1
資治通鑑第138卷卷第一百三十八。 【齊紀四】昭陽作噩,一年。。 世祖武皇帝下永明十一年(癸酉,公元四九三年)。 春,正月,以驃騎大將軍王敬則為司空,鎮軍大將軍陳顯達為江州刺史。 顯達自以門寒位重,每遷官,常有愧懼之色,戒其子勿以富貴陵人; 而諸子多事豪侈,顯達聞之,不悅。 子休尚為郢府主簿,過九江。 顯達曰:「麈尾蠅拂是王、謝家物,汝不須捉此!」 即取於前燒之。。 初,上於石頭造露車三千乘,欲步道取彭城。 魏人知之,劉昶數泣訴於魏主,乞處邊戍,招集遺民,以雪私恥。 魏主大會公卿於經武殿,以議南伐,於淮、泗間大積馬芻。 上聞之,以右衛將軍崔慧景為豫州刺史以備之。。 魏遣員外散騎侍郎邢巒等來聘。 巒,穎之孫也。。 丙子,文惠太子長懋卒。 太子風韻甚和,上晚年好游宴,尚書曹事分送太子省之,由是威加內外。。 太子性奢靡,治堂殿、園囿過於上宮,費以千萬計,恐上望見之,乃傍門列修竹; 凡諸服玩,率多僭侈。 啟於東田起小苑,使東宮將吏更番築役,營城包巷,彌亙華遠。 上性雖嚴,多布耳目,太子所為,人莫敢以聞。 上嘗過太子東田,見其壯麗,大怒,收監作主帥; 太子皆藏之,由是大被誚責。。 又使嬖人徐文景造輦及乘輿御物; 上嘗幸東宮,匆匆不暇藏輦,文景乃以佛像內輦中,故上不疑。 文景父陶仁謂文景曰:「我正當掃墓待喪耳!」 仍移家避之。 後文景竟賜死,陶仁遂不哭。。 及太子卒,上履行東宮,見其服玩,大怒,敕有司隨事毀除。 以竟陵王子良與太子善,而不啟聞,並責之。。 太子素惡西昌侯鸞,嘗謂子良曰:「我意中殊不喜此人,不解其故,當由其福薄故也。」 子良為之救解。 及鸞得政,太子子孫無遺焉。。 二月,魏主始耕藉田於平城南。。 雍州刺史王奐惡寧蠻長史劉興祖,收繫獄,誣其構扇山蠻,欲為亂,敕送興祖下建康; 奐於獄中殺之,詐雲自經。 上大怒,遣中書舍人呂文顯、直閣將軍曹道剛將齋仗五百人收奐,敕鎮西司馬曹虎從江陵步道會襄陽。。 奐子彪,素凶險,奐不能制。 長史殷睿,奐之婿也。 謂奐曰:「曹、呂來,既不見真敕,恐為奸變,正宜錄取,馳啟聞耳。」 奐納之。 彪輒發州兵千餘人,開庫配甲仗,出南堂,陳兵,閉門拒守。 奐門生鄭羽叩頭啟奐,乞出城迎台使,奐曰:「我不作賊,欲先遣啟自申; 正恐曹、呂輩小人相陵藉,故且閉門自守耳。」 彪遂出,與虎軍戰,兵敗,走歸。 三月,乙亥,司馬黃瑤起、寧蠻長史河東裴叔業於城內起兵,攻奐,斬之,執彪及弟爽、弼、殷睿,皆伏誅。 彪兄融、琛死於建康,琛弟秘書丞肅獨得脫,奔魏。。 夏,四月,甲午,立南郡王昭業為皇太孫,東宮文武悉改為太孫官屬,以太子妃琅邪王氏為皇太孫太妃,南郡王妃何氏為皇太孫妃。 妃戢,之女也。。 魏太尉丕等請建中宮,戊戌,立皇后馮氏。 後,熙之女也。 魏主以《白虎通》云:「王者不臣妻之父母」,下詔令太師上書不稱臣,入朝不拜; 熙固辭。。 光城蠻帥征虜將軍田益宗帥部落四千餘戶叛,降於魏。。 五月,壬戌,魏主宴四廟子孫於宣文堂,親與之齒,用家人禮。。 甲子,魏主臨朝堂,引公卿以下決疑政,錄囚徒。 帝謂司空穆亮曰:「自今朝廷政事,日中以前,卿等先自論議; 日中以後,朕與卿等共決之。」。 丙子,以宜都王鏗為南豫州刺史。 先是廬陵王子卿為南豫州刺史,之鎮,道中戲部伍為水軍; 上聞之,大怒,殺其典簽,以鏗代之。 子卿還第,上終身不與相見。 襄陽蠻首雷婆思等帥戶千餘求內徙於魏,魏人處之沔北。。 魏主以平城地寒,六月雨雪,風沙常起,將遷都洛陽; 恐群臣不從,乃議大舉伐齊,欲以脅眾。 齋於明堂左個,使太常卿王諶筮之,遇「革」,帝曰:「『湯、武革命,順乎天而應乎人。』 吉孰大焉!」 群臣莫敢言。 尚書任城王澄曰:「陛下弈葉重光,帝有中土; 今出師以征未服,而得湯、武革命之象,未為全吉也。」 帝厲聲曰:「繇云:『大人虎變』,何言不吉!」 澄曰:「陛下龍興已久,何得今乃虎變!」 帝作色曰:「社稷我之社稷,任城欲沮眾邪!」 澄曰:「社稷雖為陛下之有,臣為社稷之臣,安可知危而不言!」 帝久之乃解,曰:「各言其志,夫亦何傷!」。 既還宮,召澄入見,逆謂之曰:「向者《革卦》,今當更與卿論之。 明堂之忿,恐人人競言,沮我大計,故以聲色怖文武耳。 想識朕意。」 因屏人,謂澄曰:「今日之舉,誠為不易。 但國家興自朔土,徙居平城; 此乃用武之地,非可文治。 今將移風易俗,其道誠難,朕欲因此遷宅中原,卿以為何如?」 澄曰:「陛下欲卜宅中土,以經略四海,此周、漢之所以興隆也。」 帝曰:「北人習常戀故,必將驚擾,奈何?」 澄曰:「非常之事,故非常人之所及。 陛下斷自聖心,彼亦何所能為!」 帝曰; 「任城,吾之子房也!」。 六月,丙戌,命作河橋,欲以濟師。 秘書監盧淵上表,以為:「前世承平之主,未嘗親御六軍,決勝行陳之間; 豈非勝之不足為武,不勝有虧威望乎! 昔魏武以弊卒一萬破袁紹,謝玄以步兵三千摧苻秦,勝負之變,決於須臾,不在眾寡也。」 詔報曰:「承平之主,所以不親戎事者,或以同軌無敵,或以懦劣偷安。 今謂之同軌則未然,比之懦劣則可恥,必若王者不當親戎,則先王制革輅,何所施也? 魏武之勝,蓋由仗順,苻氏之敗,亦由失政; 豈寡必能勝眾,弱必能制強邪!」 丁未,魏主講武,命尚書李沖典武選。。 建康僧法智與徐州民周盤龍等作亂,夜,攻徐州城,入之; 刺史王玄邈討誅之。。 秋,七月,癸丑,魏立皇子恂為太子。。 戊午,魏中外戒嚴,發露布及移書,稱當南伐。 詔發揚、徐州民丁,廣設召募以備之。。 中書郎王融,自恃人地,三十內望為公輔。 嘗夜直省中,撫案歎曰:「為爾寂寂,鄧禹笑人!」 行逢朱雀桁開,喧湫不得進,捶車壁歎曰:「車前無八騶,何得稱丈夫!」 竟陵王子良愛其文學,特親厚之。。 融見上有北伐之志,數上書獎勸,因大習騎射。 及魏將入寇,子良於東府募兵,版融寧朔將軍,使典其事。 融傾意招納,得江西傖楚數百人,並有干用。。 會上不豫,詔子良甲仗入延昌殿侍醫藥; 子良以蕭衍、范雲等皆為帳內軍主。 戊辰,遣江州刺史陳顯達鎮樊城。 上慮朝野憂遑,力疾召木府奏正聲伎。 子良日夜在內,太孫間日參承。。 戊寅,上疾亟,暫絕; 太孫未入,內外惶懼,百僚皆已變服。 王融欲矯詔立子良,詔草已立。 蕭衍謂范雲曰:「道路籍籍,皆雲將有非常之舉。 王元長非濟世才,視其敗也。」 雲曰:「憂國家者,唯有王中書耳。」 衍曰:「憂國,欲為周、召,欲為豎刁邪?」 雲不敢答。 及太孫來,王融戎服絳衫,於中書省閣口斷東宮仗不得進。 頃之,上復甦,問太孫所在,因召東宮器甲皆入,以朝事委尚書左僕射西昌侯鸞。 俄而上殂,融處分以子良兵禁諸門。 鸞聞之,急馳至雲龍門,不得進,鸞曰:「有敕召我!」 排之而入,奉太孫登殿,命左右扶出子良; 指麾部署,音響如鐘,殿中無不從命。 融知不遂,釋服還省,歎曰:「公誤我!」 由是鬱林王深怨之。。 遺詔曰:「太孫進德日茂,社稷有寄。 子良善相毘輔,思弘治道,內外眾事,無大小悉與鸞參懷,共下意! 尚書中事,職務根本,悉委右僕射王晏、吏部尚書徐孝嗣; 軍旅之略,委王敬則、陳顯達、王廣之、王玄邈、沈文季、張瑰、薛淵等。」。 世祖留心政事,務總大體,嚴明有斷,郡縣久於其職,長吏犯法,封刃行誅。 故永明之世,百姓豐樂,賊盜屏息。 然頗好游宴,華靡之事,常言恨之,未能頓遣。。 鬱林王之未立也,眾皆疑立子良,口語喧騰。 武陵王曄於眾中大言曰:「若立民,則應在我; 立嫡,則應在太孫。」 由是帝深憑賴之。 直閣周奉叔、曹道剛素為帝心膂,並使監殿中直衛; 少日,復以道剛為黃門郎。。 初,西昌侯鸞為太祖所愛,鸞性儉素,車服儀從,同於素士,所居官名為嚴能,故世祖亦重之。 世祖遺詔,使竟陵王子良輔政,鸞知尚書事。 子良素仁厚,不樂世務,乃更推鸞,故遺詔云「事無大小,悉與鸞參懷」,子良之志也。。 帝少養於子良妃袁氏,慈愛甚著。 及王融有謀,遂深忌子良。 大行出太極殿,子良居中書省,帝使虎賁中郎將潘敞領二百人仗屯太極西階以防之。 既成服,諸王皆出,子良乞停至山陵,不許。。 壬午,稱遺詔,以武陵王曄為衛將軍,與征南大將軍陳顯達並開府儀同三司; 尚書左僕射、西昌侯鸞為尚書令; 太孫詹事沈文季為護軍。 癸未,以竟陵王子良為太傅; 蠲除三調及眾逋,省御府及無用池田、邸治。 減關市徵稅。。 先是,蠲原之詔,多無事實,督責如故。 是時西昌侯鸞知政,恩信兩行,眾皆悅之。。 魏山陽景桓公尉元卒。。 魏主使錄尚書事廣陵王羽持節安撫六鎮,發其突騎。 丁亥,魏主辭永固陵; 己丑,發平城,南伐,步騎三十餘萬; 使太尉丕與廣陵王羽留守平城,並加使持節。 羽曰:「太尉宜專節度,臣正可為副。」 魏主曰:「老者之智,少者之決,汝無辭也。」 以河南王干為車騎大將軍、都督關右諸軍事,又以司空穆亮、安南將軍盧淵、平南將軍薛胤皆為干副,眾合七萬出子午谷。 胤,辯之曾孫也。。 鬱林王性辯慧,美容止,善應對,哀樂過人; 世祖由是愛之。 而矯情飾詐,陰懷鄙慝,與左右群小共衣食,同臥起。。 始為南郡王,從竟陵王子良在西州,文惠太子每禁其起居,節其用度。 王密就富人求錢,無敢不與。 別作鑰鉤,夜開西州後閣,與左右至諸營署中淫宴。 師史仁祖、侍書胡天翼相謂曰:「若言之二宮,則其事未易; 若於營署為異人所毆及犬物所傷,豈直罪止一身,亦當盡室及禍。 年各七十,餘生豈足吝邪!」 數日間,二人相繼自殺,二宮不知也。 所愛左右,皆逆加官爵,疏於黃紙,使囊盛帶之,許南面之日,依此施行。。 侍太子疾及居喪,憂容號毀,見者嗚咽; 裁還私室,即歡笑酣飲。 常令女巫楊氏禱祀,速求天位。 及太子卒,謂由楊氏之力,倍加敬倍。 既為太孫,世祖有疾,又令楊氏禱祀。 時何妃猶在西州,世祖疾稍危,太孫與何妃書,紙中央作一大喜字,而作三十六小喜字繞之。。 侍世祖疾,言發淚下。 世祖以為必能負荷大業,謂曰:「五年中一委宰相,汝勿措意; 五年外勿復委人。 若自作無成,無所多恨。」 臨終,執其手曰:「若憶翁,當好作!」 遂殂。 大斂始畢,悉呼世祖諸伎,備奏眾樂。。 即位十餘日,即收王融下廷尉,使中丞孔稚珪奏融險躁輕狡,招納不逞,誹謗朝政。 融求援於竟陵王子良,子良憂懼,不敢救。 遂於獄賜死,時年二十七。。 初,融欲與東海徐勉相識,每托人召之。 勉謂人曰:「王君名高望促,難可輕{敝衣}衣裾。」 俄而融及禍。 勉由是知名。 太學生會稽魏准,以才學為融所賞; 融欲立子良,准鼓成其事。 太學生虞羲、丘國賓竊相謂曰:「竟陵才弱,王中書無斷,敗在眼中矣。」 及融誅,召准入舍人省詰問,惶懼而死,舉體皆青,時人以為膽破。。 壬寅,魏主至肆州,見道路民有跛、眇者,停駕慰勞,給衣食終身。。 大司馬安定王休執軍士為盜者三人,以徇於軍,將斬之。 魏主行軍遇之,命赦之,休不可,曰:「陛下親御六師,將遠清江表,今始行至此,而小人已為攘盜,不斬之,何以禁奸!」 帝曰:「誠如卿言。 然王者之體,時有非常之澤。 三人罪雖應死,而因緣遇朕,雖違軍法,可特赦之。」 既而謂司徒馮誕曰:「大司馬執法嚴,諸君不可不慎。」 於是軍中肅然。。 臣光曰:「人主之於其國,譬猶一身,視遠如視邇,在境如在庭。 舉賢才以任百官,修政事以利百姓,則封域之內無不得其所矣。 是以先王黈纊塞耳,前旒蔽明,欲其廢耳目之近用,推聰明於四遠也。 彼廢疾者宜養,當命有司均之於境內,今獨施於道路之所遇,則所遺者多矣。 其為仁也,不亦微乎! 況赦罪人以橈有司之法,尤非人君之體也。 惜也! 孝文,魏之賢君,而猶有是乎!。 戊申,魏主至并州。 并州刺史王襲,治有聲跡,境內安靜,帝嘉之。 襲教民多立銘置道側,虛稱其美; 帝聞而問之,襲對不以實。 帝怒,降襲號二等。。 九月,壬子,魏遣兼員外散騎常侍勃海高聰等來聘。。 丁巳,魏主詔車駕所經,傷民秋稼者,畝給谷五斛。。 辛酉,追尊文惠太子為文皇帝,廟號世宗。。 世祖梓宮下渚,帝於端門內奉辭,轀輬車未出端門,亟稱疾還內。 裁入閣,即於內奏胡伎,鞞鐸之聲,響震內外。 丙寅,葬武皇帝於景安陵,廟號世祖。。 戊辰,魏主濟河; 庚午,至洛陽; 壬申,詣故太學觀《石經》。。 乙亥,鄧至王像舒彭遣其子舊朝於魏,且請傳位於舊; 魏主許之。。 魏主自發平城至洛陽,霖雨不止。 丙子,詔諸軍前發。 丁丑,帝戎服,執鞭乘馬而出。 群臣稽顙於馬前。 帝曰:「廟算已定,大軍將進,諸公更欲何雲?」 尚書李沖等曰:「今者之舉,天下所不願,唯陛下欲之。 臣不知陛下獨行,竟何之也! 臣等有其意而無其辭,敢以死請!」 帝大怒曰:「吾方經營天下,期於混壹,而卿等儒生,屢疑大計; 斧鉞有常,卿勿復言!」 策馬將出,於是安定王休等並殷勤泣諫。 帝乃諭群臣曰:「今者興發不小,動而無成,何以示後! 朕世居幽朔,欲南遷中土; 苟不南伐,當遷都於此,王公以為何如? 欲遷者左,不欲者右。」 安定王休等相帥如右。 南安王楨進曰:「『成大功者不謀於眾。』 今陛下苟輟南伐之謀,遷都洛邑,此臣等之願,蒼生之幸也。」 群臣皆呼萬歲。 時舊人雖不願內徙,而憚於南伐,無敢言者; 遂定遷都之計。。 李沖言於上曰:「陛下將定鼎洛邑,宗廟宮室,非可馬上行遊以待之。 願陛下暫還代都,俟群臣經營畢功,然後備文物、鳴和鸞而臨之。」 帝曰:「朕將巡省州郡,至鄴小停,春首即還,未宜歸北。」 乃遣任城王澄還平城,諭留司百官以遷都之事,曰:「今日真所謂革也。 王其勉之!」 帝以群臣意多異同,謂衛尉卿、鎮南將軍於烈曰:「卿意如何?」 烈曰:「陛下聖略淵遠,非愚淺所測。 若隱心而言,樂遷之與戀舊,適中半耳。」 帝曰:「卿既不唱異,即是肯同,深感不言之益。」 使還鎮平城,曰:「留台庶政,一以相委。」 烈,栗磾之孫也。。 先是,北地民支酉聚眾數千,起兵於長安城北石山,遣使告梁州刺史陰智伯,秦州民王廣亦起兵應之,攻執魏刺史劉藻,秦、雍間七州民皆響震,眾至十萬,各守堡壁以待齊救。 魏河南王干引兵擊之,干兵大敗; 支酉進至咸陽北濁谷,穆亮與戰,又敗; 陰智伯遣軍主席德仁等將兵數千與相應接。 酉等進向長安,盧淵、薛胤等拒擊,大破之,降者數萬口。 淵唯誅首惡,餘悉不問,獲酉、廣,並斬之。。 冬,十月,戊寅朔,魏主如金墉城,征穆亮,使與尚書李沖、將作大匠董爾經營洛都。 己卯,如河南城; 乙酉,如豫州; 癸巳,捨於石濟。 乙未,魏解嚴,設壇於滑台城東,告行廟以遷都之意。 大赦。 起滑台宮。 任城王澄至平城,眾始聞遷都,莫不驚駭。 澄援引古今,徐以曉之,眾乃開伏。 澄還報於滑台,魏主喜曰:「非任城,朕事不成。」。 壬寅,尊皇太孫太妃為皇太后; 立妃為皇后。。 癸卯,魏主如鄴城。 王肅見魏主於鄴,陳伐齊之策。 魏主與之言,不覺促席移晷。 自是器遇日隆,親舊貴臣莫能間也。 魏主或屏左右與肅語,至夜分不罷,自謂君臣相得之晚。 尋除輔國將軍、大將軍長史。 時魏主方議興禮樂,變華風,凡威儀文物,多肅所定。。 乙巳,魏主遣安定王休帥從官迎家於平城。。 辛亥,封皇弟昭文為新安王,昭秀為臨海王,昭粲為永嘉王。。 魏主築宮於鄴西,十一月,癸亥,徙居之。。 御史中丞江淹劾奏前益州刺史劉悛、梁州刺史陰智伯贓貨巨萬,皆抵罪。 初,悛罷廣、司二州,傾貲以獻世祖,家無留儲。 在益州,作金浴盆,餘物稱是。 及鬱林王即位,悛所獻減少。 帝怒,收悛付廷尉,欲殺之; 西昌侯鸞救之,得免,猶禁錮終身。 悛,勉之子也。。」
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 138. [Qi Annals 4] The year Zhaoyang Zuoe—one year in all. Yongming year 11 of Emperor Wu of Qi (Guiyou, 493 CE). In spring, the first month, Emperor Wu appointed Grand Cavalry General Wang Jingze Minister of Works and General Who Pacifies the Army Chen Xianda governor of Jiang Province. Chen Xianda felt keenly that he had risen far from humble origins; each promotion brought him shame and anxiety, and he warned his sons never to flaunt wealth or rank over others; His sons, however, mostly lived lavishly; when Xianda learned of it, he was unhappy. His son Chen Xiushang, serving as chief clerk on the staff at Ying, traveled through Jiujiang. Xianda said, "Deer's-tail and fly-whisk fans belong to the great clans Wang and Xie—you have no business handling such things! He snatched them from his son's hands and burned them on the spot. Earlier the emperor had had three thousand uncovered wagons built at Shitou, planning to take Pengcheng on foot. When the Northern Wei learned of this, Liu Chang pleaded tearfully before the Wei emperor to serve on the frontier, rally dispersed loyalists, and redeem his disgrace. The Wei emperor convened dukes and officials in the Hall of Military Classics to debate invading south, while stockpiling fodder on a vast scale between the Huai and Si. Emperor Wu heard of this and appointed Right Guards General Cui Huijing governor of Yu Province to prepare defenses. Northern Wei sent Xing Luan, an extraordinary attendant, and others as envoys. Xing Luan was a grandson of Xing Shuo. On the day bingzi, Crown Prince Changmao died. The crown prince was gentle and even-tempered; as the emperor in his later years grew fond of feasting and travel, memorials from the secretariat were routed to the crown prince for review, and his authority reached throughout the court. The crown prince was extravagant by nature; the halls and gardens he built outdid the imperial palace and cost tens of millions; lest the emperor glimpse them from afar, he lined the gates with tall bamboo; Nearly everything he wore or collected smacked of presumptuous luxury. He laid out a private park on the Eastern Fields and set Eastern Palace officers to build in rotating shifts, walling off whole blocks until the complex sprawled in lavish grandeur. Though the emperor was strict by nature, he had informants everywhere, and no one dared report the crown prince's doings. Once, passing the crown prince's Eastern Fields, the emperor saw how grand they were, flew into a rage, and had the supervising officers arrested; The crown prince concealed them all and was sharply rebuked for it. He also had his favorite Xu Wenjing build imperial carriages and regalia; When the emperor once visited the Eastern Palace, there was no time to hide the carriage; Wenjing stuffed a Buddha image inside it, and the emperor suspected nothing. Wenjing's father Tao Ren told him, "All I should do now is tend graves and wait for the funeral! He moved his household away to distance himself from his son. When Wenjing was eventually ordered to die, Tao Ren did not weep. After the crown prince's death, the emperor toured the Eastern Palace, saw his lavish belongings, flew into a rage, and ordered officials to destroy them one by one. Prince Ziliang of Jingling, who had been close to the crown prince yet had not reported his excesses, was rebuked as well. The crown prince had long disliked Xiao Luan, Marquis of Xichang; he once told Ziliang, "I have always disliked that man and cannot say why—perhaps his fate is simply too slight. Ziliang pleaded on Luan's behalf. When Luan seized power, he left none of the crown prince's descendants alive. In the second month, the Wei emperor plowed the sacred field for the first time south of Pingcheng. Wang Huan, governor of Yong Province, hated Liu Xingzu, chief clerk for pacifying the barbarians; he jailed him on false charges of inciting mountain tribes to revolt and ordered him sent to Jiankang; Huan killed him in prison and claimed he had hanged himself. The emperor was furious and sent Palace Attendant Lü Wenxian and Direct-Palace General Cao Daogang with five hundred armed guards to arrest Wang Huan, while ordering Pacifying-the-West chief of staff Cao Hu to march overland from Jiangling and rendezvous at Xiangyang. Huan's son Wang Biao was violent and reckless by nature, and Huan could not control him. Chief clerk Yin Rui was Huan's son-in-law. He told Huan, "Cao and Lü are coming without a verifiable edict—we may be facing a coup. We should seize them and send an urgent report to the throne. Huan agreed. Biao at once mobilized over a thousand provincial troops, opened the armory to issue arms, deployed men in the Southern Hall, shut the gates, and prepared to resist. Huan's protégé Zheng Yu kowtowed and begged him to go out and welcome the imperial envoys; Huan said, "I am no rebel—I mean first to send a memorial explaining myself; I only fear petty men like Cao and Lü will abuse us, so for now I am merely holding the gates closed." Biao then sallied out, fought Cao Hu's troops, was beaten, and fled back inside. In the third month, on yihai, chief of staff Huang Yaoqi and pacifying-the-barbarians chief clerk Pei Shuye of Hedong mutinied inside the city, attacked Wang Huan, and killed him; they seized Biao, his brothers Shuang and Bi, and Yin Rui, and all were put to death. Biao's elder brothers Rong and Chen were killed at Jiankang; Chen's younger brother Su, a director in the secretariat, alone escaped and fled to Northern Wei. In summer, the fourth month, on jiawu, Prince Zhaoye of Nan Commandery was named imperial great-grandson; Eastern Palace officials were retitled as great-grandson staff; the late crown prince's consort, Lady Wang of Langye, became great-grandson grand consort; and Prince Zhaoye's consort, Lady He, became great-grandson consort. Lady He was a daughter of the Ji clan. Northern Wei's Grand Commandant Yuan Pi and others petitioned to establish an empress; on wuxu, Lady Feng was made empress. She was a daughter of Feng Xi. Citing the Baihu tong—"A king does not treat his wife's parents as subjects"—the Wei emperor decreed that Grand Preceptor Feng Xi need not style himself a subject in memorials or bow when entering court; Feng Xi firmly declined the privilege. Tian Yizong, a Guangcheng tribal chief holding the title General Who Punishes the Barbarians, led more than four thousand households in revolt and surrendered to Northern Wei. In the fifth month, on renxu, the Wei emperor entertained imperial clansmen from all four ancestral temples in the Hall of Promoting Culture, seating himself by their ages and treating them with family courtesy. On jiazi, the Wei emperor held court, called dukes and officials to settle doubtful matters of policy, and reviewed prisoners. The emperor told Minister of Works Mu Liang, "From now on, on court business before noon you are to deliberate among yourselves first; after noon I shall decide them together with you." On bingzi, Prince Keng of Yidu was appointed governor of Southern Yu Province. Earlier Prince Ziqing of Luling had been governor of Southern Yu Province; on the road to his post he playfully drilled his escort as a naval force; When the emperor heard of this, he flew into a rage, executed Ziqing's chief clerk, and replaced him with Keng. Ziqing returned home; the emperor never saw him again for the rest of his life. Lei Posi and other Xiangyang tribal chiefs led more than a thousand households seeking resettlement within Wei territory; the Wei placed them north of the Han. The Wei emperor found Pingcheng too cold—rain and snow even in the sixth month, wind and sand constant—and planned to move the capital to Luoyang; fearing his ministers would resist, he proposed a major campaign against Qi to bring them into line. He fasted in the left bay of the Bright Hall and had Director of Ceremonies Wang Chen cast the oracle, which yielded the hexagram Revolution; the emperor said, "'Tang and Wu carried out revolution, accordant with Heaven and responsive to the people. What omen could be more auspicious!' None of the assembled ministers dared object. Minister of the Masters of Writing Yuan Cheng, Prince of Rencheng, said, "Your Majesty's house has renewed its radiance generation after generation and already rules the central lands; to march out now against unsubdued foes yet draw the image of Tang and Wu's revolution is not wholly auspicious." The emperor snapped, "The commentary says, 'The great man transforms like a tiger'—how can you call that inauspicious! Cheng replied, "Your Majesty's dragon rise was long ago—how can you be transforming like a tiger only now! The emperor flushed and said, "The realm is mine—does Prince of Rencheng mean to discourage the army! Cheng said, "Though the realm belongs to Your Majesty, I am its subject—how can I see peril and stay silent! After a long while the emperor relented. "Speak your minds," he said—"what harm is there in that?" Back at the palace he summoned Cheng and, going out to meet him, said, "About the Revolution hexagram just now—I should discuss it further with you. My anger in the Bright Hall was feigned—I feared everyone would speak up and block my great plan, so I used harsh words to frighten the court, nothing more. I trust you understand my intent." He dismissed everyone else and told Cheng, "What I mean to do today is truly no small matter. Our state arose in the northern frontier and moved its seat to Pingcheng; that is a land for wielding arms, not for civil rule. Changing customs and habits is truly hard. I mean to seize this moment and move our capital to the Central Plains—what do you think?" Cheng replied, "Your Majesty means to establish the capital in the heartland and extend rule over the four seas—that is how Zhou and Han achieved their greatness. The emperor said, "Northerners cling to custom and old homes—they will panic and resist. What can be done? Cheng said, "An extraordinary task lies beyond ordinary men. Once Your Majesty decides from your own sage judgment, what can they do?" The emperor said; Rencheng, you are my Zhang Liang!" In the sixth month, on the day bingxu, he ordered a bridge built over the river to move his army across. “Secretary Supervisor Lu Yuan submitted a memorial arguing that emperors of earlier peaceful ages never personally led the Six Armies or decided battles in the field; for victory would scarcely enhance martial glory, while defeat would tarnish imperial prestige. In the past Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao with ten thousand exhausted troops, and Xie Xuan crushed Fu Qin's army with three thousand infantry—the outcome turns in a moment, not on numbers alone." The imperial reply said, "Peaceful emperors stayed away from war either because the realm was united and they had no foe, or because they were timid and sought ease. Neither description fits us today—the first is not yet true, and the second would be shameful. If a true king should never take the field, why did the ancient kings establish the leather war chariot? Cao Cao won because he had justice on his side, and the Fu clan fell because it lost the way of governance; surely the few do not always defeat the many, nor the weak always master the strong!" On the day dingwei the Wei emperor held a military review and put Minister of Works Li Chong in charge of selecting troops. The monk Fazhi of Jiankang and Zhou Panlong, a commoner of Xuzhou, and others rose in rebellion; by night they attacked Xuzhou city and took it; Governor Wang Xuanyao put down the revolt and executed the ringleaders. In autumn, the seventh month, on the day guichou, Wei enthroned Prince Xun as crown prince. On the day wuwu Wei put the court and realm on alert, issued public proclamations and diplomatic letters, and announced a coming southern invasion. An edict mobilized laborers from Yang and Xu provinces and opened wide recruitment to prepare defenses. Wang Rong, an attendant gentleman of the Secretariat, counted on his family and status and expected to reach the highest offices before he turned thirty. Once, on night duty in the secretariat, he leaned on his desk and sighed, "To live so obscurely—Deng Yu would laugh at me! On his way out he found the Vermilion Bird Bridge raised and the throng so thick he could not pass; he pounded the carriage wall and sighed, "No eight outriders before my carriage—how can I call myself a man! Prince Ziliang of Jingling admired his literary gifts and treated him with exceptional warmth. Seeing that the emperor wished to campaign north, Rong repeatedly submitted memorials urging him on and trained hard in horsemanship and archery. When Wei was about to invade, Ziliang raised troops at the Eastern Headquarters, commissioned Rong as General Who Calms the North, and put him in charge of recruitment. Rong recruited with all his energy and gathered several hundred hardy men from Jiangxi, all of them capable and useful. Just then the emperor fell ill, and an edict permitted Ziliang to enter the Hall of Extended Splendor in armor to attend him and oversee his medicine; Ziliang made Xiao Yan, Fan Yun, and others commanders of the guard within his headquarters. On the day wuchen he sent Jiang Province Governor Chen Xianda to hold Fancheng. Fearing panic in court and country, the emperor forced himself despite illness to summon the Music Office to perform orthodox music. Ziliang remained inside day and night, while the crown prince came every other day to pay his respects. On the day wuyin the emperor's illness turned grave and he briefly lost consciousness; The crown prince had not yet arrived; court and palace were seized with fear, and all the officials had already changed into mourning dress. Wang Rong wanted to forge an edict enthroning Ziliang, and the draft was already written. Xiao Yan said to Fan Yun, "The streets are full of rumor—everyone says something extraordinary is coming. Wang Yuanzhang is no statesman—watch him fail." Fan Yun said, "The only one who cares for the state is Secretary Wang. Xiao Yan said, "Caring for the state—is he trying to be the Duke of Zhou and Duke of Shao, or Duke Huan's eunuch? Fan Yun did not dare answer. When the crown prince arrived, Wang Rong, dressed for battle in a scarlet shirt, blocked the Eastern Palace guard at the Secretariat gate and would not let them pass. Before long the emperor revived and asked where the crown prince was; he then summoned the Eastern Palace guard, weapons and all, and entrusted court affairs to Left Vice Minister of Works, Marquis of Xichang, Luan. Soon the emperor died, and Rong used Ziliang's troops to seal every gate. When Luan heard this he galloped to the Cloud Dragon Gate but could not get through; he cried, "I have been summoned by imperial order! He forced his way in, escorted the crown prince to the throne, and ordered attendants to lead Ziliang away; His orders rang out like a bell, and everyone in the hall obeyed. Rong saw that his plan had failed, changed out of mourning dress, returned to the Secretariat, and sighed, "My lord, you have led me astray! From that time on Emperor Yulin deeply resented him. The testamentary edict said, "The crown prince's virtue grows daily, and the altars of state have one to rely on. Ziliang is well suited to assist and support—let him strive to broaden good governance; on all matters within and without, great and small alike, consult with Luan and share your intentions! Affairs of the Secretariat, the root of government, entrust wholly to Right Vice Minister Wang Yan and Minister of Civil Appointments Xu Xiaosi; Military affairs entrust to Wang Jingze, Chen Xianda, Wang Guangzhi, Wang Xuanyao, Shen Wenji, Zhang Gui, Xue Yuan, and the rest." Emperor Wu attended closely to governance, keeping to the broad essentials with strict and decisive judgment; prefectures and counties kept their officials in office for long terms, and when local leaders broke the law he had them executed on the spot. Thus in the Yongming era the people were prosperous and content, and bandits and thieves disappeared. Yet he was rather fond of feasting and touring and of lavish display; he often said he regretted it but could not give it up all at once. Before Emperor Yulin was enthroned, everyone suspected that Ziliang would be made emperor, and rumors swirled. Before the assembly Prince Ye of Wuling declared loudly, "If a lesser prince is to be enthroned, it should be me; if the rightful heir is enthroned, it should be the crown prince." From this the emperor came to rely on him deeply. Chamber Attendants Zhou Fengshu and Cao Daogang had long been the emperor's trusted confidants; both were put in charge of the palace guard; A few days later Daogang was again made Gentleman at the Yellow Gate. Earlier Marquis Luan of Xichang had been favored by Emperor Gao; Luan was frugal and plain, his carriage, dress, and retinue no different from an ordinary scholar's, and in every office he held he was known for strict competence—so Emperor Wu also valued him. Emperor Wu's testamentary edict had Prince Ziliang of Jingling assist in governance and Luan oversee Secretariat affairs. Ziliang was naturally kind and generous and took no pleasure in worldly affairs, so he pushed authority toward Luan; hence the testament's words, "on all matters great and small alike consult with Luan," reflected Ziliang's own wish. The emperor had been raised from childhood by Ziliang's consort, Lady Yuan, and their mutual affection was well known. After Wang Rong's plot, he came to deeply mistrust Ziliang. When the imperial coffin was borne out of the Hall of Supreme Ultimate, Ziliang remained in the Secretariat; the emperor sent Captain of the Tiger Guard Pan Chang with two hundred armed men to hold the western steps of the Hall of Supreme Ultimate and guard against him. After the mourning period was complete, all the princes were to leave the capital; Ziliang asked to remain until the imperial tomb was finished, but permission was denied. On the day renwu, by testamentary edict Prince Ye of Wuling was made Defender-General and, together with General Who Conquers the South Chen Xianda, granted an independent command equal to the Three Excellencies; Left Vice Minister of Works, Marquis Luan of Xichang, was made Director of the Secretariat; Grand Mentor of the Crown Prince Shen Wenji was made Guardian-General. On the day guiwei Prince Ziliang of Jingling was made Grand Tutor; Taxes of three categories and all arrears were remitted; imperial storehouses and unused ponds, fields, and lodges were cut back; Levies at passes and markets were reduced. Before this, edicts remitting taxes and land often amounted to nothing; collection and enforcement continued as before. Now Marquis Luan of Xichang held the reins of government; favor and trust went hand in hand, and everyone was pleased. In Wei, Wei Yuan, Marquis Jingzhuang of Shanyang, died. The Wei emperor sent Grand Secretary Prince Yu of Guangling with credentials to reassure the Six Garrisons and levy their elite cavalry. On the day dinghai the Wei emperor took leave of Yonggu Mausoleum; On the day jichou he set out from Pingcheng on a southern campaign with more than three hundred thousand infantry and cavalry; He left Grand Commandant Pi and Prince Yu of Guangling to hold Pingcheng, both granted extraordinary credentials. Yu said, "The Grand Commandant should hold sole command; I can serve only as his deputy. The Wei emperor said, "The old have wisdom, the young have resolve—you need make no excuses. He then appointed Prince Gan of Henan General of Chariots and Cavalry and commander of all forces west of the Pass, with Minister of Works Mu Liang, General Who Pacifies the South Lu Yuan, and General Who Pacifies the South Xue Yin all serving as Gan's deputies; their combined force of seventy thousand marched out through Ziwu Valley. Yin was the great-grandson of Bian. Prince Yulin was quick-witted and eloquent by nature, handsome in bearing, skilled in repartee, and more expressive in joy and sorrow than others; Emperor Shizu therefore favored him. Yet he put on false feeling and practiced deceit, secretly nursing base resentments; he shared food and clothing with the low companions around him and slept and rose together with them. When he was first Prince of Nanjun, he followed Prince Ziliang of Jingling at Xizhou; Crown Prince Wenhui often restricted his daily conduct and curtailed his expenditures. The prince secretly approached wealthy men to borrow money, and none dared refuse him. He had a separate key-hook made and at night opened the rear gate of Xizhou, going with his companions to various camp offices for licentious feasting. Masters Shi Renzu and Hu Tianyi, attendants in the secretariat, said to each other, "If we report this to the two palaces, the matter will not be easily settled; if in the camp offices we are beaten by strangers or injured by dogs or the like, would the guilt stop with us alone? Our whole households would also be ruined. Each of us is seventy years old—why begrudge what little life remains!" Within a few days the two men killed themselves in succession, and the two palaces knew nothing of it. Those he favored among his attendants he all in advance conferred rank and titles upon, writing the appointments on yellow paper and having them stored in pouches and carried on their persons, with a promise that when he faced south as emperor these would be put into effect. When attending the crown prince in illness and during mourning, his face wore grief and he wailed and emaciated himself; those who saw him sobbed; but as soon as he returned to his private quarters he laughed merrily and drank deeply. He constantly had the shamaness Lady Yang perform prayers and sacrifices, urgently seeking the imperial throne. When the crown prince died, he believed it was through Lady Yang's power and redoubled his reverence for her. Once he became grand heir apparent, when Emperor Shizu fell ill he again had Lady Yang perform prayers and sacrifices. At that time Consort He was still at Xizhou. When Emperor Shizu's illness grew critical, the grand heir wrote to Consort He; in the center of the paper he drew one large character for joy, surrounded by thirty-six smaller joy characters. When attending Emperor Shizu in his illness, he spoke and tears fell. Emperor Shizu thought he would surely be able to bear the great enterprise and said to him, "For five years leave everything entirely to the chief minister; do not concern yourself; After five years do not entrust matters to others again. If you act on your own and achieve nothing, you will have little cause for regret." At the end of his life he took his hand and said, "If you remember your old grandfather, you must do well! Then he died. As soon as the grand dressing of the corpse was finished, he summoned all of Emperor Shizu's performers and had every sort of music played. Within little more than ten days of taking the throne he had Wang Rong arrested and sent to the Minister of Justice; he had Censor-in-Chief Kong Zhigui memorialize that Rong was reckless, volatile, and cunning, that he gathered malcontents, and that he slandered the court and government. Rong sought help from Prince Ziliang of Jingling; Ziliang was anxious and afraid and did not dare save him. He was therefore granted death in prison; he was twenty-seven years old at the time. Earlier, Rong had wished to become acquainted with Xu Mian of Donghai and repeatedly sent people to summon him. Mian said to others, "Master Wang's fame is high but his prospects are short; one can hardly lightly grasp his robe. Before long Rong met with disaster. Mian became famous on this account. Wei Zhun of Kuaiji, an Imperial University student, was admired by Rong for his talent and learning; Rong wished to establish Ziliang as emperor, and Zhun urged the matter on to success. University students Yu Xi and Qiu Guobin secretly said to each other, "Jingling lacks talent, and Wang the Palace Attendant-in-Ordinary has no resolve—defeat is plain to see. When Rong was executed, Zhun was summoned to the Secretariat of Palace Attendants for questioning; in terror and dread he died, his whole body turning blue-green, and people of the time thought his gall had burst. On the day renyin the Wei emperor reached Sizhou; seeing common people along the road who were lame or blind, he halted his carriage to comfort and reassure them and granted them food and clothing for life. Grand Marshal Prince Xiu of Anding had seized three soldiers who had been thieves, displayed them before the army, and was about to execute them. The Wei emperor encountered this on march and ordered them pardoned; Xiu would not consent and said, "Your Majesty personally leads the six armies and intends soon to clear the lands south of the Yangtze. We have only just set out and arrived here, yet petty men are already plundering—if we do not execute them, how can we check wrongdoing! The emperor said, "What you say is indeed true. Yet the bearing of a true king sometimes includes extraordinary grace. Though these three men's crime deserves death, by chance they encountered me; though this violates military law, they may be specially pardoned." Then he said to Grand Secretary Feng Yan, "The Grand Marshal enforces the law strictly—you gentlemen must be careful. Thereupon the army became orderly and solemn. Minister Guang said, "A ruler toward his state is like a body toward itself—he should regard the distant as he regards the near, and regard what is beyond the borders as though it were in his court hall. If he raises the worthy and talented to appoint the hundred officers, and rectifies government to benefit the common people, then within his domain none will fail to find their proper place. Therefore the former kings blocked their ears with cotton and covered their vision with the front pendants, wishing to set aside the immediate use of eyes and ears and extend their clarity and wisdom to the four quarters. Those maimed and disabled ought to be supported—the government offices should distribute care evenly throughout the realm. To grant it only to those encountered on the road means that many are left out. Is this not petty as an act of benevolence! Moreover, pardoning criminals and bending the law of the responsible officials is especially unworthy of a ruler's bearing. What a pity! Emperor Xiaowen was Wei's worthy sovereign, and yet he still did such things! On the day wushen the Wei emperor reached Bingzhou. Bingzhou Inspector Wang Xi had a reputation for good governance and kept the region quiet; the emperor commended him. Xi instructed the people to erect many steles placed beside the roads, falsely praising his merits; When the emperor heard and questioned him, Xi answered not according to the truth. The emperor was angry and reduced Xi's noble rank by two grades. In the ninth month, on the day renzi, Wei sent Acting Supernumerary Palace Attendant Gao Cong of Bohai and others on a diplomatic mission. On the day dingsi the Wei emperor decreed that wherever the imperial procession passed and damaged the people's autumn crops, five hu of grain would be given per mu. On the day xinyou they posthumously honored Crown Prince Wenhui as Emperor Wen, with temple name Shizong. When Emperor Shizu's coffin was lowered to the ferry, the emperor took farewell inside the Duan Gate; before the hearses had even passed out of the Duan Gate he urgently claimed illness and returned inside. Hardly had he entered the inner quarters when he had barbarian performers play inside; the sound of drums and bells shook inside and out. On the day bingyin they buried Emperor Wu at Jing'an Mausoleum, with temple name Shizu. On the day wuchen the Wei emperor crossed the river; On the day gengwu he reached Luoyang; On the day renshen he went to the former Imperial Academy to view the Stone Classics. On the day yihai King Su Peng of Dengzhi sent his son Jiu to attend Wei in audience and also requested to transmit the throne to Jiu; The Wei emperor granted it. From the time the Wei emperor set out from Pingcheng until he reached Luoyang, the rains did not cease. On the day bingzi he decreed that all armies advance. On the day dingchou the emperor donned military garb, took the whip, mounted a horse, and rode out. The ministers prostrated themselves kowtowing before his horse. The emperor said, "The plans made in the temple are settled and the great army is about to advance—what more do you gentlemen wish to say? Chief Secretary Li Chong and others said, "This campaign we now undertake is what all under Heaven does not wish for—only Your Majesty desires it. Your servants do not know where Your Majesty intends to go if you advance alone! We have the intent but not the words—we dare beg with our lives! The emperor flew into a rage and said, "I am now setting the empire in order, aiming at unification, yet you Confucian scholars repeatedly doubt the great design; The axe and halberd have their fixed law—speak no more! He spurred his horse and was about to depart; then Prince Xiu of Anding and the others all earnestly wept and remonstrated. The emperor then addressed the ministers, "The undertaking we launch today is no small matter—if we act and achieve nothing, how can we show ourselves to posterity! I have long dwelt in the northern wilds and wish to move south to the central lands; If we do not campaign south, we should move the capital here—what do the princes and dukes think? Those who wish to move, stand to the left; those who do not, to the right. Prince Xiu of Anding and the others led one another to the right. Prince Zhen of Nan'an stepped forward and said, "'He who would achieve great things does not consult the multitude. If Your Majesty would now abandon the plan for a southern campaign and move the capital to Luoyang, that is the wish of your servants—and the fortune of the people.' All the ministers cried, "Long live the emperor!" At the time the northerners, though unwilling to move south, feared the southern campaign and none dared object; and so the plan to move the capital was settled. Li Chong said to the emperor, "Your Majesty intends to establish the capital at Luoyang; the ancestral temples and palaces cannot be readied while you travel on horseback. I beg Your Majesty to return for the time being to the capital at Dai, wait until the ministers have finished their preparations, and then enter Luoyang with full ceremonial regalia and the imperial bells ringing. The emperor said, "I shall tour and inspect the provinces and commanderies, pause briefly at Ye, and return at the beginning of spring—it is not yet fitting to go back north. He then sent Prince Cheng of Rencheng back to Pingcheng to instruct the officials left behind in the Northern Capital concerning the move of the capital, saying, "Today this is truly revolution itself. Prince, exert yourself! Since the ministers' views differed greatly, the emperor asked Commander of the Guard and General Who Guards the South Yu Lie, "What is your view? Lie said, "Your Majesty's sacred design is profound and far-reaching—beyond what the dull and shallow can fathom. If I speak from the heart, those who welcome the move and those who cling to the old are about evenly divided. The emperor said, "Since you do not lead the opposition, that is support enough. I am grateful for your restraint. He sent him back to garrison Pingcheng, saying, "All routine affairs of the Northern Capital—I entrust them entirely to you. Lie was the grandson of Yu Lidi. Earlier, Zhi You of the Northern Lands gathered several thousand men and raised troops at Stone Mountain north of Chang'an, sending envoys to inform Governor of Liang Province Yin Zhibo; Wang Guang of Qin Province also rose in response, attacked and seized the Wei governor Liu Zao, and the people of the seven provinces between Qin and Yong all echoed the uprising until the force reached one hundred thousand; each held fortified walls and awaited relief from Qi. Prince Gan of Henan of Wei led troops to attack them, and Gan's army was utterly defeated; Zhi You advanced to Turbid Valley north of Xianyang; Mu Liang fought him and was again defeated; Yin Zhibo sent the army commander Xie Deren and others to lead several thousand troops to join and support them. You and the others advanced toward Chang'an; Lu Yuan, Xue Yin, and others repulsed and attacked them, inflicting a great defeat, and tens of thousands surrendered. Lu Yuan executed only the ringleaders and questioned none of the rest; capturing You and Guang, he beheaded them both. In winter, the tenth month, on the first day wuyin, the Wei emperor went to Jinyong City, recalled Mu Liang, and had him together with Chief Secretary Li Chong and Master of Works Dong Er oversee the construction of the Luoyang capital. On the day jimao he went to Henan City; On the day yiyou he went to Yu Province; On the day guisi he lodged at Shiji. On the day yiwei Wei lifted martial law, set up an altar east of Huatai City, and informed the traveling temple of the intent to move the capital. A general amnesty was proclaimed. The Huatai Palace was built. When Prince Cheng of Rencheng reached Pingcheng, the people first heard of the move of the capital and all were startled and dismayed. Cheng cited examples from past and present and gradually explained to them; the crowd then opened up and submitted. Cheng returned and reported at Huatai; the Wei emperor said with delight, "Without Rencheng, my undertaking would not have succeeded." On the day renyin the imperial great-grandson's grand consort was honored as empress dowager; and the consort was established as empress. On the day guimao the Wei emperor went to Ye City. Wang Su met the Wei emperor at Ye and set forth a strategy for campaigning against Qi. The Wei emperor spoke with him and, without noticing, drew his seat close and hours slipped by. From then on his honors and favor daily increased, and none among the emperor's kin and great ministers could come between them. The Wei emperor would sometimes dismiss his attendants and speak with Su until deep into the night, saying to himself that monarch and minister had found each other late. Soon he was appointed General Who Assists the State and chief clerk to the Grand General. At the time the Wei emperor was discussing reviving ritual and music and changing to civilized customs; nearly all ceremonial regalia and institutions were determined by Su. On the day yisi the Wei emperor sent Prince Xiu of Anding to lead the accompanying officials to bring the imperial household from Pingcheng. On the day xinhai the emperor's younger brothers Zhaowen, Zhaoxiu, and Zhaocan were enfeoffed as Prince of Xin'an, Prince of Linhai, and Prince of Yongjia respectively. The Wei emperor built a palace west of Ye; in the eleventh month, on the day guihai, he moved into it. Censor-in-Chief Jiang Yan impeached the former Governor of Yi Province Liu Quan and Governor of Liang Province Yin Zhibo for accepting bribes worth tens of thousands; both were punished according to law. Earlier, when Quan left his posts in Guang and Si provinces, he poured out his wealth as tribute to Emperor Shizu and left nothing in store at home. While in Yi Province he had a golden bathtub made, and his other possessions matched this in extravagance. When Emperor Yulin ascended the throne, the tribute Quan offered diminished. The emperor was enraged, seized Quan and handed him over to the Court of Justice, intending to execute him; Marquis of Xichang Luan rescued him, and he was spared, though still confined for life. Quan was the son of Mian.”