1
資治通鑑第152卷
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 152
2
【梁紀八】著雍涒灘（ 戎申） ，一年。
[Liang Records, Part 8] Sexagenary year wushen (Zhiyong Cuitan) ( wushen), year one.
3
高祖武皇帝八大通二年（ 戊申，公元五二八年）
Emperor Wu of Liang, Zhongdatong year 2 ( wushen, 528 CE)
4
春，正月，癸亥，魏以北海王顥為驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、相州刺史。
In spring, on the first month's guihai day, Northern Wei appointed the Prince of Beihai, Yuan Hao, Grand General of Agile Cavalry, with an office equal to the Three Excellencies, and inspector of Xiang province.
5
魏北道行台楊津守定州城，居鮮于修禮、杜洛周之間，迭來攻圍； 津蓄薪糧，治器械，隨機拒擊，賊不能克。 津潛使人以鐵券說賊黨，賊黨有應津者，遺津書曰：「賊所以圍城，正為取北人耳。 城中北人，宜盡殺之，不然，必為患。」 津悉收北人內子城中而不殺，眾無不感其仁。
Yang Jin, commander of the Northern Wei mobile staff, held Dingzhou city between the forces of Xianyu Xiuli and Du Luozhou, and the rebels attacked and besieged it in turn; Jin stockpiled fuel and grain, readied arms, and struck back as opportunity allowed, and the rebels could not capture the city. Jin secretly sent agents to sway the rebel ranks with iron tallies of amnesty; sympathizers inside the rebel camp wrote to him: "The rebels besiege the city only to seize the northerners within. You should kill every northerner in the city, or they will surely become a danger." Jin brought every northerner into the inner citadel and spared them, and the whole garrison was won by his mercy.
6
及葛榮代修禮統眾，使人說津，許以為司徒； 津斬其使，固守三年。 杜洛周圍之，魏不能救。 津遣其子遁突圍出，詣柔然頭兵可汗求救。 遁日夜泣請，頭兵遣其從祖吐豆發帥精騎一萬南出。 前鋒至廣昌，賊塞隘口，柔然遂還。 乙丑，津長史李裔引賊入，執津，欲烹之，既而捨之。 瀛州刺史元寧以城降洛周。
When Ge Rong succeeded Xiuli as leader of the rebels, he sent envoys to win Yang Jin over with the promise of the post of Minister over the Masses; Jin executed the envoys and held out for three years. Du Luozhou invested the city, and the Wei court could not relieve it. Jin sent his son Dun to break through the siege and seek help from Toubing, khan of the Rouran. Dun pleaded day and night in tears; Toubing dispatched his father's younger cousin Tudufa at the head of ten thousand picked horsemen to march south. The vanguard reached Guangchang, but the rebels blocked the defile and the Rouran withdrew. On yichou, Jin's chief clerk Li Yi admitted the rebels, seized Jin, and was about to boil him alive, then relented and spared him. Yuan Ning, inspector of Ying province, surrendered his city to Du Luozhou.
7
乙丑，魏潘嬪生女，胡太后詐言皇子。 丙寅，大赦，改元武泰。
On yichou, Consort Pan of Wei bore a girl, and Empress Dowager Hu falsely announced that a prince had been born. On bingyin, the court proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the era name to Wutai.
8
蕭寶寅圍馮翊，未下； 長孫稚軍至恆農，行台左丞楊侃謂稚曰：「昔魏武與韓遂、馬超據潼關相拒，遂、超之才，非魏武敵也，然而勝負久不決者，扼其險要故也。 今賊守禦已固，雖魏武復生，無以施其智勇。 不如北取蒲阪，渡河而西，入其腹心，置兵死地，則華州之圍不戰自解，潼關之守必內顧而走。 支節既解，長安可坐取也。 若愚計可取，願為明公前驅。」 稚曰：「子之計則善矣； 然今薛修義圍河東，薛鳳賢據安邑，宗正珍孫守虞板不得進，如何可往？」 侃曰：「珍孫行陳一夫，因緣為將，可為人使，安能使人！ 河東治在蒲反，西逼河漘，封疆多在郡東。 修義驅帥士民西圍郡城，其父母妻子皆留舊村，一旦聞官軍來至，皆有內顧之心，必望風自潰矣。」 稚乃使其子子彥與侃帥騎兵自恆農北渡，據石錐壁，侃聲言：「今且停此以待步兵，且觀民情向背。 命送降名者各自還村，俟台軍舉三烽，當亦舉烽相應； 其無應烽者，乃賊黨也，當進擊屠之，以所獲賞軍。」 於是村民轉相告語，雖實未降者亦詐舉烽，一宿之間，火光遍數百里。 賊圍城者不測其故，各自散歸； 修義亦逃還，與鳳賢俱請降。 丙子，稚克潼關，遂入河東。
Xiao Baoyin besieged Fengyi but had not yet captured it; Zhangsun Zhi's army reached Hengnong; Yang Kan, left director of the mobile staff, said to Zhi: "Long ago Cao Cao held Tong Pass against Han Sui and Ma Chao. Sui and Chao were no match for him in talent, yet the struggle dragged on because he was pinned at a vital choke point. The rebels' defenses are already solid; even if Cao Cao himself returned, he could not bring his wit and valor to bear. Better march north, seize Puban, cross west of the Yellow River, and strike into their heartland with troops driven to desperation—then the siege of Huazhou will lift without a fight, and the Tong Pass garrison will turn homeward and break. Once those limbs are severed, Chang'an can be taken at leisure. If this plan suits you, I ask to lead the van for you." Zhi said, "Your plan is sound; but Xue Xiuyi now besieges Hedong, Xue Fengxian holds Anyi, and Zongsun Zhensun blocks Yuban so we cannot get through—how can we march?" Kan said, "Zhensun is a common soldier who rose by luck to command; others can use him—he cannot use others! Hedong's administrative seat is at Puban, hugging the river on the west, and most of the commandery lies east of the city. Xiuyi has driven officers, troops, and townsfolk west to invest the seat, while their parents, wives, and children remain in the old hamlets—once they hear the imperial army is come, every man will look homeward and melt away at the first wind." Zhi then sent his son Ziyan and Kan with cavalry to cross north from Hengnong, occupy Shizhui cliff, and Kan announced: "We pause here to await the infantry and to see which way the people lean. He ordered anyone who wished to surrender to return to his village; when the mobile staff lights three beacon fires, you are to light beacons in reply; any hamlet that does not answer is rebel territory and will be stormed and put to the sword, and the booty will reward the troops." The villagers passed word among themselves; even those who had not surrendered lit false beacons, and within a single night fires stretched across hundreds of li. The rebels investing the city could not guess what had happened and drifted home in confusion; Xiuyi fled as well, and he and Fengxian both sued for surrender. On bingzi, Zhi captured Tong Pass and marched into Hedong.
9
會有詔廢鹽池稅，稚上表以為：「鹽池天產之貨，密邇京畿，唯應寶而守之，均贍以理。 今四方多虞，府藏罄竭，冀、定擾攘，常謂之絹不復可收，唯仰府庫，有出無入。 略論鹽稅，一年之中，准絹而言，不減三十萬匹，乃是移冀、定二州置於畿甸。 今若廢之，事同再失。 臣前仰違嚴旨，而先討關賊，逕解河東者，非緩長安而急薄阪，一失鹽池，三軍乏食。 天助大魏，茲計不爽。 昔高祖昇平之年，無所乏少，猶創置鹽官而加典護，非與物競利，恐由利而亂俗也。 況今國用不足，租征六年之粟，調折來歲之資，此皆奪人私財，事不獲已。 臣輒符同監將、尉，還帥所部，依常收稅，更聽後敕。」
An edict had just abolished the salt-pond levy; Zhi memorialized: "The salt ponds are a gift of nature hard by the capital; they should be guarded as treasure and their yield distributed by fair rule. Trouble rises on every side, the treasury stands empty, Ji and Ding are in chaos, and men say their silk tribute will never be collected again—the court lives only on the treasury, spending without replenishment. A rough tally of the salt tax, reckoned in silk, brings no less than three hundred thousand bolts a year—equivalent to planting Ji and Ding inside the capital domain. To abolish it now would be to lose the same ground twice. I earlier defied your stern command and struck the Tong Pass rebels first, then relieved Hedong—not because I slighted Chang'an for Puban, but because without the salt ponds the whole army would go hungry. Heaven aided Great Wei, and the plan did not fail. Even in Gaozu's peaceful years, when the realm wanted for nothing, he still created salt officers and added overseers—not to wring profit from the people, but lest profit corrupt custom. How much more today, when the treasury runs short, rent is taken six years ahead, and corvée drafts next year's stores—all seizing private wealth because there is no choice. I have already coordinated with the supervising generals and commandants, returned to my command, and continued collection as before, pending further instruction."
10
蕭寶寅遣其將侯終德擊毛遐。 會郭子恢等屢為魏軍所敗，終德因其勢挫，還軍襲寶寅； 至白門，寶寅始覺，丁丑，與終德戰，敗，攜其妻南陽公主及其少子帥麾下百餘騎自後門出，奔-{万俟}-丑奴。 丑奴以寶寅為太傅。
Xiao Baoyin sent his general Hou Zhongde to attack Mao Xia. Guo Zihui and others had just suffered repeated defeats by the Wei army; Zhongde, seeing their collapse, turned his troops to strike Baoyin; at White Gate Baoyin learned of the revolt too late; on dingchou he fought Zhongde, lost, and with his wife the Princess of Nanyang and his young son led a little more than a hundred horsemen out the rear gate to Moqi Chounu. Chounu appointed Baoyin Grand Tutor.
11
二月，魏以長孫稚為車騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、雍州刺史、尚書僕射、西道行台。
In the second month, Wei appointed Zhangsun Zhi Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, with an office equal to the Three Excellencies, inspector of Yong province, Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat, and commander of the western mobile staff.
12
群盜李洪攻燒鞏西闕口以東，南結諸蠻； 魏都督李神軌、武衛將軍費穆討之。 穆敗洪於闕口南，遂平之。
The rebel Li Hong raided and burned east of Gong's western pass and allied in the south with various tribal chiefs; Wei commander Li Shengui and Martial Guard general Fei Mu marched against him. Fei Mu routed Li Hong south of the pass and pacified the region.
13
葛榮擊杜洛周，殺之，並其眾。
Ge Rong attacked Du Luozhou, killed him, and absorbed his forces.
14
魏靈太后再臨朝以來，嬖倖用事，政事縱弛，威恩不立，盜賊蜂起，封疆日蹙。 魏肅宗年浸長，太后自以所為不謹，恐左右聞之於帝，凡帝所愛信者，太后輒以事去之，務為壅蔽，不使帝知外事。 通直散騎常侍昌黎谷士恢有寵於帝，使領左右； 太后屢諷之，欲用為州，士恢懷寵，不願出外，太后乃誣以罪而殺之。 有蜜多道人，能胡語，帝常置左右，太后使人殺之於城南，而詐懸賞購賊。 由是母子之間嫌隙日深。
Since Empress Dowager Hu resumed regency over Northern Wei, favorites had held sway, government had grown slack, authority had collapsed, rebels had risen everywhere, and the frontiers shrank daily. Emperor Xiaoming was growing up; the empress dowager, knowing her own conduct had been reckless, feared the court around him would tell him; whoever won the emperor's trust she removed on some pretext, walling him off so he would not learn what passed outside the palace. Gu Shihui of Changli, Regular Attendant, had won the emperor's favor and was placed in charge of the palace guard; the empress dowager repeatedly hinted she would send him to a province; Shihui, clinging to favor, refused to leave the capital, and she framed him on a charge and had him executed. There was also the monk Mituo, who spoke barbarian tongues and whom the emperor kept close; the empress dowager had him killed south of the city and posted a false bounty for the assassin. From this the rift between mother and son deepened daily.
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是時，車騎將軍、儀同三司、並、肆、汾、廣、恆、雲六州討虜大都督爾朱榮兵勢強盛，魏朝憚之。 高歡、段榮、尉景、蔡俊先在杜洛周黨中，欲圖洛周，不果，逃奔葛榮，又亡歸爾朱榮。 劉貴先在爾朱榮所，屢薦歡於榮，榮見其憔悴，未之奇也。 歡從榮之馬廄，廄有悍馬，榮命歡剪之，歡不加羈絆而剪之，竟不蹄嚙； 起，謂榮曰：「御惡人亦猶是矣。」 榮奇其言，坐歡於床下，屏左右，訪以時事。 歡曰：「聞公有馬十二谷，色別為群，畜此竟何用也？」 榮曰：「但言爾意！」 歡曰：「今天子闇弱，太后淫亂，嬖孽擅命，朝政不行。 以明公雄武，乘時奮發，討鄭儼、徐紇之罪以清帝側，霸業可舉鞭而成，此賀六渾之意也。」 榮大悅。 語自日中至夜半乃出，自是每參軍謀。
At this time Erzhu Rong—Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, with an office equal to the Three Excellencies, and grand commander for the six northern provinces Bing, Xi, Fen, Guang, Heng, and Yun—commanded a formidable army, and the Wei court stood in awe of him. Gao Huan, Duan Rong, Wei Jing, and Cai Jun had first served Du Luozhou, plotted against him without success, fled to Ge Rong, and then deserted to Erzhu Rong. Liu Gui had long been in Erzhu Rong's service and repeatedly praised Gao Huan to him; Rong saw how gaunt he was and thought little of him. Gao Huan followed Rong to the stables, where a vicious horse was kept; Rong ordered him to groom it; Huan worked without hobbling the beast, and it never kicked or bit; then he rose and said to Rong, "Controlling wicked men is the same." Rong was struck by the remark, seated Huan at the foot of his couch, dismissed his attendants, and questioned him on the times. Gao Huan said, "I hear you keep horses in twelve valleys, sorted by color into herds—what are you saving them for?" Rong said, "Speak your mind!" Gao Huan said, "The Son of Heaven is weak, the empress dowager debauched, favorites usurp authority, and the court cannot govern. With your valor, if you seize the moment, punish Zheng Yan and Xu He to purge the emperor's household, empire can be won with a flick of the whip—that is Helejin's counsel." Rong was greatly pleased. They talked from noon until midnight before Huan left; thereafter he took part in every military deliberation.
16
并州刺史元天穆，孤之五世孫也，與榮善，榮兄事之。 榮常與天穆及帳下都督賀拔岳密謀，欲舉兵入洛，內誅嬖倖，外清群盜，二人皆勸成之。
Yuan Tianmu, inspector of Bing province, was a fifth-generation descendant of the imperial clan; he was close to Erzhu Rong, who treated him as an elder brother. Rong often plotted in secret with Tianmu and his camp commander Heba Yue to march on Luoyang, kill the favorites within and pacify the rebels without; both urged him to act.
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榮上書，以「山東群盜方熾，冀、定覆沒，官軍屢敗，請遣精騎三千東援相州。」 太后疑之，報以「念生梟戮，寶寅就擒，丑奴請降，關、隴已定。 費穆大破群蠻，絳蜀漸平。 又，北海王顥帥眾二萬出鎮相州，不須出兵。」 榮復上書，以為：「賊勢雖衰，官軍屢敗，人情危怯，恐實難用。 若不更思方略，無以萬全。 臣愚以為蠕蠕主阿那瑰荷國厚恩，未應忘報，宜遣發兵東趣下口以躡其背，北海之事嚴加警備以當其前。 臣麾下雖少，輒盡力命。 自井陘以北，滏口以西，分據險要，攻其肘腋。 葛榮雖並洛周，威恩未著，人類差異，形勢可分。」 遂勒兵，召集義勇，北捍馬邑，東塞井陘。 徐紇說太后以鐵券間榮左右，榮聞而恨之。
Erzhu Rong memorialized: "Rebels east of the mountains still rage; Ji and Ding have fallen, and the imperial army has been beaten again and again—send three thousand elite horsemen east to relieve Xiang province." The empress dowager was suspicious and answered: "Moqi Niannian has been executed, Baoyin taken, Chounu has sued for surrender, and Guanlong is pacified. Fei Mu has crushed the tribal rebels, and trouble in Jiang and Shu is easing. Moreover, the Prince of Beihai, Yuan Hao, leads twenty thousand men to garrison Xiang province—no expedition is needed." Rong memorialized again: "Though rebel strength has faded, the imperial army keeps losing; hearts are timid, and I fear the troops cannot be relied on. Unless we rethink our strategy, there is no sure safety. I hold that the Rouran khan Anagui owes the state a great debt and should not forget it—he should be ordered east toward Xiakou to strike the enemy's rear, while the Beihai front is held in strict readiness. Few as my own troops are, I will spend them to the last man. From north of Jingxing to west of Fukou we shall seize the passes and strike their flanks. Though Ge Rong has absorbed Luozhou's host, his authority is not yet secure; the rebels are not one body, and their force can be split." He then mobilized his army, called up volunteers, held Mayi in the north, and sealed Jingxing in the east. Xu He persuaded the empress dowager to suborn Erzhu Rong's officers with iron tallies of amnesty; Rong learned of it and came to hate him.
18
魏肅宗亦惡儼、紇等，逼於太后，不能去。 密詔榮舉兵內向，欲以脅太后。 榮以高歡為前鋒，行至上黨，帝復以私詔止之。 儼、紇恐禍及己，陰與太后謀鴆帝。 癸丑，帝暴殂。 甲寅，太后立皇女為帝，大赦。 既而下詔稱：「潘充華本實生女，故臨洮王寶暉世子釗，體自高祖，宜膺大寶。 百官文武加二階，宿衛加三階。」 乙卯，釗即位。 釗始生三歲，太后欲久專政，故貪其幼而立之。
Emperor Xiaoming likewise hated Zheng Yan, Xu He, and their faction, but bound by the empress dowager he could not remove them. He secretly ordered Erzhu Rong to march on the capital, intending to intimidate the empress dowager. Rong made Gao Huan his vanguard; when the army reached Shangdang the emperor sent another private order to halt the march. Yan and He, fearing ruin for themselves, plotted secretly with the empress dowager to poison the emperor. On guichou the emperor died suddenly. On jiayin the empress dowager enthroned the infant princess as emperor and proclaimed a general amnesty. Then she issued an edict: "Consort Pan had in truth borne a girl; therefore Yuan Zhao, heir of Prince Bao of Lintao, descended from Gaozu, should receive the great mandate. All civil and military officials were promoted two ranks, palace guards three ranks." On yimao Zhao ascended the throne. Zhao was only three years old; the empress dowager wished to keep power for herself, and so she set him on the throne because he was still a child.
19
爾朱榮聞之，大怒，謂元天穆曰：「主上晏駕，春秋十九，海內猶謂之幼君； 況今奉未言之兒以臨天下，欲求治安，其可得乎！ 吾欲帥鐵騎赴哀山陵，剪除奸佞，更立長君，何如？」 天穆曰：「此伊、霍復見於今矣！」 乃抗表稱：「大行皇帝背棄萬方，海內咸稱鴆毒致禍。 豈有天子不豫，初不召醫，貴戚大臣皆不侍側，安得不使遠近怪愕！ 又以皇女為儲兩，虛行赦宥。 上欺天地，下惑朝野。 已乃選君於孩提之中，實使奸豎專朝，隳亂綱紀，此何異掩目捕雀，塞耳盜鐘！ 今群盜沸騰，鄰敵窺窬，而欲以未言之兒鎮安天下，不亦難乎！ 願聽臣赴闕，參預大議，問侍臣帝崩之由，訪禁衛不知之狀，以徐、鄭之徒付之司敗，雪同天之恥，謝遠近之怨，然後更擇宗親以承寶祚。」 榮從弟世隆，時為直閣，太后遣詣晉陽慰諭榮； 榮欲留之，世隆曰：「朝廷疑兄，故遣世隆來，今留世隆，使朝廷得預為之備，非計也。」 乃遣之。
When Erzhu Rong heard of this he was furious. He said to Yuan Tianmu, "Our late lord died at nineteen, and the realm still called him a young emperor; how can we expect peace when an infant who cannot yet speak is set to rule the empire? I mean to lead my armored horsemen to the imperial tombs in mourning, purge the traitors, and enthrone a grown prince. What say you?" Tianmu said, "This is Yi Yin and Huo Guang reborn in our age!" He then submitted a defiant memorial: "The late emperor has abandoned the realm, and all under Heaven say he was poisoned. When an emperor falls ill, physicians are summoned and kin and ministers attend him—how could the court do neither without shocking the realm? They passed off an imperial daughter as the heir and proclaimed a hollow amnesty. They deceive Heaven and Earth above and delude court and countryside below. Then they chose a ruler still in swaddling clothes and let wicked eunuchs run the court, shattering all order—as if one could catch sparrows with covered eyes or steal a bell with stopped ears! Bandits rise on every side and enemies watch from the borders, yet they would pacify the empire with a babe who cannot speak—is that not folly? I beg leave to march on the capital, join the great council, demand of the attendants how the emperor died, question the guards as to what they knew, deliver Xu He, Zheng Yan, and their faction to justice, wipe away this shame before Heaven, appease the wrath of the realm, and only then choose another prince of the blood to receive the throne." Rong's cousin Erzhu Shilong, then a Direct Attendant, was sent by the empress dowager to Jinyang to reassure him; Rong wished to keep him. Shilong said, "The court mistrusts you and sent me; if you detain me, the court will have time to prepare—that is no strategy." He let him go.
20
三月，癸未，葛榮陷魏滄州，執刺史薛慶之，居民死者什八九。
In the third month, on guiwei, Ge Rong captured Cangzhou in Wei, seized Inspector Xue Qingzhi, and eight or nine tenths of the inhabitants perished.
21
乙酉，魏葬孝明皇帝於定陵，廟號肅宗。
On yiyou, Wei buried Emperor Xiaoming at Dingling with the temple name Suzong.
22
爾朱榮與元天穆議，以彭城武宣王有忠勳，其子長樂王子攸，素有令望，欲立之。 又遣從子天光及親信奚毅、倉頭王相入洛，與爾朱世隆密議。 天光見子攸，具論榮心，子攸許之。 天光等還晉陽，榮猶疑之，乃以銅為顯祖諸子孫各鑄像，唯長樂王像成。 榮乃起兵發晉陽，世隆逃出，會榮於上黨。 靈太后聞之，甚懼，悉召王公等入議，宗室大臣皆疾太后所為，莫肯致言。 徐紇獨曰：「爾朱榮小胡，敢稱兵向闕，文武宿衛足以制之。 但守險要以逸待勞，彼懸軍千里，士馬疲弊，破之必矣。」 太后以為然，以黃門侍郎李神軌為大都督，帥眾拒之，別將鄭季明、鄭先護將兵守河橋，武衛將軍費穆屯小平津。 先護，儼之從祖兄弟也。
Erzhu Rong and Yuan Tianmu agreed that the Martial Prince of Pengcheng had served the dynasty faithfully and that his son Yuan You, Prince of Changle, enjoyed wide esteem—they resolved to enthrone him. They also sent Rong's nephew Erzhu Tianguang and trusted agents Xi Yi and the steward Wang Xiang to Luoyang for secret talks with Erzhu Shilong. Tianguang met Prince You, laid out Rong's design in full, and the prince agreed. When Tianguang returned to Jinyang, Rong still wavered; he had bronze images cast for each descendant of the founding house, and only Prince You's image succeeded. Rong then marched from Jinyang; Shilong slipped out of the capital and joined him at Shangdang. Empress Dowager Hu heard and was terrified; she summoned the princes and nobles to council, but the clan and great ministers, loathing her conduct, would not speak. Only Xu He said, "Erzhu Rong is a petty barbarian who dares march on the capital; the veteran guards of court and camp are enough to crush him. Hold the strategic passes and meet his exhausted force with rested troops; his army has marched a thousand li, men and horses are spent—he must be broken." The empress dowager agreed, appointed Palace Attendant Li Shengui grand commander to resist him, detached Zheng Jiming and Zheng Xianhu to hold Heqiao, and posted Martial Guard general Fei Mu at Xiaoping Ford. Xianhu was a cousin of Zheng Yan.
23
榮至河內，復遣王相密至洛，迎長樂王子攸。 夏，四月，丙申，子攸與兄彭城王劭、弟霸城公子正潛自高渚渡河，丁酉，會榮於河陽，將士咸稱萬歲。 戊戌，濟河，子攸即帝位，以勳為無上王，子正為始平王； 以榮為侍中、都督中外諸軍事、大將軍、尚書令、領軍將軍、領左右，封太原王。
When Rong reached Henei he again sent Wang Xiang secretly to Luoyang to bring out Prince You of Changle. In summer, the fourth month, on bingshen, Prince You with his elder brother Shao, Prince of Pengcheng, and his younger brother Zizheng, Prince of Bacheng, stole across the river from Gaozhu; on dingyou they met Rong at Heyang, and the host shouted ten thousand years. On wuxu they crossed the river; Prince You took the throne, made Shao Prince of Supreme Honor, and Zizheng Prince of Beginning Peace; and appointed Rong Palace Attendant, commander of all military affairs within and without, Grand General, Director of the Imperial Secretariat, army supervisor, and commander of the left and right guards, enfeoffing him as Prince of Taiyuan.
24
鄭先護素與敬宗善，聞帝即位，與鄭季明開城納之。 李神軌至河橋，聞北中不守，即遁還； 費穆棄眾先降於榮。 徐紇矯詔夜開殿門，取驊騮廄御馬十匹，東奔兗州，鄭儼亦走還鄉里。 太后盡召肅宗後宮，皆令出家，太后亦自落髮。 榮召百官迎車駕，己亥，百官奉璽綬，備法駕，迎敬宗於河橋。 庚子，榮遣騎執太后及幼主，送至河陰。 太后對榮多所陳說，榮拂衣而起，沉太后及幼主於河。
Zheng Xianhu had long been close to Yuan You; when he heard the new emperor had been enthroned, he and Zheng Jiming opened the city gates. Li Shengui reached Heqiao, learned the northern crossing was lost, and fled; Fei Mu deserted his troops and was the first to surrender to Rong. Xu He forged an edict, opened the palace gates by night, took ten horses from the imperial stud, and fled east to Yanzhou; Zheng Yan fled to his home district. The empress dowager summoned every woman of Xiaoming's harem and ordered them into religion; she shaved her own head as well. Rong called the officials to welcome the emperor; on jihai they presented the seal and cord with full imperial pomp and received Emperor Xiaozhuang at Heqiao. On gengzi, Rong sent horsemen to seize the empress dowager and the child emperor and take them to Heyin. The empress dowager pleaded at length; Rong brushed his robe aside, rose, and had her and the child emperor drowned in the river.
25
費穆密說榮曰：「公士馬不出萬人，今長驅向洛，前無橫陳，既無戰勝之威，群情素不厭服。 以京師之眾，百官之盛，知公虛實，有輕侮之心。 若不大行誅罰，更樹親黨，恐公還北之日，未度太行而內變作矣。」 榮心然之，謂所親慕容紹宗曰：「洛中人士繁盛，驕侈成俗，不加芟剪，終難制馭。 吾欲因百官出迎，悉誅之，何如？」 紹宗曰：「太后荒淫失道，嬖倖弄權，淆亂四海，故明公興義兵以清朝廷。 今無故殲夷多士，不分忠佞，恐大失天下之望，非長策也。」 榮不聽，乃請帝循河西至淘渚，引百官於行宮西北，雲欲祭天。 百官既集，列胡騎圍之，責以天下喪亂，肅宗暴崩，皆由朝臣貪虐，不能匡弼。 因縱兵殺之，自丞相高陽王雍、司空元欽、儀同三司義陽王略以下，死者二千餘人。 前黃門郎王遵業兄弟居父喪，其母，敬宗之從母也，相帥出迎，俱死。 遵業，慧龍之孫也，俊爽涉學，時人惜其才而譏其躁。 有朝士百餘人後至，榮復以胡騎圍之，令曰：「有能為禪文者免死。」 侍御史趙元則出應募，遂使為之。 榮又令其軍士言：「元氏既滅，爾朱氏興。」 皆稱萬歲。 榮又遣數十人拔刀向行宮，帝與無上王劭、始平王子正俱出帳外。 榮先遣并州人郭羅剎、西部高車叱列殺鬼侍帝側，詐言防衛，抱帝入帳，餘人即殺劭及子正，又遣數十人遷帝於河橋，置之幕下。
Fei Mu whispered to Rong, "You have fewer than ten thousand men and have marched straight on Luoyang without a battle won; you lack the awe of victory, and the realm has never accepted you. The capital is crowded, the bureaucracy vast—they know your strength and despise you. Unless you strike down many and build a new faction of your own, I fear that before you cross the Taihang on your way north, revolt will break out behind you." Rong agreed and said to his confidant Murong Shaozong, "Luoyang is crowded with proud, extravagant men; unless they are cut down, you will never control them. I mean to kill them all when they come out to welcome us—what say you?" Shaozong said, "The empress dowager debauched herself and lost the Way; favorites seized power and threw the realm into chaos—that is why you raised righteous arms to cleanse the court. To slaughter the bureaucracy without distinguishing loyal from traitor will cost you the hope of the realm—that is no lasting policy." Rong would not listen. He asked the emperor to follow the river west to Taozhu, gathered the officials northwest of the traveling palace, and said he would sacrifice to Heaven. When the officials had gathered, he surrounded them with barbarian horsemen, accused them of bringing the realm to ruin and of Xiaoming's violent death through their greed and cruelty and failure to support the throne. Then he loosed his troops upon them. From Chancellor Wang Yong, Prince of Gaoyang, Minister of Works Yuan Qin, and Director of the Three Offices with Equal Standing Wang Lue, Prince of Yiyang, downward, more than two thousand perished. Former Palace Attendant Wang Zunye and his brothers were in mourning for their father; their mother was a cousin of the emperor's mother, and they went out together to welcome him—all were killed. Zunye was the grandson of Wang Huilong, handsome, quick-witted, and learned; contemporaries mourned his talent and blamed his rashness. More than a hundred officials who came later were again surrounded; he proclaimed, "Whoever can draft an abdication edict shall live." Attendant Censor Zhao Yuanze came forward, and Rong made him write it. Rong also ordered his soldiers to cry, "The house of Yuan is ended; the house of Erzhu rises." All shouted ten thousand years. Rong also sent several dozen men with drawn swords toward the traveling palace; the emperor with Shao, Prince of Supreme Honor, and Zizheng, Prince of Beginning Peace, all came out of the tent. Rong had already sent the Bingzhou man Guo Luosha and the western Gaoche Chilie to kill the emperor's attendants on the pretext of guarding him; they seized the emperor and pulled him into the tent while the others killed Shao and Zizheng; then he sent more men to move the emperor to Heqiao and confine him under a tent.
26
帝憂憤無計，使人諭旨於榮曰：「帝王迭興，盛衰無常。 今四方瓦解，將軍奮袂而起，所向無前，此乃天意，非人力也。 我本相投，志在全生，豈敢妄希天位！ 將軍見逼，以至於此。 若天命有歸，將軍宜時正尊號； 若推而不居，存魏社稷，亦當更擇親賢而輔之。」 時都督高歡勸榮稱帝，左右多同之，榮疑未決。 賀拔岳進曰：「將軍首舉義兵，志除奸逆，大勳未立，遽有此謀，正可速禍，未見其福。」 榮乃自鑄金為像，凡四鑄，不成。 功曹參軍燕郡劉靈助善卜筮，榮信之，靈助言天時人事未可。 榮曰：「若我不吉，當迎天穆立之。」 靈助曰：「天穆亦不吉，唯長樂王有天命耳。」 榮亦精神恍惚，不自支持。 久而方寤，深自愧悔曰：「過誤若是，唯當以死謝朝廷。」 賀拔岳請殺高歡以謝天下，左右皆曰：「歡雖復愚疏，言不思難，今四方多事，須藉武將，請捨之，收其後效。」 榮乃止。 夜四更，復迎帝還榮，榮望馬首叩頭請死。
The emperor, desperate and without counsel, sent word to Rong: "Dynasties rise and fall; fortune has no fixed course. The realm lies in ruins and you have risen with unstoppable force—this is Heaven's will, not man's. I came to you only to save my life; I never dared dream of the throne! You forced me to this pass. If Heaven has chosen you, take the throne at once; if you refuse it and would preserve Wei's altars, choose another worthy prince of the blood to rule." At that time Commander Gao Huan urged Rong to take the throne; most of his followers agreed, but Rong hesitated. Heba Yue stepped forward and said, "You raised righteous arms to purge traitors; your great work is not yet done. To plot the throne now will bring swift disaster, not fortune." Rong then cast a golden image of himself four times, and each time it failed. Staff Officer Liu Lingzhu of Yan commandery was skilled in divination; Rong trusted him, and Lingzhu said Heaven and the times were not yet ripe. Rong said, "If the omen is against me, I should enthrone Tianmu instead." Lingzhu said, "Tianmu is unlucky as well; only the Prince of Changle bears Heaven's mandate." Rong's mind grew clouded; he could scarcely stand. At length he came to himself and said in deep shame, "A crime like this can only be expiated with my life before the throne." Heba Yue asked to execute Gao Huan to appease the realm; his attendants said, "Gao Huan is rash and his words reckless, but the realm is still in turmoil and we need fighting men—spare him and wait for his service." Rong desisted. At the fourth watch he brought the emperor back to camp; Rong bowed to the ground before his horse and begged to die.
27
榮所從胡騎殺朝士既多，不敢入洛城，即欲向北為遷都之計。 榮狐疑甚久，武衛將軍汎禮固諫。 辛丑，榮奉帝入城。 帝御太極殿，下詔大赦，改元建義。 從太原王將士，普加五階，在京文官二階，武官三階，百姓復租役三年。 時百官蕩盡，存者皆竄匿不出，唯散騎常侍山偉一人拜赦於闕下。 洛中士民草草，人懷異慮，或雲榮欲縱兵大掠，或雲欲遷都晉陽。 富者棄宅，貧者襁負，率皆逃竄，什不存一二，直衛空虛，官守曠廢。 榮乃上書，稱：「大兵交際，難可齊壹，諸王朝貴，橫死者眾，臣今粉軀不足塞咎，乞追贈亡者，微申私責。 無上王請追尊為無上皇帝，自餘死於河陰者，諸王贈三司，三品贈令、僕，五品贈刺史，七品已下及白民贈郡、鎮； 死者無後聽繼，即授封爵。 又遣使者循城勞問。」 詔從之。 於是朝士稍出，人心粗安。 封無上王之子韶為彭城王。
Rong's barbarian horsemen had slaughtered so many officials that they dared not enter Luoyang and wished to march north and move the capital. Rong wavered for a long time until Martial Guard general Fan Li remonstrated firmly. On xinchou, Rong escorted the emperor into the city. The emperor took the throne in the Hall of Supreme Ultimate, proclaimed a general amnesty, and changed the era name to Jianyi. Soldiers who had followed the Prince of Taiyuan were promoted five ranks; civil officials in the capital two ranks, military three; commoners were exempted from rent and corvée for three years. The bureaucracy had been annihilated; survivors hid and would not appear—only Regular Attendant Shan Wei came alone to the palace gate to receive the amnesty. Luoyang was in uproar; men whispered that Rong would unleash his troops to plunder the city, or that he would move the capital to Jinyang. The rich abandoned their houses, the poor fled with infants on their backs; scarcely one household in ten remained; the palace guard stood empty and government offices were deserted. Rong memorialized: "In the clash of armies discipline breaks down; many princes and nobles died by mischance. My life is not enough to atone; I beg posthumous honors for the dead as a small reparation. Prince Shao of Supreme Honor should be posthumously honored as emperor; the rest slain at Heyin—princes as the Three Excellencies, third rank as directors and vice directors, fifth rank as regional inspectors, seventh rank and below and commoners as commandery and garrison posts; the heirless dead might have successors appointed who would immediately receive rank and fief. He also sent envoys through the city to offer consolation." The edict granted his request. Court officials gradually emerged, and the city grew somewhat calmer. He enfeoffed Shao, son of the Prince of Supreme Honor, as Prince of Pengcheng.
28
榮猶執遷都之議，帝亦不能違。 都官尚書元諶爭之，以為不可，榮怒曰：「何關君事，而固執也！ 且河陰之役，君應知之。」 諶曰：「天下事當與天下論之，奈何以河陰之酷而恐元諶！ 諶，國之宗室，位居常伯，生既無益，死復何損！ 正使今日碎首流腸，亦無所懼！」 榮大怒，欲抵諶罪，爾朱世隆固諫，乃止。 見者莫不震悚，諶顏色自若。 後數日，帝與榮登高，見宮闕壯麗，列樹成行，乃歎曰：「臣昨愚闇，有北遷之意，今見皇居之盛，熟思元尚書言，深不可奪。」 由是罷遷都之議。 諶，謐之兄也。
Rong still pressed to move the capital, and the emperor could not refuse. Director of the Imperial Clan Yuan Chen argued that it must not be done; Rong snapped, "What is it to you that you are so stubborn? You ought to remember Heyin." Chen said, "The affairs of the empire must be debated with the empire—do you think the slaughter at Heyin can frighten Yuan Chen? I am of the imperial clan and hold high office; alive I have done little good, dead I can do no harm! Even if you dash my brains out today, I do not fear!" Rong was furious and would have punished him, but Erzhu Shilong remonstrated firmly and he desisted. Witnesses trembled; Chen's face did not change. Days later the emperor and Rong climbed a height, saw the palace halls in their splendor and trees aligned in rows, and Rong sighed, "I was blind yesterday to think of moving north; seeing the majesty of the capital and weighing Director Yuan's words, that plan cannot stand." The plan to move the capital was abandoned. Chen was the elder brother of Yuan Yi.
29
癸卯，以江陽王繼為太師，北海王顥為太傅； 光祿大夫李延寔為太保，賜爵濮陽王； 并州刺史元天穆為太尉，賜爵上黨王； 前侍中楊椿為司徒； 車騎大將軍穆紹為司空，領尚書令，進爵頓丘王； 雍州刺史長孫稚為驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，賜爵馮翊王； 殿中尚書元諶為尚書右僕射，賜爵魏郡王； 金紫光祿大夫廣陵王恭加儀同三司； 其餘起家暴貴者，不可勝數。 延寔，沖之子也，以帝舅故得超拜。
On guimao, Prince Ji of Jiangyang was appointed Grand Preceptor and Prince Hao of Beihai Grand Tutor; Director of the Imperial Clan Li Yanshi was made Grand Guardian and enfeoffed as Prince of Puyang; Bingzhou inspector Yuan Tianmu was made Grand Commandant and enfeoffed as Prince of Shangdang; former Attendant-in-Ordinary Yang Chun was made Minister over the Masses; General of Chariots and Cavalry Mu Shao was made Minister of Works, concurrently Director of the Department of State Affairs, and advanced to Prince of Dunqiu; Yongzhou inspector Zhangsun Zhi was made General of Agile Cavalry with an office equal to the Three Excellencies and enfeoffed as Prince of Fengyi; Palace Attendant Yuan Chen was made Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs and enfeoffed as Prince of Wei commandery; Grandee of Splendid Happiness Prince Gong of Guangling was given an office equal to the Three Excellencies; Countless others who had been obscure men were suddenly raised to high rank. Yanshi was the son of Li Chong; as the emperor's uncle by marriage he had been promoted far above his station.
30
徐紇弟獻伯為北海太守，季產為青州長史，紇使人告之，皆將家屬逃去，與紇俱奔泰山。 鄭儼與從兄滎陽太守仲明謀據郡起兵，為部下所殺。
Xu He's younger brother Xianbo was prefect of Beihai and Jichan was chief clerk of Qingzhou; He sent word to them, and they fled with their households to join him on Mount Tai. Zheng Yan and his cousin Zhongming, prefect of Xingyang, plotted to seize the commandery and rebel, but their own officers killed them.
31
丁未，詔內外解嚴。
On dingwei, an edict lifted martial law throughout the realm.
32
魏郢州刺史元顯達請降，詔郢州刺史元樹迎之，夏侯夔亦自楚城往會之，遂留鎮焉。 改魏郢州為北司州，以夔為刺史，兼督司州。 夔進攻毛城，逼新蔡； 豫州刺史夏侯但圍南頓，攻陳項； 魏行台源子恭拒之。
Yuan Xianda, inspector of Yingzhou in Wei, offered to surrender; the court ordered Yuan Shu, inspector of Yingzhou in Liang, to receive him, and Xiahou Kui went from Chucheng to join them and remained as garrison commander. Wei's Yingzhou was redesignated Northern Sizhou, with Kui as inspector and concurrent supervisor of Sizhou. Kui advanced against Maocheng and pressed Xincai; Yuzhou inspector Xiahou Dan besieged Nandun and attacked Chen and Xiang; Yuan Zigong, commander of the Wei mobile staff, resisted them.
33
庚戌，魏賜爾朱榮子義羅爵梁郡王。
On gengxu, Wei enfeoffed Erzhu Rong's son Yiluo as Prince of Liang commandery.
34
柔然頭兵可汗數入貢於魏，魏詔頭兵贊拜不名，上書不稱臣。
The Rouran khan Toubing sent tribute to Wei several times; Wei decreed that in audience he need not be named and in memorials he need not call himself subject.
35
魏汝南王悅及東道行台臨淮王彧聞河陰之亂，皆來奔。 先是，魏人降者皆稱魏官為偽，彧表啟獨稱魏臨淮王； 上亦體其雅素，不之責。 魏北海王顥將之相州，至汲郡，聞葛榮南侵及爾朱榮縱暴，陰為自安之計，盤桓不進； 以其舅殷州刺史范遵行相州事，代前刺史李神守鄴。 行台甄密知顥有異志，相帥廢遵，復推李神攝州事，遣兵迎顥，且察其變。 顥聞之，帥左右來奔。 密，琛之從父弟也。 北青州刺史元世俊、南荊州刺史李志皆舉州來降。
Prince Yue of Runan and Prince Yu of Huaiyang, Eastern-Circuit mobile-staff commander of Wei, hearing of the slaughter at Heyin, both fled to Liang. Until then Wei defectors had called Wei offices illegitimate; Yu alone in his memorials styled himself Prince of Huaiyang of Wei; the emperor respected his refined integrity and did not reprove him. Prince Hao of Beihai was marching to Xiangzhou; at Ji commandery he heard that Ge Rong was raiding south and Erzhu Rong was running wild, and secretly planned for his own safety, lingering without advancing; he left his maternal uncle Fan Zun, inspector of Yinzhou, to manage Xiangzhou while the former inspector Li Shen held Ye. Mobile-staff commander Zhen Mi perceived Hao's disloyalty; he and others deposed Zun, restored Li Shen to provisional charge of the province, sent troops to meet Hao, and watched for any move. When Hao heard of this he fled with his close attendants. Mi was a cousin of Zhen Chen. Yuan Shijun, inspector of Northern Qingzhou, and Li Zhi, inspector of Southern Jingzhou, both surrendered their provinces to Liang.
36
五月，丁巳朔，魏加爾朱榮北道大行台。 以尚書右僕射元羅為東道大使，光祿勳元欣副之，巡方黜陟，先行後聞。 欣，羽之子也。
In the fifth month, on the month's dingsi new moon, Wei added Erzhu Rong as Northern-Circuit Grand Mobile-Staff Commander. Right Vice Director Yuan Luo was made Eastern-Circuit commissioner, with Director of the Imperial Clan Yuan Xin as deputy, to tour the regions for promotions and demotions, acting first and reporting afterward. Xin was the son of Yuan Yu.
37
爾朱榮入見魏主於明光殿，重謝河橋之事，誓言無復貳心。 帝自起止之，因復為榮誓，言無疑心。 榮喜，因求酒飲之，熟醉； 帝欲誅之，左右苦諫，乃止，即以床輿向中常侍省。 榮夜半方寤，遂達旦不眠，自此不復禁中宿矣。
Erzhu Rong entered to see the Wei emperor at Bright Light Hall, apologized again for Heyin, and swore he would never again waver in loyalty. The emperor rose to restrain him and in turn swore he harbored no suspicion. Rong was pleased, asked for wine, and drank himself into a stupor; the emperor wished to kill him, but attendants remonstrated bitterly and he desisted, and had Rong carried on a couch to the eunuchs' quarters. Rong did not wake until midnight; from then on he never again lodged within the palace.
38
榮女先為肅宗嬪，榮欲敬宗立以為後，帝疑未決，給事黃門侍郎祖瑩曰：「昔文公在秦，懷嬴入侍； 事有反經合義，陛下獨何疑焉！」 帝遂從之，榮意甚悅。 榮舉止輕脫，喜馳射，每入朝見，更無所為，唯戲上下馬； 於西林園宴射，恆請皇后出觀，並召王公、妃主共在一堂。 每見天子射中，輒自起舞叫，將相卿士悉皆盤旋，乃至妃主亦不免隨之舉袂。 及酒酣耳熱，必自匡坐唱虜歌； 日暮罷歸，與左右連手蹋地唱《回波樂》而出。 性甚嚴暴，喜慍無恆，刀槊弓矢，不離於手，每有瞋嫌，即行擊射，左右恆有死憂。 嘗見沙彌重騎一馬，榮即令相觸，力窮不復能動，遂使旁人以頭相擊，死而後已。
Rong's daughter had been a consort of Emperor Xiaoming; Rong wished Emperor Jingzong enthroned and to make her empress; the emperor hesitated; Attendant Zu Ying said, "Long ago Duke Wen of Jin was in Qin and Huai Ying entered to serve him; there are times when affairs run counter to the norm yet accord with righteousness—why should Your Majesty alone hesitate?" The emperor followed this, and Rong was greatly pleased. Rong's conduct was frivolous; he loved galloping and archery; at each court audience he did nothing but play at mounting and dismounting; at shooting banquets in the Western Grove Garden he always asked the empress to come out and watch, and summoned princes, dukes, consorts, and princesses to sit together in one hall. Whenever the emperor hit the target, he would leap up dancing and shouting; generals, ministers, and scholars all whirled about, and even consorts and princesses lifted their sleeves and joined in. When the wine had warmed him, he would rise from his seat and sing barbarian songs; at dusk he would leave, join hands with his attendants, stamp the ground, and sing "Waves Returning" as they went out. By nature he was savage and violent, his moods without constancy; blades, spears, bows, and arrows never left his hand; at the least resentment he would strike or shoot, and those around him lived in constant fear of death. Once he saw a monk heavily mounted on one horse; Rong ordered them to charge each other; when both were exhausted and could not move, he had bystanders butt their heads together until they died, and only then stopped.
39
辛酉，榮還晉陽，帝餞之於邙陰。 榮令元天穆入洛陽，加天穆侍中、錄尚書事、京畿大都督兼領軍將軍，以行台郎中桑干朱瑞為黃門侍郎兼中書舍人，朝廷要官，悉用其腹心為之。
On xinyou, Rong returned to Jinyang; the emperor saw him off on the northern slope of Mount Mang. Rong sent Yuan Tianmu into Luoyang, made him Attendant-in-Ordinary, Recorder of the Department of State Affairs, Metropolitan Commander of the Capital District, and concurrently General of the Palace Garrison, and appointed mobile-staff gentleman Zhu Rui of Sanggan as Attendant of Scattered Retinues and concurrently Secretariat drafter; every important post at court was filled with his own men.
40
丙寅，魏主詔：「孝昌以來，凡有冤抑無訴者，悉集華林東門，當親理之。」 時承喪亂之後，倉廩虛竭，始詔「入粟八千石者賜爵散侯，白民輸五百石者賜出身，沙門授本州統及郡縣維那。」
On bingyin, the Wei emperor issued an edict: "Since the Xiaochang era, all who have suffered injustice without redress shall assemble at the east gate of Hualin, and I shall judge them in person." In the wake of rebellion the granaries stood empty; the court first decreed that contributors of eight thousand piculs of grain should be enfeoffed as Marquis Who Spreads Goodness, commoners who gave five hundred piculs should receive the first rank of office, and monks should be granted headship of their native province and of commandery and county Buddhist associations."
41
爾朱榮之趣洛也，遣其都督樊子鵠取唐州，唐州刺史崔元珍、行台酈惲拒守不從。 乙亥，子鵠拔平陽，斬元珍及惲。 元珍，挺之從父弟也。
When Erzhu Rong marched on Luoyang he sent his commander Fan Zihu to take Tangzhou; Inspector Cui Yuanzhen and mobile-staff commander Li Yun defended the city and refused to submit. On yihai, Zihu captured Pingyang and beheaded Yuanzhen and Yun. Yuanzhen was a cousin of Cui Ting.
42
將軍曹義宗圍魏荊州，堰水灌城，不沒者數板。 時魏方多難，不能救，城中糧盡，刺史王羆煮粥，與將士均分食之。 每出戰，不擐甲冑，仰天大呼曰：「荊州城，孝文皇帝所置，天若不祐國家，令箭中王羆額； 不爾，王羆必當破賊！」 彌歷三年，前後搏戰甚眾，亦不被傷。 癸未，魏以中軍將軍費穆都督南征諸軍事，將兵救之。
General Cao Yizong besieged Jingzhou in Wei, dammed the waters to flood the city, and only a few courses of wall stood above the flood. Wei was beset by troubles and could not relieve the city; when grain ran out, Inspector Wang Pi cooked gruel and shared it equally with his officers and men. Each time he fought he wore no armor or helmet, but shouted to Heaven: "Jingzhou was founded by Emperor Xiaowen; if Heaven will not protect the dynasty, let the arrow strike Wang Pi in the brow; if not, Wang Pi will surely break the enemy!" For three years they fought battle after battle, yet he was never wounded. On guiwei, Wei appointed Central Army general Fei Mu commander of the southern campaign and sent troops to relieve the city.
43
魏臨淮王彧聞魏主定位，乃以母老求還，辭情懇至。 上惜其才而不能違，六月，丁亥，遣彧還。 魏以彧為侍中、驃騎大將軍，加儀同三司。
Prince Yu of Huaiyang, hearing that the Wei emperor had been enthroned, begged to return because his mother was old; his plea was most earnest. The Liang emperor prized his talent and could not refuse; in the sixth month, on dinghai, he sent Yu back. Wei made Yu Attendant-in-Ordinary and General of Agile Cavalry and gave him an office equal to the Three Excellencies.
44
魏員外散騎常侍高乾，祐之從子也，與弟敖曹、季式皆喜輕俠，與魏主有舊。 爾朱榮之向洛也，逃奔齊州，聞河陰之亂，遂集流民起兵於河、濟之間，受葛榮官爵，頻破州軍。 魏主使元欣諭旨，乾等乃降。 以乾為給事黃門侍郎兼武衛將軍，敖曹為通直散騎侍郎。 榮以乾兄弟前為叛亂，不應復居近要，魏主乃聽解官歸鄉里。 敖曹復行抄掠，榮誘執之，與薛修義同拘於晉陽。 敖曹名昂，以字行。
Wei supernumerary Palace Attendant Gao Gan was a nephew of Gao You; he and his younger brothers Aocao and Jishi all loved reckless gallantry and had old ties with the Wei emperor. When Erzhu Rong marched on Luoyang he fled to Qizhou; hearing of Heyin he gathered refugees and raised troops between the Yellow River and the Ji, accepted rank from Ge Rong, and repeatedly defeated provincial armies. The Wei emperor sent Yuan Xin with the imperial message, and Gan and his brothers surrendered. Gan was made Attendant of Scattered Retinues and concurrently Martial Guard general, and Aocao Regular Palace Attendant. Rong argued that the Gao brothers, having rebelled before, should not again hold posts near the throne; the Wei emperor let them resign and return home. Aocao took to raiding again; Rong lured him in and seized him, and held him at Jinyang together with Xue Xiuyi. Aocao's given name was Ang; he was known by his courtesy name.
45
葛榮軍乏食，遣其僕射任褒將軍南掠至沁水。 魏以元天穆為大都督東北道諸軍事，帥宗正珍孫等討之。 前幽州平北府主簿河間邢杲帥河北流民十萬餘戶反於青州之北海，自稱漢王，改元天統。 戊申，魏以征東將軍李叔仁為車騎大將軍、儀同三司，帥眾討之。 辛亥，魏主詔曰：「朕當親御六戎，掃靜燕、代。」 以大將軍爾朱榮為左軍，上黨王穆為前國，司徒楊椿為右軍，司空穆紹為後軍。 葛榮退屯相州之北。 秋，七月，乙丑，魏加爾朱榮柱國大將軍、錄尚書事。
Ge Rong's army lacked food; he sent his vice director Ren Bao south to plunder as far as Qinshui. Wei made Yuan Tianmu grand commander of Northeastern-Circuit military affairs and sent Director of the Imperial Clan Zhen Sun and others against him. Xing Shuo of Hejian, former chief clerk of the Pingbei office in Youzhou, led more than a hundred thousand refugee households in revolt at Beihai in Qingzhou, styled himself King of Han, and changed the era name to Tiantong. On wushen, Wei made Eastern Campaign general Li Shuren General of Chariots and Cavalry with an office equal to the Three Excellencies and sent him against Xing Shuo. On xinhai, the Wei emperor issued an edict: "I shall personally lead the six armies and pacify Yan and Dai." He made Grand General Erzhu Rong the left wing, Prince of Shangdang Mu the vanguard, Minister over the Masses Yang Chun the right wing, and Minister of Works Mu Shao the rear guard. Ge Rong withdrew and encamped north of Xiangzhou. In autumn, the seventh month, on yichou, Wei added Erzhu Rong as Pillar of State, Grand General, and Recorder of the Department of State Affairs.
46
壬子，魏光州民劉舉聚眾反於濮陽，自稱皇武大將軍。
On renzi, the people of Guang province in Wei, Liu Ju, rose at Puyang and styled himself Grand General of August Martiality.
47
是月，-{万俟}-丑奴自稱天子，置百官。 會波斯國獻師子於魏，丑奴留之，改元神獸。
That month, Wanqi Chounu styled himself Son of Heaven and established the full bureaucracy. Persia had just presented a lion to Wei; Chounu kept the gift and changed his era name to Divine Beast.
48
魏泰山太守羊侃，以其祖規嘗為宋高祖祭酒從事，常有南歸之志。 徐紇往依之，因勸侃起兵，侃從之。 兗州刺史羊敦，侃之從兄也，密知之，據州拒侃。 八月，侃引兵襲敦，弗克，築十餘城守之，且遣使來降； 詔廣晉縣侯泰山羊鴉仁等將兵應接。 魏以侃為驃騎大將軍、泰山公、兗州刺史，侃斬其使者不受。
Yang Kan, prefect of Taishan in Wei, whose grandfather Gui had once served as libationer under Emperor Wu of Song, long harbored the wish to return south. Xu He came to him for refuge and urged him to rebel; Kan agreed. Yanzhou inspector Yang Dun, Kan's cousin, learned of the plot in secret and held the province against him. In the eighth month Kan attacked Dun but could not take him; he built more than ten fortified camps and sent envoys to surrender to Liang; the court ordered Marquis Yaren of Guangjin and others to lead troops to his aid. Wei made Kan General of Agile Cavalry, Duke of Taishan, and inspector of Yanzhou; Kan beheaded their envoys and refused.
49
將軍王弁侵魏徐州，蕃郡民續靈珍擁眾萬人攻蕃城以應梁； 魏徐州刺史楊昱擊靈珍，斬之，弁引還。
General Wang Bian invaded Xuzhou in Wei; Xu Lingzhen of Fan commandery gathered ten thousand men and attacked Fancheng in support of Liang; Yang Yu, inspector of Xuzhou in Wei, attacked Lingzhen, beheaded him, and Bian withdrew.
50
甲辰，魏大都督宗正珍孫擊舉於濮陽，滅之。
On jiachen, Wei Grand Commander Zhen Sun attacked Liu Ju at Puyang and destroyed him.
51
葛榮引兵圍鄴，眾號百萬，遊兵已過汲郡，所至殘掠，爾朱榮啟求討之。 九月，爾朱榮召從子肆州刺史天光留鎮晉陽，曰：「我身不得至處，非汝無以稱我心。」 自帥精騎七千，馬皆有副，倍道兼行。 東出滏口，以侯景為前驅。 葛榮為盜日久，橫行河北，爾朱榮眾寡非敵，議者謂無取勝之理。 葛榮聞之，喜見於色，令其眾曰：「此易與耳，諸人俱辦長繩，至則縛取。」 自鄴以北，列陳數十里，箕張而進。 爾朱榮潛軍山谷，為奇兵，分督將已上三人為一處，處有數百騎，令所在揚塵鼓噪，使賊不測多少。 又以人馬逼戰，刀不如棒，勒軍士繼袖棒一枚，置於馬側，至戰時慮廢騰逐，不聽斬級，以棒棒之而已。 分命壯勇所向衝突，號令嚴明，戰士同奮。 爾朱榮身自陷陳，出於賊後，表裡合擊，大破之。 於陳擒葛榮，餘眾悉降。 以賊徒既眾，若即分割，恐其疑懼，或更結聚，乃下令各從所樂，親屬相隨，任所居止。 於是群情大喜，登即四散，數十萬眾一朝散盡。 待出百里之外，乃始分道押領，隨便安置，鹹得其宜。 擢其渠帥，量才授任，新附者鹹安，時人服其處分機速。 以檻車送葛榮赴洛，冀、定、滄、瀛、殷五州皆平。 時上黨王天穆軍於朝歌之南，穆紹、楊椿猶未發，而葛榮已滅，乃皆罷兵。
Ge Rong led his army to besiege Ye; his force was said to number a million; raiding parties had already passed Ji commandery, ravaging wherever they went; Erzhu Rong memorialized asking leave to campaign against him. In the ninth month Erzhu Rong summoned his nephew Tianguang, inspector of Sizhou, to garrison Jinyang, saying, "Where I cannot go in person, none but you can do what I wish." He himself led seven thousand picked horsemen, each with a spare mount, and marched day and night. He marched east out of Fukou with Hou Jing as vanguard. Ge Rong had long been a bandit lord across Hebei; Erzhu Rong was vastly outnumbered; court opinion held he could not win. When Ge Rong heard this, joy showed on his face; he told his men, "This will be easy—everyone prepare long ropes; when they come, bind them and take them." From Ye northward they drew up battle lines for tens of li, fanning out as they advanced. Erzhu Rong hid troops in a valley as a surprise force; he grouped supervising generals and above in threes, several hundred horsemen to each group, and ordered them to raise dust and clamor everywhere so the rebels could not tell how many he had. In close fighting, he held, blades were inferior to clubs; he ordered every soldier to tie a club to his sleeve and keep it at his saddle; at the clash he feared pursuit and head-taking would break the charge, and forbade decapitation—only clubbing. He sent his strongest men charging wherever the line gave way; discipline was iron; every soldier fought as one. Erzhu Rong charged in person, circled behind the enemy, and struck from both sides; the rebel host was shattered. He captured Ge Rong on the field; the rest surrendered en masse. The captives were so numerous that immediate dispersal might alarm them into regrouping; he therefore decreed that each man might go where he pleased, kin with kin, and settle as he chose. The captives were overjoyed and at once scattered; several hundred thousand melted away in one morning. Only after they had gone a hundred li did he escort them by detachments and resettle them; every man found a fitting place. He promoted rebel leaders and gave each office suited to his gifts; the new subjects were pacified; men marveled at how swiftly he had settled the matter. Ge Rong was sent to Luoyang in a prisoner cart; Ji, Ding, Cang, Ying, and Yin were all pacified. Prince Tianmu of Shangdang was encamped south of Chaoge; Mu Shao and Yang Chun had not yet set out—but Ge Rong was already destroyed, and all stood down.
52
初，宇文肱從鮮于修禮攻定州，戰死於唐河。 其子泰在修禮軍中，修禮死，從葛榮； 葛榮敗，爾朱榮愛泰之才，以為統軍。
Earlier, Yuwen Gong had followed Xianyu Xiuli against Dingzhou and was killed on the Tang River. His son Tai served in Xiuli's army; when Xiuli fell he joined Ge Rong; After Ge Rong's defeat Erzhu Rong prized Tai's ability and made him army commandant.
53
乙亥，魏大赦，改元永遠。
On yihai, Wei proclaimed a grand amnesty and adopted the era name Yongyuan.
54
辛巳，以爾朱榮為大丞相、都督河北畿外諸軍事，榮子平昌公文殊、昌樂公文暢並進爵為王，以楊椿為太保，城陽王徽為司徒。
On xinsi, Erzhu Rong was made Grand Chancellor and commander of all forces in and beyond the Hebei belt; his sons Wenqu of Pingchang and Wenchang of Changle were both advanced to princely rank; Yang Chun was made Grand Guardian and Prince Hui of Chengyang Minister over the Masses.
55
冬，十月，丁亥，葛榮至洛，魏主御閶闔門引見，斬於都市。
In the tenth month of winter, on dinghai, Ge Rong reached Luoyang; the Wei emperor received him at the Chongye Gate and had him beheaded in the market.
56
帝以魏北海王顥為魏王，遣東宮直閤將軍陳慶之將兵送之還北。 丙申，魏以太原王世子爾朱菩提為驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司； 丁酉，以長樂等七郡各萬戶，通前十萬戶，為太原王榮國； 戊戌，又加榮太師； 皆賞擒葛榮之功也。
The Liang emperor named Prince Hao of Beihai the Prince of Wei and sent Chen Qingzhi of the Eastern Palace guard with an army to escort him north. On bingshen, Wei made Puti, heir of the Prince of Taiyuan, General of Agile Cavalry with an office equal to the Three Excellencies; On dingyou, seven commanderies including Changle were granted ten thousand households apiece—one hundred thousand households in all—as the fief of Prince Rong of Taiyuan; On wuxu, Rong was further made Grand Preceptor; All were rewards for capturing Ge Rong.
57
壬子，魏江陽武烈王繼卒。
On renzi, Prince Ji of Jiangyang, posthumous name Wulie, died.
58
魏使征虜將軍韓子熙招諭邢杲，杲詐降而復反。 李叔仁擊杲於濰水，失利而還。
Wei sent Campaigning General Han Zixi to parley with Xing Gao; Gao feigned submission and rebelled again. Li Shuren attacked Gao on the Wei River, was beaten, and retreated.
59
魏費穆奄至荊州，曹義宗軍敗，為魏所擒，荊州之圍始解。
Fei Mu of Wei suddenly appeared at Jingzhou; Cao Yizong was defeated and taken; the siege of Jingzhou was finally raised.
60
元顥取魏銍城而據之。
Yuan Hao seized the city of Cheng in Wei and held it.
61
魏行台尚書左僕射於暉等兵數十萬，擊羊侃於瑕丘，徐紇恐事不濟，說侃請乞師於梁，侃信之，紇遂來奔。 暉等圍侃十餘重，機中矢盡，南軍不進。 十一月，癸亥夜，侃潰圍出，且戰且行，一日一夜乃出魏境，至渣口，眾尚萬餘人，馬二千匹。 士卒皆竟夜悲歌，侃乃謝曰：「卿等懷土，理不能見隨，幸適去留，於此為別。」 各拜辭而去。 魏復取泰山。 暉，勁之子也。
Yu Hui, Left Vice Director on the Wei mobile staff, led several hundred thousand men against Yang Kan at Xiqiu; Xu He, fearing defeat, urged Kan to ask Liang for help; Kan believed him and He fled to Liang. Hui's host pinned Kan in more than ten rings of siege; bolts and machines ran dry; the southern relief force never came. On the night of guihai in the eleventh month Kan broke the siege; fighting all the way, he crossed out of Wei in a day and a night and reached Zhakou with more than ten thousand men and two thousand horses. His men sang laments through the night; Kan bowed to them and said, "You pine for home—I cannot ask you all to follow; go or stay as you will—here we take leave." Each man bowed and went his way. Wei recovered Mount Tai commandery. Hui was the son of Yu Jin.
62
戊寅，魏以上黨王天穆為大將軍、開府儀同三司，世襲并州刺史。
On wuyin, Wei made Prince Tianmu of Shangdang Grand General with an office equal to the Three Excellencies, with hereditary rank as Bingzhou inspector.
63
十二月，庚子，魏詔於暉還師討邢杲。
In the twelfth month, on gengzi, Wei ordered Yu Hui to withdraw and campaign against Xing Gao.
64
葛榮餘黨韓樓復據幽州反，北邊被其患。 爾朱榮以撫軍將軍賀拔勝為大都督，鎮中山； 樓畏勝威名，不敢南出。
Han Lou, a remnant of Ge Rong's host, seized Youzhou again and rebelled; the northern marches groaned under him. Erzhu Rong appointed Pacification Army general Heba Sheng supreme commander and posted him at Zhongshan; Han Lou feared Sheng's name and dared not march south.