1
資治通鑑第163卷卷第一百六十三
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 163
2
【梁紀十九】上章敦牂，一年。
[Liang Records 19] Shangzhang Dunzang—one year in all.
3
太宗簡文皇帝上大寶元年（ 庚午，公元五五零年）
Emperor Jianwen of Liang, first year of Dabao ( gengwu, AD 550)
4
春，正月，辛亥朔，大赦，改元。
In spring, the first month, on xinhai, the new moon, a general amnesty was proclaimed and the era name was changed.
5
陳霸先發始興，至大庾嶺，蔡路養將二萬人軍於南野以拒之。 路養妻侄蘭陵蕭摩訶，年十三，單騎出戰，無敢當者。 杜僧明馬被傷，陳霸先救之，授以所乘馬。 僧明上馬復戰，眾軍因而乘之。 路養大敗，脫身走。 霸先進軍南康，湘東王繹承製授霸先明威將軍、交州刺史。
Chen Baxian marched from Shixing to Dayu Ridge. Cai Luyang led twenty thousand men and encamped at Nanye to block him. Luyang's wife's nephew Xiao Mohe of Lanling was thirteen. He rode out alone to fight, and none dared face him. Du Sengming's horse was wounded. Chen Baxian pulled him clear and gave him his own mount. Sengming remounted and fought on; the whole army swept in behind him. Luyang was routed and fled for his life. Baxian advanced on Nankang. Prince Xiao Yi of Xiangdong, acting as regent, made Baxian bright might general and Jiaozhou inspector.
6
戊辰，東魏進太原公高洋位丞相、都督中外諸軍、錄尚書事、大行台、齊郡王。
On wuchen, Eastern Wei advanced Prince Gao Yang of Taiyuan to chancellor, commander of all forces inside and outside, recorder of the masters of writing, grand mobile headquarters, and prince of Qi commandery.
7
庚午，邵陵王綸至江夏，郢州刺史南平王恪郊迎，以州讓之，綸不受； 乃推綸為假黃鉞，都督中外諸軍事，承製置百官。
On gengwu, Prince Lun of Shaoling reached Jiangxia. Yingzhou inspector Prince Ke of Nanping met him in the suburbs and offered the province; Lun refused; they then made Lun acting bearer of the yellow battle-axe, commander of all military affairs inside and outside, and by regent's order he installed the hundred offices.
8
魏楊忠圍安陸，柳仲禮馳歸救之。 諸將恐仲禮至則安陸難下，請急攻之。 忠曰：「攻守勢殊，未可猝拔； 若引日勞師，表裡受敵，非計也。 南人多習水軍，不閒野戰，仲禮師在近路，吾出其不意，以奇兵襲之，彼怠我奮，一舉可克。 克仲禮，則安陸不攻自拔，諸城可傳檄定也。」 乃選騎二千，銜枚夜進，敗仲禮於崇頭，獲仲禮及其弟子禮，盡俘其眾。 馬岫以安陸，別將王叔孫以竟陵，皆降於忠。 於是漢東之地盡入於魏。
Wei general Yang Zhong besieged Anlu; Liu Zhongli galloped back to relieve it. The generals feared that once Zhongli arrived Anlu would be hard to take and urged an immediate assault. Zhong said: "Attack and defense are not the same game; the city cannot be taken in a rush; if we drag this out and weary the army, we will be caught between the city and relief—that is no plan at all. Southerners train for river war, not field battle. Zhongli is close on the road. Take him unawares with a strike force—his men tired, ours eager—and we can break him at one blow. Break Zhongli, and Anlu will fall without a siege; the rest of the cities can be settled by proclamation alone." He chose two thousand horsemen, advanced by night with gags in their mouths, routed Zhongli at Chongtou, captured Zhongli and his brother Zili, and took the whole force prisoner. Ma Xiu surrendered Anlu; detached general Wang Shusun surrendered Jingling; both submitted to Yang Zhong. Thus the lands east of the Han all fell to Wei.
9
廣陵人來嶷說前廣陵太守祖皓曰：「董紹先輕而無謀，人情不附。 襲而殺之，此壯士之任耳。 今欲糾帥義勇，奉戴府君。 若其克捷，可立桓、文之勳； 必天未悔禍，猶足為梁室忠臣。」 皓曰：「此僕所願也。」 乃相與糾合勇士，得百餘人。 癸酉，襲廣陵，斬南兗州刺史董紹先； 據城，馳檄遠近，推前太子舍人蕭勉為刺史，仍結東魏為援。 皓，□恆之之子； 勉，勃之兄也。 乙亥，景遣郭元建帥眾奄至，皓嬰城固守。
Lai Yi of Guangling said to former Guangling administrator Zu Hao: "Dong Shaoxian is frivolous and witless; no one truly follows him. Strike and kill him—that is work fit for a brave man. I mean to gather righteous volunteers and set you up as our leader. If we succeed, we may win merit like Duke Huan and Duke Wen of Qi; and even if Heaven has not yet turned from this disaster, we may still stand as loyal servants of Liang." Hao said: "That is what I desire." They gathered brave men together and mustered more than a hundred. On guiyou they raided Guangling and beheaded Southern Yanzhou inspector Dong Shaoxian; seized the city, sent proclamations far and wide, made former crown prince attendant Xiao Mian inspector, and at once sought Eastern Wei as ally. Hao was the son of □ Hengzhi; Mian was the elder brother of Xiao Bo. On yihai, Hou Jing sent Guo Yuanjian with troops in a sudden strike; Hao shut the gates and held firm.
10
二月，魏楊忠乘勝至石城，欲進逼江陵，湘東王繹遣舍人庾恪說忠曰：「察來伐叔而魏助之，何以使天下歸心！」 忠遂停湕北。 繹遣舍人王孝祀等送子方略為質以求和，魏人許之。 繹與忠盟曰：「魏以石城為封，梁以安陸為界，請同附庸，並送質子，貿遷有無，永敦鄰睦。」 忠乃還。
In the second month, Yang Zhong of Wei pressed his victory to Shicheng and meant to advance on Jiangling. Prince Xiao Yi of Xiangdong sent gentleman-attendant Yu Ke to persuade him: "Liang marched to punish a rebel uncle while Wei aids him—how will the empire ever turn its hearts to you!" Yang Zhong then halted north of the Jian. Yi sent gentleman-attendant Wang Xiaosi and others with his son Fanglue as hostage to sue for peace; Wei agreed. Yi swore alliance with Yang Zhong: "Wei shall hold Shicheng as fief, Liang shall hold Anlu as border; let us both stand as vassal states, each send a hostage son, trade what we have and lack, and keep neighborly peace forever." Yang Zhong then withdrew.
11
宕昌王梁彌定為其宗人獠甘所襲，彌定奔魏，獠甘自立。 羌酋傍乞鐵□據渠株川，與渭州民鄭五丑合諸羌以叛魏。 丞相泰使大將軍宇文貴、涼州刺史史寧討之，擒斬鐵□、五丑。 寧別擊獠甘，破之，獠甘將百騎奔生羌鞏廉玉。 寧復納彌定於宕昌，置岷州於渠株川，進擊鞏廉玉，斬獠甘，虜廉玉送長安。
Prince Liang Miding of Dangchang was attacked by his clansman Liao Gan; Miding fled to Wei and Liao Gan declared himself ruler. Qiang chieftain Pangqi Tiex□ held the Qizhu River valley and, with Zheng Wuchou of Weizhou and the Qiang tribes, rebelled against Wei. Chancellor Yuwen Tai sent grand general Yuwen Gui and Liangzhou inspector Shi Ning against them and captured and beheaded Tiex□ and Wuchou. Ning separately attacked Liao Gan and broke him. Liao Gan fled with a hundred riders to the raw Qiang chieftain Gong Lianyu. Ning restored Miding in Dangchang, established Min province on the Qizhu River, advanced on Gong Lianyu, beheaded Liao Gan, captured Lianyu, and sent him to Chang'an.
12
侯景遣任約、於慶等帥眾二萬攻諸籓。
Hou Jing sent Ren Yue, Yu Qing, and others with twenty thousand men to attack the princely domains.
13
邵陵王綸欲救河東王譽，而兵糧不足，乃致書於湘東王繹曰：「天時地利，不及人和，況乎手足肱支，豈可相害！ 今社稷危恥，創巨痛深，唯應剖心嘗膽，泣血枕戈，其餘小忿，或宜容貰。 若外難未除，家禍仍構，料今訪古，未或不亡。 夫征戰之理，唯求克勝； 至於骨肉之戰，愈勝愈酷，捷則非功，敗則有喪，勞兵損義，虧失多矣。 侯景之軍所以未窺江外者，良為籓屏盤固，宗鎮強密。 弟若陷洞庭，不戢兵刃，雍州疑迫，何以自安，必引進魏軍以求形援。 弟若不安，家國去矣。 必希解湘州之圍，存社稷之計。」 繹復書，陳譽過惡不赦，且曰：「察引楊忠來相侵逼，頗遵談笑，用卻秦軍，曲直有在，不復自陳。 臨湘旦平，暮便即路。」 綸得書，投之於案，慷慨流涕曰「天下之事，一至於斯！ 湘州若敗，吾亡無日矣！」
Prince Lun of Shaoling wished to rescue Prince Yu of Hedong but lacked troops and grain. He wrote Prince Xiao Yi of Xiangdong: "Heaven's season and earth's advantage mean less than human harmony—how much less may the arms and legs of one body tear at each other! The altars stand in peril and shame; the wound is vast and the pain runs deep. We should split our hearts and taste gall, weep blood and sleep on our spears. Other small resentments may sometimes be set aside. If outer enemies remain and kin still turn on kin, I reckon that from today back through antiquity, none have failed to perish. In war one seeks only victory; but in war between kin, the more you win the crueller it grows. Triumph brings no merit, defeat brings mourning; troops are worn down, righteousness is harmed, and the losses mount. Hou Jing's army has not yet peered beyond the river precisely because the princely screens stand firm and the clan garrisons are strong and close. If you take Dongting and do not sheathe your blades, Yong province will be pressed with doubt—how will you keep yourself safe? You will surely bring in Wei troops to seek visible aid. If you are not secure, house and state are gone. I earnestly beg you to lift the siege of Xiang province and preserve the altars." Xiao Yi replied, listing Yu's crimes as beyond pardon, and wrote: "You brought Yang Zhong to invade and press us. I followed the talk and sent the Qin army back—right and wrong are clear; I need not argue further. Linxiang will fall by morning; by evening I shall be on the road." Lun read the letter, threw it on the table, and wept: "Affairs under Heaven have come to this! If Xiang province falls, my days are numbered!"
14
侯景遣侯子鑒帥舟師八千，自帥徒兵一萬，攻廣陵，三日，克之，執祖皓，縛而射之，箭遍體，然後車裂以徇； 城中無少長皆埋之於地，馳馬射而殺之。 以子鑒為南兗州刺史，鎮廣陵。 景還建康。
Hou Jing sent Hou Zijian with eight thousand river troops and himself led ten thousand foot soldiers against Guangling. In three days the city fell. He seized Zu Hao, bound him, shot him until arrows covered his body, then quartered him by chariot as warning; within the city none young or old were spared—they were buried in pits and horsemen galloped over them, shooting them down. He made Zijian Southern Yanzhou inspector and garrisoned him at Guangling. Hou Jing returned to Jiankang.
15
丙戌，以安陸王大春為東揚州刺史。 省吳州。 乙巳，以尚書僕射王克為左僕射。
On bingxu, Prince Dachun of Anlu was made Eastern Yangzhou inspector. Wu province was abolished. On yisi, vice minister of the masters of writing Wang Ke was made left vice minister.
16
庚寅，東魏以尚書令高隆之為太保。 宣城內史楊白華進據安吳，侯景遣於子悅等帥眾攻之，不克。
On gengyin, Eastern Wei made minister of the masters of writing Gao Longzhi grand guardian. Xuancheng interior secretary Yang Baihua advanced and held Anwu. Hou Jing sent Yu Ziyue and others against him but could not take it.
17
東魏行台辛術將兵入寇，圍陽平，不克。
Eastern Wei mobile headquarters commander Xin Shu invaded, besieged Yangping, and could not take it.
18
侯景納上女溧陽公主，甚愛之。 三月，甲申，景請上禊宴於樂游苑，帳飲三日。 上還宮，景與公主共據御床，南面並坐，群臣文武列坐侍宴。
Hou Jing married the emperor's daughter, the Princess of Liyang, and doted on her. In the third month, on jiashen, Hou Jing invited the emperor to a spring purification feast in Leyou Garden; they drank under tents for three days. When the emperor returned to the palace, Hou Jing and the princess shared the imperial couch, sat facing south side by side, while civil and military officials arrayed themselves to attend the feast.
19
庚申，東魏進丞相洋爵為齊王。
On gengshen, Eastern Wei advanced Chancellor Gao Yang's rank to prince of Qi.
20
臨川內史始興王毅等擊莊鐵，鄱陽王范遣其將巴西侯瑱救之，毅等敗死。
Linchuan interior secretary Prince Yi of Shixing and others attacked Zhuang Tie. Prince Fan of Poyang sent his general Hou Zhen of Baxi to rescue him. Yi and the rest were defeated and killed.
21
鄱陽世子嗣與任約戰於三章，約敗走； 嗣因徙鎮三章，謂之安樂柵。
Poyang heir Si fought Ren Yue at Sanzhang. Yue was beaten and fled; Si then moved his camp to Sanzhang and called it Anle Palisade.
22
夏，四月，庚辰朔，湘東王繹以上甲侯韶為長沙王。
In summer, the fourth month, on gengchen, the new moon, Prince Xiao Yi of Xiangdong made senior armorer Hou Shao prince of Changsha.
23
丙午，侯景請上幸西州，上御素輦，侍衛四百餘人，景浴鐵數千，翼衛左右。 上聞絲竹，淒然泣下，命景起舞，景亦請上起舞。 酒闌坐散，上抱景於床曰：「我念丞相！」 景曰：「陛下如不念臣，臣何得至此！」 逮夜乃罷。
On bingwu, Hou Jing asked the emperor to visit Xizhou. The emperor rode a plain carriage with more than four hundred guards; Hou Jing had several thousand armored men flanking him left and right. The emperor heard music and wept. He ordered Hou Jing to dance; Hou Jing asked the emperor to dance as well. When the wine was spent and the guests dispersed, the emperor embraced Hou Jing on the couch and said: "I miss the Chancellor!" Hou Jing said: "If Your Majesty did not miss me, how could I have come to this!" Only at night did it end.
24
時江南連年旱蝗，江、揚尤甚，百姓流亡，相與入山谷、江湖，采草根、木葉、菱芡而食之，所在皆盡，死者蔽野。 富室無食，皆鳥面鵠形，衣羅綺，懷金玉，俯伏床帷，待命聽終。 千里絕煙，人跡罕見，白骨成聚，如丘隴焉。
The south of the Yang had suffered drought and locusts for years; Jiang and Yang were worst hit. People fled into valleys and along rivers and lakes, eating grass roots, leaves, water chestnuts, and gorgon seeds until nothing remained; the dead covered the countryside. Even rich households went hungry. Men were gaunt as birds and storks, still dressed in gauze and silk, gold and jade at their belts, lying by their bed curtains waiting for death. For a thousand li no smoke rose and human tracks were rare; white bones lay heaped like hills.
25
景性殘酷，於石頭立大碓，有犯法者搗殺之。 常戒諸將曰：「破柵平城，當淨殺之，使天下知吾威名。」 故諸將每戰勝，專以焚掠為事，斬刈人如草芥，以資戲笑。 由是百姓雖死，終不附之。 又禁人偶語，犯者刑及外族。 為其將帥者，悉稱行台，來降附者，悉稱開府，其親寄隆重者曰左右廂公，勇力兼人者曰庫直都督。
Hou Jing was cruel by nature. At Shitou he set up a great pestle and killed lawbreakers by pounding them to death. He often warned his generals: "When you break palisades and level cities, kill them clean, so all under Heaven knows my dread name." So whenever his generals won they devoted themselves to burning and plunder, cutting men like grass for sport and laughter. Because of this, though the people died in masses, in the end they would not follow him. He also forbade people to speak in pairs; offenders' kin were punished as well. His generals all called themselves mobile headquarters; those who submitted called themselves independent staff; those he trusted most were left and right wing lords; men of matchless strength were armory direct commanders.
26
魏封皇子儒為燕王，公為吳王。
Wei enfeoffed imperial prince Ru as prince of Yan and Gong as prince of Wu.
27
侯景召宋子仙還京口。
Hou Jing summoned Song Zixian back to Jingkou.
28
邵陵王綸在郢州，以聽事為正陽殿，內外齋閣，悉加題署。 其部下陵暴軍府，郢州將佐莫不怨之。 咨議參軍江仲舉，南平王恪之謀主也，說恪圖綸，恪驚曰：「若我殺邵陵，寧靜一鎮，荊、益兄弟必皆內喜，海內若平，則以大義責我矣。 且巨逆未梟，骨肉相殘，自亡之道也。 卿且息之。」 仲舉不從，部分諸將，刻日將發； 謀洩，綸壓殺之。 恪狼狽往謝，綸曰：「群小所作，非由兄也。 凶黨已斃，兄勿深憂。」
Prince Lun of Shaoling was at Ying province. He turned the audience hall into Zhengyang Palace and labeled every inner and outer fasting pavilion. His men bullied the army headquarters; every officer in Ying province resented it. Advisory staff officer Jiang Zhongju, chief strategist of Prince Ke of Nanping, urged Ke to plot against Lun. Ke said in alarm: "If I kill the Prince of Shaoling I may quiet one province, but the princes of Jing and Yi will rejoice inwardly; if the realm is pacified they will rebuke me in the name of righteousness. Moreover the great rebel is not yet slain—kin slaughtering kin is the road to ruin. Stop this for now." Zhongju would not listen. He assigned the generals and set a day to strike; the plot leaked and Lun crushed and killed him. Ke went in distress to apologize. Lun said: "Petty men did this—not through your doing, elder brother. The plotters are dead. Do not grieve, elder brother."
29
王僧辯急攻長沙，辛巳，克之。 執河東王譽，斬之，傳首江陵，湘東王繹反其首而葬之。 初，世子方等之死，臨蒸周鐵虎功最多，譽委遇甚重。 僧辯得鐵虎，命烹之，呼曰：「侯景未滅，奈何殺壯士！」 僧辯奇其言而釋之，還其麾下。 繹以僧辯為左衛將軍，加侍中、鎮西長史。
Wang Senbian pressed the attack on Changsha. On xinsi he took it. He seized Prince Yu of Hedong, beheaded him, and sent the head to Jiangling. Prince Xiao Yi of Xiangdong returned the head and buried it. Earlier, when heir Fangdeng died, Zhou Tiehu of Linzheng had done the most. Yu trusted and favored him greatly. Senbian captured Tiehu and ordered him boiled. Tiehu cried: "Hou Jing is not yet destroyed—how can you kill a brave man!" Senbian marveled at his words, released him, and returned him to his command. Yi made Senbian left guard general, added palace attendant and western garrison chief clerk.
30
繹自去歲聞高祖之喪，以長沙未下，故匿之。 壬寅，始發喪，刻檀為高祖像，置於百福殿，事之甚謹，動靜必咨焉。 繹以為天子制於賊臣，不肯從大寶之號，猶稱太清四年。 丙午，繹下令大舉討侯景，移檄遠近。
Yi himself, since learning of Emperor Wu's death the year before, had concealed the news because Changsha had not yet fallen. On renyin he at last announced the mourning, carved a sandalwood image of Emperor Wu, placed it in Baifu Hall, and served it with such reverence that in every move he consulted it. Yi held that the Son of Heaven was controlled by rebel ministers and would not adopt the Dabao era name, still calling it the fourth year of Taiqing. On bingwu, Yi ordered a great campaign against Hou Jing and sent proclamations far and near.
31
鄱陽王范至湓城，以晉熙為晉州，遣其世子嗣為刺史，江州郡縣多輒改易。 尋陽王大心，政令所行，不出一郡。 大心遣兵擊莊鐵，嗣與鐵素善，請發兵救之，范遣侯瑱帥精甲五千助鐵。 由是二鎮互相猜忌，無復討賊之志。 大心使徐嗣徽帥眾二千，築壘稽亭以備范，市糴不通，范數萬之眾，無所得食，多餓死。 范憤恚，疽發於背，五月，乙卯，卒。 其眾秘不發喪，奉范弟安南侯恬為主，有眾數千人。
Prince Fan of Poyang reached Pencheng, made Jinxi into Jin province, and sent his heir Si as inspector; many Jiangzhou counties were changed at will. Prince Daxin of Xunyang—his orders reached no farther than one commandery. Daxin sent troops against Zhuang Tie. Si and Tie had long been friends and asked for rescue; Fan sent Hou Zhen with five thousand elite armored men to aid Tie. From this the two garrisons grew mutually suspicious and lost all will to fight the rebels. Daxin had Xu Sihui lead two thousand men to build a fort at Jiting against Fan. Grain could not reach the markets; Fan's army of tens of thousands found no food and many starved. Fan, furious and resentful, developed a carbuncle on his back. In the fifth month, on yimao, he died. His troops kept the death secret and made Fan's younger brother Marquis Tian of Annan their leader, with several thousand men.
32
丙辰，侯景以元思虔為東道大行台，鎮錢塘。 丁巳，以侯子鑒為南兗州刺史。
On bingchen, Hou Jing made Yuan Siqian eastern route grand mobile headquarters and garrisoned him at Qiantang. On dingsi, he made Hou Zijian Southern Yanzhou inspector.
33
東魏齊王洋之為開府也，勃海高德政為管記，由是親暱，言無不盡。 金紫光祿大夫丹楊徐之才、北平太守廣宗宋景業，皆善圖讖，以為太歲在午，當有革命，因德政以白洋，勸之受禪。 洋以告婁太妃，太妃曰：「汝父如龍，兄如虎，猶以天位不可妄據，終身北面。 汝獨何人，欲行舜、禹之事乎！」 洋以告之才，之才曰：「正為不及父兄，故宜早升尊位耳。」 洋鑄像卜之而成，乃使開府儀同三司段韶問肆州刺史斛律金，金來見洋，固言不可，以宋景業首陳符命，請殺之。 洋與諸貴議於太妃前，太妃曰：「吾兒懦直，必無此心，高德政樂禍，教之耳。」 洋以人心不壹，使高德政如鄴察公卿之意，未還； 洋擁兵而東，至平都城，召諸勳貴議之，莫敢對。 長史杜弼曰：「關西，國之勁敵，若受魏禪，恐彼挾天子，自稱義兵而東向，王何以待之！」 徐之才曰：「今與王爭天下者，彼亦欲為王所為。 縱其屈強，不過隨我稱帝耳。」 弼無以應。 高德政至鄴，諷公卿，莫有應者。 司馬子如逆洋於遼陽，固言未可。 洋欲還，倉丞李集曰：「王來為何事，而今欲還？」 洋偽使於東門殺之，而別令賜絹十匹，遂還晉陽，自是居常不悅。 徐之才、宋景業等日陳陰陽雜占，雲宜早受命。 高德政亦敦勸不已。 洋使術士李密卜之，遇《大橫》，曰：「漢文之卦也。」 又使宋景業筮之，遇《乾》之《鼎》，曰：「《乾》，君也。 《鼎》，五月卦也。 宜以仲夏受禪。」 或曰：「五月不可入官，犯之，終於其位。」 景業曰：「王為天子，無復下期，豈得不終於其位乎！」 洋大悅，乃發晉陽。
When Gao Yang, prince of Qi in Eastern Wei, opened an independent staff, Gao Dezheng of Bohai was his chief clerk; from this they were intimate and spoke without reserve. Grand master of splendid brightness Xu Zhicai of Danyang and Beiping administrator Song Jingye of Guangzong were both skilled in prognostic texts. They held that with the Grand Year in wu there must be revolution; through Dezheng they told Yang and urged him to accept the throne. Yang told Grand Consort Lou. She said: "Your father was like a dragon, your brother like a tiger, yet they held that Heaven's throne must not be seized rashly and faced north all their lives. Who are you, that you wish to do what Shun and Yu did!" Yang told Zhicai. Zhicai said: "It is precisely because you do not match your father and brother that you should ascend the throne early." Yang cast an image and divined successfully. He sent equal in honor to the three dukes Duan Shao to ask Sizhou inspector Hulu Jin. Jin came, firmly opposed the plan, named Song Jingye as first to proclaim the mandate, and asked to kill him. Yang discussed with the nobles before the Grand Consort. She said: "My son is timid and straight; he surely has no such heart. Gao Dezheng delights in disaster and taught him." Because hearts were not united, Yang sent Gao Dezheng to Ye to sound out the dukes and ministers. He had not returned; Yang led troops east to Pingdu city, summoned the meritorious nobles to discuss it, and none dared answer. Chief clerk Du Bi said: "Guanxi is the state's fierce enemy. If you accept Wei's abdication, I fear they will hold the Son of Heaven, call themselves a righteous army, and march east—how will you meet them!" Xu Zhicai said: "Those who contend with you for the realm today also wish to do what you do. Even if they are stubborn, at most they will follow us in calling themselves emperor." Bi had nothing to answer. Gao Dezheng reached Ye and sounded out the dukes and ministers; none responded. Sima Ziru met Yang at Liaoyang and firmly said it could not yet be done. Yang wished to return. Warehouse clerk Li Ji said: "My lord came for what affair, and now wishes to return?" Yang had him killed at the east gate on a pretext, then separately ordered ten bolts of silk given as gift. He returned to Jinyang and from then on was usually unhappy. Xu Zhicai, Song Jingye, and others daily urged yin-yang divinations, saying he should receive the mandate early. Gao Dezheng also pressed him without cease. Yang had diviner Li Mi cast the hexagrams. He met Great Horizontal and said: "It is Emperor Wen of Han's hexagram." He again had Song Jingye perform milfoil divination. He met Qian changing to Ding and said: "Qian is the ruler. Ding is the fifth-month hexagram. You should receive the abdication in midsummer." Someone said: "The fifth month is not fit to enter office; violate that taboo and you will end in your post." Jingye said: "When you are Son of Heaven there is no next term—how can you not end in your post!" Yang was greatly pleased and set out from Jinyang.
34
高德政錄在鄴諸事，條進於洋，洋令左右陳山提馳驛繼事條並密書與楊愔。 是月，山提至鄴，楊愔即召太常卿邢劭等議撰儀注，秘書監魏收草九錫、禪讓、勸進諸文； 引魏宗室諸王入北宮，留於東齋。 甲寅，東魏進洋位相國，總百揆，備九錫。 洋行至前亭，所乘馬忽倒，意甚惡之。 至平都城，不復肯進。 高德政、徐之才苦請曰：「山提先去，恐其漏洩。」 即命司馬子如、杜弼馳驛續入，觀察物情。 子如等至鄴，眾人以事勢已決，無敢異言。 洋至鄴，召夫繼築具集城南。 高隆之請曰：「用此何為？」 洋作色曰：「我自有事，君何問為！ 欲族滅邪！」 隆之謝而退。 於是作圜丘，備法物。
Gao Dezheng recorded all affairs at Ye and submitted them item by item to Yang. Yang ordered his attendant Chen Shanti to gallop post-horses with the continued lists and a secret letter to Yang Yin. That month Shanti reached Ye. Yang Yin at once summoned minister of ceremonies Xing Shao and others to draft ritual protocols; secretariat director Wei Shou drafted the texts for the nine bestowals, abdication, and urging to advance; he brought the Wei imperial princes into the Northern Palace and detained them in the Eastern Study. On jiayin, Eastern Wei advanced Yang to chancellor, overall director of the hundred affairs, with the full nine bestowals. As Yang traveled he reached Front Pavilion. His horse suddenly fell and he took it as a very ill omen. Reaching Pingdu city, he would advance no farther. Gao Dezheng and Xu Zhicai urgently pleaded: "Shanti went ahead first—we fear he will leak the secret." He at once ordered Sima Ziru and Du Bi to gallop post-horses after them to observe how affairs stood. When Ziru and the rest reached Ye, seeing the matter already decided, the crowd dared no dissenting word. When Yang reached Ye, he summoned laborers to continue building the ritual implements gathered south of the city. Gao Longzhi asked: "What is this for?" Yang changed color and said: "I have my own affair—why do you ask! Do you wish your clan destroyed!" Longzhi apologized and withdrew. Thereupon they made the Round Mound Altar and prepared ritual implements.
35
丙辰，司空潘樂、侍中張亮、黃門郎趙彥深等求入啟事，東魏孝靜帝在昭陽殿見之。 亮曰：「五行遞運，有始有終。 齊王聖德欽明，萬方歸仰，願陛下遠法堯、舜。」 帝斂容曰：「此事推挹已久，謹當遜避。」 又曰：「若爾，須作制書。」 中書郎崔劼、裴讓之曰：「制已作訖。」 使侍中楊愔進之。 東魏主既署，曰：「居朕何所？」 愔對曰：「北城別有館宇。」 乃下御坐，步就東廊，詠范蔚宗《後漢書‧贊》曰：「獻坐不辰，身播國屯，終我四百，永作虞賓。」 所司請發，帝曰：「古人念遺簪弊履，朕欲與六宮別，可乎？」 高隆之曰：「今日天下猶陛下之天下，況在六宮！」 帝步入，與妃嬪已下別，舉宮皆哭。 趙國李嬪誦陳思王詩云：「王其愛玉體，俱享黃發期。」 直長趙道德以故犢車一乘候於東閣，帝登車，道德超上抱之，帝叱之曰：「朕自畏天順人，何物奴敢逼人如此！」 道德猶不下。 出雲龍門，王公百僚拜辭，高隆之灑泣。 遂入北城，居司馬子如南宅，遣太尉彭城王韶等奉璽綬，禪位於齊。
On bingchen, minister of works Pan Yue, attendant-in-ordinary Zhang Liang, yellow gate gentleman Zhao Yanshen, and others asked to enter with reports. Eastern Wei's Emperor Xiaojing received them in Zhaoyang Hall. Liang said: "The Five Phases pass in turn; there is beginning and there is end. The prince of Qi's sacred virtue is revered and bright; the ten thousand regions turn to him—may Your Majesty follow Yao and Shun from afar." The emperor composed his face and said: "This matter has been deferred long; I shall respectfully yield and withdraw." He also said: "If so, an imperial order must be drafted." Secretariat gentlemen Cui Jie and Pei Rangzhi said: "The order is already drafted." He had attendant-in-ordinary Yang Yin present it. After the Eastern Wei ruler had signed, he said: "Where shall I dwell?" Yin answered: "The northern city has separate lodgings." He descended the imperial seat, walked to the eastern corridor, and recited Fan Ye's praise in the Book of Later Han: "The offered emperor sat out of season, his person cast about in the state's hardship; he ended our four hundred years, forever to be the guest of Yu." The responsible office asked to depart. The emperor said: "The ancients treasured even lost hairpins and worn shoes—may I take leave of the six palaces?" Gao Longzhi said: "Today the realm is still Your Majesty's realm—how much more the six palaces!" The emperor walked in and took leave of consorts and attendants; the whole palace wept. Lady Li of Zhao recited Prince Si of Chen's poem: "My lord, cherish your jade body and together enjoy the years of gray hair." Direct attendant Zhao Daode waited at the eastern gate with one old ox-cart. The emperor mounted; Daode sprang up and embraced him. The emperor shouted: "I myself fear Heaven and follow the people—what low slave dares press a man like this!" Daode still would not descend. He went out through Cloud Dragon Gate. Princes, dukes, and the hundred officials bowed in farewell. Gao Longzhi wept freely. He entered the northern city, dwelt in Sima Ziru's southern residence, and sent grand commandant Prince Shao of Pengcheng and others to present seal and sash and abdicate the throne to Qi.
36
戊午，齊王即皇帝位於南郊，大赦，改元天保。 自魏敬宗以來，百官絕祿，至是始復給之。 己未，封東魏主為中山王，待以不臣之禮。 追尊齊獻武王為獻武皇帝，廟號太祖，後改為高祖； 文襄王為文襄皇帝，廟號世宗。 辛酉，尊王太后婁氏為皇太后。 乙丑，降魏朝封爵有差，其宣力霸朝及西、南投化者，不在降限。
On wuwu, the prince of Qi took the imperial throne at the southern suburb, proclaimed a general amnesty, and changed the era name to Tianbao. Since Emperor Jingzong of Wei, officials had received no salaries; only now were they restored. On jiwei, he enfeoffed the Eastern Wei ruler as prince of Zhongshan and treated him with the ceremony due one who is not a subject. He posthumously honored Prince Xianwu of Qi as Emperor Xianwu, temple name Taizu, later changed to Gaozu; Prince Wenxiang as Emperor Wenxiang, temple name Shizong. On xinyou, he honored Grand Consort Lou as empress dowager. On yichou, he reduced Wei-dynasty enfeoffments and ranks by degrees; those who had served the hegemon court and those who had submitted from west and south were exempt.
37
文成侯寧起兵於吳，有眾萬人，己巳，進攻吳郡； 行吳郡事侯子榮逆擊，殺之。 寧，范之弟也。 子榮因縱兵大掠郡境。
Marquis Ning of Wencheng raised troops in Wu with ten thousand men. On jisi he advanced to attack Wu commandery; Acting Wu administrator Hou Zirong struck back and killed him. Ning was Fan's younger brother. Zirong then let his troops plunder the whole commandery.
38
自晉氏度江，三吳最為富庶，貢賦商旅，皆出其地。 及侯景之亂，掠金帛既盡，乃掠人而食之，或賣於北境，遺民殆盡矣。
Since the Jin house crossed the river, the Three Wu had been richest; tribute, taxes, and merchants all flowed from that land. When Hou Jing's rebellion came, after gold and silk were stripped bare they plundered men for food, or sold them to the northern borders; survivors were nearly gone.
39
是時，唯荊、益所部尚完實，太尉、益州刺史武陵王紀移告征、鎮，使世子圓照帥兵三萬受湘東王節度。 圓照軍至巴水，繹授以信州刺史，令屯白帝，未許東下。
At this time only the domains of Jing and Yi remained intact. Grand commandant and Yizhou inspector Prince Ji of Wuling sent notice to the campaign armies and garrisons, ordering his heir Yuanzhao to lead thirty thousand men under Prince Xiao Yi of Xiangdong. Yuanzhao's army reached the Bashui. Yi made him Xinzhou inspector, ordered him to camp at Baidi, and would not let him march east.
40
六月，辛巳，以南郡王大連行揚州事。
In the sixth month, on xinsi, Prince Dalian of Nan commandery was made acting Yangzhou affairs.
41
江夏王大款、山陽王大成、宜都王大封自信安間道奔江陵。
Prince Dakuan of Jiangxia, Prince Dacheng of Shanyang, and Prince Dafeng of Yidu fled from Xin'an by hidden paths to Jiangling.
42
齊主封宗室高岳等十人、功臣庫狄乾等七人皆為王。 癸未，封弟浚為永安王，淹為平陽王，浟為彭城王，演為常山王，渙為上黨王，淯為襄城王，湛為長廣王，湝為任城王，湜為高陽王，濟為博陵王，凝為新平王，潤為馮翊王，洽為漢陽王。
The Qi ruler enfeoffed ten clansmen including Gao Yue and seven meritorious ministers including Kudi Gan as kings. On guiwei, he enfeoffed his younger brothers: Jun as prince of Yong'an, Yan as prince of Pingyang, You as prince of Pengcheng, Yan as prince of Changshan, Huan as prince of Shangdang, Yu as prince of Xiangcheng, Zhan as prince of Changgang, Jie as prince of Rencheng, Shi as prince of Gaoyang, Ji as prince of Boling, Ning as prince of Xinping, Run as prince of Fengyi, and Qia as prince of Hanyang.
43
鄱陽王范既卒，侯瑱依莊鐵，鐵忌之； 瑱自安，丙戌，詐引鐵謀事，因殺之，自據豫章。
After Prince Fan of Poyang died, Hou Zhen relied on Zhuang Tie; Tie resented him; Zhen felt secure; on bingxu, he lured Zhuang Tie under pretense of counsel and killed him, then seized Yuzhang for himself.
44
尋陽王大心遣徐嗣徽夜襲湓城，安南侯恬、裴之橫等擊走之。 齊主娶趙郡李希宗之女，生子殷及紹德； 又納段韶之妹。 及將建中宮，高隆之、高德政欲結勳貴之援，乃言：「漢婦人不可為天下母，宜更擇美配。」 帝不從。 丁亥，立李氏為皇后，以段氏為昭儀，子殷為皇太子。 庚寅，以庫狄干為太宰，彭樂為太尉，潘相樂為司徒，司馬子如為司空。 辛卯，以清河王岳為司州牧。
Prince Daxin of Xunyang sent Xu Sihui in a night raid on Pencheng; Marquis Tian of Annan, Pei Zhiheng, and others struck and drove him off. The Qi emperor married the daughter of Li Xizong of Zhao commandery and had sons Yin and Shaode. He also took Duan Shao's younger sister as consort. When he was about to name an empress, Gao Longzhi and Gao Dezheng, seeking allies among the meritorious nobility, said, "A Han woman cannot be mother to the realm—a finer match should be chosen." The emperor would not heed them. On dinghai, he made Lady Li empress, Lady Duan a Lady of Bright Deportment, and son Yin crown prince. On gengyin, he made Kudi Gan Grand Preceptor, Peng Yue Grand Commandant, Pan Xiangle Minister of Works, and Sima Ziru Minister of the Masses. On xinmao, he made Prince Yue of Qinghe Governor of Sizhou.
45
侯景以羊鴉仁為五兵尚書。 庚子，鴉仁出奔江西，將赴江陵，至東莞，盜疑其懷金，邀殺之。
Hou Jing made Yang Yaren Minister of the Five Arms. On gengzi, Yaren fled west of the river toward Jiangling; at Dongguan, bandits suspected he carried gold and waylaid and killed him.
46
魏人欲令岳陽王察發哀嗣位，察辭，不受。 丞相泰使榮權冊命察為梁王，始建台，置百官。
The Western Wei court wished Prince Cha of Yueyang to proclaim mourning and succeed to the throne; Cha declined. Chancellor Yuwen Tai sent Rong Quan with patent and mandate to enfeoff Cha as Prince of Liang; Cha first raised a headquarters and established the hundred offices.
47
陳霸先修崎頭古城，徙居之。
Chen Baxian repaired the old city at Qitou and moved his seat there.
48
初，燕昭成帝奔高麗，使其族人馮業以三百人浮海奔宋，因留新會。 自業至孫融，世為羅州刺史，融子寶為高涼太守。 高涼洗氏，世為蠻酋，部落十餘萬家，有女，多籌略，善用兵，諸洞皆服其信義； 融聘以為寶婦。 融雖累世為方伯，非其土人，號令不行； 洗氏約束本宗，使從民禮，每與寶參決辭訟，首領有犯，雖親戚無所縱捨，由是馮氏始得行其政。
Earlier, Emperor Zhaocheng of Yan fled to Goguryeo and sent his clansman Feng Ye with three hundred men across the sea to Song territory; they settled at Xinhui. From Ye down to grandson Rong, the line held Luozhou generation after generation; Rong's son Bao was administrator of Gaoliang. The Xi of Gaoliang had for generations been chieftains among the hill peoples, with more than a hundred thousand households in their tribes; they had a daughter of keen stratagem who excelled at arms, and every cave settlement trusted her word. Rong betrothed her to Bao as his wife. Though Rong had for generations been a frontier lord, he was not native to the land and his orders did not take effect. Lady Xi restrained her own clan, made them follow civil law, joined Bao in judging lawsuits, and when chieftains offended showed no lenience even to kin—only then could the Feng line enforce its rule.
49
高州刺史李遷仕據大皋口，遣使召寶，寶欲往，洗氏止之曰：「刺史無故不應召太守，必欲詐君共反耳。」 寶曰：「何以知之？」 洗氏曰：「刺史被召援台，乃稱有疾，鑄兵聚眾而後召君； 此必欲質君以發君之兵也，願且無往以觀其變。」 數日，遷仕果反，遣主帥杜平虜將兵入灨石，城魚梁以逼南康，陳霸先使周文育擊之。 洗氏謂寶曰：「平虜，驍將也，今入贛石與官軍相拒，勢未得還，遷仕在州，無能為也。 君若自往，必有戰鬥，宜遣使卑辭厚禮告之曰：『身未敢出，欲遣婦參。』 彼聞之，必喜而無備。 我將千餘人，步擔雜物，唱言輸賧，得至柵下，破之必矣。」 寶從之。 遷仕果不設備，洗氏襲擊，大破之，遷仕走保寧都。 文育亦擊走平虜，據其城。 洗氏與霸先會於灨石，還，謂寶曰：「陳都督非常人也，甚得眾心，必能平賊，君宜厚資之。」
Gaozhou inspector Li Qianshi held Dagao Pass and summoned Bao; Bao wished to go; Lady Xi stopped him: "An inspector should not summon an administrator without cause—he surely means to trick you into rebellion with him." Bao said, "How do you know?" Lady Xi said, "The inspector was summoned to aid the capital yet claims illness, casts weapons and gathers troops, and only then summons you. He surely means to hold you hostage to raise your troops; do not go yet—watch how matters turn." Within days Qianshi rebelled, sent commander Du Pinglu into Ganshi, walled Yuliang to press Nankang; Chen Baxian sent Zhou Wenyu against him. Lady Xi told Bao, "Pinglu is a fierce general; now he is locked in Ganshi against the government army and cannot soon return—Qianshi in the province is helpless. If you go yourself there will surely be battle; better send envoys with humble words and rich gifts, saying, 'I dare not come myself and wish to send my wife to attend.' When he hears that he will be pleased and drop his guard. I shall take more than a thousand men on foot with bundled goods, proclaiming tribute delivery; once we reach the palisade we shall break them." Bao followed her plan. Qianshi left himself unguarded; Lady Xi struck by surprise and routed him; Qianshi fled to hold Ningdu. Wenyu also drove off Pinglu and seized his city. Lady Xi met Baxian at Ganshi; returning, she told Bao, "Commander Chen is no ordinary man; he wins men's hearts and will quell the rebels—you should support him generously."
50
湘東王繹以霸先為豫州刺史，領豫章內史。
Prince Xiao Yi of Xiangdong made Baxian Inspector of Yuzhou and concurrent Administrator of Yuzhang.
51
辛丑，裴之橫攻稽亭，徐嗣徽擊走之。
On xinchou, Pei Zhiheng attacked Jiting; Xu Sihui struck and drove him off.
52
秋，七月，辛亥，齊立世宗妃元氏為文襄皇后，宮曰靜德。 又封世宗子孝琬為河間王，孝瑜為河南王。 乙卯，以尚書令封隆之錄尚書事，尚書左僕射平陽王淹為尚書令。
In autumn, the seventh month, on xinhai, Qi established Shizong's consort of the Yuan clan as Empress Wenxiang, with palace name Jingde. He also enfeoffed Shizong's sons Xiaowan as Prince of Hejian and Xiaoyu as Prince of Henan. On yimao, he made Minister of Works Feng Longzhi Recorder of the Affairs of the Masters of Writing and Left Vice Minister Prince Yan of Pingyang Minister of Works.
53
辛酉，梁王察入朝於魏。
On xinyou, Prince of Liang Cha entered court at the Wei capital.
54
初，東魏遣儀同武威牒雲洛等迎鄱陽世子嗣，使鎮皖城。 嗣未及行，任約軍至，洛等引去； 嗣遂失援，出戰，敗死。 約遂略地至湓城，尋陽王大心遣司馬韋質出戰而敗，帳下猶有戰士千餘人，鹹勸大心走保建州； 大心不能用，戊辰，以江州降約。 先是，大心使前太子洗馬韋臧鎮建昌，有甲士五千，聞尋陽不守，欲帥眾奔江陵，未發，為麾下所殺。 臧，粲之子也。
Earlier, Eastern Wei sent Dieyun Luo of Wuwei, Equal in Honor to the Three Dukes, and others to welcome Poyang heir Si and station him at Wancheng. Si had not yet set out when Ren Yue's army arrived; Luo and the others withdrew. Si thus lost support, went out to battle, was defeated, and died. Yue then raided as far as Pencheng; Prince Daxin of Xunyang sent chief administrator Wei Zhi out to fight and was defeated; more than a thousand warriors still stood under his tent, and all urged Daxin to flee and hold Jianzhou. Daxin would not listen; on wuchen he surrendered Jiangzhou to Yue. Earlier, Daxin had sent former crown prince attendant Wei Zang to garrison Jianchang with five thousand armored men; hearing Xunyang had fallen, he wished to lead his force to Jiangling; before he could march, his own men killed him. Zang was Can's son.
55
於慶略地至豫章，侯瑱屈，降之，慶送瑱建康。 景以瑱姓，待之甚厚，留其妻子及弟為質，遣瑱慶徇蠡南諸郡，以瑱湘州刺史。
Yu Qing raided as far as Yuzhang; Hou Zhen submitted; Qing sent Zhen to Jiankang. Hou Jing, because of Zhen's surname, treated him generously, kept his wife, children, and younger brother as hostages, sent Zhen with Qing to overrun the southern counties of Li, and made Zhen Inspector of Xiangzhou.
56
初，巴山人黃法□，有勇力，侯景之亂，合徒眾保鄉里。 太守賀詡下江州，命法□監郡事。 法□屯新淦，於慶自豫章分兵襲新水金，法□敗之。 陳霸先使周文育進軍擊慶，法□引兵會之。
Earlier, Huang Fa□ of Bashan, brave and strong, during Hou Jing's rebellion gathered followers to protect his home district. Administrator He Xu went down to Jiangzhou and ordered Fa□ to oversee commandery affairs. Fa□ encamped at Xingan; Yu Qing from Yuzhang divided his force to raid Xinshuijin; Fa□ defeated him. Chen Baxian sent Zhou Wenyu to strike Qing; Fa□ led troops to join him.
57
邵陵王綸聞任約將至，使司馬蔣思安將精兵五千襲之，約眾潰； 思安不設備，約收兵襲之，思安敗走。
Prince Lun of Shaoling heard Ren Yue was coming and sent chief administrator Jiang Si'an with five thousand elite troops to surprise him; Yue's force collapsed. Si'an left himself unguarded; Yue rallied his men and struck back; Si'an was defeated and fled.
58
湘東王繹改宜都為宜州，以王琳為刺史。
Prince Xiao Yi of Xiangdong changed Yidu to Yizhou and made Wang Lin its inspector.
59
是月，以南郡王大連為江州刺史。
That month he made Prince Dalian of Nanjun Inspector of Jiangzhou.
60
魏丞相泰以齊主稱帝，帥諸軍討之。 以齊王郭鎮隴右，征秦州刺史宇文導為大將軍、都督二十三州諸軍事，屯咸陽，鎮關中。
Chancellor Yuwen Tai, because the Qi emperor had claimed the throne, led the armies against him. He made Prince Guo of Qi garrison Longyou, summoned Qinzhou inspector Yuwen Dao as Grand General and Commander of Military Affairs in Twenty-three Provinces, encamped at Xianyang, and held Guanzhong.
61
益州沙門孫天英帥徒數千人夜攻州城，武陵王紀與戰，斬之。
The monk Sun Tianying of Yizhou led several thousand followers in a night attack on the provincial city; Prince Ji of Wuling fought him and beheaded him.
62
邵陵王綸大修鎧仗，將討侯景。 湘東王繹惡之，八月，甲午，遣左衛將軍王僧辯、信州刺史鮑泉等帥舟師一萬東趣江、郢，聲言拒任約，且雲迎邵陵王還江陵，授以湘州。
Prince Lun of Shaoling greatly repaired armor and weapons, intending to attack Hou Jing. Prince Xiao Yi of Xiangdong resented this; in the eighth month, on jiawu, he sent Left Guard General Wang Senbian, Xinzhou inspector Bao Quan, and others with ten thousand men in ships east toward Jiang and Ying, proclaiming resistance to Ren Yue while also saying he would welcome Prince Lun back to Jiangling and grant him Xiangzhou.
63
齊主初立，勵精為治。 趙道德以事屬黎陽太守清河房超，超不發書，棓殺其使； 齊主善之，命守宰各設棓以誅屬請之使。 久之，都官中郎宋軌奏曰：「若受使請賕，猶致大戮，身為枉法，何以加罪！」 乃罷之。
When the Qi emperor first took the throne, he strove diligently in government. Zhao Daode entrusted a matter to Liyang administrator Fang Chao of Qinghe; Chao would not release the document and clubbed his messenger to death. The Qi emperor approved and ordered every prefect and magistrate to keep clubs at hand to execute messengers making improper requests. After long time, palace attendant Song Gui of the Capital Bureau memorialized: "If accepting bribes through messengers still brings death, how can one add punishment for bending the law oneself!" Thereupon the practice was abolished.
64
司都功曹張老上書請定齊律，詔右僕射薛琡等取魏《麟趾格》，更討論損益之。
Chief clerk Zhang Lao of the Capital Bureau asked that Qi law be fixed; an edict ordered Right Vice Minister Xue Ju and others to take Wei's Linzhi Code and revise it through discussion of what to add or cut.
65
齊主簡練六坊之人，每一人必當百人，任其臨陳必死，然後取之，謂之「百保鮮卑」。 又簡華人之勇力絕倫者，謂之「勇士」，以備邊要。
The Qi emperor selected men of the six wards so that each must equal a hundred, taking only those who would die facing battle without flinching, and called them the "Hundred-Guard Xianbei." He also selected Chinese of unmatched courage and strength, called them "Warriors," to guard critical frontiers.
66
始立九等之戶，富者稅其錢，貧者役其力。
He first established nine grades of households: the rich were taxed in coin, the poor in labor.
67
九月，丁巳，魏軍發長安。
In the ninth month, on dingsi, the Wei army set out from Chang'an.
68
王僧辯軍至鸚鵡洲，郢州司馬劉龍虎等潛送質於僧辯，邵陵王綸聞之，遣其子威正侯礩將兵擊之，龍虎敗，奔於僧辯。 綸以書責僧辯曰：「將軍前年殺人之侄，今歲伐人之兄，以此求榮，恐天下不許！」 僧辯送書於湘東王繹，繹命進軍。 辛酉，綸集其麾下於西園，涕泣言曰：「我本無他，志在滅賊，湘東常謂與之爭帝，遂爾見伐。 今日欲守則交絕糧儲，欲戰則取笑千載，不容無事受縛，當於下流避之。」 麾下壯士爭請出戰，綸不從，與礩自倉門登舟北出。 僧辯入據郢州。 繹以南平王恪為尚書令、開府儀同三司，世子方諸為郢州刺史，王僧辯為領軍將軍。
Wang Senbian's army reached Parrot Islet; Yingzhou chief administrator Liu Longhu and others secretly sent hostages to Senbian; Prince Lun of Shaoling heard and sent his son Marquis Li of Weizheng to strike them; Longhu was defeated and fled to Senbian. Lun wrote Senbian a letter of reproach: "General, last year you killed a man's nephew; this year you attack a man's elder brother—with this you seek glory, and I fear the realm will not allow it!" Senbian forwarded the letter to Prince Xiao Yi of Xiangdong; Yi ordered the advance. On xinyou, Lun gathered his followers in the Western Garden and said through tears, "I had no other aim but to destroy the rebels; Xiangdong always believed I contended with him for the throne, and so I am attacked. Today, to hold fast cuts off grain and stores; to fight invites mockery for a thousand years; I cannot accept binding without cause—I shall withdraw downriver." His stalwart followers all begged to fight; Lun would not agree and boarded a boat with Li through the granary gate and went north. Senbian entered and seized Yingzhou. Yi made Prince Ke of Nanping Minister of Works and Equal in Honor to the Three Dukes with an Opening Office, heir Fangzhu inspector of Yingzhou, and Wang Senbian General of the Palace Guards.
69
綸遇鎮東將軍裴之高於道，之高之子畿掠其軍器，綸與左右輕舟奔武昌澗飲寺，僧法馨匿綸於巖穴之下。 綸長史韋質、司馬姜律等聞綸尚存，馳往迎之，說七柵流民以求糧仗。 綸出營巴水，流民八九千人附之，稍收散卒，屯於齊昌，遣使請降於齊，齊以綸為梁王。
Lun met garrison-east general Pei Zhigao on the road; Zhigao's son Ji plundered his military gear; Lun with his close followers fled in light boats to Wuchang's Jianyin Temple, where the monk Favin hid him in a cave below the cliffs. Lun's chief administrator Wei Zhi, chief aide Jiang Lü, and others heard he still lived, raced to welcome him, and persuaded the refugee forts of seven palisades to supply grain and arms. Lun encamped on the Ba River; eight or nine thousand refugees attached to him; he gradually gathered scattered soldiers, encamped at Qichang, sent envoys to surrender to Qi, and Qi made him Prince of Liang.
70
湘東王繹改封皇子大款為臨川王，大成為桂陽王，大封為汝南王。
Prince Xiao Yi of Xiangdong changed enfeoffments, making imperial son Dakuan Prince of Linchuan, Dacheng Prince of Guiyang, and Dafeng Prince of Runan.
71
癸亥，魏軍至潼關。
On guihai, the Wei army reached Tong Pass.
72
庚午，齊主如晉陽，命太子殷居涼風堂監國。
On gengwu, the Qi emperor went to Jinyang and ordered Crown Prince Yin to dwell in Liangfeng Hall and oversee the state.
73
南郡王中兵參軍張彪等起兵於若邪山，攻破浙東諸縣，有眾數萬。 吳郡人陸令公等說太守南海王大臨往依之。 大臨曰：「彪若成功，不資我力； 如其橈敗，以我自解。 不可往也。」
Central army adjutant Zhang Biao of the Prince of Nanjun and others raised troops on Mount Ruoye, stormed the eastern Zhe counties, and mustered tens of thousands. Lu Linggong of Wu commandery and others urged administrator Prince Dalin of Nanhai to join him. Dalin said, "If Biao succeeds, he will not need my strength. If he is broken and defeated, he will use me to excuse himself. I must not go."
74
任約進寇西陽、武昌。 初，寧州刺史彭城徐文盛募兵數萬人討侯景，湘東王繹以為秦州刺史，使將兵東下，與約遇於武昌。 繹以廬陵王應為江州刺史，以文盛為長史行府州事，督諸將拒之。 應，續之子也。 邵陵王綸引齊兵未至，移營馬柵，距西陽八十里，任約聞之，遣儀同叱羅子通等將鐵騎二百襲之，綸不為備，策馬亡走。 時湘東王繹亦與齊連和，故齊人觀望，不助綸。 定州刺史田祖龍迎綸，綸以祖龍為繹所厚，懼為所執，復歸齊昌。 行至汝南，魏所署汝南城主李素，綸之故吏也，開城納之，任約遂據西陽、武昌。
Ren Yue advanced to raid Xiyang and Wuchang. Earlier, Ningzhou inspector Xu Wensheng of Pengcheng raised tens of thousands to attack Hou Jing; Prince Xiao Yi of Xiangdong made him inspector of Qinzhou and had him lead troops east; he met Yue at Wuchang. Yi made Prince Ying of Luling inspector of Jiangzhou, made Wensheng chief administrator acting for headquarters and province, and had him supervise the generals in resistance. Ying was Xu's son. Prince Lun of Shaoling had drawn Qi troops but they had not arrived; he moved camp to Mazha, eighty li from Xiyang; Ren Yue heard and sent Chiluo Zitong, Equal in Honor, and others with two hundred iron cavalry to surprise him; Lun was caught unawares and fled on horseback. At the time Prince Xiao Yi of Xiangdong was also allied with Qi, so the Qi men held back and did not aid Lun. Dingzhou inspector Tian Zulong welcomed Lun; Lun, because Zulong was favored by Yi, feared seizure and returned to Qichang. Reaching Runan, Li Su, city chief of Runan appointed by Wei and Lun's former clerk, opened the city and received him; Ren Yue then held Xiyang and Wuchang.
75
裴之高帥子弟部曲千餘人至夏首，湘東王繹召之，以為新興、永守二郡太守。 又以南平王恪為武州刺史，鎮武陵。
Pei Zhigao led more than a thousand clan retainers to Xiashou; Prince Xiao Yi of Xiangdong summoned him and made him administrator of Xinxing and Yongshou. He also made Prince Ke of Nanping inspector of Wuzhou and garrisoned Wuling.
76
初，邵陵王綸以衡陽王獻為齊州刺史，鎮齊昌； 任約擊擒之，送建康，殺之。 獻，暢之孫也。
Earlier, Prince Lun of Shaoling had made Prince Xian of Hengyang inspector of Qizhou and garrisoned Qichang. Ren Yue struck, captured him, sent him to Jiankang, and killed him. Xian was Chang's grandson.
77
乙亥，進侯景位相國，封二十郡，為漢王，加殊禮。
On yihai, Hou Jing was advanced to Chancellor of State, enfeoffed with twenty commanderies as Prince of Han, and granted extraordinary honors.
78
岳陽王察還襄陽。
Prince Cha of Yueyang returned to Xiangyang.
79
黎州民攻刺史張賁，賁棄城走。 州民引氐酋北益州刺史楊法琛據黎州，命王、賈二姓詣武陵王紀請法琛為刺史。 紀深責之，囚法琛質子崇顒、崇虎。 冬，十月，丁丑朔，法琛遣使附魏。
The people of Lizhou attacked inspector Zhang Ben; Ben abandoned the city and fled. The provincials brought in Di chieftain Yang Fachen, Northern Yi inspector, to hold Lizhou, and sent the Wang and Jia clans to Prince Ji of Wuling to ask that Fachen be made inspector. Ji rebuked them severely and imprisoned Fachen's hostage sons Chongyan and Chonghu. In winter, the tenth month, on the first day dingchou, Fachen sent envoys to submit to Wei.
80
己卯，齊主至晉陽宮。 廣武王長弼與并州刺史段韶不協，齊主將如晉陽，長弼言於帝曰：「韶擁強兵在彼，恐不知人意，豈可徑往投之！」 帝不聽。 既至，以長弼語告之，曰：「如君忠誠，人猶有讒，況其餘乎！」 長弼，永樂之弟也。 乙酉，以特進元韶為尚書左僕射，段韶為右僕射。
On jimao, the Qi emperor reached Jinyang Palace. Prince Changbi of Guangwu was at odds with Bingzhou inspector Duan Shao; as the Qi emperor was about to go to Jinyang, Changbi said, "Shao holds strong troops there and may not read men's hearts—how can you go straight and throw yourself upon him!" The emperor would not listen. Once he arrived, he told Shao what Changbi had said: "With loyalty like yours, men still slander you—how much more the rest!" Changbi was Yongle's younger brother. On yiyou, he made Special Advance Yuan Shao Left Vice Minister of Works and Duan Shao Right Vice Minister.
81
乙未，侯景自加宇宙大將軍、都督六合諸軍事，以詔文呈上。 上驚曰：「將軍乃有宇宙之號乎！」
On yiwei, Hou Jing on his own authority added Grand General of the Cosmos and Commander of All Military Affairs in the Six Directions, and presented the edict text to the emperor. The emperor was startled: "General, you would even take a title of the cosmos!"
82
立皇子大鈞為西陽王，大威為武寧王，大球為建安王，大昕為義安王，大摯為綏建王，大圜為樂梁王。
He made imperial sons Dajun Prince of Xiyang, Dawei Prince of Wuning, Daqiu Prince of Jian'an, Daxin Prince of Yi'an, Dazhi Prince of Suijian, and Dayuan Prince of Leliang.
83
齊東徐州刺史行台辛術鎮下邳。 十一月，侯景征租入建康，術帥眾度淮斷之，燒其谷百萬石，遂圍陽平，景行台郭元建引兵救之。 壬戌，術略三千餘家，還下邳。
Eastern Xuzhou inspector and mobile headquarters Xin Shu of Qi garrisoned Xiapi. In the eleventh month, Hou Jing levied grain rents into Jiankang; Shu led his force across the Huai to cut them off, burned a million shi of grain, then besieged Yangping; Hou Jing's mobile headquarters Guo Yuanjian led troops to rescue it. On renxu, Shu raided more than three thousand households and returned to Xiapi.
84
武陵王紀帥諸軍發成都，湘東王繹遣使以書止之曰：「蜀人勇悍，易動難安，弟可鎮之，吾自當滅賊。」 又別紙云：「地擬孫、劉，各安境界； 情深魯、衛，書信恆通。」
Prince Ji of Wuling led the armies out from Chengdu; Prince Xiao Yi of Xiangdong sent envoys with a letter stopping him: "The men of Shu are fierce and hard to settle once stirred; younger brother, hold them—I myself will destroy the rebels." On a separate sheet he wrote, "Our lands may be compared to Sun and Liu—each keeps his border. Our bond is deep as Lu and Wei—letters should always pass."
85
甲子，南平王恪帥文武拜箋推湘東王繹為相國，總百揆； 繹不許。
On jiazi, Prince Ke of Nanping led civil and military officials in a memorial urging Prince Xiao Yi of Xiangdong as Chancellor of State to oversee the hundred duties. Yi refused.
86
魏丞相泰自弘農為橋，濟河，至建州。 丙寅，齊主自將出頓東城。 泰聞其軍容嚴盛，歎曰：「高歡不死矣！」 會久雨，自秋及冬，魏軍畜產多死，乃自蒲阪還。 於是河南自洛陽，河北自平陽已東，皆入於齊。
Chancellor Yuwen Tai built a bridge from Hongnong, crossed the river, and reached Jianzhou. On bingyin, the Qi emperor personally led the army out and encamped at East City. Tai heard his army's bearing was stern and grand and sighed, "Gao Huan is not dead after all!" Long rains lasted from autumn into winter; much of the Wei army's livestock died, and they returned from Puban. Thereupon south of the river from Luoyang and north of the river from east of Pingyang all fell to Qi.
87
丁卯，徐文盛軍貝磯，任約帥水軍逆戰，文盛大破之，斬叱羅子通、趙威方，仍進軍大舉口。 侯景遣宋子仙等將兵二萬助約，以約守西陽，久不能進，自出屯晉熙。
On dingmao, Xu Wensheng's army was at Beiji; Ren Yue led the water force to meet him; Wensheng routed him, beheaded Chiluo Zitong and Zhao Weifang, and advanced to Dajukou. Hou Jing sent Song Zixian and others with twenty thousand troops to aid Yue, had Yue hold Xiyang, and when progress stalled, went out himself to encamp at Jinxi.
88
南康王會理以建康空虛，與太子左衛將軍柳敬禮、西鄉侯勸、東鄉侯勉謀起兵誅王偉。 安樂侯乂理出奔長蘆，集眾得千餘人。 建安侯賁、中宿世子子邕知其謀，以告偉。 偉收會理、敬禮、勸、勉及會理弟祁陽侯通理，俱殺之。 乂理為左右所殺。 錢塘褚冕，以會理故舊，捶掠千計，終無異言。 會理隔壁謂之曰：「褚郎，卿豈不為我致此？ 卿雖忍死明我，我心實欲殺賊！」 冕竟不服，景乃宥之。 勸，昺之子； 賁，正德之弟子； 子邕，憺之孫也。
Prince Huili of Nankang, because Jiankang was empty, with crown prince left guard general Liu Jingli, Marquis Quan of Xixiang, and Marquis Mian of Dongxiang plotted to raise troops and kill Wang Wei. Marquis Yili of Anle fled to Changlu, gathered followers, and mustered more than a thousand men. Marquis Ben of Jian'an and heir Ziyong of Zhongsu learned of the plot and reported it to Wei. Wei seized Huili, Jingli, Quan, Mian, and Huili's younger brother Marquis Tongli of Qiyang, and killed them all. Yili was killed by his own followers. Chu Mian of Qiantang, because of old ties with Huili, was beaten more than a thousand strokes yet never spoke a different word. Huili in the next cell said to him, "Master Chu, did you not bring this upon me? Though you endure death to clear me, in my heart I truly wished to kill the rebels!" Mian to the end would not submit; Hou Jing then pardoned him. Quan was Bing's son. Ben was Zhengde's nephew. Ziyong was Dan's grandson.
89
帝自即位以來，景防衛甚嚴，外人莫得進見，唯武林侯諮及僕射王克、舍人殷不害，並以文弱得出入臥內，帝與之講論而已。 及會理死，克、不害懼禍，稍自疏。 咨獨不離帝，朝請無絕； 景惡之，使其仇人刁戍刺殺咨於廣莫門外。
Since the emperor took the throne, Hou Jing's guard had been very strict and outsiders could not gain audience; only Marquis Zi of Wulin, vice minister Wang Ke, and attendant Yin Buhai, all frail in manner, could enter the sleeping quarters, and the emperor discussed texts with them—that was all. When Huili died, Ke and Buhai feared disaster and gradually kept their distance. Zi alone did not leave the emperor; morning audiences never ceased. Hou Jing hated this and had his enemy Diao Shu assassinate Zi outside the Guangmo Gate.
90
帝之即位也，景與帝登重雲殿，禮佛為誓云：「自今君臣兩無猜貳，臣固不負陛下，陛下亦不得負臣！」 及會理謀洩，景疑帝知之，故殺咨。 帝自知不久，指所居殿謂殷不害曰：「龐涓當死此下。」
When the emperor took the throne, Hou Jing and the emperor ascended Chongyun Hall, worshipped the Buddha, and swore: "From now on lord and minister shall harbor no mutual suspicion; your servant will not fail Your Majesty, and Your Majesty must not fail your servant!" When Huili's plot leaked, Hou Jing suspected the emperor knew and therefore killed Zi. The emperor knew he would not last long, pointed at the hall where he dwelt, and told Yin Buhai, "Pang Juan ought to die beneath this."
91
景自帥眾討楊白華於宣城，白華力屈而降，景以其北人，全之，以為左民尚書，誅其兄子彬以報來亮之怨。
Hou Jing himself led the host to attack Yang Baihua at Xuancheng; Baihua, strength exhausted, surrendered; Hou Jing, because he was a northerner, spared him and made him Minister of the Left People, but executed his elder brother's son Bin to repay Lai Liang's grudge.
92
十二月，丙子朔，景封建安侯賁為竟陵王，中宿世子子邕為隨王，仍賜姓侯氏。
In the twelfth month, on the first day bingzi, Hou Jing enfeoffed Marquis Ben of Jian'an as Prince of Jingling and heir Ziyong of Zhongsu as Prince of Sui, and further granted the surname Hou.
93
辛丑，齊主還鄴。
On xinchou, the Qi emperor returned to Ye.
94
邵陵王綸在汝南，修城池，集士卒，將圖安陸。 魏安州刺史馬祐以告丞相泰，泰遣楊忠將萬人救安陸。
Prince Lun of Shaoling was at Runan, repaired walls and moats, gathered soldiers, and intended to take Anlu. Wei Anzhou inspector Ma You reported to Chancellor Tai; Tai sent Yang Zhong with ten thousand men to rescue Anlu.
95
武陵王紀遣潼州刺史楊乾運、南梁州刺史譙淹合兵二萬討楊法琛，法琛發兵據劍閣以拒之。
Prince Ji of Wuling sent Tongzhou inspector Yang Qianyun and Nanliangzhou inspector Qiao Yan with twenty thousand men to attack Yang Fachen; Fachen raised troops and held Jiange Pass to resist.
96
侯景還建康。
Hou Jing returned to Jiankang.
97
初，魏敬宗以爾朱榮為柱國大將軍，位在丞相上； 榮敗，此官遂廢。 大統三年，文帝復以丞相泰為之。 其後功參佐命，望實俱重者，亦居此官，凡八人，曰安定公宇文泰，廣陵王欣，趙郡公李弼，隴西公李虎，河內公獨孤信，南陽公趙貴，常山公於謹，彭城公侯莫陳崇，謂之八柱國。 泰始籍民之才力者為府兵，身租庸調，一切蠲之，以農隙講閱戰陳，馬畜糧備，六家供之； 合為百府，每府一郎將主之，分屬二十四軍。 泰任總百揆，督中外諸軍； 欣以宗室宿望，從容禁闥而已。 餘六人各督二大將軍，凡十二大將軍，每大將軍各統開府二人，開府各領一軍。 是後功臣位至柱國大將軍、開府儀同三司、儀同三司者甚眾，率為散官，無所統御，雖有繼掌其事者，聞望皆出諸公之下雲。
Earlier, Emperor Jingzong of Wei had made Erzhu Rong Grand General of the Pillars, rank above the chancellor. When Rong was defeated, the office was abolished. In the third year of Datong, Emperor Wen again made Chancellor Tai holder of it. Thereafter those whose merit shared in founding the mandate and whose repute and substance were both weighty also held this office—eight in all: Duke of Anding Yuwen Tai, Prince Xin of Guangling, Duke of Zhaojun Li Bi, Duke of Longxi Li Hu, Duke of Henei Dugu Xin, Duke of Nanyang Zhao Gui, Duke of Changshan Yu Jin, and Duke of Pengcheng Hou Mo Chen Chong—the Eight Pillars. Tai first registered men of talent and strength as garrison soldiers, exempting them entirely from body-tax, corvée, and cloth levies; in the gaps of farming they drilled battle formations; horses, livestock, grain, and stores were supplied by six households. They were combined into a hundred garrisons, each with one commandant in charge, divided among twenty-four armies. Tai held overall charge of the hundred duties and supervised all forces inside and outside. Xin, by imperial clan and long-standing repute, merely moved at ease within the inner gates. The remaining six each supervised two grand generals—twelve in all; each grand general commanded two opening offices, and each opening office led one army. After this, meritorious men reaching Grand General of the Pillars, Opening Office Equal in Honor to the Three Dukes, or Equal in Honor to the Three Dukes were very many; mostly they were nominal offices with nothing to command; even when successors held the posts, their fame and standing all fell below these lords.
98
齊主命散騎侍郎宋景業造《天保歷》，行之。
The Qi emperor ordered direct attendant Song Jingye to compose the Tianbao Calendar, and it was put in use.