1
資治通鑑第153卷
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 153
2
【梁紀九】屠維作噩，一年。
Liang Records, Part 9 — the first year of the reign era Zhongdatong.
3
◎中大通元己酉，公元五二九年
◎ Zhongdatong 1, year jiyou, 529 CE.
4
春，正月，甲寅，魏於暉所部都督彭樂師二千餘騎叛，奔韓樓，暉引還。
In spring, on the first month's jiayin day, over two thousand horsemen led by the commander Peng Le in Yu Hui's Wei detachment mutinied and defected to Han Lou, and Yu Hui pulled his forces back.
5
辛酉，上祀南郊，大赦。
On xinyou, the emperor performed the southern suburban sacrifice and issued a great amnesty.
6
甲子，魏汝南王悅求還國，許之。
On jiazi, the Wei Prince of Runan, Yuan Yue, petitioned to return to his domain, and the court allowed it.
7
辛巳，上祀明堂。
On xinsi, the emperor offered sacrifice at the Bright Hall.
8
二月，甲午，魏主尊彭城武宣王為文穆皇帝，廟號肅祖； 母李妃為文穆皇后。 將遷神主於太廟，以高祖為伯考，大司馬兼錄尚書臨淮王彧表諫，以為：「漢高祖立太上皇廟於香街，光武祀南頓君於舂陵。 元帝之於光武，已疏絕服，猶身奉子道，入繼大宗。 高祖德洽寰中，道超無外，肅祖雖勳格宇宙，猶北面為臣。 又，二後皆將配享，乃是君臣並筵，嫂叔同室，竊謂不可。」 吏部尚書李神俊亦諫，不聽，彧又請去「帝」著「皇」，亦不聽。
In the second month, on jiawu, the Wei emperor posthumously elevated Prince Wuxuan of Pengcheng as Emperor Wenmu, with the temple name Suzu; His mother, Lady Li, was honored as Empress Wenmu. As the court prepared to install their spirit tablets in the Imperial Ancestral Temple and rank Emperor Gaozu as a collateral forebear, the Grand Marshal and acting Director of the Imperial Secretariat, Prince Huai of Linhuai, Yuan Yu, submitted a memorial of protest: "Emperor Gaozu of Han raised a temple to the Supreme Emperor on Fragrant Street, and Emperor Guangwu worshipped his father at Chunling. Between Emperor Yuan and Emperor Guangwu the mourning tie was already distant, yet Guangwu still personally kept a son's duty and entered the succession of the great lineage. Our Gaozu's virtue filled the realm and his Way surpassed all within the four seas; though Suzu's achievements spanned the cosmos, he still stood facing north as a subject. Moreover, both empresses are to share the altar—lord and minister would sit at one feast, sister-in-law and brother-in-law under one roof; this, I submit, cannot be allowed." The Minister of Personnel, Li Shenjun, remonstrated as well, but the throne would not listen; Yuan Yu then asked that the title drop "emperor" and read only "august," and that too was refused.
9
詔更定二百四十號將軍為四十四班。 壬寅，魏詔濟陰王暉業兼行台尚書，都督丘大千等鎮梁國。 暉業，小新成之曾孫也。
An edict reorganized the two hundred forty general officer titles into forty-four grades. On renyin, Wei ordered Prince Ye of Jiyin to serve concurrently as acting Director of the Imperial Secretariat on the mobile staff and to place Qiu Daqian and others in command of the Liang region. Ye was a great-grandson of the Lesser Xin Prince Cheng.
10
三月，壬戌，魏詔上黨王天穆討邢杲，以費穆為前鋒大都督。
In the third month, on renxu, Wei ordered the Prince of Shangdang, Yuan Tianmu, to suppress Xing Luo, appointing Fei Mu grand commander of the vanguard.
11
夏，四月，癸未，魏遷肅祖及文穆皇后神主於太廟，又追尊彭城王劭為孝宣皇帝。 臨淮王彧諫曰：「茲事古所未有，陛下作而不法，後世何觀！」 弗聽。
In summer, the fourth month, on guiwei, Wei installed the spirit tablets of Suzu and Empress Wenmu in the Imperial Ancestral Temple and further posthumously honored Prince Shao of Pengcheng as Emperor Xiaoxuan. Prince Huai of Linhuai, Yuan Yu, remonstrated: "Nothing like this exists in antiquity. Your Majesty acts without precedent—what will later ages make of it!" The throne would not listen.
12
魏元天穆將擊邢杲，以北海王顥方入寇，集文武議之，眾皆曰：「杲眾強盛，宜以為先。」 行台尚書薛琡曰：「邢杲兵眾雖多，鼠竊狗偷，非有遠志。 顥帝室近親，來稱義舉，其勢難測，宜先去之。」 天穆以諸將多欲擊杲，又魏朝亦以顥為孤弱，不足慮，命天穆等先定齊地，還師擊顥，遂引兵東出。 顥與陳慶之乘虛自銍城進拔滎城，遂至梁國； 魏丘大千有眾七萬，分築九城以拒之。 慶之攻之，自旦至申，拔其三壘，大千請降。 顥登壇燔燎，即帝位於睢陽城南，改元孝基。 濟陰王暉業帥羽林兵二萬軍考城，慶之攻拔其城，擒暉業。
Yuan Tianmu of Wei was preparing to attack Xing Luo when word came that the Prince of Beihai, Yuan Hao, was raiding the borders; he convened civil and military officers for counsel, and all said, "Luo's forces are strong—we should strike him first." The mobile-staff Director of the Imperial Secretariat, Xue Zan, said, "Xing Luo may field many men, but they are mere thieves and scavengers without distant ambition. Hao is close imperial kin and marches under the banner of a righteous cause; his momentum is hard to read—we should deal with him first." Tianmu, since most commanders wanted to hit Luo and the Wei court likewise judged Hao isolated and negligible, ordered his forces first to pacify Qi and only then turn on Hao; he marched east. Hao, with Chen Qingzhi exploiting the gap, advanced from Zhi city, captured Ying city, and pressed into the Liang region; Qiu Daqian of Wei had seventy thousand men and threw up nine walled camps to block them. Qingzhi assaulted them from dawn until mid-afternoon, seized three camps, and Daqian sued for surrender. Hao mounted the altar, kindled the beacon fires, and declared himself emperor south of Suiyang, taking the era name Xiaoji. Prince Ye of Jiyin led twenty thousand armored guards at Kao city; Qingzhi stormed the place, took the city, and captured Ye.
13
辛丑，魏上黨王天穆及爾朱兆破邢杲於濟南，杲降，送洛陽，斬之。 兆，榮之從子也。
On xinchou, the Wei Prince of Shangdang, Yuan Tianmu, and Erzhu Zhao routed Xing Luo at Ji'nan; Luo surrendered, was sent to Luoyang, and beheaded. Zhao was a nephew of Erzhu Rong.
14
五月，丁巳，魏以東南道大都督楊昱鎮滎陽，尚書僕射爾朱世隆鎮虎牢，侍中爾朱世承鎮崿□。 乙丑，內外戒嚴。
In the fifth month, on dingsi, Wei posted the grand commander of the southeast circuit, Yang Yu, at Yingyang; the Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat, Erzhu Shilong, at Hulao; and the palace attendant Erzhu Shicheng at the Yao pass. On yichou, court and countryside were placed under martial alert.
15
戊辰，北海王顥克梁國。 顥以陳慶之為衛將軍，徐州刺史，引兵而西。 楊昱擁眾七萬，據滎陽。 慶之攻之，未拔。 顥遣人說昱使降，昱不從。 元天穆與驃騎將軍爾朱吐沒兒將大軍前後繼至，梁士卒皆恐。 慶之解鞍秣馬，諭將士曰：「吾至此以來，屠城略地，實為不少； 君等殺人父兄、掠人子女，亦無算矣。 天穆之眾，皆是仇讎。 我輩眾才七千，虜眾三十餘萬，今日之事，唯有必死乃可得生耳！ 虜騎多，不可與之野戰，當及其未盡至，急攻取其城而據之。 諸君勿或狐疑，自取屠膾！」 乃鼓之，使登城。 將士即相帥蟻附而入，癸酉，拔滎陽，執楊昱。 諸將三百餘人伏顥帳前請曰：「陛下渡江三千里，無遺鏃之費，昨滎陽城下一朝殺傷五百餘人，願乞楊昱以快眾意！」 顥曰：「我在江東聞梁主言，初舉兵下都，袁昂為吳郡不降，每稱其忠節。 楊昱忠臣，奈何殺之！ 此外唯卿等所取。」 於是斬昱所部統帥三十七人，皆刳心而食之。 俄而天穆等引兵圍城，慶之帥騎三千背城力戰，大破之，天穆、吐沒兒皆走。 慶之進擊虎牢，爾朱世隆棄城走，獲魏東中郎將辛纂。
On wuchen, the Prince of Beihai, Yuan Hao, captured the Liang region. Hao appointed Chen Qingzhi Defender-General and inspector of Xuzhou and marched west. Yang Yu held seventy thousand men and fortified Yingyang. Qingzhi besieged the city but could not break it. Hao sent envoys to urge Yu to surrender; Yu refused. Yuan Tianmu and the General of Agile Cavalry, Erzhu Tumener, brought up great armies one after another, and the Liang troops were seized with fear. Qingzhi loosed his saddle, fed his horse, and addressed officers and men: "Since we crossed the river we have stormed cities and overrun lands—no small tally; you have killed fathers and elder brothers and seized sons and daughters beyond counting. Tianmu's men are every one our enemies. We are barely seven thousand; the enemy fields more than three hundred thousand. Today we live only if we stake everything on death! Their cavalry are too many for open battle. Before the rest arrive, we must storm the city and hold it. Do not falter in doubt and make yourselves butcher's meat!" He beat the drums and ordered them onto the walls. Officers and men swarmed up like ants; on guiyou they stormed Yingyang and captured Yang Yu. More than three hundred commanders knelt before Hao's tent and said, "Your Majesty marched three thousand li without wasting a shaft; yet below Yingyang we lost over five hundred in a single morning—grant us Yang Yu to appease the troops!" Hao said, "East of the river I heard the Liang ruler say that when he first marched on the capital, Yuan Ang of Wu commandery would not submit, and he always praised Ang's loyal steadfastness. Yang Yu is a loyal minister—how can we kill him! Apart from him, take what you will." Thereupon thirty-seven of Yu's commanders were beheaded; each had his heart cut out and was eaten. Soon Tianmu and the others invested the city; Qingzhi led three thousand horsemen in a fight with their backs to the wall and smashed them; Tianmu and Tumener both fled. Qingzhi pressed on to Hulao; Erzhu Shilong abandoned the city and fled, and they took the Wei Eastern Palace Attendant, Xin Zuan.
16
魏主將出避顥，未知所之，或勸之長安，中書舍人高道穆曰：「關中荒殘，何可復往！ 顥士眾不多，乘虛深入，由將帥不得其人，故能至此。 陛下若親帥宿衛，高募重賞，背城一戰，臣等竭其死力，破顥孤軍必矣。 或恐勝負難期，則車賀不若渡河，征大將軍天穆、大丞相榮各使引兵來會，犄角進討，旬月之間，必見成功。 此萬全之策也。」 魏主從之。 甲戌，魏主北行，夜，至河內郡北，命高道穆於燭下作詔書數十紙，佈告遠近。 於是四方始知魏主所在。 乙亥，魏主入河內。
The Wei emperor was about to flee before Hao and did not know where to turn; some urged Chang'an. The Palace Attendant Gao Daomu said, "Guanzhong lies in ruins—how can we go back there! Hao's troops are not numerous; they have pierced this deep only because our commanders are unfit—that is why they stand here. If Your Majesty personally leads the palace guard, posts lavish bounties, and fights one battle with the wall at your back, we will spend our lives to the last man and surely break Hao's isolated army. If the outcome is hard to foresee, better to cross the river in state: summon the grand general Tianmu and the grand chancellor Rong, have each bring his host, and close in from two sides—in ten days or a month success will show. That is the plan without flaw." The Wei emperor accepted it. On jiaxu the Wei emperor marched north; that night he reached the north of Henei commandery and ordered Gao Daomu by lamplight to draft dozens of edicts and proclaim them far and wide. Only then did the realm learn where the Wei emperor stood. On yihai the Wei emperor entered Henei.
17
臨淮王彧、安豐王延明，帥百僚，封府庫，備法駕迎顥。 丙子，顥入洛陽宮，改元建武，大赦。 以陳慶之為侍中、車騎大將軍，增邑萬戶。 楊椿在洛陽，椿弟順為冀州刺史，兄子侃為北中郎將，從魏主在河北。 顥意忌椿，而以其家世顯重，恐失人望，未敢誅也。 或勸椿出亡，椿曰：「吾內外百口，何所逃匿！ 正當坐待天命耳。」
Prince Huai of Linhuai, Yuan Yu, and Prince of Anfeng, Yuan Yanming, led the hundred officials to seal the treasuries and prepared the imperial equipage to welcome Hao. On bingzi, Hao entered the Luoyang palace, changed the era name to Jianwu, and proclaimed a great amnesty. Chen Qingzhi was made palace attendant and Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, with his fief increased by ten thousand households. Yang Chun remained in Luoyang; his younger brother Shun was inspector of Ji, and his nephew Kan was Northern Palace General—all were with the Wei emperor in Hebei. Hao resented Chun, but because the clan had long been eminent he feared losing hearts and did not yet dare kill him. Some urged Chun to flee; Chun said, "A hundred mouths in and out of this house—where would we run! We can only sit and await Heaven's decree."
18
顥後軍都督侯暄守睢陽，為後援。 魏行台崔孝芬、大都督刁宣馳往圍暄，晝夜急攻，戊寅，暄突走，擒斬之。
Hao's rear-army commander Hou Xuan held Suiyang as a rear base. The Wei mobile-staff director Cui Xiaofen and grand commander Diao Xuan raced to besiege Xuan, attacking day and night; on wuyin, Xuan broke out, fled, and was captured and executed.
19
上黨王天穆等帥眾四萬攻拔大梁，分遣費穆將兵二萬攻虎牢，顥使陳慶之擊之。 天穆畏顥，將北渡河，謂行台郎中濟陰溫子升曰：「卿欲向洛，為隨我北渡？」 子升曰：「主上以虎牢失守，致此狼狽。 元顥新入，人情未安，今往擊之，無不克者。 大王平定京邑，奉迎大駕，此恆、文之舉也。 捨此北渡，竊為大王惜之。」 天穆善之而不能用，遂引兵渡河。 費穆攻虎牢，將拔，聞天穆北渡，自以無後繼，遂降於慶之。 慶之進擊大梁、梁國，皆下之。 慶之以數千之眾，自發銍縣至洛陽，凡取三十二城，四十七戰，所向皆克。
The Prince of Shangdang, Yuan Tianmu, and others led forty thousand men, captured Daliang, and detached Fei Mu with twenty thousand to storm Hulao; Hao sent Chen Qingzhi against him. Tianmu feared Hao and prepared to cross north; he asked the mobile-staff gentleman Wen Zisheng of Jiyin, "Do you mean to go to Luoyang, or follow me north across the river?" Zisheng said, "Because tiger pass was lost, affairs came to this pass. Yuan Hao has only just entered; hearts are not yet settled—strike now and none can stand. Pacify the capital and welcome the great equipage—that is an achievement like Duke Huan and Duke Wen. To cast this aside and cross north—I fear Your Lordship will regret it." Tianmu approved but could not bring himself to act; he led his army across the river. Fei Mu assaulted Hulao and was on the verge of taking it when he heard Tianmu had crossed north; believing he had no rear, he surrendered to Qingzhi. Qingzhi pressed Daliang and the Liang region and took both. With only a few thousand men, from his departure at Zhi county to Luoyang, Qingzhi took thirty-two cities in forty-seven battles; wherever he turned, he prevailed.
20
顥使黃門郎祖瑩作書遺魏主曰：「朕泣請梁朝，誓在復恥，正欲問罪於爾朱，出卿於桎梏。 卿托命豺狼，委身虎口，假獲民地，本是榮物，固非卿有。 今國家隆替，在卿與我。 若天道助順，則皇魏再興； 脫或不然，在榮為福，於卿為禍。 卿宜三復，富貴可保。」
Hao had the Yellow Gate Gentleman Zu Ying draft a letter to the Wei emperor: "I wept and begged the Liang court, swearing to wipe away disgrace, meaning only to call Erzhu to account and free you from bonds. You entrusted your life to wolves and cast your body into a tiger's maw; the people's land you hold was always Rong's prize and was never truly yours. Now whether the state rises or falls lies between you and me. If Heaven aids the righteous, great Wei will rise again; if not, fortune for Rong, disaster for you. Think thrice, and wealth and rank may yet be kept."
21
顥既入洛，自河以南州郡多附之。 齊州刺史沛郡王欣集文武議所從，曰：「北海、長樂，俱帝室近親，今宗祏不移，我欲受赦，諸君意何如？」 在坐莫不失色。 軍司崔光韶獨抗言曰：「元顥受制於梁，引寇仇之兵以覆宗國，此魏之賊臣亂子也。 豈唯大王家事所宜切齒，下官等皆荷朝眷，未敢仰從！」 長史崔景茂等皆曰：「軍司議是。」 欣乃斬顥使。 光韶，亮之從父弟也。 於是襄州刺史賈思同、廣州刺史鄭先護、南兗州刺史元暹亦不受顥命。 思同，思伯之弟也。 顥以冀州刺史元孚為東道行台、彭城郡王，孚封送其書於魏主。 平陽王敬先起兵於河橋以討顥，不克而死。
Once Hao held Luoyang, most prefectures and commanderies south of the river submitted. The inspector of Qi, Prince Xin of Pei commandery, gathered officers to decide whom to follow: "The princes of Beihai and Changle are both close imperial kin; the ancestral temple has not been removed—I mean to accept the amnesty; what say you?" Everyone present went pale. Only the army aide Cui Guangshao spoke against it: "Yuan Hao is Liang's puppet and leads a hostile army to overturn the ancestral state—he is Wei's traitor and rebellious son. This is not only a matter for Your Highness to gnash his teeth over—we who owe the court's grace dare not obey from below!" The chief clerk Cui Jingmao and the others all said, "The army aide is right." Xin then beheaded Hao's envoy. Guangshao was a younger cousin of Cui Liang. Thereupon the inspector of Xiang, Jia Sitong; of Guang, Zheng Xianhu; and of Southern Yan, Yuan Xian, likewise refused Hao's orders. Sitong was the younger brother of Sibo. Hao appointed Yuan Fu, inspector of Ji, as eastern-circuit mobile-staff director and Prince of Pengcheng; Fu sealed Hao's letter and forwarded it to the Wei emperor. Prince Jingxian of Pingyang raised troops at He Bridge to attack Hao, was defeated, and died.
22
魏以侍中、車騎將軍、尚書右僕射爾朱世隆為使持節、行台僕射、大將軍、相州刺史，鎮鄴城。 魏主之出也，單騎而去，侍衛後宮皆案堵如故。 顥一旦得之，號令己出，四方人情想其風政。 而顥自謂天授，遽有驕怠之志。 宿昔賓客近習，鹹見寵待，干擾政事，日夜縱酒，不恤軍國，所從南兵，陵暴市裡，朝野失望。 高道穆兄子儒自洛陽出從魏主，魏主問洛中事，子儒曰：「顥敗在旦夕，不足憂也。」 爾朱榮聞魏主北出，即時馳傳見魏主於長子，行，且部分。 魏主即日南還，榮為前驅。 旬日之間，兵眾大集，資糧器仗，相繼而至。 六月，壬午，魏大赦。
Wei appointed Palace Attendant, Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, and Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat Erzhu Shilong bearer of the staff, acting mobile-staff vice director, grand general, and inspector of Xiang, to hold Ye city. When the Wei emperor fled, he rode off alone; the palace guard and inner quarters remained undisturbed. Once Hao held power, his orders went forth and people everywhere looked to his rule. But Hao, believing Heaven had handed him the throne, soon grew arrogant and careless. Old clients and close attendants were showered with favor and meddled in government; he drank day and night and neglected army and state; the southern soldiers who followed him bullied the markets, and court and countryside lost heart. Gao Daomu's nephew Ru left Luoyang to join the Wei emperor; asked about Luo, Ru said, "Hao will fall within days—there is nothing to fear." Erzhu Rong, hearing the emperor had fled north, galloped by post to meet him at Changzi, marching and deploying as he went. That same day the Wei emperor turned south, with Rong in the vanguard. Within ten days hosts massed, and grain, supplies, and arms arrived in steady streams. In the sixth month, on renwu, Wei proclaimed a great amnesty.
23
榮既南下，並、肆不安，乃以爾朱天光為並、肆等九州行台，仍行并州事。 天光至晉陽，部分約勒，所部皆安。
After Rong marched south, Bing and Xi grew restless; he made Erzhu Tianguang mobile-staff director over nine provinces including Bing and Xi while still governing Bing. Tianguang reached Jinyang, organized and disciplined his command, and all under him were pacified.
24
己丑，費穆至洛陽，顥引入，責以河陰之事而殺之。 顥使都督宗正珍孫與河內太守元襲據河內； 爾朱榮攻之，上黨王天穆引兵會之，壬寅，拔其城，斬珍孫及襲。
On jichou, Fei Mu reached Luoyang; Hao received him, blamed him for the massacre at Heyin, and executed him. Hao sent the commander Zongzheng Zhensun and the administrator of Henei, Yuan Xi, to hold Henei; Erzhu Rong attacked them; the Prince of Shangdang, Yuan Tianmu, joined him; on renyin they stormed the city and beheaded Zhensun and Xi.
25
辛亥，魏淮陰太守晉鴻以湖陽來降。
On xinhai, Jin Hong, Wei administrator of Huaiyin, surrendered Huyang.
26
閏月，己未，南康簡王績卒。
In the intercalary month, on jiwei, Prince Jian of Nankang, Ji, died.
27
魏北海王顥既得志，密與臨淮王彧、安豐王延明謀叛梁； 以事難未平，藉陳慶之兵力，故外同內異，言多猜忌。 慶之亦密為之備，說顥曰：「今遠來至此，未服者尚多，彼若知吾虛實，連兵四合，將何以御之！ 宜啟天子，更請精兵，並敕諸州，有南人沒此者悉須部送。」 顥欲從之，延明曰：「慶之兵不出數千，已自難制； 今更增其眾，寧肯復為人用乎！ 大權一去，動息由人，魏之宗廟，於斯墜矣。」 顥乃不用慶之言。 又慮慶之密啟，乃表於上曰：「今河北、河南一時克定，唯爾朱榮尚敢跋扈，臣與慶之自能擒討。 州郡新服，正須綏撫，不宜更復加兵，搖動百姓。」 上乃詔諸軍繼進者皆停於境上。
Once the Prince of Beihai, Yuan Hao, had achieved his aim, he secretly plotted to turn against Liang with Princes Huai of Linhuai and Anfeng, Yuan Yu and Yuan Yanming; because the realm was not yet settled he still needed Chen Qingzhi's troops; outwardly they agreed, inwardly they doubted one another. Qingzhi also quietly prepared and told Hao, "We have marched far, and many here are still unsubmissive; if they learn how few we are and link armies on every side, how will we hold them off? You should inform the Son of Heaven and ask for more picked troops, and order every province to send here all southerners it holds under arms." Hao meant to agree; Yanming said, "Qingzhi commands only a few thousand men and is already hard to control; if you swell his host now, will he still let others command him? Once great power passes from your hands, every move depends on others—the Wei ancestral temple will topple with it. Hao therefore ignored Qingzhi's advice. Fearing Qingzhi might report him in secret, he memorialized the throne: "Hebei and Henan are for the moment pacified; only Erzhu Rong still dares to swagger—your servant and Qingzhi can seize him ourselves. The provinces have only just submitted and need soothing rule; we must not add more troops and unsettle the people." The Liang emperor therefore ordered every army meant to follow up to halt at the borders."
28
洛中南兵不滿一萬，而羌、胡之眾十倍，軍副馬佛念為慶之曰：「將軍威行河、洛，聲震中原，功高勢重，為魏所疑，一旦變生不測，可無慮乎！ 不若乘其無備，殺顥據洛，此千載一時也。」 慶之不從。 顥先以慶之為徐州刺史，因固求之鎮，顥心憚之，不遣，曰：「主上以洛陽之地全相任委，忽聞捨此朝寄，欲往彭城，謂君遽取富貴，不為國計，非徒有損於君，恐僕並受其責。」 慶之不敢復言。
Southern troops in Luoyang numbered fewer than ten thousand, while Qiang and Hu levies were ten times as many; the army aide Ma Fonian urged Qingzhi: "General, your fame fills the Yellow River lands and your merit outweighs your rank—the Wei court must suspect you; if fortune turns, will you not be in peril? Strike while they are unready, kill Hao, and hold Luoyang—such a chance comes once in a thousand years." Qingzhi refused. Hao had earlier made Qingzhi inspector of Xuzhou; when Qingzhi pressed to take up that post, Hao feared him and refused, saying, "The throne has wholly entrusted Luoyang to you; to abandon that charge for Pengcheng will look like grasping for wealth, not serving the state—you harm yourself, and I fear we shall both be blamed." Qingzhi dared not raise it again.
29
爾朱榮與顥相持於河上。 慶之守北中城，顥自據南岸； 慶之三日十一戰，殺傷甚眾。 有夏州義士為顥守河中渚，陰與榮通謀，求破橋立效，榮引兵赴之。 及橋破，榮應接不逮，顥悉屠之，榮悵然失望。 又以安豐王延明緣河固守，而北軍無船可渡，議欲還北，更圖後舉。 黃門郎楊侃曰：「大王發并州之日，已知夏州義士之謀指來應之邪？ 為欲廣施經略匡復帝室乎？ 夫用兵者，何嘗不散而更合，瘡愈更戰； 況今未有所損，豈可以一事不諧而眾謀頓廢乎！ 今四方顒顒，視公此舉； 若未有所成，遽復引歸，民情失望，各懷去就，勝負所在，未可知也。 不若征發民材，多為桴筏，間以舟楫，緣河布列，數百里中，皆為渡勢，首尾既遠，使顥不知所防，一旦得渡，必立大功。」 高道穆曰：「今乘輿飄蕩，主憂臣辱。 大王擁百萬之眾，輔天子而令諸侯，若分兵造筏，所在散渡，指掌可克； 奈何捨之北歸，使顥復得完聚，徵兵天下！ 此所謂養虺成蛇，悔無及矣。」 榮曰：「楊黃門已陳此策，當相與議之。」 劉靈助言於榮曰：「不出十日，河南必平。」 伏波將軍正平楊心剽與其族居馬渚，自言有小船數艘，求為鄉導。 戊辰，榮命車騎將軍爾朱兆與大都督賀拔勝縛材為筏，自馬渚西硤石夜渡，襲擊顥子領軍將軍冠受，擒之； 安豐王延明之眾聞之，大潰。 顥失據，帥麾下數百騎南走，陳慶之收步騎數千，結陳東還，顥所得諸城，一時復降於魏。 爾朱榮自追陳慶之，會嵩高水漲，慶之軍士死散略盡，乃削鬚髮為沙門，間行出汝陰，還建康，猶以功除右衛將軍，封永興縣侯。
Erzhu Rong and Hao faced each other along the river. Qingzhi held North Central Fort while Hao held the south bank; in three days Qingzhi fought eleven battles, with heavy casualties on both sides. A loyalist from Xia province held a mid-river islet for Hao, secretly treated with Rong, and offered to break the bridge; Rong marched to support him. When the bridge fell, Rong could not arrive in time; Hao slaughtered the loyalists, and Rong was bitterly disappointed. Prince of Anfeng Yanming held the river line, and the northern army had no boats; they debated retreating north to try again later. The Yellow Gate Gentleman Yang Kan said, "When you marched from Bing province, did you already know the Xia loyalists meant to answer you? Or did you mean to deploy your hosts and restore the imperial house? In war, armies scatter and gather again, wounds heal and men fight again; and we have not yet suffered real loss—how can one setback scrap the whole design? Now the four quarters watch eagerly what you will do; if you achieve nothing and pull back, hearts will fail, men will think of leaving, and victory is anyone's guess. Better to levy timber, build rafts and boats, and array crossings for hundreds of li—head and tail far apart so Hao cannot guess where we will strike; cross once, and merit is certain." Gao Daomu said, "The imperial carriage drifts in peril—the ruler grieves and ministers are shamed. You command a million men, assisting the Son of Heaven to command the lords—divide troops, build rafts, and cross piecemeal, and victory is at hand; why turn north and let Hao gather strength and levy the realm again! That is to nurture a viper you will regret forever." Rong said, "Yellow Gate Yang has already offered this plan; we shall discuss it together." Liu Lingzhu told Rong, "Within ten days Henan will be pacified." The General Who Subdues Waves, Yang Xin the Corrector of Ping, lived with his clan at Horse Ford and offered several small boats as guide. On wuchen, Rong ordered Erzhu Zhao and the grand commander Heba Sheng to bind rafts; from Horse Ford they crossed by night at Xiashi, struck Hao's son and commander-in-chief Guan Shou, and captured him; when Prince of Anfeng Yanming's host heard this, it broke in rout. Hao lost his footing and fled south with a few hundred horsemen; Qingzhi gathered several thousand foot and horse, formed ranks, and marched east; the cities Hao had taken at once submitted again to Wei. Erzhu Rong himself pursued Qingzhi; the Songgao River flooded, and Qingzhi's men died or scattered almost to the last; he shaved his head as a monk, slipped out through Ruyin, returned to Jiankang, and was still made Defender-General of the Right and Marquis of Yongxing for his merit.
30
中軍大都督兼領軍大將軍楊津入宿殿中，掃灑宮庭，封閉府庫，出迎魏主於北邙，流涕謝罪，帝慰勞之。 庚午，帝入居華林園，大赦。 以爾朱兆為車騎大將軍、儀同三司，北來軍士及隨賀文武諸立義者加五級，河北報事之官及河南立義者加二級。 壬申，加大丞相榮天柱大將軍，增封通前二十萬戶。
Grand Commander of the Central Army and concurrent Defender-General Yang Jin lodged in the palace, swept the courts, sealed the treasuries, went out to welcome the Wei emperor at Northern Mang, wept, and apologized; the emperor comforted him. On gengwu, the emperor entered the Hualin Garden and proclaimed a great amnesty. Erzhu Zhao was made Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry and bearer of the Three Similitudes; northern soldiers and all who had joined the righteous rising gained five ranks; reporters from Hebei and risers in Henan gained two. On renshen, Grand Chancellor Rong was further made Grand General of the Heavenly Pillar, his fief increased by two hundred thousand households counting prior grants.
31
北海王顥自轘轅南出至臨穎，從騎分散，臨穎縣卒江豐斬之； 癸酉，傅首洛陽。 臨淮王彧復自歸於魏主，安豐王延明攜妻子來奔。
The Prince of Beihai, Yuan Hao, fled south from Huanyuan to Linying; his escort scattered, and a Linying county soldier, Jiang Feng, beheaded him; on guiyou, the head was sent to Luoyang. Prince Huai of Linhuai, Yuan Yu, submitted again to the Wei emperor; Prince of Anfeng, Yuan Yanming, fled in with wife and children.
32
陳慶之之入洛也，蕭贊送啟求還。 時吳淑媛尚在，上使以贊幼時衣寄之，信未達而慶之敗。 慶之自魏還，特重北人，朱異怪而問之，慶之曰：「吾始以為大江以北皆戎狄之鄉，比至洛陽，乃知衣冠人物盡在中原，非江東所及也，奈何輕之？」
When Chen Qingzhi entered Luoyang, Xiao Zan sent a memorial asking to return. Consort Wu Shuyuan was still alive; the emperor had her send clothes Zan had worn as a child, but the letter had not arrived when Qingzhi fell. Returning from Wei, Qingzhi especially respected northerners; Zhu Yi asked why; Qingzhi said, "I once thought everything north of the river was barbarian country; at Luoyang I learned that ritual and learning dwell in the central plain—how can the southeast slight them?"
33
甲戌，魏以上黨王天穆為太宰，城陽王徽為大司馬兼太尉。 乙亥，魏主宴勞爾朱榮、上黨王天穆及北來督將於都亭，出宮人三百，繒錦雜彩數萬匹，班賜有差，凡受元顥爵賞階復者，悉追奪之。
On jiaxu, Wei made the Prince of Shangdang, Yuan Tianmu, Grand Preceptor, and the Prince of Chengyang, Hui, Grand Marshal and Grand Commandant. On yihai, the Wei emperor feasted Erzhu Rong, Yuan Tianmu, and the northern commanders at the Capital Pavilion; three hundred palace women attended, and tens of thousands of rolls of silk were given in graded gifts; everyone who had taken rank or reward from Yuan Hao had it stripped away.
34
秋，七月，辛巳，魏主始入宮。
In autumn, the seventh month, on xinsi, the Wei emperor at last entered the palace.
35
以高道穆為御史中尉。 帝姊壽陽公主行犯清路，赤棒卒呵之，不止，道穆令卒擊破其車。 公主泣訴於帝，帝曰：「高中尉清直之士，彼所行者公事，豈可以私責之也！」 道穆見帝，帝曰：「家姊行路相犯，極以為愧。」 道穆免冠謝，帝曰：「朕以愧卿，卿何謝也！」
Gao Daomu was made Imperial Censor. The emperor's elder sister, the Princess of Shouyang, blocked the cleared road; a red-club soldier shouted at her, but she would not stop; Daomu ordered the soldier to smash her carriage. The princess wept to the emperor; he said, "Director Gao is upright; he acted on public business—how can you blame him privately? When Daomu saw the emperor, the emperor said, "My sister blocked the road—I am deeply ashamed." Daomu removed his cap and apologized; the emperor said, "I am the one ashamed—why do you apologize?"
36
於是魏多細錢，米斗幾直一千，高道穆上表，以為：「在市銅價，八十一錢得銅一斤，私造薄錢，斤贏二百。 既示之以深利，又隨之以重刑，抵罪雖多，奸鑄彌眾。 今錢徒有五銖之文，而無二銖之實，置之水上，殆欲不沉。 此乃因循有漸，科防不切，朝廷失之，彼復何罪！ 宜改鑄大錢，文載年號，以記其始，則一斤所成止七十錢，計私鑄所不能自潤，直置無利，自應息心，況復嚴刑廣設也！」 金紫光祿大夫楊侃亦奏乞聽民與官並鑄五銖錢，使民樂為而弊自改。 魏主從之，始鑄永安五銖錢。
Wei coin had grown debased; rice cost nearly a thousand cash per dou; Gao Daomu memorialized: "At market rates, eighty-one cash buys one jin of copper; private thin coin yields two hundred cash profit per jin. Show deep profit, add heavy punishment, and though convictions multiply, illicit casting only spreads. Coins bear the five-zhu mark but lack two zhu in weight; set them on water and they barely sink. This comes of gradual indulgence and lax enforcement—the court has failed, not the people. Recast larger coins bearing the era name; one jin would yield only seventy cash, so private casting could not profit; without profit, the impulse dies—how much more with stern law!" Yang Kan also memorialized to let people mint five-zhu coin alongside the state so they would comply willingly and abuse would cure itself. The Wei emperor agreed and began casting Yong'an five-zhu coin.
37
辛卯，魏以車騎將軍楊津為司空。
On xinmao, Wei made Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry Yang Jin Minister of Works.
38
初，魏以梁、益二州境土荒遠，更立巴州以統諸獠，凡二十餘萬戶，以巴酋嚴始欣為刺史。 又立隆城鎮，以始欣族子愷為鎮將。 始欣貪暴，孝昌初，諸獠反，圍州城，行台魏子建撫諭之，乃散。 始欣恐獲罪，陰來請降，帝遣使以詔書、鐵券、衣冠等賜之，為愷所獲，以送子建。 子建奏以隆城鎮為南梁州，用愷為刺史，囚始欣於南鄭。 魏以唐永為東益州刺史代子建，以梁州刺史傅豎眼為行台。 子建去東益而氐、蜀尋反，唐永棄城走，東益州遂沒。
Because Liang and Yi were remote, Wei had established Ba province to govern the Liao peoples—more than two hundred thousand households—and made the Ba chieftain Yan Shixin inspector. They also established Longcheng garrison and made Shixin's kinsman Kai garrison commander. Shixin was greedy and brutal; early in Xiaochang the Liao rebelled and besieged the provincial seat; mobile-staff director Wei Zijian soothed them and they dispersed. Fearing punishment, Shixin secretly offered surrender; the emperor sent edict, iron bond, robes, and gifts, but Kai seized them and sent them to Zijian. Zijian memorialized to make Longcheng garrison into Southern Liang province, appoint Kai inspector, and imprison Shixin at Nanzheng. Wei made Tang Yong inspector of Eastern Yi to replace Zijian and the inspector of Liang, Fu Shuyan, mobile-staff director. When Zijian left Eastern Yi, the Di and Shu rebelled; Tang Yong abandoned the city and fled, and Eastern Yi was lost.
39
傅豎眼之初至梁州也，州人相賀。 既而久病，不能親政事。 其子敬紹，奢淫貪暴，州人患之。 嚴始欣重賂敬紹，得還巴州，遂舉兵擊嚴愷，滅之。 以巴州來降，帝遣將軍蕭玩等將兵援之。 傅敬紹見魏室方亂，陰有保據南鄭之志，使其妻兄唐崑崙於外扇誘山民相聚圍城，欲為內應。 圍合而謀洩，城中將士共執敬紹，以白豎眼而殺之，豎眼恥恚而卒。
When Fu Shuyan first reached Liang province, the people congratulated one another. Soon he fell gravely ill and could not govern in person. His son Jingshao was extravagant, licentious, greedy, and brutal; the province suffered under him. Yan Shixin heavily bribed Jingshao, returned to Ba province, raised troops, attacked Yan Kai, and destroyed him. He surrendered Ba province to Liang; the emperor sent General Xiao Wan and others with troops to support him. Fu Jingshao saw the Wei house falling into chaos and secretly planned to hold Nanzheng; he sent his wife's brother Tang Kunlun to stir the hill tribes into besieging the city as an inside move. The siege closed in but the plot leaked; the garrison seized Jingshao and reported to Fu Shuyan, who executed him; Shuyan died of shame and rage.
40
八月，己未，魏以太傅李延寔為司徒。 甲戌，侍中、太保楊椿致仕。
In the eighth month, on jiwei, Wei made Grand Tutor Li Yanbao Minister of Education. On jiaxu, Palace Attendant and Grand Guardian Yang Chun retired from office.
41
九月，癸巳，上幸同泰寺，設四部無遮大會。 上釋御服，持法衣，行清淨大捨，以便省為房，素床瓦器，乘小車，私人執役。 甲子，升講堂法座，為四部大眾開《涅槃經》題。 癸卯，群臣以錢一億萬祈白三寶，奉贖皇帝菩薩，僧眾默許。 乙巳，百辟詣寺東門，奉表請還臨宸極，三請，乃許。 上三答書，前後並稱「頓首」。
In the ninth month, on guisi, the emperor visited Tongtai Temple and opened a four-assembly inexhaustible dharma gathering. He set aside imperial robes, wore monastic garments, undertook a great purification renunciation, lodged in the privy chamber with a plain bed and earthenware, rode a small cart, and was served by private attendants. On jiazi, he ascended the lecture-hall dharma seat and opened the Nirvana Sutra for the four assemblies. On guimao, the hundred officials offered one hundred million cash to the Three Jewels to ransom the emperor bodhisattva; the clergy silently assented. On yisi, the hundred ranks went to the temple's east gate, thrice petitioned him to return to the throne, and only then did he consent. The emperor answered thrice in writing, each time signing with "your subject prostrates."
42
魏爾朱榮使大都督尖山侯淵討韓樓於薊，配卒甚少，騎止七百。 或以為言，榮曰：「侯淵臨機設變，是其所長； 若總大眾，未必能用。 今以此眾擊此賊，必能取之。」 淵遂廣張軍聲，多設供具，親帥數百騎深入樓境。 去薊百餘里，值賊帥陳周馬步萬餘，淵潛伏以乘其背，大破之，虜其卒五千餘人。 尋還其馬仗，縱令入城，左右諫曰：「既獲賊眾，何為復資遣之？」 淵曰：「我兵既少，不可力戰，須為奇計以離間之，乃可克也。」 淵度其已至，遂帥騎夜進，昧旦，叩其城門。 韓樓果疑降卒為淵內應，遂走； 追擒之，幽州平。 以淵為平州刺史，鎮范陽。
Erzhu Rong sent Grand Commander Marquis Yuan of Jianshan to campaign against Han Lou at Ji with very few men—only seven hundred horsemen. Some objected; Rong said, "Yuan Yuan adapts at the moment—that is his strength; give him a great host and he may not use it well. With this force against that bandit, he will surely take him. Yuan spread word of a great army, set out lavish supplies, and personally led several hundred horsemen deep into Lou's territory. A hundred li from Ji he met the bandit commander Chen Zhou with more than ten thousand foot and horse; Yuan ambushed his rear, routed him, and captured more than five thousand men. He then returned their horses and arms and let them enter the city; his officers protested, "You have captured these men—why send them back?" Yuan said, "Our troops are too few for a straight fight; we need a stratagem to divide them—that is how we win. When he judged they had entered the city, he led his horsemen forward by night and at dawn knocked on the gates. Han Lou suspected the returned prisoners were Yuan's agents inside the walls and fled; they pursued, captured him, and You province was pacified. Yuan was made inspector of Ping and garrisoned Fanyang."
43
先是，魏使征東將軍劉靈助兼尚書僕射，慰勞幽州流民於濮陽頓丘，因帥流民北還，與侯淵共滅韓樓； 仍以靈助行幽州事，加車騎將軍，又為幽、平、營、安四州行台。 -{万俟}-丑奴攻魏東秦州，拔之，殺刺史高子朗。
Earlier Wei had sent General Who Conquers the East Liu Lingzhu, concurrent Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat, to comfort You refugees at Dunqiu in Puyang; he led them north, joined Yuan, and destroyed Han Lou; then made Lingzhu govern You, added Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, and made him mobile-staff director over You, Ping, Ying, and An. Moqi Chounu attacked Wei's Eastern Qin province, took it, and killed the inspector Gao Zilang.
44
冬，十月，己酉，上又設四部無遮大會，道、俗五萬餘人。 會畢，上御金略還宮，御太極殿，大赦，改元。
In winter, the tenth month, on jiyou, the emperor again held a four-assembly inexhaustible gathering—more than fifty thousand clergy and laity. When it ended, the emperor rode the golden palanquin back to the palace, entered the Hall of Supreme Ultimate, proclaimed a great amnesty, and changed the era name.
45
魏以前司空蕭贊為司徒。
Wei made the former Minister of Works Xiao Zan Minister of Education.
46
十一月，己卯，就德興請降於魏，營州平。
In the eleventh month, on jimao, Qiudexing surrendered to Wei, and Ying province was pacified.
47
丙午，魏以城陽王徽為太保，丹楊王蕭贊為太尉，雍州刺史長孫稚為司徒。
On bingwu, Wei made Prince Hui of Chengyang Grand Guardian, Prince Zan of Danyang Grand Commandant, and Zhangsun Zhi, inspector of Yong, Minister of Education.
48
十二月，辛亥，兗州刺史張景邕、荊州刺史李靈起、雄信將軍蕭進明叛，降魏。
In the twelfth month, on xinhai, Zhang Jingyong, inspector of Yan, Li Lingqi, inspector of Jing, and the valiant-faith general Xiao Jinming rebelled and surrendered to Wei.
49
以陳慶之為北兗州刺史。 有妖賊僧強，自稱天子，土豪蔡伯龍起兵應之，眾起三萬，攻陷北徐州； 慶之討斬之。
Chen Qingzhi was made inspector of Northern Yan province. A sorcerer-monk named Qiang styled himself Son of Heaven; the local magnate Cai Bolong rose in support, and their host reached thirty thousand, storming Northern Xuzhou; Qingzhi campaigned against them and beheaded Qiang.
50
魏以岐州刺史王羆行南秦州事。 羆誘捕州境群盜，悉誅之。
Wei made Wang Pi, inspector of Qi, govern Southern Qin. Pi lured and captured the bandits of the province and executed them all.