1
資治通鑑第107卷
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 107.
2
卷第一百七
Volume 107.
3
【晉紀二十九】起強圉大淵獻，盡重光單閼，凡五年。
[Jin Annals 29] From Qiangyu Dayuanxian through Chongguang Danyan—five years in all.
4
列宗孝武皇帝中之下太元十二年（ 丁亥，公元三八七年）
From the middle and latter part of Emperor Xiaowu's reign, the twelfth year of the Taiyuan era ( dinghai, corresponding to 387 CE).
5
春，正月，乙巳，以朱序為青，兗二州刺史，代謝玄鎮彭城； 序求鎮淮陰，許之。 以玄為會稽內史。
In spring, on the first month's yisi day, Zhu Xu was made Inspector of Qing and Yan, taking over Xie Xuan's post at Pengcheng; Xu asked to command from Huaiyin, and the court agreed. Xie Xuan was named Administrator of Kuaiji.
6
丁未，大赦。
On dingwei day the court declared a general amnesty.
7
燕主垂觀兵河上，高陽王隆曰：「溫詳之徒，皆白面儒生，烏合為群，徒恃長河以自固，若大軍濟河，必望旗震壞，不待戰也。」 垂從之。 戊午，遣鎮北將軍蘭汗、護軍將軍平幼於碻磝西四十里濟河，隆以大眾陳於北岸。 溫攀、溫楷果走趣城，平幼追擊，大破之。 詳夜將妻子奔彭城，其眾三萬餘戶皆降於燕。 垂以太原王楷為兗州刺史，鎮東阿。
Murong Chui, lord of Yan, reviewed his army on the river. Prince Murong Long of Gaoyang said, "Men like Wen Xiang are pale-faced literati cobbled into a crowd; they trust only the broad river for safety. Once our main force crosses, they will break at the sight of our standards—no battle needed." Chui agreed. On wuwu he sent Lan Han, Pacifier of the North, and Ping You, Protector-General, to ford the river forty li west of Que'ao, while Long drew up the main army on the north bank. Wen Pan and Wen Kai did flee for the city; Ping You chased them down and won a crushing victory. Xiang fled by night with his family to Pengcheng, and more than thirty thousand households of his followers surrendered to Yan. Chui made Prince Murong Kai of Taiyuan Inspector of Yan and posted him at Dong'e.
8
初，垂在長安，秦王堅嘗與之交手語，垂出，冗從僕射光祚言於堅曰：「陛下頗疑慕容垂乎？ 垂非久為人下者也。」 堅以告垂。 及秦主丕自鄴奔晉陽，祚與黃門侍郎封孚、巨鹿太守封勸皆來奔。 勸，弈之子也。 垂之再圍鄴也，秦故臣西河朱肅等各以其眾來奔。 詔以祚等為河北諸郡太守，皆營於濟北、濮陽，羈屬溫詳； 詳敗，俱詣燕軍降。 垂赦之，撫待如舊。 垂見光祚，流涕沾衿，曰：「秦主待我深，吾事之亦盡； 但為二公猜忌，吾懼死而負之，每一念之，中宵不寐。」 祚亦悲慟。 垂賜祚金帛，祚固辭，垂曰：「卿猶復疑邪？」 詐曰：「臣昔者惟知忠於所事，不意陛下至今懷之，臣敢逃其死？」 祚曰：「此乃卿之忠，固吾求也，前言戲之耳」。 待之彌厚，以為中常侍。
Earlier, while Chui was at Chang'an, King Fu Jian of Former Qin had spoken with him familiarly, hand in hand. After Chui left, Attendant Master of Ceremonies Guang Zuo said to Jian, "Does Your Majesty harbor doubts about Murong Chui? He is not a man who will stay beneath others for long." Jian repeated the remark to Chui. When Qin ruler Fu Pi fled Ye for Jinyang, Guang Zuo, Gentleman Attendant Feng Fu, and Julu Administrator Feng Quan all defected to Chui. Quan was Feng Yi's son. During Chui's second siege of Ye, former Qin officials including Zhu Su of Xihe arrived with their troops. An edict made Guang Zuo and the others administrators of Hebei commanderies; they camped at Jibei and Puyang under Wen Xiang's oversight; when Xiang fell, they all went to the Yan camp and submitted. Chui pardoned them and received them as of old. Seeing Guang Zuo, Chui wept until his collar was wet and said, "The Qin ruler was deeply kind to me, and I served him with all I had; yet those two lords grew suspicious, and I feared I would die still owing him a debt—whenever I think of it, I lie awake till midnight." Guang Zuo wept as well. Chui offered Guang Zuo gold and silk; Guang Zuo refused firmly. Chui said, "Do you still doubt me? Guang Zuo said, "I once knew only loyalty to my lord; I never thought Your Majesty would still hold it against me—how could I shirk death? Chui said, "That loyalty is exactly what I wanted; I was only jesting before." He treated Guang Zuo even more warmly and made him Palace Attendant.
9
翟遼遣其子釗寇陳、穎，朱序遣將軍秦膺擊走之。
Zhai Liao sent his son Zhao to raid Chen and Ying; Zhu Xu sent General Qin Ying, who beat them back.
10
秦主登立妃毛氏為皇后，勃海王懿為太弟。 後，興之女也。 遣使拜東海王纂為使持節、都督中外諸軍事、太師、領大司馬，封魯王，纂弟師奴為撫軍大將軍、并州牧，封朔方公。 纂怒謂使者曰：「勃海王，先帝之子，南安王何以不立而自立乎？」 長史王旅諫曰：「南安已立，理無中改； 今寇虜未滅，不可宗室之中自為仇敵也。」 纂乃受命。 於是盧水胡彭沛谷、屠各董成、張龍世、新平羌雷惡地等皆附於篡，有眾十餘萬。
Qin ruler Fu Deng made Lady Mao empress and Prince Fu Yi of Bohai Grand Younger Brother. The empress was Fu Xing's daughter. He sent envoys to appoint Prince Fu Zuan of Donghai commander of all forces with the staff of authority, Grand Preceptor, and Grand Marshal, enfeoffing him as Prince of Lu; Zuan's brother Shinu became General Who Pacifies the Army and Governor of Bing, enfeoffed as Duke of Shuofang. Zuan angrily told the envoy, "Prince Yi of Bohai is the late emperor's son—why enthrone Nan'an's prince while passing over him? Chief Clerk Wang Lü urged, "Nan'an is already on the throne; the succession cannot be reopened; the foe is not yet beaten—you must not turn the clan against itself." Zuan then accepted. Then Peng Peigu of the Lushui Hu, Dong Cheng of the Tuge, Zhang Longshi, Lei E'di of the Xiping Qiang, and others rallied to Zuan with more than a hundred thousand followers.
11
後秦主萇徙秦州豪傑三萬戶於安定。
Later Qin ruler Yao Chang relocated thirty thousand leading families from Qinzhou to Anding.
12
初，安次人齊涉聚眾八千餘家據新柵，降燕，燕主垂拜涉魏郡太守。 既而復叛，連張願，願自帥萬餘人進屯祝阿之甕口，招翟遼，共應涉。
Earlier Qi She of Anci rallied more than eight thousand households, held Xinzha, and submitted to Yan; Murong Chui made him Administrator of Wei. He soon rebelled again, allying with Zhang Yuan, who led more than ten thousand men to Wengkou near Zhu'a, summoned Zhai Liao, and acted with She.
13
高陽王隆言於垂曰：「新柵堅固，攻之未易猝拔。 若久頓兵於其城下，張願擁帥流民，西引丁零，為患方深。 願眾雖多，然皆新附，未能力鬥。 因其自至，宜先擊之。 願父子恃其驍勇，必不肯避去，可一戰擒也。 願破，則涉自不能存矣。」 垂從之。
Prince Murong Long of Gaoyang told Chui, "Xinzha is strong; a quick assault will not uproot it. If we camp there too long, Zhang Yuan will rally refugees and pull Dingling allies from the west—the danger will deepen. Yuan has numbers, but his men are new followers and will not fight hard. Since he has come to us, we should hit him first. The Yuans rely on their valor and will not slip away—we can take them in one battle. Break Yuan, and She cannot hold out alone. Chui agreed."
14
二月，遣范陽王德、陳留王紹、龍驤將軍張崇帥步騎二萬會隆擊願。 軍至斗城，去甕口二十餘里，解鞍頓息。 願引兵奄至，燕人驚遽，德軍退走，隆勒兵不動。 願子龜出沖陳，隆遣左右王末逆擊，斬之。 隆徐進戰，願兵乃退。 德行裡餘，復速兵還，與隆合，謂隆：「賊氣方銳，宜且緩之。」 隆曰：「願乘人不備，宜得大捷； 而吾士卒皆以懸隔河津，勢迫之故，人思自戰，故能卻之。 今賊不得利，氣竭勢衰，皆有進退之志，不能齊奮，宜亟待擊之。」 德曰：「吾唯卿所為耳。」 遂進，戰於甕口，大破之，斬首七千八百級，願脫身保三布口。 燕人進軍歷城，青、兗、徐州郡縣壁壘多降。 垂以陳留王紹為青州刺史，鎮歷地。 德等還師，新柵人冬鸞執涉送之。 垂誅涉父子，餘悉原之。
In the second month he sent Princes Murong De of Fanyang and Murong Shao of Chenliu and Dragon-Cavalry General Zhang Chong with twenty thousand troops to join Long against Yuan. The army reached Doucheng, a little over twenty li from Wengkou, and dismounted to rest. Yuan struck suddenly; the Yan troops panicked, De's wing broke and fled, but Long held his line. Yuan's son Gui charged the formation; Long sent Wang Mo, who cut him down. Long pressed forward steadily until Yuan's men gave way. De had retreated a li or more, then rushed back to Long and said, "The enemy is still fierce—we should hold off. Long said, "Yuan caught us off guard and should have won big; but our men, cut off from the ford and cornered, each fought for his life—that is why we beat them back. Now they have gained nothing; their spirit is spent and their momentum broken—each man is wavering and they cannot charge as one. We must strike while we can." De said, "I leave it to you." They advanced, fought at Wengkou, and routed Yuan, taking 7,800 heads; Yuan fled to Sanbukou. The Yan army marched on Licheng, and fortified towns across Qing, Yan, and Xu largely submitted. Chui made Prince Murong Shao of Chenliu Inspector of Qing and posted him at Lidi. On the return march, Dong Luan of Xinzha seized She and handed him over. Chui executed She and his sons and pardoned the rest.
15
三月，秦主登以竇沖為南秦州牧，楊定為益州牧，楊壁為司空、梁州牧，乞伏國仁為大將軍、大單于、苑川王。
In the third month Fu Deng made Dou Chong Governor of Southern Qin, Yang Ding Governor of Yi, Yang Bi Minister of Works and Governor of Liang, and Qifu Guoren Grand General, Grand Chanyu, and Prince of Yuanchuan.
16
燕上谷人王敏殺太守封戢，代郡人許謙逐太守賈閏，各以郡附劉顯。
Wang Min of Shanggu killed Administrator Feng Ji; Xu Qian of Dai drove out Administrator Jia Run; each turned his commandery over to Liu Xian.
17
燕樂浪王溫為尚書右僕射。
Murong Wen, Prince of Lelang, became Vice Director of the Masters of Writing on the right.
18
夏，四月，戊辰，尊帝母李氏為皇太妃，儀服如太后。 後秦征西將軍姚碩德為楊定所逼，退過涇陽。 定與秦魯王纂共攻之，戰於涇陽，碩德大敗。 後秦主萇自陰密救之，纂退屯敷陸。
In summer, on the fourth month's wuchen day, the emperor's mother Lady Li was honored as Grand Imperial Consort with the rites of an empress dowager. Later Qin's western campaign general Yao Shuode, pressed by Yang Ding, fell back beyond Jingyang. Ding and Qin Prince Fu Zuan of Lu attacked together; at Jingyang Shuode suffered a crushing defeat. Later Qin ruler Yao Chang marched from Yinmi to relieve him; Zuan pulled back to Fulu.
19
燕主垂自碻磝還中山，慕容柔、慕容盛、慕容會來自長子。 庚辰，垂為之大赦。 垂問盛：「長子人情如何？ 為可取乎？」 盛曰：「西軍擾擾，人有東歸之志，陛下唯當修仁政以俟之耳。 若大國一臨，必投戈而來，若孝子之歸慈父也。」 垂悅。 癸未，封柔為陽平王，盛為長樂公，會為清河公。
Murong Chui returned from Que'ao to Zhongshan; Murong Rou, Murong Sheng, and Murong Hui arrived from Changzi. On gengchen he declared a general amnesty to mark their arrival. Chui asked Sheng, "What is the mood in Changzi? Can we take it?" Sheng said, "The western garrison is unsettled and the people long to come east. Your Majesty need only rule with benevolence and wait. When your great army appears, they will drop their weapons and come home like sons returning to a loving father." Chui was delighted. On guiwei he enfeoffed Rou as Prince of Yangping, Sheng as Duke of Changle, and Hui as Duke of Qinghe.
20
高平人翟暢執太守徐含遠，以郡降翟遼。 燕主垂謂諸將曰：「遼以一城之眾，返覆三國之間，不可不討。」 五月，以章武王宙監中外諸軍事，輔太子寶守中山，垂自帥諸將南攻遼，以太原王楷為前鋒都督。 遼眾皆燕、趙之人，聞楷至，皆曰：「太原王子，吾之父母也！」 相遇歸之。 遼懼，遣使請降。 垂以遼為徐州牧，封河南公； 前至黎陽，受降而還。
Zhai Chang of Gaoping seized Administrator Xu Hanyuan and handed Gaoping to Zhai Liao. Murong Chui told his generals, "With one city's strength Liao has played all three kingdoms off one another—he must be punished. In the fifth month he put Prince Murong Zhou of Zhangwu in charge of all forces to assist Crown Prince Bao at Zhongshan, while he led the army south against Liao with Prince Murong Kai of Taiyuan as vanguard commander. Liao's men were Yan and Zhao natives; hearing Kai had come, they cried, "The Prince of Taiyuan is our father and mother! They went over to him on sight. Liao, afraid, sent envoys to sue for peace. Chui made him Governor of Xu and Duke of Henan; advanced to Liyang, accepted his submission, and marched home.
21
井陘人賈鮑，招引北山丁零翟遙等五千餘人，夜襲中山，隱其外郭。 章武王宙以奇兵出其外，太子寶鼓噪於內。 合擊，大破之，盡俘其眾，唯遙、鮑單馬走免。
Jia Bao of Jingxing rallied more than five thousand northern Dingling under Zhai Yao, raided Zhongshan by night, and hid outside the outer wall. Prince Murong Zhou of Zhangwu led picked troops outside while Crown Prince Bao drummed and shouted within. Attacking from both sides, they routed the raiders and took every man; only Yao and Bao escaped alone on horseback.
22
劉顯地廣兵強，雄於北方。 會其兄弟乖爭，魏長史張兗言於魏王珪曰：「顯志在併吞，今不乘其內潰而取之，必為後患。 然吾不能獨克，請與燕共攻之。 珪從之，復遣安同乞師於燕。
Liu Xian held broad lands and a strong army and was the power of the north. Just then his brothers fell out; Wei chief clerk Zhang Gun told King Tuoba Gui, "Xian means to swallow everything—if we do not strike while he is split within, he will trouble us later. We cannot beat him alone—I ask that we attack with Yan. Gui agreed and again sent An Tong to ask Yan for troops.
23
詔征會稽處士戴逵，逵累辭不就； 郡縣敦逼不已，逵逃匿於吳。 謝玄上疏曰：「逵自求其志，今王命未回，將罹風霜之患。 陛下既已愛而器之，亦宜使其身名並存； 請絕召命。」 帝許之。 逵，之兄也。
The court summoned the recluse Dai Kui of Kuaiji; Kui repeatedly refused; local officials kept pressing him, and he hid in Wu. Xie Xuan memorialized, "Kui is following his own calling; yet the summons still stands and he will suffer exposure and hardship. Your Majesty already values him—you should let both the man and his reputation endure; I beg that the summons be withdrawn." The emperor agreed. Kui was Xuan's elder brother.
24
秦主登以其兄同成為司徒、守尚書令，封穎川王； 弟廣為中書監，封安成王； 子崇為尚書左僕射，封東平王。
Fu Deng made his elder brother Fu Tongcheng Minister of Education and acting Director of the Masters of Writing, enfeoffing him as Prince of Yingchuan; his brother Guang became Supervisor of the Masters of Writing and Prince of Ancheng; his son Fu Chong was made Vice Director on the left and Prince of Dongping.
25
燕主垂自黎陽還中山。
Murong Chui returned from Liyang to Zhongshan.
26
吳深殺燕清河太守丁國，章武人王祖殺太守白欽，勃海人張申據高城以叛； 燕主垂命樂浪王溫討之。
Wu Shen killed Yan's Qinghe administrator Ding Guo; Wang Zu of Zhangwu killed Administrator Bai Qin; Zhang Shen of Bohai seized Gaocheng and rebelled; Murong Chui sent Prince Murong Wen of Lelang against them.
27
苑川王國仁帥騎三萬襲鮮卑大人密貴、裕苟、提倫三部於六泉。 秋，七月，與沒弈干、金熙戰於渴渾川。 沒弈干、金熙大敗，三部皆降。
Prince Qifu Guoren of Yuanchuan led thirty thousand cavalry against the Xianbei chiefs Migui, Yugou, and Tilun at Liuquan. In autumn, the seventh month, he fought Moyigan and Jin Xi on the Kehun River. Moyigan and Jin Xi were routed, and all three tribes submitted.
28
秦主登軍於瓦亭，後秦主萇攻彭沛谷堡，拔之，谷奔杏城。 萇還陰密，以太子興鎮長安。
Fu Deng camped at Wating; Yao Chang of Later Qin took Peng Peigu's fortress; Peigu fled to Xingcheng. Chang returned to Yinmi and left Crown Prince Yao Xing at Chang'an.
29
燕趙王麟討王敏於上谷，斬之。
Prince Murong Lin of Zhao attacked Wang Min in Shanggu and killed him.
30
劉衛辰獻馬於燕，劉顯掠之。 燕主垂怒，遣太原王楷將兵助趙王麟擊顯，大破之。 顯奔馬邑西山，魏王引兵會麟擊顯於彌澤，又破之。 顯奔西密，麟悉收其部眾，獲馬牛羊以千萬數。
Liu Weichen sent horses as tribute to Yan; Liu Xian seized them. Murong Chui, enraged, sent Prince Murong Kai of Taiyuan to help Prince Murong Lin of Zhao; they crushed Xian. Xian fled to the western hills of Mayi; King Tuoba Gui joined Lin at Mize and beat him again. Xian fled to Ximi; Lin took all his followers and livestock by the millions.
31
呂光將彭晃，徐炅攻張大豫於臨洮，破之。 大豫奔廣武，王穆奔建康。 八月，廣武人執大豫送姑臧，斬之。 穆襲據酒泉，自稱大將軍、涼州牧。
Lü Guang's generals Peng Huang and Xu Jiong defeated Zhang Dayu at Lintao. Dayu fled to Guangwu; Wang Mu fled to Jiankang. In the eighth month Guangwu men seized Dayu, sent him to Guzang, and executed him. Mu seized Jiuquan and proclaimed himself Grand General and Governor of Liang.
32
辛巳，立皇子德宗為太子，大赦。
On xinsi the court made Prince Dezong crown prince and declared a general amnesty.
33
燕主垂立劉顯弟可泥為烏桓王，以撫其眾，徙八千餘落於中山。
Murong Chui made Liu Xian's brother Keni Wuhuan king to pacify his people and moved more than eight thousand households to Zhongshan.
34
秦馮翊太守蘭櫝帥眾二萬自頻陽入和寧，與魯王纂謀攻長安。 纂弟師奴勸纂稱尊號，纂不從。 師奴殺纂而代之，櫝遂與師奴絕。 西燕主永攻櫝，櫝遣使請救於後秦。 後秦主萇欲自救之，尚書令姚旻，左僕射尹緯曰：「苻登近在瓦亭，將乘虛襲吾後。」 萇曰； 「苻登眾盛，非旦夕可制； 登遲重少決，必不能輕軍深入。 比兩月間，吾必破賊而返，登雖至，無能為也。」 九月，萇軍於泥源。 師奴逆戰，大敗，亡奔鮮卑。 後秦盡收其眾，屠各董成等皆降。
Lan Han, Qin administrator of Fenyang, led twenty thousand men from Pinyang into He'ning to join Prince Fu Zuan of Lu in an attack on Chang'an. Zuan's brother Shinu urged him to proclaim himself emperor; Zuan refused. Shinu killed Zuan and seized his place; Lan Han then broke with Shinu. Western Yan ruler Murong Yong attacked Lan Han, who asked Later Qin for help. Yao Chang meant to go in person. Director Yao Min and Vice Director Yin Wei said, "Fu Deng is at Wating and will strike our rear while we are away." Chang said: "Deng's army is large and cannot be crushed overnight; Deng is slow and hesitant and will not march deep with a light force. In two months I will break the enemy and return; even if Deng comes, he can do nothing." In the ninth month Chang camped at Niyuan. Shinu fought him, was routed, and fled to the Xianbei. Later Qin took all his troops; Dong Cheng of the Tuge and others submitted.
35
秦主登進據胡空堡，戎、夏歸之者十餘萬。
Fu Deng took Hukong Fortress; more than a hundred thousand tribal followers joined him.
36
冬，十月，翟遼復叛燕，遣兵與王祖、張申寇抄清河、平原。
In winter, the tenth month, Zhai Liao rebelled again and sent troops with Wang Zu and Zhang Shen to raid Qinghe and Pingyuan.
37
後秦主萇進擊西燕主永於河西，永走。 蘭櫝復列兵拒守，萇攻之，十二月，禽櫝，遂如杏城。
Yao Chang attacked Murong Yong of Western Yan west of the river; Yong fled. Lan Han rallied to resist; Chang attacked, and in the twelfth month captured him and marched on to Xingcheng.
38
後泰姚方成攻秦雍州刺史徐嵩壘，拔之，執嵩而數之。 嵩罵曰：「汝姚萇罪當萬死，苻黃眉欲斬之，先帝止之。 授任內外，榮寵極矣。 曾不如犬馬識所養之恩，親為大逆。 汝羌輩豈可以人理期也！ 何不速殺我，早見先帝取姚萇於地下治之！」 方成怒，三斬嵩，悉坑其士卒，以妻子賞軍。 後秦主萇掘秦主堅屍，鞭撻無數，剝衣裸形，薦之以棘，坎土而埋之。
Later Qin's Yao Fangcheng took the fortress of Qin Yong governor Xu Song, seized him, and rebuked him. Song cursed him: "You, Yao Chang, deserve death ten thousand times over. Fu Huangmei wanted you beheaded, but the late emperor spared you. He gave you office at court and in the field—honor beyond measure. You were less grateful than a dog or horse that knows its master's care, and you rebelled with your own hands. What human decency can one expect from you Qiang! Kill me now, so I may see the late emperor drag Yao Chang below to answer for this! Fangcheng hacked him three times in rage, buried all his men alive, and gave their families to the troops as booty. Yao Chang dug up Fu Jian's corpse, flogged it endlessly, stripped it bare, laid it on thorns, and buried it in a shallow pit.
39
涼州大饑，米斗直錢五百，人相食，死者太半。
Liang suffered famine; grain cost five hundred cash per dou; people ate one another, and more than half the population died.
40
呂光西平太守康寧自稱匈奴王，殺河湟太守強禧以叛。 張掖太守彭晃亦叛，東結康寧，西通王穆。 光欲自擊晃，諸將皆曰：「今康寧在南，伺釁而動。 若晃、穆未誅，康寧復至，進退狼狽，勢必大危。」 光曰：「實如卿言。 然我今不往，是坐待其來也。 若三寇連兵，東西交至，則城外皆非吾有，大事去矣。 今晃初叛，與寧、穆情契未密，出其倉猝，取之差易耳。」 乃自帥騎三萬，倍道兼行。 既至，攻之二旬，拔其城，誅晃。
Kang Ning, Lü Guang's Xiping administrator, proclaimed himself Xiongnu king, killed Hehuang administrator Qiang Xi, and rebelled. Zhangye administrator Peng Huang rebelled too, allying east with Kang Ning and west with Wang Mu. Guang wanted to attack Huang himself; his generals said, "Kang Ning is in the south, waiting for an opening. If Huang and Mu are not dealt with before Ning strikes, we will be caught between enemies and in grave danger." Guang said, "You are right. But if I stay here, I am only waiting for them to come. If all three unite and hit us from east and west, everything beyond the walls is lost and the cause is finished. Huang has only just rebelled; his ties with Ning and Mu are not firm yet—strike suddenly and he will be easy to take." He led thirty thousand cavalry by forced march. He besieged twenty days, took the city, and executed Huang.
41
初，王穆起兵，遣使招敦煌處士郭瑀，運粟三萬石以餉之。 穆以瑀為太府左長史、軍師將軍，嘏為敦煌太守。 既而穆聽讒言，引兵攻嘏，瑀諫不聽，出城大哭，舉手謝城曰：「吾不復見汝矣！」 還而引被覆面，不與人言，不食而卒。 呂光聞之，曰：「二虜相攻，此成擒也，不可以憚屢戰之勞而失永逸之機也。」 遂帥步騎二萬攻酒泉，克之，進屯涼興； 穆引兵東還，未至，眾潰，穆單騎走，騂馬令郭文斬其首送之。
When Wang Mu first rose, he summoned the recluse Guo Yu of Dunhuang and sent thirty thousand shi of grain as support. Mu made Yu Grand Treasury chief clerk on the left and staff general, and Jia administrator of Dunhuang. Then Mu believed slander and attacked Jia; Yu protested in vain, went outside the walls, wept, and raised his hands to the city: "I shall not see you again! He returned, covered his face, spoke to no one, refused food, and died. Lü Guang said, "The two rebels are fighting each other—we can take them both. We must not shrink from battle and miss a lasting victory." He led twenty thousand troops against Jiuquan, took it, and camped at Liangxing; Mu marched east, but his army collapsed before he arrived; he fled alone, and Xingma magistrate Guo Wen beheaded him and sent the head to Guang.
42
列宗孝武皇帝中之下太元十三年（ 戊子，公元三八八年）
From the middle and latter part of Emperor Xiaowu's reign, the thirteenth year of the Taiyuan era ( wuzi, corresponding to 388 CE).
43
春，正月，康樂獻武公謝玄卒。
In spring, the first month, Xie Xuan, Duke of Kangle, died.
44
二月，秦主登軍朝那，後秦主萇軍武都。
In the second month Fu Deng camped at Chaona and Yao Chang at Wudu.
45
翟遼遣司馬眭瓊詣燕謝罪； 燕主垂以其數反覆，斬瓊以絕之。 遼乃自稱魏天王，改元建光，置百官。
Zhai Liao sent Major Sui Qiong to Yan to apologize; Murong Chui, weary of his repeated betrayals, beheaded Qiong to cut ties. Liao then proclaimed himself Heavenly King of Wei, adopted the era name Jianguang, and set up a full court.
46
燕青州刺史陳留王紹為平原太守辟閭渾所逼，退屯黃巾固。 燕主垂更以紹為徐州刺史。 渾，蔚之子也。 因苻氏亂，據齊地來降。
Yan's Qing inspector Prince Murong Shao of Chenliu was driven by Pingyuan administrator Bi Lü Hun to withdraw to Huangjin Fort. Murong Chui reassigned Shao as Inspector of Xu. Hun was Bi Wei's son. He had seized Qi during the Fu clan's collapse and then submitted to Yan.
47
三月，乙亥，燕主垂以太子寶錄尚書事，授之以政，自總大綱而已。
In the third month, on yihai, Murong Chui put Crown Prince Bao in charge of the Masters of Writing, handed him the administration, and kept only the broad direction himself.
48
燕趙麟擊許謙，破之，謙奔西燕。 遂廢代郡，悉徙其民於龍城。
Murong Lin of Yan defeated Xu Qian, who fled to Western Yan. He abolished Dai commandery and moved all its people to Longcheng.
49
呂光之定涼州也，杜進功居多。 光以為武威太守，貴寵用事，群僚莫及。 光甥石聰自關中來，光問之曰：「中州人言我為政何如？」 聰曰：「但聞有杜進耳，不聞有舅。」 光由是忌進而殺之。
When Lü Guang pacified Liang, Du Jin had done the most. Guang made him Wuwei administrator; favored above all, he dominated the court. Guang's nephew Shi Cong came from Guanzhong; Guang asked, "What do people in the central provinces say of my rule? Cong said, "They speak only of Du Jin—not of an uncle." Guang, jealous, killed him.
50
光與群寮宴，語及政事，參軍京兆段業曰：「明公用法太峻。」 光曰：「吳起無恩而楚強，商殃嚴刑而秦興。」 業曰：「起喪其身，鞅亡其家，皆殘酷之致也。 明公方開建大業，景行堯、舜，猶懼不濟，乃慕起、鞅之為治，豈此州士女所望哉？」 光改容謝之。
At a banquet Guang spoke of government; staff officer Duan Ye of Jingzhao said, "My lord's laws are too harsh." Guang said, "Wu Qi was ruthless yet Chu grew strong; Shang Yang was severe yet Qin rose." Ye said, "Qi died for it; Yang's house was destroyed—both paid for cruelty. You are founding a great enterprise and mean to follow Yao and Shun, yet still fear failure—and you admire Qi and Yang? Is that what the people of this province want?" Guang changed expression and apologized.
51
夏，四月，戊午，以朱序為都督司、雍、梁、秦四州諸軍事、雍州刺史，戍洛陽。 以譙王恬代為都督兗、冀、幽、并諸軍事、青、兗二州刺史。
In summer, on the fourth month's wuwu day, Zhu Xu was made commander of Si, Yong, Liang, and Qin and Governor of Yong, posted at Luoyang. Prince Sima Tian of Qiao replaced him as commander of Yan, Ji, You, and Bing and Inspector of Qing and Yan.
52
苑川王國仁破鮮卑越質叱黎於平襄，獲其子詰歸。
Prince Qifu Guoren of Yuanchuan defeated the Xianbei Yuezhi Chili at Pingxiang and captured his son Jiegui.
53
丁亥，燕主垂立夫人段氏為皇后，以太子寶領大單于。 段氏，右光祿大夫儀之女； 其妹適范陽王德。 儀，寶之舅也。 追謚前妃段氏為成昭皇后。
On dinghai Murong Chui made Lady Duan empress and put Crown Prince Bao in charge as Grand Chanyu. Lady Duan was the daughter of Right Grand Master Murong Yi; her sister was married to Prince Murong De of Fanyang. Yi was Bao's uncle on his mother's side. The late consort Lady Duan was posthumously titled Empress Chengzhao.
54
五月，秦太弟懿卒，謚曰獻哀。
In the fifth month Qin Grand Younger Brother Fu Yi died; he was posthumously titled Xian'ai.
55
翟遼徙屯滑台。
Zhai Liao moved his camp to Huatai.
56
六月，苑川王乞伏國仁卒，謚曰宣烈，廟號烈祖。 其子公府尚幼，群下推國仁弟乾歸為大都督、大將軍、大單于、河南王，大赦，改元太初。
In the sixth month Prince Qifu Guoren of Yuanchuan died; he was posthumously titled Xuanlie, with the temple name Liezu. His son Gongfu was still a child, so the court raised Guoren's younger brother Qifu Qian'gui to Great Governor-General, Grand General, Grand Chanyu, and Prince of Henan, declared a general amnesty, and adopted the era name Taichu.
57
魏王珪破庫莫奚於弱落水南。 秋，七月，庫莫奚復襲魏營，珪又破之。 庫莫奚者，本屬宇文部，與契丹同類而異種，其先皆為燕王皝所破，徙居松漠之間。
King Tuoba Gui of Wei defeated the Kumo Xi south of the Ruoshui River. In autumn, the seventh month, the Kumo Xi raided the Wei camp again; Gui routed them a second time. The Kumo Xi had originally been part of the Yuwen tribe—kin to the Khitan but a separate people. Their ancestors had all been broken by Murong Huang of Yan and resettled in the pine deserts.
58
秦、後秦自春相持，屢戰，互有勝負，至是各解歸。 關西豪傑以後秦久無成功，多去而附秦。
Former Qin and Later Qin had been locked in stalemate since spring, clashing again and again with no clear winner; now each army went home. Seeing that Later Qin had accomplished little for so long, many western Guan leaders deserted it for Former Qin.
59
河南王乾歸立其妻邊氏為王后； 置百官，仿漢制，以南川侯出連乞都為丞相，梁州刺史悌眷為御史大夫，金城邊芮為左長史，東秦州刺史秘宜為右長史，武始翟勍為左司馬，略陽王松壽為主簿，從弟軻彈為梁州牧，弟益州為秦州牧，屈眷為河州牧。
Prince Qifu Qian'gui of Henan made his wife Lady Bian queen; he set up a full bureaucracy on the Han model, appointing Marquis Chulian Qidu of Southern Chuan Chancellor; Tipan, Inspector of Liang, Grand Censor; Bian Rui of Jincheng, Left Chief Clerk; Miyi, Inspector of Eastern Qin, Right Chief Clerk; Zhai Jing of Wushi, Left Major; Prince Songshou of Lueyang, Registrar; his cousin Ke Dan, Governor of Liang; his brother Yizhou, Governor of Qin; and Qujuan, Governor of He.
60
八月，秦主登立子崇為皇太子，弁為南安王，尚為北海王。
In the eighth month Former Qin ruler Fu Deng made his son Chong crown prince, Fu Bian Prince of Nan'an, and Fu Shang Prince of Beihai.
61
燕護軍將軍平幼會章武王宙討吳深，破之，深走保繹幕。
Yan Protector-General Ping You and Prince Murong Zhou of Zhangwu attacked Wu Shen, routed him, and Shen fled to hold Yimuo.
62
魏王珪密有圖燕之志，遣九原公儀奉使至中山，燕主垂詰之曰：「魏王何以不自來？」 儀曰：「先王與燕並事晉室，世為兄弟，臣今奉使，於理未失。」 垂曰：「吾今威加四海，豈得以昔日為比！」 儀曰：「燕若不修德禮，欲以兵威自強，此乃將帥之事，非使臣所知也。」 儀還，言於珪曰； 「燕主衰老，太子闇弱，范陽王自負材氣； 非少主臣也。 燕主既沒，內難必作，於明乃可圖也，今則未可。」 珪善之。 儀，珪母弟翰之子也。
King Tuoba Gui of Wei secretly planned against Yan and sent Duke Tuoba Yi of Jiuyuan as envoy to Zhongshan. Murong Chui, lord of Yan, demanded, "Why doesn't the Wei king come in person?" Yi replied, "The late king and Yan both served the Jin court as brothers generation after generation. I come as envoy—nothing improper in that." Chui said, "My power now spans the four seas—how can you compare that with the old days!" Yi said, "If Yan neglects virtue and ceremony and tries to grow strong by force of arms, that is generals' business—not mine as envoy." On his return Yi told Gui: "The Yan ruler is old; the crown prince is dull and weak; Prince Murong De of Fanyang is proud of his ability; they will not serve a young master for long. Once the Yan ruler is gone, civil strife will surely break out—then we can move against them; not yet." Gui thought well of this advice. Yi was the son of Han, Tuoba Gui's uncle on his mother's side.
63
九月，河南王乾歸遷都金城。
In the ninth month Prince Qifu Qian'gui of Henan moved his capital to Jincheng.
64
張申攻廣平，王祖攻樂陵； 壬午，燕高陽王隆將兵討之。
Zhang Shen attacked Guangping and Wang Zu attacked Leling; On renwu Prince Murong Long of Gaoyang marched against them.
65
冬，十月，後秦主萇還安定。 秦主登就食新平，帥眾萬餘圍萇營，四面大哭； 萇命營中哭以應之，登乃退。
In winter, the tenth month, Later Qin ruler Yao Chang returned to Anding. Former Qin ruler Fu Deng foraged at Xinping and led more than ten thousand men to surround Yao Chang's camp, wailing on all four sides; Chang ordered his camp to wail back, and Deng pulled away.
66
十二月，庚子，尚書令南康襄公謝石卒。
In the twelfth month, on gengzi, Xie Shi, Director of the Masters of Writing and Duke Xiang of Nankang, died.
67
燕太原王楷、趙王麟將兵會高陽王隆於合口，以擊張申； 王祖帥諸壘共救之，夜犯燕軍，燕人逆擊走之。 隆欲追之，楷、麟曰：「王祖老賊，或詐走而設伏，不如俟明。」 隆曰：「此白地群盜，烏合而來，徼幸一決，非素有約束，能壹其進退也。 今失利而去，眾莫為用； 乘勢追之，不過數里，可盡禽也。 申之所恃，惟在於祖，祖破，則申降矣。」 乃留楷、麟守申壘，隆與平幼分道擊之，比明，大獲而還，懸所獲之首以示申。 甲寅，申出降，祖亦歸罪。
Prince Murong Kai of Taiyuan and Prince Murong Lin of Zhao led troops to join Prince Murong Long of Gaoyang at Hekou and attack Zhang Shen; Wang Zu led every nearby fort to the rescue, struck the Yan army by night, and the Yan troops met them and beat them back. Long wanted to pursue; Kai and Lin said, "Wang Zu is an old fox—he may be faking retreat to set an ambush. Better wait for dawn." Long said, "These are plain-field bandits cobbled together for one lucky throw. They aren't a disciplined force that can move as one. Now that they've lost and run, no one will obey them; press the chase and within a few li we can take them all. Shen's only support is Zu; break Zu and Shen will yield." He left Kai and Lin to hold Shen's fort while Long and Ping You split up to attack; by dawn they returned in triumph and hung the heads they had taken for Shen to see. On jiayin Shen came out and surrendered; Zu submitted as well.
68
秦以穎川王同成為太尉。
Former Qin made Prince Fu Tongcheng of Yingchuan Grand Commandant.
69
列宗孝武皇帝中之下太元十四年（ 己丑，公元三八九年）
From the middle and latter part of Emperor Xiaowu's reign, the fourteenth year of the Taiyuan era ( jichou, corresponding to 389 CE).
70
春，正月，燕以陽平王柔鎮襄國。 遼西王農在龍城五年，庶務修舉，乃上表曰：「臣頃因征即鎮，所統將士安逸積年，青、徐、荊、雍遺寇尚繁，願時代還，展竭微效，生無餘力，沒無遺恨，臣之志也。」 庚申，燕主垂召農為侍中、司隸校尉。 以高陽王隆為都督幽、平二州諸軍事、征北大將軍、幽州牧，建留台於龍城，以隆錄留台尚書事。 又以護軍將軍平幼為征北長史，散騎常侍封孚為司馬，並兼留台尚書。 隆因農舊規，修而廣之，遼、碣由是遂安。
In spring, the first month, Yan posted Prince Murong Rou of Yangping at Xiangguo. Prince Murong Nong of Liaoxi had governed Longcheng for five years and kept affairs in good order. He memorialized the throne: "Your servant took this post on campaign and has held the frontier while my troops rested for years. Raiders still trouble Qing, Xu, Jing, and Yong—I ask to rotate home in turn, spend what strength I have left, live without reserve, and die without regret. That is my wish." On gengshen Murong Chui recalled Nong as Attendant-in-Ordinary and Colonel-Director of Retainers. He made Prince Murong Long of Gaoyang commander of You and Ping, Grand General Who Conquers the North, and Governor of You; set up a rear headquarters at Longcheng and put Long in charge of its Masters of Writing. He also made Protector-General Ping You chief clerk of the northern expedition, Regular Attendant Feng Fu major, both additionally Masters of Writing at the rear headquarters. Long took Nong's old rules, repaired and expanded them, and Liaodong and Jieshi were thereby settled.
71
後秦主萇以秦戰屢勝，謂得秦王堅之神助，亦於軍中立堅像而禱之曰：「臣史襄敕臣復仇，新平之禍，臣行襄之命，非臣罪也。 苻登，陛下疏屬，猶欲復仇，況臣敢忘其兄乎？ 且陛下命臣以龍驤建業，臣敢違之？ 今為陛下立像，陛下勿追計臣過也。」 秦主登升樓，遙謂萇曰：「為臣弒君，而立像求福，庸有益乎？」 因大呼曰：「弒君賊姚萇何不自出？ 吾與汝決之！」 萇不應。 久之，以戰未有利，軍中每夜數驚，乃斬像首以送秦。
Later Qin ruler Yao Chang, seeing Former Qin win battle after battle, believed he had the divine aid of King Fu Jian of Former Qin. He too set up an image of Jian in camp and prayed: "Shi Xiang ordered me to take revenge. The disaster at Xinping—I carried out Xiang's command, not my own crime. Fu Deng, Your Majesty's distant kinsman, still seeks revenge—how could I forget my own elder brother? And Your Majesty charged me with the Dragon-Soaring command to build the realm—how could I refuse? I set up this image for Your Majesty now; pray do not hold my faults against me." Former Qin ruler Fu Deng climbed a tower and shouted across to Chang: "You murdered your sovereign as a subject, then set up an image to beg for blessing—what good can that do?" Then he cried, "Regicide Yao Chang—why don't you come out yourself? I'll settle this with you!" Chang made no reply. After a while, with no victory in sight and the camp shaken by nightly alarms, he cut off the image's head and sent it to Former Qin.
72
秦主登以河南王乾歸為大將軍、大單于、金城王。
Former Qin ruler Fu Deng made Prince Qifu Qian'gui of Henan Grand General, Grand Chanyu, and Prince of Jincheng.
73
甲寅，魏王珪襲高車，破之。
On jiayin King Tuoba Gui of Wei raided the Gaoche and routed them.
74
二月，品光自稱三河王，大赦，改元麟嘉，置百官。 光妻石氏、子紹、弟德世自仇池來至姑臧，光立石氏為妃，紹為世子。
In the second month Lü Guang declared himself Prince of Three Rivers, proclaimed a general amnesty, adopted the era name Linjia, and set up a full bureaucracy. Guang's wife Lady Shi, his son Shao, and his brother Deshi came from Chouci to Guzang; he made Lady Shi consort and Shao heir apparent.
75
癸巳，魏王珪擊吐突鄰部於女水，大破之，盡徙其部落而還。
On guisi King Tuoba Gui of Wei attacked the Tutu Lin tribe at the Nu River, crushed them, moved the whole tribe, and returned.
76
秦主登留輜重於大界，自將輕騎萬餘攻安定羌密造保，克之。
Former Qin ruler Fu Deng left his baggage at Dajie and personally led more than ten thousand light cavalry to attack the Qiang stronghold of Mizao in Anding and took it.
77
夏，四月，翟遼寇滎陽，執太守張卓。
In summer, the fourth month, Zhai Liao raided Xingyang and captured Administrator Zhang Zhuo.
78
燕以長樂公盛鎮薊城，修繕舊宮。 五月，清河民孔金斬吳深，送首中山。
Yan posted Duke Murong Sheng of Changle at Jicheng and restored the old palace. In the fifth month Kong Jin of Qinghe beheaded Wu Shen and sent his head to Zhongshan.
79
金城王乾歸擊侯年部，大破之。 於是秦、涼、鮮卑、羌、胡多附乾歸，乾歸悉授以官爵。
Prince Qifu Qian'gui of Jincheng attacked the Hounian tribe and routed them. Thereafter many leaders from Qin, Liang, the Xianbei, Qiang, and other tribes submitted to Qian'gui, and he invested them all with offices and titles.
80
後秦主萇與秦主登戰，數敗，乃遣中軍將軍姚崇襲大界。 登邀擊之於安丘，又敗之。
Later Qin ruler Yao Chang fought Former Qin ruler Fu Deng, lost again and again, and sent Central Army General Yao Chong to raid Dajie. Deng intercepted him at Anqiu and beat him again.
81
燕范陽王德、趙王麟擊賀訥，追奔至勿根山，訥窮迫請降，徙上之上谷，質其弟染干於中山。
Prince Murong De of Fanyang and Prince Murong Lin of Zhao attacked He Na and chased the rout to Wugen Mountain; cornered, Na begged to surrender. His tribe was relocated to Shanggu, and his younger brother Ran'gan was held hostage at Zhongshan.
82
秋，七月，以驃騎長史王忱為荊州刺史、都督荊、益、寧三州諸軍。 忱，國寶之弟也。
In autumn, the seventh month, Wang Chen was made Inspector of Jing and commander of Jing, Yi, and Ning. Chen was the younger brother of Wang Guobao.
83
秦主登攻後秦右將軍吳忠等於平涼，克之。 八月，登據苟頭原以逼安定。 諸將勸後秦主萇決戰，萇曰：「與窮寇競勝，兵家之忌也，吾將以計取之。」 乃留尚書令姚旻守安定，夜，帥騎三萬襲秦輜重於大界，克之，殺毛后及南安王弁、北海王尚，擒名將數十人，驅掠男女五萬餘口而還。 毛氏美而勇，善騎射。 後秦兵入其營，毛氏猶彎弓跨馬，帥壯士數百力戰，殺七百餘人。 眾寡不敵，為後秦所執。 萇將納之，毛氏罵且哭曰：「姚萇，汝先已殺天子，今又欲辱皇后。 皇天后土，寧汝容乎？」 萇殺之。 諸將欲因秦軍駭亂擊之，萇曰：「登眾雖亂，怒氣猶盛，未可輕也。」 遂止。 登收餘眾屯胡空堡。 萇使姚碩德鎮安定，徙安定千餘家於陰密，遣其弟征南將軍靖鎮之。
Former Qin ruler Fu Deng attacked Later Qin Right General Wu Zhong and others at Pingliang and took it. In the eighth month Deng seized Gutou Plain to press Anding. The generals urged Later Qin ruler Yao Chang to fight a decisive battle; Chang said, "Fighting cornered enemies for a quick win is what strategists warn against—I will take them by stratagem." He left Director Yao Min to hold Anding; by night he led thirty thousand cavalry to raid Former Qin's baggage train at Dajie, took it, killed Empress Mao and Princes Fu Bian of Nan'an and Fu Shang of Beihai, captured dozens of noted generals, and drove off more than fifty thousand captives before returning. Lady Mao was beautiful and fierce, skilled in mounted archery. When Later Qin troops broke into her camp, Lady Mao still strung her bow, mounted her horse, and led several hundred warriors in a fierce fight, killing more than seven hundred. Outnumbered, she was captured by Later Qin. Chang meant to take her as consort; Lady Mao cursed and wept: "Yao Chang—you already killed the Son of Heaven, and now you would dishonor the empress? Would Heaven and Earth tolerate you?" Chang had her killed. The generals wanted to strike while Former Qin's army was in chaos; Chang said, "Deng's troops may be disordered, but their fury is still fierce—not to be taken lightly." He held them back. Deng gathered his remnants and encamped at Hukong Fortress. Chang posted Yao Shuode at Anding, moved more than a thousand Anding households to Yinmi, and sent his younger brother Southern Expedition General Yao Jing to garrison the place.
84
九月，庚午，以左僕射陸納為尚書令。
In the ninth month, on gengwu, Left Vice Director Lu Na was made Director of the Masters of Writing.
85
秦主登之東也，後秦主萇使姚碩德置秦州守宰，以從弟常戍隴城，邢奴戍冀城，姚詳戍略陽。 楊定攻隴、冀，克之，斬常，執邢奴，詳棄略陽，奔陰密。 定自稱秦州牧、隴西王，秦因其所稱而授之。
When Former Qin ruler Fu Deng marched east, Later Qin ruler Yao Chang had Yao Shuode appoint Qinzhou garrisons and magistrates, posting his cousin Yao Chang at Longcheng, Xingnu at Jicheng, and Yao Xiang at Lueyang. Yang Ding attacked Longcheng and Jicheng, took them, killed Yao Chang, captured Xingnu; Yao Xiang abandoned Lueyang and fled to Yinmi. Ding declared himself Governor of Qin and Prince of Longxi; Former Qin ratified the titles he had assumed.
86
冬，十月，秦主登以竇沖為大司馬、都督隴東諸軍事、雍州牧，楊定為左丞相、都督中外諸軍事、秦、梁二州牧，楊壁為都督隴右諸軍事，南秦、益二州牧，約與共攻後秦； 又約監河西諸軍事、并州刺史楊政、都督河東諸軍事、冀州刺史楊楷各其眾會長安。 政、楷皆河東人。 秦主丕既敗，政、楷收集流民數萬戶，政據河西，楷據湖、陝之間，遣使請命於秦，登因而授之。
In winter, the tenth month, Former Qin ruler Fu Deng made Dou Chong Grand Commandant, commander of the armies east of Long, and Governor of Yong; Yang Ding Left Chancellor, commander of all armies at home and abroad, and Governor of Qin and Liang; Yang Bi commander of the armies west of Long and Governor of Southern Qin and Yi; and pledged with them to attack Later Qin together; He also called on Yang Zheng, overseer of military affairs west of the river and Governor of Bing, and Yang Kai, commander of military affairs east of the river and Inspector of Ji, each to bring his forces to Chang'an. Zheng and Kai were both men of Hedong. After Former Qin ruler Fu Pi was defeated, Zheng and Kai gathered tens of thousands of refugee households; Zheng held the west of the river, Kai held the ground between Hu and Shan. They sent envoys to seek appointment from Former Qin, and Deng invested them.
87
燕樂浪悼王溫為冀州刺史，翟遼遣丁零故堤詐降於溫，為溫帳下，乙酉，刺溫，殺之，並其長史司馬驅，帥守兵二百戶奔西燕。 遼西王農邀擊於襄國，盡獲之，惟堤走免。
Prince Murong Wen of Lelang was Inspector of Ji; Zhai Liao sent the Dingling turncoat Gudi to feign surrender and serve in Wen's retinue. On yiyou Gudi stabbed Wen, killed him, and killed his chief clerk Sima Qu as well; then led two hundred garrison households in flight to Western Yan. Prince Murong Nong of Liaoxi intercepted them at Xiangguo and captured them all; only Gudi got away.
88
十一月，枹罕羌彭奚念附於乞伏乾歸，以奚念為北河州刺史。
In the eleventh month the Fuhan Qiang leader Peng Xinian submitted to Qifu Qian'gui, who made him Governor of Northern He.
89
初，帝既親政事，威權己出，有人主之量。 已而溺於酒色，委事於琅邪王道子。 道子亦嗜酒，日夕與帝以酣歌為事。 又崇尚浮屠，窮奢極費，所親暱者皆□甘姆、僧尼。 左右近習，爭弄權柄，交通請托，賄賂公行，官賞濫雜，刑獄謬亂。 尚書令陸納望宮闕歎曰：「好家居，纖兒欲撞壞之邪？」 左衛領營將軍會稽許營上疏曰：「今台府局吏、直衛武官及僕隸婢兒取母之姓者，本無鄉邑品第，皆得為郡守縣令，或帶職在內，及僧尼乳母，競進親黨，又受貨賂； 輒臨官領眾，政教不均，暴濫無罪，禁令不明，劫盜公行。 昔年下書敕群下盡規，而眾議兼集，無所採用。 臣聞佛者清遠玄虛之神，今僧尼往往依傍法服，五誡粗法尚不能遵，況精妙乎？ 而流惑之徒，競加敬事，又侵漁百姓，取材為惠，亦未合佈施之道也。」 疏奏，不省。
At first, once the emperor took government into his own hands, power rested with him and he showed the makings of a true sovereign. Before long he drowned in wine and women and handed affairs over to Prince Sima Daozi of Langya. Daozi also loved wine and spent day and night with the emperor in drunken revelry. They also embraced Buddhism, spent extravagantly, and those they kept close were courtesans, wet nurses, and Buddhist monks and nuns. Those around the throne vied for power, traded favors and patronage, bribery ran rampant, offices and punishments were handed out without restraint, and the courts were in chaos. Director of the Masters of Writing Lu Na gazed at the palace gates and sighed, "What a fine house — and this weakling means to wreck it?" Left Guard Commanding Camp General Xu Ying of Kuaiji submitted a memorial: "Today central-administration clerks, palace-guard officers, and servants and slave-girls who bear their mothers' surnames — men with no pedigree or native rank — are made prefects and magistrates, or hold posts inside the palace. Monks, nuns, and wet nurses all push forward their relatives and take bribes as well; They take office and command troops, yet govern unevenly, abuse the innocent, enforce no clear law, and leave robbery and banditry to flourish in the open. In years past the throne ordered all officials to speak freely, yet though advice poured in from every side, none of it was heeded. I have heard that the Buddha is a spirit of purity and distant mystery, yet monks and nuns today wear the robes while failing even to keep the five precepts and the most basic rules — to say nothing of the deeper teaching. Yet the deluded public vies to honor them, while they prey on the people and take from others to give as favors — a practice that falls far short of true charity." The memorial was submitted, but the emperor paid it no heed.
90
道子勢傾內外，遠近奔湊。 帝漸不平，然猶外加優崇。 侍中王國寶以讒佞有寵於道子，扇動朝眾，諷八座啟道子宜進位丞相、揚州牧，假黃鉞，加殊禮。 護軍將軍南平車胤曰：「此乃成王所以尊周公也。 今主上當陽，非成王之比。 相王在位，豈得為周公乎？」 乃稱疾不署。 疏奏，帝大怒，而嘉胤有守。
Daozi's power overshadowed court and realm alike, and men from near and far flocked to his side. The emperor grew increasingly uneasy, yet still treated Daozi with outward favor and high honor. Palace Attendant Wang Guobao, a slanderer and flatterer favored by Daozi, stirred the court and prompted the Eight Ministers to recommend that Daozi be made Chancellor and Governor of Yangzhou, granted the yellow battle-axe, and accorded extraordinary honors. Protector-General Che Yin of Nanping said, "That was how King Cheng honored the Duke of Zhou. Our sovereign today sits firmly on the throne — he is no child-king like Cheng. The Prince Regent already holds power — how can he be treated as another Duke of Zhou?" He then pleaded illness and refused to sign the memorial. When the memorial was submitted, the emperor flew into a rage — yet he admired Yin for standing firm.
91
中書侍郎范寧、徐邈為帝所親信，數進忠言，補正闕失，指斥奸黨。 王國寶，寧之甥也。 寧尤疾其阿諛，勸帝黜之。 陳郡袁悅之有寵於道子，國寶使悅之因尼克妙音致書於太子母陳淑媛云：「國寶忠謹，宜見親信。」 帝知之，發怒，托以他事斬悅之。 國寶大懼，與道子共譖范寧出為豫章太守。 寧臨發，上疏言：「今邊烽不舉而倉庫空匱。 古者使民歲不過三日，今之勞擾，殆無三日之休。 至有生兒不復舉養，鰥寡不敢嫁娶。 臣恐社稷之憂，厝火積薪，不足喻也。」 寧又上言：「中原士民流寓江左，歲月漸久，人安其業。 凡天下之人，原其先祖，皆隨世適移，何至於今而獨不可？ 謂宜正其封疆，戶口皆以土斷。 又，人性無涯，奢儉由勢； 今並廉之室，亦多不贍，非其財力不足，蓋由用之無節，爭以靡麗相高，無有亦限極故也。 禮十九為長殤，以其未成人也。 今以十六為全丁，十三為半丁，所任非復童幼之事，豈不傷天理、困百姓乎？ 謂宜以二十為全丁，十六為半丁，則人無夭折，生長繁滋矣。」 帝多納用之。
Secretaries Fan Ning and Xu Miao enjoyed the emperor's trust; they repeatedly offered loyal counsel, corrected government failings, and denounced the corrupt faction. Wang Guobao was Fan Ning's nephew. Ning especially despised his flattery and urged the emperor to remove him from office. Yuan Yuezhi of Chen Commandery was a favorite of Daozi; Guobao had Yuezhi send a letter through Nun Zhi Miaoyin to the crown prince's mother, Lady Chen Shu, saying, "Guobao is loyal and conscientious and deserves the emperor's trust." When the emperor learned of it, he was furious and had Yuezhi executed on a pretext. Guobao was terrified; he and Daozi joined in slandering Fan Ning until the emperor posted him as Administrator of Yuzhang. As Ning prepared to leave, he submitted a memorial: "The frontier is quiet, yet the storehouses stand empty. In antiquity corvée labor took no more than three days a year; today the people are worked and harassed until they scarcely know three days' rest. Some now bear children they will not raise, and widows and widowers dare not remarry. I fear the peril to the state is worse than fire heaped on kindling — and even that image falls short." Ning submitted another memorial: "The gentry and common people of the Central Plains who fled south of the Yangzi have lived there for years and settled into their livelihoods. Tracing any family's ancestors, all people have moved with the times and settled where they went — why should our age alone be the exception? I hold that their jurisdictions should be fixed and all households registered according to where they actually live. Moreover, human wants know no limit; whether people live lavishly or frugally depends on the example set around them; today even households known for integrity often cannot make ends meet — not from lack of means, but because spending has no restraint, everyone vies in luxury, and there is no limit to the competition. Ritual treats nineteen as a long untimely death, because the person is not yet fully grown. Today sixteen counts as a full laborer and thirteen as a half laborer, and the duties assigned are no longer fit for children — does this not violate natural justice and crush the people? I hold that twenty should count as a full laborer and sixteen as a half laborer; then fewer would die young and the population would grow and flourish." The emperor largely accepted and adopted his recommendations.
92
寧在豫章，遣十五議曹下屬城，采求風政，並吏假還，訊問官長得失。 徐邈與寧書曰：「足下聽斷有允，庶事無滯，則吏慎其負，而人聽不惑矣，豈須邑至裡詣，飾其游聲哉！ 非徒不足致益，乃實蠶漁之所資，豈有善人群子而干非其事，多所告白者乎！ 自古以來，欲為左右耳目者，無非小人，皆先因小忠而成其大不忠，先藉小信而成其大不信，遂使讒謅並進，善惡倒置，可不戒哉？ 足下慎選綱紀，必得國土以攝諸曹，諸曹皆得良吏以掌文按，又擇公方之人以為監司，則清濁能否，與事而明，足下但平心處之，何取於耳目哉？ 昔明德馬後未嘗顧左右與言，可謂遠識，況大丈夫而不能免此乎！」
While Ning was at Yuzhang, he sent fifteen review clerks into the subordinate districts to investigate local customs and governance, and also had clerks on leave return home to inquire into the conduct of local officials. Xu Miao wrote to Ning: "If you decide cases fairly and keep affairs moving, officials will do their duty and the people will not be misled — why must you go from district to village polishing your reputation as you travel! Far from doing any good, it only feeds petty extortion — would a good and upright man meddle in what is not his business and encourage a flood of accusations? From antiquity onward, those who wish to be a ruler's eyes and ears have always been petty men: they begin with small acts of loyalty to achieve great treachery, win small trust to betray it fully, and so slander and flattery advance together while good and evil are reversed — should one not be on guard? Choose your chief officers carefully, put men of real talent in charge of the bureaus, place capable clerks in every office to handle documents and cases, and appoint upright men as inspectors — then merit and corruption, ability and incompetence, will become plain through the work itself. You need only judge with an even hand; what need is there for personal spies? Empress Ma the Illustrious never turned to those at her side for counsel — that was true foresight; surely a man of stature ought to be able to do the same!"
93
十二月，後秦主萇使其東門將軍任盆詐遣使招秦主登，許開門納之。 登將從之，征東將軍雷惡地將兵在外，聞之，馳騎見登，曰：「姚萇多許，不可信也！」 登乃止。 萇聞惡地詣登，謂諸將曰：「此羌見登，事不成矣！」 登以惡地勇略過人，陰憚之。 惡地懼，降於後秦，萇以惡地為鎮軍將軍。
In the twelfth month, Later Qin ruler Yao Chang had his Eastern Gate General Ren Pen send a feigned envoy to win over Former Qin ruler Fu Deng, promising to open the gates and admit him. Deng was about to accept when Eastern Expedition General Lei E'di, campaigning abroad, heard of it, rode in haste to see Deng, and said, "Yao Chang is treacherous — he cannot be trusted!" Deng then abandoned the plan. When Chang learned that E'di had gone to Deng, he told his generals, "That Qiang has seen Deng — the plan is ruined!" Deng secretly feared E'di, whose courage and strategy surpassed other men. E'di, fearing for his life, surrendered to Later Qin, and Chang made him Pacifying Army General.
94
秦以安成王廣為司徒。
Former Qin made Prince Fu Guang of Ancheng Minister over the Masses.
95
列宗孝武皇帝中之下太元十五年（ 庚寅，公元三九零年）
From the middle and latter part of Emperor Xiaowu's reign, the fifteenth year of the Taiyuan era ( gengyin, corresponding to 390 CE).
96
春，正月，乙亥，譙敬王恬薨。
In spring, the first month, on yihai, Prince Sima Tian the Respectful of Qiao died.
97
西燕主永引兵向洛陽，朱序自河陰北濟河，擊敗之，永走還上黨。 序追至白水，會翟遼謀向洛陽，序乃引兵還，擊走之，留鷹揚將軍朱黨戍石門，使其子略督護洛陽，以參軍趙蕃佐之，身還襄陽。
Western Yan ruler Murong Yong marched on Luoyang; Zhu Xu crossed the Yellow River north from Heyin, defeated him, and Yong fled back to Shangdang. Xu pursued as far as Baishui; when Zhai Liao plotted to march on Luoyang, Xu turned back, attacked and drove him off, left Hawk-Raising General Zhu Dang to garrison Shimen, put his son Zhu Lue in charge of Luoyang with Staff Officer Zhao Fan to assist him, and returned to Xiangyang himself.
98
琅邪王道子恃寵驕恣，侍宴酣醉，或虧禮敬。 帝浸不能平，欲選時望為籓鎮以潛制道子，問於太子左衛率王雅曰：「吾欲用王恭、殷仲堪，何如？ 雅曰：「王恭風神簡貴，志氣方嚴； 仲堪謹於細行，以文義著稱。 然皆峻狹自是，且干略不長，若委以方面，天下無事，足以守職； 若其有事，必為亂階矣！」 帝不從。 恭，蘊之子； 仲堪，融之孫也。 二月，辛巳，以中書令王恭為都督青、兗、幽、并、冀五州諸軍事、兗、青二州刺史，鎮京口。
Prince Sima Daozi of Langya, secure in the emperor's favor, grew arrogant and unrestrained; at court banquets he drank himself drunk and sometimes showed disrespect. The emperor grew increasingly resentful and wished to appoint men of standing to frontier posts to check Daozi indirectly; he asked Left Commandant of the Crown Prince's Guard Wang Ya, "I am thinking of using Wang Gong and Yin Zhongkan — what do you think? Ya said, "Wang Gong has a refined and lofty bearing, and an upright, stern spirit; Zhongkan is meticulous in small matters and is famed for learning and letters. Yet both are harsh, narrow-minded, and self-willed, and neither has much talent for practical affairs; if given frontier commands, they would suffice while the realm is at peace; but if trouble came, they would surely become the seeds of rebellion!" The emperor did not heed him. Gong was the son of Wang Yun. Zhongkan was the grandson of Yin Rong. In the second month, on xinsi, Palace Secretary Wang Gong was made commander of the armies of Qing, Yan, You, Bing, and Ji, Governor of Yan and Qing, and posted at Jingkou.
99
三月，戊辰，大赦。
In the third month, on wuchen, the court declared a general amnesty.
100
後秦主萇攻秦扶風太守齊益男於新羅堡，克之，益男走。 秦主登攻後秦天水太守張業生於隴東，萇救之，登引去。
Later Qin ruler Yao Chang attacked Former Qin Administrator of Fufeng Qi Yinan at Xinlou Fortress, took it, and Yinan fled. Former Qin ruler Fu Deng attacked Later Qin Administrator of Tianshui Zhang Yesheng in eastern Long, and Chang marched to relieve him; Deng withdrew.
101
夏，四月，秦鎮東將軍魏揭飛自稱沖天王，帥氐、胡攻後秦安北將軍姚當成於杏城； 鎮軍將軍雷惡地叛應之，攻鎮東將軍姚漢得於李潤。 後秦主萇欲自擊之，群臣皆曰：「陛下不憂六十里苻登，乃憂六百里魏揭飛，何也？」 萇曰：「登非可猝滅，吾城亦非登所能猝拔。 惡地智略非常，若南引揭飛，東結董成，得杏城、李潤而據之，長安東北非吾有也。」 乃潛引精兵一千六百赴之。 揭飛、惡地有眾數萬，氐、胡赴之者首尾不絕。 萇每見一軍至，輒喜。 群臣怪而問之，萇曰：「揭飛等扇誘同惡，種類甚繁，吾雖克其魁帥，餘黨未易猝平。 今烏集而至，吾乘勝取之，可一舉無餘也。」 揭飛等見後秦兵少，悉眾攻之。 萇固壘不戰，示之以弱，潛遣其子中軍將軍崇帥騎數百出其後。 揭飛兵擾亂，萇遣鎮遠將軍王超等給兵擊之，斬揭飛及其將士萬餘級。 惡地請降，萇待之如初，惡地謂人曰：「吾自謂智勇傑出上時，而每遇姚翁輒困，固其分也！」
In summer, the fourth month, Former Qin Pacifying East General Wei Jiefei declared himself the Heaven-Striking King and led Di and Hu forces against Later Qin Pacifying North General Yao Dangcheng at Xingcheng; Pacifying Army General Lei E'di rebelled in support and attacked Pacifying East General Yao Hande at Lirun. Later Qin ruler Yao Chang wished to strike them in person; his ministers said, "Your Majesty does not worry about Fu Deng sixty li away, yet you worry about Wei Jiefei six hundred li away — why?" Chang said, "Deng cannot be destroyed overnight, and my cities are not ones he can suddenly take. E'di is extraordinarily clever and capable; if he links Jiefei to the south and Dong Cheng to the east, and holds Xingcheng and Lirun, we will lose the northeast of Chang'an." He then secretly marched sixteen hundred picked troops to the scene. Jiefei and E'di had tens of thousands of men, and Di and Hu reinforcements kept arriving without end. Each time another army arrived, Chang rejoiced. The ministers were puzzled and asked why; Chang said, "Jiefei and the rest have stirred up every sort of malcontent; even if I defeat their leaders, the remaining bands will not be easy to wipe out at once. Now they flock here like crows; if I strike while I have the advantage, I can wipe them out in one blow." When Jiefei and the rest saw how few Later Qin troops there were, they attacked with their full strength. Chang held his camp and refused battle, feigning weakness, while secretly sending his son Central Army General Yao Chong with several hundred horsemen around behind them. Jiefei's army fell into disorder; Chang sent Pacifying the Distance General Wang Chao and others with reinforcements to strike them, killing Jiefei and more than ten thousand of his officers and men. E'di asked to surrender, and Chang treated him as before; E'di said to others, "I thought myself the cleverest and bravest man of my age, yet whenever I meet Old Yao I am brought to ruin — such is my fate!"
102
萇命姚當成於所營之地，每柵孔中輒樹一木以旌戰功。 歲餘，問之，當成曰：「營地太小，已廣之矣。」 萇曰：「吾自結髮以來，與人戰，未嘗如此之快，以千餘兵破三萬之眾，營地惟小為奇，豈以大為貴哉！」
Chang ordered Yao Dangcheng to plant a tree in every gap between the palisade stakes in his camp to mark the battle's glory. More than a year later he asked about it; Dangcheng said, "The camp was too small, so we have already expanded it." Chang said, "Since I first bound up my hair, I have never fought a battle that pleased me more: with little more than a thousand men I broke thirty thousand. That the camp alone was small is the marvel — how could size be the point!"
103
吐谷渾視連遣使獻見於金城王乾歸，乾歸拜視連沙州牧、白蘭王。
Tuyuhun Shilian sent envoys to submit to King Qifu Qian'gui of Jincheng; Qian'gui invested Shilian as Governor of Sha and Prince of Bailand.
104
丙寅，魏王珪會燕趙王麟於意辛山，擊賀蘭、紇突鄰、紇奚三部，破之，紇突鄰、紇奚皆降於魏。
On bingyin, Wei ruler Tuoba Gui met Prince Murong Lin of Yan and Zhao at Yixin Mountain, attacked the Helan, Hetulin, and Hexi tribes, defeated them, and both Hetulin and Hexi surrendered to Wei.
105
秋，七月，馮詡人郭質起兵於廣鄉以應秦，移檄三輔曰：「姚萇凶虐，毒被神人。 吾屬世蒙先帝堯、舜之仁，非常伯、納言之子，即卿校、牧守之孫也。 與其含恥而存，孰若蹈道而死！」 於是三輔壁壘皆應之； 獨鄭縣人苟曜不從，聚眾數千附於後秦。 秦以質為馮翊太守； 後秦以曜為豫州刺史。
In autumn, the seventh month, Guo Zhi of Fengyi raised troops at Guangxiang in support of Former Qin and issued a proclamation to the Three Adjuncts: "Yao Chang is cruel and tyrannical; his poison afflicts gods and men alike. Our families have long enjoyed the benevolence of sage emperors; we are not mere sons of high ministers and chief speakers, but grandsons of commanders, governors, and prefects. Better to die following the right path than to live on in shame!" Thereupon fortified strongholds throughout the Three Adjuncts all rose in response; only Gou Yao of Zheng County refused, gathered several thousand men, and submitted to Later Qin. Former Qin made Guo Zhi Administrator of Fengyi; Later Qin made Gou Yao Inspector of Yu.
106
劉衛辰遣子直力鞮攻賀蘭部，賀訥困急，請降於魏。 丙子，魏王珪引兵救之，直力鞮退。 鞮徙訥部落，處之東境。
Liu Weichen sent his son Zhilidi to attack the Helan tribe; He Na was hard pressed and asked to surrender to Wei. On bingzi, Wei ruler Tuoba Gui marched to relieve him, and Zhilidi withdrew. Zhilidi moved Na's tribe and settled it on Wei's eastern frontier.
107
八月，劉牢之擊翟釗於鄄城，釗走河北； 又敗翟遼於滑台，張願來降。
In the eighth month, Liu Laozhi attacked Zhai Zhao at Juancheng; Zhao fled north of the river; he also defeated Zhai Liao at Huatai, and Zhang Yuan came over to his side.
108
九月，北平人吳柱聚眾千餘，立沙門法長為天子。 破北平郡，轉寇廣都，入白狼城。 燕幽州牧高陽王隆方葬其夫人，郡縣守宰皆會之。 眾聞柱反，請隆還城，遣大兵討之。 隆曰：「今閭閻安業，民不思亂。 柱等以詐謀惑愚夫，誘脅相聚，無能為也。」 遂留葬訖，遣廣平太守、廣都令先歸，繼遣安昌侯進將百餘騎趨白狼城。 柱眾聞之，皆潰； 窮捕，斬之。
In the ninth month, Wu Zhu of Beiping rallied more than a thousand men and proclaimed the monk Fachang emperor. They overran Beiping commandery, turned to plunder Guangdu, and entered White Wolf City. Prince Murong Long of Gaoyang, Yan's inspector of You, was burying his wife; county and district officials had all assembled for the funeral. When the mourners heard Zhu had risen in revolt, they urged Long to return to his seat and dispatch a major force against him. Long said, "The common households are at peace in their work; the people have no mind for rebellion. Zhu and his sort deceive simple men with fraud and drag them together by force—they can do nothing." He stayed until the burial was complete, sent the Guangping administrator and Guangdu magistrate back first, then dispatched Marquis Jin of Anchang with a hundred-odd horsemen to rush White Wolf City. Zhu's band heard this and broke apart; they were hunted to the end and beheaded.
109
以侍中王國寶為中書令，俄兼中領軍。
Wang Guobao, attendant-in-ordinary, was appointed director of the Secretariat and soon also took command of the central army.
110
丁未，以吳郡太守王珣為尚書右僕射。
On dingwei, Wang Xun, administrator of Wu commandery, was made vice director of the Masters of Writing on the right.
111
吐谷渾視連卒，子視羆立。 視羆以其父祖慈仁，為四鄰所侵侮，乃督厲將士，欲建功業。 冬，十月，金城王乾歸遣使拜視羆沙州牧、白蘭王，視羆不受。
Tuyuhun Shilian died, and his son Shipi succeeded him. Shipi, seeing how his father and grandfather's kindness had invited bullying from every neighbor, drilled his troops hard and set out to win glory on the frontier. In winter, the tenth month, Qifu Gangui, king of Jincheng, sent envoys to invest Shipi as governor of Shazhou and king of Bailan; Shipi declined.
112
十二月，郭質及苟曜戰於鄭東，質敗，奔洛陽。
In the twelfth month, Guo Zhi and Gou Yao fought east of Zheng; Zhi was beaten and fled to Luoyang.
113
越質詰歸據平襄，叛金城王乾歸。
Yuezhizhi Gui seized Pingxiang and rebelled against Qifu Gangui, king of Jincheng.
114
列宗孝武皇帝中之下太元十六年（ 辛卯，公元三九一年）
Emperor Xiaowu of the Liedzong, middle part, lower scroll — the sixteenth year of Taixuan ( xinj mao — 391 CE)
115
春，正月，燕置行台於薊，加長樂公盛錄行台文書事。
In spring, the first month, Yan set up a mobile secretariat at Ji and made Prince Sheng of Changle recorder of its documents.
116
金城王乾歸擊越質詰歸，詰歸降，乾歸以宗女妻之。 賀染干謀殺其兄訥，訥知之，舉兵相攻。 魏王珪告於燕，請為鄉導以討之。 二月，甲戌，燕主垂遣趙王麟將兵擊訥，鎮北將軍蘭汗帥龍城之兵擊染干。
Qifu Gangui attacked Yuezhizhi Gui; Gui surrendered, and Gangui gave him a clanswoman in marriage. He Rangan plotted to kill his elder brother Ne; Ne found out and raised troops to attack him. King Tuoba Gui of Wei notified Yan and offered to guide an expedition against them. In the second month, on jiaxu, Murong Chui sent Prince Murong Lin of Zhao against Ne while Pacifying-North General Lan Han led the Longcheng army against Rangan.
117
三月，秦主登自雍攻後秦安東將軍金榮於范氏堡，克之。 遂渡渭水，攻京兆太守韋范於段氏堡，不克，進據曲牢。
In the third month, Fu Deng of Former Qin marched from Yong against Later Qin's pacifying-east general Jin Rong at the Fan clan fortress and took it. He crossed the Wei River and assaulted Wei Fan, Jingzhao administrator, at the Duan clan fortress; failing there, he pressed on to occupy Qu'lao.
118
夏，四月，燕蘭汗破賀染干於牛都。
In summer, the fourth month, Lan Han of Yan routed He Rangan at Niudu.
119
苟曜有眾一萬，密召秦主登，許為內應。 登自曲牢向繁川，軍於馬頭原。 五月，後秦主萇引兵逆戰，登擊破之，斬其右將軍吳忠。 萇收眾復戰，姚碩德曰：「陛下慎於輕戰，每欲以計取之，今戰失利而更前逼賊，何也？」 萇曰：「登用兵遲緩，不識虛實。 今輕兵直進，遙據吾東，此必苟曜豎子與之有謀也。 緩之則其謀得成，故及其交之未合，急擊之，以敗散其事耳。」 遂進戰，大破之。 登退屯於郿。
Gou Yao commanded ten thousand men and secretly summoned Fu Deng, offering to act as an inside ally. Deng moved from Qu'lao toward Fanchuan and encamped at Horse Head Plain. In the fifth month, Yao Chang of Later Qin marched out to give battle; Deng broke his line and beheaded Right General Wu Zhong. Chang regrouped and fought again; Yao Shuode said, "Your Majesty avoids rash battle and prefers to win by stratagem—why, after a defeat, press forward on the enemy?" Chang said, "Deng is slow on the march and cannot read strength from bluff. His light force has pushed straight ahead and holds our eastern flank from afar—that can only mean the wretch Gou Yao is in league with him. Delay would let their plot ripen; I mean to strike before their hands meet and smash the whole design." He pressed the attack and won a crushing victory. Deng pulled back and encamped at Mei.
120
秦兗州刺史強金槌據新平，降後秦，以其子逵為質。 後秦主萇將數百騎入金槌營。 群下諫之，萇曰：「金槌既去苻登，又欲圖我，將安所歸乎？ 且彼初來款附，宜推心以結之，奈何復以不信疑之乎？」 既而群氐欲取萇，金槌不從。
Qiang Jinchui, Former Qin's inspector of Yan, held Xinping, submitted to Later Qin, and sent his son Kui as hostage. Yao Chang of Later Qin rode into Jinchui's camp with only a few hundred horsemen. His officers protested; Chang said, "Jinchui has already broken with Fu Deng—if he plots against me too, where can he turn? And he has only just submitted in good faith—we should meet him with open trust. Why greet him with suspicion?" Soon afterward the Di in his ranks wanted to seize Chang, but Jinchui refused.
121
六月，甲辰，燕趙王麟破賀訥於赤城，禽之，降其部落數萬。 燕主垂命麟歸訥部落，徙染干於中山。 麟歸，言於垂曰：「臣觀拓跋珪舉動，終為國患，不若攝之還朝，使其弟監國事。」 垂不從。
In the sixth month, on jiachen, Prince Murong Lin of Zhao defeated He Ne at Red City, captured him, and brought tens of thousands of his tribesmen to submission. Murong Chui ordered Lin to restore Ne to his tribe and resettled Rangan at Zhongshan. On his return Lin told Chui, "I have watched Tuoba Gui's every move—he will be a plague on the realm. Better summon him to court and leave his younger brother to govern Wei." Chui would not hear of it.
122
西燕主永寇河南，太守楊佺期擊破之。
Murong Yong of Western Yan raided Henan; Administrator Yang Quanqi drove him off.
123
秋，七月，壬申，燕主垂如范陽。
In autumn, the seventh month, on renshen, Murong Chui traveled to Fanyang.
124
魏王珪遣其弟觚獻見於燕，燕主垂衰老，子弟用事，留觚以求良馬。 魏王珪弗與，遂與燕絕，使長史張袞求好於西燕。 觚逃歸，燕太子寶追獲之，垂待之如初。
King Tuoba Gui of Wei sent his brother Gu to pay court to Yan. Chui was old, his younger kinsmen ran affairs, and they held Gu hostage to extort fine horses. Tuoba Gui refused and broke with Yan, sending chief clerk Zhang Gun to seek an alliance with Western Yan. Gu escaped home; Crown Prince Bao ran him down and recaptured him, yet Chui treated him as before.
125
秦主登攻新平，後秦主萇救之，登引去。
Fu Deng attacked Xinping; Yao Chang marched to relieve it, and Deng withdrew.
126
秦驃騎將軍沒弈干以其二子為質於金城王乾歸，請共擊鮮卑大兜。 乾歸與沒弈干攻大兜於鳴蟬堡，克之。 兜微服走，乾歸收其部眾而還，歸沒弈干二子。 沒弈干尋叛，東合劉衛辰。 八月，乾歸帥騎一萬討沒弈干，沒弈干奔他樓城，乾歸射之，中目。
Mo Yigan, Former Qin's general of rapid cavalry, sent his two sons as hostages to Qifu Gangui and asked to join him against the Xianbei chief Da'er. Gangui and Mo Yigan stormed Da'er at Mingchan Fortress and took it. Da'er slipped away in disguise; Gangui gathered his followers, returned, and restored Mo Yigan's two sons. Mo Yigan soon rebelled and joined Liu Weichen in the east. In the eighth month, Gangui led ten thousand horsemen against Mo Yigan; Mo Yigan fled to Talou City, and Gangui's arrow found his eye.
127
九月，癸未，以尚書右僕射王珣為左僕射，太子詹事謝琰為右僕射。 太學博士范弘之訟殷浩宜加贈謚，因敘桓溫不臣之跡。 是時桓氏猶盛，王珣，溫之故吏也，以為溫廢昏立明，有忠貞之節； 黜弘之為餘杭令。 弘之，汪之孫也。
In the ninth month, on guiwei, Wang Xun was moved from vice director on the right to vice director on the left, and Xie Yan, grand tutor of the heir apparent, became vice director on the right. Imperial Academy erudite Fan Hongzhi petitioned that Yin Hao deserved a posthumous title and, in making his case, laid out Huan Wen's treasonous conduct. The Huan clan was still powerful; Wang Xun, a former officer of Wen's, argued that Wen had deposed a benighted ruler and enthroned a worthy one—proof of loyal integrity; Hongzhi was demoted to magistrate of Yuhang. Hongzhi was Fan Wang's grandson.
128
冬，十月，壬辰，燕主垂還中山。
In winter, the tenth month, on renchen, Murong Chui returned to Zhongshan.
129
初，柔然部人世服於代，其大人郁久閭地粟袁卒，部落分為二：長子匹候跋繼父居東邊，次子縕紇提別居西邊。 秦王堅滅代，柔然附於劉衛辰。 及魏王珪即位，攻擊高車等，諸部率皆服從，獨柔然不事魏。 戊戌，珪引兵擊之，柔然舉部遁走，珪追奔六百里。 諸將因張袞言於珪曰：「賊遠糧盡，不如早還。」 珪問諸將：「若殺副馬，為三日食，足乎？」 皆曰：「足。」 乃復倍道追之，及於大磧南床山下，大破之，虜其半部，匹候跋及別部帥屋擊各收餘眾遁走。 珪遣長孫嵩、長孫肥追之。 珪謂將佐曰：「卿曹知吾前問三日意乎？」 曰：「不知也。」 珪曰：「柔然驅畜產奔走數日，至水必留； 我以輕騎追之，計期道裡，不過三日及之矣。」 皆曰：「非所及也！」 嵩追斬屋擊於平望川。 肥追匹候跋至涿邪山，匹候跋舉從降，獲縕紇提之子曷多汗、兄子社侖、斛律等宗黨數百人。 縕紇提將奔劉衛辰，珪追及之，縕紇提亦降，珪悉徙其部眾於雲中。
Long before, the Rouran had served Dai; when their chieftain Yujulü Duisugan died the tribe split—eldest son Pihouba kept the east, second son Wenheti settled apart in the west. When King Fu Jian of Former Qin destroyed Dai, the Rouran attached themselves to Liu Weichen. When Tuoba Gui came to the Wei throne and attacked the Gaoche and other tribes, nearly all submitted—only the Rouran refused to serve Wei. On wuxu, Gui marched against them; the whole Rouran nation fled, and Gui chased them six hundred li. Through Zhang Gun the generals urged Gui, "The foe is far and our grain is gone—we should turn back." Gui asked his commanders, "If we slaughter the remounts for three days' food, will that be enough?" All said, "It will." They doubled their pace, caught the Rouran at South Bed Mountain on the great desert, and broke them badly, taking half the tribe; Pihouba and the branch chief Wuji each gathered what was left and fled. Gui sent Changsun Song and Changsun Fei in pursuit. Gui asked his officers, "Do you understand why I asked about three days' rations?" They said, "We do not." Gui said, "The Rouran drive their herds hard for days—when they reach water they must stop; I reckoned our light cavalry would overtake them within three days on the road." All said, "We never saw that coming!" Song ran down Wuji and killed him at Pingwang Stream. Fei chased Pihouba to Zhuo'e Mountain; Pihouba surrendered with his followers, and they took Wenheti's son Yiduo Han, nephew Shelun, Helü, and several hundred kinsmen. Wenheti was heading for Liu Weichen; Gui overtook him, Wenheti surrendered too, and Gui moved all their people to Yunzhong.
130
翟遼卒，子釗代立，改元定鼎。 攻燕鄴城，燕遼西王農擊卻之。
Zhai Liao died; his son Zhao succeeded him and adopted the era name Dingding. He attacked Yan's city of Ye; Prince Murong Nong of Liaoxi beat him back.
131
三河王光遣兵乘虛伐金城王乾歸，乾歸聞之，引兵還，光兵亦退。
Wang Guang, prince of Sanhe, sent troops to strike Qifu Gangui while he was away; Gangui turned back on hearing of it, and Guang's army withdrew.
132
劉衛辰遣子直力鞮帥眾八九萬攻魏南部。 十一月，已卯，魏王珪引兵五六千人拒之，壬午，大破直力鞮於鐵岐山南，直力鞮單騎走。 乘勝追之，戊子，自五原金津南濟河，逕入衛辰國，衛辰部落駭亂。 辛卯，珪直抵其所居悅跋城，衛辰父子出走。 壬辰，分遣諸將輕騎追之。 將軍伊謂禽直力珪於木根山，衛辰為其部下所殺。 十二月，珪軍於鹽池，誅衛辰宗黨五千餘人，皆投屍於河。 自河以南諸部悉降，獲馬三十餘萬匹，牛羊四百餘萬頭，國用由是遂饒。
Liu Weichen sent his son Zhili Diji with eighty or ninety thousand men against Wei's south. In the eleventh month, on jimao, Tuoba Gui met him with five or six thousand men; on renwu he crushed Zhili Diji south of Iron Qi Mountain, and Zhili Diji fled alone. Pressing the victory, on wuzi he crossed the river south from Wuyuan's Golden Ford and plunged straight into Weichen's lands; Weichen's tribes panicked. On xinmao, Gui marched straight to Yueba City, Weichen's seat; Weichen and his sons fled. On renchen, he sent his generals in light cavalry in pursuit. General Yiyi captured Zhili Diji at Mugen Mountain; Weichen was killed by his own followers. In the twelfth month, Gui encamped at Salt Pool, executed more than five thousand of Weichen's clan and partisans, and threw their bodies into the river. Every tribe south of the river submitted; they took more than three hundred thousand horses and over four million head of cattle and sheep, and the realm's stores grew rich.
133
衛辰少子勃勃亡奔薛幹部，珪使人求之，薛幹部帥太悉伏出勃勃以示使者曰：「勃勃國破家亡，以窮歸我，我寧與之俱亡，何忍執以與魏！」 乃送勃勃於沒弈干，沒弈干以女妻之。 戊申，燕主垂如魯口。
Weichen's youngest son Bobo fled to the Xuegan tribe; Gui sent men to demand him. Xuegan chief Taixifu produced Bobo before the envoy and said, "His state is broken and his house destroyed—he came to me in desperation. I would rather die with him than hand him to Wei!" He then sent Bobo to Mo Yigan, who gave him his daughter in marriage. On wushen, Murong Chui went to Lukou.
134
秦主登攻安定，後秦主萇如陰密以拒之，謂太子興曰：「苟曜聞吾北行，必來見汝，汝執誅之。」 曜果見興於長安，興使尹緯讓而誅之。
Fu Deng attacked Anding; Yao Chang went to Yinmi to block him and told Crown Prince Yao Xing, "When Gou Yao hears I have marched north, he will come to see you—seize him and kill him." Gou Yao did come to Xing at Chang'an; Xing had Yin Wei rebuke him and then executed him.
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萇敗登於安定城東，登退據路承堡。 萇置酒高會，諸將皆曰：「若值魏武王，不令此賊至今，陛下將牢太過耳。」 萇笑曰：「吾不如亡兄有四：身長八尺五寸、臂垂過膝，人望而畏之，一也； 將十萬之眾，與天下爭衡，望麾而進，前無橫隈，二也； 溫古知今，講論道藝，收羅英雋，三也； 董帥兄眾，上下鹹悅，人盡死力，四也。 所以得建立功業、驅策群賢者，正望算略中有片長耳。」 群臣咸稱萬歲。」」
Chang defeated Deng east of Anding; Deng fell back to Lucheng Fort. Chang held a triumph feast; the generals said, "Had Prince Wu of Wei—your brother Yao Xiang—still lived, this bandit would not be breathing; Your Majesty keeps your cage too loose." Chang laughed and said, "I am no match for my dead brother in four ways: eight feet five, arms past the knees—men looked on him with dread; that is the first; leading a hundred thousand men against the realm, they advanced at a wave of his banner with no barrier before them; that is the second; mastering antiquity and the present, discoursing on the Way and the arts, gathering the finest minds; that is the third; leading the host like an elder brother, high and low alike content, every man giving his all; that is the fourth. The reason I have been able to build this enterprise and lead so many able men is that I hoped to have at least a little talent for strategy. The whole court cried, "Long live Your Majesty!"””