1
資治通鑑第151卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 151
2
【梁紀七】趙柔兆敦牂，盡強圉協洽，凡二年。
[Liang Records 7] Spanning from the year Rouzhao Dunxiang through Qiangyu Xixie—two years in all.
3
高祖武皇帝七普通七年（ 丙午，公元五二六年）
In the seventh year of Putong of Emperor Wu of the High Ancestor ( the year bingwu, A.D. 526)
4
春，正月，辛丑朔，大赦。
In spring, on the first day of the first month (xinchou), a general amnesty was proclaimed.
5
壬子，魏以汝南王悅領太尉。
On renzi, Northern Wei appointed the Prince of Runan, Yuan Yue, as Grand Commandant.
6
魏安州石離、穴城、斛鹽三戍兵反，應杜洛周，眾合二萬，洛周自松岍赴之。 行台常景使別將崔仲哲屯軍都關以邀之，仲哲戰沒，元譚軍夜潰，魏以別將李琚代譚為都督。 仲哲，秉之子也。
The garrisons at Shili, Xuecheng, and Huyan in An Province rose in revolt and rallied to Du Luozhou, mustering twenty thousand men in all; Luozhou marched from Songqin to join them. The forward-army commander Chang Jing stationed the detached general Cui Zhongzhe at Duguan Pass to block them; Zhongzhe fell in battle, Yuan Tan's army collapsed in a night rout, and Wei appointed the detached general Li Ju in Tan's place as commander. Zhongzhe was Cui Bing's son.
7
初，魏廣陽王深通於城陽王徽之妃。 徽為尚書令，為胡太后所信任； 會恆州人請深為刺史，徽言深心不可測。 及杜洛周反，五原降戶在恆州者謀奉深為主，深懼，上書求還洛陽。 魏以左衛將軍楊津代深為北道大都督，詔深為吏部尚書。 徽，長壽之孫也。
Earlier, the Northern Wei Prince of Guangyang, Yuan Shen, had taken the consort of the Prince of Chengyang, Yuan Hui, as his lover. Hui served as Director of the Masters of Writing and enjoyed the trust of Empress Dowager Hu; when the people of Heng Province asked that Shen be made their governor, Hui warned that Shen's motives were impossible to read. When Du Luozhou rose in revolt, the Wuyuan surrendered households at Heng Province plotted to make Shen their leader; Shen, alarmed, memorialized the throne asking to be recalled to Luoyang. Wei replaced Shen with the Left Guard General Yang Jin as grand commander of the northern route and appointed Shen Minister of the Civil Service. Hui was a grandson of Yuan Changshou.
8
五原降戶鮮于修禮等帥北鎮流民反於定州之左城，改元魯興，引兵向州城，州兵御之不利。 楊津至靈丘，聞定州危迫，引兵救之，入據州城。 修禮至，津欲出擊之，長史許被不聽，津手劍擊之，被走得免。 津開門出戰，斬首數百，賊退，人心少安。 詔尋以津為定州刺史兼北道行台。 魏以揚州刺史長孫稚為大都督北討諸軍事，與河間王琛共討修禮。
Xianyu Xiuli and other leaders among the Wuyuan surrendered households rallied the northern-garrison refugees in revolt at Zuocheng in Ding Province, proclaimed the era name Luxing, and advanced on the provincial seat, which the local troops proved unable to hold back. When Yang Jin reached Lingqiu and learned that Ding Province was in grave danger, he marched to its relief and took possession of the provincial capital. Xiuli arrived, and Jin wanted to lead a sortie against him, but his chief clerk Xu Bei refused; Jin drew his sword and struck at Bei, who fled and escaped injury. Jin opened the gates and fought, taking several hundred heads; the rebels fell back, and the defenders' spirits steadied somewhat. An edict soon followed appointing Jin governor of Ding Province and concurrently commander of the northern-route forward army. Wei made the governor of Yang Province, Changsun Zhi, grand commander of the northern punitive forces and sent him with the Prince of Hejian, Yuan Chen, to suppress Xiuli.
9
二月，甲戌，北伐眾軍解嚴。
In the second month, on jiaxu, the northern expeditionary armies were stood down from alert.
10
魏西部敕勒斛律洛陽反於桑干西，與費也頭牧子相連結。 三月，甲寅，游擊將軍爾朱榮擊破洛陽於深井，牧子於河西。
Hulu Luoyang of the western Chile tribes in Wei rose west of the Sanggan River and allied with the Feiyetou chieftain Muzi. In the third month, on jiayin, the mobile general Erzhu Rong routed Luoyang at Shenjing and Muzi on the river's west bank.
11
夏，四月，乙酉，臨川靖惠王宏卒。
In summer, in the fourth month, on yiyou, Prince Jinghui of Linchuan, Xiao Hong, died.
12
魏大赦。
Northern Wei proclaimed a general amnesty.
13
癸巳，魏以侍中、車騎大將軍城陽王徽為儀同三司。 徽與給事黃門侍郎徐紇共毀侍中元順於太后，出為護軍將軍、太常卿。 順奉辭於西遊園，紇侍側，順指之謂太后曰：「此魏之宰嚭，魏國不亡，此終不死！」 紇脅肩而出，順抗聲叱之曰：「爾刀筆小才，正堪供幾案之用，豈應污辱門下，斁我彝倫！」 因振衣而起。 太后默然。
On guisi, Wei elevated the Palace Attendant and General of Chariots and Cavalry, the Prince of Chengyang Yuan Hui, to the rank of peer of the Three Excellencies. Hui and the Attendant at the Yellow Gate Xu He joined in slandering the Palace Attendant Yuan Shun before the empress dowager, and Shun was transferred out to serve as General Who Guards the Army and Minister of Ceremonies. When Shun took his leave at the Western Tour Garden, He stood at his side; Shun pointed at him and told the empress dowager, "This is Wei's Bo Pi—as long as Wei does not fall, this man will never die!" He hunched his shoulders and slipped away; Shun thundered at him, "You petty clerk with your brush and knife—fit only to serve at a desk! How dare you pollute the gates below and corrupt our moral order!" With that he shook out his robes and strode off. The empress dowager said nothing.
14
魏朔州城民鮮于阿胡等據城反。
Xianyu Ahu and other townspeople of Shuozhou in Wei seized the city and rose in revolt.
15
杜洛周南出抄掠薊城，魏常景遣統軍梁仲禮擊破之。 丁未，都督李琚與洛周戰於薊城之北，敗沒。 常景帥眾拒之，洛周引還上谷。
Du Luozhou marched south to raid the region of Ji; Chang Jing of Wei sent the commander Liang Zhongli, who routed him. On dingwei, the commander Li Ju fought Luozhou north of Ji, was defeated, and perished. Chang Jing led his forces to hold him off, and Luozhou withdrew to Shanggu.
16
長孫稚行至鄴，詔解大都督，以河間王琛代之。 稚上言：「向與琛同在淮南，琛敗臣全，遂成私隙，今難以受其節度。」 魏朝不聽。 前至呼沱，稚未欲戰，琛不從。 鮮于修禮邀擊稚於五鹿，琛不赴救，稚軍大敗，稚、琛並坐除名。
When Changsun Zhi reached Ye, an edict relieved him of the grand command and replaced him with the Prince of Hejian, Yuan Chen. Zhi memorialized the throne: "Chen and I once served together in Huainan; when he was defeated I preserved the army intact, and a private grudge arose between us. I cannot now accept his command." The Wei court would not listen. When they advanced to the Hutuo River, Zhi did not wish to fight, but Chen would not agree. Xianyu Xiuli ambushed Zhi at Wulu; Chen did not go to his rescue, and Zhi's army was shattered. Both Zhi and Chen were stripped of rank and office.
17
五月，丁未，魏主下詔將北討，內外戒嚴。 既而不行。
In the fifth month, on dingwei, the Wei emperor issued an edict announcing a northern campaign, and the realm was placed on alert within and without. In the end the campaign was never launched.
18
衡州刺史元略，自至江南，晨夕哭泣，常如居喪。 及魏元義死，胡太后欲召之，知略因刁雙獲免，征雙為光祿大夫，遣江革、祖□恆之南還以求略。 上備禮遣之，寵贈甚厚。 略始濟淮，魏拜略為侍中，賜爵義陽王； 以司馬始賓為給事中，栗法光為本縣令，刁昌為東平太守，刁雙為西兗州刺史。 凡略所過，一飧一宿皆賞之。
Yuan Lue, governor of Heng Province, had wept morning and evening like a man in mourning ever since he reached the lands south of the Yangzi. After Yuan Yi of Wei died, Empress Dowager Hu wished to recall Lue and learned that Lue had been spared thanks to Diao Shuang; she summoned Shuang as Grand Master for Splendid Happiness and sent Jiang Ge and Zu Hengzhi south to negotiate Lue's return. The emperor sent him off with full ceremony and lavished rich gifts upon him. As soon as Lue crossed the Huai, Wei appointed him Palace Attendant and enfeoffed him as Prince of Yiyang; he made Sima Shibin an Attendant at the Gates, Li Faguang magistrate of his home county, Diao Chang governor of Dongping, and Diao Shuang governor of Western Yan Province. Everyone who had given Lue so much as a meal or a night's lodging along the way was rewarded.
19
魏以丞相高陽王雍為大司馬。 復以廣陽王深為大都督，討鮮于修禮； 章武王融為左都督，裴衍為右都督，並受深節度。
Wei appointed the Chancellor, the Prince of Gaoyang, Yuan Yong, as Grand Marshal. The Prince of Guangyang, Yuan Shen, was again made grand commander to suppress Xianyu Xiuli; the Prince of Zhangwu, Yuan Rong, was made left commander and Pei Yan right commander, both subordinate to Shen.
20
深以其子自隨，城陽王徽言於太后曰：「廣陽王攜其愛子，握兵在外，將有異志。」 乃敕融、衍潛為之備。 融、衍以敕示深，深懼，事無大小，不敢自決。 太后使問其故，對曰：「徽銜臣次骨，臣疏遠在外，徽之構臣，無所不為。 自徽執政以來，臣所表請，多不從允。 徽非但害臣而已，從臣將士，有勳勞者皆見排抑，不得比它軍，仍深被憎嫉，或因其有罪，加以深文，至於殊死，以是從臣行者，莫不悚懼。 有言臣善者，視之如仇讎； 言臣惡者，待之如親戚。 徽居中用事，朝夕欲陷臣於不測之誅，臣何以自安！ 陛下若使徽出臨外州，臣無內顧之憂，庶可以畢命賊庭，展其忠力。」 太后不聽。
Shen took his son with him on campaign. The Prince of Chengyang Yuan Hui told the empress dowager, "The Prince of Guangyang has brought his beloved son and commands troops in the field—he intends treachery." She then secretly ordered Rong and Yan to guard against him. Rong and Yan showed Shen the edict; Shen was terrified and no longer dared decide anything, great or small, on his own. The empress dowager sent to ask why; he replied, "Hui bears a grudge against me to the bone. I am far away in the provinces, and in framing me he stops at nothing. Since Hui took power, most of my memorial petitions have been denied. Hui harms not only me: every officer and soldier who follows me with merit is suppressed and cannot be treated like other armies; they are hated and envied besides. When one of them is guilty, Hui piles on charges until the penalty is death, so that everyone who marches with me lives in dread. Whoever speaks well of me he treats as an enemy; whoever speaks ill of me he treats like kin. Hui holds power at court and day and night seeks to trap me in an unforeseen execution—how can I feel secure! If Your Majesty would send Hui out to govern a distant province, I would have no worry for what lies behind me and might then devote my life in the rebels' camp and display my loyal strength." The empress dowager would not listen.
21
徽與中書舍人鄭儼等更相阿黨，外似柔謹，內實忌克，賞罰任情，魏政由是愈亂。
Hui and the Secretariat Gentleman Zheng Yan and others formed shifting factions; outwardly mild and cautious, inwardly jealous and harsh, they meted out rewards and punishments at whim, and Wei government grew all the more chaotic.
22
戊申，魏燕州刺史崔秉帥眾棄城奔定州。
On wushen, Cui Bing, governor of Yan Province in Wei, abandoned his city and fled with his troops to Ding Province.
23
乙丑，魏以安西將軍宗正珍孫為都督，討汾州反胡。
On yichou, Wei appointed the Anxi General Zongzheng Zhensun commander to suppress the rebel Hu of Fen Province.
24
六月，魏降蜀陳雙熾聚眾反，自號始建王。 魏以假鎮西將軍長孫稚為討蜀都督。 別將河東薛修義輕騎詣雙熾壘下，曉以利害，雙熾即降。 詔以修義為龍門鎮將。
In the sixth month, Chen Shuangchi of the surrendered Shu in Wei gathered followers and rebelled, proclaiming himself King of Shijian. Wei appointed the acting General Who Pacifies the West, Changsun Zhi, commander of the Shu punitive campaign. The detached general Xue Xiuyi of Hedong rode with light cavalry to Shuangchi's camp, explained the stakes, and Shuangchi surrendered at once. An edict appointed Xiuyi garrison commander of Longmen.
25
丙子，魏徙義陽王略為東平王，頃之，遷大將軍、尚書令，為胡太后所委任，與城陽王徽相埒，然徐、鄭用事，略亦不敢違也。
On bingzi, Wei transferred the Prince of Yiyang, Yuan Lue, to be Prince of Dongping; shortly afterward he was promoted to Grand General and Director of the Masters of Writing, entrusted by Empress Dowager Hu and equal in standing to the Prince of Chengyang Yuan Hui—yet Xu He and Zheng Yan held power, and Lue did not dare defy them either.
26
杜洛周遣都督王曹紇真等將兵掠薊南。 秋，七月，丙午，行台常景遣都督於榮等擊之於栗園，大破之，斬曹紇真及將卒三千餘級。 洛周帥眾南趣范陽，景與榮等又破之。
Du Luozhou sent the commander Wang Cao Hezhen and others to raid south of Ji. In autumn, in the seventh month, on bingwu, the forward-army commander Chang Jing sent the commander Yu Rong and others to strike them at Liyuan, routing them and taking the heads of Cao Hezhen and more than three thousand officers and men. Luozhou led his host south toward Fanyang; Jing, Rong, and the others defeated him again.
27
魏僕射元纂以行台鎮恆州。 鮮于阿胡擁朔州流民寇恆州，戊申，陷平城，纂奔冀州。
Yuan Zuan, Vice Director of the Masters of Writing in Wei, held Heng Province as forward-army commander. Xianyu Ahu led the displaced people of Shuozhou in raiding Heng Province; on wushen he took Pingcheng, and Zuan fled to Ji Province.
28
上聞淮堰水盛，壽陽城幾沒，復遣郢州刺史元樹等自北道攻黎漿，豫州刺史夏侯但等自南道攻壽陽。
The emperor heard that the waters behind the Huai embankment were high and Shouyang was nearly submerged; he again sent Yuan Shu, governor of Ying Province, and others by the northern route against Lijiang, and Xiahou Dan, governor of Yu Province, and others by the southern route against Shouyang.
29
八月，癸巳，賊帥元洪業斬鮮于修禮，請降於魏； 賊黨葛榮復殺洪業自立。
In the eighth month, on guisi, the rebel leader Yuan Hongye beheaded Xianyu Xiuli and offered to surrender to Wei; but the rebel Ge Rong then killed Hongye and set himself up in his place.
30
魏安北將軍、都督恆、朔討虜諸軍事爾朱榮過肆州，肆州刺史尉慶賓忌之，據城不出。 榮怒，舉兵襲肆州，執慶賓還秀容。 署其從叔羽生為刺史，魏朝不能制。 初，賀拔允及弟勝、岳從元纂在恆州，平城之陷也，允兄弟相失，岳奔爾朱榮，勝奔肆州。 榮克肆州。 得勝，大喜曰：「得卿兄弟，天下不足平也！」 以為別將，軍中大事多與之謀。
Erzhu Rong, General Who Pacifies the North and commander of the Heng-Shuo punitive campaign in Wei, passed through Si Province; the governor Wei Qingbin, jealous of him, shut the city and would not come out. Rong was enraged, raised troops, stormed Si Province, seized Qingbin, and took him back to Xiurong. He appointed his father's younger cousin Yusheng governor, and the Wei court could not restrain him. Earlier, Heba Yun and his brothers Sheng and Yue had followed Yuan Zuan at Heng Province; when Pingcheng fell the brothers were separated—Yue fled to Erzhu Rong and Sheng fled to Si Province. When Rong captured Si Province, he obtained Sheng and said in delight, "With you brothers in hand, the realm is not hard to pacify!" He made him a detached general and often consulted him on major affairs of the army.
31
九月，已酉，鄱陽忠烈王恢卒。
In the ninth month, on jiyou, Prince Zhonglie of Poyang, Xiao Hui, died.
32
葛榮既得杜洛周之從，北趣瀛州，魏廣陽忠武王深自交津引兵躡之。 辛亥，榮至白牛邏，輕騎掩擊章武莊武王融，殺之。 榮自稱天子，國號齊，改元廣安。 深聞融敗，停軍不進。 侍中元晏宣言於太后曰：「廣陽王盤桓不進，坐圖非望。 有於謹者，智略過人，為其謀主，風塵之際，恐非陛下之純臣也。」 太后深然之，詔榜尚書省門，募能獲謹者有重賞。 謹聞之，謂深曰：「今女主臨朝，信用讒佞，苟不明白殿下素心，恐禍至無日。 謹請束身詣闕，歸罪有司。」 遂徑詣榜下，自稱於謹； 有司以聞。 太后引見，大怒。 謹備論深忠款，兼陳停軍之狀，太后意解，遂捨之。
Ge Rong, having absorbed Du Luozhou's following, pressed north toward Ying Province; the Loyal Martial King of Guangyang, Yuan Shen, led troops from Jiaojin in pursuit. On xinhai, Ge Rong reached Bainiu Luo and with light cavalry surprised and killed the Martial King of Zhangwu, Yuan Rong. Ge Rong proclaimed himself Son of Heaven, named his state Qi, and adopted the era name Guang'an. When Shen heard that Yuan Rong had been defeated, he halted his army and would not advance. The Palace Attendant Yuan Yan told the empress dowager, "The Prince of Guangyang lingers without advancing and sits plotting unlawful ambitions. His chief planner Yu Jin surpasses others in wisdom and stratagem—in these troubled times I fear he is not Your Majesty's wholly loyal subject." The empress dowager agreed deeply and posted an edict at the gate of the Masters of Writing office offering a heavy reward for Jin's capture. When Jin heard of it he told Shen, "A woman now rules the court and trusts slanderers and flatterers; if she does not understand Your Highness's true heart, disaster may come any day. I ask to surrender myself at court and answer before the authorities." He went straight to the posted notice and identified himself as Yu Jin; the authorities reported it to the throne. The empress dowager summoned him and was furious. Jin set forth Shen's loyal sincerity in full and explained why the army had halted; the empress dowager's anger eased, and she released him.
33
深引軍還，趣定州，定州刺史楊津亦疑深有異志； 深聞之，止於州南佛寺。 經二日，深召都督毛謚等數人，交臂為約，危難之際，期相拯恤。 謚愈疑之，密告津，雲深謀不軌。 津遣謚討深，深走出，謚呼噪逐深。 深與左右間行至博陵界，逢葛榮游騎，劫之詣榮。 賊徒見深，頗有喜者，榮新立，惡之，遂殺深。 城陽王徽誣深降賊，錄其妻子。 深府佐宋游道為之訴理，乃得釋。 游道，繇之玄孫也。
Shen led his army back toward Ding Province, but Yang Jin, the governor, also suspected him of ulterior designs; when Shen heard of this he halted at a Buddhist temple south of the provincial seat. After two days Shen summoned the commander Mao Yi and several others, locked arms in covenant, and pledged that in times of peril they would rescue one another. Yi grew only more suspicious and secretly told Jin that Shen was plotting rebellion. Shen fled, and Yi shouted and clamored in pursuit. Shen and his attendants stole away toward Boling, met Ge Rong's scouting horsemen, were seized, and brought before Rong. Many rebels who saw Shen were pleased, but Rong, having only lately proclaimed himself ruler, took dislike to this and had Shen killed. The Prince of Chengyang Yuan Hui slandered Shen as a rebel collaborator and seized his wife and children. Song Youdao, an aide in Shen's household, pleaded their case, and they were released. Youdao was a great-great-grandson of Song You.
34
甲申，魏行台常景破杜洛周，斬其武川王賀拔文興等，捕虜四百人。
On jiashen, the forward-army commander Chang Jing of Wei defeated Du Luozhou, beheaded his Prince of Wuchuan Heba Wenxing and others, and took four hundred prisoners.
35
就德興陷魏平州，殺刺史王買奴。
Jiudexing captured Ping Province in Wei and killed the governor Wang Mainu.
36
天水民呂伯度，本莫折念生之黨也，後顯據顯親以拒念生； 已而不勝，亡歸胡琛，琛以為大都督、秦王，資以士馬，使擊念生。 伯度屢破念生軍，復據顯親，乃叛琛，東引魏軍。 念生窘迫，乞降於蕭寶寅，寶寅使行台左丞崔士和據秦州。 魏以伯度為涇州刺史，封平秦郡公。 大都督元修義停軍隴口，久不進。 念生復反，執士和送胡琛，於道殺之。 久之，伯度為-{万俟}-丑奴所殺，賊勢益盛，寶寅不能制。 胡琛與莫折念生交通，事破六韓拔陵浸慢，拔陵遣其臣費律至高平，誘琛，斬之，丑奴盡並其眾。
Lu Bodu of Tianshui had originally been a partisan of Moqi Niansheng, but later seized Xianqin to resist him; before long he was defeated, fled back to Hu Chen, who made him grand commander and King of Qin and supplied him with troops and horses to attack Niansheng. Bodu repeatedly defeated Niansheng's army, reoccupied Xianqin, then turned against Chen and invited Wei armies eastward. Niansheng, hard pressed, begged to surrender to Xiao Baoyin, who sent the forward-army Left Director Cui Shihe to hold Qin Province. Wei appointed Bodu governor of Jing Province and enfeoffed him as Duke of Pingqin. The grand commander Yuan Xiuyi halted at Longkou and for a long time would not advance. Niansheng rebelled again, seized Shihe and sent him to Hu Chen, who killed him on the road. After some time Bodu was killed by Moqi Chounu; the rebels grew stronger still, and Baoyin could not control them. Hu Chen had dealings with Moqi Niansheng; when this was exposed, Liu Han Baleng treated him with growing contempt, sent his minister Fei Lü to Gaoping to lure Chen out and beheaded him, and Chounu absorbed all his followers.
37
冬，十一月，庚辰，大赦。
In winter, in the eleventh month, on gengchen, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
38
丁貴嬪卒，太子水漿不入口，上使謂之曰； 「毀不滅性，況我在邪！」 乃進粥數合。 太子體素肥壯，腰帶十圍，至是減削過半。
When the Honored Consort Ding died, the crown prince refused all food and drink; the emperor sent someone to tell him: "Grief must not destroy your nature—how much more so when I am still alive!" Only then did he take several bowls of gruel. The crown prince had always been stout, his belt ten spans around; by now he had wasted away by more than half.
39
夏侯但等軍入魏境，所向皆下。 辛巳，魏揚州刺史李憲以壽陽降，宣猛將軍陳慶之入據其城，凡降城五十二，獲男女七萬五千口。 丁亥，縱李憲還魏，復以壽陽為豫州，改合肥為南豫州，以夏侯但為豫、南豫二州刺史。 壽陽久罹兵革，民眾流散，但輕荊薄賦，務農省役，頃之，民戶充復。
The armies of Xiahou Dan and others entered Wei territory and wherever they went, places fell to them. On xinsi, Li Xian, governor of Yang Province in Wei, surrendered Shouyang; the Fierce General Chen Qingzhi entered and held the city. Fifty-two cities surrendered in all, yielding seventy-five thousand men and women. On dinghai, Li Xian was released to return to Wei; Shouyang was restored as Yu Province, Hefei was made Southern Yu Province, and Xiahou Dan was appointed governor of both. Shouyang had long suffered warfare and its people had scattered; Dan lightened punishments, reduced levies, promoted farming, and curtailed corvée, and before long the population was restored.
40
杜洛周圍范陽，戊戌，民執魏幽州刺史王延年、行台常景送洛周，開門納之。
Du Luozhou besieged Fanyang; on wuxu the townspeople seized the Wei governor Wang Yannian and the forward-army commander Chang Jing, handed them to Luozhou, and opened the gates to him.
41
魏齊州平原民劉樹等反，攻陷郡縣，頻敗州軍。 刺史元欣以平原房士達為將，討平之。
Liu Shu and others among the people of Pingyuan in Qi Province rebelled, stormed commanderies and counties, and repeatedly defeated the provincial army. The governor Yuan Xin made Fang Shida of Pingyuan his general and put down the revolt.
42
曹義宗據穰城以逼新野，魏遣都督魏承祖及尚書左丞、南道行台辛纂救之。 義宗戰不利，不敢進。 纂，雄之從父兄也。
Cao Yizong held Rangcheng to threaten Xinye; Wei sent the commander Wei Chengzu and the Left Director of the Masters of Writing and southern-route forward-army commander Xin Zuan to relieve it. Yizong fought without success and dared not advance. Zuan was a paternal cousin of Xin Xiong.
43
魏盜賊日滋，征討不息，國用耗竭，預徽六年租調，猶不足，乃罷百官所給酒肉，又稅入得人一錢，及邸店皆有稅，百姓嗟怨。 吏部郎中辛雄上疏，以為：「夷夏之民相聚為亂，豈有餘憾哉！ 正以守令不得其人，百姓不堪其命故也。 宜及此時早加慰撫。 但郡縣選舉，由來共輕，貴游俊才，莫肯居此。 宜改其弊，分郡縣為三等，清官選補之法，妙盡才望，如不可並，後地先才，不得拘以停年。 三載黜陟，有稱職者，補在京名官； 如不歷守令，不得為內職。 則人思自勉，杜屈可申，強暴自息矣。」 不聽。
Banditry in Wei grew daily, punitive campaigns never ceased, and state revenues were exhausted. Even after levying six years' rent and corvée in advance, funds still fell short; officials' wine and meat rations were cut off, a head tax of one cash was imposed, inns and shops were taxed, and the people groaned in resentment. Xin Xiong, a director in the Ministry of the Civil Service, submitted a memorial arguing, "When barbarian and Chinese subjects gather in revolt, is it because they still nurse old grievances? It is because the prefects and magistrates are not the right men and the people cannot bear their rule. At this time the court should promptly offer comfort and reassurance. Yet county and commandery posts have always been held in low esteem, and no noble scions or outstanding talents are willing to take them. This abuse should be reformed: divide commanderies and counties into three grades and select officials for pure offices by weighing talent and reputation to the utmost; when both cannot be had, let talent precede seniority and do not bind appointments to years of service. After three years of review, those who prove competent should be transferred to prestigious offices in the capital; those who have not served as prefect or magistrate may not hold inner-court posts. Then men will strive to improve themselves, suppressed grievances can be heard, and violence will cease of itself." His advice was not heeded.
44
高祖武皇帝七大通元年（ 丁未，公元五二七年）
In the first year of Datong of Emperor Wu of the High Ancestor ( the year dingwei, A.D. 527)
45
春，正月，乙丑，以尚書左僕射徐逸為僕射。 辛未，上祀南郊。
In spring, in the first month, on yichou, Xu Yi, Vice Director of the Left among the Masters of Writing, was made Director. On xinwei, the emperor sacrificed at the southern suburb.
46
甲戌，魏以司空皇甫度為司徒，儀同三司，蕭寶寅為司空。
On jiaxu, Wei made the Minister of Works Huangfu Du Minister over the Masses with the rank of peer of the Three Excellencies and appointed Xiao Baoyin Minister of Works.
47
魏分定、相二州四郡置殷州，以北道行台博陵崔楷為刺史。 楷表稱：「州今新立，尺刃斗糧，皆所未有，乞資以兵糧。」 詔付外量聞，竟無所給。 或勸楷留家，單騎之官，楷曰：「吾聞食人之祿者憂人之憂，若吾獨往，則將士誰肯固志哉！」 遂舉家之官。 葛榮逼州城，或勸減弱小以避之，楷遣幼子及一女夜出； 既而悔之，曰：「人謂吾心不固，虧忠而全愛也。」 遂命追還。 賊至，強弱相懸，又無守禦之具； 楷撫勉將士以拒之，莫不爭奮，皆曰：「崔公尚不惜百口，吾屬何愛一身！」 連戰不息，死者相枕，終無叛志。 辛未，城陷，楷執節不屈，榮殺之，遂圍冀州。
Wei carved out four commanderies from Ding and Xiang Provinces to establish Yin Province and appointed Cui Kai of Boling, commander of the northern-route forward army, as its governor. Kai memorialized: "The province has only just been established; we lack even weapons and grain—I beg military provisions." An edict referred the matter to the outer offices for assessment, but in the end nothing was supplied. Some urged Kai to leave his family and ride alone to his post. Kai said, "One who eats another's salary must share his lord's cares—if I go alone, who among the officers and men will hold firm?" He then took his whole household with him to his post. When Ge Rong pressed the city, some urged sending away the weak; Kai sent his youngest son and one daughter out by night; but then regretted it and said, "People will say my heart is not steadfast—that I sacrificed loyalty to preserve my family." He then ordered them brought back. When the rebels arrived, the odds were hopeless and there were no means of defense; Kai comforted and exhorted the officers and men to resist; all strove with ardor, saying, "Lord Cui does not spare a hundred lives—why should we cherish a single body!" They fought without pause; the dead lay piled one upon another, yet none wavered in loyalty. On xinwei the city fell; Kai grasped his staff of office and would not submit, and Rong killed him, then besieged Ji Province.
48
魏蕭寶寅出兵累年，將士疲弊。 秦賊擊之，寶寅大敗於涇州，收散兵萬餘人，屯逍遙園，東秦州刺史潘義淵以汧城降賊。 莫折念生進逼岐州，城人執刺史魏蘭根應之。 豳州刺史畢祖暉戰沒，行台辛深棄城走，北海王顥軍亦敗。 賊帥胡引祖據北華州，叱干麒麟據豳州以應天生，關中大擾。 雍州刺史楊椿募兵得七千餘人，帥以拒守，詔加椿侍中兼尚書右僕射，為行台，節度關西諸將。 北地功曹毛鴻賓引賊抄掠渭北，雍州錄事參軍楊侃將兵三千掩擊之； 鴻賓懼，請討賊自效，遂擒送宿勤烏過仁。 烏過仁者，明達之兄子也。 莫折天生乘勝寇雍州，蕭寶寅部將羊侃隱身塹中射之，應弦而斃，其眾遂潰。 侃，祉之子也。
Xiao Baoyin of Wei had campaigned for many years until his officers and men were worn out. The Qin rebels struck him; Baoyin suffered a crushing defeat at Jing Province, gathered more than ten thousand scattered troops, and encamped at Xiaoyaoyuan; Pan Yiyuan, governor of Eastern Qin Province, surrendered Qian city to the rebels. Moqi Niansheng advanced on Qi Province; the townspeople seized the governor Wei Lan'gen and joined him. Bi Zuhui, governor of Bin Province, fell in battle; the forward-army commander Xin Shen abandoned his city and fled; the army of the Prince of Beihai Yuan Hao was also defeated. The rebel Hu Yinzu held Northern Hua Province and Chigan Qilin held Bin Province in support of Moqi Tiansheng; the Guanzhong region was thrown into turmoil. Yang Chun, governor of Yong Province, recruited more than seven thousand troops and led them to hold the line; an edict made him Palace Attendant and concurrently Vice Director of the Right among the Masters of Writing, forward-army commander, and commander of the generals of the western passes. Mao Hongbin, a merit officer of Beidi, led rebels in raiding north of the Wei; Yang Kan of the Yang clan, a recording secretary of Yong Province, led three thousand troops in a surprise attack; Hongbin was afraid, offered to attack the rebels to prove his loyalty, and captured and delivered Suqin Wuguoren. Wuguoren was a nephew of Suqin Mingda. Moqi Tiansheng followed up his victory to raid Yong Province; Yang Kan, a subordinate of Xiao Baoyin from the Yang clan, hid in the trench and shot him—he fell at the twang of the bowstring and his host scattered. This Yang Kan was the son of Yang Zhi.
49
魏右民郎陽平路思令上疏，以為：「師出有功，在於將帥，得其人則六合唾掌可清，失其人則三河方為戰地。 竊以比年將帥多寵貴子孫，銜杯躍馬，志逸氣浮，軒眉攘腕，以攻戰自許； 及臨大敵，憂怖交懷，雄圖銳氣，一朝頓盡。 乃令羸弱在前以當寇，強壯居後以衛身，兼復器械不精，進止無節，以當負險之眾，敵數戰之虜，欲其不敗，豈可得哉！ 是以兵知必敗，始集而先逃； 將帥畏敵，遷延而不進。 國家謂官爵未滿，屢加寵命； 復疑賞賚之輕，日散金帛。 帑藏空竭，民財殫盡，遂使賊徒益甚，生民凋弊，凡以此也。 夫德可感義夫，恩可勸死士。 今若黜陟幽明，賞罰善惡，簡練士卒，繕修器械，先遣辯士曉以禍福，如其不悛，以順討逆。 如此，則何異厲蕭斧而伐朝菌，鼓洪爐而燎毛髮哉！」 弗聽。
Lu Siling of Yangping, a director in the Right Bureau of the People in Wei, submitted a memorial arguing, "Success in sending armies abroad lies in the commanders—with the right men the realm can be cleared as easily as spitting into one's palm; with the wrong men even the Three Rivers become a battlefield. In recent years most commanders are pampered noble scions—cup in hand, leaping on horseback, minds adrift and spirits buoyant, boasting of prowess in battle; yet when they face a great enemy, fear fills their hearts and their bold designs vanish in a single morning. They place the weak in front to meet the foe and keep the strong in the rear to guard themselves; their weapons are poor and their advances and halts lack discipline—pitched against foes holding difficult ground and veterans of many battles, how can they hope not to be defeated! Thus the soldiers know defeat is certain and flee before the battle is joined; the commanders fear the enemy and delay without advancing. The state thinks their offices and titles are not yet high enough and repeatedly adds honors; then suspects rewards are too slight and daily scatters gold and silk. The treasury is emptied, the people's wealth exhausted—the rebels grow worse and the common folk are ruined; all of this stems from these causes. Virtue can move men of principle; grace can stir men willing to die. If the court now promotes and demotes the worthy and unworthy, rewards good and punishes evil, drills the soldiers, repairs weapons, first sends eloquent envoys to explain fortune and disaster, and if they do not repent, uses the righteous to chastise the rebellious— what difference would there be from whetting an axe to fell a morning mushroom, or stoking a great furnace to singe a hair!" His advice was not heeded.
50
戊子，魏以皇甫度為太尉。
On wuzi, Wei appointed Huangfu Du Grand Commandant.
51
己丑，魏主以四方未平，詔內外戒嚴，將親出討，竟亦不行。
On jichou, because the four quarters were not yet pacified, the Wei sovereign placed the realm on alert within and without and announced a personal campaign; in the end this too was not carried out.
52
譙州刺史湛僧智圍魏東豫州，將軍彭群、王辯圍琅邪，魏敕青、南青二州救琅邪。 司州刺史夏侯夔帥壯武將軍裴之禮等出義陽道，攻魏平靜、穆陵、陰山三關，皆克之。 夔，但之弟； 之禮，邃之子也。
Zhan Sengzhi, governor of Qiao Province, besieged Eastern Yu Province in Wei; the generals Peng Qun and Wang Bian besieged Langye; Wei ordered Qing and Southern Qing Provinces to relieve Langye. Xiahou Kui, governor of Si Province, led the Robust Martial General Pei Zhili and others out by the Yiyang route, attacked the three Wei passes of Pingjing, Muling, and Yinshan, and took them all. Kui was the younger brother of Xiahou Dan. Zhili was the son of Pei Sui.
53
魏東清河郡山賊群起，詔以齊州長史房景伯為東清河太守。 郡民劉簡虎嘗無禮於景伯，舉家亡去。 景伯窮捕，擒之，署其子為西曹掾，令諭山賊。 賊以景伯不念舊惡，皆相帥出降。
Mountain bandits rose in Eastern Qinghe commandery in Wei; an edict appointed Fang Jingbo, chief clerk of Qi Province, governor of Eastern Qinghe. Liu Jianhu, a man of the commandery, had once been disrespectful to Jingbo and fled with his whole household. Jingbo hunted him down, captured him, appointed his son a Western Bureau aide, and ordered him to persuade the mountain bandits. Seeing that Jingbo did not bear old grudges, the bandits all led one another out to surrender.
54
景伯母崔氏，通經，有明識。 貝丘婦人列其子不孝，景伯以白其母，母曰：「吾聞聞名不如見面，山民未知禮義，何足深責！」 乃召其母，與之對榻共食，使其子侍立堂下，觀景伯供食。 未旬日，悔過求還； 崔氏曰：「此雖面慚，其心未也，且置之。」 凡二十餘日，其子叩頭流血，母涕泣乞還，然後聽之，卒以孝聞。 景伯，法壽之族子也。
Jingbo's mother, Lady Cui, was versed in the classics and had clear judgment. A woman of Beiqiu accused her son of unfilial conduct; Jingbo reported this to his mother, who said, "Hearing a name is not like meeting the face—the mountain folk do not yet know ritual and righteousness; why blame them deeply!" She summoned the mother, shared a couch and ate with her, and had the son wait below the hall to watch Jingbo serve food. Within ten days he repented and asked to return; Lady Cui said, "Though he is ashamed in face, his heart is not yet changed—let it be for now." After more than twenty days the son kowtowed until he bled and the mother wept and begged for his return; only then did she consent, and in the end he became known for filial piety. Jingbo was a clansman of Fang Fashou.
55
二月，秦賊據魏潼關。
In the second month, the Qin rebels seized Tong Pass in Wei.
56
庚申，魏東郡民趙顯德反，殺太守裴煙，自號都督。
On gengshen, Zhao Xiande of Dong commandery in Wei rebelled, killed the governor Pei Yan, and styled himself commander.
57
將軍成景俊攻魏彭城，魏以前荊州刺史崔孝芬為徐州行台以御之。 先是，孝芬坐元義黨與盧同等俱除名，及將赴徐州，入辭太后，太后謂孝芬曰：「我與卿姻戚，奈何內頭元義車中，稱『此老嫗會須去之！』」 孝芬曰：「臣蒙國厚恩，實無斯語。 假令有之，誰能得聞！ 若有聞者，此於元義親密過臣遠矣。」 太后意解，悵然有愧色。 景俊欲堰泗水以灌彭城，孝芬與都督李叔仁等擊之，景俊遁還。
The general Cheng Jingjun attacked Pengcheng in Wei; Wei appointed the former governor of Jing Province Cui Xiaofen forward-army commander of Xu Province to resist him. Earlier, Xiaofen had been implicated as a partisan of Yuan Yi along with Lu Tong and others and stripped of rank; when he was about to depart for Xu Province he took leave of the empress dowager, who said to him, "You and I are kin by marriage—why, inside Yuan Yi's carriage, did you say, 'This old woman will have to go!' Xiaofen said, "I have received thick favor from the state and in truth never spoke such words. Even if I had, who could have heard it! If anyone heard it, that person would be far more intimate with Yuan Yi than I." The empress dowager's anger eased, and she looked regretful and ashamed. Jingjun wished to dam the Si River to inundate Pengcheng; Xiaofen and the commander Li Shuren and others struck him, and Jingjun fled back.
58
三月，甲子，魏主詔將西討，中外戒嚴。 會秦賊西走，復得潼關，戊辰，詔回駕北討。 其實皆不行。
In the third month, on jiazi, the Wei sovereign announced a western campaign and placed the realm on alert within and without. When the Qin rebels fled west, Tong Pass was recovered; on wuchen an edict ordered the imperial carriage to turn back for a northern campaign. In fact neither campaign was carried out.
59
葛榮久圍信都，魏以金紫光祿大夫源子邕為北討大都督以救之。
Ge Rong had long besieged Xindu; Wei appointed Yuan Ziyong, Grandee of Splendid Happiness with the Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon, grand commander of the northern punitive campaign to rescue it.
60
初，上作同泰寺，又開大通門以對之，取其反語相協。 上晨夕幸寺，皆出入是門。 辛未，上幸寺捨身； 甲戌，還宮，大赦，改元。
Earlier, the emperor built Tongtai Temple and also opened the Great Passage Gate to face it, taking the reverse reading of the names as a harmonious omen. Morning and evening the emperor visited the temple, always entering and leaving by this gate. On xinwei the emperor visited the temple and surrendered his person to the monastery; on jiaxu he returned to the palace, proclaimed a general amnesty, and changed the era name.
61
魏齊州廣川民劉鈞聚眾反，自署大行台； 清河民房須自署大都督，屯據昌國城。
Liu Jun of Guangchuan in Qi Province gathered followers and rebelled, styling himself commander of the great forward army; Fang Xu of Qinghe styled himself grand commander and held Changguo city.
62
夏，四月，魏將元斌之討東郡，斬趙顯德。
In summer, in the fourth month, the Wei general Yuan Binzhi attacked Dong commandery and beheaded Zhao Xiande.
63
己酉，柔然頭兵可汗遣使入貢於魏，且請討群賊。 魏人畏其反覆，詔以盛暑，且俟後敕。
On jiyou, the Toubing Khan of Rouran sent envoys to offer tribute to Wei and also asked to campaign against the rebel bands. Wei feared their fickleness and issued an edict citing the height of summer and telling them to await further orders.
64
魏蕭寶寅之敗也，有司處以死刑，詔免為庶人。 雍州刺史楊椿有疾求解，復以寶寅為都督雍、涇等四州諸軍事、征西將軍、雍州刺史、開府儀同三司、西討大都督，自關以西皆受節度。 椿還鄉里，其子昱將適洛陽，椿謂之曰：「當今雍州刺史亦無逾寶寅者，但其上佐，朝廷應遣心膂重人，何得任其牒用！ 此乃聖朝百慮之一失也。 且寶寅不藉刺史為榮，吾觀其得州，喜悅特甚，至於賞罰雲為，不依常憲，恐有異心。 汝今赴京師，當以吾此意啟二聖，並白宰輔，更遣長史、司馬、防城都督，欲安關中，正須三人耳。 如其不遣，必成深憂。」 昱面啟魏主及太后，皆不聽。
When Xiao Baoyin of Wei was defeated, the authorities sentenced him to death, but an edict pardoned him to commoner status. Yang Chun, governor of Yong Province, fell ill and asked to be relieved; Baoyin was again made commander of Yong, Jing, and four other provinces, General Who Campaigns West, governor of Yong Province, opener of a government office with the rank of peer of the Three Excellencies, and grand commander of the western punitive campaign—all west of the passes were placed under his command. Chun returned home; his son Yu was about to go to Luoyang. Chun told him, "Among present governors of Yong Province none surpasses Baoyin, yet for his senior aides the court ought to send men of the utmost trust—how can he be allowed to appoint whom he lists! This is one lapse among the myriad concerns of the sacred court. Moreover Baoyin does not take glory from the governorship alone; I observe that when he obtained the province he was exceedingly joyful, and in meting out rewards and punishments he does not follow the usual statutes—I fear he harbors ulterior designs. You are now going to the capital; report this thought of mine to the Two Sovereigns and inform the chief ministers as well, asking that a chief clerk, a marshal, and a garrison commander be sent anew—to secure Guanzhong, these three men are precisely what is needed. If they are not sent, deep worry is sure to follow." Yu reported this in person to the Wei sovereign and the empress dowager; neither would listen.
65
五月，丙寅，成景俊攻魏臨潼、竹邑，拔之。 東宮直閣蘭欽攻魏蕭城、厥固，拔之，欽斬魏將曹龍牙。
In the fifth month, on bingyin, Cheng Jingjun attacked Lintong and Zhuyi in Wei and took them. Lan Qin, an attendant at the Eastern Palace, attacked Xiaocheng and Juegu in Wei, took them, and beheaded the Wei general Cao Longya.
66
六月，魏都督李叔仁討劉鈞，平之。
In the sixth month, the Wei commander Li Shuren attacked Liu Jun and pacified him.
67
秋，七月，魏陳郡民劉獲、鄭辯反於西華，改元天授，與湛僧智通謀，魏以行東豫州刺史譙國曹世表為東南道行台以討之，源子恭代世表為東豫州。 諸將以賊眾強，官軍弱，且皆敗散之餘，不敢戰，欲保城自固。 世表方病背腫，輿出，呼統軍是雲寶謂曰：「湛僧智所以敢深入為寇者，以獲、辯皆州民之望，為之內應也。 向聞獲引兵欲迎僧智，去此八十里； 今出其不意，一戰可破，獲破，則僧智自走矣。」 乃選士馬付寶，暮出城，比曉而至，擊獲，大破之，窮討餘黨悉平。 僧智聞之，遁還。 鄭辯與子恭親舊，亡匿子恭所，世表集將吏面責子恭，收辯，斬之。
In autumn, in the seventh month, Liu Huo and Zheng Bian of Chen commandery rebelled at Xihua, proclaimed the era name Tianshou, and plotted with Zhan Sengzhi; Wei appointed Cao Shibiao of Qiaoguo, acting governor of Eastern Yu Province, forward-army commander of the southeastern route to suppress them, and Yuan Zigong replaced Shibiao in Eastern Yu Province. The generals thought the rebels numerous and the government troops few and weak, all remnants of defeated forces—they dared not fight and wished only to hold the city. Shibiao was ill with a swelling on his back; he was carried out in a litter and called the commander Shiyun Bao, saying, "Zhan Sengzhi dares raid deep inland because Huo and Bian are both men in whom the people of the province place their hopes, serving as his allies within. I have just heard that Huo is leading troops to welcome Sengzhi, eighty li from here; if we strike now by surprise, one battle can break them; once Huo is broken, Sengzhi will flee of himself." He then selected troops and horses for Bao; they left the city at dusk, arrived by dawn, struck Huo, routed him, and pursued the remnant factions until all were pacified. When Sengzhi heard of it he fled back. Zheng Bian was an old friend of Zigong and hid with him; Shibiao assembled the officers, rebuked Zigong to his face, seized Bian, and beheaded him.
68
魏相州刺史樂安王鑒與北道都督衍共救信都。 鑒幸魏多故，陰有異志，遂據鄴叛，降葛榮。
Yuan Jian, Prince of Le'an and governor of Xiang Province in Wei, and the northern-route commander Pei Yan together went to rescue Xindu. Jian rejoiced that Wei was beset by troubles and secretly harbored ulterior designs; he seized Ye in rebellion and surrendered to Ge Rong.
69
己丑，魏大赦。
On jichou, Wei proclaimed a general amnesty.
70
初，侍御史遼東高道穆奉使相州，前刺史李世哲奢縱不法，道穆案之。 世哲弟神軌用事，道穆兄謙之家奴訴良，神軌收謙之系廷尉。 赦將出，神軌啟太后先賜謙之死，朝士哀之。
Earlier, Gao Daomu of Liaodong, an attendant censor, was sent on mission to Xiang Province; the former governor Li Shizhe was extravagant, unrestrained, and lawless, and Daomu investigated him. Shizhe's younger brother Shengui held power; a household slave of Daomu's elder brother Qianzhi sued for free status, and Shengui seized Qianzhi and imprisoned him in the Court of the Imperial Clan. When an amnesty was about to be issued, Shengui memorialized the empress dowager to have Qianzhi executed beforehand; court gentlemen mourned him.
71
彭群、王辯圍琅邪，自夏及秋，魏青州刺史彭城王劭遣司馬鹿悆、南青州刺史胡平遣長史劉仁之將兵擊群、辯，破之，群戰沒。 劭，勰之子也。
Peng Qun and Wang Bian besieged Langye from summer through autumn; Yuan Shao, Prince of Pengcheng and governor of Qing Province in Wei, sent the marshal Lu Yu, and Hu Ping, governor of Southern Qing Province, sent the chief clerk Liu Renzhi with troops to attack them, defeated them, and Qun fell in battle. Shao was the son of Yuan Xie.
72
八月，魏遣都督源之邕，李神軌，裴衍攻鄴。 子邕行及湯陰，安樂王鑒遣弟斌之夜襲子邕營，不克； 子邕乘勝進圍鄴城，丁未，拔之，斬鑒，傳首洛陽，改姓拓跋氏。 魏因遣子邕、裴衍討葛榮。
In the eighth month, Wei sent the commanders Yuan Zhiyong, Li Shengui, and Pei Yan to attack Ye. As Zhiyong marched to Tangyin, Jian, Prince of Le'an, sent his younger brother Bin to raid Zhiyong's camp by night without success; Zhiyong followed up his victory and besieged Ye; on dingwei he took it, beheaded Jian, sent his head to Luoyang, and changed his surname to the imperial Tabgach clan name. Wei then sent Zhiyong and Pei Yan to campaign against Ge Rong.
73
九月，秦州城民杜粲殺莫折念生闔門皆盡，粲自行州事。 南秦州城民辛琛亦自行州事，遣使詣蕭寶寅請降。 魏復以寶寅為尚書令，還其舊封。
In the ninth month, Du Can of Qin Province killed Moqi Niansheng and wiped out his entire household, then administered the province on his own authority. Xin Chen of Southern Qin Province also administered the province on his own authority and sent envoys to Xiao Baoyin to offer surrender. Wei again made Baoyin Director of the Masters of Writing and restored his former fief.
74
譙州刺史湛僧智圍魏東豫州刺史元慶和於廣陵，魏將軍元顯伯救之，司州刺史夏侯夔自武陽引兵助僧智。 冬，十月，夔至城下，慶和舉城降。 夔以讓僧智，僧智曰：「慶和欲降公，不欲降僧智，今往，必乖其意。 且僧智所將應募烏合之人，不可御以法； 公持軍素嚴，必無侵暴，受降納附，深得其宜。」 夔乃登城，拔魏幟，建梁幟； 慶和束兵而出，吏民安堵，獲男女四萬餘口。
Zhan Sengzhi, governor of Qiao Province, besieged Yuan Qinghe, governor of Eastern Yu Province in Wei, at Guangling; the Wei general Yuan Xianbo went to rescue him, and Xiahou Kui, governor of Si Province, led troops from Wuyang to aid Sengzhi. In winter, in the tenth month, Kui reached the walls and Qinghe surrendered the whole city. Kui wished to yield the honor to Sengzhi; Sengzhi said, "Qinghe wishes to surrender to you, not to me—if I go now, it will surely go against his intent. Moreover the men I lead are recruited rabble and cannot be governed by strict law; You have always held the army strictly and will surely permit no pillage—receiving surrender and winning adherence, you are deeply suited to the task." Kui then mounted the walls, pulled down the Wei banners, and raised Liang banners; Qinghe bound up his weapons and came out; officials and people were settled in peace, and more than forty thousand men and women were taken.
75
臣光曰：湛僧智可謂君子矣！ 忘其積時攻戰之勞，以授一朝新至之將，知己之短，不掩人之長，功成不取，以濟國事，忠且無私，可謂君子矣！
Sima Guang comments: Zhan Sengzhi may truly be called a gentleman! He forgot the toil of long campaigning and handed the credit to a newly arrived general; he knew his own shortcomings and did not conceal another's strengths; when success was achieved he did not seize it but used it to advance the state's affairs—loyal and without selfishness, he may truly be called a gentleman!
76
元顯伯宵遁，諸軍追之，斬獲萬計。 詔以僧智領東豫州刺史，鎮廣陵。 夔引軍屯安陽，遣別將屠楚城，由是義陽北道遂與魏絕。
Yuan Xianbo fled by night; the armies pursued him and beheaded or captured tens of thousands. An edict appointed Sengzhi acting governor of Eastern Yu Province, stationed at Guangling. Kui led his army to encamp at Anyang, sent a detached general to storm Chucheng, and thereby cut the northern route of Yiyang off from Wei.
77
領軍曹仲宗、東宮直閤陳慶之攻魏渦陽，詔尋陽太守韋放將兵會之。 魏散騎常侍費穆引兵奄至，放營壘未立，麾下止有二百餘人，放免冑下馬，據胡床處分，士皆殊死戰，莫不一當百，魏兵遂退。 放，睿之子也。
The army commander Cao Zhongzong and Chen Qingzhi, an attendant of the Eastern Palace, attacked Woyang in Wei; an edict ordered Wei Fang, governor of Xunyang, to lead troops to join them. Fei Mu, Attendant at the Imperial Mount in Wei, led troops that arrived suddenly; Fang's camp was not yet established and he had only a little more than two hundred men. Fang removed his helmet, dismounted, sat on a folding chair to give orders, and the soldiers fought as if ready to die, each matching a hundred; the Wei troops withdrew. Fang was the son of Wei Rui.
78
魏又遣將軍元昭等眾五萬救渦陽，前軍至駝澗，去渦陽四十里。 陳慶之欲逆戰，韋放以魏之前鋒必皆輕銳，不如勿擊，待其來至。 慶之曰； 「魏兵遠來疲倦，去我既遠，必不見疑，及其未集，須挫其氣。 諸君若疑，慶之請獨取之。」 於是帥麾下二百騎進擊，破之，魏人驚駭。 慶之乃還，與諸將連營而進，背渦陽城與魏軍相持。 自春至冬，數十百戰，將士疲弊。 聞魏人欲築壘於軍後，曹仲宗等恐腹背受敵，議引軍還。 慶之杖節軍門曰：「共來至此，涉歷一歲，糜費極多。 今諸君皆無鬥心，唯謀退縮，豈是欲立功名，直聚為抄暴耳！ 吾聞置兵死地，乃可求生； 須虜大合，然後與戰。 審欲班師，慶之別有密敕，今日犯者，當依敕行之！」 仲宗等乃止。
Wei again sent the general Yuan Zhao and others with fifty thousand men to rescue Woyang; the vanguard reached Tuojian, forty li from Woyang. Chen Qingzhi wished to give battle; Wei Fang thought the Wei vanguard must all be light elite troops and that it would be better to wait until they arrived. Qingzhi said: "The Wei troops have come from afar and are weary; they are already far from us and will not suspect us—before they gather we must break their spirit. If you gentlemen are in doubt, let Qingzhi take them alone." He then led two hundred horsemen in an attack, routed them, and the Wei troops were shocked and terrified. Qingzhi then returned, joined camps with the other generals, and advanced with his back to Woyang city in stalemate against the Wei army. From spring through winter they fought scores of battles; officers and men were worn out. When they heard that the Wei men wished to build fortifications behind the army, Cao Zhongzong and others feared being attacked front and rear and discussed withdrawal. Qingzhi, staff in hand at the army gate, said, "We have all come here together and passed a full year at vast expense. Now you gentlemen all lack fighting spirit and think only of retreat—do you wish to establish merit and fame, or have you simply gathered to plunder! I have heard that when troops are placed in deadly ground, life may then be sought; we must wait until the enemy gathers in full, and only then give battle. If you truly wish to withdraw, Qingzhi has a separate secret edict—whoever offends today shall be dealt with according to that edict!" Zhongzong and the others then stopped.
79
魏人作十三城，欲以控制梁軍。 慶之銜枚夜出，陷其四城，渦陽城主王緯乞降。 韋放簡遣降者三十餘人分報魏諸營，陳慶之陳其俘馘，鼓噪隨之，魏九城皆潰，追擊之，俘斬略盡，屍咽渦水，所降城中男女三萬餘口。
The Wei men built thirteen fortified positions to control the Liang army. Qingzhi went out by night with gags in the soldiers' mouths, took four of the positions, and Wang Wei, lord of Woyang, begged to surrender. Wei Fang sent more than thirty of the surrendered men to report separately to the various Wei camps; Chen Qingzhi displayed his captives and severed heads and advanced with drums and shouts—the nine remaining Wei positions all collapsed. In pursuit, prisoners and heads were taken nearly to the last man; corpses choked the Wo River, and the surrendered cities yielded more than thirty thousand men and women.
80
蕭寶寅之敗於涇州也，或勸之歸罪洛陽，或曰不若留關中立功自效。 行台都令史河間馮景曰：「擁兵不還，此罪將大。」 寶寅不從，自念出師累年，糜費不貲，一旦覆敗，內不自安； 魏朝亦疑之。
When Xiao Baoyin was defeated at Jing Province, some urged him to return to Luoyang to accept punishment, others said it would be better to remain in Guanzhong and establish merit to redeem himself. Feng Jing of Hejian, chief clerk of the forward army, said, "To hold troops and not return—this offense will be grave." Baoyin would not listen; he reflected that he had campaigned for many years at immeasurable cost and had been utterly defeated in a single stroke—he was ill at ease within; the Wei court also suspected him.
81
中尉酈道元，素名嚴猛。 司州牧汝南王悅嬖人丘念，弄權縱恣，道元收念付獄。 悅請之於胡太后，太后敕赦之，道元殺之，並以劾悅。
Li Daoyuan, director of the imperial guard, had always been known as stern and fierce. Qiu Nian, a favorite of Yuan Yue, Prince of Runan and governor of Si Province, abused power without restraint; Daoyuan seized Nian and handed him to prison. Yue pleaded for him before Empress Dowager Hu; the empress dowager issued an edict to pardon him, but Daoyuan killed him anyway and also impeached Yue.
82
時寶寅反狀已露，悅乃奏以道元為關右大使。 寶寅聞之，謂為取己，甚懼，長安輕薄子弟復勸使舉兵。 寶寅以問河東柳楷，楷曰：「大王，齊明帝子，天下所屬，今日之舉，實允人望。 且謠言『鸞生十子九子毈，一子不毈關中亂。』 亂者治也，大王當治關中，何所疑！」 道元至陰盤驛，寶寅遣其將郭子恢攻殺之，收殯其屍，表言白賊所害。 又上表自理，稱為楊椿父子所譖。
By then Baoyin's rebellious designs were already exposed, and Yue memorialized to appoint Daoyuan as envoy of the Passes West. When Baoyin heard of it he thought it was aimed at seizing him and was greatly afraid; the frivolous young men of Chang'an again urged him to raise troops. Baoyin asked Liu Kai of Hedong; Kai said, "Your Highness is a son of Emperor Ming of Qi, the man to whom the realm looks—today's undertaking truly fulfills the people's hopes. Moreover there is a saying: 'Luan bore ten sons; nine were hunchbacked, and the one who was not hunchbacked brought chaos to Guanzhong. Chaos' means 'to govern'—Your Highness ought to govern Guanzhong; what is there to doubt!" When Daoyuan reached the Yinpan post station, Baoyin sent his general Guo Zihui to attack and kill him, gathered his corpse for burial, and memorialized that he had been killed by White rebels. He also submitted a memorial in his own defense, saying he had been slandered by Yang Chun and his son.
83
寶寅行台郎中武功蘇湛，臥病在家，寶寅令湛從母弟開府屬天水姜儉說湛曰：「元略受蕭衍旨，欲見剿除。 道元之來，事不可測。 吾不能坐受死亡，今須為身計，不復作魏臣矣。 死生榮辱，與卿共之。」 湛聞之，舉聲大哭。 儉遽止之，曰：「何得便爾！」 湛曰：「我百口今屠滅，雲何不哭！」 哭數十聲，徐謂儉曰：「為我白齊王，王本以窮鳥投入，賴朝廷假王羽翼，榮寵至此。 屬國步多虞，不能竭忠報德，乃欲乘人間隙，信惑行路無識之語，欲以羸敗之兵守關問鼎。 今魏德雖衰，天命未改，且王之恩義未洽於民，但見其敗，未見有成，蘇湛不能以百口為王族滅。」 寶寅復使謂曰：「我救死不得不爾，所以不先相白者，恐沮吾計耳。」 湛曰：「凡謀大事，當得天下奇才與之從事，今但與長安博徒謀之，此有成理不？ 湛恐荊棘必生於齋閣，願賜骸骨歸鄉里，庶得病死，下見先人。」 寶寅素重湛，且知其不為己用，聽還武功。
Su Zhan of Wugong, a director in Baoyin's forward army, was ill at home; Baoyin had Zhan's maternal cousin Jiang Jian of Tianshui, an aide in the opener of the government office, speak to Zhan, saying, "Yuan Lue received Xiao Yan's orders and wishes to see us destroyed. Daoyuan's coming—the affair cannot be fathomed. I cannot sit and await death; now I must plan for myself and will no longer serve as a minister of Wei. Life and death, glory and shame—I share them with you." When Zhan heard this he broke into loud weeping. Jian hastily stopped him and said, "How can you weep like this!" Zhan said, "My whole clan is to be slaughtered to the last—how can I not weep!" After weeping many times he slowly told Jian, "Speak for me to the Prince of Qi: Your Highness came as a bird in distress seeking refuge and relied on the court to lend you wings—honor and favor reached this height. When the state's fortunes are beset by troubles you could not exhaust loyalty to repay kindness, yet now you wish to seize an opening, trust ignorant street talk, and hold the passes with defeated troops to contest the throne. Now Wei's virtue may be in decline, but Heaven's mandate has not changed; moreover Your Highness's grace has not yet reached the people—one sees only defeat, not success. Su Zhan cannot let his whole clan be destroyed for Your Highness." Baoyin again sent word, saying, "To save my life I must do this; the reason I did not inform you beforehand was that I feared discouraging my plan." Zhan said, "In plotting great affairs one ought to obtain the rare talents of the realm to undertake them with one—now you consult only with gamblers of Chang'an; is there any principle of success in this? Zhan fears thorns will grow in the study hall; I beg leave to return home and die of illness, that I may meet my ancestors below." Baoyin had always esteemed Zhan and knew he would not serve his purposes; he allowed him to return to Wugong.
84
甲寅，寶寅自稱齊帝，改元隆緒，赦其所部，署百官。 都督長史毛遐，鴻賓之兄也，與鴻賓帥氐、羌起兵於馬祗柵以拒寶寅； 寶寅遣大將軍盧祖遷擊之，為遐所殺。 寶寅方祀南郊，行即位禮未畢，聞敗，色變，不暇整部伍，狼狽而歸。 以姜儉為尚書左丞，委以心腹。 文安周惠達為寶寅使，在洛陽，有司欲收之，惠達逃歸長安。 寶寅以惠達為光祿勳。
On jiayin, Baoyin styled himself Emperor of Qi, changed the era name to Longxu, proclaimed amnesty within his following, and appointed the hundred offices. Mao Xia, chief clerk to the commander and elder brother of Hongbin, joined with Hongbin in leading the Di and Qiang in revolt at Mazhi Stockade to resist Baoyin; Baoyin sent the grand general Lu Zuqian to attack them, and Xia killed him. Baoyin was sacrificing at the southern suburb and had not finished the enthronement rites when he heard of the defeat; his countenance changed, he had no time to reorganize the ranks, and returned in disarray. He made Jiang Jian Left Director among the Masters of Writing and entrusted him as a confidant. Zhou Huida of Wen'an, an envoy of Baoyin, was in Luoyang; the authorities wished to seize him, and Huida fled back to Chang'an. Baoyin made Huida Grand Master for Splendid Happiness.
85
丹陽王蕭贊聞寶寅反，懼而出走，趣白鹿山，至河橋，為人所獲，魏主知其不預謀，釋而尉之。 行台郎封偉伯等與關中豪傑謀舉兵誅寶寅，事洩而死。
Xiao Zan, Prince of Danyang, heard that Baoyin had rebelled, fled in alarm toward Bailu Mountain, and was seized at Heqiao; the Wei sovereign knew he had not joined the plot, released him, and comforted him. Feng Weibo, a gentleman of the forward army, and others plotted with the powerful men of Guanzhong to raise troops and execute Baoyin; the affair was exposed and they were put to death.
86
魏以尚書僕射長孫稚為行台以討寶寅。
Wei appointed Changsun Zhi, Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, forward-army commander to suppress Baoyin.
87
正平民薛鳳賢反，宗人薛修義亦聚眾河東，分據鹽池，攻圍蒲板，東西連結以應寶寅。 詔都督宗正珍孫討之。
Xue Fengxian of Zhengping rebelled; his clansman Xue Xiuyi also gathered followers in Hedong, seized the salt pools, besieged Puban, and linked east and west in support of Baoyin. An edict ordered the commander Zongzheng Zhensun to suppress them.
88
十一月，丁卯，以護軍蕭淵藻為北討都督，鎮渦陽。 戊辰，以渦陽置西徐州。
In the eleventh month, on dingmao, Xiao Yuanzao, General Who Guards the Army, was made grand commander of the northern punitive campaign and stationed at Woyang. On wuchen, Western Xu Province was established at Woyang.
89
葛榮圍魏信都，自春及冬，冀州刺史元孚帥勵將士，晝夜拒守，糧儲既竭，外無救援，己丑，城陷； 榮執孚，逐出居民，凍死者什六七。 孚兄祐為防城都督，榮大集將士，議其生死。 孚兄弟各自引咎，爭相為死，都督潘紹等數百人，皆叩頭請就法以活使君。 榮曰：「此皆魏之忠臣義士。」 於是同禁者五百人皆得免。
Ge Rong besieged Xindu in Wei from spring through winter; Yuan Fu, governor of Ji Province, led and exhorted the officers and men in day-and-night defense. When stores were exhausted and no rescue came from outside, on jichou the city fell; Rong seized Fu, drove out the inhabitants, and six or seven out of ten died of cold. Fu's elder brother You was commander of the garrison defense; Rong assembled the officers and men and debated their fate. The Fu brothers each took blame on himself and vied to die in the other's place; the commander Pan Shao and several hundred others all kowtowed asking to accept punishment in order to spare the governor. Rong said, "These are all loyal ministers and righteous gentlemen of Wei." Thereupon the five hundred held in the same imprisonment were all spared.
90
魏以源子邕為冀州刺史，將兵討榮； 裴衍表請同行，詔許之。 子邕上言：「衍行，臣請留； 臣行，請留衍； 若逼使同行，敗在旦夕。」 不許，十二月，戊申，行至陽平東北漳水曲，榮帥眾十萬擊之，子邕、衍俱敗死。
Wei appointed Yuan Ziyong governor of Ji Province and sent troops to campaign against Rong; Pei Yan memorialized asking to go together, and an edict permitted it. Ziyong memorialized: "If Yan goes, I ask to remain; if I go, I ask that Yan remain; if we are forced to go together, defeat will come within the day." This was not granted. In the twelfth month, on wushen, when they reached the bend of the Zhang River northeast of Yangping, Rong led a host of one hundred thousand to attack them, and both Ziyong and Yan were defeated and killed.
91
相州吏民聞冀州已陷，子邕等敗，人不自保。 相州刺史恆農李神志氣自若，撫勉將士，大小致力，葛榮盡銳攻之，卒不能克。
When the officials and people of Xiang Province heard that Ji Province had fallen and Ziyong and the others had been defeated, no one felt safe. Li Shen, governor of Xiang Province from Hengnong, remained calm in spirit and countenance, comforted and exhorted the officers and men, and all gave their utmost; Ge Rong attacked with all his elite strength and in the end could not take it.
92
秦州民駱超殺杜粲，請降於魏。
Luo Chao of Qin Province killed Du Can and offered to surrender to Wei.