1
資治通鑑第256卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 256
2
【唐紀七十二】起閼逢執徐六月，盡強圉協洽三月，凡二年有奇。
[Tang Records 72] From the sixth month of Yanfeng Zhixu through the third month of Qiangyu Xiejia—a span of more than two years.
3
僖宗惠聖恭定孝皇帝下之上中和四年（ 甲辰，公元八八四年）
Below [the account of] Emperor Xizong, Huisheng Gongding Xiaoxiao, Part One—Zhonghe year 4 ( Jiachen, equivalent to 884 CE)
4
六月，壬辰，東川留後高仁厚奏鄭君雄斬楊師立出降。 仁厚圍梓州久不下，乃為書射城中，道其將士曰：「仁厚不忍城中玉石俱焚，為諸君緩師十日，使諸君自成其功。 若十日不送師立首，當分見兵為五番，番分晝夜以攻之，於此甚逸，於彼必困矣。 五日不下，四面俱進，克之必矣。 諸君圖之！」 數日，君雄大呼於眾曰：「天子所誅者元惡耳，他人無預也！」 眾呼萬歲，大噪，突入府中，師立自殺，君雄挈其首出降。 仁厚獻其首及妻子於行在，陳敬瑄釘其子於城北，敬瑄三子出觀之，釘者呼曰：「茲事行及汝曹，汝曹於後努力領取！」 三子走馬而返。 以高仁厚為東川節度使。
In the sixth month, on renchen day, Gao Renhou, acting military governor of Dongchuan, reported that Zheng Junxiong had killed Yang Shili and surrendered. After a long siege of Zizhou that would not fall, Renhou shot a letter into the city telling the garrison: "I cannot bear to see the city destroyed with everyone in it. I will give you ten days to finish this yourselves. If you do not send Shili's head within ten days, I will divide my forces into five shifts and attack you around the clock—easy work for us, and you will be worn down. If the city has not fallen in five days, we will attack from all sides and take it for certain. Think it over, all of you!" A few days later, Junxiong cried out to the troops: "The Son of Heaven seeks only the ringleader; the rest of you are not implicated!" The men shouted "Long live the Emperor!" and with a great uproar stormed the headquarters. Shili killed himself, and Junxiong brought out his head to surrender. Renhou sent the head and Shili's family to the emperor's camp. Chen Jingxuan had Shili's son nailed up by the north gate. Jingxuan's three sons came out to watch, and the victim shouted: "This will reach you soon—do your best to claim your share when it comes!" The three sons wheeled their horses and fled. Gao Renhou was appointed military governor of Dongchuan.
5
甲辰，武寧將李師悅與尚讓追黃巢至瑕丘，敗之。 巢眾殆盡，走至狼虎谷，丙午，巢甥林言斬巢兄弟妻子首，將詣時溥，遇沙陀博野軍，奪之，並斬言首以獻於溥。
On jiachen day, Li Shiyue of Wuning and Shang Rang pursued Huang Chao to Xiaqiu and defeated him. Chao's forces were nearly gone; he fled to Langhu Valley. On bingwu day, his nephew Lin Yan cut off the heads of Chao, his brothers, wife, and children and set out to deliver them to Shi Pu. He met the Shatuo Boye Army, which seized the heads, killed Yan as well, and presented everything to Pu.
6
蔡州節度使秦宗權縱兵四出，侵噬鄰道。 天平節度使朱瑄，有眾三萬，從父弟瑾，勇冠軍中。 宣武節度使朱全忠為宗權所攻，勢甚窘，求救於瑄，瑄遣瑾將兵救之，敗宗權於合鄉。 全忠德之，與瑄約為兄弟。
Qin Zongquan, military governor of Caizhou, unleashed his troops in every direction to plunder neighboring circuits. Zhu Xuan, military governor of Tianping, commanded thirty thousand men. His younger cousin Zhu Jin was the bravest soldier in the ranks. Zhu Quanzhong of Xuanwu was hard pressed by Zongquan and begged Xuan for help. Xuan sent Jin with an army, and they defeated Zongquan at Hexiang. Grateful, Quanzhong swore brotherhood with Xuan.
7
秋，七月，壬午，時溥遣使獻黃巢及家人首並姬妾，上御大玄樓受之。 宣問姬妾：「汝曹皆勳貴子女，世受國恩，何為從賊？」 其居首者對曰：「狂賊凶逆，國家以百萬之眾，失守宗祧，播遷巴、蜀； 今陛下以不能拒賊責一女子，置公卿將帥於何地乎！」 上不復問，皆戮之於市。 人爭與之酒，其餘皆悲怖昏醉，居首者獨不飲不泣，至於就刑，神色肅然。
In autumn, the seventh month, on renwu day, Shi Pu sent envoys bearing the heads of Huang Chao and his kin, together with his concubines. The emperor received them at the Da Xuan Tower. He questioned the concubines: "You are all daughters of noble houses that have served the dynasty for generations. Why did you follow the rebel?" The woman at the front answered: "That mad rebel was brutal and treacherous. The empire, with armies in the millions, lost the ancestral shrines and was driven into exile in Ba and Shu. Now Your Majesty blames one woman for not resisting the rebel—where does that leave your ministers and generals!" The emperor asked no more and had them all executed in the market. Onlookers pressed wine on them; the others wept and drank themselves into a stupor of fear, but the leader neither drank nor cried, and went to her death with a calm, solemn face.
8
朱全忠擊秦宗權，敗示權於殷水。
Zhu Quanzhong attacked Qin Zongquan, routed him, and paraded the captives at Yinshui.
9
李克用至晉陽，大治甲兵，遣榆次鎮將雁門李承嗣奉表詣行在，自陳：「有破黃巢大功，為朱全忠所圖，僅能自免，將佐已下從行者三百餘人，並牌印皆沒不返。 全忠仍榜東都、陝、孟，雲臣已死，行營兵潰，令所在邀遮屠翦，勿令潮失，將士皆號泣冤訴，請復仇讎。 臣以朝廷至公，當俟詔命，拊循抑止，復歸本道。 乞遣使按問，發兵誅討，臣遣弟克勤將萬騎在河中俟命。」 時朝廷以大寇初平，方務姑息，得克用表，大恐，但遣中使賜優詔和解之。 克用前後凡八表，稱：「全忠妒功疾能，陰狡禍賊，異日必為國患。 惟乞下詔削其官爵，臣自帥本道兵討之，不用度支糧餉。」 上累遣楊復恭等諭指，稱：「吾深知卿冤，方事之殷，姑存大體。」 克用終鬱鬱不平。 時籓鎮相攻者，朝廷不復為之辨曲直。 由是互相吞噬，惟力是視，皆無所稟畏矣。
Li Keyong reached Jinyang and set about rearming his forces in earnest. He sent Li Chengsi of Yanmen, the garrison commander at Yuci, to the imperial court with a memorial: "I played a leading part in crushing Huang Chao, yet Zhu Quanzhong plotted against me and I barely escaped. More than three hundred officers and men who came with me, and all their tally-seals, were seized and never returned. Quanzhong also posted proclamations in the eastern capital, Shaan, and Meng claiming I was dead and my army routed, ordering every post to cut us down so that not one of my men should escape. My officers and soldiers weep and plead their innocence, begging leave to take revenge. Out of respect for the court's impartiality I have restrained them and awaited your orders, and have returned to my own circuit. I beg that you send envoys to investigate and troops to punish him. I have sent my brother Keqin with ten thousand horsemen to Hezhong, awaiting your command." The court had only just put down the great rebellion and was bent on conciliation. Alarmed by Keyong's memorial, it sent only palace envoys with gracious edicts to patch things up. Keyong sent eight memorials in all, declaring: "Quanzhong envies merit and hates talent. He is a secret schemer and a source of disaster, and will one day become a grave threat to the state. I beg only that you strip him of rank by edict. I will lead my own circuit's troops against him and will not draw on the treasury for supplies." The emperor repeatedly sent Yang Fugong and others to explain: "I know full well you have been wronged, but affairs are urgent just now. For the moment, let us preserve the larger peace." Keyong remained bitter and unreconciled. When the military governors fought one another, the court no longer bothered to judge who was right or wrong. They swallowed one another up, respecting only force, and no longer feared or obeyed the throne.
10
八月，李克用奏請割麟州隸河東，又奏請以弟克修為昭義節度使，皆許之。 由是昭義分為二鎮，進克用爵隴西郡王。 克用奏罷雲蔚防禦使，依舊隸河東，從之。
In the eighth month, Li Keyong asked that Linzhou be placed under Hedong and that his brother Kexiu be appointed military governor of Zhaoyi. Both requests were granted. Zhaoyi was thus split into two commands, and Keyong was promoted to Prince of Longxi. Keyong asked that the Yunwei defense command be abolished and the region returned to Hedong. The court agreed.
11
九月，己未，加朱全忠同平章事。
In the ninth month, on jiwei day, Zhu Quanzhong was appointed Associate Director of the Chancellery.
12
以右僕射、大明宮留守王徽知京兆尹事。 上以長安宮室焚毀，故久留蜀未歸。 徽招撫流散，戶口稍歸，復繕治宮室，百司粗有緒。 冬，十月，關東籓表請車駕還京師。
Wang Hui, Right Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat and keeper of the Daming Palace, was put in charge of the metropolitan government of Chang'an. Because the palaces of Chang'an had been burned, the emperor had long lingered in Shu without returning. Hui gathered the displaced population back to the city, households slowly returned, and he began restoring the palaces until the government offices were roughly functioning again. In winter, the tenth month, the governors east of the pass petitioned for the emperor's return to the capital.
13
朱全忠之降也，義成節度使王鐸為都統，承製除官。 全忠初鎮大梁，事鐸禮甚恭，鐸依以為援。 而全忠兵浸強，益驕倨，鐸知不足恃，表請還朝，徙鐸為義昌節度使。
When Zhu Quanzhong submitted, Wang Duo of Yicheng was supreme commander and issued appointments in the emperor's name. When Quanzhong first took up his post at Daliang, he treated Duo with great deference, and Duo counted on him as an ally. As Quanzhong's power grew, he grew ever more arrogant. Duo saw he could no longer rely on him, asked to return to court, and was transferred to Yichang as military governor.
14
鹿晏弘之去河中，王建、韓建、張造、晉暉、李師泰各帥其眾與之俱； 及據興元，以建等為巡內刺史，不遣之官。 晏弘猜忌，眾心不附，王建、韓建素相親善，晏弘尤忌之，數引入臥內，待之加厚。 二建密相謂曰：「僕射甘言厚意，疑我也，禍將至矣！」 田令孜密遣人以厚利誘之，十一月，二建與張造、晉暉、李師泰帥眾數千逃奔行在，令孜皆養為假子，賜與巨萬，拜諸衛將軍，使各將其眾，號隨駕五都。 又遣禁兵討晏弘，晏弘率眾棄興元走。
When Lu Yanhong left Hezhong, Wang Jian, Han Jian, Zhang Zao, Jin Hui, and Li Shitai each led their men to follow him. After he seized Xingyuan, he named Jian and the others as internal inspectors but never sent them to their posts. Yanhong was suspicious and his men were not loyal. Wang Jian and Han Jian had long been close friends, and Yanhong especially distrusted them, repeatedly calling them into his private quarters and treating them with unusual warmth. The two Jians whispered to each other: "His kind words and favors mean he suspects us. Disaster is near!" Tian Lingzi secretly sent agents to lure them with rich rewards. In the eleventh month, the two Jians fled to the emperor's camp with Zhang Zao, Jin Hui, and Li Shitai and several thousand men. Lingzi adopted them all as foster sons, gave them enormous gifts, made them generals of the guard regiments, and let each keep his own troops. They were called the Five Commands of the Imperial Escort. Lingzi also sent imperial guards against Yanhong, who abandoned Xingyuan and fled with his army.
15
初，宦者曹知愨，本華原富家子，有膽略。 黃巢陷長安，知愨歸鄉里，集壯士，據嵯峨山南，為堡自固，巢黨不敢近。 知愨數遣壯士變衣服語言，效巢黨，夜入長安攻賊營，賊驚以為鬼神； 又疑其下有叛者，由是心不自安。 朝廷聞而嘉之，就除內常侍，賜金紫。 知愨聞車駕將還，謂人曰：「吾施小術，使諸軍得成大功，從駕群臣但平步往來，俟至大散關，當閱其可歸者納之。」 行在聞之，恐其為變； 田令孜尤惡之，密以敕旨諭邠寧節度使王行瑜，使誅之。 行瑜潛師自嵯峨山北乘高攻之，知愨不為備，舉營盡殪。 令孜益驕橫，禁制天子，不得有所主斷。 上患其專，時語左右而流涕。
Earlier, the eunuch Cao Zhihui had been the son of a wealthy family in Huayuan and was bold and resourceful. When Huang Chao seized Chang'an, Zhihui went home, gathered fighting men, and fortified himself on the south slope of Mount Cuoe. Chao's followers did not dare come near. Zhihui repeatedly sent men disguised as Chao's followers into Chang'an by night to strike rebel camps. The rebels were terrified, thinking spirits were at work. They also suspected traitors in their own ranks, and their morale collapsed. The court heard of this and praised him, appointing him Palace Attendant on the spot and bestowing the gold-and-purple insignia. Hearing that the emperor was about to return, Zhihui said: "I used a small trick so the armies could win great glory, while the courtiers who followed the throne simply strolled back and forth. When we reach Dasan Pass, I will sort out who deserves to go home and who does not." The court heard this and feared he would stir up trouble. Tian Lingzi especially hated him and secretly ordered Wang Xingyu, military governor of Binning, to kill him. Xingyu sent troops secretly from north of Mount Cuoe to attack from above. Zhihui was unprepared, and his entire camp was wiped out. Lingzi grew ever more arrogant and domineering, keeping the emperor from making any decision on his own. The emperor resented his grip on power and sometimes wept as he spoke to those around him.
16
鹿晏弘引兵東出襄州，秦宗權遣其將秦誥、趙德諲將兵會之，共攻襄州，陷之； 山南東道節度使劉臣容奔成都。 德諲，蔡州人也。 晏弘引兵轉掠襄、鄧、均、房、廬、壽，復還許州。 忠武節度使周岌聞其至，棄鎮走，晏弘遂據許州，自稱留後，朝廷不能討，因以為忠武節度使。
Lu Yanhong marched east from Xiangzhou. Qin Zongquan sent Qin Hao and Zhao Deneng with troops to join him, and together they captured Xiangzhou. Liu Chenrong, military governor of Shannan East Circuit, fled to Chengdu. Deneng was a native of Caizhou. Yanhong marched on, plundering Xiang, Deng, Jun, Fang, Lu, and Shou, then returned to Xuzhou. Zhou Ji of Zhongwu fled his post when he heard Yanhong was coming. Yanhong seized Xuzhou, declared himself acting governor, and because the court could not subdue him, was recognized as military governor of Zhongwu.
17
十二月，己丑，陳敬瑄表辭三川都指揮、招討、制置、安撫等使，從之。
In the twelfth month, on jichou day, Chen Jingxuan asked to resign as supreme commander, campaign commander, and pacification commissioner of the Three Circuits of Sichuan. The court agreed.
18
初，黃巢轉掠福建，建州人陳巖聚眾數千保鄉里，號九龍軍，福建觀察使鄭鎰奏為團練副使。 泉州刺史、左廂都虞候李連有罪，亡入溪洞，合眾攻福州，巖擊敗之。 鎰畏巖之逼，表巖自代，壬寅，以巖為福建觀察使。 巖為治有威惠，閩人安之。
Earlier, when Huang Chao ravaged Fujian, Chen Yan of Jianzhou raised several thousand men to defend his home district and called them the Nine Dragons Army. Zheng Yi, observation commissioner of Fujian, recommended him as deputy militia commissioner. Li Lian, prefect of Quanzhou and chief inspector of the left wing, had committed a crime and fled into the hill country. He gathered a force and attacked Fuzhou, but Yan defeated him. Yi, fearing Yan's power, asked that Yan replace him. On renyin day, Yan was appointed observation commissioner of Fujian. Yan governed with both firmness and kindness, and the people of Min lived in peace.
19
義昌節度使兼中書令王鐸，厚於奉養，過魏州，侍妾成列，服御鮮華，如承平之態。 魏博節度使樂彥禎之子從訓，伏卒數百人於漳南高雞泊，圍而殺之，及賓僚從者三百餘人皆死，掠其資裝侍妾而還。 彥禎奏雲為盜所殺，朝廷不能詰。
Wang Duo, military governor of Yichang and concurrently Director of the Chancellery, lived in great luxury. Passing through Weizhou, his concubines marched in a long procession and his equipage was bright and splendid, as if the empire were still at peace. Le Congxun, son of Le Yanzhen of Weibo, ambushed him with several hundred men at Gaojipo south of Zhang. Duo and more than three hundred guests, officials, and attendants were killed. They stripped his goods and concubines and went home. Yanzhen reported that bandits had killed him. The court could not press the matter.
20
賜邠寧軍號曰靜難。
The Binning Army was given the designation Jingnan, "Pacifying Difficulties."
21
是歲，餘杭鎮使陳晟逐睦州刺史柳超，穎州都知兵馬使汝陰王敬蕘逐其刺史，各領州事，朝廷因命為刺史。
That year Chen Sheng of Yuhang drove out the prefect of Muzhou, and Wang Jingyao of Yingzhou drove out its prefect. Each seized control of his prefecture, and the court duly recognized them as prefects.
22
均州賊帥孫喜聚眾數千人，謀攻州城，刺史呂燁不知所為。 都將武當馮行襲伏兵江南，自乘小舟迎喜，謂曰：「州人得良牧，無不歸心，然公所從之卒大多，州人懼於剽掠，尚以為疑。 不若置軍江北，獨與腹心輕騎俱進，行襲請為前道，告諭州人，無不服者矣。」 喜以為然，從之； 既渡江，軍吏迎謁，伏兵發，行襲手擊喜，斬之，從喜者皆死，江北軍望之俱潰。 山南東道節度使上其功，詔以行襲為均州刺史。 州西有長山，當襄、鄧入蜀之道，群盜據之，抄掠貢賦，行襲討誅之，蜀道以通。
Sun Xi, a rebel leader in Junzhou, raised several thousand men and planned to storm the prefectural city. Prefect Lü Ye was at a loss. Feng Xingsi of Wudang, a garrison commander, hid troops south of the river and rowed out in a small boat to meet Xi. He said: "The people are glad to have a good governor and would welcome you, but your followers are too many. The townspeople fear looting and are still uneasy. Why not leave your army north of the river and come in with only your closest men and a light escort? Let me go ahead and announce your arrival. No one will refuse to submit." Xi agreed and did as he suggested. Once they had crossed the river, officials came out to greet them and the ambush sprang. Xingsi struck Xi down with his own hand and cut off his head. All who had come with Xi were killed, and the army north of the river broke and fled at the sight. The military governor of Shannan East Circuit reported his exploit, and the court appointed Xingsi prefect of Junzhou. West of the prefecture stood Mount Chang, on the road from Xiang and Deng into Shu. Bandits held it and robbed tribute convoys. Xingsi attacked and destroyed them, and the road into Shu was open again.
23
鳳翔節度使李昌言病，表弟昌符知留後。 昌言薨，制以昌符為鳳翔節度使。
Li Changyan, military governor of Fengxiang, fell ill, and his younger cousin Changfu took charge as acting governor. When Changyan died, the court appointed Changfu military governor of Fengxiang.
24
時黃巢雖平，秦宗權復熾，命將出兵，寇掠鄰道，陳彥侵淮南，秦賢侵江南，秦誥陷襄、唐、鄧，孫儒陷東都、孟、陝、虢，張晊陷汝、鄭，盧瑭攻汴、宋，所至屠翦焚蕩，殆無孑遺。 其殘暴又甚於巢，軍行未始轉糧，車載鹽屍以從。 北至衛、滑，西及關輔，東盡青、齊，南出江、淮，州鎮存者僅保一城，極目千里，無復煙火。 上將還長安、畏宗權為患。
Although Huang Chao had been crushed, Qin Zongquan rose again. He sent his generals to ravage neighboring circuits: Chen Yan into Huainan, Qin Xian into Jiangnan, Qin Hao into Xiang, Tang, and Deng, Sun Ru into the eastern capital, Meng, Shaan, and Guo, Zhang Zhi into Ru and Zheng, Lu Tang against Bian and Song. Wherever they marched they slaughtered and burned until scarcely anyone was left alive. They were even more brutal than Chao's men. The army never carried grain on campaign but loaded carts with salted human flesh instead. North to Wei and Hua, west to the capital region, east to Qing and Qi, south to the Yangtze and Huai—the surviving towns held at most a single walled city. For a thousand li in every direction, not a wisp of hearth smoke remained. The emperor meant to return to Chang'an but feared what Zongquan might do.
25
僖宗惠聖恭定孝皇帝下之上光啟元年（ 乙巳，公元八八五年）
Below [the account of] Emperor Xizong, Huisheng Gongding Xiaoxiao, Part One—Guangqi year 1 ( Yisi, equivalent to 885 CE)
26
春，正月，戊午，下詔招撫之。
In spring, the first month, on wuwu day, the court issued an edict offering amnesty and reconciliation.
27
己卯，車駕發成都，陳敬瑄送至漢州而還。
On jimao day the imperial procession left Chengdu. Chen Jingxuan escorted it as far as Hanzhou and then turned back.
28
荊南監軍朱敬玫所募忠勇軍暴橫，節度使陳儒患之。 鄭紹業之鎮荊南也，遣大將申屠琮將兵五千擊黃巢於長安。 軍還，儒告琮，使除之。 忠勇將程君之聞之，帥其眾奔朗州，琮追擊之，殺百餘人，餘眾皆潰，自是琮復專軍政。
The Loyal and Brave Army raised by Zhu Jingmei, the military supervisor of Jingnan, ran riot, and Military Governor Chen Ru was alarmed. When Zheng Shaoye was posted to Jingnan, he had sent the general Shentu Cong with five thousand men to fight Huang Chao at Chang'an. When the troops came back, Ru enlisted Cong to destroy them. Cheng Junzhi, an officer of the Loyal and Brave Army, heard of the plan and led his men to Langzhou. Cong pursued them, killed over a hundred, and the rest fled. From that point Cong once again held sole control of military affairs.
29
雷滿屢攻掠荊南，儒重賂以卻之。 淮南將張瑰、韓師德叛高駢，據復、岳二州，自稱刺史，儒請瑰攝行軍司馬，師德攝節度副使，將兵擊雷滿。 師德引兵上峽大掠，歸於岳州，瑰還兵逐儒而代之。 儒將奔行在，瑰劫還，囚之。 瑰，渭州人，性貪暴，荊南舊將夷滅殆盡。
Lei Man raided Jingnan again and again; Ru bought him off with heavy bribes. The Huainan generals Zhang Gui and Han Shide rebelled against Gao Pian, seized Fu and Yue, and declared themselves prefects. Ru appointed Gui acting campaign secretary and Shide acting deputy military governor, then marched against Lei Man. Shide led his men through the gorges and looted heavily before returning to Yuezhou. Gui then turned his army around, expelled Ru, and took his place. Ru tried to flee to the emperor's camp, but Gui intercepted him, brought him back, and threw him in prison. Gui was from Weizhou, greedy and savage by nature, and he nearly wiped out every veteran general in Jingnan.
30
先是，朱敬玫屢殺大將及富商以致富，朝廷遣中使楊玄晦代之。 敬玫留居荊南，嘗曝衣。 瑰見而欲之，遣卒夜攻之，殺敬玫，盡取其財。 瑰惡牙將郭禹慓悍，欲殺之，禹結黨千人亡去，庚申，襲歸州，據之，自稱刺史。 禹，青州人成汭也，因殺人亡命，更其姓名。
Earlier, Zhu Jingmei had grown rich by repeatedly killing senior generals and wealthy merchants. The court sent the palace envoy Yang Xuanhui to replace him. Jingmei stayed on in Jingnan and once hung his clothes out to dry. Gui saw the display and coveted it. He sent men to attack at night, killed Jingmei, and seized all his property. Gui hated the staff general Guo Yu for his fierce, unruly spirit and wanted him dead. Yu rallied a thousand followers and fled. On gengshen day he seized Guizhou, held it, and declared himself prefect. Yu was really Cheng Wei of Qingzhou, a fugitive who had killed a man and taken a new name.
31
南康賊帥盧光稠陷虔州，自稱刺史，以其裡人譚全播為謀主。
The Nankang bandit leader Lu Guangchou took Qianzhou, declared himself prefect, and made his townsman Tan Quanbo his chief adviser.
32
秦宗權責租賦於光州刺史王緒，緒不能給，宗權怒，發兵擊之。 緒懼，悉舉光、壽兵五千人，驅吏民渡江，以劉行全為前鋒，轉掠江、洪、虔州，是月，陷汀、漳二州，然皆不能守也。
Qin Zongquan demanded taxes from Wang Xu, the prefect of Guangzhou. When Xu could not pay, Zongquan flew into a rage and sent troops against him. Terrified, Xu gathered all five thousand troops from Guang and Shou, forced officials and civilians across the Yangzi, and put Liu Xingquan in the vanguard. They swept through Jiang, Hong, and Qian, and that month took Ting and Zhang—but could hold neither.
33
秦宗權寇穎、亳，朱全忠敗之於焦夷。
Qin Zongquan invaded Ying and Bo; Zhu Quanzhong defeated him at Jiaoyi.
34
二月，丙申，車駕至鳳翔。 三月，丁卯，至京師； 荊棘滿城，狐兔縱橫，上淒然不樂。 己巳，赦天下，改元。 時朝廷號令所在，惟河西、山南、劍南、嶺南數十州而已。
In the second month, on bingshen day, the emperor reached Fengxiang. In the third month, on dingmao day, he reached the capital; thorns choked the streets, foxes and hares ran wild through the ruins, and the emperor was stricken with grief. On jisi day he proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the reign era. By then the court's authority extended to only a few dozen prefectures in Hexi, Shannan, Jiannan, and Lingnan.
35
秦宗權稱帝，置百官，詔以武寧節度使時溥為蔡州四面行營兵馬都統以討之。
Qin Zongquan declared himself emperor and set up a full court. The throne appointed Shi Pu, military governor of Wuning, supreme commander of the encircling forces at Caizhou to bring him down.
36
盧龍節度使李可舉、成德節度使王鎔惡李克用之強，而義武節度使王處存與克用親善，為侄鄴娶克用女。 又，河北諸鎮，惟義武尚屬朝廷，可舉等恐其窺伺山東，終為己患，乃相與謀曰：「易、定，燕、趙之餘也。」 約共滅處存而分其地。 又說雲中節度使赫連鐸使攻克用之背。 可舉遣其將李全忠將兵六萬攻易州，鎔遣將將兵攻無極。 處存告急於克用，克用遣其將康君立等將兵救之。
Li Keju of Lulong and Wang Rong of Chengde resented Li Keyong's power, but Wang Chucun of Yiwu was on friendly terms with Keyong and had his nephew Ye marry Keyong's daughter. Among the Hebei garrisons, only Yiwu still answered to the court. Keju and the others feared that Chucun would eye Shandong and eventually become their enemy, so they plotted together: "Yi and Ding are all that remain of Yan and Zhao." They agreed to destroy Chucun together and divide his land. They also persuaded Helian Duo, military governor of Yunzhong, to attack Keyong from the rear. Keju sent his general Li Quanzhong with sixty thousand men against Yizhou, while Rong sent a general to attack Wuji. Chucun appealed to Keyong for help, and Keyong sent Kang Junli and other generals to his relief.
37
閏月，秦宗權遣其弟宗言寇荊南。 初，田令孜在蜀募新軍五十四都，每都千人，分隸兩神策，為十軍以統之，又南牙、北司官共萬餘員。 是時籓鎮各專租稅，河南、北、江、淮無復上供，三司轉運無調發之所，度支惟收京畿、同、華、鳳翔等數州租稅，不能贍，賞賚不時，士卒有怨言。 令孜患之，不知所出。 先是，安邑、解縣兩池鹽皆隸鹽鐵，置官榷之。 中和以來，河中節度使王重榮專之，歲獻三千車以供國用，令孜奏復如舊制隸鹽鐵。 夏，四月，令孜自兼兩池榷鹽使，收其利以贍軍。 重榮上章論訴不已，遣中使往諭之，重榮不可。 時令孜多遣親信覘籓鎮，有不附己者，輒圖之。 令孜養子匡祐使河中，重榮待之甚厚，而匡祐傲甚，舉軍皆憤怒。 重榮乃數令敢罪惡，責其無禮，監軍為講解，僅得脫去。 匡祐歸，以告令孜，勸圖之。 五月，令孜徙重榮為泰寧節度使，以泰寧節度使齊克讓為義武節度使，以義武節度使王處存為河中節度使，仍詔李克用以河東軍援處存赴鎮。
In the intercalary month, Qin Zongquan sent his brother Zongyan to invade Jingnan. Earlier, while in Shu, Tian Lingzi had raised a new army of fifty-four companies of a thousand men each, assigned them to the two Shence Armies under ten corps, and expanded the Southern and Northern Bureaus to more than ten thousand officials. By then each garrison kept its own taxes; Henan, Hebei, the Yangzi, and the Huai sent nothing to the capital. The transport offices had nowhere to draw supplies. Revenue came only from the capital region, Tong, Hua, Fengxiang, and a handful of other prefectures—not enough to pay the bills. Rewards came late, and the soldiers grumbled. Lingzi was alarmed and could see no way out. Previously the salt ponds at Anyi and Jie county had belonged to the Salt and Iron Commission and were run as a state monopoly. Since the Zhonghe era, Wang Chongrong of Hezhong had controlled them, sending three thousand cartloads of salt each year for the state. Lingzi petitioned to restore the old system and put them back under the Salt and Iron Commission. In summer, the fourth month, Lingzi made himself commissioner of the two salt ponds, seizing their profits to pay the troops. Chongrong kept sending memorials of protest. The court dispatched a palace envoy to reason with him, but Chongrong refused to yield. Lingzi constantly sent trusted agents to watch the garrisons, and whenever one failed to support him, he plotted its downfall. Lingzi's adopted son Kuang You was sent to Hezhong. Chongrong treated him lavishly, but Kuang You was insufferably arrogant, and the entire army seethed with anger. Chongrong then listed Lingzi's crimes one by one and rebuked Kuang You for his insolence. The army supervisor intervened, and Kuang You barely got away alive. Kuang You returned, reported everything to Lingzi, and urged him to destroy Chongrong. In the fifth month, Lingzi transferred Chongrong to Taining, moved Qi Kerang from Taining to Yiwu, and posted Wang Chucun from Yiwu to Hezhong. He also ordered Li Keyong to escort Chucun to his new command with Hedong troops.
38
盧龍兵攻易州，裨將劉仁恭穴地入城，遂克之。 仁恭，深州人也。 李克用自將救無極，敗成德兵。 成德兵退保新城，克用復進擊，大破之，拔新城，成德兵走，追至九門，斬首萬餘級。 盧龍兵既得易州，驕怠，王處存夜遣卒三千蒙羊皮造城下，盧龍兵以為羊也，爭出掠之，處存奮擊，大破之，復取易州，李全忠走。
The Lulong army besieged Yizhou; the subordinate general Liu Rengong tunneled into the city and took it. Rengong was from Shenzhou. Li Keyong personally led a relief force to Wuji and routed the Chengde army. The Chengde army fell back to Xincheng. Keyong attacked again, smashed them, and took the city. He pursued the fleeing Chengde troops to Jiumen and took more than ten thousand heads. After taking Yizhou, the Lulong army grew arrogant and careless. Chucun sent three thousand men covered in sheepskins to the walls by night. The Lulong troops took them for sheep and rushed out to catch them. Chucun attacked fiercely, routed them, retook Yizhou, and Li Quanzhong fled.
39
加陝虢節度使王重盈同平章事。
Wang Chongying, military governor of Shan-Guo, was made honorary chief minister.
40
李全忠既喪師，恐獲罪，收餘眾還襲幽州。 六月，李可舉窘急，舉族登樓自焚死，全忠自為留後。
Having lost his army, Li Quanzhong feared punishment and turned back with his survivors to strike at Youzhou. In the sixth month, Li Keju, cornered and desperate, led his entire family up a tower and burned themselves to death. Quanzhong declared himself acting military governor.
41
東都留守李罕之與秦宗權將孫儒相拒數月，罕之兵少食盡，棄城，西保澠池，宗權陷東都。
Li Hanzhi, defender of Luoyang, and Sun Ru, a general of Qin Zongquan, fought for months. Hanzhi's men were few and supplies ran out. He abandoned the city, withdrew west to Mianchi, and Zongquan took Luoyang.
42
秋，七月，以李全忠為盧龍留後。
In autumn, the seventh month, Li Quanzhong was confirmed as acting military governor of Lulong.
43
乙巳，右補闕常浚上疏，以為：「陛下姑息籓鎮太甚，是非功過，駢首並足，致天下紛紛若此，猶未之寤，豈可不念駱谷之艱危，復懷西顧之計乎！ 宜稍振典刑以威四方。」 田令孜之黨言於上曰：「此疏傳於籓鎮，豈不致其猜忿！」 庚戌，貶浚萬州司戶，尋賜死。
On yisi day, Right Remonstrance Official Chang Jun submitted a memorial: "Your Majesty indulges the garrisons far too much—merit and fault, right and wrong, all treated alike—and has brought the realm to this chaos. Yet you still do not see it. Have you forgotten the peril at Luogu Pass? Will you again turn your eyes westward and flee? You should restore the authority of law to awe the realm." Tian Lingzi's faction told the emperor: "If this memorial reaches the garrisons, it will only stir their suspicion and rage!" On gengxu day Jun was demoted to registrar of Wanzhou, and soon after was ordered to take his own life.
44
滄州軍亂，逐節度使楊全玫，立牙將盧彥威為留後，全玫奔幽州。 以保鑾都將曹誠為義昌節度使，以彥威為德州刺史。
The Cangzhou garrison mutinied, expelled Military Governor Yang Quanmei, and made the staff general Lu Yanwei acting governor. Quanmei fled to Youzhou. Cao Cheng, a commander of the Imperial Guard, was appointed military governor of Yichang, and Yanwei was made prefect of Dezhou.
45
孫儒據東都月餘，燒宮室、官寺、民居，大掠席捲而去，城中寂無雞犬。 李罕之復引其眾入東都，築壘於市西而居之。
Sun Ru held Luoyang for more than a month, burned palaces, temples, and homes, looted everything he could carry, and left. The city fell silent—not a chicken or dog remained. Li Hanzhi marched back into Luoyang with his men, built a fortified camp west of the market, and made it his base.
46
王重榮自以有復京城功，為田令孜所擯，不肯之兗州，累表論令孜離間君臣，數令孜十罪，令孜結邠寧節充使朱玫、鳳翔節度使李昌符以抗之。 王處存亦上言：「幽、鎮兵新退，臣未敢離易、定。 且王重榮無罪，有大功於國，不宜輕有改易，搖籓鎮心。」 詔趣其上道。 八月，處存引軍至晉州，刺史冀君武閉城不內而還。
Wang Chongrong believed he deserved credit for recovering the capital. Pushed aside by Tian Lingzi, he refused to go to Yanzhou and sent memorial after memorial accusing Lingzi of driving a wedge between emperor and ministers, listing ten crimes against him. Lingzi rallied Zhu Mei of Binning and Li Changfu of Fengxiang to oppose him. Wang Chucun also wrote: "The armies from You and Zhen have only just withdrawn; I dare not leave Yi and Ding. Moreover, Wang Chongrong is innocent and has served the state well. He should not be moved lightly, or the garrisons will lose heart." The throne ordered him to depart at once. In the eighth month, Chucun marched to Jizhou, but Prefect Ji Junwu shut the gates against him, and Chucun turned back.
47
洺州刺史馬爽，與昭義行軍司馬奚忠信不葉，起兵屯邢州南，脅孟方立請誅忠信。 既而眾潰，爽奔魏州，忠信使人賂樂彥禎而殺之。
Ma Shuang, prefect of Mingzhou, fell out with Xi Zhongxin, campaign secretary of Zhaoyi. He raised troops and camped south of Xingzhou, forcing Meng Fangli to demand Zhongxin's death. Soon the force disintegrated. Shuang fled to Weizhou, and Zhongxin bribed Yue Yanzhen to have him killed.
48
秦宗權攻鄰道二十餘州，陷之； 唯陳州距蔡百餘里，兵力甚弱，刺史趙犨日與宗權戰，宗權不能屈。 詔以犨為蔡州節度使。 犨德朱全忠之援，與全忠結婚，凡全忠所調發，無不立至。
Qin Zongquan attacked more than twenty neighboring prefectures and took them; only Chenzhou, barely a hundred li from Cai and very weakly garrisoned, held out. Prefect Zhao Chou fought Zongquan day after day, and Zongquan could not break him. The throne appointed Chou military governor of Caizhou. Chou owed Zhu Quanzhong for his support. They sealed the bond with a marriage alliance, and whenever Quanzhong called for troops or supplies, Chou answered at once.
49
王緒至漳州，以道險糧少，令軍中「無得以老弱自隨，犯者斬！」 唯王潮兄弟扶其母董氏崎嶇從軍，緒召潮等責之曰：「軍皆有法，未有無法之軍。 汝違吾令而不誅，是無法也。」 三子曰：「人皆有母，未有無母之人； 將軍奈何使人棄其母！」 緒怒，命斬其母。 三子曰：「潮等事母如事將軍，既殺其母，安用其子！ 請先母死。」 將士皆為之請，乃捨之。 有望氣者謂緒曰：「軍中有王者氣。」 於是緒見將卒有勇略逾己及氣質魁岸者皆殺之。 劉行全亦死，眾皆自危，曰：「行全親也，且軍鋒之冠，猶不免，況吾屬乎！」 行至南安，王潮說其前鋒將曰：「吾屬違墳墓，捐妻子，羈旅外鄉為群盜，豈所欲哉！ 乃為緒所迫脅故也。 今緒猜刻不仁，妄殺無辜，軍中孑孓者受誅且盡。 子鬚眉若神，騎射絕倫，又為前鋒，吾竊為子危之！」 前鋒將執潮手泣，問計安出。 潮為之謀，伏壯士數十人於篁竹中，伺緒至，挺劍大呼躍出，就馬上擒之，反縛以徇，軍中皆呼萬歲。 潮推前鋒將為主，前鋒將曰：「吾屬今日不為魚肉，皆王君力也。 天以王君為主，誰敢先之！」 相推讓數四，卒奉潮為將軍。 緒歎曰：「此子在吾網中不能殺，豈非天哉！」 潮引兵將還光州，約其屬，所過秋豪無犯。 行及沙縣，泉州人張延魯等以刺史廖彥若貪暴，帥耆老奉牛酒遮道，請潮留為州將，潮乃引兵圍泉州。
When Wang Xu reached Zhangzhou, the road was hard and food was scarce. He ordered the army: "No one may bring the old or weak along—violators will be beheaded!" Only the Wang Chao brothers supported their mother Lady Dong over the rugged trail as they marched. Xu summoned them and rebuked them: "Every army has laws. There is no army without law. You broke my order and are not punished—that is lawlessness." The three brothers replied: "Every man has a mother. There is no man without a mother; how can you order men to abandon their mothers!" Xu flew into a rage and ordered their mother executed. The brothers said: "We serve our mother as we serve you, General. If you kill our mother, what need have you of her sons! Let us die before her." The officers and men all pleaded for them, and Xu relented. A diviner told Xu: "There is royal qi in this army." From then on, Xu killed every officer or soldier he saw who was braver or cleverer than he, or who had the bearing of a leader. Liu Xingquan was killed too. The men grew fearful and said: "Xingquan was a kinsman and the army's finest fighter, yet even he was not spared—what hope have the rest of us!" At Nan'an, Wang Chao spoke to the vanguard general: "We left our graves, abandoned our wives and children, and wandered as exiles to become bandits—is that what any of us wanted! We were driven to it by Xu. Now Xu is suspicious, cruel, and unjust. He kills at whim, and every man without protection in this army is being slaughtered. You look like a god, your riding and shooting are unmatched, and you lead the vanguard—I fear for your life!" The vanguard general seized Chao's hand in tears and asked what could be done. Chao laid a plan: several dozen strong men hid in the bamboo groves. When Xu arrived, they leapt out with drawn swords, seized him from his horse, bound his arms behind him, and paraded him through the camp. The army shouted "Long live! Chao urged the vanguard general to take command. The general replied: "Today we are not meat on the block—that is all Lord Wang's doing. Heaven has chosen Lord Wang—who would dare take precedence over him!" They argued back and forth several times, and in the end made Chao their general. Xu sighed: "This man was in my grasp and I could not kill him—is that not Heaven's doing!" Chao led his men back toward Guangzhou and pledged that they would not take so much as a blade of grass along the way. At Shaxian, Zhang Yanlu and other men of Quanzhou—fed up with the greedy, brutal prefect Liao Yanruo—led elders with oxen and wine to block the road and begged Chao to stay and lead the prefecture. Chao then marched to besiege Quanzhou.
50
九月，戊申，以陳敬瑄為三川及峽內諸州指揮、制置等使。
In the ninth month, on wushen day, Chen Jingxuan was appointed commissioner for the Three Gorges and all prefectures within the gorges.
51
蔡軍圍荊南，馬步使趙匡謀奉前節度使陳儒以出，留後張瑰覺之，殺匡及儒。
The Cai army besieged Jingnan. Zhao Kuang, commissioner of cavalry and infantry, plotted to restore the former governor Chen Ru and break out. Acting governor Zhang Gui discovered the plot and killed both Kuang and Ru.
52
冬，十月，癸丑，秦宗權敗朱全忠於八角。
In winter, the tenth month, on guichou day, Qin Zongquan defeated Zhu Quanzhong at Bajiao.
53
王重榮求救於李克用，克用方怨朝廷不罪朱全忠，選兵市馬，聚結諸胡，議攻汴州，報曰：「待吾先滅全忠，還掃鼠輩如秋葉耳！」 重榮曰：「待公自關東還，吾為虜矣。 不若先除君側之惡，退擒全忠易矣。」 時朱玫、李昌符亦陰附朱全忠，克用乃上言：「玫、昌符與全忠相表裡，欲共滅臣，臣不得不自救，已集蕃、漢兵十五萬，決以來年濟河，自謂北討二鎮； 不近京城，保無掠擾。 既誅二鎮，乃旋師滅全忠以雪仇恥。」 上遣使者諭釋，冠蓋相望。 朱玫欲朝廷討克用，數遣人潛入京城，燒積聚，或刺殺近侍，聲雲克用所為。 於是京師震恐，日有訛言。 令孜遣玫、昌符將本軍及神策鄜、延、靈、夏等軍各三萬人屯沙苑，以討王重榮。 重榮發兵拒之，告急於李克用，克用引兵赴之。 十一月，重榮遣兵攻同州，刺史郭璋出戰，敗死。 重榮與玫等相守月餘，克用兵至，與重榮俱壁沙苑，表請誅令孜及玫、昌符。 詔和解之，克用不聽。 十二月，癸酉，合戰，玫、昌符大敗，各走還本鎮，潰軍所過焚掠。 克用進逼京城，乙亥夜，令孜奉天子自開遠門出幸鳳翔。
Wang Chongrong appealed to Li Keyong for help. Keyong was still angry that the court had not punished Zhu Quanzhong. He was raising troops, buying horses, and rallying the frontier tribes for an attack on Bianzhou. He answered: "Wait until I destroy Quanzhong first. When I return, I will sweep vermin like you aside as easily as autumn leaves!" Chongrong replied: "By the time you return from the east, I will already be a prisoner. Better to remove the evil at the emperor's side first. Then Quanzhong will be easy to take. Meanwhile Zhu Mei and Li Changfu had also thrown in secretly with Zhu Quanzhong. Keyong memorialized the throne: "Mei and Changfu are Quanzhong's partners inside and out; together they mean to destroy me. I must save myself. I have already gathered 150,000 barbarian and Chinese troops and mean to cross the Yellow River next year on what I will call a northern campaign against the two commands; I will not come near the capital, and I pledge there will be no plunder or disorder. After I have eliminated the two commands, I will turn my army and destroy Quanzhong to settle the score." The emperor sent envoy after envoy to explain the court's position and mollify him; the road was crowded with official escorts. Zhu Mei wanted the court to move against Keyong. Again and again he sent agents into the capital to burn stores or murder palace attendants, then blamed it on Keyong. The capital was shaken with fear, and wild rumors circulated daily. Lingci sent Mei and Changfu with their own forces plus thirty thousand men apiece from the Shence and the Bin, Yan, Ling, and Xia commands to camp at Shayuan and attack Wang Chongrong. Chongrong marched out to meet them and begged Li Keyong for help. Keyong brought his army to join him. In the eleventh month, Chongrong attacked Tongzhou. Prefect Guo Zhang fought and was killed in defeat. Chongrong and Mei's forces faced off for over a month. When Keyong arrived, he and Chongrong fortified Shayuan together and memorialized the throne demanding the execution of Lingci, Mei, and Changfu. The emperor ordered a settlement; Keyong refused. In the twelfth month, on guiyou day, the armies clashed. Mei and Changfu were routed and each fled to his own command, while their fleeing soldiers burned and looted the countryside. Keyong advanced on the capital. On the night of yihai, Lingci fled with the emperor through Kaiyuan Gate toward Fengxiang."
54
初，黃巢焚長安宮室而去，諸道兵入城縱掠，焚府寺民居什六七，王徽累年補葺，僅完一二，至是復為亂兵焚掠，無孑遺矣。
When Huang Chao had first torched Chang'an's palaces and left, soldiers from every circuit had marched in and looted freely, destroying six or seven tenths of the government offices, temples, and homes. Wang Hui had spent years rebuilding; barely a tenth had been restored. Now disorderly troops burned and plundered again until nothing survived.
55
是歲，賜河中軍號護國。
That year the Hezhong garrison was given the name Huguo—Protecting the State.
56
僖宗惠聖恭定孝皇帝下之上光啟二年（ 丙午，公元八八六年）
[Accounts of] Emperor Xizong Huisheng Gongding Xiaoxiao, Part One — second year of Guangqi ( bingwu, corresponding to 886 CE)
57
春，正月，鎮海牙將張郁作亂，攻陷常州。
In spring, the first month, Zhang Yu, a garrison officer of Zhenhai, raised a rebellion and seized Changzhou.
58
李克用還軍河中，與王重榮同表請大駕還宮，因罪狀田令孜，請誅之。 上復以飛龍使楊復恭為樞密使。
Li Keyong withdrew to Hezhong and joined Wang Chongrong in a memorial begging the emperor to return to the capital, listing Tian Lingci's crimes and calling for his death. The emperor restored Yang Fugong, commissioner of the Flying Dragon Office, as commissioner of military affairs.
59
戊子，令孜請上幸興元，上不從。 是夜，令孜引兵入宮，劫上幸寶雞，黃門衛士從者才數百人，宰相朝臣皆不知。 翰林學士承旨杜讓能宿直禁中，聞之，步追乘輿，出城十餘里，得人所遺馬，無羈勒，解帶繫頸而乘之，獨追及上於寶雞。 明日，乃有太子少保孔緯等數人繼至。 讓能，審權之子； 緯，戣之孫也。 宗正奉太廟神主至鄠，遇盜，皆失之。 朝士追乘輿者至盩厔，為亂兵所掠，衣裝殆盡。 庚寅，上以孔緯為御史大夫，使還召百官，上留寶雞以待之。 時田令孜弄權，再致播遷，天下共忿疾之。 朱玫、李昌符亦恥為之用，且憚李克用、王重榮之強，更與之合。
On wuzi day, Lingci urged the emperor to go to Xingyuan; the emperor refused. That night Lingci marched into the palace with troops, abducted the emperor, and forced him toward Baoji. Only a few hundred eunuch guards followed—the chief ministers and court officials knew nothing of it. Du Rangneng, senior Hanlin academician, was on night duty in the palace. Hearing what had happened, he ran after the imperial carriage. More than ten li outside the walls he found an abandoned horse with no bridle; he tied his sash around its neck, mounted, and rode alone until he caught up with the emperor at Baoji. Not until the next day did a handful of officials, including Junior Tutor to the Heir Kong Wei, straggle in. Rangneng was Shen Quan's son; Wei was Mao's grandson. The director of the imperial clan, carrying the spirit tablets from the ancestral temple, reached Ezhou but was robbed by bandits and lost them all. Court officials chasing the imperial retinue reached Zhouzhi, where disorderly soldiers stripped them of nearly everything they had. On gengyin day the emperor named Kong Wei censor-in-chief and sent him back to summon the rest of the court. The emperor stayed at Baoji to wait. Tian Lingci was wielding power; he had twice driven the court into exile, and the empire seethed with resentment against him. Zhu Mei and Li Changfu were ashamed to serve him and feared the power of Li Keyong and Wang Chongrong—they switched sides again and joined Keyong and Chongrong.
60
蕭遘因邠寧奏事判官李松年至鳳翔，遣召朱玫亟迎車駕，癸巳，玫引步騎五千至鳳翔。 孔緯詣宰相，欲宣詔召之，蕭遘、裴澈以令孜在上側，不欲往，辭疾不見。 緯令台吏趣百官詣行在，皆辭以無袍笏，緯召三院御史，泣謂：「布衣親舊有急，猶當赴之。 豈有天子蒙塵，為人臣子，累召而不往者！」 御史請辦裝數日而行，緯拂衣起曰：「吾妻病垂死且不顧，諸君善自為謀，請從此辭！」 乃詣李昌符，請騎衛送至行在，昌符義之，贈裝錢，遣騎送之。
When Li Songnian, memorial affairs judge for Binning, arrived at Fengxiang, Xiao Xiong sent word urging Zhu Mei to hurry and welcome the emperor. On guisi day Mei marched in with five thousand foot and horse. Kong Wei went to the chief ministers to issue an edict summoning the officials back. Xiao Xiong and Pei Che, with Lingci at the emperor's elbow, would not go—they pleaded illness and refused to see him. Wei ordered censorate clerks to hurry the officials to the emperor's camp. All pleaded that they had no court dress or ceremonial tablets. Wei summoned the censors of all three bureaus and wept: "When a commoner's friend falls into trouble, one still goes to help. Yet when the Son of Heaven himself is driven into exile, can his ministers refuse call after call to attend him?" The censors asked for a few days to pack. Wei shook out his sleeves and stood. "My own wife lies dying and I have abandoned her. Look after yourselves—I am done with you!" He went to Li Changfu and asked for an escort to the emperor's camp. Changfu respected his loyalty, gave him travel funds, and sent horsemen to convey him there.
61
瑄寧、鳳翔兵追逼乘輿，敗神策指揮使楊晟於潘氏，鉦鼓之聲聞於行宮。 田令孜奉上發寶雞，留禁軍守石鼻為後拒。 置感義軍於興、鳳二州，以楊晟為節度使，守散關。
Troops from Binning and Fengxiang closed on the imperial retinue and defeated Shence commander Yang Sheng at Panshi—the clamor of drums and gongs echoed to the emperor's camp. Lingci hurried the emperor out of Baoji, leaving palace troops at Shibi to cover the rear. He created the Ganyi command across Xing and Feng prefectures and made Yang Sheng its military governor to hold Sanguan Pass.
62
時軍民雜糅，鋒鏑縱橫，以神策軍使王建、晉暉為清道斬斫使，建以長劍五百前驅奮擊，乘輿乃得前。 上以傳國寶授建使負之以從，登大散嶺。 李昌符焚閣道丈餘，將摧折，王建扶掖上自煙焰中躍過。 夜，宿板下，上枕建膝而寢，既覺，始進食，解御袍賜建曰：「以其有淚痕故也。」 車駕才入散關，朱玫已圍寶雞。 石鼻軍潰，玫長驅攻散關，不克。 嗣襄王熅，肅宗之玄孫也，有疾，從上不及，留遵塗驛，為玫所得，與俱還鳳翔。
Soldiers and civilians were tangled together; steel flashed on every side. The emperor named Shence officers Wang Jian and Jin Hui commissioners for clearing the road. Jian drove five hundred swordsmen at the van, hacking a path forward so the retinue could move. The emperor handed Wang Jian the imperial seal and bade him carry it at his side as they climbed Dasan Ridge. Li Changfu had burned a section of the cliff plank road; as it began to give way, Wang Jian braced the emperor and helped him leap through smoke and fire to the far side. That night they camped under the cliff road. The emperor slept with his head in Jian's lap. When he woke he ate at last, then took off his robe and gave it to Jian, saying: "It has my tears on it." The retinue had barely passed through Sanguan when Zhu Mei was already besieging Baoji. The garrison at Shibi broke. Mei drove hard for Sanguan Pass but failed to take it. Prince Yun of Xiang—a great-great-grandson of Emperor Suzong—was ill and could not keep up. He was left at Zuntu Post, captured by Mei, and carried back to Fengxiang.
63
庚戌，李克用還太原。
On gengxu day, Li Keyong withdrew to Taiyuan.
64
二月，王重榮、朱政、李昌符復上表請誅田令孜。
In the second month, Wang Chongrong, Zhu Mei, and Li Changfu again memorialized the throne demanding Tian Lingci's death.
65
以前東都留守鄭從讜為守太傅兼侍中。
Former Luoyang intendant Zheng Congdang was named guardian grand tutor and palace attendant.
66
朱玫、李昌符使山南西道節度使石君涉柵絕險要，燒郵驛，上由它道以進。 山谷崎嶇，邠軍迫其後，危殆者數四，僅得達山南。 三月，壬午，石君涉棄鎮逃歸朱玫。
Zhu Mei and Li Changfu ordered Shannan West governor Shi Junshe to block the mountain passes, burn the post stations, and force the emperor onto another road. The mountain paths were treacherous and Binning troops pressed from behind. Four times they nearly perished before barely reaching Shannan. In the third month, on renwu day, Shi Junshe abandoned his command and fled to Zhu Mei.
67
癸未，鳳翔百官蕭遘等罪狀田令孜及其黨韋昭度，請誅之。 初，昭度因供奉僧澈結宦官，得為相。 澈師知玄鄙澈所為，昭度每與同列詣知玄，皆拜之，知玄揖使詣澈啜茶。
On guiwei day the Fengxiang officials, led by Xiao Xiong, indicted Tian Lingci and his ally Wei Zhaodu and called for their execution. Zhaodu had earlier won the chancellorship by currying favor with the eunuchs through the tribute monk Che. Che's teacher Zhixuan scorned his disciple's conduct. Whenever Zhaodu and his fellow ministers visited Zhixuan they bowed low; Zhixuan bowed back and directed them to Che for tea.
68
山南西道監軍馮翊嚴遵美迎上於西縣，丙申，車駕至興元。
Yan Zunmei, supervisory commissioner of Shannan West, welcomed the emperor at Xixian. On bingshen day the retinue reached Xingyuan.
69
戊戌，以御史大夫孔緯、翰林學士承旨、兵部尚書杜讓能並為兵部侍郎、同平章事。
On wuxu day Kong Wei, censor-in-chief, and Du Rangneng, senior Hanlin academician and minister of war, were both made vice ministers of war and grand councilors.
70
保鑾都將李鋋等敗邠軍於鳳州。
Imperial guard generals Li Qian and others routed the Binning army at Fengzhou.
71
詔加王重榮應接糧料使，使調本道谷十五萬斛以濟國用。 重榮表稱令孜未誅，不奉詔。
The emperor named Wang Chongrong commissioner for grain supply and ordered him to levy 150,000 shi of grain from his circuit for the court's use. Chongrong replied that until Lingci was dead he would not comply.
72
以尚書左丞盧渥為戶部尚書，充山南西道留後。 以嚴遵美為內樞密使，遣王建帥部兵戍三泉，晉暉及神策使張造帥四都兵屯黑水，修棧道以通往來。 以建遙領壁州刺史。 將帥遙領州鎮自此始。
Lu Wo, left vice minister of the secretariat, was made minister of revenue and acting governor of Shannan West. Yan Zunmei was named inner commissioner of military affairs. Wang Jian was sent to garrison Sanquan; Jin Hui and Shence officer Zhang Zao camped at Heishui with the four capital armies and rebuilt the plank roads. Jian was given the distant title of prefect of Bizhou. Generals holding provincial commands from afar began with this.
73
陳敬瑄疑東川節度使高仁厚，欲去之。 遂州刺史鄭君立起兵攻陷漢州，進向成都。 敬瑄遣其將李順之逆戰，君立敗死。 敬瑄又發維、茂羌軍擊仁厚，殺之。
Chen Jingxuan grew suspicious of Dongchuan governor Gao Renhou and wanted him gone. Zheng Junli, prefect of Suizhou, raised troops, seized Hanzhou, and marched on Chengdu. Jingxuan sent his general Li Shunzhi to intercept him; Junli was defeated and killed. Jingxuan then sent Wei and Mao tribal forces against Renhou and killed him.
74
朱玫以田令孜在天子左右，終不可去，言於蕭遘曰：「主上播遷六年，中原將士冒矢石，百姓供饋餉，戰死餓死，什減七八，僅得復京城。 天下方喜車駕還宮，主上更以勤王之功為敕使之榮，委以大權，使墮綱紀，騷擾籓鎮，召亂生禍。 玫昨奉尊命來迎大駕，不蒙信察，反類脅君。 吾輩報國之心極矣，戰賊之力殫矣，安能垂頭弭耳，受制於閽寺之手哉！ 李氏孫尚多，相公盍改圖以利社稷乎？」 遘曰：「主上踐阼十餘年，無大過惡。 正以令孜專權肘腋，致坐不安席，上每言之，流涕不已。 近日上初無行意，令孜陳兵帳前，迫脅以行，不容俟旦。 罪皆在令孜，人誰不知！ 足下盡心王室，正有引兵還鎮，拜表迎鑾。 廢立重事，伊、霍所難，遘不敢聞命！」 玫出，宣言曰：「我立李氏一王，敢異議者斬！」
Zhu Mei, seeing that Tian Lingci still clung to the emperor's side and could not be dislodged, told Xiao Xiong: "For six years the sovereign has wandered in exile. Soldiers of the heartland have faced arrows and stone; the people have fed the armies. Seven or eight in ten have died in battle or of hunger—we barely won the capital back. The empire rejoiced to see the court return home, yet the emperor rewarded the eunuch's 'loyal service' with supreme power—letting him wreck discipline, harry the provinces, and bring chaos down on us all. Yesterday I came at your order to welcome the emperor, and instead of trust I was treated like a kidnapper. We have given everything to the throne; we have spent ourselves fighting rebels. How can we bow our heads and submit to eunuch masters? The Li clan still has heirs. Chancellor, why not change course for the realm's sake?" Xiong replied: "The emperor has reigned more than ten years without grave fault. It is Lingci's monopoly of power at his side that keeps him from resting easy—the emperor weeps whenever he speaks of it. Lately the emperor did not even wish to leave; Lingci lined troops before his tent and forced him out before daybreak. The blame is all Lingci's—everyone knows it! Serve the throne faithfully: march your troops home and memorial the emperor to return. Deposing and enthroning an emperor is grave business—even Yi Yin and Huo Guang shrank from it. I cannot obey you!" Mei left and declared: "I will set up a Li prince. Anyone who objects dies!"
75
夏，四月，壬子，玫逼鳳翔百官奉襄王熅權監軍國事，承製封拜指揮，仍遣大臣入蜀迎駕，盟百官於石鼻驛。 玫使蕭遘為冊文，遘辭以文思荒落； 乃使兵部侍郎判戶部鄭昌圖為之。 乙卯，熅受冊，玫自兼左、右神策十軍使，帥百官奉熅還京師； 以鄭昌圖同平章事、判度支、鹽鐵、戶部，各置副使，三司之事一以委焉。 河中百官崔安潛等上襄王箋，賀受冊。
In summer, the fourth month, on renzi day, Mei forced the Fengxiang officials to install Prince Yun of Xiang as regent, with authority to appoint and dismiss by edict. He sent ministers into Shu to welcome the emperor and bound the officials in oath at Shibi Post. Mei asked Xiao Xiong to draft the investiture edict; Xiong pleaded that his literary powers had failed him. Mei turned to Zheng Changtu, vice minister of war acting as minister of revenue, to write it instead. On yimao day Yun was invested. Mei made himself commissioner of the Left and Right Shence Ten Armies and led the officials escorting Yun back to the capital; Zheng Changtu was made grand councilor with charge of the treasury, salt and iron, and revenue, each with a deputy—all three fiscal offices were placed entirely in his hands. Cui Anqian and the other Hezhong officials sent Prince Yun a letter congratulating him on his investiture.
76
田令孜自知不為天下所容，乃薦樞密使使楊復恭為左神策中尉、觀軍容使，自除西川監軍使，往依陳敬瑄。 復恭斥令孜之黨，出王建為利州刺史，晉暉為集州刺史，張造為萬州刺史，李師泰為忠州刺史。
Knowing the empire would no longer tolerate him, Tian Lingci recommended Yang Fugong for commissioner of military affairs and left Shence commandant, stepped down as West Sichuan supervisory commissioner, and went to take refuge with Chen Jingxuan. Fugong purged Lingci's allies, posting Wang Jian to Lizhou, Jin Hui to Jizhou, Zhang Zao to Wanzhou, and Li Shitai to Zhongzhou.
77
五月，朱玫以中書侍郎、同平章事蕭遘為太子太保，自加侍中、諸道鹽鐵、轉運等使； 加裴澈判度支，鄭昌圖判戶部； 以淮南節度使高駢兼中書令，充江、淮鹽鐵、轉運等使、諸道行營兵馬都統； 淮南右都押牙、和州刺史呂用之為嶺南東道節度使； 大行封拜以悅籓鎮。 遣吏部侍郎夏侯潭宣諭河北，戶部侍郎楊陟宣諭江、淮，諸籓鎮受其命者什六七，高駢仍奉箋勸進。
In the fifth month Zhu Mei demoted Palace Attendant and Grand Councilor Xiao Xiong to junior tutor to the heir and gave himself the titles of palace attendant and commissioner for salt, iron, and transport on all circuits; Pei Che was given acting charge of the treasury bureau and Zheng Changtu of the revenue bureau; Huainan governor Gao Pian was made palace attendant, commissioner for Jiang-Huai salt, iron, and transport, and overall commander of circuit armies; Lu Yongzhi, Huainan's right capital guard deputy and prefect of Hezhou, was made governor of Lingnan East; Titles and posts were handed out lavishly to win over the provinces. Vice Minister of Personnel Xia Houtan was sent to announce the court's will in Hebei; Vice Minister of Revenue Yang Zhi to Jiang-Huai. Six or seven tenths of the provinces accepted the orders; Gao Pian still sent a letter urging Yun to take the throne.
78
呂用之建牙開幕，一與駢同； 凡駢之腹心，及將校能任事者，皆逼以從己，諸所施為，不復咨稟。 駢頗疑之，陰欲奪其權，而根蒂已固，無如之何。 用之知之，甚懼，訪於其黨前度支巡官鄭杞、前知廬州事董瑾，杞曰：「此固為晚矣！」 用之問策安出，杞曰：「曹孟德有言：『寧我負人，無人負我。』」 明日，與瑾共為書一緘授用之，其語秘，人莫有知者。
Lu Yongzhi set up headquarters and a full staff matching Pian's own; every trusted man and capable officer around Pian was forced into his service, and he stopped consulting Pian on anything he did. Pian grew deeply suspicious and wanted secretly to claw back his authority, but Yongzhi's grip was already too deep to break. Yongzhi found out and was terrified. He turned to his allies, former revenue inspector Zheng Qi and former Luzhou administrator Dong Jin. Qi said: "It is already too late! Yongzhi asked what plan Qi had in mind. Qi said: "Lord Cao once said: 'I would rather wrong others than let others wrong me. The next day he and Jin drafted a sealed letter and delivered it to Yongzhi; its contents were secret, and no one else knew what it said.'
79
蕭遘稱疾歸永樂。
Xiao Xiong pleaded illness and went home to Yongle.
80
初，鳳翔節度使李昌符與朱玫同謀立襄王，既而玫自為宰相專權，昌符怒，不受其官，更通表興元。 詔加昌符檢校司徒。 朱玫遣其將王行瑜將邠寧、河西兵五萬追乘輿，感義節度使楊晟戰數卻，棄散關走，行瑜進屯鳳州。
Earlier Fengxiang governor Li Changfu and Zhu Mei had plotted together to put Prince Yun on the throne. When Mei took the chancellorship for himself and seized sole power, Changfu refused his appointments in anger and sent memorials instead to the court at Xingyuan. An edict made Changfu honorary situ. Zhu Mei sent his general Wang Xingyu with fifty thousand Bing-Ning and Hexi troops to pursue the imperial carriage. Ganyi governor Yang Sheng fought several losing engagements, abandoned Sanguan Pass, and fled; Xingyu advanced and encamped at Fengzhou.
81
是時，諸道貢賦多之長安，不之興元，從官衛士皆乏食，上涕泣，不知為計。 杜讓能言於上曰：「楊復光與王重榮同破黃巢，復京城，相親善； 復恭其兄也。 若遣重臣往諭以大義，且致復恭之意，宜有回慮歸國之理。」 上從之，遣右諫議大夫劉崇望使於河中，繼詔諭重榮，重榮既聽命，遣使表獻絹十萬匹，且請討朱玫以自贖。
Most provincial tribute and tax receipts were going to Chang'an rather than Xingyuan. Attendants and imperial guards alike went hungry. The emperor wept, at a loss for what to do. Du Rangneng told the emperor: "Yang Fuguang and Wang Chongrong fought Huang Chao together and recovered the capital; they are on close terms; Fugong is his older brother. If we send a senior minister to explain the court's cause and convey Fugong's message as well, he may well reconsider and return to allegiance. The emperor agreed and sent Right Remonstrance Grandee Liu Chongwang to Hezhong, followed by an edict instructing Chongrong. Chongrong accepted, sent envoys offering one hundred thousand bolts of silk, and asked to campaign against Zhu Mei to atone for himself."
82
戊戌，襄王熅遣使至晉陽賜李克用詔，言：「上至半塗，六軍變擾，蒼黃晏駕，吾為籓鎮所推，今已受冊。」 朱玫亦與克用書，克用聞其謀皆出於玫，大怒。 大將蓋寓說克用曰：「鑾輿播遷，天下皆歸咎於我，今不誅玫，黜李熅，無以自湔洗。」 克用從之，燔詔書，囚使者，移檄鄰道，稱：「玫敢欺籓方，明言晏駕。 當道已發蕃、漢三萬兵進討凶逆，當共立大功。」 寓，蔚州人也。
On wuxu day Prince Yun sent envoys to Jinyang with an edict for Li Keyong, saying: "The emperor was partway through the journey when the armies mutinied; in the panic he died untimely. The provinces pushed me forward, and I have now taken investiture. Zhu Mei also wrote to Keyong. Learning the whole plot came from Mei, Keyong flew into a rage. Major general Gai Yu urged Keyong: "The emperor has been driven into exile and the world blames us. Unless we execute Mei and remove Li Yun, we can never clear our name. Keyong agreed. He burned the edict, imprisoned the envoys, and issued a proclamation to neighboring circuits: "Mei dares deceive the provinces by openly announcing the emperor's untimely death. This circuit has already dispatched thirty thousand foreign and Han troops against the traitors. Let us win glory together. Yu was from Weizhou."
83
秦賢寇宋汴，朱全忠敗之於尉氏南； 癸巳，遣都將郭言將步騎三萬擊蔡州。
Qin Xian raided Song and Bian. Zhu Quanzhong defeated him south of Weishi; On guisi day he sent commanding general Guo Yan with thirty thousand infantry and cavalry to attack Caizhou.
84
六月，以扈蹕都將楊守亮為金商節度、京畿制置使，將兵二萬出金州，與王重榮、李克用共討朱玫，守亮本姓訾，名亮，曹州人，與弟信皆為楊復光假子，更名守亮、守信。
In the sixth month Yang Shouliang, a commanding general of the imperial escort, was made governor of Jin-Shang and metropolitan commissioner for the capital region. He led twenty thousand men out of Jinzhou to join Wang Chongrong and Li Keyong against Zhu Mei. Shouliang, originally surnamed Zi with the given name Liang, was from Caozhou. He and his younger brother Xin were both adopted sons of Yang Fuguang and were renamed Shouliang and Shouxin.
85
李克用遣使奉表稱：「方發兵濟河，除逆黨，迎車駕，願詔諸道與臣協力。」 先是，山南之人皆言克用與朱玫合，人情忷懼； 表至，上出示從官，並諭山南諸鎮，由是帖然。 然克用表猶以朱全忠為言，上使楊復恭以書諭之云：「俟三輔事寧，別有進止。」
Li Keyong sent envoys with a memorial: "I am about to cross the river with troops to destroy the rebels and welcome the emperor back. I ask that the circuits be ordered to act with me. Earlier people in Shannan had said Keyong was allied with Zhu Mei, and fear spread; when the memorial arrived the emperor showed it to his attendants and announced it to the Shannan garrisons as well, and the alarm subsided. But Keyong's memorial still raised Zhu Quanzhong. The emperor had Yang Fugong write to him: "Wait until the Three Metropolises are pacified; further orders will follow."
86
衡州刺史周岳發兵攻潭州，欽化節度使閔勖招淮西將黃皓入城共守，皓遂殺勖。 岳攻拔州城，擒皓，殺之。
Hengzhou prefect Zhou Yue raised troops to attack Tanzhou. Qinhua governor Min Xu brought Huaixi general Huang Hao into the city to help defend it, and Hao then killed Xu. Yue stormed the city, captured Hao, and executed him.
87
鎮海節度使周寶遣牙將丁從實襲常州，逐張郁。 郁奔海陵，依鎮遏使南昌高霸。 霸，高駢將也，鎮海陵，有民五萬戶，兵三萬人。
Zhenhai governor Zhou Bao sent staff general Ding Congshi to raid Changzhou and drive out Zhang Yu. Yu fled to Hailing and took refuge with suppression commissioner Gao Ba of Nanchang. Ba was one of Gao Pian's generals. He held Hailing with fifty thousand households and thirty thousand troops.
88
秋，七月，秦宗權陷許州，殺節度使鹿晏弘。
In the seventh month of autumn Qin Zongquan took Xuzhou and killed governor Lu Yanhong.
89
王行瑜進攻興州，感義節度使楊晟棄鎮走，據文州，詔保鑾都將李鋋、扈蹕都將李茂貞、陳佩屯大唐峰以拒之。 茂貞，博野人，本姓宋，名文通，以功賜姓名。
Wang Xingyu advanced on Xingzhou. Ganyi governor Yang Sheng abandoned his post, fled, and seized Wenzhan; an edict ordered Imperial Guard commander Li Qian, Imperial Escort commander Li Maozhen, and Chen Pei to encamp at Datang Peak to block him. Maozhen was from Boye; his original surname was Song and given name Wentong; for merit he was granted the name Maozhen.
90
要命欽化軍曰武安，以衡州刺史周岳為節度使。
An edict renamed the Qinhua army Wu'an and made Hengzhou prefect Zhou Yue its military governor.
91
八月，盧龍節度使李全忠薨，以其子匡威為留後。
In the eighth month Lulong governor Li Quanzhong died; his son Kuangwei was made acting governor.
92
王潮拔泉州，殺廖彥若。 潮聞福建觀察陳巖威名，不敢犯福州境，遣使降之，巖表潮為泉州刺史。 潮沈勇有智略，既得泉州，招懷離散，均賦繕兵，吏民悅服。 幽王緒於別館，緒慚，自殺。
Wang Chao took Quanzhou and killed Liao Yanruo. Hearing of Fujian observer Chen Yan's reputation, Chao did not dare cross into Fuzhou. He sent envoys to submit, and Yan memorialized to make him prefect of Quanzhou. Deep, brave, and shrewd, Chao once he held Quanzhou gathered in the scattered population, equalized taxes, repaired arms, and won over officials and people alike. He kept You Prince Xu at a separate lodge; ashamed, Xu killed himself.
93
九月，朱玫將張行實攻大唐峰，李鋋等擊卻之。 金吾將軍滿存與邠軍戰，破之，復取興州，進守萬仞寨。
In the ninth month Zhu Mei's general Zhang Xingshi attacked Datang Peak; Li Qian and the others beat him back. Gold Crow general Man Cun fought the Bing army, defeated it, recovered Xingzhou, and advanced to hold Wanyren Fort.
94
李克修攻孟方立，甲午，擒其將呂臻於焦岡，拔故鎮、武安、臨洺、邯鄲、沙河，以大將安金俊為邢州刺史。
Li Kexiu attacked Meng Fangli. On jiawu day he captured Fangli's general Lu Zhen at Jiaogang, took Gu Town, Wu'an, Linming, Handan, and Shahe, and made major general An Jinjun prefect of Xingzhou.
95
長安百官太子太師裴璩等勸進於襄王熅。 冬，十月，熅即皇帝位，改元建貞，遙尊上為太上元皇帝。
Chang'an officials led by junior tutor to the heir Pei Su urged Prince Yun to take the throne. In the tenth month of winter Yun took the throne, changed the era name to Jianzhen, and honored the emperor from afar as Supreme Primordial Emperor.
96
董昌謂錢鏐曰：「汝能取越州，吾以杭州授汝。」 鏐曰：「然，不取終為後患。」 遂將兵自諸暨趨平水，鑿山開道五百里，出曹娥埭，浙東將鮑君福帥眾降之。 鏐與浙東軍戰，屢破之，進屯豐山。
Dong Chang told Qian Liu: "If you can take Yuezhou, I will give you Hangzhou. Liu replied: "Agreed. If we leave it untaken, it will trouble us later. He then led troops from Zhuji toward Pingshui, cut a road five hundred li through the mountains, emerged at Cao'e Embankment, and Zhedong general Bao Junfu submitted with his forces. Liu fought the Zhedong army, defeated it repeatedly, and advanced to encamp at Feng Mountain.
97
感化牙將張雄、馮弘鐸得罪於節度使時溥，聚眾三百，走渡江，襲蘇州，據之。 雄自稱刺史，稍聚兵至五萬，戰艦千餘，自號天成軍。
Ganhu staff generals Zhang Xiong and Feng Hongduo offended governor Shi Pu, gathered three hundred men, fled across the river, raided Suzhou, and seized it. Xiong styled himself prefect, gradually built his force to fifty thousand men and more than a thousand warships, and called his army the Tiancheng Army.
98
河陽節度使諸葛爽薨，大將劉經、張全義立爽子仲方為留後。 全義，臨濮人也。
Heyang governor Zhuge Shuang died; major generals Liu Jing and Zhang Quanyi installed Shuang's son Zhongfang as acting governor. Quanyi was from Linpu.
99
李克修攻邢州，不克而還。
Li Kexiu attacked Xingzhou, failed to take it, and withdrew.
100
十一月，丙戌，錢鏐克越州，劉漢宏奔台州。
In the eleventh month, on bingxu day, Qian Liu captured Yuezhou; Liu Hanhong fled to Taizhou.
101
義成節度使安師儒委政於兩廂都虞候夏侯晏、杜標，二人驕恣，軍中忿之。 小校張驍潛出，聚眾二千攻州城，師儒斬晏、標首諭之，軍中稍息。 天平節度使朱瑄謀取滑州，遣濮州刺史朱裕將兵誘張驍，殺之。 朱全忠先遣其將朱珍、李唐賓襲滑州，入境，遇大雪。 珍等一夕馳至壁下，百梯並升，遂克之。 虜師儒以歸。 全忠以牙將江陵胡真知義成留後。
Yicheng governor An Shiru left government to his two wing chief military adjutants Xia Houyan and Du Biao. The two grew arrogant and willful, and the army resented them. Junior officer Zhang Xiao slipped out, gathered two thousand men, and attacked the city. Shiru beheaded Yan and Biao and displayed their heads to the troops, and the unrest gradually subsided. Tianping governor Zhu Xuan plotted to take Huazhou and sent Pu prefect Zhu Yu with troops to lure Zhang Xiao and kill him. Zhu Quanzhong first sent his generals Zhu Zhen and Li Tangbin to raid Huazhou. They entered the territory and ran into heavy snow. Zhen and the others rode through the night to the foot of the wall; a hundred ladders went up at once, and they took the city. They captured Shiru and took him away. Quanzhong made Jiangling staff general Hu Zhen acting governor of Yicheng.
102
田令孜至成都請尋醫，許之。
Tian Lingci reached Chengdu and asked leave to seek medical treatment; the request was granted.
103
十二月，戊寅，諸軍拔鳳州，以滿存為鳳州防禦使。
In the twelfth month, on wuyin day, the allied armies took Fengzhou, and Man Cun was made defense commissioner of Fengzhou.
104
楊復恭傳檄關中，稱「得朱玫首者，以靜難節度使賞之。」 王行瑜戰數敗，恐獲罪於玫，與其下謀曰：「今無功，歸亦死； 曷若與汝曹斬玫首，定京城，迎大駕，取邠寧節鉞乎？」 眾從之。 甲寅，行瑜自鳳州擅兵引歸京師，玫方視事，聞之，怒，召行諭，責之曰：「汝擅歸，欲反邪？」 行瑜曰：「吾不反，欲誅反者朱玫耳！」 遂擒斬之，並殺其黨數百人。 諸軍大亂，焚掠京城，士民無衣凍死者蔽地。 裴澈、鄭昌圖帥百官二百餘人奉襄王奔河中，王重榮詐為迎奉，執熅，殺之，囚澈、昌圖； 百官死者殆半。
Yang Fugong circulated a proclamation in Guanzhong: "Whoever brings in Zhu Mei's head will receive the post of Jingnan military governor. Wang Xingyu had lost battle after battle and feared punishment from Mei. He consulted his men: "With nothing accomplished, we die even if we go back; why not cut off Mei's head, pacify the capital, welcome the emperor back, and win the Bing-Ning command? The men agreed. On jiayin day Xingyu marched his troops without authorization from Fengzhou back to the capital. Mei was at his desk when he heard of it, flew into a rage, summoned Xingyu, and rebuked him: "You returned without leave—do you mean to rebel? Xingyu said: "I am not rebelling—I mean to execute the rebel Zhu Mei! He then seized Mei and beheaded him, and killed several hundred of his followers as well. The armies fell into chaos, burned and plundered the capital, and the ground was covered with commoners who had no clothes and froze to death. Pei Che and Zheng Changtu led more than two hundred officials escorting Prince Yun in flight to Hezhong. Wang Chongrong feigned a welcome, seized Yun, killed him, and imprisoned Che and Changtu; nearly half the officials died."
105
台州刺史杜雄誘劉漢宏，執送董昌，斬之。 昌徙鎮越州，自稱知浙東軍府事，以錢鏐知杭州事。
Taizhou prefect Du Xiong lured Liu Hanhong, seized him, sent him to Dong Chang, and had him executed. Chang moved his headquarters to Yuezhou, styled himself administrator of the Zhedong military prefecture, and made Qian Liu administrator of Hangzhou affairs.
106
王重榮函襄王熅首送行在，刑部請御興元城南門獻馘，百官畢賀。 太常博士殷盈孫議，以為：「熅為賊臣所逼，正以不能死節罪耳。 禮，公族罪在大辟，君為之素服不舉。 今熅已就誅，宜廢為庶人，令所在葬其首。 其獻馘稱賀之禮，請俟朱玫首至而行之。」 從之。 盈孫，侑之孫也。
Wang Chongrong sent Prince Yun's head in a box to the temporary court. The Ministry of Punishments asked that the head be presented as a trophy before the emperor at Xingyuan's south gate and that all officials congratulate. Court of Imperial Sacrifices academician Yin Yingsun argued: "Yun was forced by traitorous ministers; his only fault was failing to die for principle. By ritual, when a member of the imperial clan is guilty of a capital crime, the ruler wears plain mourning and suspends music. Now that Yun has been executed, he should be degraded to commoner status and his head buried wherever it lies. The rites of presenting trophies and offering congratulations should wait until Zhu Mei's head arrives. The court agreed. Yingsun was a grandson of You."
107
河陽大將劉經，畏李罕之難制，自引兵鎮洛陽，襲罕之於澠池，為罕之所敗，經棄洛陽走，罕之追殺殆盡。 罕之軍於鞏，將渡河，經遣張全義將兵拒之。 時諸葛仲方幼弱，政在劉經，諸將多不附。 全義遂與罕之合兵攻河陽，為經所敗，罕之、全義走保懷州。
Heyang major general Liu Jing, fearing Li Hanzhi would be hard to control, led troops to hold Luoyang and raided Hanzhi at Mianchi. Hanzhi defeated him; Jing abandoned Luoyang and fled, and Hanzhi pursued and killed nearly all his men. Hanzhi encamped at Gong and prepared to cross the river. Jing sent Zhang Quanyi with troops to block him. Zhuge Zhongfang was still young; power lay with Liu Jing, and most generals would not follow him. Quanyi then joined Hanzhi to attack Heyang, was defeated by Jing, and Hanzhi and Quanyi fled to hold Huaizhou.
108
初，忠武決勝指揮使孫儒與龍驤指揮使朗山劉建鋒戍蔡州，拒黃巢，扶溝馬殷隸軍中，以材勇聞。 及秦宗權叛，儒等皆屬焉。 宗權遣儒將兵攻陷鄭州，刺史李璠奔大梁。 儒進陷河陽，留後諸葛仲方奔大梁。 儒自稱節度使，張全義據懷州，李罕之據澤州以拒之。 初，長安人張佶為宣州幕僚，惡觀察使秦彥之為人，棄官去，過蔡州，宗權留以為行軍司馬。 佶謂劉建鋒曰：「秦公剛鷙而猜忌，亡無日矣，吾屬何以自免！」 建鋒方自危，遂與佶善。
Earlier Zhongwu Decisive Victory commander Sun Ru and Dragon Courage commander Liu Jianfeng of Langshan garrisoned Caizhou against Huang Chao. Fugou's Ma Yin served in the army and was known for talent and bravery. When Qin Zongquan rebelled, Ru and the others all joined him. Zongquan sent Ru to attack and capture Zhengzhou; prefect Li Fan fled to Daliang. Ru advanced and took Heyang; acting governor Zhuge Zhongfang fled to Daliang. Ru styled himself military governor. Zhang Quanyi held Huaizhou and Li Hanzhi held Zezhou to resist him. Earlier Chang'an native Zhang Ji had been on the staff in Xuanzhou. Disliking observer Qin Yan's character, he quit his post. Passing through Caizhou, Zongquan kept him as campaign marshal. Ji told Liu Jianfeng: "Lord Qin is harsh, fierce, and suspicious; he will fall any day. How are we to save ourselves? Jianfeng was already in peril and therefore became close with Ji.
109
壽州刺史張翱遣其將魏虔將萬人寇廬州，廬州刺史楊行愍遣其將田頵、李神福、張訓拒之，敗虔於褚城。 滁州刺史許勍襲舒州，刺史陶雅奔廬州。 高駢命行愍更名行密。
Shouzhou prefect Zhang Ao sent his general Wei Qian with ten thousand men to raid Luzhou. Luzhou prefect Yang Xingmin sent his generals Tian Jun, Li Shenfu, and Zhang Xun to resist and defeated Qian at Zhucheng. Chuzhou prefect Xu Qing raided Shuzhou; prefect Tao Ya fled to Luzhou. Gao Pian ordered Xingmin to change his name to Xingmi.
110
是歲，天平牙將朱瑾逐泰寧節度使齊克讓，自稱留後。 瑾將襲袞州，求婚於克讓，乃自鄆盛飾車服，私藏兵甲以赴之。 親迎之夕，甲士竊發，逐克讓而代之。 朝廷因以瑾為泰寧節度使。
That year Tianping staff general Zhu Jin drove out Taining governor Qi Kerang and styled himself acting governor. Jin planned to raid Yanzhou. He sought Kerang's daughter in marriage, then from Yan set out in grand chariots and robes with arms and armor hidden beneath. On the wedding night armored men sprang up, drove out Kerang, and replaced him. The court thereupon confirmed Jin as military governor of Taining.
111
安陸賊帥周通攻鄂州，路審中亡去。 岳州刺史杜洪乘虛入鄂，自稱武昌留後，朝廷因以授之。 湘陰賊帥鄧進思復乘虛陷岳州。
Zhou Tong, a rebel leader from Anlu, attacked Ezhou; Lu Shenzhong fled. Du Hong, prefect of Yuezhou, slipped into Ezhou while it was undefended, styled himself acting governor of Wuchang, and the court confirmed the appointment. Deng Jinshi, a rebel leader from Xiangyin, again seized the moment and captured Yuezhou.
112
秦宗言圍荊南二年，張瑰嬰城自守，城中米斗直錢四十緡，食甲鼓皆盡，擊門扉以警夜，死者相枕。 宗言竟不能克而去。
Qin Zongyan besieged Jingnan for two years. Zhang Gui barricaded himself inside the walls. Rice in the city sold for forty strings of cash per dou; food, armor, and drums were all used up; at night they beat door panels in lieu of watch drums; corpses lay stacked one upon another. In the end Zongyan failed to take the city and withdrew.
113
僖宗惠聖恭定孝皇帝下之上光啟三年（ 丁未，公元八八七年）
Below [the account of] Emperor Xizong, Huisheng Gongding Xiaoxiao, Part One—Guangqi year 3 ( Dingwei, equivalent to 887 CE)
114
春，正月，以邠州都將王行瑜為靜難軍節度使，扈蹕都頭李茂貞領武定節度使，扈蹕都頭楊守宗為金商節度使，右衛大將軍顧彥朗為東川節度使，金商節度使楊守亮為山南西道節度使。 彥朗，豐縣人也。
In spring, the first month, Wang Xingyu, garrison commander of Binzhou, was appointed military governor of Jingnan; Li Maozhen, head of the imperial escort, was put in charge of Wuding; Yang Shouzong, also of the escort guard, was made governor of Jin and Shang; Gu Yanslang, great general of the Right Guard, was made governor of Dongchuan; and Yang Shouliang, governor of Jin-Shang, was transferred to Shannan West Circuit. Yanslang was from Feng County.
115
辛巳，以董昌為浙東觀察使，錢鏐為杭州刺史。
On xinsi day, Dong Chang was appointed observation commissioner of Zhedong and Qian Liu prefect of Hangzhou.
116
秦宗權自以兵力十倍於朱全忠，而數為全忠所敗，恥之，欲悉力以攻汴州。 全忠患兵少，二月，以諸軍都指揮使朱珍為淄州刺史，募兵於東道，期以初夏而還。
Qin Zongquan believed his army outnumbered Zhu Quanzhong's tenfold, yet Quanzhong had beaten him again and again. Stung by the shame, he resolved to throw his full strength against Bianzhou. Quanzhong worried that his forces were too thin. In the second month he made Zhu Zhen, overall commander of all armies, prefect of Zibo and sent him to recruit troops in the eastern circuits, with orders to return by early summer.
117
戊辰，削奪三川都監田令孜官爵，長流端州。 然令孜依陳敬瑄，竟不行。
On wuchen day the court stripped Tian Lingzi, overseer of the Three Circuits, of rank and title and banished him to distant Duanzhou. But Lingzi had Chen Jingxuan's protection, and in the end the exile was never enforced.
118
代北節度使李國昌薨。
Li Guochang, military governor of Daibei, died.
119
三月，癸未，詔偽宰相蕭遘、鄭昌圖、裴澈，於所在集眾斬之，皆死於岐山。 時朝士受熅官者甚眾，法司皆處以極法。 杜讓能力爭之，免者什七八。
In the third month, on guiwei day, the court decreed that the renegade chancellors Xiao Kui, Zheng Changtu, and Pei Che were to be executed before assembled crowds wherever caught; all three died at Qishan. Many court officials had accepted posts from Huang Chao's regime; the judicial authorities were recommending the death penalty for all of them. Du Rangneng argued forcefully on their behalf; seven or eight out of ten were spared.
120
壬辰，車駕至鳳翔，節度使李昌符，恐車駕還京雖不治前過，恩賞必疏，乃以宮室未完，固請駐驊府捨，從之。
On renchen day the emperor reached Fengxiang. Li Changfu, military governor there, feared that even if the court returned to Chang'an his old misconduct would be overlooked while fresh rewards passed him by. He pleaded that the palace buildings were still incomplete and insisted the emperor stay at the Huafu lodge; the court agreed.
121
太傅兼侍中鄭從讜罷為太子太保。
Zheng Congdang was demoted from Grand Preceptor and Palace Secretary to Crown Prince Grand Guardian.
122
鎮海節度使周寶募親軍千人，號後樓兵，稟給倍於鎮海軍，鎮海軍皆怨，而後樓兵浸驕不可制。 寶溺於聲色，不親政事，築羅城二十餘里，建東第，人苦其役。 寶與僚屬宴後樓，有言鎮海軍怨望者，寶曰：「亂則殺之！」 度支催勤使薛朗以其言告所善鎮海軍將劉浩，戒之使戢士卒，浩曰：「惟反可以免死耳！」 是夕，寶醉，方寢，浩帥其黨作亂，攻府捨而焚之。 寶驚起，徒跣叩芙蓉門呼後樓兵，後樓兵亦反矣。 寶帥家人步走出青陽門，遂奔常州，依刺史丁從實。 浩殺諸僚佐，癸巳，迎薛朗入府，推為留後。 寶先兼租庸副使，城中貨財山積，是日，盡於亂兵之手。 高駢聞寶敗，列牙受賀，遣使饋以齏粉。 寶怒，擲之地曰：「汝有呂用之在，他日未可知也！」 揚州連歲饑，城中餒死者日數千人，坊巷為之寥落，妖異數見，駢悉以為周寶當之。
Zhou Bao, military governor of Zhenhai, recruited a thousand personal guards, called the Rear Pavilion Army, and paid them double what the regular Zhenhai troops received. The Zhenhai Army seethed with resentment, while the Rear Pavilion guards grew ever more arrogant and unruly. Bao drowned himself in pleasure and neglected affairs of state. He built more than twenty li of outer walls and an eastern mansion; the people groaned under the forced labor. While feasting with his officials in the rear pavilion, Bao heard that the Zhenhai Army was muttering in discontent. He said: "If they rise up, kill them!" Xue Lang, corvée mobilization envoy of the revenue bureau, repeated this to his friend Liu Hao, a Zhenhai Army general, and urged him to keep the troops in check. Hao said: "Rebellion is the only way to escape death!" That night Bao was drunk and asleep when Hao led his men in revolt, stormed the headquarters, and burned it down. Bao bolted awake and ran barefoot to Furong Gate to summon the Rear Pavilion guards—they had turned against him too. Bao fled on foot with his family through Qingyang Gate, made for Changzhou, and threw himself on the mercy of Prefect Ding Congshi. Hao slaughtered Bao's staff. On guisi day he brought Xue Lang into headquarters and installed him as acting governor. Bao had also served as deputy commissioner for land tax and corvée; the city's wealth had been piled high—on that day the mutineers seized it all. When Gao Pian heard of Bao's defeat, he held a ceremonial review to celebrate and sent envoys bearing gifts of pickled vegetables and flour—a gibe at Bao's ruin. Bao flung the gifts to the ground in a rage and said: "As long as you keep Lu Yongzhi at your side, your own day may yet come!" Yangzhou had famine year after year; thousands starved to death in the city each day; streets emptied; omens multiplied—and Pian blamed every one of them on Zhou Bao.
123
山南西道節度使楊守亮忌利州刺史王建驍勇，屢召之。 建懼，不往。 前龍州司倉周庠說建曰：「唐祚將終，籓鎮互相吞噬，皆無雄才遠略，不能戡濟多難。 公勇而有謀，得士卒心，立大功者非公而誰！ 然葭萌四戰之地，難以久安。 閬州地僻人富，楊茂實，陳、田之腹心，不修職貢，若表其罪，興兵討之，可一戰而擒也。」 建從之，召募溪洞酋豪，有眾八千，沿嘉陵江而下，襲閬州，逐其刺史楊茂實而據之，自稱防禦使，招納亡命，軍勢益盛，守亮不能制。 部將張虔裕說建曰：「公乘天子微弱，專據方州，若唐室復興，公無種矣。 宜遣使奉表天子，杖大義以行師，蔑不濟矣。」 部將綦毋諫復說建養士愛民，以觀天下之變，建皆從之。 庠、虔裕、諫，皆許州人也。 初，建與東川節度使顧彥朗俱在神策軍，同討賊。 建既據閬州，彥朗畏其侵暴，數遣使問遺，饋以軍食，建由是不犯東川。
Yang Shouliang, governor of Shannan West Circuit, envied Wang Jian, prefect of Lizhou, for his fighting prowess and summoned him again and again. Jian was afraid and refused to go. Zhou Xiang, a former revenue clerk from Longzhou, advised Jian: "The Tang dynasty is dying. The regional garrisons are tearing one another apart, and none of their leaders has the vision or ability to end the chaos. You are brave and shrewd, and your men follow you willingly. If anyone can win great glory, it is you! Yet Jimeng lies at a crossroads of contending armies; you cannot hold it for long. Langzhou is remote and rich. Its prefect Yang Maoshi is a creature of Chen Jingxuan and Tian Lingzi and pays no tribute to the court. Denounce his crimes and march against him—you can take him in one battle." Jian took the advice. He rallied eight thousand men from the hill chiefs of the stream valleys, descended the Jialing River, and struck Langzhou. He drove out Prefect Yang Maoshi, seized the prefecture, and styled himself defense commissioner. Outlaws flocked to him; his army swelled; Shouliang could not stop him. Zhang Qianyu, one of Jian's generals, warned him: "You are exploiting the emperor's weakness to hold a province by force. If the Tang court ever revives, you and your kin will be exterminated. Send envoys to pay homage to the emperor and march under the banner of the dynasty's cause—then nothing can stand against you." General Qiwu Jian also urged Jian to treat his troops well and care for the people while watching how the world turned. Jian took all their advice. Xiang, Qianyu, and Jian were all from Xuzhou. Earlier, Jian and Gu Yanslang, military governor of Dongchuan, had both served in the Shence Army and fought the rebels together. Once Jian seized Langzhou, Yanslang feared he would strike eastward and sent envoys again and again with gifts and grain for his army. Jian did not molest Dongchuan.
124
初，周寶聞淮南六合鎮遏使徐約兵精，誘之使擊蘇州。
Earlier, Zhou Bao had heard that Xu Yue, suppressor-commissioner of Liuhe in Huainan, commanded elite troops, and he incited Xu to attack Suzhou.