1
資治通鑑第236卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 236
2
【唐紀五十二】起重光大荒落，盡旃蒙作噩，凡五年。
[Tang Records 52] Spanning from Chongguang Dahuangluo through Zhanmeng Zuo'e—a period of five years in all.
3
德宗神武聖文皇帝十一貞元十七年（ 辛巳，公元八零一年）
The eleventh year of Zhenyuan of Emperor Dezong ( xinsi, 801 CE)
4
春，正月，甲寅，韓全義至長安，竇文場為掩其敗跡，上禮遇甚厚。 全義稱足疾，不任朝謁，遣司馬崔放入對。 放為全義引咎，謝無功，上曰：「全義為招討使，能招來少誠，其功大矣，何必殺人然後為功邪！」 閏月，甲戌，歸夏州。 韋士宗既入黔州，妄殺將吏，人心大擾。 士宗懼，三月，脫身亡走。 夏，四月，辛亥，以右諫議大夫裴佶為黔州觀察使。
In spring, on the first day jiayin of the first month, Han Quanyi reached Chang'an. Dou Wenchang concealed the record of his defeat, and the emperor received him with exceptional favor. Quanyi pleaded foot trouble and declined court audience, dispatching his staff officer Cui Fang to respond in his stead. Fang accepted blame for Quanyi and apologized for their lack of success. The emperor said, "As pacification commissioner, Quanyi was able to win over Shaocheng—his achievement is considerable. Must merit always be measured by how many are killed?" In the intercalary month, on jiaxu, Quanyi returned to Xia Prefecture. Once Wei Shizong had taken up office in Qian Prefecture, he killed officers and clerks without cause, throwing the region into turmoil. Fearing for his life, Shizong fled in the third month. In summer, on xinhai of the fourth month, Right Remonstrance Censor Pei Ji was appointed observation commissioner of Qian Prefecture.
5
五月，壬戌朔，日有食之。
In the fifth month, on the new moon renxu, the sun was eclipsed.
6
朔方邠、寧，慶節度使楊朝晟防秋於寧州，乙酉，薨。
Yang Chaosheng, military governor of Shuofang, Bin, Ning, and Qing, was stationed on autumn defense at Ning Prefecture; on yiyou he died.
7
初，渾瑊遣兵馬使李朝寀將兵戌定平。 瑊薨，朝寀請以其眾隸神策軍； 詔許之。
Earlier, Hun Jian had dispatched army-and-horse commissioner Li Chaocai to garrison Dingping with troops. After Jian's death, Chaocai asked that his troops be placed under the Shence Army; and the throne approved.
8
楊朝晟疾亟，召僚佐謂曰：「朝晟必不起，朔方命帥多自本軍，雖徇眾情，殊非國體。 寧州刺史劉南金，練習軍旅，宜使攝行軍，且知軍事，比朝遷擇帥，必無虞矣。」 又以手書授監軍劉英倩，英倩以聞。 軍士私議曰：「朝廷命帥，吾納之，即命劉君，吾事之； 若命帥於它軍，彼必以其麾下來，吾屬被斥矣，必拒之。」
As Yang Chaosheng's illness turned grave, he summoned his staff and said, "I shall not rise again. When Shuofang commanders are chosen from within the same army, the troops may be pleased, but it is poor policy for the realm. Liu Nanjin, prefect of Ning Prefecture, is skilled in military affairs. Let him act as commander of the army and manage military affairs. By the time the court appoints a permanent commander, all will be secure." He also gave a letter in his own hand to army supervisor Liu Yingqian, who reported it upstream. The men whispered among themselves: "If the court names a commander, we will accept him; if it names Lord Liu, we will follow him; but if the commander comes from another army, he will bring his own men and cast us aside—we must refuse."
9
己丑，上遣中使往察軍情，軍中多與南金。 辛卯，上復遺高品薛盈珍繼詔詣寧州。 六月，甲午，盈珍至軍，宣詔曰：「朝寀所將本朔方軍，今將並之，以壯軍勢，威戎狄，以李朝寀為使，南金副之，軍中以為何如？」 諸將皆奉詔。
On jichou the emperor sent a palace envoy to sound out the army; most favored Nanjin. On xinmao he sent the senior eunuch Xue Yingzhen again with a supplementary edict to Ning Prefecture. In the sixth month, on jiawu, Yingzhen arrived and proclaimed: "The force Chaocai commands is originally from Shuofang; it will now be merged to strengthen the army and awe the frontier peoples. Li Chaocai shall be commander and Nanjin deputy—what say you?" The generals all accepted the edict.
10
丙申，都虞候史經言於眾曰：「李公命收弓刀而送甲冑二千。」 軍士皆曰：「李公欲內麾下二千為腹心，吾輩妻子其可保乎！」 夜，造劉南金，欲奉以為帥，南金曰：「節度使固我所欲，然非天子之命則不可，軍中豈無它將乎！ 眾曰：「弓刀皆為官所收，惟軍事府尚有甲兵，欲因以集事。 南金曰：「諸君不願朝寀為帥，宜以情告敕使。 若操甲兵，乃拒詔也。」 命閉門不內。 軍士去，詣兵馬使高固，固逃匿，搜得之。 固曰：「諸君能用吾命則可。」 眾曰：「惟命。」 固曰：「毋殺人，毋掠金帛。」 眾曰：「諾。」 乃共詣監軍，請奏之。 眾曰：「劉君既得朝旨為副帥，必撓吾事。」 詐稱監軍命，召計事，至而殺之。 戊戌，制以李朝寀為邠寧節度使。 是日，寧州告變者至，上追還制書，復遣薛盈珍往詗軍情。 壬寅，至軍，軍中以高固為請，盈珍即以上旨命固知軍事。 或傳戊戌制書至邠州，邠軍惑，不知所從。 奸人乘之，且為變。 留後孟子周悉內精甲於府廷，日饗士卒，內以悅眾心，外以威奸黨。 邠軍無變，子周之謀也。
On bingshen chief adjutant Shi Jing told the troops, "Lord Li has ordered your bows and blades taken and two thousand suits of armor delivered up." The soldiers cried, "Lord Li wants to bring in two thousand of his own men as a personal guard—what becomes of our families!" That night they sought out Liu Nanjin to make him commander. Nanjin said, "I would gladly be military governor, but not without the Son of Heaven's appointment. Is there no other officer in this army? They said, "The authorities have seized our bows and blades; only the military affairs office still holds armor and arms—we mean to use them to act." Nanjin said, "If you will not have Chaocai as commander, tell the edict envoy plainly. To seize arms would be to defy the throne." He shut his gates and refused them entry. They left and went to army-and-horse commissioner Gao Gu, who hid himself until they found him. Gu said, "If you will obey my commands, it may be done." They answered, "We await your word." Gu said, "Do not kill, do not plunder gold or silk." They said, "Agreed." Together they went to the army supervisor and asked him to report upstream. They said, "Lord Liu, now deputy commander by court order, will surely obstruct us." Feigning an order from the army supervisor, they summoned him on business and killed him when he came. On wuxu Li Chaocai was appointed military governor of Bin and Ning by imperial order. That day news of mutiny at Ning arrived; the emperor recalled the appointment and sent Xue Yingzhen again to probe the army. On renyin he reached the camp; the troops asked for Gao Gu, and Yingzhen at once appointed Gu to manage military affairs by imperial order. Word of the wuxu appointment reached Bin Prefecture; the Bin troops were unsettled and unsure whom to obey. Schemers seized the moment and were ready to rise. Acting prefect Meng Zizhou secretly posted elite armor in the government compound and feasted the troops daily—winning their hearts within while cowing plotters without. The Bin army did not rise; this was Zizhou's doing.
11
李錡既執天下利權，以貢獻固主恩，以饋遺結權貴，恃此驕縱，無所忌憚，盜取縣官財，所部官屬無罪受戮者相繼。 浙西布衣崔善貞詣闕上封事，言宮市、進奉及鹽鐵之弊，因言錡不法事。 上覽之，不悅，命械送錡。 錡聞其將至，先鑿坑於道旁。 己亥，善貞至，並鎖械內坑中，生瘞之。 遠近聞之，不寒而慄。 錡復欲為自全計，增廣兵眾，選有材力善射者謂之挽強，胡、奚雜類謂之蕃落，給賜十倍它卒。 轉運判官盧坦屢諫不悛，與幕傣李約等皆去之。 約，勉之子也。
Li Qi had seized the empire's revenue streams, using tribute to secure the emperor's favor and gifts to bind the powerful. Emboldened, he grew reckless, stole state funds, and put innocent subordinates to death in succession. Cui Shanzhen, a commoner of western Zhe, submitted a sealed memorial at court on abuses of the palace market, tribute levies, and the salt-and-iron monopoly, and also denounced Qi's crimes. The emperor read it with displeasure and ordered Shanzhen sent in chains to Qi. Hearing he was on his way, Qi had a pit dug beside the road. On jihai Shanzhen arrived; they shackled him, cast him into the pit, and buried him alive. News of it made men shudder across the land. Qi again sought his own safety, expanded his troops, chose strong archers as "Draw-the-Strong," and enrolled mixed Hu and Xi as "Frontier Settlers," paying them ten times ordinary soldiers. Transportation judge Lu Tan remonstrated in vain and departed with secretariat staff Li Yue and others. Yue was a son of Li Mian.
12
己酉，以高固為邠寧節度使。 固，宿將，以寬厚得眾，節度使忌之，置於散地，同列多輕侮之； 及起為帥，一無所報復，由是軍中遂安。
On jiyou Gao Gu was appointed military governor of Bin and Ning. Gu was a veteran who had won the army through kindness; a military governor had envied him and kept him in a sinecure, and colleagues often looked down on him; yet once he became commander he exacted no revenge, and the army soon settled.
13
丁巳，成德節度使王武俊薨。
On dingsi Wang Wujun, military governor of Chengde, died.
14
秋，七月，戊寅，吐蕃寇鹽州。
In autumn, on wuyin of the seventh month, Tibet raided Salt Prefecture.
15
辛巳，以成德節度副使王士真為節度使。
On xinsi Wang Shizhen, Chengde's deputy military governor, was made military governor.
16
己丑，吐蕃陷麟州，殺刺史郭鋒，夷其城郭，掠居人及党項部落而去。 鋒，曜之子也。 僧延素為虜所得。 虜將有徐舍人者，謂延素曰：「我英公之五代孫也。 武後時，吾高祖建義不成，子孫流播異域，雖代居祿位典兵，然思本之心不忘，顧宗族大，無由自撥耳。 今聽汝歸。」 遂縱之。
On jichou Tibet captured Lin Prefecture, killed Prefect Guo Feng, razed the city, and carried off residents and Tangut tribes. Feng was a son of Guo Yao. The monk Yansu was taken captive. A captor, Retainer Xu, told Yansu, "I am the fifth-generation descendant of Lord Ying. Under Empress Wu my ancestor rose in arms and failed; our line was scattered abroad. Though we have held rank and commanded troops for generations, we have never forgotten our origins—yet our clan is too large to break free. Today I release you to go home." And he let him go.
17
上遣使敕韋皋出兵深入吐蕃以分其勢，紓北邊患。 皋遣將將兵二萬分出九道，攻吐蕃維、保、松州及棲雞、老翁城。
The emperor ordered Wei Gao to strike deep into Tibet to divide their strength and relieve the northern frontier. Gao sent generals with twenty thousand men in nine columns against Tibetan Wei, Bao, and Song prefectures and the strongpoints Qiji and Laoweng.
18
河東節度使鄭儋暴薨，不及命後事，軍中喧嘩，將有它變。 中夜，十餘騎執兵召掌書記令狐楚至軍門，諸將環之，使草遺表。 楚在白刃之中，操筆立成。 楚，德棻之族也。 八月，戊午，以河東行軍司馬嚴綬為節度使。
Zheng Dan, military governor of Hedong, died suddenly without arranging succession; the army roared and was near mutiny. At midnight a dozen horsemen with weapons summoned chief secretary Linghu Chu to the gate; the generals ringed him and made him draft the death memorial. Amid naked blades Chu took brush and finished on the spot. Chu belonged to the clan of Linghu Defen. In the eighth month, on wuwu, Hedong marching army supervisor Yan Shou was appointed military governor.
19
九月，韋皋奏大破吐蕃於雅州。
In the ninth month Wei Gao reported a great defeat of Tibet at Ya Prefecture.
20
左神策中尉竇文場致仕，以副使楊志廉代之。
Dou Wenchang, chief of the Left Shence Army, retired; deputy Yang Zhiqian replaced him.
21
韋皋屢破吐蕃，轉戰千里，凡撥城七，軍鎮五，焚堡百五十，斬首萬餘級，捕虜六千，降戶三千，遂圍維州及昆明城。 冬，十月，庚子，加皋檢校司徒兼中書令，賜爵南康王。 南詔王異牟尋虜獲尤多，上遣中使慰撫之。
Wei Gao repeatedly defeated Tibet in campaigns of a thousand li: seven cities taken, five garrisons, a hundred fifty forts burned, more than ten thousand heads, six thousand captives, three thousand households who surrendered—and then he besieged Wei Prefecture and Kunming. In winter, on gengzi of the tenth month, Gao was made acting Minister of Works and Grand Councillor and created Prince of Nankang. King Yi Mouxun of Nanzhao had taken many captives; the emperor sent a palace envoy to comfort him.
22
戊午，鹽州剌史杜彥先棄城奔慶州。
On wuwu Salt Prefecture prefect Du Yanxian abandoned his post and fled to Qing Prefecture.
23
德宗神武聖文皇帝十一貞元十八年（ 壬午，公元八零二年）
The twelfth year of Zhenyuan of Emperor Dezong ( renwu, 802 CE)
24
春，正月，驃己摩羅思那遣其子悉利移入貢。 驃國在南詔西南六千八百里，聞南詔內附而慕之。 因南詔入見，仍獻其樂。
In spring of the first month, King Pyusaw Hti of Pyu sent his son Siliyi to present tribute. Pyu lay sixty-eight hundred li southwest of Nanzhao; learning that Nanzhao had submitted to the Tang, it admired the court. It came to court by way of Nanzhao and presented its music as well.
25
吐蕃遣其大相兼東鄙五道節度使論莽熱將兵十萬解維州之圍，西川兵據險設伏以待之。 吐蕃至，出千人挑戰，虜悉眾追之，伏發，虜眾大敗，擒論莽熱，士卒死者太半。 維州、昆明竟不下，引兵還。 乙亥，皋遣使獻論莽熱，上赦之。
Tibet sent chief minister and eastern frontier commander Lun Mangre with a hundred thousand men to lift the siege of Wei; Western Shu troops held the defiles in ambush. When the Tibetans came, a thousand men sallied to challenge them; the enemy pursued in full force, the ambush sprang, and the host was shattered—Lun Mangre captured and more than half the army dead. Wei and Kunming still would not fall; they withdrew. On yihai Gao sent envoys presenting Lun Mangre; the emperor pardoned him.
26
浙樂觀察使裴肅既以進奉得進，判官齊總代掌後務，刻剝以求媚又過之。 三月，癸酉，詔擢總為衢州剌史。 給事中長安許孟容封還詔書，曰：「衢州無它虞，齊總無殊績，忽此超獎，深駭群情。 若總必有可錄，願明書勞課，然後超資改官，以解眾疑。」 詔遂留中。 己亥，上召孟容，慰獎之。
Pei Su of Zhexi observation had risen through tribute; when he left, judge Qi Zong ran affairs and squeezed the people for favor even harder. In the third month, on guiyou, an edict promoted Zong to prefect of Qu. Drafting officer Xu Mengrong of Chang'an returned the edict, saying, "Qu has no special need; Zong has no notable achievement. This sudden promotion shocks all who hear it. If Zong truly deserves reward, let his service be written out plainly—then promote him beyond rank and quiet the doubts." The edict was held at court. On jihai the emperor summoned Mengrong and praised him.
27
秋，七月，辛未，嘉王府咨議高弘本正牙奏事，自理逋債。 乙亥，詔「公卿庶僚自今勿令正牙奏事，如有陳秦，宜延英門請對。」 議者以為：「正牙奏事，自武德以來未之或改，所以達群情，講政事。 弘本無知，黜之可也，不當因人而廢事。」
In autumn, on xinwei of the seventh month, adviser Gao Hongben of the Prince of Jia's household came to regular court audience to press a private debt. On yihai an edict declared, "Hereafter ministers and officials shall not present business at regular audience; petitions should be made at audience before the Yanying Gate." Commentators argued that regular court audience had stood unchanged since the Wude reign as the channel for public sentiment and state business. Hongben was simply ignorant; dismiss him—but do not abolish the institution for one man's sake."
28
淮南節度使杜佑累表求代。 冬，十月，丁亥，以刑部尚書王鍔為淮南副節度使兼行軍司馬。
Du You, military governor of Huainan, repeatedly asked to be relieved. In winter, on dinghai of the tenth month, Minister of Justice Wang E was appointed deputy military governor of Huainan and marching army supervisor.
29
己酉，鄜坊節度使王棲曜薨。 中軍將何朝宗謀作亂，夜，縱火。 都虞候裴玢潛匿不救火，旦，擒朝宗，斬之。 以同州刺史劉公濟為鄜坊節度使，以玢為行軍司馬。
On jiyou Wang Qiyao, military governor of Fufang, died. Central army commander He Chaozong plotted mutiny and set fires by night. Chief adjutant Pei Bin held back from fighting the blaze; at dawn he seized Chaozong and executed him. Liu Gongji of Tong Prefecture became military governor of Fufang; Pei Bin became marching army supervisor.
30
德宗神武聖文皇帝十一貞元十九年（ 癸未，公元八零三年）
The thirteenth year of Zhenyuan of Emperor Dezong ( guiwei, 803 CE)
31
春，二月，丁亥，名安黃軍曰奉義。
In spring, on dinghai of the second month, the Anhuang army was renamed Fengyi.
32
己亥，安南牙將王季元逐其觀察使裴泰，泰奔朱鳶。 明日，左兵馬使趙勻斬季元及其黨，迎泰而復之。
On jihai Wang Jiyuan, a junior officer of Annan, expelled observation commissioner Pei Tai, who fled to Zhuyuan. The next day Left Army-and-Horse Commissioner Zhao Yun killed Jiyuan and his faction and restored Tai.
33
甲辰，杜佑入朝。 三月，壬子朔，以佑檢校司空、同平章事； 以王鍔為淮南節度使。
On jiachen Du You came to court. In the third month, on the new moon renzi, You was made acting Minister of Works and Grand Councillor; Wang E was made military governor of Huainan.
34
鴻臚卿王權請遷獻、懿二祖於德明、興聖廟，每禘祫，正太祖東向之位； 從之。
Court of Imperial Entertainments director Wang Quan asked to move ancestors Xian and Yi to the temples of Deming and Xingsheng and, at each di and xia sacrifice, to seat the founding ancestor facing east; the request was approved.
35
乙亥，以司農卿李實兼京兆尹。 實為政暴戾，上愛信之。 實恃恩驕傲，許人薦引，不次拜官，及誣譖斥逐，皆如期而效，士大夫畏之側目。
On yihai Minister of Agriculture Li Shi was also made metropolitan prefect of Jingzhao. Shi ruled with cruelty, yet the emperor favored and trusted him. Emboldened by favor, he promised promotions and out-of-turn appointments, and his slanders and expulsions always took effect on schedule—officials feared him and looked away.
36
夏，四月，涇原節度使劉昌奏請徙原州治平涼，從之。
In summer, in the fourth month, Jingyuan military governor Liu Chang asked to move Yuan Prefecture's seat to Pingliang; the court agreed.
37
乙亥，吐蕃遣其臣論頰熱入貢。
On yihai Tibet sent minister Lun Binre with tribute.
38
六月，辛卯，以右神策中尉副使孫榮義為中尉，與楊志廉皆驕縱招權，依附者眾，宦官之勢益盛。
In the sixth month, on xinmao, Sun Rongyi became Right Shence chief supervisor; he and Yang Zhiqian both grew arrogant and gathered power, and with many followers eunuch influence swelled further.
39
壬辰，遣右龍武大將軍薛伾使於吐蕃。
On renchen Right Dragon Martial general Xue Pi was dispatched to Tibet.
40
陳許節度使上官兌薨，其婿田偁欲脅其子使襲軍政。 牙將王沛，亦兌之婿也，知其謀，以告監軍范日用，討擒之。 乙未，以陳許行軍司馬劉昌裔為節度使。 沛，許州人也。
Chenxu military governor Shangguan Dui died; his son-in-law Tian Chen tried to force Dui's son to seize control of the army. Junior officer Wang Pei, another son-in-law of Dui, learned of the plot, informed army supervisor Fan Riyong, and Chen was seized. On yiwei Chenxu marching army supervisor Liu Changyi was made military governor. Pei was from Xu Prefecture.
41
自正月不雨至於秋七月。
No rain fell from the first month until the seventh month of autumn.
42
己未，中書侍郎、同平章事齊抗以疾罷為太子賓客。
On jiwei Vice Grand Councillor Qi Kang, ill, was made tutor to the crown prince.
43
初，翰林待詔王伾善書，山陰王叔文善棋，俱出入東宮，娛侍太子。 伾，杭州人也。 叔文譎詭多計，自言讀書知治道，乘間常為太子言民間疾苦。 太子嘗與諸侍讀及叔文等論及宮市事，太子曰：「寡人方欲極言之。」 眾皆稱讚，獨叔文無言。 既退，太子自留叔文，謂曰：「向者君獨無言，豈有意邪？」 叔文曰：「叔文蒙幸太子，有所見，敢不以聞？ 太子職當視膳問安，不宜言外事。 陛下在位久，如疑太子收人心，何以自解！」 太子大驚，因泣曰：「非先生，寡人無以知此。」 逐大愛幸，與王伾相依附。 叔文因為太子言：「某可為相，某可為將，幸異日用之。」 密結翰林學士韋執誼及當時朝士有名而求速進者陸淳、呂溫、李景儉、韓曄、韓泰、陳諫、柳宗元、劉禹錫等，定為死友。 而凌准、程異等又因其黨以進，日與游處，蹤跡詭秘，莫有知其端者。 籓鎮或陰進資幣，與之相結。 淳，吳人，嘗為左司郎中； 溫，渭之子，時為左拾遣； 景儉，濡之孫，進士及第； 曄，滉之族子； 諫，嘗為待御史； 宗元、禹錫，時為監察御史。
Earlier Hanlin attendant Wang Pi excelled at calligraphy and Shanyin's Wang Shuwen at chess; both attended the crown prince in the Eastern Palace. Pi was from Hang Prefecture. Shuwen was cunning and scheming, claiming his studies had taught him statecraft; he often told the crown prince of popular suffering when he could. The crown prince once discussed the palace market with his tutors and Shuwen; he said, "I mean to speak out fully on this." All praised the idea; only Shuwen said nothing. When they withdrew the crown prince kept Shuwen and asked, "You alone were silent—did you have some reservation?" Shuwen said, "Having the crown prince's favor, how could I withhold my view? A crown prince's duty is to attend his father's meals and health; he should not discuss outside affairs. The emperor has reigned long; if he suspects you are winning hearts, how will you answer!" The crown prince was shaken and wept: "Without you, I would never have understood this." He then favored Shuwen deeply and clung to Wang Pi. Shuwen told the crown prince, "This man can be chancellor, that one a general—remember them for later." He secretly bound Hanlin academician Wei Zhiyi and ambitious courtiers—Lu Chun, Lü Wen, Li Jingjian, Han Ye, Han Tai, Chen Jian, Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi, and others—as sworn allies. Ling Zhun, Cheng Yi, and others rose through the same circle; they met daily in secret, and none knew their design. Some governors secretly sent them gifts to win their favor. Chun, a man of Wu, had been Left Department director; Wen, son of Lü Wei, was then Left Remembrancer; Jingjian, grandson of Li Ru, was a jinshi graduate; Ye was of Han Huang's clan; Jian had been attendant censor; Zongyuan and Yuxi were surveillance censors.
44
左補闕張正一上書，得召見。 正一與吏部員外郎王仲舒、主客員外郎劉伯芻等相親善，叔文之黨疑正一言己陰事，令韋執誼反譖正一等於上，雲其朋黨，游宴無度。 九月，甲寅，正一等皆坐遠貶，人莫知其由。 伯芻，乃之子也。 鹽夏節度判官崔文先權知鹽州，為政苛刻。 冬，閏十月，庚戌，部將李庭俊作亂，殺而臠食之。 左神策兵馬使李興幹戍鹽州，殺庭俊以聞。
Left Supplementation Censor Zhang Zhengyi memorialized and was summoned to audience. Zhengyi was intimate with Personnel outer director Wang Zhongshu and Rites outer director Liu Bochu; Shuwen's faction feared he had betrayed their secrets and had Wei Zhiyi accuse them to the throne of forming a clique and dissolute feasting. In the ninth month, on jiayin, Zhengyi and the others were exiled to distant posts, and none knew the reason. Bochu was a son of Liu Nai. Yanxia circuit judge Cui Wenxian acted for Salt Prefecture and ruled with cruelty. In winter, on gengxu of the intercalary tenth month, officer Li Tingjun mutinied, killed Wenxian, and dismembered and ate him. Left Shence army-and-horse commissioner Li Xinggan, garrisoning Salt, killed Tingjun and reported upstream.
45
丁巳，門下侍郎、同平章事崔損薨。
On dingsi Vice Grand Councillor Cui Sun died.
46
十一月，戊寅朔，以李興幹為鹽州刺史，得專奏事，自是鹽州不隸夏州。
In the eleventh month, on the new moon wuyin, Li Xinggan became prefect of Salt with direct memorial rights; Salt was thereafter detached from Xia.
47
十二月，庚申，以太常卿高郢為中書侍郎，吏部侍郎鄭珣瑜為門下侍郎，並同平章事。 珣瑜，餘慶之從父兄弟也。
In the twelfth month, on gengshen, Gao Ying became Vice Grand Councillor and Zheng Xunyu Vice Grand Councillor of the Secretariat—both Grand Councillors. Xunyu was a cousin of Zheng Yuqing.
48
建中初，敕京城諸使及府縣系囚，每季終委御史巡案，有冤濫者以聞。 近歲，北軍移牒而已。 監察御史崔薳遇下嚴察，下吏欲陷之，引以入右神策軍。 軍使以下駭懼，具奏其狀。 上怒，杖薳四十，流崖州。
Early in Jianzhong, an edict required quarterly censor inspection of prisoners held by capital agencies and local governments, with wrongful cases reported. In recent years the northern armies merely forwarded transfer notices. Surveillance censor Cui Yuan, investigating after court, was framed by clerks who had him seized into the Right Shence Army. The army supervisors below were alarmed and reported the full circumstances. The emperor in anger had Yuan beaten forty strokes and exiled him to Ya Prefecture.
49
京兆尹嗣道王實務徵求以給進奉，言於上曰：「今歲雖旱而禾苗甚美。」 由是租稅皆水免，人窮至壞屋賣瓦木、麥苗以輸官。 優人成輔端為謠嘲之。 實奏輔端誹謗朝政，杖殺之。
Jingzhao metropolitan prefect Prince of Sidao Wang Shi squeezed collections for tribute and told the emperor, "Though the year is drought-stricken, the grain looks excellent." On that pretext all land tax was remitted for flood, yet people were so poor they demolished houses for tiles and timber and sold wheat seedlings to pay the state. The actor Cheng Fuduan sang a lampoon of him. Shi reported that Fuduan had slandered court policy and had him clubbed to death.
50
監察御史韓愈上疏，以「京畿百姓窮困，應今年稅錢及草粟等征未得者，請俟來年蠶麥。」 愈坐貶陽山令。
Surveillance censor Han Yu memorialized that the capital people were destitute and asked that uncollected taxes, fodder, and grain wait until the next silkworm and wheat season. For this Yu was demoted to magistrate of Yangshan.
51
德宗神武聖文皇帝十一貞元二十年（ 甲申，公元八零四年）
The fourteenth year of Zhenyuan of Emperor Dezong ( jiashen, 804 CE)
52
春，正月，丙戌，天德軍都防禦團練使、豐州刺史李景略卒。 初，景略嘗宴僚佐，行酒者誤以醯進。 判官京兆任迪簡以景略性嚴，恐行酒者獲罪，強飲之，歸而嘔血。 軍士聞之泣下。 及李景略卒，軍士皆曰判官仁者，欲奉以為帥。 監軍抱置別室，軍士發扃取之。 監軍以聞，詔以代景略。
In spring, on bingxu of the first month, Tiande commander and Feng Prefecture prefect Li Jinglue died. Once when Jinglue feasted his staff, the cup-bearer mistakenly served vinegar. Judge Ren Dijian of Jingzhao, knowing Jinglue's severity and fearing for the cup-bearer, forced himself to drink it and vomited blood at home. The soldiers wept when they heard. When Jinglue died the men called the judge benevolent and wished to make him commander. The army supervisor locked him in a side room, but the soldiers broke the bolt and took him. The supervisor reported it, and an edict appointed him to succeed Jinglue.
53
吐蕃贊普死，其弟嗣立。
The Tibetan king died; his younger brother succeeded.
54
夏，四月，丙寅，名陳許軍曰忠武。
In summer, on bingyin of the fourth month, the Chenxu army was renamed Zhongwu.
55
左金吾大將軍李升雲將禁軍鎮咸陽，疾病，其子政諲與虞候上官望等謀效山東籓鎮，使將士奏攝父事。 六月，壬子，升雲卒。 甲寅，詔追削升雲官爵，籍沒其家。
Left Golden Guards general Li Shengyun garrisoned Xianyang with imperial troops; when ill, his son Zhengshi and adjutant Shangguan Wang plotted to copy the Shandong governors and had the troops petition for the son to act in his father's place. In the sixth month, on renzi, Shengyun died. On jiayin an edict posthumously stripped Shengyun of rank and confiscated his property.
56
昭義節度使李長榮薨，上遣中使以手詔授本軍大將，但軍士所附者即授之。 時大將來希皓為眾所服，中使將以後詔付之。 希皓言於眾曰：「此軍取人，合是希皓，但作節度使不得。 若朝廷以一束草來，希皓亦必敬事。」 中使言：「面奉進止，只令此軍取大將校與節鋮，朝廷不別除人。」 希皓固辭。 兵馬使盧從史其位居四，潛與監軍相結，起出伍曰：「若來大夫不肯受詔，從史請且句當此軍。」 監軍曰：「盧中丞若如此，此亦固合聖旨。」 中使因探懷取詔以授之。 從史捧詔，再拜舞蹈。 希皓亟回揮同列，北面稱賀。 軍士畢集，更無一言。 秋，八月，己未，詔以從史為節度使。 九月，太子始得風疾，不能言。
Zhaoyi military governor Li Changrong died; the emperor sent a palace envoy with a letter to give to whichever senior general the army favored. Senior general Lai Xihao then commanded the men's trust; the envoy was to deliver the edict to him. Xihao told the troops, "This army picks its leader—it ought to be me, but I cannot be military governor. If the court sent a bundle of straw, I would still obey it faithfully." The envoy said, "By direct order this army alone is to choose a senior officer for the seal; the court will appoint no outsider." Xihao firmly refused. Fourth-ranked army-and-horse commissioner Lu Congshi had secretly aligned with the army supervisor; stepping forward he said, "If Lord Lai will not take the edict, let Congshi manage the army for now." The army supervisor said, "If Vice Commissioner Lu does this, it fits the imperial intent." The envoy drew the edict from his robe and gave it to him. Congshi received the edict, bowed twice, and performed the ritual dance. Xihao swiftly turned to his peers; facing north they offered congratulations. The troops gathered; not another word was spoken. In autumn, on jiwei of the eighth month, Congshi was appointed military governor by edict. In the ninth month the crown prince fell ill with aphasia and could not speak.
57
順宗至德弘道大聖大安孝皇帝
Emperor Shunzong, the Sagely Cultured, Greatly Virtuous, and Greatly Peaceful Filial
58
德宗神武聖文皇帝十一永貞元年（ 乙酉，公元八零五年）
The first year of Yongzhen of Emperor Dezong ( yiyou, 805 CE)
59
春，正月，辛未朔，諸王、親戚入賀德宗，太子獨以疾不能來，德宗涕泣悲歎，由是得疾，日益甚。 凡二十餘日，中外不通，莫知兩宮安否。 癸已，德宗崩。 蒼猝召翰林學士鄭絪、衛次公等至金鑾殿草遺詔。 宦官或曰：「禁中議所立尚未定。」 眾莫敢對。 次公遽言曰：「太子雖有疾，地居塚嫡，中外屬心。 必不得已，猶應立廣陵王。 不然，必大亂。」 絪等從而和之，議始定。 次公，河東人也。 太子知人情憂疑，紫衣麻鞋，力疾出九仙門，召見諸軍使，人心粗安。 甲午，宣遺詔於宣政殿，太子縗服見百官。 丙申，即皇帝位於太極殿。 衛士尚疑之，企足引領而望之，曰：「真太子也！」 乃喜而泣。
In spring, on the new moon xinwei of the first month, princes and kin came to congratulate Dezong; the crown prince alone, too ill to attend. Dezong wept until he fell ill himself, and worsened day by day. For twenty-odd days capital and provinces were cut off; none knew whether emperor and heir were alive. On guisi Dezong died. Hanlin academicians Zheng Qun, Wei Cigong, and others were hurriedly summoned to Jinluan Hall to draft the death edict. Some eunuchs said, "The succession within the palace is not yet decided." None dared answer. Cigong spoke up: "Though the crown prince is ill, he is the legitimate heir, and all hearts are with him. If there is no choice, enthroned still must be the Prince of Guangling. Otherwise the realm will surely fall into chaos." Qun and the others concurred, and the matter was settled. Cigong was from Hedong. Knowing the people's fear, the crown prince in purple and hemp sandals forced himself through the Jiuxian Gate, summoned the army commissioners, and unease eased somewhat. On jiawu the death edict was proclaimed at Xuanzheng Hall; the crown prince in mourning received the officials. On bingshen he ascended the throne in Taiji Hall. Guards still doubted; craning their necks they cried, "It is truly the crown prince!" Then they wept for joy.
60
時順宗失音，不能決事，常居宮中施簾帷，獨宦官李忠言、昭容牛氏侍左右。 百官奏事，自帷中可其奏。 自德宗大漸，王伾先入，稱詔召王叔文，坐翰林中使決事。 伾以叔文意入言於忠言，稱詔行下，外初無知者。 以杜佑攝塚宰。 二月，癸卯，上始朝百官於紫宸門。
Shunzong had lost his voice and could not govern; he stayed behind curtains with only eunuch Li Zhongyan and Lady Niu at his side. Officials' memorials were approved from behind the curtains. When Dezong lay dying, Pi entered first, claiming an edict for Shuwen; they sat in Hanlin while eunuchs decided policy. Pi relayed Shuwen's wishes to Zhongyan, and edicts went forth—at first the outside world knew nothing. Du You was made acting chief mourner. In the second month, on guimao, the emperor first received officials at Zichen Gate.
61
己酉，加義武節度使張茂昭同平章事。
On jiyou Yiwu military governor Zhang Maozhao was made Grand Councillor.
62
辛亥，以吏部郎中韋執誼為尚書左丞、同平章事。 王叔文欲專國政，首引執誼為相，己用事於中，與相唱和。
On xinhai Personnel director Wei Zhiyi became Left Vice Minister and Grand Councillor. Shuwen sought to monopolize government; he made Zhiyi chancellor while he himself already held inner power and worked in concert with him.
63
壬子，李師古發兵屯西境以脅滑州。 時告哀使未至諸道，義成牙將有自長安還得遺詔者，節度使李元素以師古鄰道，欲示無外，遣使密以遺詔示之。 師古欲乘國喪侵噬鄰境，乃集將士謂曰：「聖上萬福，而元素忽傳遺詔，是反也，宜擊之。」 遂杖元素使者，發兵屯曹州，且告假道於汴。 宣武節度使韓弘使謂曰：「汝能越吾界而為盜邪！ 有以相待，毋為空言！」 元素告急，弘使謂曰：「吾在此，公安無恐。」 或告曰：「翦棘夷道，兵且至矣，請備之。」 弘曰：「兵來，不除道也。」 不為之應。 師古詐窮變索，且聞上即位，乃罷兵。 元素表請自貶。 朝廷兩慰解之。 元素，泌之族弟也。
On renzi Li Shigu massed troops on his western border to threaten Hua Prefecture. Mourning envoys had not yet reached the circuits; a Yicheng officer back from Chang'an with the edict—governor Li Yuansu, to show goodwill toward neighbor Shigu, secretly showed him the edict. Shigu meant to exploit the mourning to seize neighbor lands; he told his officers, "The emperor lives—yet Yuansu sends a death edict. That is treason; attack him." He beat Yuansu's envoy, mobilized at Cao, and asked passage through Bian. Xuanwu governor Han Hong said, "Will you cross my border to plunder? If you mean business, do not talk emptily!" Yuansu cried for help; Hong said, "I am here—you are safe." Some said, "They are clearing the road—troops are coming; prepare." Hong said, "When troops come, they will not bother to clear the road." He did nothing. Shigu, his bluff spent and hearing of the new reign, disbanded his troops. Yuansu asked to demote himself. The court comforted both parties. Yuansu was a cousin of Li Bi.
64
吳少誠以牛皮鞋材遺師古，師古以鹽資少誠，潛過宣武界，事覺，弘皆留，輸之庫，曰：「此於法不得以私相饋。」 師古等皆憚之。
Wu Shaocheng sent Shigu shoe leather; Shigu paid in salt, secretly crossing Xuanwu—Hong seized all and deposited it, saying, "The law forbids private gifts." Shigu and the rest feared him.
65
辛酉，詔數京兆尹道王實殘暴掊斂之罪，貶通州長史。 市裡歡呼，皆袖瓦礫遮道伺之，實由間道獲免。 壬戌，以殿中丞王伾為左散騎常侍，依前翰林待詔，蘇州司功王叔文為起居舍人、翰林學士。 伾寢陋，吳語，上所褻狎； 而叔文頗任事自許，微知文義，好言事，上以故稍敬之，不得如伾出入無阻。 叔文入至翰林，而伾入至柿林院，見李忠言、牛昭容計事。 大抵叔文依伾，伾依忠言，忠言依牛昭容，轉相交結。 每事先下翰林，使叔文可否，然後宣於中書，韋執誼承而行之。 外黨則韓泰、柳宗元、劉禹錫等主采聽外事。 謀議唱和，日夜汲汲如狂，互相推獎，曰伊、曰周、曰管、曰葛，僩然自得，謂天下無人。 榮辱進退，生於造次，惟其所欲，不拘程式。 士大夫畏之，道路以目。 素與往還者，相次撥擢，至一日除數人。 其黨或言曰，「某可為某官，」不過一二日，輒已得之。 於是叔文及其黨十餘家之門，晝夜車馬如市。 客候見叔文、伾者，至宿其坊中餅肆、酒壚下，一人得千錢，乃容之。 伾尤闒茸，專以納賄為事，作大匱貯金帛，夫婦寢其上。
On xinyou an edict denounced Jingzhao prefect Wang Shi's cruel exactions and demoted him to senior administrator of Tong. Markets rejoiced; people lined the road with tiles and stones, but Shi escaped by a back route. On renxu Wang Pi became Left Regular Cavalry Attendant, still Hanlin attendant; Suzhou registrar Wang Shuwen became Diary Keeper and Hanlin academician. Pi was homely and spoke Wu dialect; the emperor treated him familiarly; Shuwen was more self-assured in affairs, knew some letters, and loved policy talk—the emperor respected him somewhat but denied him Pi's free access. Shuwen went only to Hanlin; Pi went to the Persimmon Grove to meet Zhongyan and Lady Niu. Shuwen relied on Pi, Pi on Zhongyan, Zhongyan on Lady Niu—a chain of patronage. Every matter went first to Hanlin for Shuwen's yes or no, then to the Secretariat for Zhiyi to execute. Outwardly Han Tai, Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi, and others gathered outside intelligence. They schemed day and night like men possessed, calling one another Yi, Zhou, Guan, or Ge, smugly sure none on earth matched them. Rank and ruin came at a whim—whatever they wanted, heedless of procedure. Officials feared them; travelers looked away on the road. Associates were promoted in waves—several appointments in a single day. They would say, "So-and-so should have such an office," and within a day or two it was his. The gates of Shuwen and a dozen allied houses swarmed day and night with carriages like a market. Clients seeking Shuwen or Pi slept in shops below their lanes and paid a thousand cash for admission. Pi was basest of all, living on bribes; he kept great chests of gold and silk and slept atop them with his wife.
66
甲子，上御丹鳳門，赦天下，諸色逋負，一切蠲免，常貢之外，悉罷進奉。 貞元之末政事為人患者，如宮市，五坊小兒之類，悉罷之。 先是五坊小兒張捕鳥雀於閭裡者，皆為暴橫以取人錢物，至有張羅網於門，不許人出入者，或張井上使不得汲者。 近之，輒曰：「汝驚供奉鳥雀！」 即痛毆之，出錢物求謝，乃去。 或相聚飲食於酒食之肆，醉飽而去，賣者或不知，就索其直，多被毆詈。 或時留蛇一囊為質，曰：「此蛇所以致鳥雀而捕之者，今留付汝，幸善飼之，勿令飢渴。」 賣者愧謝求哀，乃攜挈而去。 上在東官，皆知其弊，故即位首禁之。
On jiazi the emperor faced Vermilion Phoenix Gate, pardoned the realm, remitted all arrears, and ended special tribute beyond regular levies. Late Zhenyuan abuses—the palace market, the Five-Ward boys—were abolished. Five-Ward boys netting birds in lanes extorted money; some blocked gates or wells from use. If approached they cried, "You frightened the palace birds!" They beat the person until he paid to be released. They feasted at shops and left unpaid; sellers who asked were beaten. Sometimes they left a bag of snakes, saying, "Feed this well—it catches birds for us." Sellers apologized humbly before they took the snakes away. As crown prince he had known these abuses and banned them first upon enthronement.
67
乙丑，罷鹽鐵使月進錢。 先是，鹽鐵月進羨餘而經入益少，至是，罷之。
On yichou the salt commissioner's monthly surplus payments were abolished. Monthly surplus remittances had shrunk regular revenue; now they ended.
68
三月，辛未，以王伾為翰林學士。
In the third month, on xinwei, Wang Pi was made Hanlin academician.
69
德宗之末，十年無赦，群臣以微過譴逐者皆不復敘用，至是始得量移。 壬申，追忠州別駕陸贄、郴州別駕鄭餘慶、杭州刺史韓皋、道州刺史陽城赴京師。 贄之秉政也，貶駕部員外郎李吉甫為明州長史，既而徙忠州刺史。 贄昆弟門人鹹以為憂，至而吉甫忻然以宰相禮事之。 贄初猶慚懼，後遂為深交。 吉甫，棲筠之子。 韋皋在成都，屢上表請以贄自代。 贄與陽城皆未聞追詔而卒。
For ten years under late Dezong there had been no amnesty; the banished were now first allowed transfer. On renshen Lu Zhi, Zheng Yuqing, Han Gao, and Yang Cheng were recalled to the capital. When Zhi held power he had demoted Li Jiji to Ming, later to Zhong. Zhi's kin and followers worried; Jiji received him with chancellor's courtesy. At first Zhi was ashamed, but they became close friends. Jiji was a son of Li Qijun. Wei Gao at Chengdu repeatedly asked that Zhi replace him. Zhi and Yang Cheng both died before the recall reached them.
70
丙戌，加杜佑度支及諸道鹽鐵轉運使。 以浙西觀察使李錡為鎮海節度使，解其鹽轉運使。 錡雖失利權而得節旄，故反謀亦未發。
On bingxu Du You was given revenue and salt transport for all circuits. Western Zhe commissioner Li Qi was made Zhenhai military governor and stripped of salt transport. Qi lost revenue power but gained a command seal, and his plot had not yet surfaced.
71
戊子，名徐州軍曰武寧，以張愔為節度使。
On wuzi the Xuzhou army was renamed Wuning; Zhang Yin became military governor.
72
加彰義節度使吳少誠同平章事。
Zhangyi military governor Wu Shaocheng was made Grand Councillor.
73
以王叔文為度支、鹽鐵轉運副使。 先是叔文與其黨謀，得國賦在手，則可以結諸用事人，取軍士心，以固其權，又懼驟使重權，人心不服，藉杜佑雅有會計之名，位重而務自全，易可制，故先令佑主其名，而自除為副以專之。 叔文雖判兩使，不以簿書為意，日夜與其黨屏人竊語，人莫測其所為。 以御史中丞武元衡為左庶子。 德宗之末，叔文之黨多為御史，元衡薄其為人，待之莽鹵。 元衡為山陵儀仗使，劉禹錫求為判官，不許。 叔文以元衡在風憲，欲使附己，使其黨誘以權利，元衡不認，由是左遷。 元衡，平一之孫也。 侍御史竇群奏屯田員外郎劉禹錫挾邪亂政，不宜在朝。 又嘗謁叔文，揖之曰：「事固有不可知者。」 叔文曰：「何謂也？」 群曰：「去歲李實怙恩挾貴，氣蓋一時，公當此時，逡巡路旁，乃江南一吏耳。 今公一旦復據其地，安知路旁無如公者乎！」 其黨欲逐之，韋執誼以群素有強直名，止之。
Wang Shuwen was made deputy commissioner of revenue and salt transport. Shuwen's faction had plotted that holding revenue would bind power-holders and win the army; fearing sudden power, they used Du You's accounting fame and caution as a figurehead while Shuwen took the deputy post to control it. Though Shuwen held both offices he ignored accounts, whispering with his faction day and night—none knew their designs. Censor-in-chief Wu Yuanheng was made Left Mentor. Late in Dezong's reign Shuwen's men were censors; Yuanheng despised them and treated them roughly. Yuanheng directed tomb honors; Liu Yuxi sought to be his aide and was refused. Shuwen wanted Yuanheng in the censorate and tempted him with power; Yuanheng refused and was demoted. Yuanheng was a grandson of Wu Pingyi. Attendant censor Dou Qun reported that Liu Yuxi perverted government and should leave court. He had also visited Shuwen and bowed, saying, "Some things cannot be known in advance." Shuwen asked, "What do you mean?" Qun said, "Last year Li Shi lorded over the court; then you were but a Jiangnan clerk by the roadside. Now you hold power again—who says no one like you waits by the road!" The faction wanted Qun expelled, but Zhiyi, respecting Qun's reputation for integrity, stopped them.
74
上疾久不愈，時扶御殿，群臣瞻望而已，莫有親奏對者。 中外危懼，思早立太子，而王叔文之黨欲專大權，惡聞之。 宦官俱文珍、劉光琦、薛盈珍等皆先朝任使舊人，疾叔文、忠言等朋黨專恣，乃啟上召翰林學士鄭絪、衛次公、李程、王涯入金鑾殿，草立太子制。 時牛昭容輩以廣陵王淳英睿，惡之； 絪不復請，書紙為「立嫡以長」字呈上，上頷之。 癸巳，立淳為太子，更名純。 程，神符五世孫也。
The emperor's illness lingered; sometimes propped up he faced court, and officials could only look on—none approached for direct audience. All feared for the realm and wanted a crown prince named early; Shuwen's faction, grasping for power, hated the very mention. Eunuchs Ju Wenzhen, Liu Guangqi, and Xue Yingzhen—veterans of the prior reign—hated Shuwen's clique and summoned academicians Zheng Qun, Wei Cigong, Li Cheng, and Wang Ya to Jinluan Hall to draft the heir's appointment. Lady Niu's circle hated the Prince of Guangling Chun for his sharp intelligence; Qun wrote "establish the eldest legitimate" and showed the emperor, who nodded. On guisi Chun was made crown prince and renamed Chun. Cheng was a fifth-generation descendant of Shenfu.
75
賈耽以王叔文黨用事，心惡之，稱疾不出，屢乞骸骨。 丁酉，諸宰相會食中書。 故事，宰相方食，百寮無敢謁見者。 叔文至中書，欲與執誼計事，令直省通之，直省以舊事告，叔文怒，叱直省。 直省懼，入白。 執誼逡巡慚赧，竟起迎叔文，就其閤語良久。 杜佑、高郢、鄭珣瑜皆停箸以待，有報者云：「叔文索飯，韋相公已與之同食閤中矣。」 佑、郢心知不可，畏叔文、執誼，莫敢出言。 珣瑜獨歎曰：「吾豈可復居此位！」 顧左右，取馬徑歸，遂不起。 二相皆天下重望，相次歸臥，叔文、執誼等益無所顧忌，遠近大懼。
Jia Dan, seeing Shuwen's faction in power, loathed them, feigned illness, and repeatedly asked to retire. On dingyou the chancellors dined together in the Secretariat. By precedent none might visit while chancellors ate. Shuwen came to the Secretariat to consult Zhiyi; the duty officer cited precedent; Shuwen raged at him. The frightened duty officer reported within. Zhiyi flushed with shame yet rose to welcome Shuwen and talked long in his room. Du You, Gao Ying, and Zheng Xunyu waited with chopsticks stilled; word came that Shuwen was dining with Wei in his room. You and Ying knew this could not stand but feared Shuwen and Zhiyi and said nothing. Xunyu alone sighed, "How can I remain in this post!" He took a horse straight home and never returned. Two chancellors of world renown retired in succession; Shuwen and Zhiyi grew bolder—and fear spread far and wide.
76
夏，四月，壬寅，立皇弟諤為欽王，誠為珍王； 子經為郯王，緯為均王，縱為漵王，紓為莒王，綢為密王，總為郇王，約為邵王，結為宋王，緗為集王，絲求為冀王，綺為和王，絢為衡王，絲熏為會王，綰為福王，紘為撫王，緄為岳王，紳為袁王，綸為桂王，繟為翼王。
In summer, on renyin of the fourth month, younger brother E was made Prince of Qin and Cheng Prince of Zhen; sons Jing of Tan, Wei of Jun, Zong of Xu, Shu of Ju, Chou of Mi, Zong of Xun, Yue of Shao, Jie of Song, Xiang of Ji, Siqiu of Ji, Qi of He, Xuan of Heng, Xun of Hui, Wan of Fu, Hong of Fu, Gun of Yue, Shen of Yuan, Lun of Gui, and Chan of Yi.
77
乙已，上御宣政殿，冊太子。 百官睹太子儀表，退，皆相賀，至有感泣者，中外大喜。 而王叔文獨有憂色，口不敢言，但吟杜甫題《諸葛亮祠堂》詩曰：「出師未捷身先死，長使英雄淚滿襟！」 聞者哂之。 先是，太常卿杜黃裳為裴延齡所惡，留滯台閣，十年不遷，及其婿韋執誼為相，始遷太常卿。 黃裳勸執誼帥群臣請太子監國，執誼驚曰：「丈人甫得一官，奈何啟口議禁中事！」 黃裳勃然曰：「黃裳受恩三朝，豈得以一官相買乎！」 拂衣起出。 戊申，以給事中陸淳為太子侍讀，仍更名質。 韋執誼自以專權，恐太子不悅，故以質為侍讀，使潛伺太子意，且解之。 及質發言，太子怒曰：「陛下令先生為寡人講經義耳，何為預他事！」 質惶懼而出。
On yisi the emperor invested the crown prince at Xuanzheng Hall. Officials saw the heir's bearing, withdrew congratulating; some wept; all rejoiced. Shuwen alone looked troubled and recited Du Fu on Zhuge Liang: "The campaign failed before victory—heroes ever since have wept!" Listeners sneered. Earlier Du Huangshang, hated by Pei Yanling, had languished in the censorate ten years until son-in-law Zhiyi made him Director of Imperial Sacrifices. Huangshang urged Zhiyi to ask the heir to oversee government; Zhiyi cried, "You just gained a post—why meddle in palace affairs!" Huangshang flared: "I served three reigns—am I bought with one office!" He swept out. On wushen drafting officer Lu Chun became the heir's tutor and was renamed Zhi. Zhiyi, fearing the heir's displeasure, made Zhi tutor to spy on him and explain matters. When Zhi spoke the heir snapped, "The emperor set you to teach me the classics—why meddle elsewhere!" Zhi fled in terror.
78
五月，辛未，以右金吾大將軍范希朝為左、右神策京西諸城鎮行營節度使。 甲戌，以度支郎中韓泰為其行軍司馬。 王叔文自知為內外所憎疾，欲奪取宦官兵權以自固，籍希朝老將，使主其名，而實以泰專其事。 人情不測其所為，益疑懼。
In the fifth month, on xinwei, Fan Xichao became commissioner of the Left and Right Shence western garrisons. On jiaxu revenue director Han Tai became his marching supervisor. Shuwen, hated all around, sought eunuch armies for security—Xichao as figurehead, Han Tai in fact commanding. None could read his plans; suspicion deepened.
79
辛卯，以王叔文為戶部侍郎，依前充度支、鹽鐵轉運副使。 俱文珍等惡其專權，削去翰林之職。 叔文見制書，大驚，謂人曰：「叔文日時至此商量公事，若不得此院職事，則無因而至矣。」 王伾即為疏請，不從。 再疏，乃許三五日一入翰林，去學士名。 叔文始懼。
On xinmao Shuwen became Vice Minister of Revenue while keeping revenue and salt transport. Ju Wenzhen and others stripped his Hanlin post for his monopoly of power. Shuwen was shocked: "Without Hanlin I cannot reach the inner councils." Pi memorialized for him; refused. A second memorial won entry every few days, without the academician title. Shuwen began to fear.
80
六月，己亥，貶宣歙巡官羊士諤為汀州寧化尉。 士諤以公事至長安，遇叔文用事，公言其非。 叔文聞之，怒，欲下詔斬之，執誼不可； 則令杖殺之，執誼又以為不可，遂貶焉。 由是叔文始大惡執誼，往來二人門下者皆懼。 先時，劉闢以劍南支度副使將韋皋之意於叔文，求都領劍南三川，謂叔文曰：「太尉使闢致微誠於公，若與某三川，當以死相助； 若不與，亦當有以相酬。」 叔文怒，亦將斬之，執誼固執不可。 闢尚游長安未去，聞貶士諤，遂逃歸。 執誼初為叔文所引用，深附之，既得位，欲掩其跡，且迫於公議，故時時為異同，輒使人謝叔文曰：「非敢負約，乃欲曲成兄事耳！」 叔文詬怒，不之信，遂成仇怨。
In the sixth month, on jihai, Xuan-She patrol officer Yang Shizhi was demoted to Ninghua assistant in Ting. Shizhi came to Chang'an on business, found Shuwen in power, and denounced him openly. Shuwen wanted him beheaded by edict; Zhiyi refused; then clubbed to death; Zhiyi refused again; he was demoted instead. Shuwen then hated Zhiyi; clients at both doors trembled. Earlier Liu Pi, as Sichuan deputy for Wei Gao, asked Shuwen for all Jiannan and said, "The Grand Marshal offers his loyalty; grant the three circuits and I die for you; if not, there will still be repayment." Shuwen wanted him killed; Zhiyi firmly refused. Pi still lingered in Chang'an; hearing of Shizhi's fate he fled home. Zhiyi, raised by Shuwen, now wished to hide his tracks and sometimes differed, telling Shuwen, "I do not betray you—I mean to help you indirectly!" Shuwen raged and disbelieved; they became enemies.
81
癸丑，韋皋上表，以為：「陛下哀毀成疾，重勞萬機，故久而未安，請權令皇太子親監庶政，俟皇躬痊癒，復歸春宮。 臣位兼將相，今之所陳，乃其職分。」 又上太子箋，以為：「聖上遠法高宗，亮陰不言，委政臣下，而所付非人。 王叔文、王伾、李忠言之徒，輒當重任，賞罰縱情，墮紀紊綱。 散府庫之積以賂權門。 樹置心腹，遍於貴位； 潛結左右，憂在蕭牆。 竊恐傾太宗盛業，危殿下家邦，願殿下即日奏聞，斥遂群小，使政出人主，則四方獲安。」 皋自恃重臣，遠處西蜀，度王叔文不能動搖，遂極言其奸。 俄而荊南節度使裴均、河東節度使嚴綬箋表繼至，意與皋同，中外皆倚以為援，而邪黨震懼。 均，光庭之曾孫也。
On guichou Wei Gao wrote that the emperor's mourning illness required the heir to oversee government until he healed. As general and chancellor this is my duty." He also wrote the heir that the emperor emulated Gaozong in silent mourning but entrusted unworthy men. Shuwen, Pi, Zhongyan, and their ilk seized power, indulging rewards and punishments and wrecking law. They scattered treasury stores to bribe the powerful. They planted trusted men in high posts; secretly joined inner attendants—danger lay within the palace. I fear they will ruin Taizong's legacy and endanger the realm; drive them out and let government issue from the throne." Gao, a weighty minister in distant Shu, judged Shuwen could not touch him and denounced the faction fully. Soon Pei Jun of Jingnan and Yan Shou of Hedong sent like memorials; all looked to them—and the faction trembled. Jun was a great-grandson of Pei Guangting.
82
王叔文既以范希朝、韓泰主京西神策軍，諸宦者尚未寤。 會邊上諸將各以狀辭中尉，且言方屬希朝。 宦者始寤兵柄為叔文等所奪，乃大怒曰：「從其謀，吾屬必死其手。」 密令其使歸告諸將曰：「無以兵屬人。」 希朝至奉天，諸將無至者。 韓泰馳歸白之，叔文計無所出，唯曰：「奈何！ 奈何！」 無幾，其母病甚。 丙辰，叔文盛具酒饌，與諸學士及李忠言、俱文珍、劉光琦等飲於翰林。 叔文言曰：「叔文母病，以身任國事之故，不得親醫藥，今將求假歸侍。 叔文比竭心力，不避危難，皆為朝廷之恩。 一旦去歸，百謗交至，誰肯見察以一言相助乎？」 文珍隨其語輒折之，叔文不能對，但引滿相勸，酒數行而罷。 丁巳，叔文以母喪去位。
Shuwen had put Xichao and Han Tai over the western Shence; the eunuchs had not yet understood. Frontier generals each declined the chief supervisor and said they answered to Xichao; the eunuchs realized Shuwen had seized the armies and cried, "Follow them and we die at their hands." They secretly told the generals, "Give your troops to no one." Xichao reached Fengtian; no generals came. Han Tai raced back to report; Shuwen had no plan—"What is to be done! What is to be done!" Soon his mother fell gravely ill. On bingchen Shuwen feasted academicians, Zhongyan, Ju Wenzhen, and Liu Guangqi in Hanlin. Shuwen said his mother was ill; bearing state affairs he could not nurse her and would ask leave. He had exhausted himself in the court's service. Once I leave, slanders will converge—who will speak for me?" Wenzhen rebutted every line; Shuwen could only toast; after several rounds they dispersed. On dingsi Shuwen left for mourning.
83
秋，七月，丙子，加李師古檢校侍中。
In autumn, on bingzi of the seventh month, Li Shigu was made acting Palace Attendant.
84
王叔文既有母喪，韋執誼益不用其語。 叔文怒，與其黨日夜謀起復，必先斬執誼而盡誅不附己者，聞者忷懼。 自叔文歸第，王伾失據，日詣宦官及杜佑請起叔文為相，且總北軍； 既不獲，則請以為威遠軍使、平章事，又不得。 其黨皆憂悸不自保。 是日，伾坐翰林中，疏三上，不報，知事不濟，行且臥，至夜，忽叫曰：「伾中風矣！」 明日，遂輿歸不出。 己丑，以倉部郎中、判度支案陳諫為河中少尹。 伾、叔文之黨至是始去。
With Shuwen in mourning, Zhiyi heeded him even less. Shuwen raged and plotted return—first beheading Zhiyi and all who opposed him. Pi lost footing and daily begged eunuchs and Du You to restore Shuwen as chancellor and northern commander; failing that he asked Weiyuan commissioner and Grand Councillor—again denied. The faction could not preserve themselves. Pi memorialized thrice from Hanlin without answer; at night he cried, "Pi has had a stroke!" The next day he was carried home and did not emerge. On jichou revenue bureau director Chen Jian was made Hezhong junior vice-prefect. Pi and Shuwen's faction at last fell.
85
癸巳，橫海軍節度使程懷信薨，以其子副使執恭為留後。
On guisi Henghai governor Cheng Huaixin died; son Zhigong became acting prefect.
86
乙未，制以「積疢未復，其軍國政事，權令皇太子純句當。」 時內外共疾王叔文黨與專恣，上亦惡之。 俱文珍等屢啟上請令太子監國，上固厭倦萬機，遂許之。 又以太常卿杜黃裳為門下侍郎，左金吾大將軍袁滋為中書侍郎，並同平章事。 俱文珍等以其舊臣，故引用之。 又以鄭珣瑜為吏部尚書，高郢為刑部尚書，並罷政事。 太子見百官於東朝堂，百官拜賀。 太子涕泣，不答拜。
On yiwei an edict entrusted military and civil affairs to Crown Prince Chun. All hated Shuwen's faction; the emperor too. Ju Wenzhen repeatedly asked the heir to govern; the weary emperor agreed. Du Huangshang and Left Golden Guards Yuan Zi became Grand Councillors. The eunuchs promoted them as old ministers. Zheng Xunyu became Minister of Personnel and Gao Ying Minister of Justice—both removed from office. The heir received officials in the Eastern Court; they congratulated him. The heir wept and did not return the bows.
87
八月，庚子，制「令太子即皇帝位，朕稱太上皇，制敕稱誥。」 辛丑，太上皇徙居興慶宮，誥改元永貞，立良娣王氏為太上皇后。 後，憲宗之母也。
On gengzi an edict declared the crown prince emperor, the retired sovereign styled Retired Emperor, and edicts renamed proclamations. On xinchou the Retired Emperor moved to Xingqing Palace, proclaimed Yongzhen, and made Lady Wang Retired Empress. She was Xianzong's mother.
88
壬寅，貶王伾開州司馬、王叔文渝州司戶。 伾尋病死貶所。 明年，賜叔文死。
On renyin Pi was demoted to Kai army supervisor and Shuwen to Yu household registrar. Pi soon died in exile. The next year Shuwen was ordered to take his own life.
89
乙巳，憲宗即位於宣政殿。
On yisi Xianzong ascended at Xuanzheng Hall.
90
丙午，昇平公主獻女口五十。 上曰：「上皇不受獻，朕何敢違！」 遂卻之。 庚戌，荊南獻毛龜二，上曰：「聯所寶惟賢。 嘉禾、神芝，皆虛美耳，所以《春秋》不書祥瑞。 自今凡有嘉瑞，但准令申有司，勿復以聞。 及珍禽奇獸，皆毋得獻。」
On bingwu Princess Shengping offered fifty women. The emperor said, "The Retired Emperor refuses gifts—how dare I accept!" He declined them. On gengxu Jingnan sent two hairy tortoises; the emperor said, "I treasure only the worthy. Fine grain and divine fungus are empty flattery—the Spring and Autumn Annals records no omens. Hereafter report omens only to the proper office, not to the throne. Rare birds and beasts may not be presented either."
91
癸丑，西川節度使南康忠武王韋皋薨。 皋在蜀二十一年，重加賦斂，豐貢獻以結主恩，厚給賜以撫士卒。 士卒婚嫁死喪，皆供其資費，以是得久安其位而士卒樂為之用，服南詔，摧吐蕃。 幕僚歲久官崇者則為刺史，已復還幕府，終不使還朝，恐洩其所為故也。 府庫既實，時寬其民，三年一復租賦，蜀人服其智謀而畏其威，至今畫像以為土神，家家祀之。 支度副使劉闢自為留後。
On guichou western Shu military governor Wei Gao, Prince of Nankang, died. Gao ruled Shu twenty-one years, raising levies, enriching tribute to court the throne, and generously paying the troops. He paid soldiers' wedding and funeral costs, held power long, won their loyalty, subdued Nanzhao, and crushed Tibet. Long-serving staff became prefects then returned to his staff—never sent to court lest they reveal his deeds. With full treasuries he eased the people every three years; Shu feared his power and still paints him a local god in every home. Revenue deputy Liu Pi made himself acting prefect.
92
郎州武陵、龍陽江漲，流萬餘家。
In Lang the Wu and Longyang rivers flooded more than ten thousand households away.
93
壬午，奉義節度使伊慎入朝。
On renwu Fengyi military governor Yi Shen came to court.
94
辛卯，夏綏節度使韓全義入明。 全義敗於殷水而還，不朝覲而去，上在籓邸，聞其事而惡之。 全義懼，乃請入朝。
On xinmao Xia-Sui military governor Han Quanyi came to court. Quanyi, defeated at Yinshui, had left without audience; the emperor, still a prince, had detested him. Fearing, Quanyi asked to come to court.
95
劉闢使諸將表求節鉞，朝廷不許。 己未，以袁滋為劍南東、西川、山南西道安撫大使。
Pi's generals asked for the command seal; the court refused. On jiwei Yuan Zi was made pacification commissioner for Sichuan and southern Shannan.
96
度支秦裴延齡所置別庫，皆減正庫之物別貯之。 請並歸正庫，從之。
Separate treasuries Yanling had set under Revenue held goods diverted from the main store. They were merged back into the main treasury.
97
辛酉，遣度支、鹽鐵轉運副使潘孟陽宣慰江、淮，行視租賦、榷稅利害，因察官史否臧，百姓疾苦。
On xinyou revenue deputy Pan Mengyang was sent to comfort Jiang-Huai, inspect taxes, and investigate officials and popular hardship.
98
癸亥，以尚書左丞鄭餘慶同平章事。
On guihai Left Vice Minister Zheng Yuqing became Grand Councillor.
99
九月，戊辰，禮儀使奏：「曾太皇太皇沈氏歲月滋深，迎訪理絕。 案晉庾蔚之議，尋求三年之外，俟中壽而服之。 伏請以大行皇帝啟攢宮日，皇帝帥百官舉哀，即以其日為忌。」 從之。
In the ninth month the rites director reported that Empress Shen's years made further search impossible. Following Jin scholar Yu Weizhi, after three years one waits until middle age to mourn. Let the day the late emperor's coffin left the palace be the mourning day and anniversary." Approved.
100
壬申，監修國史韋執誼奏，始令史官撰《日曆》。
On renshen national history supervisor Wei Zhiyi ordered historians to compile the Daily Calendar.
101
己卯，貶神策行軍司馬韓泰為撫州刺史，司封郎中韓曄為池州刺史，禮部員外郎柳宗元為邵州刺史，屯田員外郎劉禹錫為連州刺史。
On jimao Han Tai became Fu prefect, Han Ye Chi prefect, Liu Zongyuan Shao prefect, and Liu Yuxi Lian prefect.
102
冬，十月，丁酉，右僕射、同平章事賈耽薨。
In winter, on dingyou Grand Councillor Jia Dan died.
103
戊戌，以中書侍郎、同平章事袁滋同平章事，充西川節度使； 征劉闢為給事中。
On wuxu Yuan Zi became Grand Councillor and western Shu military governor; Liu Pi was summoned as drafting officer.
104
舒王誼薨。
Prince of Shu Yi died.
105
太常議曾太皇太后謚曰睿真皇后。
Imperial Sacrifices proposed the posthumous title Empress Ruizhen.
106
山人羅令則自長安如普潤，矯稱太上皇誥，徵兵於秦州刺史劉澭，且說澭以廢立。 澭執送長安，並其黨杖殺之。
Mountain man Luo Lingze forged a Retired Emperor proclamation to raise Qin governor Liu Yong in deposition and enthronement. Yong sent him to Chang'an; he and his party were clubbed to death.
107
己酉，葬神武孝文皇帝於崇陵，廟號德宗。
On jiyou Dezong was buried at Chongling.
108
十一月，己巳，祔睿真皇后、德宗皇帝主於太廟。 禮儀使杜黃裳等議，以為：「國家法周制，太祖猶後稷，高祖猶文王，太宗猶武王，皆不遷。 高宗在三昭三穆之外，請遷主於西夾室。」 從之。
In the eleventh month tablets for Empress Ruizhen and Dezong entered the ancestral temple. Huangshang argued the state followed Zhou: founding ancestor, Gaozu, and Taizong remain unmoved. Gaozong lies outside the three zhao and three mu; move his tablet to the western side chamber." Approved.
109
壬申，貶中書侍郎、同平章事韋執誼為崖州司馬。 執誼以嘗與王叔文異同，且杜黃裳婿，故獨後貶。 然叔文敗，執誼亦自失形勢，知禍且至，雖尚為相，常不自得，奄奄無氣，聞人行聲，輒惶悸失色，以至於貶。
On renshen Wei Zhiyi was demoted to Ya army supervisor. Because he had differed with Shuwen and was Huangshang's son-in-law, Zhiyi was demoted last. After Shuwen's fall Zhiyi, still chancellor, lived in terror until demoted.
110
戊寅，以韓全義為太子少保，致仕。
On wuyin Han Quanyi was made Junior Tutor and retired.
111
劉闢不受征，阻兵自守。 袁滋畏其強，不敢進。 上怒，貶滋為吉州刺史。
Pi refused the summons and held troops. Yuan Zi feared him and dared not advance. The emperor demoted Zi to Ji prefect.
112
復以右庶子武元衡為御史中丞。
Wu Yuanheng was again made Right Mentor and censor-in-chief.
113
朝議謂王叔文之黨或自員外郎出為刺史，貶之太輕。 己卯，再貶韓泰為虔州司馬、韓曄為饒州司馬、柳宗元為永州司馬、劉禹錫為朗州司馬，又貶河中少尹陳諫為台州司馬，和州刺史凌准為連州司馬，岳州刺史程異為郴州司馬。
Court opinion held Shuwen's men, demoted from outer director to prefect, were punished too lightly. On jimao they were demoted again to army supervisors: Han Tai to Qian, Han Ye to Rao, Liu Zongyuan to Yong, Liu Yuxi to Lang, Chen Jian to Tai, Ling Zhun to Lian, and Cheng Yi to Chen.
114
回鶻懷信可汗卒，遣鴻臚少卿孫杲臨吊，冊其嗣為騰裡野合俱錄毘伽可汗。
The Uyghur Creditable Khan died; Sun Gao mourned and invested his successor.
115
十二月，甲辰，加山南東道節度使-{于}-頔同平章事。
In the twelfth month Yu Di of southern Shannan east was made Grand Councillor.
116
以奉義節度使伊慎為右僕射。
Fengyi military governor Yi Shen was made Right Vice Minister.
117
己酉，以給事中劉闢為西川節度副使、知節度事。 上以初嗣位，力未能計故也。 右諫議大夫韋丹上疏，以為：「今釋闢不誅，則朝廷可以指臂而使者，惟兩京耳。 此外誰不為叛！」 上善其言。 壬子，以丹為東川節度使。 丹，津之五世孫也。
On jiyou Liu Pi was made western Shu deputy and acting military governor. The new emperor, not yet strong enough to act, yielded. Wei Dan wrote that sparing Pi meant only the two capitals would obey the court. Who beyond them would not rebel!" The emperor approved. On renzi Wei Dan was made eastern Chuan military governor. Dan was a fifth-generation descendant of Wei Jin.
118
辛酉，百官請上上皇尊號曰應乾聖壽太上皇，上尊號曰文武大聖孝德皇帝。 上許上上皇尊號而自辭不受。
On xinyou officials proposed honorifics for Retired Emperor and emperor. The emperor granted the Retired Emperor's title but declined his own.
119
壬戌，以翰林學士鄭絪為中書侍郎、同平章事。
On renxu Hanlin academician Zheng Qun became Vice Grand Councillor.
120
以刑部郎中杜兼為蘇州刺史。 兼辭行，上書稱李錡且反，必奏族臣。 上然之，留為吏部郎中。
Justice director Du Jian was made Su prefect. Jian declined, warning that Li Qi would rebel and destroy his clan if he went. The emperor agreed and kept him at Personnel.
121
CATEGORY:資治通鑑」」
CATEGORY: Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance””