1
卷第一百八
Volume 108
2
【晉紀三十】起玄黓執徐，盡柔兆涒灘，凡五年。
【Jin Records 30】 From the first year of the Xuanxi cycle through the last year of the Rouzhao cycle—five years in all.
3
烈宗孝武皇帝下太元十七年
Under Emperor Xiaowu of the Liezong: the seventeenth year of Taiyuan.
4
春，正月，已巳朔，大赦。
In spring, in the first month, on the jisi new moon, the court proclaimed a general amnesty.
5
秦主登立昭儀隴西李氏為皇后。
Qin ruler Yao Deng made Lady Li of Longxi, his Zhaoyi, empress.
6
二月，壬寅，燕主垂自魯口如河間、渤海、平原。 翟釗遣其將翟都侵館陶，屯蘇康壘。 三月，垂引兵南擊釗。
In the second month, on renyin, Murong Chui of Yan traveled from Lukou through Hejian, Bohai, and Pingyuan. Zhai Zhao sent his general Zhai Du to raid Guantao and camp at Sukang Fort. In the third month, Chui marched south against Zhai Zhao.
7
秦驃騎將軍沒弈干帥眾降於後秦，後秦以為車騎將軍，封高平公。
Qin General of Agile Cavalry Moyigan surrendered with his forces to Later Qin, which appointed him General of Chariots and Cavalry and created him Duke of Gaoping.
8
後秦主萇寢疾，命姚碩德鎮李潤，尹緯守長安，召太子興詣行營。 征南將軍姚方成言於興曰：「今寇敵未滅，上復寢疾。 王統等皆有部曲，終為人患，宜盡除之。」 興從之，殺王統、王廣、苻胤、徐成、毛盛。 萇怒曰：「王統兄弟，吾之州裡，實無他志； 徐成等皆前朝名將，吾方用之，奈何輒殺之！」
Later Qin ruler Yao Chang took to his bed. He ordered Yao Shuode to hold Lirun, Yin Wei to defend Chang'an, and summoned Crown Prince Yao Xing to headquarters. General Who Conquers the South Yao Fangcheng told Xing, "The enemy is not yet destroyed, and the emperor is ill again. Wang Tong and the others all command private bands—they will become a threat in time. You should eliminate them all." Xing agreed and had Wang Tong, Wang Guang, Fu Yin, Xu Cheng, and Mao Sheng put to death. Chang raged, "The Wang brothers are men from my home district and had no other designs; Xu Cheng and the rest are famous generals of the former court—I was about to put them to use. How could you kill them out of hand!"
9
燕主垂進逼蘇康壘。 夏，四月，翟都南走滑台。 翟釗求救於西燕，西燕主永謀於群臣，尚書渤海鮑遵曰：「使兩寇相弊，吾承其後，此卞莊子之策也。」 中書侍郎太原張騰曰：「垂強釗弱，何弊之承！ 不如速救之，以成鼎足之勢。 今我引兵趨中山，晝多疑兵，夜多火炬，垂必懼而自救。 我沖其前，釗躡其後，此天授之機，不可失也。」 永不從。
Murong Chui pressed on Sukang Fort. In summer, in the fourth month, Zhai Du fled south to Huatai. Zhai Zhao appealed to Western Yan for help. Murong Yong consulted his ministers. Bao Zun of Bohai, Director of the Masters of Writing, said, "Let the two foes wear each other down, then we strike afterward—this is Bian Zhuangzi's stratagem." Zhang Teng of Taiyuan, Gentleman Attendant of the Masters of Writing, said, "Chui is strong and Zhao weak—what exhaustion is there to harvest! Better to rescue him at once and secure a tripod balance of power. If we march on Zhongshan now, feigning large forces by day and lighting many torches by night, Chui will surely turn back in alarm to save himself. We strike from the front while Zhao closes on his rear—this is heaven's gift and must not be missed." Yong refused.
10
燕大赦。
Yan proclaimed a general amnesty.
11
五月，丁卯朔，日有食之。
In the fifth month, on the dingmao new moon, the sun was eclipsed.
12
六月，燕主垂軍黎陽。 臨河欲濟，翟釗列兵南岸以拒之。 辛亥，垂徙營就西津，去黎陽西四十里，為牛皮船百餘艘，偽列兵仗，溯流而上。 釗亟引兵趣西津，垂潛遣中壘將軍桂林王鎮等自黎陽津夜濟，營於河南，比明而營成。 釗聞之，亟還，攻鎮等營； 垂命鎮等堅壁勿戰。 釗兵往來疲暍，攻營不能拔，將引去； 鎮等引兵出戰。 驃騎將軍農自西津濟，與鎮等夾擊，大破之。 釗走還滑台，將妻子，收遺眾，北濟河，登白鹿山，憑險自守，燕兵不得進。 農曰：「釗無糧，不能久居山中。」 乃引兵還，留騎候之。 釗果下山； 還兵掩擊，盡獲其眾，釗單騎奔長子。 西燕主永以釗為車騎大將軍、兗州牧，封東郡王。 歲餘，釗謀反，永殺之。
In the sixth month, Murong Chui encamped at Liyang. As he came to the river intending to cross, Zhai Zhao drew up his army on the south bank to block him. On xinhai, Chui shifted camp to Xijin, forty li west of Liyang, built more than a hundred oxhide boats, displayed arms and armor as a feint, and moved upstream. Zhao rushed his army toward Xijin. Chui secretly sent General of the Central Ramparts Murong Zhen of Guilin and others to cross at night from Liyang Ford and encamp south of the river; by dawn the camp was finished. When Zhao heard of this, he hurried back and assaulted Zhen's camp; Chui ordered Zhen and the others to hold the walls and not fight. Zhao's men, shuttling back and forth, grew exhausted; they could not storm the camp and were about to withdraw; Zhen and the others sallied out to fight. General of Agile Cavalry Murong Nong crossed from Xijin and, with Zhen attacking from the other side, crushed them. Zhao fled to Huatai, took his family, gathered the remnants, crossed north over the river, and held Bailu Mountain's defiles; Yan troops could not press him. Nong said, "Zhao has no grain—he cannot stay long in the hills." He withdrew, leaving cavalry to watch for him. Zhao did come down the mountain; the waiting troops struck and took his whole force; Zhao alone fled on horseback to Changzi. Murong Yong made Zhao General of Chariots and Cavalry and Governor of Yanzhou, creating him King of Dongjun. A year later Zhao plotted rebellion, and Yong had him killed.
13
初，郝晷、崔逞及清河崔宏、新興張卓、遼東夔騰、陽平路纂皆仕於秦，避秦亂來奔，詔以為冀州諸郡，各將部曲營於河南。 既而受翟氏官爵，翟氏敗，皆降於燕，燕主垂各隨其材而用之。 釗所統七郡三萬餘戶，皆按堵如故。 以章武王宙為兗、豫二州刺史，鎮滑台； 徙徐州民七千餘戶於黎陽，以彭城王脫為徐州刺史，鎮黎陽。 脫，垂之弟子也。 垂以崔廕為宙司馬。
Earlier, Hao Chao, Cui Cheng, Cui Hong of Qinghe, Zhang Zhuo of Xingxing, Kui Teng of Liaodong, and Lu Zuan of Yangping had all served Qin. Fleeing its chaos they submitted to Jin, and the court assigned them Jizhou commanderies, each leading his band to camp south of the Yellow River. They later accepted offices from the Zhai clan; when the Zhai fell they all surrendered to Yan, and Murong Chui employed each according to his ability. The seven commanderies and more than thirty thousand households under Zhao remained undisturbed. He appointed Murong Zhou, Prince of Zhangwu, Governor of Yan and Yu provinces and stationed him at Huatai; moved more than seven thousand households from Xuzhou to Liyang, and made Murong Tuo, Prince of Pengcheng, Governor of Xuzhou at Liyang. Tuo was Chui's younger cousin. Chui made Cui Yin Chief Clerk to Zhou.
14
初，陳留王紹為鎮南將軍，太原王楷為征西將軍，樂浪王溫為征東將軍，垂皆以廕為之佐。 廕才幹明敏強正，善規諫，四王皆嚴憚之； 所至簡刑法，輕賦役，流民歸之，戶口滋息。
Earlier, Murong Shao of Chenliu had been General Who Guards the South, Murong Kai of Taiyuan General Who Conquers the West, and Murong Wen of Lelang General Who Conquers the East—and Chui had placed Yin as aide to each. Yin was capable, sharp, upright, and skilled at remonstrance; all four princes stood in awe of him; wherever he served he simplified penal law and eased taxes and labor; refugees returned and the population grew.
15
秋，七月，垂如鄴，以太原王楷為冀州牧，右光祿大夫餘蔚為左僕射。
In autumn, in the seventh month, Chui went to Ye, made Murong Kai of Taiyuan Governor of Jizhou, and Yu Wei, Grandee of Splendid Happiness on the Right, Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing.
16
秦主登聞後秦主萇疾病，大喜，告祠世祖神主，大赦，百官進位二等，秣馬厲兵，進逼安定，去城九十餘里。 八月，萇疾小瘳，出拒之。 登引兵出營，將逆戰，萇遣安南將軍姚熙隆別攻秦營，登懼而還。 萇夜引兵旁出以躡其後，旦而候騎告曰：「賊諸營已空，不知所向。」 登驚曰：「彼為何人，去令我不知，來令我不覺，謂其將死，忽然復來，朕與此羌同世，何其厄哉！」 登遂還雍，萇亦還安定。
Qin ruler Yao Deng heard that Yao Chang of Later Qin was ill and rejoiced. He reported to the ancestral tablets of Emperor Shizu, proclaimed a general amnesty, raised all officials two ranks, readied horses and arms, and marched on Anding until he was within ninety li of the city. In the eighth month Chang's illness eased, and he went out to meet him. Deng led his army out to give battle; Chang sent General Who Pacifies the South Yao Xilong to strike the Qin camp from another direction, and Deng withdrew in alarm. Chang marched out by night on a flank route to fall on Deng's rear. At dawn scouts reported, "The enemy camps are empty—we do not know where they have gone." Deng cried in alarm, "What sort of man is he—when he leaves I never know, when he comes I never see him! I thought he was dying, yet suddenly he is back. To share an age with this Qiang—what bitter fate!" Deng withdrew to Yong, and Chang returned to Anding.
17
三河王光遣其弟右將軍寶等攻金城王乾歸，寶及將士死者萬餘人。 又遣其子虎賁中郎將纂擊南羌彭奚念，纂亦敗歸。 光自將擊奚念於枹罕，克之，奚念奔甘松。
Lü Guang, King of Sanhe, sent his younger brother Right General Bao and others against Qifu Gangui, King of Jincheng; Bao and more than ten thousand officers and men were killed. He also sent his son Zuan, Tiger Guard Commandant of the Gentlemen of the Palace, against the Southern Qiang Peng Xinian; Zuan too was beaten and retreated. Guang led the army himself against Xinian at Fuhan, took the place, and Xinian fled to Gansong.
18
冬，十月，辛亥，荊州刺史王忱卒。 雍州刺史朱序以老病求解職，詔以太子右衛率郗恢為雍州刺史，代序鎮襄陽。 恢，曇之子也。
In winter, in the tenth month, on xinhai, Wang Chen, Governor of Jingzhou, died. Zhu Xu, Governor of Yongzhou, asked to retire on account of age and illness. The court appointed Xi Hui, Leader of the Right Guards of the Heir Apparent, Governor of Yongzhou in his place to guard Xiangyang. Hui was the son of Xi Tan.
19
巴蜀人在關中者皆叛後秦，據弘農以附秦。 秦主登以竇沖為左丞相，沖徙屯華陰。 郗恢遣將軍趙睦守金墉，河南太守楊佺期帥眾軍湖城，擊沖，走之。
Ba-Shu people throughout Guanzhong rebelled against Later Qin, seized Hongnong, and submitted to Qin. Qin ruler Yao Deng made Dou Chong Left Chancellor, and Chong encamped at Huayin. Xi Hui sent General Zhao Mu to hold Jinyong; Yang Quanqi, Administrator of Henan, led troops to Hucheng, attacked Chong, and drove him off.
20
十一月，癸酉，以黃門郎殷仲堪為都督荊、益、寧三州諸軍事、荊州刺史，鎮江陵。 仲堪雖有英譽，資望猶淺，議者不以為允。 到官，好行小惠，綱目不舉。
In the eleventh month, on guiyou, Yin Zhongkan, Gentleman at the Yellow Gates, was made Supervisor of Military Affairs for Jing, Yi, and Ning provinces and Governor of Jingzhou at Jiangling. Though Zhongkan enjoyed a fine reputation, his seniority was slight, and critics thought the appointment ill advised. Once in office he dispensed petty favors and neglected the larger framework of rule.
21
南郡公桓玄負其才地，以雄豪自處，朝廷疑而不用。 年二十三，始拜太子洗馬。 玄嘗詣琅邪王道子，值其酣醉，張目謂眾客曰：「桓溫晚途欲作賊，雲何？」 玄伏地流汗，不能起。 由是益不自安，常切齒於道子。 後出補義興太守，鬱鬱不得志，歎曰：「父為九州伯，兒為五湖長！」 遂棄官歸國，上疏自訟曰：「先臣勤王匡復之勳，朝廷遺之，臣不復計。 至於先帝龍飛，陛下繼明，請問談者，誰之由邪？」 疏寢不報。
Huan Xuan, Duke of Nanjun, relied on his talent and birth and carried himself as a bold hero; the court mistrusted him and kept him idle. At twenty-three he was first appointed Groom in Attendance to the Heir Apparent. Xuan once visited Sima Daozi, Prince of Langye, and found him drunk. Daozi glared at the guests and said, "Huan Wen in his last years meant to play the rebel—what of it?" Xuan prostrated himself, streaming sweat, unable to rise. From then on he grew still more uneasy and often gnashed his teeth at Daozi. Later he was posted as Administrator of Yixing, sullen and frustrated, and sighed, "My father was lord of the Nine Provinces, and I am chief of the Five Lakes!" He quit his post and returned to the capital, memorializing in his own defense, "My late father's service in restoring the dynasty—the court may forget it; I shall say no more. But when the late emperor ascended and Your Majesty succeeded—tell me, whose doing was that?" The memorial went unanswered.
22
玄在江陵，仲堪甚敬憚之。 桓氏累世臨荊州，玄復豪橫，士民畏之，過於仲堪。 嘗於仲堪聽事前戲馬，以槊擬仲堪。 仲堪中兵參軍彭城劉邁謂玄曰：「馬槊有餘，精理不足。」 玄不悅，仲堪為之失色。 玄出，仲堪謂邁曰：「卿，狂人也！ 玄夜遣殺卿，我豈能相救邪？」 使邁下都避之； 玄使人追之，邁僅而獲免。
When Xuan was at Jiangling, Zhongkan treated him with great respect and fear. The Huans had governed Jingzhou for generations; Xuan was domineering again, and officials and people feared him even more than Zhongkan. Once in the courtyard before Zhongkan's hall he played with his horse and leveled his lance at Zhongkan. Liu Mai of Pengcheng, Army Controller under Zhongkan, told Xuan, "Your lance has force to spare, but your judgment falls short." Xuan was displeased, and Zhongkan turned pale. After Xuan left, Zhongkan said to Mai, "You are mad! If Xuan sends men tonight to kill you, how could I save you?" He sent Mai down to the capital to escape; Xuan sent men after him, and Mai barely escaped.
23
征虜參軍豫章胡籓過江陵，見仲堪，說之曰：「桓玄志趣不常，每怏怏於失職，節下崇待太守，恐非將來之計也！」 仲堪不悅。 籓內弟同郡羅企生為仲堪功曹，籓退，謂企生曰：「殷侯倒戈以授人，必及於禍。 君不早圖去就，後悔無及矣！」
Hu Fan of Yuzhang, staff officer under the General Who Conquers the Barbarians, passed through Jiangling and warned Zhongkan, "Huan Xuan's aims are unstable and he resents his loss of office. You honor him too highly—this is no plan for the future!" Zhongkan was displeased. Fan's brother-in-law Luo Qisheng of the same commandery served Zhongkan as Merit Officer. As Fan left he told Qisheng, "Lord Yin is handing his sword to another man—disaster is sure to follow. If you do not decide early whether to stay or go, you will regret it too late!"
24
庚寅，立皇子德文為琅邪王，徙琅邪王道子為會稽王。
On gengyin Prince Dewen was created Prince of Langye, and Sima Daozi was moved from Prince of Langye to Prince of Kuaiji.
25
十二月，燕主垂還中山，以遼西王農為都督兗、豫、荊、徐、雍五州諸軍事，鎮鄴。
In the twelfth month Murong Chui returned to Zhongshan and made Murong Nong, Prince of Liaoxi, Supervisor of Military Affairs for five provinces—Yan, Yu, Jing, Xu, and Yong—stationed at Ye.
26
休官權千成據顯親，自稱秦州牧。
Quan Qiancheng of Xiuguan seized Xianqin and declared himself Governor of Qinzhou.
27
清河人李遼上表請敕兗州修孔子廟，給戶灑掃，仍立庠序，收教學者，曰：「事有如賒而實急者，此之謂也！」 表不見省。
Li Liao of Qinghe memorialized asking the court to order Yanzhou to repair Confucius's temple, assign households to maintain it, and establish a school to gather students, writing, "Some matters seem distant yet are urgent—this is one!" The memorial went unread.
28
烈宗孝武皇帝下太元十八年
Under Emperor Xiaowu of the Liezong: the eighteenth year of Taiyuan.
29
春，正月，燕陽平孝王柔卒。
In spring, in the first month, Murong Rou, Prince of Yangping, died.
30
權千成為秦所逼，請降於金城王乾歸，乾歸以為東秦州刺史、休官大都統、顯親公。
Pressed by Qin, Quan Qiancheng submitted to Qifu Gangui, King of Jincheng, who made him Governor of East Qinzhou, Grand Commander of Xiuguan, and Duke of Xianqin.
31
夏，四月，庚子，燕主垂加太子寶大單于； 以安定王庫辱官偉為太尉，范陽王德為司徒，太原王楷為司空，陳留王紹為尚書右僕射。 五月，立子熙為河間王，朗為渤海王，鑒為博陵王。
In summer, in the fourth month, on gengzi, Murong Chui advanced Crown Prince Bao to Great Chanyu; made Murong Guanwei of Anding Grand Commandant, Murong De of Fanyang Minister over the Masses, Murong Kai of Taiyuan Minister of Works, and Murong Shao of Chenliu Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. In the fifth month he created his sons Xi Prince of Hejian, Lang Prince of Bohai, and Jian Prince of Boling.
32
秦右丞相竇沖矜才尚人，自請封天水王，秦主登不許。 六月，沖自稱秦王，改元元光。
Dou Chong, Qin's Right Chancellor, prized his talent and held himself above others; he asked to be created King of Tianshui, and Yao Deng refused. In the sixth month Chong declared himself King of Qin and adopted the era name Yuanguang.
33
金城王乾歸立其子熾磐為太子。 熾磐勇略明決，過於其父。
Qifu Gangui, King of Jincheng, made his son Chipan crown prince. Chipan was brave, resourceful, and decisive—surpassing his father.
34
秋，七月，秦主登攻竇沖於野人堡，沖求救於後秦。 尹緯言於後秦主萇曰：「太子仁厚之稱，著於遠近，而英略未著，請使擊苻以著之。」 萇從之。 太子興將兵攻胡空堡，登解沖圍以赴之。 興因襲平涼。 大獲而歸。 萇使興還鎮長安。
In autumn, in the seventh month, Yao Deng attacked Dou Chong at Yeren Fort; Chong appealed to Later Qin for help. Yin Wei told Yao Chang, "The crown prince's reputation for kindness is known far and wide, but his martial renown is not yet established. Send him against the Fu clan to establish it." Chang agreed. Crown Prince Yao Xing attacked Hukong Fort; Deng lifted the siege of Chong and marched to meet him. Xing then raided Pingliang. He took great booty and returned. Chang sent Xing back to guard Chang'an.
35
魏王珪以薛干太悉伏不送劉勃勃，八月，襲其城，屠之，太悉伏奔秦。
Wei ruler Tuoba Gui, because the Xuegan chief Taisifu would not surrender Liu Bobo, assaulted his city in the eighth month, slaughtered it, and Taisifu fled to Qin.
36
氐帥楊佛嵩叛，奔後秦，楊佺期、趙睦追之，九月，丙戌，敗佛嵩於潼關。 後秦將姚崇救佛嵩，敗晉兵，趙睦死。
Di chieftain Yang Fosong rebelled and fled to Later Qin; Yang Quanqi and Zhao Mu pursued him and, in the ninth month on bingxu, defeated him at Tong Pass. Later Qin general Yao Chong rescued Fosong, defeated Jin troops, and Zhao Mu was killed.
37
冬，十月，後秦主萇疾甚，還長安。
In winter, in the tenth month, Yao Chang's illness grew grave and he returned to Chang'an.
38
燕主垂議伐西燕，諸將皆曰：「永未有釁，我連年征討，士卒疲弊，未可也。」 范陽王德曰：「永既國之枝葉，又僭舉位號，惑民視聽，宜行先除之，以壹民心。 士卒雖疲，庸得已乎！」 垂曰：「司徒意正與吾同。 吾比老，叩囊底智，足以取之，終不復留此賊以累子孫也。」 遂戒嚴。
Murong Chui discussed attacking Western Yan. His generals said, "Yong has given no cause for war; we have campaigned year after year and the troops are exhausted—it cannot be done." Murong De of Fanyang said, "Yong is kin of our house yet has presumptuously taken royal titles and misled the people. We should remove him first and unify hearts. Though the troops are weary, how can we stop now!" Chui said, "The Minister over the Masses thinks as I do. I am old now, but the last of my wits is enough to take him. I will not leave this rogue to burden my descendants." He then mobilized the army.
39
十一月，垂發中山步騎七萬，遣鎮西將軍丹楊王纘，〔瓚〕、龍驤將軍張崇出井陘，攻西燕武鄉公友於晉陽，征東將軍平規攻鎮東將軍段平於沙亭。 西燕主永遣其尚書令刁雲、車騎將軍慕容鐘帥眾五萬守潞川。 友，永之弟也。 十二月，垂至鄴。
In the eleventh month Chui marched from Zhongshan with seventy thousand infantry and cavalry, sent General Who Guards the West Murong Zuan of Danyang and Dragon Cavalry General Zhang Chong through Jingxing against You, Duke of Wuxiang of Western Yan, at Jinyang, and General Who Conquers the East Ping Gui against Duan Ping at Shating. Murong Yong sent his Director of the Masters of Writing Diao Yun and General of Chariots and Cavalry Murong Zhong with fifty thousand men to hold Luchuan. You was Yong's younger brother. In the twelfth month Chui reached Ye.
40
己亥，後秦主萇召太尉姚旻、僕射尹緯、姚晃、將軍姚大目、尚書狄伯支入禁中，受遺詔輔政。 萇謂太子興曰：「有毀此諸公者，慎勿受之。 汝撫骨肉以恩，接大臣以禮，待物以信，遇民以仁，四者不失，吾無憂矣。」 姚晃垂涕問取苻登之策，萇曰：「今大業垂成，興才智足辦，奚所復問！」 庚子，萇卒。 興秘不發喪，以其叔父緒鎮安定，碩德鎮陰密，弟崇守長安。 或謂碩德曰：「公威名素重，部曲最強，今易世之際，必為朝廷所疑，不如且奔秦州，觀望事勢。」 碩德曰：「太子志度寬明，必無它慮。 今苻登未滅而骨肉相攻，是自亡也。 吾有死而已，終不為也。」 遂往見興，興優禮而遣之。 興自稱是大將軍，以尹緯為長史，狄伯支為司馬，帥眾伐秦。
On jihai Yao Chang summoned Grand Commandant Yao Min, Director Yin Wei, Yao Huang, General Yao Damu, and Master of Writing Di Bozhi into the inner palace to receive his deathbed edict and assist the government. Chang told Crown Prince Xing, "If anyone slanders these men, do not believe it. Treat kin with kindness, ministers with courtesy, affairs with trustworthiness, and the people with benevolence—keep these four and I need not worry." Yao Huang wept and asked how to defeat Fu Deng. Chang said, "The great enterprise is nearly done; Xing's talent is enough—what more is there to ask!" On gengzi Chang died. Xing kept the death secret. He posted his uncle Xu at Anding, Shuode at Yinmi, and his brother Chong at Chang'an. Someone told Shuode, "Your prestige is great and your following the strongest. At a change of reign the court will surely suspect you—better flee to Qinzhou and watch events." Shuode said, "The crown prince is generous and clear-minded; he will harbor no other designs. Fu Deng is not yet destroyed, yet kin turn on kin—that is self-destruction. I would rather die than do it." He went to see Xing, who received him with honor and sent him on his way. Xing styled himself Grand General, made Yin Wei Chief Clerk and Di Bozhi Marshal, and marched against Qin.
41
烈宗孝武皇帝下太元十九年
Under Emperor Xiaowu of the Liezong: the nineteenth year of Taiyuan.
42
春，正月，秦主登聞後秦主萇卒，喜曰：「姚興小兒，吾折杖笞之耳。」 乃大赦，盡眾而東，留司徒安成王廣守雍，太子崇守胡空堡； 遣使拜金城王乾歸為左丞相、河南王，領秦、梁、益、涼、沙五州牧，加九錫。 初，禿髮思復鞬卒，子烏孤立。 烏孤雄勇有大志，與大將紛陀謀取涼州。 紛陀曰：「公必欲得涼州，宜先務農講武，禮俊賢，修政刑，然後可也。」 烏孤從之。 三河王光遣使拜烏孤冠軍大將軍、河西鮮卑大都統。 烏孤與其群下謀之曰； 「可受乎？」 皆曰：「吾士馬眾多，何為屬人？」 石真若留不對，烏孤曰：「卿畏呂光邪？」 石真若留曰：「吾本根未固，小大非敵，若光致死於我，何以待之？ 不如受，以驕之，俟釁而動，蔑不克矣。」 烏孤乃受之。
In spring, in the first month, Yao Deng heard that Yao Chang had died and rejoiced, "That boy Yao Xing—I can break a stick and beat him." He proclaimed a general amnesty, marched east with his whole army, left Minister over the Masses Murong Guang of Ancheng at Yong, and Crown Prince Chong at Hukong Fort; and sent envoys to invest Qifu Gangui, King of Jincheng, as Left Chancellor and King of Henan, Governor of five provinces, with the Nine Bestowals. Earlier, Tufa Sifujian died and his son Wuji succeeded him. Wuji was bold and ambitious; with his great general Fentuo he plotted to seize Liangzhou. Fentuo said, "If you mean to take Liangzhou, first promote farming and drill the troops, honor worthy men, and reform law and government—only then." Wuji agreed. Lü Guang sent envoys to invest Wuji as General-in-Chief of Champions and Grand Commander of the Hexi Xianbei. Wuji consulted his followers: "Should we accept?" All said, "Our warriors and horses are many—why submit to another?" Shi Zhenru was silent. Wuji said, "Do you fear Lü Guang?" Shi Zhenru said, "Our roots are not yet firm; we are no match for him. If Guang stakes everything against us, how shall we answer? Better accept and make him arrogant; wait for an opening and strike—then we cannot fail." Wuji accepted.
43
二月，秦主登攻屠各姚奴、帛蒲二堡，克之。
In the second month Yao Deng attacked the Tuge forts of Yao Nu and Bo Pu and took them.
44
燕主垂留清河公會鎮鄴，發司、冀、青、兗兵，遣太原王楷出滏口，遼西王農出壺關，垂自出沙庭，以擊西燕，標榜所趣，軍各就頓。 西燕主永聞之，嚴兵分道拒守，聚糧台壁，遣從子征東將軍小逸豆歸、鎮東將軍王次多、右將軍勒馬駒帥眾萬餘人戍之。
Murong Chui left Murong Hui of Qinghe at Ye, mobilized troops from four provinces, sent Murong Kai of Taiyuan through Fukou and Murong Nong of Liaoxi through Huguan, and marched from Shating himself against Western Yan. Each column marched to its assigned camp. Murong Yong heard and drew up his forces on separate routes, stored grain at Taibi, and sent his nephew General Who Conquers the East Xiao Yidougui, General Who Guards the East Wang Ciduo, and Right General Lemaju with more than ten thousand men to garrison it.
45
夏，四月，秦主登自六陌趣廢橋，後秦始平太守姚詳據馬嵬堡以拒之。 太子興遣尹緯將兵救詳，緯據廢橋以待秦。 秦兵爭水，不能得，渴死者什二、三，因急攻緯。 興馳遣狄伯支謂緯曰：「苻登窮寇，宜持重以挫之。」 緯曰：「先帝登遐，人情擾懼，今不因思奮之力以禽敵，大事去矣！」 遂與秦戰，秦兵大敗。 其夜，秦眾潰，登單騎奔雍。 太子崇及安成王廣聞敗，皆棄城走； 登至，無所歸，乃奔平涼，收集遺眾，入馬毛山。
In summer, in the fourth month, Yao Deng marched from Liumo toward Feiqiao; Later Qin Administrator of Shiping Yao Xiang held Mawei Fort against him. Crown Prince Xing sent Yin Wei to rescue Xiang; Wei held Feiqiao to await Qin. Qin troops fought for water and could not get it; two or three in ten died of thirst, and they pressed a fierce attack on Wei. Xing urgently sent Di Bozhi to tell Wei, "Fu Deng is cornered—hold steady and wear him down." Wei said, "The late emperor is gone and hearts are unsettled. If we do not seize the enemy now with the force of grief and resolve, all is lost!" He gave battle and Qin was routed. That night the Qin army collapsed; Deng fled alone on horseback to Yong. Crown Prince Chong and Murong Guang of Ancheng heard of the defeat and abandoned their cities; when Deng arrived he had nowhere to turn; he fled to Pingliang, gathered the remnants, and entered Maomao Mountain.
46
燕主垂頓軍鄴西南，月餘不進。 西燕主永怪之，以為太行道寬，疑垂欲詭道取之，乃悉斂諸軍屯軹關，杜太行口，惟留台壁一軍。 甲戌，垂引大軍出滏口，入天井關。 五月，乙酉，燕軍至台壁，永遣從兄太尉大逸豆歸救之，平規擊破之。 小逸豆歸出戰，遼西王農又擊破之，斬勒馬駒，禽王次多，遂圍台壁。 永召太行軍還，自將精兵五萬以拒之。 刁雲、慕容鐘震怖，帥眾降燕，永誅其妻子。 己亥，垂陳於台壁南，遣驍騎將軍慕容國伏千騎於澗下。 庚子，與永合戰，垂偽退，永眾追之，行數里，國騎從澗中出，斷其後，諸軍四面俱進，大破之，斬首八千餘級，永走歸長子。 晉陽守將聞之，棄城走。 丹楊王瓚等進取晉陽。
Murong Chui halted southwest of Ye for more than a month without advancing. Murong Yong found it strange; thinking the Taihang route open, he suspected Chui meant to outflank him. He massed his armies at Zhiguan, blocked the Taihang passes, and left only one force at Taibi. On jiaxu Chui led his main force through Fukou into Tianjing Pass. In the fifth month, on yiyou, Yan reached Taibi. Yong sent his cousin Grand Commandant Da Yidougui to relieve it; Ping Gui defeated him. Xiao Yidougui sallied out; Murong Nong of Liaoxi defeated him again, beheaded Lemaju, captured Wang Ciduo, and besieged Taibi. Yong recalled his Taihang forces and led fifty thousand picked troops against him. Diao Yun and Murong Zhong, terrified, surrendered to Yan; Yong executed their families. On jihai Chui formed battle lines south of Taibi and hid a thousand cavalry under Valiant Cavalry General Murong Guo in the ravine below. On gengzi he fought Yong. Chui feigned retreat; Yong pursued. After several li Murong Guo's cavalry burst from the ravine and cut off their rear; Yan forces closed from all sides, killed more than eight thousand, and Yong fled to Changzi. The Jinyang garrison heard and abandoned the city. Murong Zuan of Danyang and others advanced to take Jinyang.
47
後秦太子先始發喪，即皇帝位於槐里，大赦，改元皇初，遂如安定。 謚後秦主萇曰武昭皇帝，廟號太祖。
The Later Qin crown prince announced mourning, ascended the throne at Huaili, proclaimed a general amnesty, adopted the era name Huangchu, and went to Anding. He gave Yao Chang the posthumous title Martial and Illustrious Emperor, with temple name Taizu.
48
六月，壬子，追尊會稽王太妃鄭氏曰簡文宣太后。 群臣謂宣太后應配食元帝，太子前率徐邈曰：「宣太后平素之時，不伉儷於先帝。 至於子孫，豈可為祖考立配！」 國學明教東莞臧燾曰：「今尊號既正，則罔極之情申； 別建寢廟，則嚴檷之義顯； 系子為稱，兼明貴之所由。 一舉而允三義，不亦善乎？」 乃立廟於太廟路西。
In the sixth month, on renzi, Lady Zheng, consort of the Prince of Kuaiji, was posthumously honored as Empress Dowager Jianwenxuan. Ministers said Empress Dowager Xuan should share sacrifices with Emperor Yuan. Xu Miao, Leader of the Heir Apparent's Front Guard, said, "In life Empress Dowager Xuan was not a proper consort to the late emperor. As for descendants, how can we pair her with an ancestral grandfather!" Zang Tao of Dongguan, Instructor of the National University, said, "Now that her honored title is settled, boundless filial feeling is expressed; if a separate temple is built, the principle of honoring father and mother in their proper stations is clear; to take the son as the title also shows the source of her dignity. One act satisfying three principles—is that not best?" A temple was established west of the Imperial Ancestral Temple.
49
燕主垂進軍圍長子。 西燕主永欲奔後秦，侍中蘭英曰：「昔石虎伐龍都，太祖堅守不去，卒成大燕之基。 今垂七十老翁，厭苦兵革，終不能頓兵連歲以攻我也。 但當城守以疲之。」 永從之。
Murong Chui advanced and besieged Changzi. Murong Yong wished to flee to Later Qin. Lan Ying, Palace Attendant, said, "When Shi Hu attacked Longdu, our founding ancestor held firm and in the end secured Great Yan's foundation. Chui is a seventy-year-old man, weary of war—he cannot camp here year after year against us. We need only hold the walls and wear him down." Yong agreed.
50
秦主登遣其子汝陰王宗為質於河南王乾歸以請救，進封乾歸梁王，納其妹為梁王后。 乾歸遣前軍將軍乞伏益州等帥騎一萬救之。 秋，七月，登引兵出迎乾歸兵。 後秦主興自安定如涇陽，與登戰於山南，執登，殺之。 悉散其部眾，使歸農業，徙陰密三萬戶於長安，以李後賜姚晃。 益州等聞之，引兵還。 秦太子崇奔湟中，即帝位，改元延初。 謚登曰高皇帝，廟號太宗。
Yao Deng sent his son Zong, Prince of Ruyin, as hostage to Qifu Gangui, King of Henan, to seek aid; he created Gangui King of Liang and took Gangui's sister as queen. Gangui sent Forward Army General Qifu Yizhou and others with ten thousand cavalry to rescue him. In autumn, in the seventh month, Deng marched out to meet Gangui's forces. Later Qin ruler Yao Xing marched from Anding to Jingyang, fought Deng south of the mountain, captured him, and killed him. He fully dispersed Deng's troops, sent them back to farming, moved thirty thousand households from Yinmi to Chang'an, and gave Empress Li to Yao Huang. Qifu Yizhou and the others, hearing this, withdrew their troops. Qin crown prince Yao Chong fled to Huangzhong, took the throne, and changed the era name to Yanchu. He posthumously titled Deng Emperor Gao and gave him the temple name Taizong.
51
後秦安南將軍強熙、鎮遠將軍楊多叛，推竇沖為主。 後秦主興自將討之，軍至武功，多兄子良國殺多而降，熙奔秦州，衝奔汧川，汧川氐仇高執送之。
Later Qin Generals Qiang Xi and Yang Duo rebelled and made Dou Chong their leader. Later Qin ruler Yao Xing marched in person to suppress them. At Wugong, Yang Duo's nephew Liangguo killed Duo and surrendered. Xi fled to Qinzhou; Chong fled to Qianchuan, where the Di leader Qiu Gao seized and handed him over.
52
三河王光以子覆為都督玉門以西諸軍事、西域大都護，鎮高昌，命大臣子弟隨之。
King of Three Rivers Lü Guang made his son Fu commander of all forces west of Yumen and Grand Protector of the Western Regions, stationed him at Gaochang, and ordered the sons of his chief ministers to accompany him.
53
八月，己巳，尊皇太妃李氏為皇太后，居崇訓宮。
In the eighth month, on jisi, Imperial Noble Consort Lady Li was honored as empress dowager and took up residence in Chongxun Palace.
54
西燕主永困急，遣其子常山公弘等求救於雍州刺史郗恢，並獻玉璽一紐。 恢上言：「垂若並永，為患益深，不如兩存之，可以乘機雙斃。」 帝以為然，詔青、兗二州刺史王恭、豫州刺史庾楷救之。 楷，亮之孫也。 永恐晉兵不出，又遣其太子亮為質； 平規追亮，及於高都，獲之。 永又告急於魏，魏王珪遣陳留公虔、將軍庾岳帥騎五萬東渡河，屯秀容，以救之。 虔，紇根之子也。 晉、魏兵皆未至，大逸豆歸部將伐勤等開門內燕兵，燕人執永，斬之，並斬其公卿大將刁雲、大逸豆歸等三十餘人，得永所統八郡七萬餘戶及秦乘輿、服御、伎樂、珍寶甚眾。 燕主垂以丹楊王瓚為并州刺史，鎮晉陽； 宜都王鳳為雍州刺史，鎮長子。 永尚書僕射昌黎屈遵、尚書陽平王德、秘書監中山李先、太子詹事渤海封則、黃門郎太山胡母亮、中書郎張騰、尚書郎燕郡公孫表皆隨才擢敘。
Western Yan ruler Murong Yong, hard pressed, sent his son Hong, Duke of Changshan, and others to beg aid from Xi Hui, Inspector of Yong Province, and also presented an imperial seal. Hui memorialized the throne: "If Chui swallows Yong, the danger will only deepen. Better to let both survive so we can seize the moment and destroy them both." The emperor agreed and ordered Wang Gong, Inspector of Qing and Yan, and Yu Kai, Inspector of Yu, to go to his aid. Kai was Yu Liang's grandson. Fearing that Jin troops would not march out, Yong also sent Crown Prince Liang as hostage; Ping Gui pursued Liang, caught up with him at Gaodu, and captured him. Yong also appealed to Wei. Wei King Tuoba Gui sent Chenliu Duke Que and General Yu Yue with fifty thousand cavalry east across the Yellow River to encamp at Xiurong and rescue him. Que was the son of Hela Gen. Before Jin or Wei troops arrived, Dayidougui's officer Faqin and others opened the gates to Yan forces. The Yan seized Yong and executed him, along with more than thirty of his ministers and generals, including Diao Yun and Dayidougui. They took the eight commanderies and more than seventy thousand households under Yong's rule, as well as Qin's imperial carriages, regalia, performers, and a great store of treasures. Yan ruler Murong Chui made Dan'yang Wang Zan Inspector of Bing Province and stationed him at Jinyang; and Yidu Wang Feng Inspector of Yong Province, stationed at Changzi. Yong's former officials—Vice Director Qu Zun of Changli, Master of Writing Murong De of Yangping, Secretariat Director Li Xian of Zhongshan, Heir Apparent Tutor Feng Ze of Bohai, Gentleman at the Yellow Gate Humu Liang of Taishan, Palace Secretariat Gentleman Zhang Teng, and Masters of Writing Gentleman Gongsun Biao of Yanzhi—were all promoted according to their abilities.
55
九月，垂自長子如鄴。
In the ninth month, Chui went from Changzi to Ye.
56
冬，十月，秦主崇為梁王乾歸所逐，奔隴西王楊定。 定留司馬邵強守秦州，帥眾二萬與崇共攻乾歸，乾歸遣涼州牧軻彈、秦州牧益州、立義將軍詰歸帥騎三萬拒之。 益州與定戰，敗於平州。 軻彈、詰歸皆引退，軻彈司馬翟□奮劍怒曰：「主上以雄武開基，所向無敵，威振秦、蜀。 將軍以宗室居元帥之任，當竭力致命以佐國家。 今秦州雖敗，二軍尚全，奈何望風退衄，將何面以見主上乎？ □雖無任，獨不能以便宜斬將軍乎？」 軻彈謝曰：「向者未知眾心何如耳。 果能如是，吾敢愛死？」 乃帥騎進戰，益州、詰歸亦勒兵繼之，大敗定兵，殺定及崇，斬首萬七千級。 乾歸於是盡有隴西之地。
In winter, in the tenth month, Qin ruler Yao Chong was driven off by Liang King Qifu Gangui and fled to Longxi King Yang Ding. Ding left Sima Shao Qiang to hold Qinzhou and led twenty thousand men with Chong to attack Gangui. Gangui sent Liangzhou Governor Kepan, Qinzhou Governor Qifu Yizhou, and General Who Establishes Righteousness Jigui with thirty thousand cavalry to oppose them. Yizhou fought Ding and was defeated at Pingzhou. Kepan and Jigui both withdrew. Kepan's chief clerk Zhai Wei drew his sword and said angrily, "Our lord founded his realm with heroic martial prowess; none could stand before him, and his prestige shook Qin and Shu. You are of the imperial clan and hold command—you should spend yourself unto death for the state. Qinzhou has fallen, yet two armies remain intact—why flee at the first setback? What face will you show our lord? I may lack rank, but cannot I execute you on my own authority?" Kepan apologized: "I did not know before how the men felt. If you truly mean that, how dare I spare my life?" He then led his cavalry forward. Yizhou and Jigui rallied their troops and followed, crushing Ding's army, killing Ding and Chong, and taking seventeen thousand heads. Gangui thereby came to hold all of Longxi.
57
定無子，其叔父佛狗之子盛，先守仇池，自稱征西將軍、秦州刺史、仇池公，謚定為武王，仍遣使來稱籓。 秦太子宣奔盛，盛分氐、羌為二十部護軍，各為鎮戍，不置郡縣。
Ding had no son. His uncle Fogou's son Sheng, who had been holding Qiuchi, styled himself General Who Conquers the West, Inspector of Qin Province, and Duke of Qiuchi, posthumously titled Ding King Wu, and sent envoys to declare vassalage. Qin crown prince Xuan fled to Sheng. Sheng divided the Di and Qiang into twenty army protectorates, each with its own garrison, and set up no commanderies or counties.
58
燕主垂東巡陽平、平原，命遼西王農濟河，與安南將軍尹國略地青、兗。 農攻廩丘，國攻陽城，皆拔之。 東平太守韋簡戰死，高平、太山、琅邪諸郡皆委城奔潰，農進軍臨海，遍置守宰。
Yan ruler Chui toured east through Yangping and Pingyuan, ordered Liaoxi Wang Murong Nong to cross the river, and with General Who Pacifies the South Yin Guo to seize land in Qing and Yan. Nong took Linqiu and Guo took Yangcheng. Dongping Administrator Wei Jian fell in battle. Gaoping, Taishan, Langya, and other commanderies abandoned their cities and fled. Nong marched to the coast and installed officials throughout the region.
59
柔然曷多汗棄其父，與社侖帥眾西走； 魏長孫肥追之，及於上郡跋那山，斬曷多汗。 社侖收其餘眾數百，奔疋候跋，疋候跋處之南鄙。 社侖襲疋候跋，殺之； 疋候跋子啟跋、吳頡等皆奔魏。 社侖掠五原以西諸部，走度漠北。
The Rouran chief Yedouhan abandoned his father and fled west with Shelun; Wei commander Zhangsun Fei pursued them, caught up at Banashan in Shang Commandery, and killed Yedouhan. Shelun gathered several hundred survivors and fled to Pihou Ba, who settled them on his southern frontier. Shelun attacked Pihou Ba and killed him; Pihou Ba's sons Qiba, Wu Ti, and others all fled to Wei. Shelun raided the tribes west of Wuyuan and fled north across the desert.
60
十一月，燕遼西王農敗辟閭渾於龍水，遂入臨淄。 十二月，燕主垂召農等還。
In the eleventh month, Yan's Liaoxi Wang Nong defeated Pilü Hun on the Long River and entered Linzi. In the twelfth month, Yan ruler Chui recalled Nong and the others.
61
秦主興遣使與燕結好，並送太子寶之子敏於燕，燕封敏為河東公。
Qin ruler Yao Xing sent envoys to make peace with Yan and sent Crown Prince Murong Bao's son Min to Yan; Yan created Min Duke of Hedong.
62
梁王乾歸自稱秦王，大赦。
Liang King Qifu Gangui styled himself King of Qin and proclaimed a general amnesty.
63
烈宗孝武皇帝下太元二十年
Under Emperor Xiaowu of the Liezong: the twentieth year of Taiyuan.
64
春，正月，燕主垂遣散騎常侍封則報聘於秦； 遂自平原狩於廣川、勃海、長樂而歸。
In spring, in the first month, Yan ruler Chui sent Regular Palace Attendant Feng Ze on a return mission to Qin; then hunted from Pingyuan through Guangchuan, Bohai, and Changle and returned.
65
西秦王乾歸以太子熾磐領尚書令，左長史邊芮為左僕射，右長史秘宜為右僕射，置官皆如魏武、晉文故事，然猶稱大單于、大將軍。 邊芮等領府佐如故。
Western Qin King Gangui made Crown Prince Qifu Chipan head of the Masters of Writing, Left Chief Clerk Bian Rui Left Vice Director, and Right Chief Clerk Mi Yi Right Vice Director, establishing offices on the model of Cao Wu and Jin Wen, yet still styled himself Grand Chanyu and Grand General. Bian Rui and the others continued to head the headquarters staff as before.
66
薛干太悉伏自長安亡歸嶺北，上郡以西鮮卑雜胡皆應之。
Xuegan chief Taixifu fled Chang'an for the country north of the ridges, and Xianbei and mixed tribes west of Shang Commandery all rallied to him.
67
二月，甲寅，尚書令陸納卒。
In the second month, on jiayin, Director of the Masters of Writing Lu Na died.
68
三月，庚辰朔，日有食之。
In the third month, on the first day gengchen, there was a solar eclipse.
69
皇太子出就東宮，以丹楊尹王雅領少傅。
The crown prince moved to the Eastern Palace, and Dan'yang Prefect Wang Ya was made Junior Tutor.
70
時會稽王道子專權奢縱，嬖人趙牙本出倡優，茹千秋本錢唐捕賊吏，皆以諂賂得進。 道子以牙為魏郡太守，千秋為驃騎咨議參軍。 牙為道子開東第，築山穿池，功用巨萬。 帝嘗幸其第，謂道子曰：「府內乃有山，甚善； 然修飾太過。」 道子無以對。 帝去，道子謂牙曰：「上若知山是人力所為，爾必死矣！」 牙曰：「公在，牙何敢死！」 營作彌甚。 千秋賣官招權，聚貨累億。 博平令吳興聞人奭上疏言之，帝益惡道子，而逼於太后，不忍廢黜，乃擢時望及所親幸王恭、卻恢、殷仲堪、王珣、王雅等，使居內外要任以防道子。 道子亦引王國及國寶從弟琅邪內史緒，以為心腹。 由是朋黨競起，無復向時友愛之歡矣； 太后每和解之。 中書侍郎徐邈從容言於帝曰：「漢文明主，猶悔淮南； 世祖聰達，負愧齊王。 兄弟之際，實為深慎。 會稽王雖有酣媟之累，宜加弘貸，消散群議，外為國家之計，內慰太后之心。」 帝納之，復委任道子如故。
Prince of Kuaiji Sima Daozi held sole power and lived in luxury. His favorite Zhao Ya had been an entertainer, and Ru Qianqiu a thief-catching clerk in Qiantang; both had risen through flattery and bribery. Daozi made Ya Administrator of Wei Commandery and Qianqiu Consulting Aide to the Rapid Cavalry. Ya built Daozi an Eastern Residence, piling hills and digging ponds at enormous expense. The emperor once visited the residence and said to Daozi, "A mountain inside the mansion is splendid; but the ornamentation is excessive." Daozi had no reply. After the emperor left, Daozi said to Ya, "If His Majesty learns the mountain was made by hand, you will surely die!" Ya said, "While you live, how dare I die!" Construction grew ever more lavish. Qianqiu sold offices for power and amassed wealth in the hundreds of millions. Boping Magistrate Wenren Shi of Wuxing memorialized about this. The emperor hated Daozi all the more, but bound by the empress dowager could not bear to remove him. He therefore promoted men of standing and personal favorites—Wang Gong, Que Hui, Yin Zhongkan, Wang Xun, and Wang Ya—and placed them in key posts at court and in the provinces to check Daozi. Daozi also brought in Wang Guo and Guo's maternal cousin Xu, Interior Secretary of Langya, as his trusted men. Partisan factions then sprang up, and the old bonds of friendship were gone; the empress dowager repeatedly tried to reconcile them. Palace Secretariat Vice Director Xu Miao spoke calmly to the emperor: "Emperor Wen of Han, though enlightened, still regretted Huainan; Emperor Wu, though perspicacious, bore guilt toward the Prince of Qi. Between brothers, one must be deeply cautious. Though the Prince of Kuaiji has faults of drunken excess, he should be treated with broad forbearance, public talk quieted, outwardly for the state's sake and inwardly to comfort the empress dowager." The emperor accepted this and restored Daozi to his former trust.
71
初，楊定之死也，天水姜乳襲據上邽； 夏，四月，西秦王乾歸遣乞伏益州帥騎六千討之。 左僕射邊芮、民部尚書王松壽曰：「益州屢勝而驕，不可專任。 必以輕敵取敗。」 乾歸曰：「益州驍勇，諸將莫及，當以重佐輔之耳。」 乃以平北將軍韋虔為長史，左禁將軍務和為司馬。 至大寒嶺，益州不設部伍，聽將士游畋縱飲，令曰：「敢言軍事者斬！」 虔等諫不聽，乳逆擊，大破之。
Earlier, when Yang Ding died, Jiang Ru of Tianshui seized Shanggui; In summer, in the fourth month, Western Qin King Gangui sent Qifu Yizhou with six thousand cavalry to suppress him. Left Vice Director Bian Rui and Minister of the People Wang Songshou said, "Yizhou has grown arrogant after repeated victories and cannot be left in sole command. He is sure to fall through underestimating the enemy." Gangui said, "Yizhou is the bravest of our generals—he needs only weighty assistants to support him." He then made General Who Pacifies the North Wei Qian chief clerk and Left Prohibitions General Wu He army supervisor. At Dahan Ridge, Yizhou formed no battle lines, let his men hunt and drink freely, and ordered, "Whoever speaks of military matters shall be beheaded!" Qian and the others remonstrated in vain; Ru counterattacked and crushed them.
72
魏王珪叛燕，侵逼附塞諸部。 五月，甲戌，燕主垂遣太子寶、遼西王農、趙王麟帥眾八萬，自五原伐魏，范陽王德、陳留王紹別將步騎萬八千為後繼。 散騎常侍高湖諫曰：「魏與燕世為昏姻，彼有內難，燕實存之，其施德厚矣，結好久矣。 間以求馬不獲而留其弟，曲在於我，奈何遽興兵擊之！ 拓跋涉珪沉勇有謀，幼歷艱難，兵精馬強，未易輕也。 皇太子富於春秋，志果氣銳，今委之專征，必小魏而易之，萬一不如所欲，傷威毀重，願陛下深圖之！」 言頗激切。 垂怒，免湖官。 湖，泰之子也。
Wei King Tuoba Gui rebelled against Yan and pressed the frontier tribes. In the fifth month, on jiaxu, Yan ruler Chui sent Crown Prince Murong Bao, Liaoxi Wang Nong, and Zhao Wang Murong Lin with eighty thousand men from Wuyuan against Wei; Fanyang Wang Murong De and Chenliu Wang Murong Shao followed with eighteen thousand foot and horse. Regular Palace Attendant Gao Hu remonstrated: "Wei and Yan have been marriage kin for generations. When Wei had internal troubles, Yan preserved them—the grace was deep and the bond long. Recently we sought horses in vain and detained his brother—the fault was ours. How can we suddenly march against them! Tuoba Shegui is deep, brave, and scheming; he has known hardship since youth; his troops are elite and his horses strong—not to be taken lightly. The crown prince is young, resolute, and eager; given sole command, he is sure to underestimate Wei. If things go wrong, prestige will be lost—I beg Your Majesty to think deeply on this!" His words were sharp and urgent. Chui was angry and dismissed Hu from office. Hu was the son of Tai.
73
六月，癸丑，燕太原元王楷卒。
In the sixth month, on guichou, Yan's Taiyuan Yuan Wang Murong Kai died.
74
西秦王乾歸遷於西城。
Western Qin King Gangui moved his capital to Xicheng.
75
秋，七月，三河王光帥眾十萬伐西秦，西秦左輔密貴周、左衛將軍莫者羖羝勸西秦王乾歸稱籓於光，以子敕勃為質。 光引兵還，乾歸悔之，殺周及羖羝。
In autumn, in the seventh month, King of Three Rivers Lü Guang led one hundred thousand men against Western Qin. Western Qin's Left Assistant Mi Gui Zhou and Left Guard General Mozhe Gudi urged Gangui to submit to Guang and send his son Chibo as hostage. Guang withdrew; Gangui regretted it and had Zhou and Gudi killed.
76
魏張兗聞燕軍將至，言於魏王珪曰：「燕狃於滑台、長子之捷，竭國之資力以來。 有輕我之心。 宜羸形以驕之，乃可克也。」 珪從之，悉徙部落畜產西渡河千餘里以避之。 燕軍至五原，降魏別部三萬餘家，收穄田百餘萬斛，置黑城，進軍臨河，造船為濟具。 珪遣右司馬許謙乞師於秦。
Zhang Gun of Wei, hearing that Yan's army was approaching, said to Wei King Tuoba Gui, "Yan, emboldened by its victories at Huatai and Changzi, has exhausted the state's resources to come. They underestimate us. We should appear weak to make them arrogant—only then can we defeat them." Gui agreed and moved all tribes and livestock more than a thousand li west across the river to avoid them. Yan's army reached Wuyuan, reduced Wei detachments of more than thirty thousand households, gathered over a million hu of millet from the fields, established Black City, advanced to Linhe, and built boats for crossing the river. Tuoba Gui sent Right Vice-Marshal Xu Qian to Qin to request reinforcements.
77
禿髮烏孤擊乙弗、折掘等諸部，皆破降之，築廉川堡而都之。 廣武趙振，少好奇略，聞烏孤在廉川，棄家從之。 烏孤喜曰：「吾得趙生，大事濟矣！」 拜左司馬。 三河王光封烏孤為廣武郡公。
Tufa Wugu attacked the Yifu, Zhejue, and other tribes, defeated them all and accepted their surrender, then built Lianchuan Fort and made it his capital. Zhao Zhen of Guangwu had been drawn to bold stratagems since youth; hearing that Wugu was at Lianchuan, he left his family and joined him. Wugu said with delight, "With Master Zhao at my side, great things can be accomplished!" He appointed him Left Vice-Marshal. King of Three Rivers Lü Guang enfeoffed Wugu as Duke of Guangwu Commandery.
78
有長星見自須女，至於哭星。 帝心惡之，於華林園舉酒祝之曰：「長星，勸汝一杯酒。 自古何有萬歲天子邪！」
A long-tailed comet appeared, stretching from the Maiden constellation to the Weeping Star. The emperor took it as an ill omen. In Hualin Garden he raised a cup and toasted the comet: "Long comet, here is a cup of wine for you. Since antiquity, when has there ever been an emperor who lived ten thousand years!"
79
八月，魏王珪治兵河南。 九月，進軍臨河。 燕太子寶列兵將濟，暴風起，漂其船數十艘洎南岸。 魏獲其甲士三百餘人，皆釋而遣之。
In the eighth month, Wei King Tuoba Gui mustered his troops south of the Yellow River. In the ninth month, he advanced to Linhe. Yan Crown Prince Murong Bao drew up his troops to cross the river when a sudden storm arose and swept dozens of boats onto the south bank. Wei captured more than three hundred armored soldiers and released them all.
80
寶之發中山也，燕主垂已有疾，既至五原，珪使人邀中山之路，伺其使者，盡執之，寶等數月不聞垂起居，珪使所執使者臨河告之曰：「若父已死，何不早歸！」 寶等憂恐，士卒駭動。
When Bao marched from Zhongshan, Yan ruler Murong Chui was already ill. After the Yan army reached Wuyuan, Tuoba Gui posted men along the road to Zhongshan, intercepted every messenger, and seized them. For months Bao heard nothing of Chui's condition. Gui then had the captured messengers come to the river and announce, "Your father is dead—why not return at once!" Bao and his officers were stricken with fear, and the troops were thrown into panic.
81
珪使陳留公虔將五萬騎屯河東，東平公儀將十萬騎屯河北，略陽公遵將七萬騎塞燕軍之南。 遵，壽烏之子也。 秦興遣楊佛嵩將兵救魏。 燕術士靳安言於太子寶曰：「天時不利，燕必大敗，速去可免。」 寶不聽。 安退，告人曰：「吾輩皆當棄屍草野，不得歸矣！」
Tuoba Gui posted Duke of Chenliu Qian with fifty thousand cavalry east of the river, Duke of Dongping Yi with one hundred thousand cavalry north of the river, and Duke of Lueyang Zun with seventy thousand cavalry to block the Yan army from the south. Zun was the son of Shouwu. Later Qin ruler Yao Xing sent Yang Fosong with an army to aid Wei. Yan diviner Jin An said to Crown Prince Bao, "The times are against us; Yan is doomed to a great defeat. Withdraw now and you may yet escape." Bao refused to listen. An withdrew and told others, "We shall all leave our bones in the wild grass and never see home again!"
82
燕、魏相持積旬，趙王麟將慕輿嵩等以垂為實死，謀作亂，奉麟為主。 事洩，嵩等皆死，寶、麟等內自疑，冬，十月，辛未，燒船夜遁。 時河冰未結，寶以魏兵必不能渡，不設斥候。 十一月，己卯，暴風，冰合。 魏王珪引兵濟河，留輜重，選精銳二萬餘騎急追之。
Yan and Wei remained locked in stalemate for weeks. Zhao Wang Murong Lin and Murong Song, believing Chui was truly dead, plotted a revolt to install Lin as ruler. The plot was exposed; Song and his co-conspirators were executed. Bao, Lin, and the others grew suspicious of one another. In winter, the tenth month, on xinwei, they burned their boats and fled by night. The river had not yet frozen, and Bao assumed the Wei army could not cross; he posted no scouts. In the eleventh month, on jimao, a sudden storm came and the river froze solid. Wei King Tuoba Gui crossed the river with his army, left the baggage train behind, and chose more than twenty thousand elite cavalry to pursue in haste.
83
燕軍至參合陂，有大風，黑氣如堤，自軍後來，臨覆軍上。 沙門支曇猛言於寶曰：「風氣暴迅，魏兵將至之候，宜遣兵御之。」 寶以去魏軍已遠，笑而不應。 曇猛固請不已，麟怒曰：「以殿下神武，師徒之盛，足以橫行沙漠，索虜何敢遠來！ 而曇猛妄言驚眾，當斬以徇！」 曇猛泣曰：「苻氏以百萬之師，敗於淮南，正由恃眾輕敵，不信天道故也！」 司徒德勸寶從曇猛言，寶乃遣麟帥騎三萬居軍後以備非常。 麟以曇猛赤妄，縱騎遊獵，不肯設備。 寶遣騎還詗魏兵，騎和十餘里，即解鞍寢。
When the Yan army reached Canhe Marsh, a fierce wind arose and black vapor like an earthen dike rolled in from the rear, threatening to engulf the whole force. The monk Zhi Tanmeng said to Bao, "This violent wind is a sign that Wei troops are near. You should send men to meet them." Bao, believing the Wei army was already far behind, only laughed and made no reply. Tanmeng pressed his warning again and again until Lin burst out in anger: "With Your Highness's martial brilliance and this mighty army, we can sweep across the desert at will—how dare those northern barbarians come so far! Yet Tanmeng spreads false alarms among the troops—he ought to be beheaded as an example!" Tanmeng wept and said, "The Fu clan marched a million men and was crushed at Huainan—precisely because they trusted in numbers, despised their foe, and refused to heed Heaven's will!" Minister of Education Murong De urged Bao to heed Tanmeng; Bao then sent Lin with thirty thousand cavalry to hold the rear against any surprise. Lin dismissed Tanmeng as a panic-monger, let his horsemen roam on hunts, and refused to prepare any defense. Bao sent cavalry back to reconnoiter the Wei army, but after barely ten li they unsaddled their horses and went to sleep.
84
魏軍晨夜兼行，乙酉，暮，至參合陂西。 燕軍在陂東，營於蟠羊山南水上。 魏王珪夜部分諸將，掩覆燕軍，士卒銜枚束馬口潛進。 丙戌，日出，魏軍登山，下臨燕營。 燕軍將東引，顧見之，士卒大驚擾亂。 珪縱兵擊之，燕兵走赴水，人馬相騰，躡壓溺死者以萬數。 略陽公遵以兵邀其前，燕兵四五萬人，一時放仗斂手就禽，其遺迸去者不過數千人，太子寶等皆單騎僅免。 殺燕右僕陳留悼王紹，生禽魯陽王倭奴、桂林王道成、濟陰公尹國等文武將吏數千人，兵甲糧貨以巨萬計。 道成，垂之弟子也。
The Wei army marched day and night without rest; on yiyou, at dusk, they reached the west side of Canhe Marsh. The Yan army was east of the marsh, encamped on the south bank below Panyang Mountain. That night Wei King Tuoba Gui deployed his generals to surround the Yan camp; the men marched with gags in their mouths and their horses' muzzles bound. At sunrise on bingxu the Wei army climbed the heights and looked down on the Yan encampment. The Yan army was about to march east when they looked back and saw the Wei host; the troops were thrown into terror and chaos. Tuoba Gui unleashed his attack; Yan soldiers fled into the water, men and horses trampling one another; tens of thousands were crushed or drowned. Duke of Lueyang Zun blocked their path with troops; forty or fifty thousand Yan soldiers at once dropped their weapons and surrendered; only a few thousand escaped; Crown Prince Bao and the other leaders fled alone on single horses with their lives barely spared. They killed Yan's Right Deputy, Mourning King of Chenliu Murong Shao, and took alive Luoyang Wang Wonu, Guilin Wang Murong Daocheng, Duke of Jiyin Yin Guo, and thousands of civil and military officers, along with arms, armor, grain, and goods beyond count. Daocheng was a nephew of Murong Chui.
85
魏王珪擇燕臣之有才用者代郡太守廣川賈閏、閏從弟驃騎長史昌黎太守彝、太史郎遼東晁崇等留之，其餘欲悉給衣糧遣還，以招懷中州之人。 中部大人王建曰：「燕眾強盛，今傾國而來，我幸而大捷，不如悉殺之，則其國空虛，取之為易。 且獲寇而縱之，無乃不可乎！」 乃盡坑之。 十二月，珪還雲中盛樂。
Wei King Tuoba Gui kept the ablest Yan officials—Jia Run of Guangchuan, Governor of Dai Commandery; Run's cousin Yi, chief of staff to the Cavalry General and Governor of Changli; and Chao Chong of Liaodong, clerk of the Grand Astrologer—and planned to clothe and feed the rest and send them home to win over the people of the Central Plains. Central Chieftain Wang Jian said, "Yan is strong; they came with the whole nation, and we were lucky to win so decisively. Better kill them all—their state will be hollowed out and easy to take. And to capture foes only to let them go—surely that is unwise!" Then they buried them all alive. In the twelfth month, Tuoba Gui returned to Shengle in Yunzhong.
86
燕太子寶恥於參合之敗，請更擊魏。 司徒德言於燕主垂曰：「虜以參合之捷，有輕太子之心，宜及陛下神略以服之，不然，將為後患。」 垂乃以清河公會錄留台事，領幽州刺史，代高陽王隆鎮龍城； 以陽城王蘭汗為北中郎將，代長樂公盛鎮薊； 命隆、盛悉引其精兵還中山，期以明年大舉擊魏。
Yan Crown Prince Murong Bao, shamed by the defeat at Canhe, asked to strike Wei again. Minister of Education Murong De said to Yan ruler Chui, "The enemy, emboldened by Canhe, now despises the crown prince. Your Majesty should strike while your genius still commands awe, or Wei will become a lasting threat." Chui then put Duke of Qinghe Murong Hui in charge of the remaining court business as Inspector of You Province, replacing Gaoyang Wang Murong Long as garrison commander at Longcheng; made Yangcheng Wang Lanhan North General of the Gentlemen, replacing Duke of Changle Murong Sheng as garrison commander at Ji; and ordered Long and Sheng to bring all their elite troops back to Zhongshan, planning a major campaign against Wei the following year.
87
是歲，秦主興封其叔父緒為晉王，碩德為隴西王，弟崇為齊公，顯為常山公。
That year Qin ruler Yao Xing enfeoffed his uncle Yao Xu as King of Jin, Yao Shuode as King of Longxi, his younger brother Yao Chong as Duke of Qi, and Yao Xian as Duke of Changshan.
88
烈宗孝武皇帝下太元二十一年
Under Emperor Xiaowu of the Liezong: the twenty-first year of Taiyuan.
89
春，正月，燕高陽王隆引龍城之甲入中山，軍容精整，燕人之氣稍振。
In spring, the first month, Yan Gaoyang Wang Murong Long led the armored troops from Longcheng into Zhongshan; their bearing was sharp and disciplined, and Yan morale revived a little.
90
休官權萬世帥眾降西秦。 燕主垂遣征東將軍平規發兵冀州。 二月，規以博陵、武邑、長樂三郡兵反於魯口，其從子冀州刺史喜諫，不聽。 規弟海陽令翰亦起兵於遼西以應之。 垂遣鎮東將軍餘嵩擊規，嵩敗死。 垂自將擊規，軍至魯口，規棄眾，將妻子及平喜等數十人走渡河，垂引兵還。 翰引兵趣龍城，清河公會遣東陽公根等擊翰，破之，翰走山南。
Xiuguan Quan Wanshi led his followers in surrender to Western Qin. Yan ruler Murong Chui sent Eastern Campaign General Ping Gui to raise troops in Ji Province. In the second month, Gui rebelled at Lukou with the forces of Boling, Wuyi, and Changle commanderies; his nephew Xi, Inspector of Ji Province, remonstrated with him, but he would not listen. Gui's younger brother Han, magistrate of Haiyang, also raised troops in Liaoxi in support. Chui sent Eastern Garrison General Yu Song against Gui; Song was defeated and killed. Chui marched in person against Gui; when his army reached Lukou, Gui abandoned his forces, took his wife, children, Ping Xi, and a few dozen followers, and fled across the river; Chui then withdrew. Han marched on Longcheng; Duke of Qinghe Murong Hui sent Dongyang Duke Murong Gen and others against him, routed him, and Han fled south of the mountains.
91
三月，庚子，燕主垂留范陽王德守中山，引兵密發。 逾青嶺，經天門，鑿山通道，出魏不意，直指雲中。 魏陳留公虔帥部落三萬餘家鎮平城； 垂至獵嶺，以遼西王農、高陽王隆為前鋒以襲之。 是時，燕兵新敗，皆畏魏，惟龍城兵勇銳爭先。 虔素不設備，閏月，乙卯，燕軍至平城，虔乃覺之，帥麾下出戰，敗死，燕軍盡收其部落。 魏王珪震怖，欲走，諸部聞虔死，皆有貳心，珪不知所適。
In the third month, on gengzi, Yan ruler Murong Chui left Fanyang Wang Murong De to hold Zhongshan and set out in secret. He crossed Qing Ridge, passed through Heaven Gate, cut a road through the mountains, caught Wei off guard, and drove straight for Yunzhong. Wei Duke of Chenliu Qian held Pingcheng with more than thirty thousand tribal households; When Chui reached Lie Ridge, he sent Liaoxi Wang Murong Nong and Gaoyang Wang Murong Long as vanguard to strike Pingcheng. By then the Yan army, fresh from defeat, feared Wei; only the troops from Longcheng were bold and eager to fight. Qian had long neglected his defenses; in the intercalary month, on yimao, the Yan army reached Pingcheng before he realized what was happening. He led his followers out to fight, was defeated and killed, and the Yan army absorbed all his tribes. Wei King Tuoba Gui was shaken with terror and thought of flight; when the tribes heard of Qian's death, many wavered in loyalty, and Gui did not know where to turn.
92
垂之過參合陂也，見積骸如山，為之設祭，軍士皆慟哭，聲震山谷。 垂慚憤嘔血，由是發疾，乘馬輿而進，頓平城西北三十里。 太子寶等聞之，皆引還。 燕軍叛者告於魏云「垂已死，輿屍在軍。」 魏王珪欲追之，聞平城已沒，乃引還阻山。
When Chui passed Canhe Marsh and saw bones heaped like mountains, he offered sacrifice for the dead; the soldiers wailed until the sound shook the valleys. Chui, shamed and enraged, vomited blood and fell ill; he continued in a horse-drawn litter and halted thirty li northwest of Pingcheng. When Crown Prince Bao and the others heard of it, they all withdrew. Yan deserters told Wei, "Chui is dead; the army is carrying his corpse in a litter." Tuoba Gui wanted to pursue, but when he heard Pingcheng had fallen he withdrew into the mountains.
93
垂在平城積十日，疾轉篤，乃築燕昌城而還。 夏，四月，癸未，卒於上谷之沮陽，秘不發喪。 丙申，至中山； 戊戌，發喪，謚曰成武皇帝，廟號世祖。 壬寅，太子寶即位，大赦，改元永康。
Chui remained at Pingcheng ten days, but his illness worsened; he built Yanchang City and then withdrew. In summer, the fourth month, on guiwei, he died at Juyang in Shanggu; mourning was kept secret. On bingshen the procession reached Zhongshan; On wuxu mourning was announced; he was posthumously titled Emperor Chengwu and given the temple name Shizu. On renyin Crown Prince Bao ascended the throne, declared a general amnesty, and changed the era name to Yongkang.
94
五月，辛亥，以范陽王德為都督冀、兗、青、徐、荊、豫六州諸軍事、車騎大將軍、冀州牧，鎮鄴； 遼西王農為都督-{并}-、雍、益、梁、秦、涼六州諸軍事、并州牧，鎮晉陽。 又以安定王庫辱官偉為太師，夫餘王為太傅。 甲寅，以趙王麟領尚書左僕射，高陽王隆領右僕射，長樂公盛為司隸校尉，宜都王鳳為冀州刺史。
In the fifth month, on xinhai, Fanyang Wang Murong De was made commander of all military affairs for Ji, Yan, Qing, Xu, Jing, and Yu; General of Chariots and Cavalry; Governor of Ji Province; and garrisoned at Ye; Liaoxi Wang Murong Nong was made commander of all military affairs for Bing, Yong, Yi, Liang, Qin, and Liang; Governor of Bing Province; and garrisoned at Jinyang. Murong Kuruguan Wei, Prince of Anding, was made Grand Preceptor, and the Prince of Fuyu was made Grand Tutor. On jiayin Zhao Wang Murong Lin was put in charge of the Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing; Gaoyang Wang Murong Long the Right Vice Director; Duke of Changle Murong Sheng Colonel Director of Retainers; and Prince of Yidu Murong Feng Inspector of Ji Province.
95
乙卯，以散騎常侍彭城劉該為徐州刺史，鎮鄄城。
On yimao Regular Palace Attendant Liu Gai of Pengcheng was made Inspector of Xu Province and garrisoned at Juancheng.
96
甲子，以望蔡公謝琰為尚書左僕射。
On jiazi Duke of Wangcai Xie Yan was made Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing.
97
初，燕主垂先段-{后}-生子令、寶，後段-{后}-生子朗、鑒，愛諸姬子麟、農、隆、柔、熙。 寶初為太子，有美稱，已而荒怠，中外失望。 後段-{后}-嘗言於垂曰：「太子遭承平之世，足為守成之主； 今國步艱難，恐非濟世之才。 遼西、高陽二王，陛下之賢子，宜擇一人，付以大業。 趙王麟奸詐強愎，異日必為國家之患，宜早圖之。」 寶善事垂左右，左右多譽之，故垂以為賢，謂段氏曰：「汝欲使我為晉獻公乎？」 段氏泣而退，告其妹范陽王妃曰：「太子不才，天下所知，吾為社稷言之，主上乃以吾為驪姬，何其苦哉！ 觀太子必喪社稷，范陽王有非常器度，若燕祚未盡，其在王乎！」 寶及麟聞而恨之。 乙丑，使麟謂段氏曰：「-{后}-常謂主上不能守大業，今竟能不？ 宜早自裁，以全段宗！」 段氏怒曰：「汝兄弟不難逼殺其母，況能守先業乎！ 吾豈愛死，但念國亡不久耳。」 遂自殺。 寶議以段-{后}-謀廢適統，無母后之道，不宜成喪，群臣咸以為然。 中書令眭邃揚言於朝曰：「子無廢母之義，漢安恩閻-{后}-親廢順帝，猶得配饗太廟，況先-{后}-暖昧之言，虛實未可知乎？」 乃成喪。
Earlier, Yan ruler Murong Chui's first Empress Duan had borne sons Ling and Bao; his later Empress Duan bore Lang and Jian; and he favored the sons of his concubines—Lin, Nong, Long, Rou, and Xi. When Bao was first made crown prince he had a fine reputation, but later he grew negligent and idle, and court and country alike lost hope in him. Later Empress Duan once said to Chui, "In a time of peace the crown prince would be enough to preserve what has been won; but the realm is in peril now, and I fear he is not the man to save it. The Liaoxi and Gaoyang kings are worthy sons of Your Majesty; one of them should be chosen and entrusted with the great enterprise. Zhao Wang Lin is treacherous and obstinate; one day he will surely become a danger to the state, and you should deal with him early." Bao had cultivated Chui's attendants, and they praised him lavishly, so Chui thought him worthy and said to Lady Duan, "Do you want to make me into Duke Xian of Jin?" Lady Duan withdrew in tears and told her younger sister, the Princess of Fanyang, "The crown prince's inadequacy is known to all. I spoke for the sake of the realm, yet the sovereign treats me like Li Ji—how bitter this is! I can see the crown prince will ruin the state. Fanyang Wang has uncommon stature—if Yan's fortune is not yet spent, surely it rests with him!" When Bao and Lin heard this, they hated her for it. On the yichou day, Bao sent Lin to tell Lady Duan, "The empress often said our lord could not hold the realm together—has she been proved wrong? Take your own life soon, while you still can save the Duan line!" Lady Duan flared up. "Your brothers had no trouble driving your mother to her death—what hope is there that you can guard our fathers' legacy? It is not that I cling to life—I only see the kingdom falling apart before my eyes." With that she took her own life. Bao argued that Empress Duan had schemed to overturn the rightful succession and had failed the duties of an empress dowager, so she ought not receive full mourning rites. The ministers all agreed. Chief Secretary Suixuan declared openly at court, "No son may cast off his mother. Empress Yan En of Han An personally set aside Emperor Shun, yet still shared offerings in the Grand Temple—how much less may we judge a former empress on vague words whose truth is still unknown?" Full mourning was carried out after all.
98
六月，癸酉，魏王珪遣將軍王建等擊燕廣寧太守劉亢泥，斬之，徙其部落於平城。 燕上谷太守開封公詳棄郡走。 詳，之曾孫也。
In the sixth month, on guiyou, Wei King Tuoba Gui sent General Wang Jian and others against Liu Kangni, Administrator of Guangning under Yan. They killed him and resettled his people at Pingcheng. Xiang, Duke of Kaifeng and Administrator of Shanggu under Yan, abandoned his commandery and fled. Xiang was a great-grandson of Gui.
99
丁亥，魏賀太妃卒。
On dinghai, Consort He of Wei died.
100
燕主寶定士族舊籍，分辨清濁，校閱戶口，罷軍營封廕之戶，悉屬郡縣。 由是士民嗟怨，始有離心。
Murong Bao fixed the old registers of the gentry, sorted families into pure and impure ranks, audited household rolls, and abolished the privileged households tied to military camps, placing them all under civil commandery and county administration. From this the gentry and common people groaned in anger, and loyalty began to fray.
101
三河王呂光即天王位，國號大涼，大赦，改元龍飛。 備置百官，以世子紹為太子，封子弟為公侯者二十人，以中書令王詳為尚書左僕射，著作郎段業等五人為尚書。
Lü Guang, King of Three Rivers, ascended the throne as Heavenly King, named his state Great Liang, proclaimed a general amnesty, and adopted the era name Longfei. He fully staffed the bureaucracy, named his heir Shao crown prince, and enfeoffed twenty younger kinsmen as dukes and marquises. Wang Xiang, Chief Secretary, became Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, and Duan Ye and four other Editorial Directors were made Masters of Writing.
102
光遣使者拜禿髮烏孤為征南大將軍、益州牧、左賢王。 烏孤謂使者曰：「呂王諸子貪淫，三甥暴虐，遠近愁怨，吾安可違百姓之心，受不義之爵乎？ 吾當為帝王之事耳。」 乃留其鼓吹、羽儀，謝而遣之。
Lü Guang sent envoys to invest Tufa Wugu as General Who Conquers the South, Governor of Yi Province, and Left Worthy King. Wugu told the envoys, "King Lü's sons are greedy and debauched, his three nephews brutal and cruel, and resentment runs deep far and near. How could I defy the people's will and accept an unearned title? I mean to do the work of an emperor myself." He kept their ceremonial musicians and banners, politely refused the appointment, and sent the envoys home.
103
平規收合餘黨據高唐，燕主寶遣高陽王隆將兵討之。 東土之民，素懷隆惠，迎候者屬路。 秋，七月，隆進軍臨河，規棄高唐走。 隆遣建威將軍慕容進等濟河追之，斬規於濟北。 平喜奔彭城。
Ping Gui rallied the remnants of his faction and seized Gaotang. Murong Bao sent Gaoyang Wang Long at the head of an army to crush him. The people of the eastern provinces had long benefited from Long's kindness, and crowds lined the roads to welcome him. In the seventh month of autumn, Long marched to the river. Gui abandoned Gaotang and fled. Long sent Murong Jin, General Who Establishes Might, and others across the river in pursuit and killed Gui north of the Ji. Ping Xi fled to Pengcheng.
104
納故中書令王獻之女為太子妃。 獻之，羲之之子也。
The crown prince took as his consort the daughter of the late Chief Secretary Wang Xianzhi. Xianzhi was a son of the calligrapher Wang Xizhi.
105
魏群臣勸魏王珪稱尊號，珪始建天子旌旗，出警入蹕，改元皇始。 參軍事上谷張恂勸珪進取中原，珪善之。
Wei's ministers urged King Tuoba Gui to take an imperial title. He first raised the imperial banners, traveled with the full panoply of imperial escort, and changed the era name to Huangshi. Zhang Xun of Shanggu, a staff officer, urged Gui to push into the Central Plains, and Gui welcomed the advice.
106
燕遼西王農悉將部曲數萬口之并州，并州素乏儲郞。 是歲早霜，民不能供其食。 又遣諸部護軍分監諸胡，由是民夷俱怨，潛召魏軍。 八月，己亥，魏王珪大舉伐燕，步騎四十餘萬，南出馬邑，逾句注，旌旗二千餘里，鼓行而進。 左將軍雁門李栗將五萬騎為前驅，別遣將國封真等從東道出軍都，襲燕幽州。
Murong Nong, Liaoxi Wang of Yan, moved his entire personal following of tens of thousands into Bing Province, which had always been short of stored grain. That year an early frost ruined the harvest, and the people could not feed them. He also posted departmental protective generals to keep watch over the non-Han peoples, and resentment spread among both Han and non-Han alike until they began secretly inviting Wei forces in. In the eighth month, on jihai, Wei King Gui launched a massive invasion of Yan with more than four hundred thousand infantry and cavalry. They marched south from Mayi, crossed Gouzhu Pass, and advanced in a column of banners two thousand li long, drums beating all the way. Left General Li Li of Yanmen led fifty thousand horsemen as the vanguard, while Guo Fengzhen and other generals were sent separately by the eastern route through Jundu to strike at Yan's You Province.
107
燕征北大將軍、幽、平二州牧、清河公會母賤而年長，雄俊有器藝，燕主垂愛之。 寶之伐魏也，垂命會攝東宮事、總錄，禮遇一如太子。 及垂代魏，命會鎮龍城，委以東北之任，國官府佐，皆選一時才望。 垂疾篤，遺言命寶以會為嗣； 而寶愛少子濮陽公策，意不在會。 長樂公盛與會同年，恥為之下，乃與趙王麟共勸寶立策，寶從之。 乙亥，立妃段氏為皇后，策為皇太子，會、盛皆進爵為王。 策年十一，素憃弱； 會聞之，心慍懟。 九月，章武王宙奉燕方垂及成哀段-{后}-之喪葬於龍城宣平陵。 寶詔宙悉高陽王隆參佐、部曲、家屬還中山，會違詔，多留部曲不遣。 宙年長屬尊，會每事陵侮之，見者皆知其有異志。
Murong Hui, General Who Conquers the North, Governor of You and Ping, and Duke of Qinghe, was born of a humble mother yet was the eldest son—bold, handsome, and gifted. Murong Chui doted on him. When Bao marched against Wei, Chui put Hui in charge of Eastern Palace affairs and overall administration, treating him with all the honors due a crown prince. When Chui campaigned against Wei in person, he left Hui to hold Longcheng and entrusted him with the whole northeast, staffing his administration with the finest men of the day. As Chui lay dying, his last instruction was that Bao should make Hui his heir; but Bao favored his younger son Murong Ce, Duke of Puyang, and his heart was set elsewhere. Sheng, Duke of Changle, was Hui's age and resented ranking below him. He joined Zhao Wang Lin in urging Bao to name Ce heir, and Bao agreed. On yihai, Consort Duan was made empress and Ce crown prince, while Hui and Sheng were both promoted to princely rank. Ce was only eleven and naturally timid and frail; when Hui heard the news, rage filled his heart. In the ninth month, Prince Zhangwu Zhou escorted the remains of the late Murong Chui and Empress Duan Cheng'ai to burial at Xuanping Mausoleum in Longcheng. Bao ordered Zhou to send Gaoyang Wang Long's staff, troops, and families back to Zhongshan, but Hui defied the edict and kept much of Long's following with him. Zhou was the elder and the more honored, yet Hui humiliated him at every turn, and all who saw it knew rebellion was brewing in his heart.
108
戊午，魏軍至陽曲，乘西山，臨晉陽，遣騎環城大噪而去。 燕遼西王農出戰，大敗，奔還晉陽，司馬慕輿嵩閉門拒之。 農將妻子帥數千騎東走，魏中領將軍長孫肥追之，及於潞川，獲農妻子。 燕軍盡沒，農被創，獨與三騎逃歸中山。
On wuwu the Wei army reached Yangqu, took the western hills above Jinyang, and sent horsemen to ride around the walls in a great clamor before withdrawing. Murong Nong, Liaoxi Wang of Yan, rode out to fight and was routed. When he fled back to Jinyang, Marshal Muyu Song shut the gates against him. Nong fled east with his wife, children, and a few thousand horsemen. Zhangsun Fei, Central Guard General of Wei, overtook him on the Luchuan and seized his family. Yan's army was wiped out. Wounded, Nong escaped with only three riders back to Zhongshan.
109
魏王珪遂取并州。 初建台省，置刺史、太守、尚書郎以下官，悉用儒生為之。 士大夫詣軍門者，無少長，皆引入存慰，使人人盡言，少有才用，咸加擢敘。 己未，遣輔國將軍奚收略地汾川，獲燕丹楊王買得及離石護軍高秀和。 以中書侍郎張恂等為諸郡太守，招撫離散，勸課農桑。
Wei King Gui then seized Bing Province. He established the provincial and central bureaucracy, appointing inspectors, administrators, Masters of Writing, and lesser officials, and filled every post with Confucian-trained men. Scholars and officials who came to his camp, young or old, were received and questioned at length. Anyone who showed the least ability was promoted on the spot. On jiwei he sent Xi Shou, General Who Supports the State, to overrun the Fen valley and captured Maide, Prince of Danyang under Yan, and Gao Xiuhe, Protective General of Lishi. He made Zhang Xun, Palace Attendant, and others commandery administrators, gathered the displaced, and urged them back to farming and sericulture.
110
燕主寶聞魏軍將至，議於東堂。 中山尹苻謨曰：「今魏軍眾強，千里遠鬥，乘勝氣銳。 若縱之使入平土，不可敵，宜杜險以拒之。」 中書令眭邃曰：「魏多騎兵，往來剽速，馬上繼糧，不過旬日。 宜令郡縣聚民千家為一堡，深溝高壘，清野以待之。 彼至無所掠，不過六旬，食盡自退。」 尚書封懿曰； 「今魏兵數十萬，天下之勍敵也，民雖築堡，不足以自固，是聚兵及糧以資之也。 且動搖民心，示之以弱。 不如阻關拒戰，計之上也。」 趙王麟曰：「魏今乘勝氣銳，其鋒不可當，宜完守中山，待其弊而乘之。」 於是修城積粟，為持久之備。 命遼西王農出屯安喜，軍事動靜，悉以委麟。
When Murong Bao learned that Wei forces were approaching, he held council in the Eastern Hall. Fu Mo, Prefect of Zhongshan, said, "Wei's army is huge and strong, fighting far from home yet riding a wave of victory. If we let them onto open ground we cannot stand against them. We should hold the mountain passes and keep them out." Chief Secretary Suixuan said, "Wei relies on cavalry that strikes and withdraws with terrifying speed. Grain carried on horseback lasts barely ten days. Order every commandery and county to gather the people into forts of a thousand households each, dig deep moats, raise high walls, and strip the countryside bare while we wait them out. When they find nothing to loot, within sixty days their supplies will run out and they will withdraw on their own." Master of Writing Feng Yi said, "Wei now fields several hundred thousand men, the fiercest foe under Heaven. Even if the people build forts, they cannot hold them—it would only pile up soldiers and grain for the enemy to take. Besides, it would panic the people and advertise our weakness. Better to hold the passes and fight—that is the wiser course." Zhao Wang Lin said, "Wei is riding a crest of victory and its edge cannot be met head-on. We should fortify Zhongshan and wait until they weaken, then strike." They repaired the walls, stockpiled grain, and prepared for a long siege. Murong Nong, Liaoxi Wang, was ordered to encamp at Anxi, and all military decisions were placed in Lin's hands.
111
帝嗜酒，流連內殿，醒治既少，外人罕得進見。 張貴人寵冠後宮，後宮皆畏之。 庚申，帝與後宮宴，妓樂盡侍； 時貴人年近三十，帝戲之曰：「汝以年亦當廢矣，吾意更屬少者。」 貴人潛怒，向夕，帝醉，寢於清暑殿，貴人遍飲宦者酒，散遣之，使婢以被蒙帝面，弒之，重賂左右，-{云}-「因魘暴崩」。 時太子闇弱，會稽王道子昏荒，遂不復推問。 王國寶夜叩禁門，欲入為遺詔，侍中王爽拒之，曰：「大行晏駕，皇太子未至，敢入者斬！」 國寶乃止。 爽，恭之弟也。 辛酉，太子即皇帝位，大赦。
The emperor was a drunkard who lingered in the inner palace. Sober governance grew rare, and outsiders seldom saw him. Consort Zhang's favor outshone every woman in the palace, and the whole inner household feared her. On gengshen the emperor held a banquet with the inner palace, every musician and dancer in attendance; Consort Zhang was nearly thirty. The emperor joked, "At your age you ought to be cast off too—I have my eye on someone younger." “She hid her fury. That evening, when the emperor was drunk and asleep in the Clear Summer Hall, she plied the eunuchs with wine and sent them away, then had a maid smother his face with a quilt and kill him. She bribed those around her heavily and had it announced that he had died suddenly in his sleep.” The crown prince was feeble-minded, and Prince of Kuaiji Daozi was lost in debauchery, so no one pressed the matter further. That night Wang Guobao hammered on the forbidden gate, trying to enter and draft a deathbed edict. Palace Attendant Wang Shuang barred him. "The late emperor has just died and the crown prince has not yet arrived," he said. "Anyone who enters now dies!" Guobao withdrew. Shuang was a younger brother of Wang Gong. On xinyou the crown prince ascended the throne and proclaimed a general amnesty.
112
癸亥，有司奏：「會稽王道子宜進位太傅、揚州牧，假黃鉞。」 詔內外眾事動靜咨之。
On guihai the responsible offices memorialized that Prince of Kuaiji Daozi should be promoted to Grand Tutor and Governor of Yang Province and granted the yellow battle-axe." An edict followed that all affairs of state, great and small, were to be referred to him.
113
安帝幼而不慧，口不能言，至於寒暑饑飽亦不能辨，飲食寢興皆非己出。 母弟琅邪王德文，性恭謹，常侍左右，為之節適，始得其宜。
Emperor An was a child without wit. He could not speak, could not tell cold from heat or hunger from fullness, and never chose for himself when to eat, sleep, or rise. His younger brother, Prince of Langya Dewen, was gentle and dutiful. He stayed constantly at the emperor's side, regulating every need, and only then did life proceed as it should.
114
初，王國寶黨附會稽王道子，驕縱不法，屢為御史中丞褚粲所糾。 國寶起齋，侔清暑殿，孝武帝甚惡之； 國寶懼，遂更求媚於帝而疏道子，帝復寵暱之。 道子大怒，嘗於內省面責國寶，以劍擲之，舊好盡矣。 及帝崩，國寶復事道子，與王緒共為邪諂。 道子更惑之，倚為心腹，遂參管朝權，威震內外，並為時之所疾。
Earlier, Wang Guobao had attached himself to Prince of Kuaiji Daozi, growing arrogant and lawless until Censor-in-Chief Chu Can impeached him again and again. Guobao built a private hall to rival the Clear Summer Palace, which Emperor Xiaowu deeply resented; Frightened, Guobao turned to flatter the emperor and distanced himself from Daozi, and the emperor once again showered him with favor. Daozi flew into a rage, once rebuked Guobao to his face in the inner office, and even hurled a sword at him. Their old friendship was finished. After the emperor's death, Guobao returned to Daozi's service and, with Wang Xu, practiced their corrupt flattery together. Daozi, deceived anew, leaned on them as his inner circle. They shared control of court power, their sway terrifying inside and outside the palace, and the age despised them both.
115
王恭入赴山陵，每正色直言，道子深憚之。 恭罷朝，歎曰：「榱棟雖新，便有黍離之歎！」 緒說國寶，因恭入朝，勸相王伏兵殺之，國寶不許。 道子欲輯和內外，乃深布腹心於恭，冀除舊惡； 而恭每言及時政，輒厲聲色。 道子知恭不可和協，遂有相圖之志。
Wang Gong came to attend the imperial burial, and each time he spoke plainly with a stern face Daozi feared him deeply. After court Gong sighed, "The palace beams are still new, yet already I hear the lament of fallen dynasties!" Xu urged Guobao that when Gong next came to court, the Prince should set an ambush and kill him. Guobao refused. Daozi wanted to reconcile with the court at large and opened his heart to Gong, hoping to bury old grievances; but whenever Gong spoke of public affairs his voice turned harsh and his face hard. Daozi saw that Gong would not be reconciled, and began to think of removing him.
116
或勸恭因入朝以兵誅國寶，恭以豫州刺史庾楷士馬甚盛，黨於國寶，憚之，不敢發。 王珣謂恭曰：「國寶雖終為禍亂，要之罪逆未彰，今遽先事而安，必大失朝野之望。 況擁強兵竊發於京輦，誰謂非逆！ 國寶若遂不改，惡布天下，然後順眾心以除之，亦無憂不濟也。」 恭乃止。 既而謂珣曰：「比來視君一似胡廣」。 珣曰：「王陵廷爭，陳平慎默，但問歲晏何如耳！」
Some urged Gong to use his troops at the next court audience to kill Guobao, but Yu Kai, Inspector of Yu Province, commanded a powerful force allied with Guobao, and Gong feared him and held back. Wang Xun told Gong, "Guobao will bring disaster in the end, but his crimes are not yet plain. If you strike first now, you will lose the trust of court and country alike. And if you mobilize armed men and strike secretly in the capital itself, who will not call that treason? If Guobao goes on unchanged until his wickedness is known everywhere, then you may remove him with the people's backing—and you need not fear failure." Gong held his hand. Later he told Xun, "These days you remind me of Hu Guang." Xun replied, "Wang Ling spoke boldly in open court, while Chen Ping held his tongue—he only asked how the harvest was faring!"
117
冬，十月，甲申，葬孝武帝於隆平陵。 王恭還鎮，將行，謂道子曰：「主上諒暗，塚宰之任，伊、周所難，願大王親萬幾，納直言。 放鄭聲，遠佞人。」 國寶等愈懼。
In winter, in the tenth month, on the day jia-shen, Emperor Xiaowu was interred at Longping Mausoleum. As Wang Gong returned to his command and was about to leave, he told Daozi, "The Emperor is still in mourning; the regent's burden is one even Yi Yin and the Duke of Zhou found daunting. I hope Your Highness will personally oversee state affairs and heed frank counsel. Put aside licentious music and keep sycophants at arm's length." Guobao and his faction grew still more alarmed.
118
魏王珪使冠軍將軍代人於栗磾、寧朔將軍公孫蘭帥步騎二萬，潛自晉陽開韓信故道。 己酉，珪自井陘趨中山。 李先降魏，珪以為征東左長史。
Wei Wang Gui dispatched Champion General Yu Libi of Dai and Ningshuo General Gongsun Lan with twenty thousand foot and horse, who secretly reopened Han Xin's old road from Jinyang. On the day ji-you, Gui marched from Jingxing toward Zhongshan. Li Xian surrendered to Wei, and Gui appointed him Left Chief Clerk of the Eastern Campaign.
119
西秦涼州牧軻彈與秦州牧益州不平，軻彈奔涼。
In Western Qin, Ke Tan, Governor of Liangzhou, fell out with Yizhou, Governor of Qinzhou, and Ke Tan fled to Liang.
120
魏王珪進攻常山，拔之，獲太守苟延，自常山以東，守宰或走或降，諸郡縣皆附於魏，惟中山、鄴、信都三城為燕守。 十一月，珪命東平公儀將五萬騎攻鄴，冠軍將軍王建、左將軍李栗攻信都。 戊午，珪進軍中山； 己未，攻之。 燕高陽王隆守南郭，帥眾力戰，自旦至晡，殺傷數千人，魏兵乃退。 珪謂諸將曰：「中山城固，寶必不肯出戰。 急攻則傷士，久圍則費糧，不如先取鄴、信都，然後圖之。」 丁卯，珪引兵而南。
Wei Wang Gui attacked Changshan, captured it, and took its prefect Gou Yan. East of Changshan, local officials either fled or surrendered, and commanderies and counties everywhere submitted to Wei; only Zhongshan, Ye, and Xindu still held out for Yan. In the eleventh month, Gui ordered Dongping Duke Yi to lead fifty thousand horsemen against Ye, while Champion General Wang Jian and Left General Li Li attacked Xindu. On the day wu-wu, Gui marched on Zhongshan; On the day ji-wei, he assaulted the city. Yan's Prince of Gaoyang, Long, held the south gate and fought hard from dawn until mid-afternoon, killing and wounding several thousand men before the Wei army withdrew. Gui told his generals, "Zhongshan is a strong city, and Bao will surely refuse to give battle. A hasty assault will cost us men; a long siege will drain our grain. Better to take Ye and Xindu first, then turn back to deal with it." On the day ding-mao, Gui withdrew his army and marched south.
121
章武王寅自龍城還，聞有魏寇，馳入薊，與鎮北將軍陽城王蘭乘城固守。 蘭，垂之從弟也。 魏別將石河頭攻之，不克，退屯漁陽。
Prince of Zhangwu Yin had just returned from Longcheng when he heard of Wei raiders; he galloped into Ji and, with Northern Garrison General Prince of Yangcheng Lan, manned the walls and held fast. Lan was a younger cousin of Chui. Shi Hetou, a detached Wei general, attacked the city but failed to take it and withdrew to encamp at Yuyang.
122
珪軍於魯口，博陵太守申永奔河南，高陽太守崔宏奔海渚。 珪素聞宏名，遣吏追求，獲之，以為黃門侍郎，與給事黃門侍郎張袞對掌機要，創立制度。 博陵令屈遵降魏，珪為中書令，出納號令，兼總文誥。
Gui encamped at Lukou. Boling Prefect Shen Yong fled south to Henan, and Gaoyang Prefect Cui Hong fled to the coastal isles. Gui had long known Hong by reputation and sent officers to hunt him down. Once captured, Hong was made Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gate and, together with Secretary Gentleman of the Yellow Gate Zhang Gun, shared control of confidential affairs and helped establish the new administrative order. Boling Magistrate Qu Zun surrendered to Wei, and Gui appointed him Director of the Secretariat, charged with issuing and receiving orders and overseeing all written proclamations.
123
燕范陽王德使南安王青等夜擊魏軍於鄴下，破之，魏軍退屯新城。 青等請追擊之，別駕韓言卓曰：「古人先計而後戰。 魏軍不可擊者四：懸軍遠客，利在野戰，一也； 深入近畿，頓兵死地，二也； 前鋒既敗，後陣方固，三也； 彼眾我寡，四也。 官軍不宜動者三：自戰其地，一也； 動而不勝，眾心難固，二也； 城隍未修，敵來無備，三也。 今魏無資糧，不如深壘固軍以老之。」 德從之，召青還。 青，詳之兄也。
Yan's Prince of Fanyang, De, sent Prince of Nan'an Qing and others to strike the Wei army below Ye by night. They routed the enemy, and the Wei forces withdrew to encamp at Xincheng. Qing and the others asked to pursue, but Administrator Han Yanzhuo said, "The ancients planned first and fought only afterward. There are four reasons not to attack the Wei army: they are a force far from home with everything to gain from open battle—first; they have pushed deep toward the capital and will stand their ground as if on death ground—second; their vanguard has already been beaten, but their rear ranks are now steady—third; they outnumber us—fourth. There are three reasons our own army should not stir: we would be fighting on our own soil—first; if we move and fail to win, morale will be hard to hold—second; our walls and moat are not yet repaired, so we are unprepared if the enemy returns—third. Wei now lacks provisions. Better to entrench deeply, hold our lines, and wear them down." De agreed, and recalled Qing. Qing was the elder brother of Xiang.
124
十二月，魏遼西公賀賴盧帥騎二萬會東平公議攻鄴。 賴盧，訥之弟也。
In the twelfth month, Wei's Liaoxi Duke Helu led twenty thousand horsemen to join Dongping Duke Yi in planning an assault on Ye. Helu was the younger brother of Ne.
125
魏別部大人沒根有膽勇，魏王珪惡之。 沒根懼誅，己丑，將親兵數十人降燕，燕主寶以為鎮東大將軍，封雁門公。 沒根求還襲魏，寶難與重兵，給百餘騎。 沒根效其號令，夜入魏營，至中仗，珪乃覺之，狼狽驚走； 沒根以所從人少，不能壞其大眾，多獲首虜而還。
Meigen, a detached tribal chieftain of Wei, was bold and brave, and Wei Wang Gui disliked him. Fearing execution, Meigen on the day ji-chou brought several dozen personal followers and surrendered to Yan. Yan's ruler Bao made him Grand General Who Guards the East and enfeoffed him as Duke of Yanmen. Meigen asked to go back and strike Wei, but Bao was unwilling to give him a large force and allotted him only a little over a hundred horsemen. Meigen copied their camp signals and entered the Wei encampment by night. Not until the middle watch did Gui realize what had happened, and he fled in panic and disorder; With too few men at his back, Meigen could not break the main Wei force, but he took many heads and captives and returned.
126
楊盛遣使來請命。 詔拜盛鎮南將軍、仇池公。 盛表苻宣為平北將軍。
Yang Sheng sent envoys to request an imperial commission. An edict appointed Sheng General Who Guards the South and Duke of Chouchi. Sheng recommended Fu Xuan for appointment as General Who Pacifies the North.
127
是歲，越質詰歸帥戶二萬叛西秦降於秦，秦人處之成紀，拜鎮西將軍、平襄公。
That year Yue Zhi Gui led twenty thousand households in revolt against Western Qin and surrendered to Qin. The Qin settled them at Chengji and appointed him General Who Guards the West and Duke of Pingxiang.
128
秦隴西王碩德攻姜乳於上邽，乳帥眾降。 秦以碩德為秦州牧，鎮上邽； 征乳為尚書。 強熙、權千成帥眾三萬共圍上邽，碩德擊破之，熙奔仇池，遂來奔。 碩德西去千成於略陽，千成降。
Qin's Prince of Longxi, Shuode, attacked Jiang Ru at Shanggui, and Ru surrendered with his followers. Qin appointed Shuode Governor of Qinzhou and stationed him at Shanggui; Ru was summoned to serve as Minister of the Masters of Writing. Qiang Xi and Quan Qiancheng jointly led thirty thousand men to besiege Shanggui, but Shuode routed them. Xi fled to Chouchi and then came over to surrender. Shuode marched west against Qiancheng at Lueyang, and Qiancheng surrendered.
129
西燕既亡，其所署河東太守柳恭等各擁兵自守。 秦主興遣晉王緒攻之，恭等臨河拒守，緒不得濟。 初，永嘉之亂，汾陰薛氏聚其族黨，阻河自固，不仕劉、石。 及苻氏興，乃以禮聘薛強，拜鎮東將軍。 強引秦兵自龍門濟，遂入蒲阪，恭等皆降。 興以緒為-{并}-、冀二州牧，鎮蒲阪。
After Western Yan fell, Liu Gong, whom it had appointed Prefect of Hedong, and others each kept armed forces and held out on their own. Qin's ruler Xing sent Prince of Jin Xu to attack them, but Gong and the others held the riverbank and blocked him, and Xu could not get across. Earlier, during the Yongjia upheaval, the Xue clan of Fenyin gathered their kin and allies, fortified themselves behind the river, and refused to serve the Liu or Shi regimes. When the Fu clan came to power, they courteously invited Xue Qiang out and appointed him General Who Guards the East. Qiang guided Qin troops across at Longmen, entered Puban, and Gong and the others all surrendered. Xing appointed Xu Governor of Bing and Ji provinces and stationed him at Puban.