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資治通鑑第231卷
Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Government, Volume 231
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【唐紀四十七】起閼逢困敦五月，盡旃蒙赤奮若七月，凡一年有奇。
[Tang Annals 47] From the fifth month of the Eyu Kundun cycle year through the seventh month of the Zhanmeng Chifenruo cycle year—a little more than one year in all.
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德宗神武聖文皇帝六興元元年（ 甲子，公元七八四年）
Sixth year of Xingyuan of Emperor Dezong, the Divine Martial and Sagely Literate Emperor ( jiazi, A.D. 784)
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五月，鹽鐵判官萬年王紹以江、淮繒帛來至，上命先給將士，然後御衫。 韓滉欲遣使獻綾羅四十擔詣行在，幕僚何士幹請行，滉喜曰：「君能相為行，請今日過江。」 士幹許諾，歸別家，則家之薪米儲偫已羅門庭矣； 登舟，則資裝器用已充舟中矣。 下至廁籌，滉皆手筆記列，無不周備。 每擔夫，與白金一版置腰間。 又運米百艘以餉李晟，自負囊米至舟中，將佐爭舉之，須臾而畢。 艘置五弩手以為防援，有寇則叩舷相警，五百弩已彀矣。 比至渭橋，資不敢近。 時關中兵荒，米斗直錢五百，及滉米至，減五之四。 滉為人強力嚴毅，自奉儉素，夫人常衣絹裙，破，然後易。
In the fifth month, Wang Shao of Wannian, the salt-and-iron commissioner, arrived with silk goods from the Jiang and Huai regions. The emperor ordered that the soldiers be clothed first and only then himself. Han Huang wished to send an envoy bearing forty loads of damask and gauze to the imperial camp. His staff officer He Shigan volunteered for the mission. Huang said gladly, "If you will make the trip for me, cross the river today." Shigan agreed. When he went home to bid his family farewell, firewood, rice, and stores already filled the courtyard; and when he boarded the boat, funds, baggage, and utensils already filled it. Down to the reeds for the privy, Huang had listed everything in his own hand—nothing was omitted. Each bearer received a plate of white gold to wear at his waist. He also dispatched a hundred grain boats to supply Li Sheng. He carried sack-loads of rice aboard himself; his officers and aides rushed to help, and the loading was done in moments. Each boat carried five crossbowmen as escort; if raiders appeared they would rap the gunwales to alert the fleet—five hundred crossbows stood ready. By the time they reached Weiqiao, the rebel Zi did not dare come near. Guanzhong was then ravaged by war and a dou of rice sold for five hundred cash. When Huang's grain arrived, the price dropped by four-fifths. Huang was forceful, strict, and resolute by nature and lived frugally. His wife commonly wore a silk skirt and replaced it only after it was worn through.
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吐蕃既破韓旻等，大掠而去。 朱泚使田希鑒厚以金帛賂之，吐蕃受之。 韓游瑰以聞。 渾瑊又奏：「尚結贊屢遣人約刻日共取長安，既而不至。 聞其眾今春大疫，近已引兵去。」 上以李晟、渾瑊兵少，欲倚吐蕃以復京城，聞其去，甚憂之，以問陸贄。 贄以為吐蕃貪狡，有害無益，得其引去，實可欣賀。 乃上奏，其略曰：「吐蕃遷延觀望，翻覆多端，深入郊畿，陰受賊使，致令群帥進退憂虞：欲捨之獨前，則慮其懷怨乘躡； 欲待之合勢，則若其失信稽延。 戎若未歸，寇終不滅。」 又曰：「將帥意陛下不見信任，且患蕃戎之奪其功； 士卒恐陛下不恤舊勞，而畏蕃戎之專其利； 賊黨懼蕃戎之勝，不死則悉遺人禽； 百姓畏蕃戎之來，有財必盡為所掠。 是以順於王化者其心不得不怠，陷於寇境者其勢不得不堅。」 又曰：「今懷光別保蒲、絳，吐蕃遠避封疆，形勢既分，腹背無患，瑊、晟諸帥，才力得伸。」 又曰：「但願陛下慎於撫接，勤於砥礪，中興大業，旬月可期，不宜尚眷眷於犬羊之群，以失將士之情也。」 上復使謂贄曰：「卿言吐蕃形勢甚善，然瑊、晟諸軍當議規畫，今其進取。 朕欲遣使宣慰，卿宜審細條疏以聞。」 贄以為：「賢君選將，委任責成，故能有功。 況今秦、梁千里，兵勢無常，遙為規畫，未必合宜。 彼違命則失君威，從命則害軍事，進退羈礙，難以成功。 不若假以便宜之權，待以殊常之賞，則將帥感悅，智勇得伸。」 乃上奏，其略曰：「鋒鏑交於原野而決策於九重之中，機會變於斯須而定計於千里之外，用捨相礙，否臧皆凶。 上有掣肘之譏，下無死餒之志。」 又曰：「傳聞與指實不同，懸算與臨事有異。」 又曰：「設使其中或有肆情干命者，陛下能於此時戮其違詔之罪乎？ 是則違命者既不果行罰，從命者又未必合宜，徒費空言，只勞睿慮，匪惟無益，其損實多。」 又曰：「君上之權，特異臣下，惟不自用，乃能用人。」
After defeating Han Min and his fellows, the Tibetans plundered extensively and marched away. Zhu Ci sent Tian Xijian to ply them with lavish gifts of gold and silk, and the Tibetans took them. Han Yougui reported it to the emperor. Hun Jian also submitted a memorial: "Shang Jiezan has repeatedly sent envoys to fix a date for a joint advance on Chang'an, yet each time he failed to appear. Word has it that his troops were ravaged by plague this spring and have lately marched away." The emperor, finding Li Sheng and Hun Jian short of men, had hoped to lean on the Tibetans to retake the capital. When he heard they had left, he was deeply troubled and consulted Lu Zhi. Zhi held that the Tibetans were greedy and treacherous—more harm than help—and that their departure was in truth grounds for celebration. He then memorialized the throne, in substance saying: "The Tibetans stall and watch how matters fall, reversing themselves at every turn. They have pushed deep into the capital suburbs and secretly take envoys from the rebels, leaving our generals torn over whether to advance or hold back: go on without them and you fear they will nurse a grudge and strike at your rear; wait for them to join in a combined drive and you risk broken promises and endless delay. While the Tibetans remain, the rebels will never be crushed." He added: "Your generals suspect they are not trusted and fear the Tibetans will steal the glory of their victory; the rank and file fear their past service will go unrewarded and that the Tibetans will keep all the spoils for themselves; the rebels dread a Tibetan triumph—if they are not killed outright they will be handed over and taken alive; the people dread the arrival of the Tibetans, knowing that whatever wealth they have will be stripped away. Thus those loyal to the throne must lose heart, while those under rebel rule must harden their resistance." He went on: "Li Huai Guang now holds Pu and Jiang on his own, and the Tibetans have retreated far from our borders. With threats divided and no enemy at front or back, Jian, Sheng, and the other generals can at last fight to their full strength." He added: "If Your Majesty handles them with care and keeps their edge honed, restoration may be achieved within weeks. You should not keep pinning your hopes on that pack of wolves and sheep at the cost of your own army's loyalty." The emperor sent word to Zhi again: "Your assessment of the Tibetans is excellent, but Jian, Sheng, and the other armies should now be consulted on how to advance. I intend to dispatch an envoy to rally them. Prepare a detailed memorandum for my review." Zhi replied: "Wise rulers choose their generals, give them full authority, and hold them accountable—that is how victories are won. Qin and Liang are a thousand li apart and the battlefield shifts by the hour—plans drawn from a distance may not suit conditions at all. Disobey and they undermine your authority; obey and they may botch the campaign—fettered either way, they cannot win. Better to grant them discretionary authority and promise exceptional rewards—then the generals will give their all and wit and valor alike can be brought to bear." He memorialized again, in substance: "Blades meet on the plain while strategy is debated in the inner palace; moments of opportunity pass while orders travel a thousand li—every choice entangled, every outcome a disaster. The throne invites the charge of micromanagement; the ranks lose the will to fight to the death." He added: "Reports differ from reality, and plans hatched at a distance differ from the demands of the field." He went on: "Suppose some of them take unauthorized action—could Your Majesty, at that distance, actually punish them for disobeying an edict? Disobedience could not be punished in time; obedience might still be wrong. You would waste words and burden yourself with worry—not merely useless, but actively harmful." He concluded: "A ruler's power differs from a subject's—the sovereign who does not do everything himself is the one who can truly use men."
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癸酉，涇王侹薨。
On the guiyou day, Prince Tuo of Jing passed away.
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徐、海、沂、密觀察使高承宗卒，甲戌，使其子明應知軍事。
Gao Chengzong, the regional inspector of Xu, Hai, Yi, and Mi, died. On the jiaxu day his son Mingying was placed in charge of military affairs.
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乙亥，李抱真、王武俊距貝州三十里而軍。 朱滔聞兩軍將至，急召馬寔，寔晝夜兼行赴之。 或謂滔曰：「武俊善野戰，不可當其鋒，宜徙營稍前逼之，使回紇絕其糧道。 我坐食德、棣之餫，依營而陳，利則進攻，否則入保，待其饑疲，然後可制也。」 滔疑未決。 會馬寔軍至，滔命明日出戰。 寔言：「軍士冒暑困憊，請休息數日乃戰。」
On the yihai day, Li Baozhen and Wang Wujun encamped thirty li from Beizhou. When Zhu Tao learned both armies were nearing, he urgently recalled Ma Shi, who forced the march day and night to reach him. Someone advised Tao: "Wujun is master of open battle—you cannot meet his charge. Shift camp forward to press him and have the Uyghurs sever his supply lines. We would live off the grain of De and Di, fight from fortified camps, strike when the odds favor us and withdraw when they do not, and break them only after hunger and exhaustion have done their work." Tao wavered, unable to decide. Ma Shi's army arrived just then, and Tao ordered an attack for the following day. Shi pleaded: "The men are worn down by the heat—let them rest a few days before we fight."
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常侍楊布、將軍蔡雄引回紇達干見滔，達干曰：「回紇在國與鄰國戰，常以五百騎破鄰國數千騎，如掃葉耳。 今受大王金帛、牛酒前後無算，思為大王立效，此其時矣。 明日，願大王駐馬高丘，觀回紇為大王翦武俊之騎，使匹馬不返。」 布、雄曰：「大王英略蓋世，舉燕、薊全軍，將掃河南，清關中，今見小敵□豫不擊，失遠近之望，將何以成霸業乎！ 達干請戰是也。」 滔喜，遂決意出戰。 丙子旦，武俊遣其兵馬使趙琳將五百騎伏於桑林，抱真列方陳於後，武俊引騎兵居前，自當回紇。 回紇縱兵沖之，武俊命其騎控馬避之。 回紇突出其後，將還，武俊乃縱兵擊之，趙琳自林中出橫擊之，回紇敗走。 武俊急追之，滔騎兵亦走，自踐其步陳，步騎皆東奔，滔不能制，遂走趣其營，抱真、武俊合兵追擊之。 時滔引三萬人出戰，死者萬餘人，逃潰者亦萬餘人，滔才與數千人入營堅守。 會日暮，昏霧，兩軍不能進，抱真軍其營之西北，武俊軍其東北。 滔夜焚營，引兵出南門，趣德州遁去，委棄所掠資貨山積。 兩軍以霧，不能追也。 滔殺楊布、蔡雄而歸幽州，心既內慚，又恐范陽留守劉怦因敗圖己。 怦悉發留守兵夾道二十里，具儀仗，迎之入府，相對悲喜，時人多之。
Yang Bu, a regular attendant, and General Cai Xiong presented the Uyghur commander Daghan to Tao. Daghan said: "Back home we routinely rout thousands of enemy cavalry with five hundred riders—it is like sweeping fallen leaves. Your Majesty has lavished gold, silk, cattle, and wine on us beyond measure. We are eager to repay you—now is the time. Tomorrow, take your stand on a height and watch us cut Wujun's cavalry to pieces—not one horse will ride back." Bu and Xiong said: "Your strategy is unmatched; you marched the armies of Yan and Ji to sweep Henan and secure Guanzhong—yet now you hesitate before a minor foe and refuse to fight, forfeiting the loyalty of allies near and far. How can you build an empire on that? Daghan is right to ask for battle." Pleased, Tao resolved to fight. At dawn on the bingzi day, Wujun hid five hundred riders under Zhao Lin in a mulberry grove. Baozhen formed a square phalanx to the rear while Wujun took the cavalry vanguard and personally faced the Uyghurs. The Uyghurs charged; Wujun ordered his riders to rein in and yield ground. The Uyghurs punched through to his rear and wheeled to withdraw; Wujun then counterattacked, and Zhao Lin burst from the grove to strike their flank. The Uyghurs broke and ran. Wujun pressed hard after them. Tao's cavalry routed as well, stampeding through their own infantry. Foot and horse alike fled eastward beyond Tao's control; he bolted for his camp while Baozhen and Wujun merged their forces in pursuit. Tao had marched out with thirty thousand men. More than ten thousand were killed and another ten thousand fled in disorder. Only a few thousand remained with Tao to hold the camp. Dusk fell and thick mist rolled in, halting both pursuers. Baozhen camped northwest of Tao's position and Wujun to the northeast. That night Tao burned his camp, marched out the south gate, and fled toward Dezhou, leaving mountains of loot behind. The mist kept both armies from giving chase. Tao executed Yang Bu and Cai Xiong and withdrew to Youzhou, ashamed at heart and fearful that Liu Ping, the Fanyang garrison commander, would exploit his defeat to move against him. Liu Ping deployed the entire garrison along twenty li of road with full ceremonial escort, welcomed Tao into headquarters, and together they wept and laughed by turns. People far and wide praised his grace.
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初，張孝忠以易州歸國，詔以孝忠為義武節度使，以易、定、滄三州隸之。 滄州刺史李固烈，李惟岳之妻兄也，請歸恆州，孝忠遣押牙安喜程華交其州事。 固烈悉取軍府綾、縑、珍貨數十車，將行，軍士大噪曰：「刺史掃府庫之實以行，將士於後饑寒，奈何！」 遂殺固烈，屠其家。 程華聞亂，自竇逃出，亂兵求得之，請知州事。 華不得已，從之。 孝忠聞之，即版華攝滄州刺史。 華素寬厚，推心以待將士，將士安之。
Earlier, when Zhang Xiaozhong surrendered Yizhou to the court, he was appointed military governor of Yiwu with Yi, Ding, and Cang placed under his command. Li Gulei, prefect of Cangzhou and brother-in-law of Li Weiyue, asked to return to Hengzhou. Xiaozhong sent his staff officer Cheng Hua of Anxi to transfer authority over the prefecture. Gulei loaded dozens of carts with damask, silk bolts, and precious goods from the headquarters and prepared to leave. The troops erupted in uproar: "The prefect is stripping the treasury bare and walking away—what about us, left hungry and cold?" They killed Gulei on the spot and massacred his family. Hearing the riot, Cheng Hua slipped out through a breach in the wall. The mutineers tracked him down and asked him to govern the prefecture. Hua had no choice but to agree. When Xiaozhong learned of this, he promptly appointed Hua acting prefect of Cangzhou. Hua was naturally magnanimous and won the troops over with genuine trust. They settled down under his rule.
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會朱滔、王武俊叛，更遣人招華，華皆不從。 時孝忠在定州，自滄如定，必過瀛州，瀛隸朱滔，道路阻澀。 滄州錄事參軍李宇說華，表陳利害，請別為一軍，華從之，遣宇奉表詣行在。 上即以華為滄州刺史、橫海軍副大使、知節度事，賜名日華，令日華歲供義武租錢十二萬緡。 王武俊又使人說誘之，時軍中乏馬，日華紿使者曰：「王大夫必欲相屬，當以二百騎相助。」 武俊給之，日華悉留其馬，遣其士歸。 武俊怒，而方與馬燧等相拒，不能攻取，日華由是獲全。 及武俊歸國，日華乃遣人謝過，償其馬價，且賂之。 武俊喜，復與交好。
When Zhu Tao and Wang Wujun rose in rebellion, each sent envoys to win Hua over; he refused them both. Xiaozhong was then at Dingzhou. The route from Cangzhou to Dingzhou passed through Yingzhou, which belonged to Zhu Tao, making communication perilous. Li Yu, a recorder at Cangzhou, urged Hua to petition the throne with the strategic stakes and request independent army status. Hua agreed and sent Yu to the imperial camp with the memorial. The emperor immediately appointed Hua prefect of Cangzhou, deputy commissioner of the Henghai Army, and acting military governor, bestowing the name Rihua and ordering him to pay Yiwu twelve thousand strings of rent annually. Wang Wujun sent envoys again to win him over. The army was short of horses, and Rihua bluffed the envoy: "If Minister Wang truly wants my allegiance, let him send two hundred cavalry to assist me." Wujun complied. Rihua kept every horse and sent the men home. Wujun was furious, but he was tied up facing Ma Sui and could not mount an attack—so Rihua remained secure. When Wujun submitted to the court again, Rihua sent envoys to apologize, repay the horses' value, and offer gifts besides. Wujun was mollified and resumed friendly ties.
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庚寅，李晟大陳兵，諭以收復京城。 先是，姚令言等屢遣諜人覘晟進軍之期，皆為邏騎所獲。 晟引示以所陳兵，謂曰：「歸語諸賊，努力固守，勿不忠於賊也！」 皆飲之酒，給錢而縱之。 遂引兵至通化門外，曜武而還，賊不敢出。 晟召諸將，問兵所從入，皆請「先取外城，據坊市，然後北攻宮闕。」 晟曰：「坊市狹隘，賊若伏兵格鬥，居人驚亂，非官軍之利也。 今賊重兵皆聚苑中，不若自苑北攻之，潰其腹心，賊必奔亡。 如此，則宮闕不殘，坊市無擾，策之上者也！」 諸將皆曰：「善！」 乃牒渾瑊及鎮國節度使駱元光、商州節度使尚可孤，刻期集於城下，壬辰，尚可孤敗泚將仇敬忠於藍田西，斬之。 乙未，李晟移軍於光泰門外米倉村。 丙申，晟方自臨築壘，泚驍將張庭芝、李希傅引兵大至，晟謂諸將曰：「始吾憂賊潛匿不出，今來送死，此天讚我，不可失也！」 命副元帥兵馬使吳詵等縱兵擊之。 時華州營在北，兵少，賊並力攻之，晟命牙前將李演等帥精兵救之。 演等力戰，賊敗走。 演等追之，乘勝入光泰門，再戰，又破之。 會夜，晟斂兵還。 賊餘眾走入白華門，夜，聞慟哭。 希傅，希烈之弟也。 丁酉，晟復出兵，諸將請待西師至，夾攻之。 晟曰：「賊數敗，已破膽，不乘勝取之，使其成備，非計也。」 賊又出戰，官軍屢捷。 駱元光敗泚眾於滻西。 戊戌，晟陳兵於光泰門外，使李演及牙前兵馬使王佖將騎兵，牙前將史萬頃將步兵，直抵苑牆神{鹿加}村。 晟先使人夜開苑牆二百餘步，比演等至，賊已樹柵塞之，自柵中刺射官軍，官軍不得進。 晟怒，叱諸將曰：「縱賊如此，吾先斬公輩矣！」 萬頃懼，帥眾先進，拔柵而入，佖、演引騎兵繼之，賊眾大潰，諸軍分道並入。 姚令言等猶力戰，晟命決勝軍使唐良臣等步騎蹙之，且戰且前，凡十餘合，賊不能支。 至白華門，有賊數千騎出官軍之背，晟帥百餘騎回御之，左右呼曰：「相公來！」 賊皆驚潰。 先是，泚遣張光晟將兵五千屯九曲，去東渭橋十餘里，光晟密輸款於晟。 及泚敗，光晟勸泚出亡。 泚乃與姚令言帥餘眾西走，猶近萬人。 光晟送泚出城，還，降於晟。 晟遣兵馬使田子奇以騎兵追泚。 晟頓含元殿前，捨於右金吾仗，令諸軍曰：「晟賴將士之力，克清宮禁。 長安士庶，久陷賊庭，若小有震驚，非弔民伐罪之意。 晟與公等室家相見非晚，五日內無得通家信。」 命京兆尹李齊運等安慰居人。 晟大將高明曜取賊妓，尚可孤軍士擅取賊馬，晟皆斬之，軍中股慄。 公私安堵，秋毫無犯，遠坊有經宿乃知官軍入城者。 是日，渾瑊、戴休顏、韓游瑰亦克咸陽，敗賊三千餘眾，聞泚西走，分兵邀之。
On the gengyin day, Li Sheng paraded his army in full formation and roused the men to retake the capital. Yao Lingyan and the other rebel leaders had repeatedly sent spies to learn when Sheng would march; patrol riders captured every one. Sheng paraded the prisoners before his assembled troops and told them: "Go back and tell the rebels to hold firm—stay loyal to your masters!" He treated them to wine, paid them cash, and let them go. He then marched to Tonghua Gate, displayed his strength, and withdrew. The rebels did not dare emerge. Sheng gathered his generals and asked which route the army should take. All urged: "Take the outer city first, secure the wards and markets, then strike the palace from the north." Sheng replied: "The wards are cramped alleys. If the rebels ambush us there, civilians will panic in the fighting—conditions that favor them, not us. Their main force is massed in the imperial park. Better to attack from the north, strike at their heart, and they will collapse and run. The palace would be spared, the city undisturbed—that is the best plan!" The generals all assented: "Excellent!" He issued orders to Hun Jian, Lu Yuan Guang the Zhenguo military governor, and Shang Ke'gu the Shangzhou military governor to rendezvous at the walls on a fixed date. On the renchen day, Shang Ke'gu routed Zhu Ci's general Qiu Jingzhong west of Lantian and took his head. On the yiwei day, Li Sheng relocated his army to Micang Village outside Guangtai Gate. On bingshen day, Li Sheng was personally supervising the construction of fortifications when Zhu Ci's crack generals Zhang Tingzhi and Li Xifu marched up in strength. Sheng told his officers: "I had feared the rebels would stay hidden and refuse to fight; now they come to throw away their lives. Heaven favors us—this chance must not be lost!" He ordered his deputy commander of army and horses, Wu Shen, and the others to unleash their troops and attack. The Huazhou camp lay to the north with too few men, and the rebels massed to crush it. Sheng sent the vanguard general Li Yan and others with picked troops to the rescue. Yan and his men fought fiercely and put the rebels to flight. They pursued the fleeing rebels, burst through Guangtai Gate in the heat of victory, fought again, and broke them a second time. Night came on, and Sheng recalled his troops. The rebel survivors fled into Baihua Gate; that night, sounds of bitter weeping could be heard. Xifu was Li Xilie's younger brother. On dingyou day Sheng marched out again. His generals urged him to wait for the western army and strike the rebels from both sides. Sheng said: "The rebels have been beaten repeatedly and have lost their nerve. If we fail to press our advantage and let them recover and fortify, that is no strategy at all." The rebels sallied forth again, and the imperial army won victory after victory. Luo Yuanguang routed Zhu Ci's army west of the Chan River. On wuxu day Sheng arrayed his forces outside Guangtai Gate, sending Li Yan and the vanguard cavalry commissioner Wang Bi with the horsemen and the vanguard general Shi Wanqing with the foot soldiers straight to Shenlu Village at the imperial park wall. Sheng had sent men by night to breach more than two hundred paces of the park wall, but by the time Yan's force arrived the rebels had already thrown up palisades to seal the gap and were stabbing and shooting from behind them. The imperial army could not get through. Sheng flew into a rage and shouted at his generals: "If you let the rebels get away with this, I'll cut off your heads first!" Terrified, Wanqing led his men forward, tore down the palisades, and broke through; Bi and Yan followed with the cavalry. The rebel host collapsed in rout, and the imperial armies poured in by every route at once. Yao Lingyan and his men still fought stubbornly. Sheng ordered Tang Liangchen and others of the Victory Army to press them with foot and horse, advancing battle by battle through more than ten engagements until the rebels could hold no longer. At Baihua Gate several thousand rebel horsemen struck from behind the imperial line. Sheng wheeled about with a little over a hundred riders to meet them, while men on either flank shouted: "The Chancellor comes!" The rebels broke and fled in terror. Earlier Zhu Ci had posted Zhang Guangsheng with five thousand men at Jiuqu, a little over ten li from East Weiqiao Bridge. Guangsheng had secretly pledged himself to Sheng. When Zhu Ci's cause collapsed, Guangsheng urged him to flee. Zhu Ci then fled west with Yao Lingyan and the survivors—still nearly ten thousand strong. Guangsheng saw Zhu Ci out of the city, then returned and surrendered to Sheng. Sheng sent the cavalry commissioner Tian Ziqi in pursuit of Zhu Ci. Sheng halted before Hanyuan Hall and took quarters at the Right Jinwu Guard station. He addressed the armies: "By the strength of officers and soldiers, we have cleared the palace precincts. The people of Chang'an have long suffered under rebel rule. The least disturbance would betray the purpose of comforting the people and punishing the guilty. It will not be long before I and you are reunited with our families. For five days, no one may send word home." He ordered the Jingzhao prefect Li Qiyun and others to reassure the city's inhabitants. Sheng's senior general Gao Mingyao took a rebel courtesan for himself, and soldiers under Shang Kegu helped themselves to rebel horses. Sheng had them all executed, and the whole army trembled. Public and private life remained undisturbed; not the smallest thing was touched. In outlying wards some inhabitants only learned the imperial army had entered after a full night had passed. That same day Hun Jian, Dai Xiuyan, and Han Yougui also recovered Xianyang and routed more than three thousand rebels. Learning that Zhu Ci had fled west, they divided their forces to cut him off.
13
己亥，晟使京西兵馬使孟涉頓白華門，尚可孤屯望仙門，駱元光屯章敬寺，晟以牙前三千人屯安國寺，以鎮京城。 斬泚黨李希倩、敬釭、彭偃等八人於市。
On jihai day Sheng posted the Jingxi cavalry commissioner Meng She at Baihua Gate, Shang Kegu at Wangxian Gate, and Luo Yuanguang at Zhangjing Temple, while he himself kept three thousand vanguard troops at Anguo Temple to hold the capital. Eight of Zhu Ci's followers—Li Xiqian, Jing Gang, Peng Yan, and others—were executed in the marketplace.
14
王武俊既破朱滔，還恆州，表讓幽州、盧龍節度使，上許之。
After defeating Zhu Tao, Wang Wujun returned to Hengzhou and asked to relinquish the posts of military governor of Youzhou and Lulong. The emperor agreed.
15
六月，癸卯，李晟遣掌書記吳人于公異作露布上行在曰：「臣已肅清宮禁，祗謁寢園，鐘虡不移，廟貌如故。」 上泣下曰：「天生李晟，以為社稷，非為朕也。」 晟在渭橋，熒惑守歲，久之乃退，賓佐皆賀，曰：「熒惑退捨，皇家之福也！ 宜速進兵。」 晟曰：「天子野次，臣下知死敵而已。 天象高遠，誰得知之！」 既克長安，乃謂之曰：「曏非相拒也，吾聞五星贏、縮無常，萬一復來守歲，吾軍不戰自潰矣！」 皆謝曰：「非所及也！」
In the sixth month, on guimao day, Li Sheng had his secretarial aide Yu Gongyi, a native of Wu, compose a victory bulletin to the imperial camp: "Your subject has cleared the palace precincts and reverently visited the imperial tombs. Bells and ritual vessels stand unmoved; the ancestral halls look as they did before." The emperor wept and said: "Heaven sent Li Sheng for the altars of state—not for me alone." At Weiqiao Bridge, Mars had lingered at the Year Star and only after a long while withdrew. Sheng's staff congratulated him, saying: "When Mars withdraws from the Year Star, that is fortune for the dynasty! We should march at once." Sheng replied: "The Son of Heaven is encamped in the wilderness; his servants know only to die fighting the enemy. The heavens are far above us—who can read their meaning!" After Chang'an fell, he told them: "I was not rejecting your counsel. I know the Five Planets wax and wane without fixed rule; if Mars should again linger at the Year Star, our army would collapse without a battle!" They all apologized: "That was beyond us!"
16
朱泚將奔吐蕃，其眾隨道散亡，比至涇州，才百餘騎。 田希鑒閉門拒之，泚謂之曰：「汝之節，吾所授也。 奈何臨危相負！」 使焚其門。 希鑒取節投火中曰：「還汝節！」 泚眾皆哭。 涇卒遂殺姚令言，詣希鑒降。 泚獨與范陽親兵及宗族、賓客北趣驛馬關，寧州刺史夏侯英拒之。 至彭原西城屯，其將梁庭芬射泚墜坑中，韓旻等斬之，詣涇州降。 源休、李子平奔鳳翔，李楚琳斬之，皆傳首行在。
Zhu Ci meant to flee to the Tibetans, but his followers scattered and died along the road. By the time he reached Jingzhou he had barely a hundred horsemen left. Tian Xijian shut his gates and refused him. Zhu Ci said: "Your commission—I am the one who gave it to you. How can you abandon me at the hour of danger!" He ordered his men to burn the gate. Xijian took his commission of office and cast it into the flames, crying: "Take back your commission!" Zhu Ci's followers all broke into tears. The Jingzhou garrison then killed Yao Lingyan and surrendered to Xijian. Zhu Ci fled north toward Yima Pass with only his Fanyang personal guard, kinsmen, and retainers. Xiahou Ying, prefect of Ningzhou, blocked his path. At Pengyuan he encamped at West City. His general Liang Tingfen shot him down into a pit; Han Min and the others beheaded him and took his head to Jingzhou to surrender. Yuan Xiu and Li Ziping fled to Fengxiang, where Li Chulin executed them. Their heads were sent to the imperial camp.
17
上命陸贄草詔賜渾瑊，使訪求奉天所失裹頭內人。 贄上奏，以為：「今巨盜始平，疲瘵之民，瘡痍之卒，尚未循拊，而首訪婦人，非所以副惟新之望也。 謀始盡善，克終已稀； 始而不謀，終則何有！ 所賜瑊詔，未敢承旨。」 上遂不降詔，竟遣中使求之。 乙巳，詔吏部侍郎班宏充宣慰使，勞問將士，撫慰蒸黎。 兩午，李晟斬文武官受朱泚寵任者崔宣、洪經綸等十餘人，又表守節不屈者劉乃、蔣沇等。 己酉，以李晟為司徒、中書令，駱元光、尚可孤各遷官有差，以檢校御史中丞田希鑒為涇原節度使。
The emperor ordered Lu Zhi to draft an edict for Hun Jian instructing him to search for the palace women who had lost their headwraps at Fengtian. Zhi memorialized the throne: "The great rebel has only just been crushed; the exhausted people and wounded soldiers have not yet been settled and comforted. Yet the first order of business is to hunt for women. That does not fulfill the promise of renewal. To plan the beginning perfectly is hard enough; to carry it through to the end is rarer still; if there is no planning at the start, what can be hoped for at the end! As for the edict intended for Jian, I dare not draft it as ordered." The emperor therefore did not issue the edict, but in the end sent a eunuch envoy to conduct the search. On yisi day an edict appointed Ban Hong, vice minister of the Ministry of Personnel, commissioner of comfort to inquire after the troops and reassure the people. On bingwu day Li Sheng executed more than ten civil and military officials who had enjoyed Zhu Ci's favor—Cui Xuan, Hong Jinglun, and others—and submitted a memorial commending those who had held firm and refused to submit—Liu Nai, Jiang Yan, and others. On jiyou day Li Sheng was made grand mentor and grand chancellor; Luo Yuanguang and Shang Kegu were promoted by varying degrees; and Tian Xijian, acting censor-in-chief, was appointed military governor of Jingyuan.
18
詔改梁州為興元府。
An edict renamed Liangzhou as Xingyuan Prefecture.
19
甲寅，以渾瑊為侍中，韓游瑰、戴休顏各遷官有差。
On jiayin day Hun Jian was made director of the Palace Secretariat; Han Yougui and Dai Xiuyan were promoted by varying degrees.
20
朱泚之敗也，李忠臣奔樊川，擒獲，丙辰，斬之。
When Zhu Ci fell, Li Zhongchen fled to Fanchuan, was captured, and on bingchen day was executed.
21
上問陸贄：「今至鳳翔有迎駕諸軍。 形勢甚盛，欲因此遣人代李楚琳，何如？」 贄上奏，以為：「如此則事同脅執，以言乎除亂則不武，以言乎務理則不誠，用是時巡，後將安入！ 議者或謂之權，臣竊未諭其理。 未權之為義，取類權衡，今輦路所經，首行脅奪，易一帥而虧萬乘之義，得一方而結四海之疑，乃是重其所輕而輕其所重，謂之權也，不亦反乎！ 以反道為權，以任數為智，君上行之必失眾，臣下用之必陷身，歷代之所以多喪亂而長奸邪，由此誤也。 不如俟奠枕京邑，征授一官，彼喜於恩宥，將奔走不暇，安敢輒有旅拒，復勞誅鋤哉！」 戊午，車駕發漢中。
The emperor asked Lu Zhi: "As we now approach Fengxiang, many armies are coming to welcome the imperial carriage. Their strength is imposing. I wish to take this opportunity to send someone to replace Li Chulin. What do you think?" Zhi memorialized: "To do this would be coercion plain and simple. Speak of suppressing rebellion and it is not martial; speak of governing rightly and it is not sincere. If the imperial progress proceeds in this way, where afterward shall the throne find entry! Some call this expedient policy, but your subject cannot see the principle in it. The word for expedient policy, quan, is modeled on the balance-scale. Yet on the very route of the imperial progress the first act is coercion and seizure—replacing one commander at the cost of the sovereign's honor, gaining one region while sowing suspicion across the empire. That is to weight what should be light and lighten what should be heavy. To call that expedient policy—is it not precisely backward! To treat reversal of the Way as expedient policy and scheming as wisdom—if a ruler practices this he will lose the people; if ministers employ it they will destroy themselves. Ages of disorder and the rise of wickedness stem from this very mistake. Better to wait until the capital is secure enough to sleep in peace, then summon him and appoint him to office. Grateful for mercy, he will hurry to obey and have no time to refuse. How would he dare raise arms and invite further punishment!" On wuwu day the imperial carriage set out from Hanzhong.
22
李晟綜理長安以備百司，自請至鳳翔迎扈，上不許。 內常侍尹元貞奉使同華，輒詣河中招諭李懷光。 晟奏：「元貞矯制擅赦元惡，請理其罪！」
Li Sheng put Chang'an in order to ready it for the government offices and asked to go to Fengxiang to welcome the emperor. The emperor refused. The inner attendant Yin Yuanzhen, on mission to Tonghua, went on his own to Hezhong to summon and reassure Li Huaiguang. Sheng memorialized: "Yuanzhen forged an edict and on his own authority pardoned the chief villain. I ask that he be punished!"
23
秋，七月，丙子，車駕至鳳翔，斬喬琳、蔣鎮、張光晟等。 李晟以光晟雖臣賊，而滅賊亦頗有力，欲全之，上不許。
In autumn, the seventh month, on bingzi day the imperial carriage reached Fengxiang. Qiao Lin, Jiang Zhen, Zhang Guangsheng, and others were executed. Li Sheng, though Guangsheng had served the rebels, had also contributed substantially to their defeat and wished to spare him. The emperor refused.
24
副元帥判官高郢數勸李懷光歸款，懷光遣其子璀詣行在謝罪，請束身歸朝。 庚辰，詔遣給事中孔巢父繼先除懷光太子太保敕詣河中宣慰，朔方將士悉復官爵如故。
The deputy commander's aide Gao Ying repeatedly urged Li Huaiguang to submit. Huaiguang sent his son Cui to the imperial camp to apologize and ask to surrender himself and return to court. On gengchen day an edict sent the supervising secretary Kong Chaofu, following the earlier appointment of Huaiguang as grand mentor of the heir apparent, to Hezhong as commissioner of reassurance. All Shuofang officers and soldiers were restored to their former ranks and titles.
25
壬午，車駕至長安，渾瑊、韓游瑰、戴休顏以其眾扈從，李晟、駱元光、尚可孤以其眾奉迎，步騎十餘萬，旌旗數十里，晟謁見上於三橋，先賀平賊，後謝收復之晚，伏路左請罪。 上駐馬慰撫，為之掩涕，命左右扶上馬。 至宮，每閒日，輒宴勳臣，賞賜豐渥。 李晟為之首，渾瑊次之，諸將相又次之。
On renwu day the imperial carriage reached Chang'an. Hun Jian, Han Yougui, and Dai Xiuyan escorted with their troops; Li Sheng, Luo Yuanguang, and Shang Kegu welcomed him with theirs. More than a hundred thousand foot and horse stretched for dozens of li under banners and flags. At Sanqiao Bridge Sheng paid homage to the emperor—first congratulating him on the defeat of the rebels, then apologizing for the lateness of the recovery, prostrating himself at the roadside to ask forgiveness. The emperor reined in his horse to comfort him, wiped away tears, and ordered his attendants to help Sheng back into the saddle. After reaching the palace, on every free day he feasted the meritorious ministers with lavish rewards. Li Sheng came first, Hun Jian second, and the other generals and ministers after them.
26
曹王皋遣其將伊慎、王鍔圍安州，李希烈遣其甥劉戒虛將步騎八千救之。 皋遣別將李伯潛逆擊之於應山，斬首千餘級。 生擒戒虛，徇於城下，安州遂降。 以伊慎為安州刺史，又擊希烈將康叔夜於厲鄉，走之。
Prince Cao Wang Gao sent his generals Yi Shen and Wang E to besiege Anzhou. Li Xilie sent his nephew Liu Jiexu with eight thousand foot and horse to relieve the city. Gao sent another general, Li Boqian, to intercept them at Yingshan and took more than a thousand heads. Jiexu was captured alive and paraded below the walls, and Anzhou surrendered. Yi Shen was appointed prefect of Anzhou and again struck Li Xilie's general Kang Shuye at Lixiang, driving him off.
27
丁亥，孔巢父至河中，李懷光素服待罪，巢父不之止。 懷光左右多胡人，皆歎曰：「太尉無官矣！」 巢父又宣言於眾曰：「軍中誰可代太尉領軍者？」 於是懷光左右發怒喧噪。 宣詔未畢，眾殺巢父及中使啖守盈，懷光亦不之止，復治兵為拒守之備。 辛卯，赦天下。
On dinghai day Kong Chaofu reached Hezhong. Li Huaiguang wore plain dress to await judgment, and Chaofu did not stop him. Many of Huaiguang's attendants were men of the Hu tribes. They all sighed: "The Grand Marshal has lost his office!" Chaofu then announced to the assembly: "Who in the army can take the Grand Marshal's place and command the troops?" At this Huaiguang's attendants erupted in anger and uproar. Before the edict had been fully read, the crowd killed Chaofu and the eunuch envoy Tan Shouying. Huaiguang did not stop them and again readied his troops for defense. On xinmao day a general amnesty was proclaimed.
28
初，肅宗在靈武，上為奉節王，學文於李泌。 代宗之世，泌居蓬萊書院，上為太子，亦與之遊。 及上在興元，泌為杭州刺史，上急詔征之，與睦州刺史杜亞俱詣行在。 乙未，以泌為左散騎常侍，亞為刑部侍郎，命泌日直西省以候對，朝野皆屬目附之。 上問泌：「河中密邇京城，朔方兵素稱精銳，如達奚小俊等皆萬人敵，朕晝夕憂之，奈何？」 對曰：「天下事甚有可憂者，若惟河中，不足憂也。 夫料敵者，料將不料兵。 今懷光，將也； 小俊之徒乃兵耳，何足為意！ 懷光既解奉天之圍，視朱泚垂亡之虜不能取，乃與之連和，使李晟得取以為功。 今陛下已還宮闕，懷光不束身歸罪，乃虐殺使臣，鼠伏河中，如夢魘之人耳！ 但恐不日為帳下所梟，使諸將無以藉手也。」 初，上發吐蕃以討朱泚。 許成功以伊西、北庭之地與之。 及泚誅，吐蕃來求地，上欲召兩鎮節度使郭昕、李元忠還朝，以其地與之。 李泌曰：「安西、北庭，人性驍悍，控制西域五十七國及十姓突厥，又分吐蕃之勢，使不得並兵東侵，奈何拱手與之！ 且兩鎮之人，勢孤地遠，盡忠竭力，為國家固守近二十年，誠可哀憐。 一旦棄之以與戎狄，彼其心必深怨中國，它日從吐蕃入寇，如報私仇矣。 況日者吐蕃觀望不進，陰持兩端，大掠武功，受賂而去，何功之有！」 眾議亦以為然，上遂不與。
Earlier, when Emperor Suzong was at Lingwu, the present emperor was Prince of Fengjie and studied under Li Mi. During Emperor Daizong's reign Mi lived at Penglai Academy, and when the present emperor was crown prince he kept company with him as well. When the emperor was at Xingyuan, Mi was prefect of Hangzhou. The emperor urgently summoned him by edict, and Mi came to the imperial camp together with Du Ya, prefect of Muzhou. On yiwei day Mi was made left master of regular attendance and Ya vice minister of justice. Mi was ordered to attend daily at the West Department to await the emperor's questions, and all court and country turned their eyes to him with expectation. The emperor asked Mi: "Hezhong lies close to the capital, and the Shuofang troops are famed for their prowess. Men like Daxi Xiaojun are each a match for ten thousand. Day and night I worry over this. What is to be done? Mi replied: "There are matters throughout the realm far more worrisome than this. Hezhong alone is nothing to fret over. When sizing up an enemy, weigh the commander—not the ranks. Huai Guang is the general; men like Xiaojun are merely troops. What is there to worry about? Having broken the siege of Fengtian, Huai Guang watched Zhu Ci's broken forces slip from his grasp—and then made common cause with the rebel, allowing Li Sheng to win the credit for the capture. Your Majesty has returned to the palace, yet Huai Guang will not surrender and face judgment. He murders imperial envoys and skulks in Hezhong like a rat—a man living in a nightmare, nothing more. I only fear his own officers will behead him ere long, leaving our generals no enemy to strike." Earlier the emperor had mobilized Tibetan forces against Zhu Ci. He had promised them the Yixi and Beiting territories once victory was won. After Zhu Ci's death the Tibetans came to claim the promised lands. The emperor intended to recall the commissioners of the two frontier commands—Guo Xin and Li Yuanzhong—and cede the territories to Tibet. Li Mi said: "The garrisons of Anxi and Beiting hold fierce, hardy peoples who control fifty-seven states of the Western Regions and the Ten Surname Turks. They tie down Tibetan power and keep Tibet from massing armies for an eastern invasion. How can we simply surrender those positions? These two commands stand alone and far from home. Their people have labored in loyalty for nearly twenty years to hold the frontier for the state. It is a cause for genuine pity. Abandon them to the barbarians and they will harbor deep resentment against the court. One day they will ride with the Tibetans against us—as if settling a personal score. Besides, the Tibetans recently dallied on the sidelines, played both sides, plundered Wugong on a vast scale, took bribes, and marched away. What service did they render?" The assembled ministers agreed, and the emperor declined to cede the territories.
29
李希烈聞李希倩伏誅，忿怒，八月，壬寅，遣中使至蔡州殺顏真卿。 中使曰：「有敕。」 真卿再拜。 中使曰：「今賜卿死。」 真卿曰：「老臣無狀，罪當死，不知使者幾日發長安？」 使者曰：「自大梁來，非長安也。」 真卿曰：「然則賊耳，何謂敕邪！」 遂縊殺之。
When Li Xilie learned that Li Xiqian had been secretly executed, he flew into a rage. In the eighth month, on renyin day, he sent a palace envoy to Cai Prefecture to kill Yan Zhenqing. The envoy announced: "By imperial edict." Yan Zhenqing bowed twice. The envoy said: "You are sentenced to death." Zhenqing said: "This old minister has failed in his duty and deserves death. When did the envoy leave Chang'an?" The envoy replied: "I came from Daliang—not from Chang'an." Zhenqing said: "Then you are a rebel. What right have you to speak of an imperial edict?" They strangled him on the spot.
30
李晟以涇州倚邊，屢害軍帥，常為亂根，奏請往理不用命者，力田積粟以攘吐蕃。 癸卯，以晟兼鳳翔、隴右節度等使及四鎮、北庭、涇原行營副元帥，進爵西平王。 時李楚琳入朝，晟請與俱至鳳翔斬之，以懲逆亂。 上以新復京師，務安反仄，不許。 先是，上命渾瑊、駱元光討李懷光軍於同州，懷光遣其將徐庭光以精卒六千軍於長春宮以拒之，瑊等數為所敗，不能進。 時度支用度不給，議者多請赦懷光，上不許。 李懷光遣其妹婿要廷珍守晉州，牙將毛朝易文守隰州，鄭抗守慈州，馬燧皆遣人說下之。 上乃加渾瑊河中、絳州節度使，充河中、同華、陝虢行營副元帥，加馬燧奉誠軍、晉、慈、隰節度使，充管內諸軍行營副元帥，與鎮國節度使駱元光、鄜坊節度使唐朝臣合兵討懷光。 初，王武俊急攻康日知於趙州，馬燧奏請詔武俊與李抱真同擊朱滔，以深、趙隸武俊，改日知為晉、慈、隰節度使，上從之。 日知未至而三州降燧，故上使燧兼領之。 燧表讓三州於日知，且言因降而授，恐後有功者，踵以為常，上嘉而許之。 燧遣使迎日知。 既至，籍府庫而歸之。
Li Sheng observed that Jing Prefecture, hard against the frontier, had repeatedly seen its commanders murdered and had long been a seedbed of rebellion. He memorialized the throne asking leave to go there, punish the disobedient, and push intensive farming and grain reserves to hold the Tibetans at bay. On guimao day Li Sheng was appointed concurrent military commissioner of Fengxiang and Longyou and related commands, deputy commander-in-chief of the Four Commands, Beiting, and Jingyuan field headquarters, and ennobled as Prince of Xiping. Li Chulin was then at court. Sheng asked permission to escort him to Fengxiang and execute him as a warning against rebellion. The emperor, intent on pacifying the realm after the recovery of the capital, refused. Earlier the emperor had ordered Hun Jian and Luo Yuanguang to attack Li Huai Guang's forces at Tong Prefecture. Huai Guang sent his general Xu Tingguang with six thousand elite troops to hold Changchun Palace. Hun Jian's forces were driven back again and again and could not advance. The treasury could not meet its obligations. Many at court urged pardoning Huai Guang, but the emperor refused. Li Huai Guang had his brother-in-law Yao Tingzhen hold Jin Prefecture, staff officer Mao Chao Yiwen hold Xi Prefecture, and Zheng Kang hold Ci Prefecture. Ma Sui sent emissaries to each and persuaded them all to defect. The emperor then appointed Hun Jian military commissioner of Hezhong and Jiang Prefecture and deputy commander-in-chief of the Hezhong, Tonghua, and Shan-Guo field headquarters; appointed Ma Sui military commissioner of the Fengcheng Army and of Jin, Ci, and Xi Prefectures and deputy commander-in-chief of all armies under his command; and ordered them to join Zhenguo commissioner Luo Yuanguang and Yanfang commissioner Tang Chaochen in a combined campaign against Huai Guang. Earlier Wang Wujun had been pressing Kang Rizhi hard at Zhao Prefecture. Ma Sui memorialized the throne asking that Wujun and Li Baozhen be ordered to attack Zhu Tao jointly, that Shen and Zhao be assigned to Wujun, and that Rizhi be transferred to command Jin, Ci, and Xi Prefectures. The emperor agreed. Rizhi had not yet arrived when all three prefectures surrendered to Ma Sui, so the emperor had Sui hold them in the interim. Ma Sui memorialized offering the three prefectures back to Rizhi, arguing that rewarding surrender with territory would invite future commanders to treat defection as a routine path to reward. The emperor praised his integrity and agreed. Ma Sui sent an envoy to escort Rizhi to his new command. When Rizhi arrived, Ma Sui inventoried the prefectural treasury and handed everything over intact.
31
甲辰，以鳳翔節度使李楚琳為左金吾大將軍。
On jiachen day Li Chulin, military commissioner of Fengxiang, was appointed left great general of the Golden Crow Guard.
32
丙午，加渾瑊朔方行營元帥。
On bingwu day Hun Jian was additionally appointed commander-in-chief of the Shuofang field headquarters.
33
李晟至鳳翔，治殺張鎰之罪，斬裨將王斌等十餘人。
When Li Sheng reached Fengxiang he prosecuted those responsible for Zhang Yin's murder and beheaded more than ten officers, including assistant general Wang Bin.
34
朱滔為王武俊所攻，殆不能軍，上表待罪。
Zhu Tao, battered by Wang Wujun's attacks, could barely keep his army together and submitted a memorial accepting blame.
35
癸未，馬燧將步騎三萬攻絳州。
On guiwei day Ma Sui marched thirty thousand infantry and cavalry against Jiang Prefecture.
36
度支以李懷光所部將士數萬與懷光同反，不給冬衣，上曰：「朔方軍累代忠義，今為懷光所制耳，將士何罪！」 冬，十月，已亥，詔：「朔方及諸軍在懷光所者，冬衣及賞錢皆當別貯，俟道路稍通，即時給之。」
Because the tens of thousands of troops under Li Huai Guang had rebelled with him, the treasury withheld their winter clothing. The emperor said: "The Shuofang army has been loyal for generations. Huai Guang alone holds them in his grip. What crime have the rank and file committed? In winter, in the tenth month, on jihai day, an edict was issued: "Winter clothing and reward pay for the Shuofang army and all other troops still with Huai Guang shall be set aside separately and issued the moment the roads are passable again."
37
李勉累表乞自貶，辛丑，罷勉都統、節度使，其檢校司徒、同平章事如故。
Li Mian repeatedly memorialized asking to be demoted. On xinchou day he was stripped of his posts as overall commander and military commissioner, but retained his honorary titles of grand preceptor and co-equal with the Department of State Affairs.
38
丙辰，李懷光將閻晏寇同州，官軍敗於沙苑。 詔征邠州之軍，韓游瑰將甲士六千赴之。
On bingchen day Li Huai Guang's general Yan Yan raided Tong Prefecture, and the imperial army was routed at Shayuan. An edict mobilized the Bin Prefecture army, and Han Yougui marched six thousand armored troops to reinforce the front.
39
乙丑，馬燧拔絳州，分兵取聞喜、萬泉、虞鄉、永樂、猗氏。
On yichou day Ma Sui took Jiang Prefecture and sent detachments to seize Wenxi, Wanquan, Yuxiang, Yongle, and Yishi.
40
初，魚朝恩既誅，代宗不復使宦官典兵。 上即位，悉以禁兵委白志貞，志貞得罪，上復以宦官竇文場代之，從幸山南，兩軍稍集。 上還長安，頗忌宿將握兵多者，稍稍罷之。 戊辰，以文場監神策軍左廂兵馬使，王希遷監石廂兵馬使，始令宦官分典禁旅。
After Yu Chaoen's execution, Emperor Daizong had ceased appointing eunuchs to command troops. When the present emperor took the throne he entrusted the entire palace guard to Bai Zhizhen. After Zhizhen fell from favor the emperor replaced him with the eunuch Dou Wenchang. Dou accompanied the emperor to Shannan, and the two palace armies gradually reassembled. After returning to Chang'an the emperor grew wary of veteran generals who commanded large armies and gradually stripped them of their commands. On wuchen day Dou Wenchang was appointed overseer of the left wing of the Shence Army's horse and infantry and Wang Xiqian overseer of the right wing—the first time eunuchs were given divided command of the palace guard.
41
閏月，丙子，以涇原節度使田希鑒為衛尉卿。 李晟初至鳳翔，希鑒遣使參候，晟謂使者曰：「涇州逼近吐蕃，萬一入寇，州兵能獨御之乎？ 欲遣兵防援，又未知田尚書意。」 使者歸，以告希鑒，希鑒果請援兵，晟遣腹心將彭令英等戍涇州。 晟尋托巡邊詣涇州，希鑒出迎，晟與之並轡而入，道舊結歡。 希鑒妻李氏，以叔父事晟，晟謂之田郎。 晟命具三日食，曰：「巡撫畢，即還鳳翔。」 希鑒不復疑。 晟置宴，希鑒與將佐俱詣晟營。 晟伏甲於外廡，既食而飲，彭令英引涇州諸將下堂。 晟曰：「我與汝曹久別，各宜自言姓名。」 於是得為亂者石奇等三十餘人，讓之曰：「汝曹屢為逆亂，殘害忠良，固天地所不容！」 悉引出，斬之。 希鑒尚在座，晟顧曰：「田郎亦不得無過，以親知之故，當使身首得完。」 希鑒曰：「唯。」 遂引出，縊殺之，並其子萼。 晟入其營，諭以誅希鑒之意，眾股慄，無敢動者。
In the intercalary month, on bingzi day, Tian Xijian, military commissioner of Jingyuan, was appointed minister of the guard. When Li Sheng first reached Fengxiang, Tian Xijian sent an envoy to pay his respects. Sheng told the envoy: "Jing Prefecture lies hard against the Tibetan frontier. If the Tibetans should raid, can the local garrison hold them off alone? I would like to send troops to reinforce the prefecture, but I do not yet know what Minister Tian intends." When the envoy returned and relayed this, Tian Xijian promptly requested reinforcements. Sheng sent his trusted generals Peng Lingying and others to garrison Jing Prefecture. Sheng soon pleaded a frontier inspection and rode to Jing Prefecture. Tian Xijian came out to welcome him, and the two entered the city riding side by side, speaking warmly of old friendship. Tian Xijian's wife, Lady Li, treated Sheng as an uncle by marriage, and Sheng affectionately called her husband "Young Tian." Sheng ordered three days' rations prepared and said: "Once my inspection is done I shall return straightaway to Fengxiang." Tian Xijian's suspicions were put to rest. Sheng hosted a banquet, and Tian Xijian and his officers all came to his camp. Sheng had armored men concealed in the outer corridor. After the meal, as wine was being served, Peng Lingying led the Jing Prefecture generals from the hall. Sheng said: "We have been long apart. Each of you—give your name." More than thirty men implicated in the rebellions—including Shi Qi—stepped forward. Sheng rebuked them: "You have again and again risen in rebellion and butchered the loyal. Heaven and earth themselves cannot abide such men!" He had them all led out and beheaded. Tian Xijian was still at table. Sheng turned to him and said: "Young Tian, you are not without fault—but because we are kin by marriage, I shall let you die whole." Tian Xijian said only: "Yes." He was led out and strangled, together with his son E. Sheng entered the Jing Prefecture camp and explained why Tian Xijian had been executed. The troops trembled with fear and none dared move.
42
李希烈遣其將翟崇暉悉眾圍陳州，久之，不克。 李澄知大梁兵少，不能制滑州，遂焚希烈所授旌節，誓眾歸國。 甲午，以澄為汴滑節度使。
Li Xilie sent his general Zhai Chonghui with the full rebel host to besiege Chen Prefecture, but after a long siege the city still held. Li Cheng saw that Daliang's garrison was too thin to hold Hua Prefecture. He burned the banner and credentials Li Xilie had granted him and rallied his troops to swear loyalty to the throne. On jiawu day Li Cheng was appointed military commissioner of Bian and Hua Prefectures.
43
宋亳節度使劉洽遣馬步都虞候劉昌與隴右、幽州行營節度使曲環等將兵三萬救陳州，十一月，癸卯，敗翟崇暉於州西，斬首三萬五千級，擒崇暉以獻。 乘勝進攻汴州，李希烈懼，奔歸蔡州。 李澄引兵趣汴州，至城北，恇怯不敢進。 劉洽兵至成東。 戊午，李希烈守將田懷珍開門納之。 明日，澄入，捨於浚儀。 兩軍之士，日有忿鬩。 會希烈鄭州守將孫液降於澄，澄引兵屯鄭州。 詔以都統司馬寶鼎薛玨為汴州刺史。 李勉至長安，素服待罪。 議者多以「勉失守大梁，不應尚為相。」 李泌言於上曰：「李勉公忠雅正，而用兵非其所長。 乃大梁不守，將士棄妻子而從之者殆二萬人，足以見其得眾心矣。 且劉洽出勉麾下，勉至睢陽，悉舉其眾以授之，卒平大梁，亦勉之功也。」 上乃命勉復其位。 議者又言：「韓滉聞鑾輿在外，聚兵修石頭城，陰蓄異志。」 上疑之，以問李泌，對曰：「滉公忠清儉，自車駕在外，滉貢獻不絕。 且鎮撫江東十五州，盜賊不起，皆滉之力也。 所以修石頭城者，滉見中原板蕩，謂陛下將有永嘉之行，為迎扈之備耳。 此乃人臣忠篤之慮，奈何更以為罪乎！ 滉性剛嚴，不附權貴，故多謗毀，願陛下察之，臣敢保其無它。」 上曰：「外議洶洶，章奏如麻，卿弗聞乎？」 對曰：「臣固聞之。 其子皋為考功員外郎，今不敢歸省其親，正以謗語沸騰故也。」 上曰：「其子猶懼如此，卿奈何保之？」 對曰：「滉之用心，臣知之至熟。 願上章明其無它，乞宣示中書，使朝眾皆知之。」 上曰：「朕方欲用卿，人亦何易可保！ 慎勿違眾，恐並為卿累也。」 泌退，遂上章，請以百口保滉。 它日，上謂泌曰：「卿竟上章，已為卿留中。 雖知卿與滉親舊，豈得不自愛其身乎！」 對曰：「臣豈肯私於親舊以負陛下！ 顧滉實無異心，臣之上章，以為朝廷，非為身也。」 上曰：「如何其為朝廷？」 對曰：「今天下旱、蝗，關中米斗千錢，倉廩耗竭，而江東豐稔。 願陛下早下臣章以解朝眾之惑，面諭韓皋使之歸覲，令滉感謝無自疑之心，速運糧儲，豈非為朝廷邪？」 上曰：「善！ 朕深諭之矣。」 即下泌章，令韓皋謁告歸覲，面賜緋衣，諭以「卿父比有謗言，朕今知其所以，釋然不覆信矣。」 因言：「關中乏糧，歸語卿父，宜速致之。」 皋至潤州，滉感悅流涕，即日，自臨水濱發米百萬斛，聽皋留五日即還朝。 皋別其母，啼聲聞於外。 滉怒，召出，撻之，自送至江上，冒風濤而遣之。 既而陳少游聞滉貢米，亦貢二十萬斛。 上謂李泌曰：「韓滉乃能化陳少游亦貢米矣！」 對曰：「豈惟少游，諸道將爭入貢矣！」
Liu Qia, military commissioner of Song and Bo, sent his chief adjutant Liu Chang together with Qu Huan, commissioner of the Longyou and Youzhou field headquarters, and others at the head of thirty thousand troops to relieve Chen Prefecture. In the eleventh month, on guimao day, they routed Zhai Chonghui west of the city, took thirty-five thousand heads, and captured Chonghui alive. The victors pressed on toward Bian Prefecture. Li Xilie, terrified, fled back to Cai Prefecture. Li Cheng marched on Bian Prefecture but halted at the north wall, too fearful to enter. Liu Qia's army reached Chengdong. On wuwu day Li Xilie's garrison commander Tian Huaizhen opened the gates and welcomed the imperial army in. The next day Li Cheng entered the city and took up quarters at Junyi. Soldiers of the two armies brawled with one another day after day. When Li Xilie's Zheng Prefecture commander Sun Ye defected to Li Cheng, Cheng marched his troops to occupy Zheng Prefecture. An edict appointed Xue Jue of Baoding, staff officer to the overall commander, prefect of Bian Prefecture. Li Mian reached Chang'an dressed in plain white and waited to accept punishment. Many at court argued that "Mian lost Daliang and should no longer serve as chief minister. Li Mi told the emperor: "Li Mian is loyal, upright, and principled, but warfare is not his strength. When Daliang fell, nearly twenty thousand soldiers abandoned their wives and children to follow him—that alone shows how deeply they trusted him. Liu Qia served under Mian. When Mian reached Suiyang he turned his entire force over to Liu Qia, who in the end recovered Daliang—that victory is Mian's as well." The emperor ordered Li Mian restored to office. Critics spoke again: "When Han Huang learned the emperor had fled the capital, he gathered troops and fortified Shitou City—clear evidence of secret disloyalty. The emperor was troubled and asked Li Mi. Mi replied: "Han Huang is loyal, upright, and austere. From the day Your Majesty left the capital his tribute shipments never stopped. He has kept peace across fifteen prefectures east of the Yangzi without a single bandit rising. That is Han Huang's doing. He fortified Shitou City because he saw the heartland in chaos and believed Your Majesty might need a refuge like the Yongjia flight—he was preparing to receive and protect the throne, nothing more. That is the foresight of a loyal subject. How can it be turned into a crime? Han Huang is stern by nature and refuses to court the powerful, so he has many enemies. I beg Your Majesty to look closely—I will stake my life that he harbors no disloyalty." The emperor said: "The talk outside court is a roar, and memorials pile up like sheaves of hemp. Have you not heard any of it? Mi replied: "I have heard it, of course. His son Gao serves as an outer office director in the Ministry of Personnel. He dares not even visit his father at home—such is the fury of the slander." The emperor said: "If even his son is this afraid, how can you vouch for him? Mi replied: "I know Han Huang's heart better than anyone. Let me memorialize the throne declaring his innocence and ask that the edict be circulated through the Secretariat so all court may know the truth." The emperor said: "I am about to rely on you myself. No man's loyalty is so easily guaranteed! Take care not to defy public opinion—you may bring ruin upon yourself as well." Mi withdrew—and immediately submitted a memorial pledging the lives of his entire household in Han Huang's defense. Some days later the emperor said to Li Mi: "You submitted that memorial after all. I have kept it on my desk and taken no action—for your sake. I know you and Han Huang are old friends—but should you not have more regard for your own safety!" Mi replied: "How could I put personal ties ahead of my duty to Your Majesty! Han Huang truly has no treacherous intent. I spoke up for the sake of the dynasty—not for myself." The emperor asked: "How was that for the good of the court? Mi answered: "The realm suffers drought and locusts. In Guanzhong a dou of rice costs a thousand cash and the granaries are empty—yet the lands east of the Yangtze have had a fine harvest. If Your Majesty would publish my memorial and clear the court's suspicions; if you would summon Han Gao home and tell him face to face that his father is cleared; if Han Huang could be grateful rather than fearful and rush grain north—would that not serve the dynasty?" The emperor said: "Well said! I understand you fully." The emperor published Mi's memorial, granted Han Gao leave to visit home, and personally gave him scarlet robes. "Your father has been much slandered," he said. "I now understand why, and I shall not believe such rumors again. He added: "Guanzhong is starving for grain. Tell your father to send supplies at once. When Han Gao reached Runzhou, Han Huang wept with gratitude. That same day Huang went to the waterfront himself and dispatched a million hu of grain. Gao was permitted five days with his family before returning to court. When Gao bid farewell to his mother, his weeping could be heard outside the room. Huang flew into a rage, had him brought out and flogged, then escorted him to the river himself and sent him off through wind and waves. When Chen Shaoyou learned that Han Huang had sent tribute grain, he contributed two hundred thousand hu as well. The emperor told Li Mi: "Han Huang has even won over Chen Shaoyou—look, he sent grain too! Mi replied: "It will not stop with Shaoyou. Every circuit in the empire will rush to send tribute!"
44
吏部尚書、同平章事蕭復奉使自江、淮還，與李勉、盧翰、劉從一俱見上。 勉等退，復獨留，言於上曰：「陳少游任兼將相，首敗臣節，韋皋幕府下僚，獨建忠義，請以皋代少游鎮淮南，使善惡著明。 上然之。 尋遣中使馬欽緒揖劉從一附耳語而去。 諸相還閤。 從一詣復曰：「欽緒宣旨，令從一與公議朝來所言事，即奏行之，勿令李、盧知。 敢問何事也？」 復曰：「唐、虞黜陟，岳牧僉諧。 爵人於朝，與士共之。 使李、盧不堪為相，則罷之。 既在相位，朝廷政事，安得不與之同議而獨隱此一事乎！ 此最當今之大弊，朝來主上已有斯言，復已面陳其不可，不謂聖意尚爾。 復不惜與公奏行之，但恐浸以成俗，未敢以告。」 竟不以事語從一。 從一奏之，上愈不悅，復乃上表辭位，乙丑，罷為左庶子。 劉洽克汴州，得《李希烈起居注》，云「某月日，陳少游上表歸順。」 少游聞之慚懼，發疾，十二月，乙亥，薨。 贈太尉，賻祭如常儀。 淮南大將王韶欲自為留後，令將士推己知軍事，且欲大掠。 韓滉遣使謂之曰：「汝敢為亂，吾即日全軍渡江誅汝矣！」 韶等懼而讓。 上聞之喜，謂李泌曰：「滉不惟安江東，又能安淮南，真大臣之器，卿可謂知人！」 庚辰，加滉平章事，江淮轉運使。 滉運江、淮粟帛入貢府，無虛月，韓廷賴之，使者勞問相繼，恩遇始深矣。
Xiao Fu, Minister of Personnel and chief minister, had returned from a mission to the Jiang-Huai region. He appeared before the emperor together with Li Mian, Lu Han, and Liu Congyi. After the others withdrew, Xiao Fu stayed behind. "Chen Shaoyou held both civil and military rank yet was the first to betray the throne," he said. "Wei Gao was a junior staff officer who alone stood firm. I ask that Gao replace Shaoyou as military governor of Huainan, so reward and punishment are plain for all to see. The emperor agreed. Soon the palace envoy Ma Qinxu was sent to Liu Congyi. He bowed, whispered in his ear, and left. The chief ministers returned to the privy council chamber. Liu Congyi sought out Xiao Fu. "Ma Qinxu conveyed the emperor's order," he said. "You and I are to discuss this morning's proposal, memorialize it at once, and execute it—without informing Li Mian or Lu Han. May I ask what it concerns? Xiao Fu said: "Even under the sage kings Yao and Shun, dismissals and promotions were debated openly among the regional lords. Bestowing rank at court was a matter debated with all the ministers. If Li Mian and Lu Han are unfit to serve, dismiss them. But if they remain in office, how can we deliberate on state affairs without them while concealing this one decision! This is the worst failing of our court. This morning the emperor spoke of doing exactly that, and I told him to his face it was wrong. I never thought he would still insist. I would not refuse to carry out your order—but I fear it will become habit, and that is why I could not disclose the matter. In the end he never told Liu Congyi what the proposal was. Liu Congyi reported the exchange anyway. The emperor's displeasure deepened. Xiao Fu submitted his resignation. On yichou day he was dismissed and made tutor to the heir apparent. When Liu Qia took Bianzhou he found Li Xilie's daily record, which noted that on a certain date Chen Shaoyou had submitted a memorial pledging allegiance to the rebel. When Shaoyou learned of this he was stricken with shame and fear. He fell ill and died in the twelfth month, on yihai day. He was posthumously ennobled as Grand Preceptor, and the usual rites of condolence were observed. Wang Shao, a senior Huainan general, sought to declare himself acting military governor. He had his troops nominate him to command and planned a general sack of the region. Han Huang sent a messenger: "Raise rebellion and my entire army crosses the Yangtze this very day to destroy you! Wang Shao and his followers, terrified, backed down. The emperor was delighted. He told Li Mi: "Han Huang not only pacifies the Jiangdong region—he has secured Huainan as well. That is the mark of a true statesman. You knew the man well! On gengchen day Han Huang was made chief minister and commissioner for Jiang-Huai grain transport. Month after month Han Huang shipped Jiang-Huai grain and silk to the capital without fail. The court depended on him; imperial envoys bearing commendations arrived in steady succession, and royal favor deepened.
45
是歲蝗遍遠近，草木無遺，惟不食稻，大饑，道殣相望。
That year locusts ravaged the land, stripping every plant except rice. Famine followed. Corpses lined the roads as far as the eye could see.
46
德宗神武聖文皇帝六貞元元年（ 乙丑，公元七八五年）
Emperor Dezong, the Divine Martial and Sagely Literate — First year of Zhenyuan ( yichou, AD 785)
47
春，正月，丁酉朔，赦天下，改元。
In spring, the first month, on the new moon of dingyou day, the emperor proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the era name.
48
癸丑，贈顏真卿司徒，謚曰文忠。
On guichou day Yan Zhenqing was posthumously ennobled as Palace Secretary with the posthumous title Wenzhong, "Cultured and Loyal."
49
新州司馬盧杞遇赦，移吉州長史，謂人曰：「吾必再入。」 未幾，上果用為饒州刺史。 給事中袁高應草制，執以白盧翰、劉從一曰：「盧杞作相，致鑾輿播遷，海內瘡痍，奈何遽遷大郡！ 願相公執奏。」 翰等不從，更命它舍人草制。 乙卯，製出，高執之不下，且奏：「杞極惡窮凶，百辟疾之若仇，六軍思食其肉，何可復用！」 上不聽。 補闕陳京、趙需等上疏曰：「杞三年擅權，百揆失敘，天地神祇所知，華夏、蠻夷同棄。 倘加巨奸之寵，必失萬姓之心。」 丁巳，袁高復於正牙論奏。 上曰：「杞已再更赦。」 高曰：「赦者止原其罪，不可為刺史。」 陳京等亦爭之不已，曰：「杞之執政，百官常如兵在其頸，今復用之，則奸黨皆唾掌而起。」 上大怒，左右辟易，諫者稍引卻，京顧曰：「趙需等勿退，此國大事，當以死爭之。」 上怒稍解。 戊午，上謂宰相：「與杞小州刺史，可乎？」 李勉曰：「陛下欲與之，雖大州亦可，其如天下失望何！」 壬戌，以杞為澧州別駕。 使謂袁高曰：「朕徐思卿言，誠為至當。」 又謂李泌曰：「朕已可袁高所奏。」 泌曰：「累日外人竊議，比陛下於桓、靈； 今承德音，乃堯、舜之不逮也！」 上悅。 杞竟卒於澧州。 高，恕己之孫也。
Lu Qi, former military adjutant of Xinzhou, was pardoned and transferred to chief administrator of Jizhou. "I shall rise again," he told acquaintances. Before long the emperor appointed him prefect of Raozhou, just as he had predicted. Yuan Gao of the Secretariat, who was assigned to draft the appointment edict, brought the draft to Lu Han and Liu Congyi. "Lu Qi as chief minister drove the emperor into exile and left the realm in ruins," he said. "How can he be given a major prefecture so soon! I beg you, chief ministers, to memorialize against this. Lu Han and the others refused. Another drafting attendant was ordered to write the edict instead. On yimao day the edict was issued. Yuan Gao refused to promulgate it and memorialized: "Lu Qi is utterly wicked. Every official in court hates him; every soldier in the army would gladly see him torn apart. He must not be restored! The emperor would not heed him. Remonstrance officials Chen Jing, Zhao Xu, and others submitted memorials: "For three years Lu Qi wielded unchecked power and threw the bureaucracy into chaos. Heaven knows his crimes; Chinese and barbarian alike have cast him off. To honor so great a villain would forfeit the loyalty of the people. On dingsi day Yuan Gao raised the matter again in open court. The emperor said: "Lu Qi has already been pardoned twice. Yuan Gao replied: "A pardon forgives the crime—it does not entitle a man to govern a prefecture. Chen Jing and the others pressed the argument relentlessly. "Under Lu Qi's rule every official lived with a blade at his throat," they said. "Restore him and every villain in the empire will stir. The emperor erupted in fury. Attendants scattered. The remonstrators began to withdraw. Chen Jing called out: "Zhao Xu—do not leave! This is a matter of state. We must dispute it even at the cost of our lives. The emperor's rage subsided somewhat. On wuwu day the emperor asked the chief ministers: "What if I appoint him to a small prefecture? Li Mian replied: "If Your Majesty insists, even a great prefecture would be within your power—but think of the despair this would bring across the empire! On renxu day Lu Qi was appointed vice-prefect of Lizhou—a minor post far from power. The emperor sent word to Yuan Gao: "I have reflected on what you said. You were entirely right. He told Li Mi as well: "I have accepted Yuan Gao's memorial. Li Mi said: "For days now people have whispered, comparing Your Majesty to the corrupt emperors Huan and Ling of Han; to hear Your Majesty's decision today—even Yao and Shun could not have done better! The emperor was pleased. Lu Qi died in exile at Lizhou. Yuan Gao was the grandson of Su Ji.
50
三月，李希烈陷鄧州。
In the third month Li Xilie captured Dengzhou.
51
戊午，以汴滑節度使李澄為鄭滑節度使。
On wuwu day Li Cheng, military governor of Bian-Hua, was transferred to govern Zheng-Hua.
52
以代宗女嘉誠公主妻田緒。
Princess Jiacheng, daughter of Emperor Daizong, was given in marriage to Tian Xu.
53
李懷光都虞候呂鳴岳密通款於馬燧，事洩，懷光殺之，屠其家。 事連幕僚高郢、李鄘，懷光集將士而責之，郢、鄘抗言逆順，無所慚隱，懷光囚之。 鄘，邕之侄孫也。 馬燧軍於寶鼎，敗懷光兵於陶城，斬首萬餘級，分兵會渾瑊，逼河中。
Lu Mingyue, chief of army supervision under Li Huaiguang, secretly offered his loyalty to Ma Sui. When the plot was discovered, Huaiguang executed him and slaughtered his entire family. The investigation implicated staff officers Gao Ying and Li Yong. Huaiguang assembled his officers and rebuked them. Gao and Li spoke boldly on loyalty and treason without evasion. Huaiguang had them imprisoned. Li Yong was the grand-nephew of the elder Li Yong. Ma Sui encamped at Baoding and routed Li Huaiguang's army at Taocheng, taking more than ten thousand heads. He then split his forces to join Hun Jian and pressed the siege toward Hezhong.
54
夏，四月，丁丑，以曹王皋為荊南節度，李希烈將李思登以隨州降之。
In summer, the fourth month, on dingchou day Prince Cao Li Gao was appointed military governor of Jingnan. Li Sideng, a general under Li Xilie, surrendered Suizhou to him.
55
壬午，馬燧、渾瑊破李懷光兵於長春宮南，遂掘塹圍宮城。 懷光諸將相繼來降。 詔以燧、瑊為招扶使。
On renwu day Ma Sui and Hun Jian routed Li Huaiguang's forces south of Changchun Palace, then dug trenches and encircled the palace compound. Li Huaiguang's generals surrendered one after another. An edict appointed Ma Sui and Hun Jian commissioners for receiving surrenders.
56
五月，丙申，劉洽更名玄佐。
In the fifth month, on bingshen day, Liu Qia changed his name to Xuanzuo.
57
韓游瑰請兵於渾瑊，共取朝邑。 李懷光將閻晏欲爭之，士卒指邠軍曰：「彼非吾父兄，則吾子弟，奈何以白刃相向乎！」 語甚囂。 晏遽引兵去。 懷光知眾心不從，乃詐稱欲歸國，聚貨財，飾車馬，運俟路通入貢，由是得復逾旬月。
Han Yougui asked Hun Jian for reinforcements to jointly capture Chaoyi. Li Huaiguang's general Yan Yan moved to oppose them. The soldiers pointed at Han Yougui's Binzhou troops and cried: "Those men are our fathers, brothers, and sons! How can we turn our blades on them! The outcry was fierce. Yan Yan immediately withdrew his troops. Seeing that his army would not fight, Huaiguang feigned a desire to submit. He stockpiled wealth, decked out horses and carriages, and pretended to be preparing tribute for the emperor—buying himself another month and more of delay.
58
六月，辛巳，以劉玄佐兼汴州刺史。
In the sixth month, on xinsi day, Liu Xuanzuo was additionally appointed prefect of Bianzhou.
59
辛卯，以金吾大將軍韋皋為西川節度使。
On xinmao day Wei Gao, Grand General of the Golden Guard, was appointed military governor of Xichuan.
60
朱滔病死，將士奉前涿州刺史劉怦知軍事。
Zhu Tao died of illness. His officers installed Liu Ping, former prefect of Zhuo, as acting commander.
61
時連年旱、蝗，度支資糧匱竭，言事者多請赦李懷光。 李晟上言：「赦懷光有五不可：河中距長安才三百里，同州當其衝，多兵則未為示信，少兵則不足提防，忽驚東偏，何以制之！ 一也； 今赦懷光，必以晉、絳、慈、隰還之，渾瑊既無所詣，康日知又應遷移，土宇不安，何以獎勵，二也； 陛下連兵一年，討除小丑，兵力未窮，遽赦其反逆之罪； 今西有吐蕃，北有回紇，南有淮西，皆觀我強弱，不謂陛下施德澤，愛黎元，乃謂兵屈於人而自罷耳，必競起窺覦之心。 三也； 懷光既赦，則朔方將士皆應敘勳行賞，今府庫方虛，賞不滿望，是愈激之使叛，四也； 既解河中，罷諸道兵，賞典不舉，怨言必起，五也。 今河中斗米五百，芻蒿且盡，牆壁之間，餓殍甚眾。 且其軍中大將殺戮略盡，陛下敕諸道圍守旬時，彼必有內潰之變，何必養腹心之疾，為他日之悔哉！」 又請發兵二萬，自備資糧，獨討懷光。 秋，七月，甲午朔，馬燧自行營入朝，奏稱：「懷光凶逆尤甚，赦之無以令天下，願更得一月糧，必為陛下平之。」 上許之。
Years of drought and locusts had drained the treasury. Many at court urged the emperor to pardon Li Huaiguang. Li Sheng memorialized: "There are five reasons not to pardon Li Huaiguang. Hezhong lies only three hundred li from Chang'an, with Tongzhou directly in its path. Station many troops there and we show no trust; station few and we cannot defend. If the eastern frontier is suddenly threatened, how do we respond? That is the first reason. First; Second: pardon him and we must return Jin, Jiang, Ci, and Xi to his control. Hun Jian would have nowhere to go; Kang Rizhi would have to be relocated as well. With territories in flux, how do we reward loyalty? Third: Your Majesty has campaigned for a year to crush this rebel. Our strength is nowhere near spent—yet we would suddenly forgive treason. Fourth: Tibet watches from the west, the Uyghurs from the north, Huai-Xi from the south. They weigh our strength. They will not believe Your Majesty acts from mercy—they will read it as weakness, that our armies were beaten and withdrew of their own accord. Every enemy at our borders will reach for ambition. Third; Fourth: pardon Huaiguang and every Shuofang soldier will expect merit pay and rewards. The treasury is empty. Shortchanged men rebel all the more readily. Fifth: lift the siege of Hezhong, send the allied armies home, and fail to honor the promised rewards—and muttering will turn to open grievance. Hezhong already pays five hundred cash for a dou of rice. Fodder and fuel are nearly gone. Between the city walls, the dead of hunger lie thick. His senior commanders have slaughtered one another until almost none remain. Hold the siege another ten days and the camp will tear itself apart from within. Why keep a poison at your vitals only to rue it later? He also asked to lead twenty thousand men at his own expense and finish Huaiguang himself. In the seventh month of autumn, on the first day (jiawu), Ma Sui came to court from camp and memorialized: "Huaiguang's treason is too brazen for pardon; amnesty would cost you the realm's respect. Give me one month's rations and I will settle him for Your Majesty. The emperor agreed.
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陝虢都知兵馬使達奚抱暉鴆殺節度使張勸，代總軍務，邀求旌節，且陰召李懷光將達奚小俊為援。 上謂李泌曰：「若蒲、陝連衡，則猝不可制。 且抱暉據陝，則水陸之運皆絕矣。 不得不煩卿一往。」 辛丑，以泌為陝虢都防禦水陸運使。 上欲以神策軍送泌之官，問「須幾何人？」 對曰：「陝城三面懸絕，攻之未可以歲月下也，臣請以單騎入之。」 上曰：「單騎如何可入？」 對曰：「陝城之人，不貫逆命，此特抱暉為惡耳。 若以大兵臨之，彼閉壁定矣。 臣今單騎抵其近郊，彼舉在兵則非敵，若遣小校來殺臣，未必不更為臣用也。 且今河東全軍屯安邑，馬燧入朝，願敕燧與臣同辭皆行，使陝人欲加害於臣，則畏河東移軍討之，此亦一勢也。」 上曰：「雖然，朕方大用卿，寧失陝州，不可失卿，當更使他人往耳。」 對曰：「他人必不能入。 今事變之初，眾心未定，故可出其不意，奪其奸謀。 他人猶豫遷延，彼既成謀，則不得前矣。」 上許之。 泌見陝州進奏官及將吏在長安者，語之曰：「主上以陝、虢饑，故不授泌節而領運使，欲令督江、淮米以賑之耳。 陝州行營在夏縣，若抱暉可用，當使將之。 有功，則賜旌節矣。」 抱暉覘者馳告之，抱暉稍自安。 泌具以語白上曰：「欲使其士卒思米，抱暉思節，必不害臣矣。」 上曰：「善！」 戊申，泌與馬燧俱辭行。 庚戌，加泌陝虢觀察使。 泌出潼關，鄜坊節度使唐朝臣以步騎三千佈於關外，曰：「奉密詔送公至陝。」 泌曰：「辭日奉進止，以便宜從事。 此一人不可相躡而來，來則吾不得入陝矣。」 唐臣以受詔不敢去，泌寫宣以卻之，因疾驅而前。 抱暉不使將佐出迎，惟偵者相繼。 沁宿曲沃，將佐不俟抱暉之命來迎，泌笑曰：「吾事濟矣！」 去城十五里，抱暉亦出謁。 泌稱其攝事保完城隍之功，曰：「軍中煩言，不足介意。 公等職事皆按堵如故。」 抱暉出而喜。 泌既入城視事，賓佐有請屏人白事者。 泌曰：「易帥之際，軍中煩言，乃其常理，泌到，自妥貼矣，不願聞也。」 由是反仄者皆自安。 泌但索簿書，治糧儲。 明日，召抱暉至宅，語之曰：「吾非愛汝而不誅，恐自今有危疑之地，朝廷所命將帥皆不能入，故丐汝餘生，汝為我繼版、幣祭前使，慎無入關，自擇安處，潛來取家，保無它也。」 泌之辭行也，上籍陝將預於亂者七十五人授泌，使誅之。 泌既遣抱暉，日中，宣慰使至。 泌奏「已遣抱暉，餘不足問。」 上復遣中使詣陝，必使誅之。 泌不得已，械兵馬使林滔等五人送京帥，懇請赦之。 詔謫戍天德； 歲餘，竟殺之。 而抱暉遂亡命，不知所這。 達奚小俊引兵至境，聞泌已入陝而還。
Daxi Baohui, chief army commissioner of Shan-Guo, poisoned Military Commissioner Zhang Quan, seized command of the army, demanded his own commissioner's banner and credentials, and secretly called in Li Huaiguang's general Daxi Xiaojun for support. The emperor told Li Mi: "If Huaiguang at Pu and Baohui at Shan join forces, we will lose control in an instant. With Baohui holding Shanzhou, every water and land route for supplies will be severed. I have no choice but to ask you to go yourself. On xinchou day the emperor appointed Mi chief defender of Shan-Guo and commissioner for water-and-land transport. The emperor wanted the Shence Army to escort Mi to his post and asked, "How many men do you need? Mi replied: "Shanzhou's walls drop away on three sides. A siege would take more than a year. Let me ride in alone. The emperor said: "How can you enter alone? Mi said: "The people of Shan are not rebels by nature. Only Baohui is the villain here. Send a large army and they will bar the gates at once. If I ride alone to their outskirts, their whole garrison cannot stop me. And if Baohui sends some low officer to cut me down, that man may yet serve me instead. The entire Hedong army is at Anyi, and Ma Sui has just come to court. Order him and me to take leave and depart together. Anyone in Shan who thinks of harming me will fear Hedong marching against them. That too is leverage. The emperor said: "Even so, I mean to rely on you heavily. I would rather lose Shanzhou than lose you. I ought to send someone else. Mi said: "No one else can get in. The crisis is fresh and minds are still unsettled. That is when surprise can break their conspiracy. Anyone else would hesitate. Once their plans harden, no envoy will pass the gates. The emperor agreed. Mi sought out Shanzhou's memorial envoy and every officer from the circuit then in Chang'an and told them: "His Majesty knows Shan and Guo are starving. That is why he gave me no commissioner's banner, only the transport post—to bring Jiang-Huai grain and feed the people. The Shanzhou field headquarters is at Xia County. If Baohui proves useful, he should command it. Serve well, and he will receive his commissioner's banner and credentials. Baohui's spies raced the news to him, and he began to relax. Mi told the emperor the whole plan: "Let the troops hunger for grain and Baohui hunger for a commission. Then he will not dare harm me. The emperor said: "Excellent! On wushen day Mi and Ma Sui both took formal leave and set out. On gengxu day Mi was further appointed observation commissioner of Shan-Guo. Mi crossed Tong Pass. Yanfang Commissioner Tang Chaochen drew up three thousand foot and horse outside the gate and said, "By secret edict I am to escort you to Shan. Mi said: "When I took leave His Majesty told me to use my own judgment. Not one man may follow on my heels. If they do, I will never enter Shan. Tang Chaochen, bound by his orders, would not withdraw. Mi wrote out a rescript turning him back and galloped on alone. Baohui kept his officers inside and sent only a chain of scouts. Mi stopped at Quwo. Officers came out to meet him without waiting for Baohui's word. Mi laughed: "It is done! Fifteen li from the city Baohui came out to greet him in person. Mi praised him for keeping order and the walls intact, then said: "Pay no heed to the muttering in the ranks. Every one of you keeps his post and duties unchanged. Baohui withdrew delighted. After Mi entered the city and took up his duties, an aide asked to speak with the room cleared. Mi said: "Restless talk always follows a change of command. Now that I am here, order will settle of itself. I do not wish to hear it. At that every restless soul in the garrison calmed down. Mi asked only for the account books and set about organizing the granaries. The next day he summoned Baohui home and said: "This is not mercy—I spare you because any place under suspicion will shut its gates to the next man the court sends. Take your life and go. Perform the tablet-and-silk rites for the murdered commissioner. Do not cross back through the pass. Choose somewhere safe, slip back for your family, and you will come to no further harm. When Mi had set out, the emperor gave him a roster of seventy-five Shan officers marked for the rebellion and ordered their deaths. Mi had already sent Baohui off when, at noon, the court's pacification envoy arrived. Mi reported: "Baohui is already gone. The rest do not merit pursuit. The emperor sent another palace envoy to Shan and insisted on executions. Mi had no choice. He fettered Army Commissioner Lin Tao and four others and sent them to the capital for execution, pleading earnestly for their lives. An edict sent them into exile garrison at Tiande. More than a year later they were killed after all. Baohui fled into hiding; no one knew where he went. Daxi Xiaojun marched to the border with relief troops, but turned back when he learned Mi was already inside Shan.
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壬子，以劉怦為幽州、盧龍節度使。
On renzi day Liu Ping was appointed military commissioner of Youzhou and Lulong.
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大旱，灞、滻將竭，長安井皆無水。 度支奏中外經費才支七旬。
A severe drought nearly dried up the Ba and Chan rivers. Every well in Chang'an ran dry. The treasury reported that court and provincial funds would last only seventy days.
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CATEGORY:資治通鑑」
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance”