1
卷第一百九
Volume 109
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【晉紀三十一】強圉作噩，一年
[Jin Records, Part 31] The year Qiangyu Zuo'e—one year in all.
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安皇帝甲隆安元年
The first year of the Long'an era of Emperor An.
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春，正月，己亥朔，帝加元服，改元。 以左僕射王珣為尚書令； 領軍將軍王國寶為左僕射，領選，仍加後將軍、丹楊尹。 會稽王道子悉以東宮兵配國寶，使領之。
In spring, the first month, on the jihai new moon, Emperor An assumed the cap of manhood and changed the era name. Wang Xun, Left Vice Director of the Secretariat, was appointed Director of the Imperial Secretariat; General of the Household Guards Wang Guobao was made Left Vice Director with charge of selection; he was also given the additional titles of General of the Rear and Governor of Danyang. The Prince of Kuaiji, Sima Daozi, transferred all Eastern Palace troops to Guobao for him to command.
5
燕范陽王德求救於秦，秦兵不出。 鄴中恟懼。 賀賴盧自以魏王珪之舅，不受東平公儀節度，由是與儀有隙。 儀司馬丁建陰與德通，從而構間之，射書入城中言其狀。 甲辰，風霾，晝晦。 賴盧營有火，建言於儀曰：「賴盧燒營為變矣。」 儀以為然，引兵退。 賴盧聞之，亦退。 建帥其眾詣德降，且言儀師老可擊。 德遣桂陽王鎮、南安王青帥騎七千追擊魏軍，大破之。
Later Yan's Prince of Fanyang, Murong De, asked Former Qin for rescue, but Qin troops did not march out. Within Ye there was alarm and fear. Helai Lu, considering himself the maternal uncle of Northern Wei's King Tuoba Gui, refused to accept orders from the Duke of Dongping, Murong Yi, and thereby fell out with Yi. Yi's marshal Ding Jian secretly communicated with De and sowed discord between them, shooting a letter into the city that laid out the situation. On jiachen, wind and dust darkened the sky until broad daylight turned dim. There was fire in Helai Lu's camp; he told Yi, "Helai Lu has burned his camp to stage a mutiny." Yi believed it and withdrew his troops. When Helai Lu heard of it, he too withdrew. Jian led his followers to surrender to De, and also said that Yi's army was worn out and could be attacked. De sent the Prince of Guiyang, Murong Zhen, and the Prince of Nan'an, Murong Qing, to lead seven thousand horsemen in pursuit of the Wei army and inflicted a great defeat.
6
燕主寶使左衛將軍慕輿騰攻博陵，殺魏所置守宰。
The Yan ruler Murong Bao sent the Left Guard General Murong Teng to attack Boling and killed the magistrates Wei had installed.
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王建等攻信都，六十餘日不下，士卒多死。 庚申，魏王珪自攻信都。 壬戌夜，燕宜都王鳳逾城奔中山。 癸亥，信都降魏。
Wang Jian and others besieged Xindu for more than sixty days without taking it, and many soldiers died. On gengshen, King Tuoba Gui of Wei personally attacked Xindu. On the night of renxu, Yan's Prince of Yidu, Murong Feng, climbed over the wall and fled to Zhongshan. On guihai, Xindu surrendered to Wei.
8
涼王光以西秦王乾歸數反覆，舉兵伐之。 乾歸群下請東奔成紀以避之，乾歸曰：「軍之勝敗，在於巧拙，不在眾寡。 光兵雖眾而無法，其弟延勇而無謀，不足憚也。 且其精兵盡在延所，延敗，光自走矣。」 光軍於長最，遣太原公纂等帥步騎三萬攻金城； 乾歸帥眾二萬救之，未到，纂等拔金城。 光又遣其將梁恭等以甲卒萬餘出陽武下峽，與秦州刺史沒弈干攻其東，天水公延以枹罕之眾攻臨洮、武始、河關，皆克之。 乾歸使人紿延云：「乾歸眾潰，奔成紀。」 延欲引以輕騎追之，司馬耿稚諫曰：「乾歸勇略過人，安肯望風自潰？ 前破王廣、楊定，皆羸師以誘之。 今告者視高色動，殆必有奸，宜整陳而前，使步騎相屬，俟諸軍畢集，然後擊之，無不克矣。」 延不從，進，與乾歸遇，延戰死。 稚與將軍姜顯牧散卒，還屯枹罕。 光亦引兵還姑臧。
The Later Liang ruler Lü Guang, because the Western Qin ruler Qifu Qian'gui had repeatedly turned back on him, raised troops to attack him. Qian'gui's subordinates asked to flee east to Chengjji to avoid him; Qian'gui said, "Victory or defeat in war lies in skill and cunning, not in numbers alone. Guang's army is numerous but without discipline; his brother Yan is brave but without strategy—there is nothing to fear. Moreover, his crack troops are all with Yan; if Yan is defeated, Guang will flee on his own." Guang's army was at Changzui; he sent the Prince of Taiyuan, Lü Zuan, and others to lead thirty thousand infantry and cavalry to attack Jincheng; Qian'gui led twenty thousand men to rescue it; before he arrived, Zuan and the others had already taken Jincheng. Guang also sent his generals Liang Gong and others with more than ten thousand armored soldiers out through Yangwu down the gorge, to join the Qinzhou inspector Moyigan in attacking Qian'gui's east; the Duke of Tianshui, Lü Yan, with the troops of Fuhan attacked Lintao, Wushi, and Heguan, and all were taken. Qian'gui had someone deceive Yan, saying, "Qian'gui's host has scattered and fled to Chengjji." Yan wished to lead light cavalry in pursuit; the marshal Geng Zhi remonstrated, "Qian'gui's courage and stratagem surpass other men—how could he flee at the mere rumor of wind? In defeating Wang Guang and Yang Ding before, he used weakened troops to lure them in. The messenger now looks up and his color shifts—there is probably treachery; you should advance in battle order with infantry and cavalry linked, wait until all armies are assembled, and then strike—nothing will fail to be taken." Yan did not listen, advanced, met Qian'gui, and died in battle. Zhi and the general Jiang Xianmu gathered the scattered troops and returned to camp at Fuhan. Guang also led his army back to Guzang.
9
禿髮烏孤自稱大都督、大將軍、大單于、西平王，大赦，改元太初。 治兵廣武，攻涼金城，克之。 涼王光遣將軍竇苟伐之，戰於街亭，涼兵大敗。
Tufa Wugu declared himself Grand Commander, Grand General, Grand Chanyu, and King of Xiping; he proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the era name to Taichu. He drilled troops at Guangwu and attacked Later Liang's Jincheng, taking it. The Later Liang ruler Lü Guang sent the general Dou Gou to attack him; they fought at Jieting, and the Liang army suffered a great defeat.
10
燕主寶聞魏王珪攻信都，出屯深澤，遣趙王麟攻楊城，殺守兵三百。 寶悉出珍寶及宮人募郡縣君盜以擊魏。
The Yan ruler Murong Bao, hearing that King Tuoba Gui of Wei was attacking Xindu, went out to camp at Shenze and sent the Prince of Zhao, Murong Lin, to attack Yangcheng, killing three hundred garrison troops. Bao brought out all treasures and palace women to recruit county and district bravado to strike Wei.
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二月，己巳朔，珪還屯楊城。 沒根兄子丑提為并州監軍，聞其叔父降燕，懼誅，帥所部兵還國作亂。 珪欲北還，遣其國相涉延求和於燕，且請以其弟為質。 寶聞魏有內難，不許，使冗從僕射蘭真責珪負恩，悉發其眾步卒十二萬、騎三萬七千屯於曲陽之柏肆，營於滹沲水北以邀之。 丁丑，魏軍至，營於水南。 寶潛師夜濟，募勇敢萬餘人襲魏營，寶陳於營北以為之援。 募兵因風縱火。 急擊魏軍，魏軍大亂，珪驚起，棄營跣走； 燕將軍乞特真帥百餘人至其帳下，得珪衣靴。 既而募兵無故自驚，互相斫射。 珪於營外望見之，乃擊鼓收眾，左右及中軍將士舟稍稍來集，多布火炬於營外，縱騎沖之。 募兵大敗，還赴寶陳，寶引兵復渡水北。 戊寅，魏整眾而至，與燕相持，燕軍奪氣。 寶引還中山，魏兵隨而擊之，燕兵屢敗。 寶懼，棄大軍，帥騎二萬奔還。 時大風雪，凍死者相枕。 寶恐為魏軍所及，命士卒皆棄袍仗、兵器數十萬，寸刃不返，燕之朝臣將卒降魏及為魏所繫虜者甚眾。 先是，張袞常為魏王珪言燕秘書監崔逞之材，珪得之，甚喜，以逞為尚書，使錄三十六曹，任以政事。
In the second month, on the yisi new moon, Tuoba Gui returned to camp at Yangcheng. Chouti, nephew of Moyigan's elder brother, was supervising Bingzhou; hearing that his uncle had surrendered to Yan, he feared execution and led his troops back home in revolt. Gui wished to return north and sent his chief minister Sheyan to seek peace with Yan, and also asked to give his younger brother as hostage. Bao, hearing that Wei had internal troubles, did not agree; he sent the attendant-at-court Lan Zhen to reproach Gui for ingratitude, and mustered his entire host—one hundred twenty thousand foot soldiers and thirty-seven thousand horsemen—to camp at Baixi in Quyang, encamping north of the Hutuo River to intercept them. On dingchou, the Wei army arrived and encamped south of the river. Bao secretly sent troops across the river by night, recruited more than ten thousand brave men to raid the Wei camp, and Bao drew up his battle line north of the camp to support them. The recruited soldiers took advantage of the wind to set fires. They pressed the attack on the Wei army; the Wei army fell into great disorder; Gui started up in alarm, abandoned camp, and fled barefoot; The Yan general Qi Tezhen led more than a hundred men to his tent and obtained Gui's clothes and boots. Presently the recruited soldiers panicked for no reason and hacked and shot at one another. Gui, watching from outside the camp, beat the drum to gather his men; guards and central-army officers gradually came together; he set many torches outside the camp and sent horsemen to charge them. The recruited soldiers were utterly defeated; they returned to Bao's battle line, and Bao led his army back across the river to the north. On wuyin, the Wei army reformed and arrived; the two sides faced off, and the Yan army lost its spirit. Bao withdrew to Zhongshan; the Wei army pursued and struck; the Yan army was repeatedly defeated. Bao was afraid, abandoned the main army, and led twenty thousand horsemen in flight back. At that time a great wind and snow blew; the dead from freezing lay pillow to pillow. Bao, fearing the Wei army would overtake him, ordered his soldiers to abandon robes, gear, and weapons by the hundreds of thousands—not a blade returned—and many Yan courtiers, generals, and soldiers surrendered to Wei or were captured by Wei. Earlier, Zhang Gun had often told King Tuoba Gui of Wei of the talent of Yan's Secretariat Director Cui Cheng; Gui obtained him, was greatly pleased, made Cheng Director of the Imperial Secretariat, had him oversee the thirty-six bureaus, and entrusted him with government affairs.
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魏軍士有自柏肆亡歸者，言大軍敗散，不知王處。 道過晉陽，晉陽守將封真因起兵攻并州刺史曲陽侯素延，素延擊斬之。
Among the Wei soldiers were some who had fled from Baixi and returned, saying the main army was defeated and scattered and they did not know where the king was. Passing Jinyang, the Jinyang garrison commander Feng Zhen thereupon raised troops to attack the Bingzhou inspector, the Marquis of Quyang, Su Yan; Su Yan struck and beheaded him.
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南安公順守雲中，聞之，欲自攝國事。 幢將代人莫題曰：「此大事，不可輕爾，宜審待後問； 不然，為禍不細。」 順乃止。 順，什翼犍之孫也。 賀蘭部帥附力眷、紇鄰部帥匿物尼、紇奚部帥叱奴根皆舉兵反，順討之，不克。 珪遣安遠將軍庾岳帥萬騎還討三部，皆平之，國人乃安。 珪欲撫尉新附，深悔參合之誅，素延坐討反者殺戮過多，免官； 以奚牧為并州刺史。 牧與東秦主興書稱「頓首」，與之均禮。 興怒，以告珪，珪為之殺牧。
The Duke of Nan'an, Tuoba Shun, was holding Yunzhong; when he heard of it, he wished to take charge of state affairs himself. The standard-bearer Mo Ti of the Xianbei said, "This is a great matter and cannot be taken lightly; you should wait carefully for further word; otherwise the harm will be no small thing." Shun then stopped. Shun was the grandson of Tuoba Shiyijian. The Helan chieftain Fuli Juan, the Heni chieftain Niwuni, and the Hexi chieftain Chinu Gen all raised troops in revolt; Shun campaigned against them but could not overcome them. Gui sent the General Who Pacifies the Distance Yu Yue to lead ten thousand horsemen back to suppress the three tribes; all were pacified, and the realm was then at peace. Gui wished to comfort and reassure the newly submitted; he deeply regretted the slaughter at Canhe; Su Yan was removed from office for killing too many in suppressing rebels; Xi Mu was made inspector of Bingzhou. Mu wrote to the Eastern Qin ruler Yao Xing with the salutation "bowing head," treating him as an equal in ritual. Xing was angry and reported it to Gui; Gui had Mu killed for it.
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己卯夜，燕尚書郎慕輿謀弒燕主寶，立趙王麟； 不克，斬關出奔魏。 麟由是不自安。
On the night of jimao, Yan's Master of Writing Murong Mou attempted to assassinate the Yan ruler Murong Bao and install the Prince of Zhao, Murong Lin; he did not succeed, broke through the gate, and fled to Wei. Lin was thereby ill at ease.
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三月，燕以儀同三司武鄉張崇為司空。
In the third month, Yan appointed Zhang Chong of Wuxiang, with the rank equal to the Three Excellencies, as Minister of Works.
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初，燕清河王會聞魏軍東下，表求赴難，燕主寶許之。 會初無去意，使征南將軍庫辱官偉、建威將軍餘崇將兵五千為前鋒。 崇，嵩之子也。 偉等頓盧龍近百日，無食，啖馬牛且盡，會不發。 寶怒，累詔切責； 會不得已，以治行簡練為名，復留月餘。 時道路不通，偉欲使輕軍前行通道，偵魏強弱，且張聲勢； 諸將皆畏避不欲行。 餘崇奮曰：「今巨寇滔天，京都危逼，匹夫猶思致命以救君父，諸君荷國寵任，而更惜生乎！ 若社稷傾覆，臣節不立，死有餘辱。 諸君安居於此，崇請當之。」 偉喜，簡給步騎五百人。 崇進至漁陽，遇魏千餘騎，崇謂其眾曰：「彼眾我寡，不擊則不得免。」 乃鼓噪直進，崇手殺十餘人。 魏騎潰去，崇亦引還，斬首獲生，具言敵中闊狹，眾心稍振。 會乃上道徐進，是月，始達薊城。
Earlier, Yan's Prince of Qinghe, Murong Hui, hearing that the Wei army was marching east, memorialized asking to go to the rescue; the Yan ruler Murong Bao permitted it. Hui at first had no intention of leaving; he sent the General Who Conquers the South Kuluo Guan Wei and the General Who Establishes Prestige Yu Chong to lead five thousand men as the vanguard. Chong was the son of Yu Song. Wei and the others halted at Lulong for nearly a hundred days without food, eating horses and cattle until they were nearly gone, yet Hui did not set out. Bao was angry and repeatedly issued edicts sternly reproaching him; Hui had no choice; famed for his frugal and efficient administration, he lingered yet another month. At that time the roads were impassable; Wei wished to send light troops ahead to open the route, scout Wei's strength, and also make a show of force; the generals all shrank back in fear and did not wish to go. Yu Chong roused himself and said, "Now the great enemy fills the heavens, and the capital is in peril; even a common man thinks of giving his life to save his ruler and father—yet you, bearing the state's favor and charge, still cling to life! If the altars of state are overturned and ministerial integrity is not upheld, death itself still leaves shame. You all may rest easy here—I ask to go myself." Wei was pleased and selected five hundred infantry and cavalry to give him. Chong advanced to Fuyang and encountered more than a thousand Wei horsemen; Chong told his men, "They are many and we are few; if we do not strike we cannot escape." He then beat drums and shouted and charged straight ahead; Chong himself killed more than ten men. The Wei horsemen broke and fled; Chong also withdrew, taking heads and captives, and fully reported the enemy's numbers and dispositions; the men's hearts were somewhat revived. Hui then took the road and advanced slowly; that month he finally reached Ji.
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魏圍中山既久，城中將士皆思出戰。 征北大將軍隆言於寶曰：「涉珪雖屢獲小利，然頓兵經年，凶勢沮屈，士馬死傷太半，人心思歸，諸部離散，正是可破之時也。 加之舉城思奮，若因我之銳，乘彼之衰，往無不克。 如其持重不決，將卒氣喪，日益困逼，事久變生，後雖欲用之，不可得也，！」 寶然之。 而衛大將軍麟每沮其議，隆成列而罷者，前後數四。
Wei had besieged Zhongshan for a long time; within the city generals and soldiers all wished to sally out and fight. The General Who Pacifies the North Murong Long said to Bao, "Though Tuoba Gui has repeatedly gained small advantages, he has halted his army for a year; his fierce momentum is broken and bent, horses and men dead and wounded beyond half, men's hearts think of return, the various tribes are scattered—this is precisely the time he can be broken. Moreover, the whole city burns to strike; if we take our sharpness and ride their decline, we go forth and nothing fails to be taken. If you hold back and do not decide, generals and soldiers will lose spirit, daily more pressed and besieged; after long delay change will arise—later, even if you wish to use them, you cannot obtain them!" Bao agreed. But the Grand General of the Guard Murong Lin always thwarted the plan; Long arrayed his ranks and withdrew, before and after, four or five times.
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寶使人請於魏王珪，欲還其弟觚，割常山以西皆與魏以求和。 珪許之； 既而寶悔之。 己酉，珪如盧奴，辛亥，復圍中山。 燕將士數千人俱自請於寶曰：「今坐守窮城，終於困弊，臣等願得一出樂戰，而陛下每抑之，此為坐自摧敗也。 且受圍歷時，無他奇變，徒望積久寇賊自退。 今內外之勢，強弱懸絕，彼必不自退明矣，宜從眾一決。」 寶許之。 隆退而勒兵，召諸參佐謂之曰：「皇威不振，寇賊內侮，臣子同恥，義不顧生。 今幸而破賊，吉還固善； 若其不幸，亦使吾志節獲展。 卿等有北見吾母者，為吾道此情也！」 乃被甲上馬，詣門俟命。 麟復固止寶，眾大忿恨，隆涕泣而還。
Bao sent someone to ask King Tuoba Gui of Wei, wishing to return his younger brother Murong Gou, ceding all west of Changshan to Wei to seek peace. Gui agreed; Before long, Murong Bao regretted the agreement. On jiyou, Tuoba Gui went to Lunu; on xinhai, he again besieged Zhongshan. Several thousand Yan officers and soldiers petitioned Murong Bao together, saying, "We sit in this doomed city until we are spent, yet we are denied a sortie—we are being destroyed by our own passivity. They had been under siege for a long time with no stratagem but to hope the enemy would eventually withdraw. The balance of power inside and out is hopeless; the enemy will not leave of their own accord—the court should heed them and fight." Bao agreed. Long withdrew to muster troops and told his staff, "The throne is humbled and the enemy is inside the walls; we share this shame and owe our lives to the state. If we break the enemy, we return in honor; if we fail, our loyalty will still be proved. If any of you reach my mother in the north, tell her this!" He donned armor, mounted, and waited at the gate for orders. Murong Lin blocked Bao again; the soldiers seethed with anger; Long returned in tears.
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是夜，麟以兵劫左衛將軍北地王精，使帥禁兵弒寶。 精以義拒之，麟怒，殺精，出奔西山，依丁零餘眾。 於是城中人情震駭。 寶不知麟所之，以清河王會軍在近，恐麟奪會軍，先據龍城，乃召隆及驃騎大將軍農，謀去中山，走保龍城。 隆曰「先帝櫛風沐雨以成中興之業，崩未期年而天下大壞，豈得不謂之孤負邪！ 今外寇方盛而內難復起，骨肉乘離，百姓疑懼，誠不可以拒敵； 北遷舊都，亦事之宜。 然龍川地狹民貧，若以中國之意取足其中，復朝夕望有大功，此必不可。 若節用愛民，務農訓兵，數年之中，公私充實，而趙、魏之間，厭苦寇暴，民思燕德，庶幾返旆，克復故業。 如其未能，則憑險自固，猶足以優遊養銳耳。」 寶曰：「卿言盡理，騰一從卿意耳。」
That night, Murong Lin coerced the Left Guard General, Prince of Beidi Murong Jing, to lead the palace guard in assassinating Bao. Jing refused on grounds of loyalty; Lin killed him, fled to the western hills, and joined remnant Dingling forces. The city was thrown into terror. Not knowing Lin whereabouts and fearing Lin would seize Prince Qinghe Murong Hui nearby army, Bao summoned Long and General of Agile Cavalry Murong Nong to flee Zhongshan for Longcheng. Long said, "The late emperor rebuilt the state through hardship; within a year all is ruin—have we not betrayed him? Invaders press us while kin turn on kin; the people are afraid—we cannot hold the enemy off. Retreating north to the old capital is reasonable. But Longcheng is poor and small; you cannot expect central-China grandeur there overnight. Frugality, farming, and training may refill the realm; the people of Zhao and Wei, sick of Wei violence, may yet welcome Yan back. If not, holding the mountains still lets you recover strength." Bao said, "You are right—I will do as you advise."1
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遼東高撫，善卜筮，素為隆所信厚，私謂隆曰：「殿下北行，終不能達，太妃亦不可得見。 若使主上獨往，殿下潛留於此，必有大功。」 隆曰：「國有大難，主上蒙塵，且老母在北，吾得北首而死，猶無所恨。 卿是何言也！」 乃遍召僚佐，問其去留，唯司馬魯恭、參軍成岌願從，餘皆欲留，隆並聽之。
Gao Fu of Liaodong, a diviner Long trusted, whispered to him, "If you go north you will never arrive—and never see your mother. Stay while the emperor flees alone, and great merit will be yours." Long replied, "The realm is in crisis and my lord is in exile; my mother is in the north—to die facing her is enough for me. What kind of talk is that!" He asked his staff who would follow; only Lu Gong and Cheng Ji would go—the rest he allowed to stay.
21
農部將谷會歸說農曰：「城中之人，皆涉珪、參合所殺者父兄子弟，泣血踴躍，欲與魏戰，而為衛軍所抑。 今聞主上當北遷，皆曰：『得慕容氏一人奉而立之，以與魏戰，死無所恨。』 大王幸而留此，以副眾望，擊退魏軍，撫寧畿甸，奉迎大駕，亦不失為忠臣也。」 農欲殺歸而惜其材力，謂之曰：「必如此以望生，不如就死！」
Gu Hui told Nong, "The garrison is full of men whose kin died at Canhe; they thirst to fight Wei but Lin holds them back. Hearing the emperor will flee north, they say they would die gladly if any Murong prince stayed to lead them." Stay, defeat Wei, pacify the region, and welcome the emperor back—you would still be a loyal minister." Nong nearly killed him but said, "To hope to live that way—you might as well die now!"
22
壬子，夜，寶與太子策、遼西王農、高陽王隆、長樂王盛等萬餘騎出赴會軍，河間王熙、勃海王朗、博陵王鑒皆幼，不能出城，隆還入迎之，自為鞁乘，俱得免。 燕將王沈等隆降魏。 樂浪王惠、中書侍郎韓范、員外郎段宏、太史令劉起等帥工伎三百奔鄴。
On renzi at night Bao fled with the crown prince, Nong, Long, Sheng, and ten thousand horsemen; young princes Xi, Lang, and Jian could not leave until Long fetched them on his own saddle. Yan generals including Wang Shen surrendered to Wei in droves. Prince Lelang Murong Hui, Han Fan, Duan Hong, Liu Qi, and others fled to Ye with three hundred artisans.
23
中山城中無主，百姓惶惑，東門不閉。 魏王珪欲夜入城，冠軍將軍王建志在虜掠，乃言恐士卒盜府庫物，請俟明旦，珪乃止。 燕開封公詳從寶不及，城中立以為主，閉門拒守。 珪盡眾攻之，連日不拔，使人登巢車，臨城諭之曰：「慕容寶已棄汝走，汝曹百姓空自取死，欲誰為乎？」 皆曰：「群小無知，恐復如參合之眾，故苟延旬月之命耳。」 珪顧王建唾其面，使中領將軍長孫肥、左將軍李栗將三千騎追寶至范陽，不及，破其新城戍而還。
Zhongshan was left without a ruler; panic spread and the eastern gate stood open. Tuoba Gui meant to enter by night, but Wang Jian, eager to loot, claimed the troops would plunder the treasury and delayed him until dawn. The Duke of Kaifeng Murong Xiang, left behind, was made ruler and shut the gates to resist. Gui besieged Xiang for days, then called from nest carts: "Murong Bao has fled—why die for nothing?" The people answered, "We fear another Canhe massacre—that is why we cling to life a little longer." Gui spat in Wang Jian face and sent Zhangsun Fei and Li Li to pursue Bao to Fanyang; they missed him but destroyed his garrison at Xincheng.
24
甲寅，尊皇太后李氏為太皇太后。 戊午，立皇后王氏。
On jiayin, Empress Dowager Lady Li was elevated to grand empress dowager. On wuwu, Lady Wang was installed as empress.
25
燕主寶出中山，與趙王麟遇於□開城，麟不意寶至，驚駭，帥其眾奔蒲陰，復出屯望都，土人頗供給之。 慕容詳遣兵掩擊麟，獲其妻子，麟脫走入山。
Leaving Zhongshan, Bao met Prince Zhao Murong Lin at Kaicheng; Lin fled to Puyin in alarm, then camped at Wangdu, where locals fed his men. Murong Xiang raided Lin, seized his family, and Lin fled into the hills alone.
26
甲寅，寶至薊，殿中親近散亡略盡，惟高陽王隆所領數百騎為宿衛。 清河王會帥騎卒二萬迎於薊南，寶怪會容止怏怏有恨色，密告隆及遼西王農。 農、隆俱曰：「會年少，專任方面，習驕所致，豈有它也！ 臣等當以禮責之。」 寶雖從之，然猶詔解會兵以屬隆，隆固辭； 乃減會兵分給農、隆。 又遣西可公庫辱官驥帥兵三千助守中山。
On jiayin, Bao reached Ji; his court attendants had nearly all fled—only Long few hundred horsemen guarded him. Prince Qinghe Murong Hui met him south of Ji with twenty thousand horse; Bao found his manner sullen and told Nong and Long in secret. Nong and Long said, "He is young and commands a region alone—pride is natural, not treason. We will rebuke him properly." Bao accepted this but still stripped Hui of his troops for Long, who refused; he divided Hui forces between Nong and Long instead. He sent Kuluo Guan Ji with three thousand men to reinforce Zhongshan.
27
丙辰，寶盡徙薊中府庫北趣龍城。 魏石河頭引兵追之，戊午，及寶於夏謙澤。 寶不欲戰，清河王會曰：「臣撫教士卒，惟敵是求。 今大駕蒙塵，人思效命，而虜敢自送，眾心忿憤。 《兵法》曰：『歸師勿遏。』 又曰『置之死地而後生。』 今我皆得之，何患不克！ 若其捨去，賊必乘人，或生餘變。」 寶乃從之。 會整陳與魏兵戰，農、隆等將南來騎沖之，魏兵大敗，追奔百餘里，斬首數千級。 隆又獨追數十里而還，謂故吏留台治書陽璆曰：「中山城中積兵數萬，不得展吾意，今日之捷，令人遺恨。」 因慷慨流涕。
On bingchen, Bao moved Ji treasury north toward Longcheng. Shi Hetou of Wei pursued and on wuwu caught Bao at Xiaqian Marsh. Bao wished to avoid battle; Hui said, "I have trained these men for no purpose but to fight. The emperor is in exile and every man yearns to repay Wei—the enemy has offered themselves. The Art of War says, "Do not intercept a returning army." It also says, "Place them on death ground and they will live." We have both now—how can we fail? If we let them go, Wei will strike when we weaken—or worse may follow." Bao agreed. Hui formed line and shattered the Wei army; Nong and Long charged with the southern horse; Wei fled a hundred li with thousands slain. Long pursued alone for tens of li and told Yang Qiu, "Zhongshan held tens of thousands yet I could not fight as I wished—today victory still grieves me." He wept in frustration.
28
會既敗魏兵，矜很滋甚； 隆屢訓責之，會益忿恚。 會以農、隆皆嘗鎮龍城，屬尊位重，名望素出己右，恐至龍城，權政不復在己，已知終無為嗣之望，乃謀作亂。
After this victory Hui grew insufferably proud; Long rebuked him repeatedly, deepening his resentment. Nong and Long had ruled Longcheng before, outranked him, and enjoyed greater fame; fearing loss of power at Longcheng and despairing of the succession, he plotted revolt.
29
幽、平之兵皆懷會恩，不樂屬二王，請於寶曰：「清河王勇略高世，臣等與之誓同生死，願陛下與皇太子、諸王留薊宮，臣等從王南解京師之圍，還迎大駕。」 寶左右皆惡會，言於寶曰：「清河王不得為太子，神色甚不平。 且其才武過人，善收人心； 陛下若從眾請，臣恐解圍之後，必有衛輒之事。」 寶乃謂眾曰：「道通年少，才不及二王，豈可當專征之任！ 且朕方自統六師，杖會以為羽翼，何可離左右也！」 眾不悅而退。
Troops from You and Ping, loyal to Hui, asked Bao to keep the court at Ji while they followed Hui south to relieve Zhongshan." “Bao attendants, hostile to Hui, said he could never be heir and looked mutinous. His talent and charisma exceed others— if you give him an independent command, after Zhongshan falls you may face a Wei Zhe affair." Bao told the soldiers, "Hui is young and less able than Nong and Long—he cannot command alone. I will lead the host myself and keep him at my side—how can he leave me?" The soldiers withdrew in discontent.
30
左右勸寶殺會，侍御史仇尼歸聞之，告會曰：「大王所恃者父，父已異圖； 所杖者兵，兵已去手； 欲於何所自容乎？ 不如誅二王，廢太子，大王自處東宮，兼將相之任，以匡復社稷，此上策也。」 會猶豫，未許。
Attendants urged Bao to kill Hui; Qiu Ni Gui warned Hui, "You rely on your father, but he already plots against you; your army is already being stripped away; where will you stand? Kill Nong and Long, depose the crown prince, seize the Eastern Palace and command—restore the state—that is the best course." Hui hesitated.
31
寶謂農、隆曰：「觀道通志趣，必反無疑，宜早除之。」 農、隆曰：「今寇敵內侮，中土紛紜，社稷之危，有如累卵。 會鎮撫舊都，遠赴國難，其威名之重，足以震動四鄰。 逆狀未彰而遽殺之，豈徒傷父子恩，亦恐大損威望。」 寶曰：「會逆志已成，卿等慈恕，不忍早殺，恐一旦為變，必先害諸父，然後及吾，至時勿悔自負也！」 會聞之，益懼。
Bao told Nong and Long, "Hui will rebel—kill him now." They replied, "Invaders press in and the realm totters like a pile of eggs. Hui held the north and rode to the crisis; his fame steadies the frontiers. To kill him before guilt is clear wounds father and son and shatters morale." Bao said, "His treason is set; your mercy will let him strike the princes first, then me—do not regret it then!" Hearing this, Hui grew desperate.
32
夏，四月，癸酉，寶宿廣都黃榆谷。 會遣其黨仇尼歸、吳提染干帥壯士二十餘人分道襲農、隆，殺隆於賬下； 農被重創，執仇尼歸，逃入山中。 會以仇尼歸被執，事終顯發，乃夜詣寶曰：「農、隆謀逆，臣已除之。」 寶欲討會，陽為好言以安之曰：「吾固疑二王久矣，除之甚善。」
In summer, the fourth month, on guiyou, Bao camped at Huangyu Valley in Guangdu. Hui sent Qiu Ni Gui and Wu Ti Ran Gan with twenty braves each to assassinate Nong and Long; Long was killed in his tent; Nong was gravely wounded, seized Qiu Ni Gui, and fled into the hills. With Ni Gui captured, Hui went to Bao at night claiming he had killed rebel princes Nong and Long." Bao pretended approval: "I long suspected them—well done.2
33
甲戌，旦，會立仗嚴備，乃引道。 會欲棄隆喪，餘崇涕泣固請，乃聽載隨軍，農出，自歸，寶呵之曰：「何以自負邪！」 命執之。 行十餘里，寶顧召群臣食，且議農罪。 會就坐，寶目衛軍將軍慕輿騰使斬會，傷其首，不能殺。 會走赴其軍，勒兵攻寶。 寶帥數百騎馳二百里，晡時，至龍城。 會遣騎追至石城，不及。
On jiaxu at dawn Hui marched with full escort. Hui would have left Long coffin until Yu Chong tears made him take it along; Nong returned wounded; Bao scolded him, "How could you betray us?" He had Nong seized. Ten li on, Bao halted to dine and try Nong. As Hui sat down, Bao signaled Murong Teng to strike; Teng wounded but failed to kill him. Hui fled to his troops and attacked Bao. Bao galloped two hundred li with a few hundred horse and reached Longcheng by evening. Murong Hui's pursuers reached Shicheng but failed to catch Murong Bao.
34
乙亥，會遣仇尼歸攻龍城； 寶夜遣兵襲擊，破之。 會遣使請誅左右佞臣，並求為太子； 寶不許。 會盡收乘輿器服，以後宮分給將帥，署置百官，自稱皇太子、錄尚書事，引兵向龍城，以討慕輿騰為名； 丙子，頓兵城下。 寶臨西門，會乘馬遙與寶語，寶責讓之。 會命軍士向寶大噪以耀威，城中將士皆憤怒，向暮出戰，大破之，會兵死傷太半，走還營。 侍御郎高雲夜帥敢死士百餘人襲會軍，會眾皆潰。 會將十餘騎奔中山，開封公詳殺之。 寶殺會母及其三子。
On yihai, Murong Hui sent Qiu Ni to assault Longcheng; Murong Bao struck by night and routed them. Murong Hui sent envoys demanding the execution of Bao's favorites and asking to be named crown prince; Murong Bao refused. Murong Hui seized the imperial regalia, divided the harem among his officers, set up a rival court as crown prince and chief minister, and marched on Longcheng claiming to punish Murong Teng; On bingzi, he encamped beneath the walls. Murong Bao appeared at the west gate; Murong Hui rode up and shouted across to him; Bao rebuked him. Hui had his men jeer at Bao to intimidate him; the garrison erupted in fury and sallied at dusk, shattering his army—more than half his force was lost as they fled to camp. Attendant Gao Yun led a hundred suicide troops in a night raid; Hui's army collapsed. Murong Hui fled with a dozen riders toward Zhongshan; the Duke of Kaifeng Murong Xiang killed him. Murong Bao executed Hui's mother and three sons.
35
丁丑，寶大赦，凡與會同謀者，皆除罪，復舊職。 論功行賞，拜將軍、封侯者數百人。 遼西王農骨破見腦，寶手自裹創，僅而獲濟。 以農為左僕射，尋拜司空、領尚書令。 餘崇出自歸，寶嘉其忠，拜中堅將軍，使典宿衛。 贈高陽王隆司徒，謚曰康。
On dingchou, Murong Bao declared a general amnesty, pardoning all who had joined Hui and restoring them to office. Merit was rewarded with hundreds of promotions to general and enfeoffment as marquises. Prince of Liaoxi Murong Nong's skull was split open with brain showing; Murong Bao bandaged the wound himself; Nong barely survived. Nong was made Left Vice Director, then soon Grand Minister of Works and Director of the Imperial Secretariat. Yu Chong surrendered voluntarily; Bao praised his loyalty, made him General of the Central Guard, and put him over the palace guard. The late Prince of Gaoyang Murong Long was posthumously honored as Grand Minister of Works with the posthumous name Kang.
36
寶以高雲為建威將軍，封夕陽公，養以為子。 雲，高句麗之支屬也，燕王皝破高句麗，徙於青山，由是世為燕臣。 雲沉厚寡言，時人莫知，惟中衛將軍長樂馮跋奇其志度，與之為友。 跋父和，事西燕王永，為將軍，永敗，徙和龍。
Murong Bao made Gao Yun General Who Establishes Might, Duke of Xiyang, and adopted him as a son. Gao Yun was a collateral line of Goguryeo; after Yan King Murong Huang conquered Goguryeo and moved them to Qingshan, his family served Yan for generations. Gao Yun was grave and quiet; few knew him; only Central Guard General Feng Ba of Changle saw his depth and became his friend. Feng Ba's father He had served Western Yan's Wang Yong; after Yong's defeat they were resettled at Helong.
37
僕射王國寶、建威將軍王緒依附會稽王道子，納賄窮奢，不知紀極。 惡王恭、殷仲堪，勸道子裁損其兵權； 中外恟恟不安。 恭等各繕甲勒兵，表請北伐； 道子疑之，詔以盛夏妨農，悉使解嚴。
Vice Director Wang Guobao and General Who Establishes Might Wang Xu clung to Prince of Kuaiji Sima Daozi, taking bribes and living in boundless luxury. They hated Wang Gong and Yin Zhongkan and urged Daozi to strip them of military power; Anxiety spread through court and country. Gong and the others armed their men and memorialized for a northern expedition; Daozi, suspicious, ordered them all to stand down on the pretext that summer campaigning would harm the harvest.
38
恭遣使與仲堪謀討國寶等。 桓玄以仁不得志，欲假仲堪兵勢以作亂，乃說仲堪曰：「國寶與君諸人素已為對，唯患相斃之不速耳。 今既執大權，與王緒相表裡，其所回易，無不如志； 孝伯居元舅之地，必未敢害之。 君為先帝所拔，超居方任，人情皆以君為雖有思致，非方伯才。 彼若發詔征君為中書令，用殷覬為荊州，君何以處之？」 仲堪曰：「憂之久矣，計將安出？」 玄曰：「孝伯疾惡深至，君宜潛與之約，興晉陽之甲以除君側之惡，東西齊舉，玄雖不肖，願帥荊、楚豪傑，荷戈先驅，此桓、文之勳也。」 仲堪心然之，乃外結雍州荊史郗恢，內與從兄南蠻校尉覬、南郡相陳留江績謀之。 覬曰：「人臣各守職分，朝廷是非，豈籓屏之所制也！ 晉陽之事，不敢預聞。」 仲堪固邀之，覬怒曰：「吾進不敢同，退不敢異。」 績亦極言其不可。 覬恐績及禍，於坐和解之。 績曰：「大丈夫何至以死相脅邪？ 江仲元行年六十，但未獲死所耳！」 仲堪憚其堅正，以楊佺期代之。 朝廷聞之，征績為御史中丞。 覬遂稱疾發，辭位。 仲堪往省之，謂覬曰：「兄病殊為可憂。」 覬曰：「我病不過身死，汝病乃當滅門。 宜深自愛，勿以我為念！」 郗恢亦不肯從。 仲堪疑未決，會王恭使至，仲堪許之，恭大喜。 甲戌，恭上表罪狀國寶，舉兵討之。
Wang Gong sent envoys to Yin Zhongkan to plot against Guobao and his faction. Huan Xuan, frustrated in his ambitions, hoped to use Yin Zhongkan's armies to rebel; he told Zhongkan, "Guobao and your party have long been enemies—they only wish you would destroy one another faster. Now they hold real power, inside and out with Wang Xu, and nothing they want is denied; Wang Gong as the emperor's maternal uncle is probably safe from them. You were promoted by the late emperor beyond your station; people say you have wit but not the talent of a frontier governor. If they summon you to the Secretariat and put Yin Kai in charge of Jingzhou, what will you do?" Zhongkan said, "I have worried about this a long time. What do you advise?" Xuan said, "Wang Gong hates them to the bone. Secretly join him, raise Jinyang's armies to purge the court, and strike together east and west. Though I am unworthy, I will lead Jing and Chu with spear in hand—a feat worthy of Duke Huan or Duke Wen." Zhongkan agreed; he reached out to Yingzhou Inspector Xi Hui and plotted inwardly with his cousin Colonel of Southern Man Yin Kai and Nanjun Chancellor Jiang Ji of Chenliu. Kai said, "Ministers keep to their posts—how can a frontier governor judge the court's right and wrong! I will have no part in any Jinyang rising." When Zhongkan pressed him, Kai angrily said, "If I go forward I dare not join you; if I hold back I dare not oppose you." Jiang Ji also argued at length against it. Kai, fearing harm to Ji, reconciled them at the meeting. Ji said, "Would a true man threaten another with death? Jiang Zhongyuan is sixty—I simply have not yet found where to die!" Zhongkan, awed by his integrity, replaced him with Yang Quanqi. The court heard of it and summoned Ji to be Censor-in-Chief. Kai then feigned sudden illness and resigned. Zhongkan visited him and said, "Brother, your illness is deeply worrying." Kai said, "My illness is only my own death; yours will destroy your whole clan. Guard yourself well—do not think of me!" Xi Hui also refused. Zhongkan still wavered; when Wang Gong's envoy arrived he consented, and Gong rejoiced. On jiaxu, Wang Gong memorialized Guobao's crimes and took up arms against him.
39
初，孝武帝委任王珣，及帝暴崩，不及受顧命，珣一旦失勢，循默而已。 丁丑，王恭表至，外戒嚴嚴，道子問珣曰：「二籓作逆，卿知之乎？」 珣曰：「朝政得失，珣弗之預，王、殷作難，何由可知！」 王國寶惶懼，不知所為，遣數百人戍竹裡，夜遇風雨，各散歸。 王緒說國寶矯相王之命召王珣、車胤殺之，以除時望，因挾君相發兵以討二籓。 國寶許之。 珣、胤至，國寶不敢害，更問計於珣。 珣曰：「王、殷與卿素無深怨，所競不過勢利之間耳。」 國寶曰； 「將曹爽我乎？」 珣曰：「是何言歟！ 卿寧有爽之罪，王孝伯豈宣帝之儔邪？」 又問計於胤，胤曰：「昔桓公圍壽陽，彌時乃克。 今朝廷遣軍，恭必城守。 若京口未拔而上流奄至，君將何以待之？」 國寶尤懼，遂上疏解職，詣闕待罪。 既而悔之，詐稱詔復其本官。 道子暗懦，欲求姑息，乃委罪國寶，遣縹騎咨議參軍譙王尚之收國寶付廷尉。 尚之，恬之子也。 甲申，賜國寶死，斬緒於市，遣使詣恭，深謝愆失； 恭乃罷兵還京口。 國寶兄侍中愷、驃騎司馬愉並請解職； 道子以愷、愉與國寶異母，又素不協，皆釋不問。 戊子，大赦。
Emperor Xiaowu had favored Wang Xun; when the emperor died suddenly without naming Xun in his final charge, Xun lost influence and kept quiet. On dingchou, Gong's memorial arrived and outer defenses were tightened; Daozi asked Xun, "The two frontier lords are in revolt—did you know?" Xun said, "I had no hand in court affairs—how could I know Wang and Yin were rising?" Guobao panicked; he sent hundreds to garrison Zhuli, but a night storm scattered them home. Wang Xu urged Guobao to forge Daozi's orders, summon Wang Xun and Che Yin and kill them, then seize emperor and regent to attack the two fiefs. Guobao agreed. When Xun and Yin arrived, Guobao dared not kill them and asked Xun's counsel. Xun said, "Wang and Yin bear you no deep grudge—you merely compete for power and profit." Guobao said, "Will they do to me what was done to Cao Shuang?" Xun said, "What kind of talk is that! You are no Cao Shuang—is Wang Gong another Sima Yi?" He also asked Yin; Yin said, "When Duke Huan besieged Shouyang, it took a long time to fall. If the court sends troops now, Gong will hold his city. If Jingkou is not taken before upstream armies arrive, what will you do?" Guobao was terrified; he resigned and went to the palace to await judgment. He soon regretted it and falsely claimed an edict restoring his office. Daozi, weak and seeking compromise, blamed Guobao and sent Consultant Wang Shangzhi to seize him for the Court of Judicial Review. Shangzhi was the son of Wang Tian. On jiashen, Guobao was executed and Xu beheaded in the market; envoys apologized deeply to Gong; Gong then disbanded and returned to Jingkou. Guobao's half-brothers Attendant-in-Ordinary Wang Kai and Cavalry Chief of Staff Wang Yu both asked to resign; Daozi, noting they were Guobao's half-brothers and long estranged from him, released them without punishment. On wuzi, a general amnesty was declared.
40
殷仲堪雖許王恭，猶豫不敢下； 聞國寶等死，乃始抗表舉兵，遣楊佺期屯巴陵。 道子以書止之，仲堪乃還。
Yin Zhongkan had promised Wang Gong but hesitated to move; Only after Guobao's death did he submit a defiant memorial, raise troops, and send Yang Quanqi to Baling. Daozi checked him by letter and Zhongkan withdrew.
41
會稽世子元顯，年十六，有雋才，為侍中，說道子以王、殷終必為患，請潛為之備。 道子乃拜元顯征虜將軍，以其衛府及徐州文武悉配之。
Kuaiji heir Sima Yuanxian, sixteen and brilliant, warned Daozi that Wang and Yin would become a lasting threat and asked to prepare secretly. Daozi made Yuanxian General Who Punishes Barbarians and gave him his guard staff and all Xuzhou officials.
42
魏王珪以軍食不給，命東平公儀去鄴，徙屯巨鹿，積租楊城。 慕容詳出步卒六千人，伺間襲魏諸屯； 珪擊破之，斬首五千，生擒七百人，皆縱之。
Northern Wei King Tuoba Gui, short of provisions, ordered Duke of Dongping Tuoba Yi to leave Ye, camp at Julu, and levy grain at Yangcheng. Murong Xiang sent six thousand foot to raid Wei camps when chance offered; Tuoba Gui routed them, killed five thousand, captured seven hundred, and released them all.
43
初，張掖盧水胡沮渠羅仇，匈奴沮渠王之後也，世為部帥。 涼王光以羅仇為尚書，從光伐西秦。 及呂延敗死，羅仇弟三河太守麴粥謂羅仇曰：「主上荒耄信讒，今軍敗將死，正其猜忌智勇之時也。 吾兄弟必不見容，與其死之無名，不若勒兵向西平。 出苕藋，奮臂一呼，涼州不足定也。」 羅仇曰； 「誠如汝言。 然吾家世以忠孝著於西土，寧使人負我，我不忍負人也。」 光果聽讒，以敗軍之罪殺羅仇及麴粥。 羅仇弟子蒙遜，雄傑有策略，涉獵書史，以羅仇、麴粥之喪歸葬； 諸部多其族姻，會葬者凡萬餘人。 蒙遜哭謂眾曰：「呂王昏荒無道，多殺不辜。 吾之上世，虎視河西，今欲與諸部雪二父之恥，復上世之業，何如？」 眾咸稱萬歲。 遂結盟起兵，攻涼臨松郡，拔之，屯據金山。
Juqu Luogou of the Lushui Hu in Zhangye was descended from the Xiongnu Juqu kings and had led his tribe for generations. Later Liang King Lü Guang made Luogou a Director of the Secretariat and took him to attack Western Qin. After Lü Yan was defeated and killed, Luogou's brother Qu Mi, Administrator of Sanhe, said, "Our lord is old, muddled, and trusts slander; with the army broken and the general dead, he will now turn on the able. We will not be spared; better to die with purpose—muster troops toward Xiping. Reach Tiaomiao, raise one cry, and Liangzhou is ours." Luogou said, "You are right. Yet our house has been known for loyalty in the west; I would rather be wronged than wrong others." Lü Guang listened to slander and executed Luogou and Qu Mi for the defeat. Luogou's nephew Juqu Mengsun, a bold strategist versed in history, returned to bury Luogou and Qu Mi; Many tribes were kin; more than ten thousand attended the funeral. Mengsun wept and told the crowd, "King Lü is lawless and kills the innocent. My ancestors once ruled Hexi; will you join me to avenge our fathers and restore that legacy?" All shouted ten thousand years. They allied, rose in arms, took Liang's Linsong commandery, and encamped at Jinshan.
44
司徒左長史王廞，導之孫也，以母喪居吳。 王恭之討王國寶也，版廞行吳國內史，使起兵於東方。 廞使前吳國內史虞嘯等入吳興、義興召募兵眾，赴者萬計。 未幾，國寶死，恭罷兵，符珪去職，反喪服。 廞以起兵之際，誅異己者頗多，勢不得止，遂大怒，不承恭命，使其子泰將兵伐恭，箋於會稽王道子，稱恭罪惡； 道子以其箋送恭，五月，恭遣司馬劉牢之帥五千人擊泰，斬之。 又與廞戰於曲阿，眾潰，廞單騎走，不知所在。 收虞嘯父下廷尉，以其祖潭有功，免為庶人。
Wang Yin, left chief clerk to the Grand Minister of Works and grandson of Wang Dao, was mourning his mother in Wu. When Wang Gong moved against Guobao, he commissioned Wang Yin Acting Administrator of Wu to raise troops in the east. Yin sent former Administrator Yu Xiao and others into Wuxing and Yixing to recruit; tens of thousands answered. Soon Guobao was dead, Gong stood down, and Yin left office to resume mourning dress. Having killed many rivals when he mobilized, Yin could not stop; he defied Gong, sent his son Tai against him, and wrote Daozi denouncing Gong; Daozi forwarded the letter to Gong; in the fifth month Gong sent Liu Laozhi with five thousand men, killed Tai, and beheaded him. He then fought Yin at Qu'a; Yin's force collapsed; Yin fled alone and vanished. Yu Xiao's father was sent to the Court of Judicial Review; because his grandfather Tan had served well, he was pardoned to commoner status.
45
燕庫辱官驥入中山，與開封公詳相攻。 詳殺驥，盡滅庫辱官氏； 又殺中山尹苻謨，夷其族。 中山城無定主，民恐魏兵乘之，男女結盟，人自為戰。 甲辰，魏王珪罷中山之圍，就谷河間，督諸郡義租。 甲寅，以東平公儀為驃騎大將軍、都督中外諸軍事、兗、豫、雍、荊、徐、揚六州牧、左丞相，封衛王。 慕容詳自謂能卻魏兵，威德已振，乃即皇帝位，改元建始，置百官。 以新平公可足渾潭為車騎大將軍、尚書令，殺拓跋觚以固眾心。
Later Yan's Kuru official Ji entered Zhongshan and clashed with Duke of Kaifeng Murong Xiang. Murong Xiang killed Ji and wiped out the Kuru official clan; He also killed Zhongshan Prefect Fu Mo and exterminated his family. With no stable ruler in Zhongshan, the people feared Wei would strike; families swore oaths and fought on their own. On jiachen, Tuoba Gui lifted the Zhongshan siege, foraged in Hejian, and collected emergency grain across the commanderies. On jiayin, Tuoba Yi was made Cavalry-in-Chief, supreme commander, governor of six provinces, Left Chancellor, and Prince of Wei. Murong Xiang, confident he could beat Wei, declared himself emperor, adopted the era Jianshi, and set up a court. He made Kezuhun Tan Cavalry-in-Chief and Director of the Secretariat and killed the Wei hostage Tuoba Gu to win loyalty.
46
鄴中官屬勸范陽王德稱尊號，會有自龍城來者，知燕主寶猶存，乃止。
Ye officials urged Prince of Fanyang Murong De to declare himself emperor; news from Longcheng that Murong Bao still lived stopped them.
47
涼王光遣太原公纂將兵擊沮渠蒙遜忽谷，破之。 蒙遜逃入山中。 蒙遜從兄男成為涼將軍，聞蒙遜起兵，亦合眾數千屯樂涫。 酒泉太守壘澄討男成，兵敗，澄死。 男成進攻建康，遣使說建康太守段業曰：「呂氏政衰，權臣擅命，刑殺無常，人無容處。 一州之地，叛者相望，瓦解之形，昭然在目，百姓嗷然無所依附。 府君奈何以蓋世之才，欲立忠於垂亡之國！ 男成等既唱大義，欲屈府君撫臨鄙州，使塗炭之餘，蒙來蘇之惠，何如？」 業不從。 相持二旬，外救不至，郡人高逵、史惠等勸業從男成之請。 業素與涼侍中房晷、僕射王詳不平，懼不自安，乃許之。 男成等推業為大都督、龍驤大將軍、涼州牧、建康公，改元神璽。 以男成為輔國將軍，委以軍國之任。 蒙遜帥眾歸業，業以蒙遜為鎮西將軍。 光命太原公纂將兵討業，不克。
Lü Guang sent Prince of Taiyuan Lü Zuan to attack Juqu Mengsun at Hugu and defeated him. Mengsun fled into the hills. Mengsun's cousin Juqu Nancheng, a Liang general, heard of the revolt and gathered thousands at Yueguan. Jiuquan Administrator Lei Cheng attacked Nancheng, was defeated, and died. Nancheng marched on Jiankang and urged Administrator Duan Ye, "The Lü regime is failing; ministers rule by force; killings are random and no one is safe. Rebels fill the province; collapse is obvious; the people have nowhere to turn. My lord, with your gifts, why die for a doomed state! We ask you to lead this region and bring the people back to life—will you accept?" Ye refused. After twenty days without relief, Gao Kui and Shi Hui urged Ye to accept. Ye, feuding with Fang Chao and Wang Xiang and fearing for his safety, agreed. They made Ye Grand Commander, Dragon Cavalry General, Governor of Liangzhou, and Duke of Jiankang, with era Shenxi. Nancheng was made General Who Supports the State with full military authority. Mengsun joined Ye with his army; Ye made him General Who Guards the West. Lü Guang sent Lü Zuan against Ye but failed to take him.
48
六月，西秦王乾歸征河州刺史彭奚念為鎮衛將軍； 以鎮西將軍屋弘破光為河州牧； 定州刺史翟瑁為興晉太守，鎮枹罕。
In the sixth month, Western Qin ruler Qifu Qiangui made Peng Xinian of Hezhou General Who Guards the Realm; He made Wuyu Hong, who had defeated Guang, Governor of Hezhou; He made Zhai Wei Xingjin Administrator and stationed him at Fuhan.
49
秋，七月，慕容詳殺可足渾潭。 詳嗜酒奢浮，不恤士民，刑殺無度，所誅王公以下五百餘人，群下離心。 城中饑窘，詳不聽民出采穭，死者相枕，舉城皆謀迎趙王麟。 詳遣輔國將軍張驤帥五千餘人督租於常山，麟自丁零入驤軍，潛襲中山，城門不閉，執詳，斬之。 麟遂稱尊號，聽人四出采穭。 人既飽，求與魏戰。 麟不從，稍復窮餒。 魏王珪軍魯口，遣長孫肥帥騎七千襲中山，入其郛； 麟進至泒水，為魏所敗而還。
In autumn, the seventh month, Murong Xiang killed Kezuhun Tan. Xiang drank heavily, lived lavishly, ignored soldiers and people, and executed more than five hundred from princes down; his followers turned against him. Starvation gripped the city; Xiang forbade foraging; corpses piled up; the city plotted to welcome Prince Zhao Murong Lin. Xiang sent Zhang Yang with five thousand to levy grain in Changshan; Murong Lin infiltrated Yang's force from Dingling, seized Zhongshan with gates open, captured Xiang, and beheaded him. Lin declared himself emperor and let the people forage freely. Once fed, they demanded battle with Wei. Lin refused; hunger returned. Tuoba Gui camped at Lukou and sent Zhangsun Fei with seven thousand horse to raid Zhongshan and enter the outer city; Murong Lin advanced to the Gushui, was beaten by Wei, and retreated.
50
八月，丙寅朔，魏王珪徙軍常山之九門。 軍中大疫，人畜多死，將士皆思歸。 珪問疫於諸將，對曰：「在者才什四、五。」 珪曰：「此固天命，將若之何？ 四海之民，皆可為國，在吾所以御之耳，何患無民！」 群臣乃不敢言。 遣撫軍大將軍略陽公遵襲中山，入其郛而還。
In the eighth month, on bingyin, the new moon, Tuoba Gui moved to Jiumen in Changshan. Plague ravaged the army; men and livestock died in masses; the troops wanted to go home. Tuoba Gui asked his generals about the plague; they said, "Only four or five tenths remain." He said, "This is Heaven's will—what can we do? All under heaven can become my people—it depends on how I rule them—why fear a shortage of men!" The ministers fell silent. He sent Duke of Lueyang Tuoba Zun to raid Zhongshan, enter the outer wall, and withdraw.
51
燕以遼西王農為都督中外諸軍事、大司馬、錄尚書事。
Later Yan made Prince of Liaoxi Murong Nong supreme commander, Grand Marshal, and Recorder of the Imperial Secretariat.
52
涼散騎常侍、太常西平郭黁，善天文數術，國人信重之。 會熒惑守東井，黁謂僕射王詳曰：「涼之分野，將有大兵。 主上老病，太子闇弱，太原公凶悍。 一旦不諱，禍亂必起。 吾二人久居內要，彼常切齒，將為誅首矣。 田胡王乞基部落最強，二苑之人，多其舊眾。 吾欲與公舉大事，推乞基為主，二苑之眾，盡我有也。 得城之後，徐更議之。」 詳從之。 黁夜以二苑之眾燒洪範門，使詳為內應； 事洩，詳被誅，黁遂據東苑以叛。 民間皆言聖人起兵，事無不成，從之者甚眾。
Later Liang Palace Attendant Guo Fen of Xiping, expert in astronomy and divination, was deeply trusted. When Mars lodged in the Eastern Well, Fen told Wang Xiang, "Liang's fate is under attack—great war approaches. The king is old and sick; the heir is weak; Prince of Taiyuan Lü Zuan is savage. When he dies, chaos will follow. We have long held inner power—they hate us and will kill us first. Tianhu King Qi Ji's tribe is strongest; many in the two parks follow him. Let us raise a revolt, make Qi Ji leader, and the two parks will be ours. Once we hold the city, we can decide what comes next." Xiang agreed. Fen led the two parks by night to burn the Hongfan Gate, with Xiang as inside contact; The plot leaked; Xiang was killed; Fen seized the Eastern Park and rebelled. People said a sage had risen and success was assured; multitudes joined.
53
涼王光召太原公纂使討黁。 纂將還，諸將皆曰：「段業必躡軍後，宜潛師夜發。」 纂曰：「業無雄才，恁城自守； 若潛師夜去，適足張其氣勢耳。」 乃遣使告業曰：「郭黁作亂，吾今還都； 卿能決者，可早出戰。」 於是引還。 業不敢出。
Lü Guang summoned Lü Zuan to suppress Fen. As Zuan prepared to withdraw, his generals said, "Duan Ye will pursue—we should march by night." Zuan said, "Ye lacks ability and will only hold his walls; A secret night march would only boost his confidence." He sent Ye word, "Guo Fen has rebelled; I am returning to the capital; if you dare, come out and fight." Then he marched back. Ye dared not sally.
54
纂司馬楊統謂其從兄桓曰：「郭黁舉事，必不虛發。 吾欲殺纂，推兄為主，西襲呂弘，據張掖，號令諸郡，此千載一時也。」 桓怒曰：「吾為呂氏臣，安享其祿，危不能救，豈可復增其難乎？ 呂氏若亡，吾為弘演矣！」 統至番禾，遂叛歸黁。 弘，纂之弟也。
Zuan's marshal Yang Tong told his cousin Huan, "Guo Fen's revolt is no bluff. I want to kill Zuan, make you leader, strike Lü Hong in the west, seize Zhangye, and command the region—a once-in-a-thousand-years chance." Huan angrily replied, "I serve the Lü house and eat its pay; though I cannot save it in crisis, how can I make it worse? If the Lü fall, I will be another Hong Yan!" Tong reached Fanhe and defected to Fen. Lü Hong was Zuan's younger brother.
55
纂與西安太守石元良共擊黁，大破之，乃得入姑臧。 黁得光孫八人於東苑，及敗而恚，悉投於鋒上，枝分節解，飲其血以盟眾，眾皆掩目。
Zuan and Xi'an Administrator Shi Yuanliang crushed Fen and at last entered Guzang. Fen had seized eight of Guang's grandsons in the Eastern Park; defeated, he dismembered them on spears, drank their blood to swear his men, and all looked away.
56
涼人張捷、宋生等招集戎、夏三千人，反於休屠城，與黁共推涼後將軍楊軌為盟主。 軌，略陽氐也。 將軍程肇諫曰：「卿棄龍頭而從蛇尾，非計也。」 軌不從，自稱大將軍、涼州牧、西平公。
Zhang Jie, Song Sheng, and others raised three thousand Rong and Xia at Xiutu and with Fen made Rear General Yang Gui their covenant leader. Yang Gui was Lueyang Di. General Cheng Zhao warned, "You leave the dragon's head to follow the snake's tail—bad strategy." Gui refused and styled himself Grand General, Governor of Liangzhou, and Duke of Xiping.
57
纂擊破黁將王斐於城西，黁兵勢漸衰，遣使請救於禿髮烏孤。 九月，烏孤使其弟驃騎將軍利鹿孤帥騎兵五千赴之。
Zuan beat Fen's general Wang Fei west of the city; Fen weakened and asked Tufa Wugu for aid. In the ninth month, Wugu sent his brother Lilugu with five thousand horse.
58
秦太后蛇氏卒。 秦主興哀毀過禮，不親庶政。 群臣請依漢、魏故事，即葬即吉。 尚書郎李嵩上疏曰：「孝治天下，先王之高事也。 宜遵聖性以光道訓，既葬之後，素服臨朝。」 尹緯駁曰：「嵩矯常越禮，請付有司論罪。」 興曰：「嵩忠臣孝子，有何罪乎！ 其一如嵩議。」
Former Qin Empress Dowager Lady She died. Qin ruler Yao Xing mourned excessively and neglected government. Ministers asked to follow Han and Wei custom and resume rule after burial. Secretary Li Song memorialized, "Filial piety governs the realm—it is the highest duty of kings. Follow your nature to honor the Way; after burial, hold court in plain dress." Yin Wei objected that Song violated custom and asked he be punished." Xing said, "Song is loyal and filial—what crime is that! Do as Song advised."3
59
鮮卑薛勃叛秦，秦主興自將討之。 勃敗，奔沒弈干，沒弈干執送之。
The Xianbei Xue Bo rebelled; Yao Xing marched against him in person. Bo was beaten, fled to Moyigan, who captured and delivered him.
60
秦泫氏男姚買得謀弒秦主興，不克而死。
Yao Maide of the Xuan clan plotted to kill Yao Xing, failed, and died.
61
秦主興入寇湖城，弘農太守陶仲山、華山太守董邁皆降之。 遂至陝城，進寇上洛，拔之。 遣姚崇寇洛陽，河南太守夏侯宗之固守金墉，崇攻之不克，乃徙流民二萬餘戶而還。
Yao Xing invaded Hucheng; Tao Zhongshan of Hongnong and Dong Mai of Huashan surrendered. He reached Shancheng, raided Shangluo, and captured it. He sent Yao Chong against Luoyang; Xiahou Zongzhi held Jinyong; Chong failed and relocated more than twenty thousand refugees.
62
武都氐屠飛、啖鐵等據方山以叛秦，興遣姚紹等討之，斬飛、鐵。
Tu Fei and Tan Tie of Wudu Di held Fangshan in revolt; Yao Xing sent Yao Shao, who killed them.
63
興勤於政事，延納善言，京兆杜瑾等皆以論事得顯拔，天水姜龕等以儒學見尊禮，給事黃門侍郎古成詵等以文章參機密。 詵剛介雅正，以風教為己任。 京兆韋高慕阮籍之為人，居母喪，彈琴餘酒； 詵聞之而泣，持劍求高，欲殺之，高懼而逃匿。
Yao Xing worked hard at government and welcomed good advice; Du Jin and others rose by policy debate, Jiang Kan by Confucian learning, and Gu Cheng Shen by literary talent in confidential posts. Gu Cheng Shen was upright and made moral reform his mission. Wei Gao of Jingzhao admired Ruan Ji; in mourning for his mother he still played music and drank; Shen wept on hearing it, seized a sword to kill Gao, who fled in terror.
64
中山饑甚，慕容麟帥二萬餘人出據新市。 甲子晦，魏王珪進軍攻之。 太史令晁崇曰：「不吉。 昔紂以甲子亡，謂之疾日，兵家忌之。」 珪曰：「紂以甲子亡，周武不以甲子興乎？」 崇無以對。 冬，十月，丙寅，麟退阻泒水。 甲戌，珪與麟戰於義台，大破之，斬首九千餘級。 麟與數十騎馳取妻子入西山，遂奔鄴。
Starvation in Zhongshan was severe; Murong Lin led more than twenty thousand out to Xincheng. On jiazi, the month's last day, Tuoba Gui attacked him. Astrologer Chao Chong said, "This day is ill-omened. King Zhou of Shang fell on jiazi—the "ill day" armies shun." Tuoba Gui said, "Shang fell on jiazi—did King Wu of Zhou not rise on jiazi?" Chong could not answer. In winter, the tenth month, on bingyin, Lin retreated to hold the Gushui. On jiaxu, Tuoba Gui routed Murong Lin at Yitai, taking more than nine thousand heads. Lin fled with a few dozen riders, gathered his family into the western hills, and ran to Ye.
65
甲申，魏克中山，燕公卿、尚書、將吏、士卒降者二萬餘人。 張驤、李沈等先嘗降魏，覆亡去； 珪入城，皆赦之。 得燕璽緩，圖書、府庫珍寶以萬數，班賞群臣將士有差。 追謚弟觚為秦愍王。 發慕容詳塚，斬其屍； 收殺觚者高霸、程同，皆夷五族，以大刃剉之。 丁亥，遣三萬騎就衛王儀，將攻鄴。
On jiashen, Wei captured Zhongshan; more than twenty thousand Yan officials, clerks, and soldiers surrendered. Zhang Yang, Li Chen, and others had surrendered to Wei and then rebelled; Tuoba Gui pardoned them all on entering the city. He seized Yan's seal, archives, and treasures by the myriad and rewarded ministers and soldiers by rank. He posthumously honored his brother Tuoba Gu as Prince Min of Qin. He opened Murong Xiang's tomb and beheaded the corpse; He executed Gao Ba and Cheng Tong, Gu's killers, exterminating their families to the fifth degree and hacking them apart. On dinghai, he sent thirty thousand horse to Prince of Wei Tuoba Yi to attack Ye.
66
秦長水校尉姚珍奔西秦，西秦王乾歸以女妻之。
Qin Chief of Changshui Yao Zhen fled to Western Qin; Qifu Qiangui gave him his daughter in marriage.
67
河南鮮卑吐秣等十二部大人，皆附於禿髮烏孤。
Twelve Henan Xianbei chiefs including Tumu submitted to Tufa Wugu.
68
燕人有自中山至龍城者，言拓跋涉珪衰弱，司徒德完守鄴城。 會德表至，勸燕主寶南還，寶於是大簡士馬，將復取中原。 遣鴻臚魯邃冊拜德為丞相、冀州牧，南夏公候牧守皆聽承製封拜。 十一月，癸丑，燕大赦。 十二月，調兵悉集，戒嚴在頓，遣將軍啟侖南視形勢。
A Yan man from Zhongshan told Longcheng that Tuoba Gui was weak and Murong De held Ye firm. When Murong De's memorial arrived urging Murong Bao south, Bao mustered a great host to recover the Central Plains. He sent Lu Sui to appoint De Chancellor and Governor of Jizhou, with southern officials empowered to grant titles. In the eleventh month, on guichou, Later Yan declared a general amnesty. In the twelfth month, troops assembled, defenses were set, and General Qilun was sent south to scout.
69
乙亥，慕容麟至鄴，復稱趙王，說范陽王德曰：「魏既克中山，將乘勝攻鄴，鄴中雖有蓄積，然城大難固，且人心恇懼，不可守也。 不如南趣滑台，阻河以待魏，伺釁而動，河北庶可復也。」 時魯陽王和鎮滑台，和，垂之弟子也，亦遣使迎德，德許之。
On yihai, Murong Lin reached Ye, took the title Prince of Zhao again, and told Murong De, "Wei has Zhongshan and will strike Ye; stores are plentiful but the walls are vast, morale is shaken, and the city cannot hold. Better to flee south to Huatai, hold the Yellow River against Wei, and wait for a chance to retake Hebei." Prince of Luyang Murong He held Huatai—Chui's nephew—and also sent for De, who agreed.
Footnotes
- (End of Bao's reply.)
- (End of Bao's feigned reassurance.)
- (End of speech.)