbed at Song Hun but could not pierce his armor; Hun seized him, and Zhang Guan's entire force surrendered. Zhang Guan and his younger brother Ju both committed suicide; Song Hun exterminated their clan. Zhang Xuanjing made Song Hun Bearer of the Staff of Authority, commander of all military affairs at court and in the field, Rapid Cavalry Grand General, and Marquis of Jiuquan, replacing Zhang Guan as regent. Song Hun then asked Zhang Xuanjing to relinquish the title Prince of Liang and again style himself Governor of Liang Province. Song Hun said to Xuanlu, "You stabbed me and by luck did not wound me; now that I hold power, are you afraid?" Xuanlu said, "I received Zhang Guan's favor and only regret that my thrust against Your Excellency was not deep enough—I have no fear at all!" Song Hun admired his loyalty and made him a trusted confidant.
107
高昌不能拒燕，秋，七月，自白馬奔滎陽。
Gao Chang could not hold out against Former Yan; in the seventh month of autumn he fled from Baima to Xingyang.
108
秦王堅自河東還，以驍騎將軍鄧羌為御史中丞。 八月，以咸陽內史王猛為侍中、中書令，領京兆尹。 特進、光祿大夫強德，太后之弟也，酗酒，豪橫，掠人財貨、子女，為百姓患。 猛下車收德，奏未及報，已陳屍於市，堅馳使赦之，不及。 與鄧羌同志，疾惡糾案，無所顧忌，數旬之間，權豪、貴戚，殺戮、刑免者二十餘人，朝廷震慄，奸猾屏氣，路不拾遺。 堅歎曰：「吾始今知天下之有法也！」
Fu Jian returned from Hedong and made Valiant Cavalry General Deng Qiang Imperial Censor. In the eighth month he made Xianyang Administrator Wang Meng Palace Attendant and Director of the Imperial Secretariat, while also serving as Metropolitan of Jingzhao. Special Advancement and Grand Master of Splendid Brightness Qiang De was the empress dowager's younger brother; he drank heavily, was overbearing and violent, seized people's goods and children, and was a scourge to the common people. Wang Meng left his carriage to arrest Qiang De; before the memorial could be answered the corpse was already displayed in the market; Fu Jian sent a fast messenger to pardon him but was too late. Together with Deng Qiang he shared one purpose, hating evil and prosecuting cases without regard for anyone; within several weeks more than twenty powerful families and noble kin were killed or stripped of office; the court trembled, the crafty fell silent, and lost objects lay untouched on the roads. Fu Jian sighed and said, "Only now do I know that the realm has law!"
109
泰山太守諸慕攸將水陸二萬擊燕，入自石門，屯於河渚。 燕上庸王評、長樂太守傅顏帥步騎五萬與攸戰於東阿，攸兵大敗。
Taishan Administrator Zhuge You led twenty thousand troops by land and water against Former Yan, entering through Shimen and encamping on the river islet. Former Yan's Prince of Shangyong Murong Ping and Changle Administrator Fu Yan led fifty thousand foot and horse against Zhuge You at Dong'e; You's army was routed.
110
冬，十月，詔謝萬軍下蔡，郗曇軍高平以擊燕。 萬矜豪傲物，但以嘯詠自高，未嘗撫眾。 兄安深憂之，謂萬曰：「汝為元帥，宜數接對諸將以悅其心，豈有傲誕如此而能濟事也！」 萬乃召集諸將，一無所言，直以如意指四坐云：「諸將皆勁卒」。 諸將益恨之。 安慮萬不免，乃自隊帥以下，無不親造，厚相親托。 既而萬帥眾入渦、穎以援洛陽，郗曇以病退屯彭城。 萬以為燕兵大盛，故曇退，即引兵還，眾遂驚潰。 萬狼狽單歸，軍士欲因其敗而圖之，以安故而止。 既至，詔廢萬為庶人，降曇號建武將軍。 於是許昌、穎川、譙、沛諸城相次皆沒於燕。
In the tenth month of winter, an edict ordered Xie Wan's army to Xiapi and Chi Tan's army to Gaoping to attack Former Yan. Xie Wan was arrogant and looked down on others, taking pride only in whistling and chanting poetry, and never attended to his troops. His elder brother Xie An was deeply worried and told him, "You are commander-in-chief and ought often to meet your generals and win their hearts—how can you be so arrogant and frivolous and still succeed!" Xie Wan then summoned the generals, said nothing at all, and simply pointed his ruyi scepter at those seated around him, saying, "All you generals are crack troops." The generals hated him all the more. Fearing Xie Wan would come to ruin, Xie An personally visited every officer from company commanders downward and treated them with great warmth and trust. Before long Xie Wan led his troops into the Wo and Ying region to relieve Luoyang; Chi Tan, citing illness, withdrew and encamped at Pengcheng. Xie Wan thought Former Yan's forces were overwhelming and that Chi Tan had therefore withdrawn; he immediately led his army back, and the troops at once panicked and scattered. Xie Wan returned alone in disgrace; the soldiers wished to take advantage of his defeat to plot against him but desisted out of regard for Xie An. When he arrived, an edict degraded Xie Wan to commoner status and reduced Chi Tan's title to General Who Establishes Martiality. Thereupon Xuchang, Yingchuan, Qiao, Pei, and other cities in succession all fell to Former Yan.
111
秦王堅以王猛為吏部尚書，尋遷太子詹事。 十一月，為左僕射，餘官如故。
Fu Jian made Wang Meng Minister of Personnel and soon transferred him to Supervisor of the Heir Apparent's Household. In the eleventh month he was made Left Vice Director while retaining his other posts.
112
十二月，封武陵王晞子□逢為梁王。
In the twelfth month he enfeoffed Pang Feng, son of Prince of Wuling Xi, as Prince of Liang.
113
大旱。
A severe drought struck.
114
辛酉，燕主俊寢疾，謂大司馬太原王恪曰：「吾病必不濟。 今二方未平，景茂沖幼，國家多難，吾欲效宋宣公，以社稷屬汝，何如？」 恪曰：「太子雖幼，勝殘致治之主也。 臣實何人，敢干正統！」 俊怒曰：「兄弟之間，豈虛飾邪！」 恪曰：「陛下若以臣能荷天下之任者，豈不能輔少主乎！」 俊喜曰：「汝能為周公，吾復何憂！ 李績清方忠亮，汝善遇之。」 召吳王垂還鄴。
On xinyou, Murong Jun fell gravely ill and said to Grand Marshal Murong Ke, Prince of Taiyuan, "My illness surely cannot be cured. The two frontiers are not yet pacified, Jingmao is young, and the state faces many hardships; I wish to follow Duke Xuan of Song and entrust the realm to you—what do you think?" Murong Ke said, "Though the crown prince is young, he is a ruler who can overcome the cruel and bring order. What sort of man am I that I should dare interfere with the legitimate succession!" Murong Jun angrily said, "Between brothers, can there be empty courtesy!" Murong Ke said, "If Your Majesty believes I can bear the burden of the realm, can I not assist a young ruler!" Murong Jun said with pleasure, "If you can be the Duke of Zhou, what have I to worry about! Li Ji is pure, upright, loyal, and bright—treat him well." He summoned Murong Chui, Prince of Wu, back to Ye.
115
秦王堅以王猛為輔國將軍、司隸校尉、居中宿衛、僕射、詹事、侍中、中書令，領選如故。 猛上疏辭讓，因薦散騎常侍陽平公融、光祿、散騎西河任群、處士京兆朱彤自代。 堅不許，而以融為侍中、中書監、左僕射，任群為光祿大夫，領太子家令； 朱彤為尚書侍郎、領太子庶子。 猛時年三十六，歲中五遷，權傾內外； 人有毀之者，堅輒罪之，於是群臣莫敢復言。 以左僕射李威領護軍，右僕射梁平老為使持節、都督北垂諸軍事、鎮北大將軍，戍朔方之西； 丞相司馬賈雍為雲中護軍，戍雲中之南。
Fu Jian made Wang Meng Assistant State General, Metropolitan Commandant, commander of the central palace guard, Vice Director, Supervisor of the Heir Apparent's Household, Palace Attendant, and Director of the Imperial Secretariat, while continuing to oversee selection as before. Wang Meng submitted a memorial declining the posts and recommending in his place Palace Attendant Fu Rong, Duke of Yangping; Grand Master of Splendid Brightness and Palace Attendant Ren Qun of Xihe; and recluse Zhu Tong of Jingzhao. Fu Jian would not agree and instead made Fu Rong Palace Attendant, Supervisor of the Imperial Secretariat, and Left Vice Director; Ren Qun Grand Master of Splendid Brightness and acting Director of the Heir Apparent's Household; Zhu Tong Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat and acting Palace Companion to the Heir Apparent. Wang Meng was then thirty-six years old; within the year he was promoted five times, and his power dominated the court inside and out; when anyone slandered him, Fu Jian at once punished the slanderer, and thereafter the ministers dared speak against Wang Meng again. He made Left Vice Director Li Wei acting Protector of the Army and Right Vice Director Liang Pinglao Bearer of the Staff of Authority, commander of military affairs on the northern frontier, Pacifier of the North Grand General, garrisoning west of Shuofang; Chancellor's Major Jia Yong was made Protector of the Army of Yunzhong, garrisoning south of Yunzhong.
116
燕所征郡國兵悉集鄴城。
All the troops Former Yan had levied from the commanderies and kingdoms were gathered at Ye.