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百官公卿表

Table of Officials and Ministers

Chapter 19 of 漢書 · Book of Han
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1
The Changes recounts how Fuxi, Shennong, and the Yellow Emperor instituted teachings to civilize the people. Tradition records that Fuxi named his officials after dragons, Shennong after fire, the Yellow Emperor after clouds, and Shaohao after birds. From Zhuanxu onward, officials served as teachers of the people and were charged with the people's affairs. There were the offices of Chongli, Goumang, Zhurong, Houtu, Rushou, and Xuanming — but all this belongs to remote antiquity. The Documents records that in the age of Yao and Shun, the four sons of Xi and He were charged with observing the heavens and conveying the seasons to the people; the Four Peaks were consulted to elevate men of worth and talent from among the humble and obscure; the Twelve Shepherds brought gentleness to the distant and harmony to those near at hand; Yu served as Minister of Works, taming the waters and ordering the soil; Qi served as Lord Millet, sowing the hundred grains; Xie served as Minister of Education, spreading the five moral teachings; Gao Yao served as Minister of Justice, administering the five punishments; Chui served as Minister of Public Works, improving tools and implements; Yi served as Superintendent of Forests, nurturing plants, trees, birds, and beasts; Bo Yi served as Director of Ritual, overseeing the three categories of rites; Kui oversaw music, harmonizing the spirits and humankind; Long served as Receiver of Words, conveying the emperor's commands in and out. Of the Xia and Yin offices, nothing survives on record. But the offices of the Zhou were comprehensive. The Heavenly Office of the Grand Steward, the Earthly Office of the Minister of Education, the Spring Office of the Grand Priest, the Summer Office of the Minister of War, the Autumn Office of the Minister of Justice, and the Winter Office of the Minister of Works — these were the Six Ministers. Each had subordinates, assigned duties, and specific functions, employed across all affairs. The Grand Tutor, Grand Mentor, and Grand Protector made up the Three Dukes. They participated in government alongside the Son of Heaven, sitting in council to deliberate on affairs of state, with authority over all matters. For this reason, their titles were not derived from any single function. Three Junior posts were established as their deputies: the Junior Tutor, Junior Mentor, and Junior Protector — known as the Solitary Ministers. Together with the Six Ministers, they made nine. The Record states that the Three Dukes held no fixed office — the position was filled only when the right person appeared. Such was the case with Shun under Yao, yiyin day under Tang, and the Dukes of Zhou and Shao under the Zhou. An alternative tradition holds that the Minister of War governed heaven, the Minister of Education governed the people, and the Minister of Works governed the earth — and these constituted the Three Dukes. The 'Four Peaks' refers to the feudal lords of the four quarters. When the Zhou declined, the offices were lost and the hundred functions fell into disarray. The Warring States competed against one another, each altering the system in its own way. When Qin unified the realm, it established the title of Emperor and created the offices of the hundred officials. The Han followed the Qin system without reforming it, valuing clarity and simplicity, adapting to the circumstances of the time. Afterward, considerable changes were made. Wang Mang usurped the throne and sought to restore the ancient offices, but officials and people were unsettled. Tyrannical policies abounded, and he perished in the resulting chaos. And so I have briefly tabulated the major divisions, connecting past and present, in the spirit of 'reviewing the old to understand the new.'
2
The Chancellor of State and the Grand Chancellor were both Qin offices, bearing gold seals with purple ribbons. They were charged with assisting the Son of Heaven in managing all affairs of state. Under Qin there were both Left and Right Chancellors. When Emperor Gao ascended the throne, he appointed a single Grand Chancellor. In the eleventh year, the title was changed to Chancellor of State, with a green ribbon. Under Emperor Hui and Empress Dowager Gao, Left and Right Grand Chancellors were appointed. In the second year of Emperor Wen, the system returned to a single Grand Chancellor. The office had two Chief Clerks, each ranked at one thousand shi. In the second year of Yuanshou under Emperor Ai, the title was changed to Grand Minister of Education In the fifth year of Yuanshou under Emperor Wu, the Chancellor's Rectifier was first established at a rank equivalent to two thousand shi, charged with assisting the Grand Chancellor in exposing illegality.
3
祿
The Grand Commandant was a Qin office, bearing a gold seal with purple ribbon, in charge of military affairs. In the second year of Jianyuan under Emperor Wu, the office was abolished. In the fourth year of Yuanshou, the title Grand Marshal was first established as a prefix to the General's title. In Dijie 3 under Emperor Xuan, a Grand Marshal was appointed without the General prefix and without seal, ribbon, or subordinate staff. In Suihe 1 under Emperor Cheng, the Grand Marshal was granted a gold seal with purple ribbon, given subordinate staff, a salary matching the Grand Chancellor's, and the General title was dropped. In Jianping 2 under Emperor Ai, the Grand Marshal's seal, ribbon, and staff were again removed, and the General prefix was restored as before. In the second year of Yuanshou, the Grand Marshal was again granted seal and ribbon, given subordinate staff, the General title dropped, and his rank placed above the Minister of Education. The office had a Chief Clerk ranked at one thousand shi.
4
殿 祿
The Grandee Secretary was a Qin office ranked among the senior ministers, bearing a silver seal with blue-green ribbon, serving as deputy to the Grand Chancellor. The office had two Deputies, each ranked at one thousand shi. One was called the Palace Deputy, stationed at the Orchid Terrace within the palace. He oversaw maps, registers, and secret documents. Externally, he supervised the Regional Inspectors; internally, he commanded the fifteen Attendant Censors, received memorials from the ministers, and conducted impeachments and investigations. In Suihe 1 under Emperor Cheng, the title was changed to Grand Minister of Works. He received a gold seal with purple ribbon and a salary matching the Grand Chancellor's. A Chief Clerk replaced the Palace Deputy, but the official functions remained unchanged. In Jianping 2 under Emperor Ai, the title reverted to Grandee Secretary. In the second year of Yuanshou, it was changed back to Grand Minister of Works, and the Palace Deputy was renamed Chief Clerk of the Censorate. Among the Attendant Censors was the Embroidered Garment Direct Appointee, sent out to suppress treachery and manage major cases. This was a creation of Emperor Wu and not a permanent position.
5
The Grand Mentor was an ancient office first established in the first year of Empress Dowager Gao's reign, with a gold seal and purple ribbon. It was later abolished, then reestablished in the eighth year. It was abolished again, then reestablished in the second year of Yuanshou under Emperor Ai. It ranked above the Three Dukes.
6
The Grand Tutor and Grand Protector were both ancient offices first established in Yuanshi 1 under Emperor Ping, with gold seals and purple ribbons. The Grand Tutor ranked above the Grand Mentor, and the Grand Protector ranked just below.
7
The Generals of the Van, Rear, Left, and Right were all late Zhou offices continued by the Qin. They ranked among the senior ministers, bearing gold seals with purple ribbons. The Han did not maintain them permanently — sometimes Front and Rear were appointed, sometimes Left and Right. All oversaw military affairs and relations with the four barbarian peoples. The office had a Chief Clerk ranked at one thousand shi.
8
The Director of Ceremonies was a Qin office in charge of ancestral temple rites and ceremonies, with a Deputy. In the sixth middle year of Emperor Jing's reign, the title was changed to Grand Master of Ceremonies. Its subordinate offices included six Directors and Deputies — Grand Music, Grand Invocator, Grand Steward, Grand Astrologer, Grand Diviner, and Grand Physician. Additionally, the Equalization Office and Capital Water Office each had a Chief and Deputy. There were also Directors and Deputies for the temple chambers, park provisions, and the Yong Grand Steward and Grand Invocator, with one Commandant for each of the Five Altars. The Erudites and all the imperial mausoleum counties also fell under its jurisdiction. In Emperor Jing's sixth middle year, the Grand Invocator was renamed Director of Sacrificial Worship. In the first year of Taichu under Emperor Wu, it became the Director of Temple Worship, and the Grand Diviner was first established. The Erudites were a Qin office responsible for mastery of ancient and modern learning, ranked at the equivalent of six hundred shi. Their number sometimes reached several dozen. In the fifth year of Jianyuan under Emperor Wu, the Erudites of the Five Classics were first established. In Huanglong 1 under Emperor Xuan, their number was gradually increased to twelve. In Yongguang 1 under Emperor Yuan, the mausoleum towns were transferred to the jurisdiction of the Three Adjuncts. Wang Mang renamed the Grand Master of Ceremonies to Director of Ranks.
9
殿 祿 祿
The Director of the Gentlemen of the Palace was a Qin office in charge of the palace halls and side gates, with a Deputy. In the first year of Taichu under Emperor Wu, the title was changed to Superintendent of the Imperial Household. Its subordinate offices included the Grandees, Gentlemen, and Ushers — all Qin offices. The Gate Guards and the Feathered Forest Guards also fell under its jurisdiction. The Grandees were responsible for deliberation and debate. They comprised Grand Palace Grandees, Palace Grandees, and Remonstrant Grandees, with no fixed complement — sometimes numbering several dozen. In the fifth year of Yuanshou under Emperor Wu, the Remonstrant Grandee was first established at an equivalent rank of eight hundred shi. In the first year of Taichu, the Palace Grandee was renamed Grandee of the Glorious Emolument at two thousand shi; the Grand Palace Grandee remained at one thousand shi as before. The Gentlemen guarded the gates and, when dispatched, served as chariot and cavalry escorts. They comprised Consultant Gentlemen, Palace Gentlemen, Attendant Gentlemen, and Gentlemen of the Palace — with no fixed complement, sometimes numbering up to a thousand. Consultant Gentlemen and Palace Gentlemen ranked at the equivalent of six hundred shi, Attendant Gentlemen at four hundred, and Gentlemen of the Palace at three hundred. The Palace Gentlemen had three Commanders — Five Offices, Left, and Right — each ranked at the equivalent of two thousand shi. The Gentlemen of the Palace had three Commanders — Chariot, Gate, and Cavalry — each ranked at the equivalent of one thousand shi. The Ushers received guests, assisted in ceremonies, and handled affairs. Their complement was seventy, ranked at six hundred shi, with a Chief Usher ranked at one thousand shi. The Gate Guards bore arms and provided escort. First established in the third year of Jianyuan under Emperor Wu, they ranked equivalent to Gentlemen, with no fixed complement — sometimes reaching a thousand — and a Chief ranked at one thousand shi. In Yuanshi 1 under Emperor Ping, they were renamed Tiger-Ben Gentlemen, with a Commander ranked at two thousand shi. The Feathered Forest Guards provided escort, ranking below the Gate Guards. First established in the first year of Taichu under Emperor Wu as the Jianzhang Camp Cavalry, they were later renamed the Feathered Forest Cavalry. Additionally, the sons and grandsons of soldiers killed in battle were adopted into the Feathered Forest and trained in the five weapons. They were known as the 'Feathered Forest Orphans.' The Feathered Forest had a Director and a Deputy. Emperor Xuan appointed the Commander of the Palace Gentlemen and the Cavalry Commandant to oversee the Feathered Forest, each ranked at two thousand shi. The title of Chief was a Qin institution. The Attendants-in-Ordinary, Masters of Documents, Erudites, and Gentlemen all had one. In ancient times, military officials were highly valued, with a Master of Archery to supervise and assess them. Military garrison clerks, outriders, stewards, and Eternal Lane palace staff all had such a post, the title deriving from its supervisory function.
10
The Commandant of the Guards was a Qin office in charge of the palace gate guards and garrison troops, with a Deputy. Early in Emperor Jing's reign, the title was changed to Director of the Palace Grandees. In the first year of the Later period, it was restored to Commandant of the Guards. Its subordinate offices included three Directors and Deputies: the Public Carriage Commandant, the Guard Soldiers, and the Traveling Warriors. The Guard Soldiers office had three Deputies. Additionally, all twenty-two garrison guard and marshal offices fell under its jurisdiction. The Commandants of the Guards for the Changle, Jianzhang, and Ganquan palaces each oversaw their respective palaces. Their duties were broadly similar, and the positions were not permanent.
11
輿 駿 輿
The Grand Coachman was a Qin office in charge of carriages and horses, with two Deputies. Its subordinate offices included three Directors — Grand Stables, Weiyang Stables, and Imperial Stables — each with five Deputies and one Commandant. Additionally, four Directors and Deputies: the Carriage Office, Road Carriages, Riding Horses, and Fine Horses; five Supervisors with Chiefs and Deputies: Dragon Horses, Idle Colts, Tuoquan, Taotu, and Chenghua; six Pasture Park Directors in the border commanderies, each with three Deputies; The Directors and Deputies of the Camel Pasture and Kunti also fell under its jurisdiction. The Palace Grand Coachman oversaw the Empress Dowager's carriages and horses. The position was not permanent. In the first year of Taichu under Emperor Wu, the Imperial Stables were renamed the Kumiss Stables, and the Road Carriages office was first established.
12
The Commandant of Justice was a Qin office in charge of criminal law and punishments, with a Chief, Left Monitor, and Right Monitor, each ranked at one thousand shi. In Emperor Jing's sixth middle year it was renamed Grand Judge; in the fourth year of Jianyuan under Emperor Wu it became Commandant of Justice again. In Dijie 3 under Emperor Xuan, Left and Right Assessors were first established, each at six hundred shi. In the second year of Yuanshou under Emperor Ai, the title reverted to Grand Judge. Wang Mang renamed it 'Maker of Gentlemen.'
13
The Director of Guests was a Qin office in charge of the submitted barbarian peoples, with a Deputy. In Emperor Jing's sixth middle year, it was renamed Director of Grand Conduct. In the first year of Taichu under Emperor Wu, it became the Grand Herald. Its subordinate offices included three Directors and Deputies — Envoys, Interpreters, and Separate Fire — as well as the Chiefs and Deputies of the commandery lodges. In the first year of Taichu under Emperor Wu, the Envoy office was renamed Director of Grand Conduct, and the Separate Fire office was first established. Wang Mang renamed the Grand Herald 'Director of Music.' Originally, the commandery and kingdom lodges fell under the Privy Treasurer, then were transferred to the Capital Commandant, and later placed under the Grand Herald.
14
The Director of the Imperial Clan was a Qin office in charge of the imperial kinsmen, with a Deputy. In Yuanshi 4 under Emperor Ping, the title was changed to Grand Priest of the Clan. Its subordinate offices included the Director and Deputy of the Capital Minister of Works, and the Chief and Deputy of the Inner Officials. The Household Directors and Gate Commandants of all the princesses also fell under its jurisdiction. Wang Mang merged this office with the Director of Ranks. Originally, the Inner Officials fell under the Privy Treasurer, then were transferred to the Director of Nobility Ranks, and later placed under the Director of the Imperial Clan.
15
The Internal Clerk for Grain was a Qin office in charge of grain and commodities, with two Deputies. In the first year of Emperor Jing's Later period, the title became Director of Grand Agriculture. In the first year of Taichu under Emperor Wu, it became Grand Minister of Agriculture. Its subordinate offices included five Directors and Deputies — Grand Granary, Equitable Transport, Price Stabilization, Capital Treasury, and Ritual Field — and two Chiefs and Deputies: the Monopoly Office and the Iron Market. Additionally, all sixty-five Chiefs and Deputies of the commandery and kingdom granaries, agricultural supervisors, and water offices fell under its jurisdiction. The Grain Transport Commandant was a military office of Emperor Wu's era, not permanently maintained. Wang Mang renamed the Grand Minister of Agriculture 'Xi He,' later changing it again to 'Receiver of Words.' Originally, the Monopoly Office fell under the Privy Treasurer, then was transferred to the Director of Nobility Ranks, and later to the Grand Minister of Agriculture.
16
西 西
The Privy Treasurer was a Qin office in charge of taxes on mountains, seas, ponds, and marshlands, used to supply the imperial household. It had six Deputies. Its subordinate offices included twelve Directors and Deputies — Masters of Documents, Tally and Credentials, Grand Physician, Grand Provisioner, Hot Water, Rice Processing, Music Bureau, Arsenal, Artisan Workshop, Left Archer, Dwelling Office, Ganquan Dwelling Office, Left and Right Ministers of Works, Eastern Weaving, Western Weaving, and Eastern Garden Artisans. Three Chiefs and Deputies: Butchery, Capital Water, and Equalization. Ten pond supervisors within the Shanglin Park. And seven Directors and Deputies: Palace Secretary Ushers, Yellow Gate, Hook and Shield, Imperial Workshops, Imperial Wardrobe, Eternal Lane, Inner Attendants, and Eunuch Attendants. All the Chiefs, Bureau Heads, and Palace Yellow Gate officials also fell under its jurisdiction. In the first year of Taichu under Emperor Wu, the names were changed: Artisan Workshop to Artisans' Bureau, Left Archer to Swift Flyer, Dwelling Office to Palace Guardian, Ganquan Dwelling to Kunlun Terrace, and Eternal Lane to Lateral Court. The Swift Flyer oversaw crossbow hunting, with nine Deputies and two Commandants. The Grand Provisioner had seven Deputies; the Kunlun Terrace, five; the Music Bureau, three; the Lateral Court, eight; the Eunuch Attendants, seven; and the Hook and Shield, five Deputies and two Commandants. In Jianshi 4 under Emperor Cheng, the Palace Secretary Ushers' Director was renamed Director of the Palace Ushers, and the Masters of Documents were formally established with five members and four Deputies. In Heping 1, the Eastern Weaving office was abolished and the Western Weaving was renamed the Weaving Chamber. In Suihe 2, Emperor Ai abolished the Music Bureau. Wang Mang renamed the Privy Treasurer 'Minister of Shared Works.'
17
The Capital Commandant was a Qin office in charge of patrolling the capital, with two Deputies, a Scout, a Marshal, and a Commander of a Thousand. In the first year of Taichu under Emperor Wu, the title was changed to Bearer of the Golden Mace. Its subordinate offices included four Directors and Deputies: Central Rampart, Temple Mutual, Arsenal, and Capital Boats. Capital Boats and Arsenal each had three Deputies; the Central Rampart had two Commandants. The Left, Right, and Central Scouts of the Ceremony Road with their Deputies, and the Left and Right Capital Adjunct Commandants with their Deputies and soldiers, also fell under its jurisdiction. Originally, the Temple Mutual fell under the Privy Treasurer, then was transferred to the Director of Nobility Ranks, and later to the Capital Commandant.
18
From the Grand Master of Ceremonies to the Bearer of the Golden Mace, all ranked at the middle two-thousand-shi level, with Deputies at one thousand shi.
19
The Heir Apparent's Grand Mentor and Junior Mentor were ancient offices. Its subordinate officials included the Heir Apparent's Gate Grandees, Gentlemen of the Household, Outriders, and Retainers.
20
The Junior Treasurer of Construction was a Qin office in charge of building the palaces, with two Deputies and Left, Right, and Central Scouts. In Emperor Jing's sixth middle year, the title was changed to Grand Architect. Its subordinate offices included seven Directors and Deputies — Stone Repository, Eastern Garden Timber Master, and the five School Commandants (Left, Right, Front, Rear, and Central). There was also a Timber Master Chief with Deputy. In the first year of Taichu under Emperor Wu, the Eastern Garden Timber Master was renamed the Woodworkers' Bureau. In Yangshuo 3 under Emperor Cheng, the Central Scout and the Deputies of the five Schools were abolished.
21
The Director of the Household was a Qin office in charge of the households of the empress and the heir apparent, with a Deputy. Its subordinates included the Heir Apparent's Director of Timekeeping, Household Director and Deputy, Coachman, Central Shield, Guard Commander, Kitchen-Stables Chief and Deputy; and also the Directors of the Inner Autumn, Private Treasury, Eternal Lane, Granary, Stables, Sacrificial Worship, and Provisions — each with Chiefs and Deputies. All eunuch officials also fell under its jurisdiction. In Hongjia 3 under Emperor Cheng, the Director of the Household was abolished, with its functions merged under the Grand Director of the Autumn. The Changxin Director of the Household oversaw the Empress Dowager's palace. In Emperor Jing's sixth middle year, it became the Changxin Privy Treasurer. In Yuanshi 4 under Emperor Ping, it became the Changle Privy Treasurer.
22
The Director of Travel was a Qin office. In Emperor Jing's sixth middle year, it was renamed Grand Director of the Autumn. The post was sometimes held by eunuchs, sometimes by regular officials.
23
The Director of Dependent States was a Qin office in charge of submitted barbarian peoples. In the third year of Yuanshou under Emperor Wu, when the Kunxie King surrendered, additional dependent states were created, with Commandants, Deputies, Scouts, and Commanders of a Thousand. Its subordinate office was the Director of Nine Interpreters. In Heping 1 under Emperor Cheng, the office was abolished and merged with the Grand Herald.
24
The Water Conservancy Commandant was first established in the second year of Yuanding under Emperor Wu. It oversaw the Shanglin Park and had five Deputies. Its subordinate offices included nine Directors and Deputies: Shanglin, Equitable Transport, Imperial Delicacies, Forbidden Garden, Wash and Repair, Bell Office, Artisan Skills, Six Stables, and Bronze Assessment. The Balance Office, Water Minister of Works, Capital Water, Agricultural Granary, and the Ganquan Shanglin and Capital Water — seven offices in all — also fell under its jurisdiction. Shanglin had eight Deputies and twelve Commandants, Equitable Transport had four Deputies, Imperial Delicacies two, Capital Water three, Forbidden Garden two Commandants, and Ganquan Shanglin four Deputies. In Jianshi 2 under Emperor Cheng, the Artisan Skills and Six Stables offices were abolished. Wang Mang renamed the Water Conservancy Commandant 'Bestowed Forester.' Originally, Imperial Delicacies, Shanglin, the Balance Office, and the Mint all fell under the Privy Treasurer.
25
The Internal Clerk was a Zhou office continued by the Qin, in charge of governing the capital. In Emperor Jing's second year, a Left Internal Clerk was established as a separate post. In the first year of Taichu under Emperor Wu, the Right Internal Clerk was renamed Governor of the Capital Region. Its subordinate offices included the Chang'an Market and Kitchen Directors and Deputies, and the Capital Water and Iron Office Chiefs and Deputies. The Left Internal Clerk was renamed the Left Adjunct. Its subordinate offices included the Director, Deputy, and Commandant of the Granary Sacrifices. The Left Capital Water, Iron Office, Cloud Rampart, and Four Markets of Chang'an — each with Chief and Deputy — also fell under its jurisdiction.
26
The Central Commandant of Nobility Ranks was a Qin office in charge of the ranked marquises. In Emperor Jing's sixth middle year, it was renamed Commandant. In the first year of Taichu under Emperor Wu, it became the Right Adjunct, governing the right portion of the former Internal Clerk's territory. Its subordinate offices included the Director and Deputy of Livestock Management. The Capital Water, Iron Office, Stables, and Yong Kitchen, each with Chief and Deputy, also fell under its jurisdiction. Together with the Left Adjunct and the Governor of the Capital Region, these formed the Three Adjuncts. Each had two Deputies. The ranked marquises were later transferred to the Grand Herald's jurisdiction. In the fourth year of Yuanding, two Adjunct Commandants with one Deputy each were additionally established.
27
From the Heir Apparent's Grand Mentor to the Right Adjunct, all ranked at two thousand shi, with Deputies at six hundred shi.
28
The Protector-General Commandant was a Qin office. In the fourth year of Yuanshou under Emperor Wu it was placed under the Grand Marshal. In Suihe 1 under Emperor Cheng it was stationed in the Grand Marshal's office at Rectifier-equivalent rank. In the first year of Yuanshou under Emperor Ai it was renamed Minister of Crime, and in Yuanshi 1 under Emperor Ping it became Protector-General.
29
The Colonel of the Capital Jurisdiction was a Zhou office first established in Zhenghe 4 under Emperor Wu. Bearing the imperial credentials, he led 1,200 convict laborers from the capital offices to apprehend witchcraft practitioners and crack down on the most crafty and treacherous. Later, his troops were disbanded. He inspected the Three Adjuncts, the Three Rivers region, and Hongnong. In Chuyuan 4 under Emperor Yuan, the imperial credentials were taken away. In Yuanyan 4 under Emperor Cheng, the office was abolished. In Suihe 2, Emperor Ai restored the office as Colonel of the Capital Jurisdiction only, with the Worthy Advancement cap, subordinate to the Grand Minister of Education at Rectifier-equivalent rank.
30
西 西使西
The Colonel of the City Gates oversaw the garrison troops at the capital's gates, with a Marshal and twelve Gate Scouts. The Colonel of the Central Rampart oversaw the Northern Army's inner rampart gates and, externally, the Western Regions. The Colonel of Garrison Cavalry oversaw the cavalrymen. The Colonel of Infantry oversaw the garrison troops at the gates of the Shanglin Park. The Colonel of the Yue Cavalry oversaw the Yue cavalrymen. The Colonel of Changshui oversaw the Hu cavalry stationed at Changshui and Xuanqu. There was also a Colonel of the Hu Cavalry, overseeing the Hu cavalry at Chiyang. This was not a permanent position. The Colonel of Archers Who Shoot by Sound oversaw the standby sound-shooting archers. The Colonel of Tiger-Ben oversaw the light chariots. In total there were Eight Colonels, all first established under Emperor Wu. Each had a Deputy and a Marshal. From the Capital Jurisdiction Colonel to the Colonel of Tiger-Ben, all ranked at two thousand shi. The Protector-General of the Western Regions was an additional title first established in Dijie 2 under Emperor Xuan. A Cavalry Commandant or Remonstrant Grandee was dispatched to protect the thirty-six Western Region states. The post included a Deputy Colonel ranked at two thousand shi, one Deputy, and two each of Marshals, Scouts, and Commanders of a Thousand. The Wuji Colonel was established in Chuyuan 1 under Emperor Yuan, with one Deputy, one Marshal, and five Scouts, each at six hundred shi.
31
輿 輿
The Commandant of Imperial Carriages oversaw the emperor's carriages, and the Commandant of the Consort's Cavalry oversaw the consort's horses. Both were first established under Emperor Wu, at two thousand shi. The Attendant-in-Ordinary, Left and Right Sections, Various Clerks, Loose Cavalry, and Regular Palace Attendant were all supplementary titles conferred on holders of other offices — from ranked marquises and generals down to gentlemen of the palace. There was no fixed complement, sometimes reaching several dozen. Attendants-in-Ordinary and Regular Palace Attendants could enter the inner palace; Section officials handled documentary affairs; Various Clerks could initiate legal proceedings; and Loose Cavalry rode alongside the imperial carriage. 'Palace Attendant' was also a supplementary title, conferred on grandees, erudites, or consultant gentlemen. Its holder served as advisor and respondent, ranking just below the Regular Palace Attendant. Within the Palace Yellow Gate there were 'Yellow Gate Palace Attendants,' ranking among the generals and grandees. All of these were Qin institutions.
32
The twenty ranks of nobility were: 1st, Gongshi; 2nd, Shangzao; 3rd, Zanniao; 4th, Bugeng; 5th, Grandee; 6th, Official Grandee; 7th, Public Grandee; 8th, Public Rider; 9th, Fifth Grandee; 10th, Left Chief of the Multitude; 11th, Right Chief of the Multitude; 12th, Left Renewal; 13th, Central Renewal; 14th, Right Renewal; 15th, Junior Superior Constructor; 16th, Grand Superior Constructor; 17th, Four-Horse Chariot Chief; 18th, Grand Chief of the Multitude; 19th, Marquis within the Passes; 20th, Full Marquis. All were Qin institutions, used to reward merit and service. Full Marquises bore gold seals with purple ribbons. To avoid Emperor Wu's name taboo, they were called 'Penetrating Marquises' or 'Ranked Marquises.' The head of their alimentary domain was renamed Chancellor. They also had a Household Deputy, Gate Grandee, and Gentlemen of the Household.
33
祿
The feudal kings were first established by Emperor Gao, bearing gold seals with green ribbons, governing their own kingdoms. Each kingdom had a Grand Mentor to advise the king, an Internal Clerk to govern the people, a Capital Commandant for military affairs, and a Chancellor to direct all officials. The full set of ministers, grandees, and capital officials mirrored the Han court. In Emperor Jing's fifth middle year, the feudal kings were barred from governing their own kingdoms. The Son of Heaven appointed their officials. The Chancellor's title lost the 'Grand' prefix, the offices of Grandee Secretary, Commandant of Justice, Privy Treasurer, Director of the Imperial Clan, and Erudites were abolished, and the complements of all remaining officials were reduced. When Emperor Wu renamed the Han Internal Clerk to Governor of the Capital Region, the Capital Commandant to Bearer of the Golden Mace, and the Director of the Gentlemen to Superintendent of the Imperial Household, the kingdoms retained the old titles. The kingdom's Director of the Gentlemen was reduced to one thousand shi; The Grand Coachman was renamed simply 'Coachman,' also at one thousand shi. In Suihe 1 under Emperor Cheng, the Internal Clerk was abolished. The Chancellor was instead charged with governing the people like a commandery governor, and the Capital Commandant functioned like a commandery commandant.
34
The Supervisory Censor was a Qin office in charge of overseeing the commanderies. The Han abolished the office. The Chancellor dispatched clerks to inspect the provinces, but these were not permanent appointments. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng under Emperor Wu, Regional Inspectors were first established to carry out imperial edicts inspecting the provinces. They ranked at six hundred shi, with a complement of thirteen. In Suihe 1 under Emperor Cheng, the title was changed to Provincial Shepherd, at two thousand shi. In Jianping 2 under Emperor Ai, it reverted to Regional Inspector. In the second year of Yuanshou, it was changed back to Provincial Shepherd.
35
The Commandery Governor was a Qin office in charge of governing the commandery, ranked at two thousand shi. Each had a Deputy. Border commanderies additionally had a Chief Clerk in charge of troops and horses. Both ranked at six hundred shi. In Emperor Jing's second middle year, the title was changed to Grand Administrator.
36
The Commandery Commandant was a Qin office that assisted the governor in managing military affairs and armored soldiers, ranked at two thousand shi. Each had a Deputy, ranked at six hundred shi. In Emperor Jing's second middle year, the title was changed to Commandant.
37
The Pass Commandant was a Qin office. The Agricultural Commandant and the Dependent State Commandant were both first established under Emperor Wu.
38
County Magistrates and County Chiefs were both Qin offices in charge of governing their respective counties. Counties with ten thousand or more households had a Magistrate, ranked from one thousand to six hundred shi. Counties with fewer than ten thousand households had a Chief, ranked from five hundred to three hundred shi. All had Deputies and Commandants ranked from four hundred to two hundred shi. These were the senior officials. Below one hundred shi were the dou-ration and assistant clerk ranks. These were the junior officials. As a rule, there was a patrol station every ten li, each with a chief. Ten stations formed one district, which had Three Elders, a ranked official, a tax collector, and a roving constable. The Three Elders oversaw moral instruction and civic education. The tax collector heard lawsuits and collected taxes. The roving constable patrolled to prevent theft and banditry. A county was roughly a hundred li across — smaller where the population was dense, larger where sparse. Districts and stations followed the same principle. All were Qin institutions. A county serving as a ranked marquis's alimentary domain was called a 'kingdom.' One belonging to the empress dowager, empress, or princess was called a 'borough.' One containing barbarian peoples was called a 'route.' In total there were 1,587 counties, routes, kingdoms, and boroughs, 6,622 districts, and 29,635 patrol stations.
39
祿
All officials at the equivalent of two thousand shi or above bore silver seals with blue-green ribbons, except the Grandee of the Glorious Emolument, who had none. Officials at the equivalent of six hundred shi or above bore bronze seals with black ribbons, except grandees, erudites, censors, ushers, and gentlemen, who had none. The Chiefs, documentary Censors, and those handling tallies and seals were granted seals and ribbons. Officials at two hundred shi or above bore bronze seals with yellow ribbons. In Yangshuo 2 under Emperor Cheng, the eight-hundred and five-hundred shi ranks were abolished. In Suihe 1, county chiefs and kingdom chancellors all received black ribbons. In Jianping 2 under Emperor Ai, yellow ribbons were restored. The total complement of officials, from assistant clerks up to the Grand Chancellor, numbered 120,285.
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BCEChancellor of StateLeft Internal Clerk
Grand ChancellorGrand CommandantGrandee SecretaryRanked GeneralsDirector of CeremoniesDirector of the Gentlemen of the PalaceCommandant of the GuardsThe Grand CoachmanCommandant of JusticeThe Director of GuestsDirector of the Imperial ClanThe Water Conservancy Commandant
Grand Minister of EducationDirector of Grand ConductInternal Clerk for GrainCapital Commandant / Bearer of the Golden MaceThe Left Adjunct
The Grand TutorThe Grand MarshalGrand Minister of WorksThe Grand Master of CeremoniesThe Superintendent of the Imperial HouseholdThe Director of the Palace GrandeesThe Grand JudgeThe Grand HeraldThe Grand Minister of AgricultureThe Privy TreasurerThe Commandant of Nobility RanksThe Right Internal Clerk
The Grand MentorThe Right AdjunctThe Governor of the Capital Region
The Grand Protector
206 BCEGaozu, first yearXiao He, formerly Chancellor of Pei, was appointed Grand ChancellorZhou Ke, formerly Internal Clerk, was appointed Grandee Secretary and stationed to defend Xingyang. He died in the third yearXiahou Ying, formerly Magistrate of Teng, was appointed Grand CoachmanXiang, formerly a Shield-Bearer, was appointed Internal Clerk for GrainZhou Chang was appointed Capital Commandant. In the third year he was transferredInternal Clerk Zhou Ke was transferred
205 BCEYear two
204 BCEYear three
203 BCEYear fourCapital Commandant Zhou Chang was appointed Grandee Secretary. In the sixth year he was transferred to serve as Chancellor of Zhao
202 BCEYear fiveGrand Commandant Lu Wan became King of Yan in the latter ninth monthWang Tianqi served as Director of the Gentlemen of the PalaceYiqu served as Commandant of JusticeXue Ou, Marquis of Guangping, was appointed Director of GuestsYang Xianyan, formerly Military Rectifier, was appointed Privy Treasurer. He died after twenty-one years of service. Bing Cai served as Capital CommandantDu Tian served as Internal Clerk of Yin
201 BCEYear sixGeneral Li Shang was appointed Commandant of the GuardsGongshang Buhai, Marquis of Ji, was appointed Grand Coachman
200 BCEYear sevenShusun Tong, formerly an Erudite, was appointed Director of Ceremonies. Three years later he was transferred to serve as the Heir Apparent's Grand Mentor
199 BCEYear eight
198 BCEYear nineChancellor Xiao He was promoted to Chancellor of State
197 BCEYear tenZhao Yao, formerly Censor of Tallies and Seals, was appointed Grandee Secretary. He was dismissed ten years laterXuan Yi, formerly Governor of Zhongdi, was appointed Commandant of Justice
196 BCEYear elevenZhou Bo, Marquis of Jiang, was appointed Grand Commandant. The office was later abolishedWang Shi served as Commandant of the GuardsQi Sai served as Capital Commandant
195 BCEYear twelveShusun Tong, formerly Grand Mentor to the Heir Apparent, was reappointed Director of CeremoniesYu served as Commandant of Justice
194 BCEEmperor Hui, first yearLiu Ze, Marquis of Yingling, was appointed Commandant of the Guards
193 BCEYear twoOn a xinwei day in the seventh month, Chancellor of State Xiao He died. On a guisi day in the same month, Cao Shen, formerly Chancellor of Qi, was appointed Chancellor of State
192 BCEYear threeDu Tian, Marquis of Changxiu, was appointed Commandant of Justice
191 BCEYear four
190 BCEYear fiveOn a jichou day in the eighth month, Chancellor of State Cao Shen died
189 BCEYear sixOn a jichou day in the tenth month, Wang Ling, Marquis of Anguo, was appointed Right Grand Chancellor, and Chen Ping, Marquis of Quni, was appointed Left Grand ChancellorZhou Bo, Marquis of Jiang, was reappointed Grand Commandant. He was transferred in the tenth yearXuan Yi, Marquis of Tujun, was appointed Commandant of Justice
188 BCEYear sevenThe Director of Ceremonies was dismissedShen Yiji, Marquis of Biyang, was appointed Director of Guests. He was transferred after one year
187 BCEEmpress Dowager Gao, first yearOn a jiazi day in the eleventh month, Right Chancellor Wang Ling was promoted to Grand Mentor, Left Chancellor Chen Ping became Right Chancellor, and Shen Yiji, formerly Director of Guests, became Left ChancellorRen Ao, formerly Governor of Shangdang, was appointed Grandee Secretary. He was dismissed three years later
186 BCEYear twoLiu Yingke, Marquis of Shangpei, was appointed Director of the Imperial Clan. Seven years later he became King of Chu
185 BCEYear three
184 BCEYear fourCao Zhu, Marquis of Pingyang, was appointed Grandee Secretary. He was dismissed five years later
183 BCEYear five
182 BCEYear six
181 BCEYear sevenOn a xinsi day in the seventh month, Left Chancellor Shen Yiji was promoted to Grand MentorGen served as Director of CeremoniesWei served as Commandant of JusticeLiu Jie served as Director of Guests
180 BCEYear eightOn a bingxu day in the ninth month, he was restored to the Grand Chancellorship. He was dismissed in the latter ninth monthZhang Cang, formerly Chancellor of Huainan, was appointed Grandee Secretary. He was transferred four years later
179 BCEEmperor Wen, first yearOn a xinhai day in the tenth month, Right Chancellor Chen Ping became Left Chancellor, and Grand Commandant Zhou Bo became Right Chancellor. Zhou Bo was dismissed on a xinwei day in the eighth monthOn a xinhai day in the tenth month, General Guan Ying was appointed Grand Commandant. In the second year he was transferred, and the office was abolishedBo Zhao, a Grand Palace Grandee, was appointed General of Chariots and Cavalry. Song Chang, formerly Capital Commandant of Dai, was appointed General of the GuardsZhang Wu served as Director of the Gentlemen of the PalaceWu Gong, formerly Governor of Henan, was appointed Commandant of Justice
178 BCEYear twoIn the tenth month, Chancellor Chen Ping died. On a yihai day in the eleventh month, Zhou Bo, Marquis of Jiang, was again appointed ChancellorRao served as Director of CeremoniesZu served as Commandant of the Guards
177 BCEYear threeIn the twelfth month, Chancellor Zhou Bo was dismissed. On a yihai day, Grand Commandant Guan Ying was appointed ChancellorZhang Shizhi, formerly Commander of the Palace Gentlemen, was appointed Commandant of JusticeFeng Jing served as Director of Guests. He was transferred four years later
176 BCEYear fourOn a yisi day in the twelfth month, Chancellor Guan Ying died. On a jiawu day in the first month, Grandee Secretary Zhang Cang was appointed ChancellorWei served as Grandee Secretary
175 BCEYear five
174 BCEYear six
173 BCEYear sevenFeng Jing, formerly Director of Guests, was appointed Grandee SecretaryJing served as Director of Guests
172 BCEYear eightGrand Coachman Xiahou Ying died
171 BCEYear nine
170 BCEYear tenChang served as Commandant of Justice, then Jia served as Commandant of Justice
169 BCEYear eleven
168 BCEYear twelveChang Lü served as Director of Ceremonies
167 BCEYear thirteen
166 BCEYear fourteenZhou She served as Capital CommandantDong Chi served as Internal Clerk
165 BCEYear fifteenYi Chang served as Commandant of Justice
164 BCEYear sixteenShentu Jia, formerly Governor of Huaiyang, was appointed Grandee Secretary. He was transferred two years later
163 BCELater period, first yearXin served as Commandant of Justice
162 BCEYear twoOn a wuxu day in the eighth month, Chancellor Zhang Cang was dismissed. On a gengwu day, Grandee Secretary Shentu Jia was appointed ChancellorOn a gengwu day in the eighth month, Tao Qing, Marquis of Kaifeng, was appointed Grandee Secretary. He was transferred seven years later
161 BCEYear three
160 BCEYear four
159 BCEYear five
158 BCEYear six
157 BCEYear sevenXin served as Director of Ceremonies
156 BCEEmperor Jing, first yearZhou Ren, a Grand Palace Grandee, was appointed Director of the Gentlemen of the Palace. After thirteen years he was dismissed due to old age and illness, retaining a two-thousand-shi salaryQu served as Commandant of JusticeLiu Li, Marquis of Pinglu, was appointed Director of the Imperial Clan. In the second year he became King of ChuJia served as Capital CommandantChao Cuo, a Palace Grandee, was appointed Left Internal Clerk. He was transferred after one year
155 BCEYear twoIn the sixth month, Chancellor Shentu Jia died. On a dingwei day in the eighth month, Grandee Secretary Tao Qing was appointed ChancellorOn a dingsi day in the eighth month, Left Internal Clerk Chao Cuo was appointed Grandee SecretaryYou served as Director of Ceremonies
154 BCEYear threeCapital Commandant Zhou Yafu was appointed Grand Commandant. In the fifth year he was transferred, and the office was abolishedOn a renzi day in the first month, Chao Cuo was convicted and executed by waist-severingDou Ying, formerly Director of the Household, was appointed Grand GeneralYuan Ang, formerly Chancellor of Wu, was appointed Director of Ceremonies. Yin also served as Director of CeremoniesSheng served as Commandant of JusticeLiu Tong, Marquis of De, was appointed Director of the Imperial Clan. He died three years laterWei Wan, formerly Grand Mentor of Hejian, was appointed Capital Commandant. In the fourth year he was granted leave, and later served as Grand Mentor to the Heir Apparent
153 BCEYear fourJie served as Grandee SecretaryDou Pengzu, Marquis of Nanpi, was appointed Director of Ceremonies
152 BCEYear fiveZhang Ou, Marquis of Anqiu, was appointed Director of CeremoniesLiu She, Marquis of Yaoqiu, was appointed Grand Coachman
151 BCEYear six
150 BCEYear sevenOn a yisi day in the sixth month, Chancellor Tao Qing was dismissed. Grand Commandant Zhou Yafu was appointed ChancellorGrand Coachman Liu She was appointed Grandee Secretary. He was transferred three years laterXiao Sheng, Marquis of Zan, was appointed Director of CeremoniesZhi Du, formerly Governor of Jinan, was appointed Capital Commandant. He was dismissed three years later
149 BCEMiddle period, first yearFu served as Commandant of Justice
148 BCEYear twoCapital Commandant; the holder's name is not recorded in the table
147 BCEYear threeOn a wuxu day in the ninth month, Chancellor Zhou Yafu was dismissed. Grandee Secretary Liu She was appointed ChancellorWei Wan, formerly Grand Mentor to the Heir Apparent, was appointed Grandee Secretary. He was transferred four years laterCheng Chang, Marquis of Zhuzao, was appointed Director of Ceremonies
146 BCEYear four
145 BCEYear fiveWu Li, Marquis of Dai, was appointed Director of CeremoniesShen served as Privy TreasurerBu Yi served as Commandant of Nobility Ranks
144 BCEYear sixDirector of Ceremonies Wu Li had his title changed to Grand Master of CeremoniesDirector of the Palace Grandees Zhi Buyi had his title changed to Commandant of the GuardsCommandant of Justice Xia had his title changed to Grand JudgeNing Cheng, formerly Commandant of Jinan, was appointed Capital Commandant. He was transferred four years later
143 BCELater period, first yearOn a bingwu day in the seventh month, Chancellor Liu She was dismissed. On a renchen day in the eighth month, Grandee Secretary Wei Wan was appointed ChancellorOn a renchen day in the eighth month, Commandant of the Guards Zhi Buyi was appointed Grandee Secretary. He was dismissed three years laterHe served as Director of the Gentlemen of the Palace
142 BCEYear twoHui served as Director of Grand AgricultureGuang Yi served as Capital CommandantNu served as Commandant of Nobility Ranks
141 BCEYear threeXu Chang, Marquis of Baizhi, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. He was transferred two years later
140 BCEEmperor Wu, first year of JianyuanIn the sixth month, Chancellor Wei Wan was dismissed. On a bingyin day, Dou Ying, Marquis of Weiqi, was appointed ChancellorTian Fen, Marquis of Wu'an, was appointed Grand CommandantNiu Di, formerly Chancellor of Qi, was appointed Grandee SecretaryWang Zang served as Director of the Gentlemen of the Palace. After one year he was charged with a crime and took his own lifeGuan Fu, formerly Governor of Huainan, was appointed Grand Coachman. In the second year he became Chancellor of YanGuang served as Director of Grand ConductZhang Ou served as Capital Commandant. He was transferred nine years laterCapital Commandant Ning Cheng was transferred to Internal Clerk, then imprisoned and sentenced. Yin then served as Internal Clerk
139 BCEYear twoIn the tenth month, Chancellor Dou Ying was dismissed. On a yiwei day in the third month, Grand Master of Ceremonies Xu Chang was appointed ChancellorGrand Commandant Tian Fen was dismissed, and the office was abolishedGrandee Secretary Zhao Wan was charged with a crime and took his own lifeZhao Zhou, Marquis of Nanling, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. He was dismissed four years laterShi Jian served as Director of the Gentlemen of the Palace. He died six years laterXin served as Grand JudgeGuo Qi served as Director of Grand ConductShi Qing served as Internal Clerk
138 BCEYear threeHan Anguo, formerly Commandant of Beidi, was appointed Director of Grand Agriculture. He was transferred three years laterShi Bian served as Internal Clerk
137 BCEYear fourYan Qingdi, Marquis of Wuqiang, was appointed Grandee Secretary. Two years later he was dismissed for mishandling the mourning arrangements for Empress Dowager DouQian served as Commandant of Justice, then Jian served as Commandant of JusticeZheng Dangshi, formerly Chancellor of Jiangdu, was appointed Right Internal Clerk. Five years later he was demoted to Director of the Household
136 BCEYear fiveWu served as Commandant of JusticeWang Hui served as Director of Grand Conduct
135 BCEYear sixOn a guisi day in the sixth month, Chancellor Xu Chang was dismissed. Tian Fen, Marquis of Wu'an, was appointed ChancellorDirector of Grand Agriculture Han Anguo was appointed Grandee Secretary. He was dismissed due to illness four years laterDing served as Grand Master of CeremoniesHe served as Grand Coachman. After thirty-three years he was transferredYin served as Commandant of JusticeYin served as Director of Grand AgricultureJi An, formerly Governor of Donghai, was appointed Commandant of Nobility Ranks. He was transferred eleven years later
134 BCEYuanguang, first yearWang Zang served as Grand Master of CeremoniesLi Guang, formerly Governor of Longxi, was appointed Commandant of the Guards
133 BCEYear twoChong served as Internal Clerk
132 BCEYear three
131 BCEYear fourOn a yimao day in the third month, Chancellor Tian Fen died. On a dingsi day in the fifth month, Xue Ze, Marquis of Pingjue, was appointed ChancellorIn the ninth month, Capital Commandant Zhang Ou was appointed Grandee Secretary. Five years later he was dismissed due to old age and illness, retaining a Senior Grandee's salaryZhang Ou, Marquis of Xuanping, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies
130 BCEYear fiveZhai Gong served as Commandant of JusticeZheng Dangshi, formerly Director of the Household, was appointed Director of Grand Agriculture. He was dismissed eleven years laterHan Anguo, the former Grandee Secretary, was appointed Capital Commandant. He was transferred after one yearFan Xi served as Right Internal Clerk. Gongsun Hong, an Erudite, was appointed Left Internal Clerk. He was transferred four years later
129 BCEYear sixSima Dangshi served as Grand Master of CeremoniesCapital Commandant Han Anguo was transferred to Commandant of the Guards. Two years later he became a GeneralQiu served as Director of Grand ConductZhao Yu, a Palace Grandee, was appointed Capital Commandant
128 BCEYuanshuo, first year
127 BCEYear twoKong Zang, Marquis of Liao, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. Three years later he was dismissed because the Nanling Bridge collapsed, blocking the ceremonial route
126 BCEYear threeLeft Internal Clerk Gongsun Hong was appointed Grandee Secretary. He was transferred two years laterSu Jian served as Commandant of the GuardsZhang Tang, a Palace Grandee, was appointed Commandant of Justice. He was transferred five years laterMeng Ben served as Privy Treasurer. Li Xi served as Capital CommandantLi Ju served as Left Internal Clerk. In the fourth year he became a General
125 BCEYear fourLiu Qi served as Director of the Imperial ClanChan served as Privy TreasurerBen served as Right Internal Clerk
124 BCEYear fiveOn a yichou day in the eleventh month, Chancellor Xue Ze was dismissed. Grandee Secretary Gongsun Hong was appointed ChancellorOn a dingwei day in the fourth month, Fan Xi of Jiujiang, formerly Governor of Hedong, was appointed Grandee SecretaryZhang Dangju, Marquis of Shanyang, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. He was dismissed for fraudulently selecting candidatesCapital Commandant Zhao Yu was transferred to Privy Treasurer. Yin Rong took over as Capital CommandantLi Cai served as Commandant of Nobility RanksJi An, formerly Commandant of Nobility Ranks, was appointed Right Internal Clerk. He was dismissed five years later
123 BCEYear sixZhou Ping, Marquis of Sheng, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. Four years later he was dismissed for failing to maintain the imperial park mausoleaLi Guang, formerly Governor of You-Beiping, was appointed Director of the Gentlemen of the Palace. He was dismissed five years later
122 BCEYuanshou, first yearLi Cai, Marquis of Le'an, was appointed Grandee Secretary. He was transferred one year laterLi Xi served as Director of Grand ConductLiu Shou served as Director of the Imperial ClanSima An served as Capital CommandantZhu Maichen, formerly Governor of Kuaiji, was appointed Commandant of Nobility RanksChang served as Left Internal Clerk
121 BCEYear twoOn a wuyin day in the third month, Chancellor Gongsun Hong died. On a renchen day, Grandee Secretary Li Cai was appointed Chancellor
120 BCEYear threeOn a renchen day in the third month, Commandant of Justice Zhang Tang was appointed Grandee Secretary. Six years later he was convicted and took his own lifeHuo Qubing, Marquis of Guanjun, was appointed General of the Swift CavalryZhang Qian served as Commandant of the GuardsLi You, then An, then Yu each served in turn as Commandant of JusticeBa served as Capital CommandantZhao Shiqi served as Commandant of Nobility Ranks. In the second year he became a General
119 BCEYear fourGrand General Wei Qing was given the additional title of Grand Marshal. Huo Qubing, General of the Swift Cavalry, was likewise made Grand MarshalLi Xincheng, Marquis of Qi, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. Two years later he was dismissed for allowing Chancellor Li Cai to encroach on a public roadLiu Shou, Marquis of Shenyou, was appointed Director of the Imperial Clan. Two years later he was convicted of improperly handling imperial clan petitions. Yan Yi served as Director of Grand Agriculture. Two years later he was executed for the infamous charge of 'belly criticism.'Wang Wenshu, formerly Governor of Henei, was appointed Capital Commandant. He was transferred five years laterYang Pu, Deputy of the Capital Commandant, was appointed Commandant of Nobility RanksYi Zong, formerly Governor of Dingxiang, was appointed Right Internal Clerk. Two years later he was imprisoned and publicly executed
118 BCEYear fiveOn a jiawu day in the third month, Chancellor Li Cai was convicted and took his own life. On a yimao day in the fourth month, Yan Qingdi, Junior Mentor to the Heir Apparent, was appointed ChancellorLi Gan served as Director of the Gentlemen of the PalaceChongguo served as Commandant of the Guards. Three years later he was publicly executed for negligence during a purification fastSima An served as Commandant of Justice
117 BCEYear sixIn the ninth month, Grand Marshal Huo Qubing diedLuan Ben, Marquis of Yu, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. He was dismissed because the sacrificial animals did not meet the regulationsXu Ziwei served as Director of the Gentlemen of the Palace. After thirteen years, the title was changed to Superintendent of the Imperial HouseholdZheng Fu served as Director of Grand AgricultureWang Chao served as Right Internal Clerk
116 BCEYuanding, first yearWang Xin, Marquis of Gai, was appointed Grand Master of CeremoniesBa served as Commandant of JusticeSu Zong served as Right Internal Clerk
115 BCEYear twoOn a renchen day in the second month, Chancellor Yan Qingdi was convicted and took his own life. On a xinhai day in the same month, Zhao Zhou, Grand Mentor to the Heir Apparent, was appointed ChancellorOn a xinhai day in the second month, Shi Qing, Grand Mentor to the Heir Apparent, was appointed Grandee Secretary. He was transferred three years laterRen Yueren, Marquis of Guang'an, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. He was convicted because the wine at the ancestral temple had turned sourZhang Qian, formerly Commander of the Palace Gentlemen, was appointed Director of Grand Conduct. He died three years laterKong Jin served as Director of Grand AgricultureDang served as Privy Treasurer. Four years later he was imprisoned and diedZhang Ba served as Water Conservancy Commandant
114 BCEYear threeZhou Zhongju, Marquis of Dan, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. He was convicted for failing to collect the proper red-edged coins and instead collecting ordinary currencyCapital Commandant Wang Wenshu was moved to Commandant of Justice. After one year he was transferred back to Capital CommandantYin Qi, formerly Pass Commandant, was appointed Capital Commandant. After one year he was convicted
113 BCEYear fourZhang Guangguo, Marquis of Suiling, was appointed Grand Master of CeremoniesZhao Yu, the former Privy Treasurer, was appointed Commandant of Justice. Four years later he was demoted on account of old age and made Chancellor of YanLiu Anguo served as Director of the Imperial Clan. Ke served as Director of Grand AgricultureCommandant of Justice Wang Wenshu was transferred back to Capital Commandant. He was dismissed two years laterBao served as Water Conservancy CommandantLi Xincheng served as Right Internal Clerk. Er Kuan, a Palace Grandee, was appointed Left Internal Clerk. He was transferred three years later
112 BCEYear fiveOn a xinsi day in the ninth month, Chancellor Zhao Zhou was imprisoned and died. On a bingshen day, Grandee Secretary Shi Qing was appointed ChancellorZhou Jiande, Marquis of Pingqu, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. Du Xiang, Marquis of Yangping, later served as Grand Master of Ceremonies. Five years later he was convicted of unauthorized use of corvée labor from the Grand Music DirectorLu Bode served as Commandant of the Guards
111 BCEYear sixBu Shi, formerly Chancellor of Qi, was appointed Grandee Secretary. After one year he was demoted to Grand Mentor to the Heir ApparentZhang Cheng served as Director of Grand AgriculturePrivy Treasurer Bao was transferred to Capital Commandant
110 BCEYuanfeng, first yearLeft Internal Clerk Er Kuan was appointed Grandee Secretary. He died eight years laterYan Feng served as Water Conservancy CommandantXian Xuan, the Palace Deputy of the Censorate, was appointed Left Internal Clerk. He was dismissed six years later
109 BCEYear twoDu Zhou, the Palace Deputy of the Censorate, was appointed Commandant of Justice. He was dismissed eleven years laterWang Wenshu, the former Capital Commandant, was appointed Privy Treasurer. He was transferred three years later
108 BCEYear three
107 BCEYear fourXiao Shoucheng, Marquis of Zan, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. He was convicted because the sacrificial animals failed to meet the regulationsWater Conservancy Commandant De was transferredPrivy Treasurer Wang Wenshu was transferred to Right Internal Clerk. He was dismissed two years later
106 BCEYear fiveGrand General Wei Qing diedHan Yannian, Marquis of Cheng'an, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. Two years later he was convicted of detaining a foreign envoy and allowing ransom payments in grain
105 BCEYear sixPrivy Treasurer De was convicted and took his own life. Wang Wenshu, Commandant of the Right Adjunct, acted as Capital Commandant. Two years later his entire clan was imprisoned and executed
104 BCETaichu, first yearZhang Chang, Marquis of Suiling, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. Two years later he was convicted for deficiencies in the sacrificial ritesDirector of the Gentlemen Xu Ziwei had his title changed to Superintendent of the Imperial HouseholdHu Chongguo served as Grand HeraldThe title of Capital Commandant was changed to Bearer of the Golden MaceXian Xuan, the former Left Internal Clerk, was appointed Right Adjunct. Three years later he was imprisoned and took his own lifeWu Ji served as Governor of the Capital Region. Yin Zhou served as Left Adjunct
103 BCEYear twoOn a wuyin day in the first month, Chancellor Shi Qing died. On a dingchou day in the intercalary month, Grand Coachman Gongsun He was appointed ChancellorGongsun Jingsheng, formerly an Attendant-in-Ordinary, was appointed Grand Coachman. Twelve years later he was imprisoned and diedShangqiu Cheng served as Grand Herald. He was transferred twelve years laterWang Wei served as Privy Treasurer
102 BCEYear threeIn the first month, Yan Guang, formerly Governor of Jiaodong, was appointed Grandee SecretaryShi De, Marquis of Muqiu, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. Three years later he was convicted for the temple sacrificial animals being too thin, paying grain as ransomShangguan Jie, formerly Grain Search Commandant, was appointed Privy Treasurer. He was later dismissed due to old age
101 BCEYear four
100 BCETianhan, first yearWang Qing of Langya, formerly Governor of Jinan, was appointed Grandee Secretary. Two years later he was convicted and took his own lifeSang Hongyang served as Grand Minister of Agriculture. Four years later he was demoted to Grain Search Commandant
99 BCEYear twoZhao Di, Marquis of Xinzhi, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. Five years later he was convicted for conducting unjust prison investigationsDu Zhou, the former Commandant of Justice, was appointed Bearer of the Golden Mace. He was transferred one year later
98 BCEYear threeIn the second month, Bearer of the Golden Mace Du Zhou was appointed Grandee Secretary. He died four years laterWu Zun served as Commandant of Justice
97 BCEYear fourFan Fangqu Zhongweng of Pei, formerly Governor of Hongnong, was appointed Bearer of the Golden MaceHan Buhai served as Left Adjunct
96 BCETaishi, first yearGuo Ju served as Commandant of JusticeThe Grand Minister of Agriculture
95 BCEYear twoChongguo served as Privy TreasurerShou served as Water Conservancy Commandant
94 BCEYear threeIn the third month, Bao Shengzhi Gongzi, a Grandee of the Glorious Emolument from Hedong, was appointed Grandee Secretary. Three years later he was imprisoned and took his own lifeWei Tuguang, Marquis of Rongcheng, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. He was later transferred to Commandant of AndingJiang Chong, a Direct Appointee Envoy, was appointed Water Conservancy Commandant. Five years later he was killed by the Heir Apparent
93 BCEYear fourJin Shi, Marquis of Jiangdu, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. Four years later he was dismissed for visiting the imprisoned former Grand Coachman Gongsun Jingsheng, violating the hierarchy of ranks
92 BCEZhenghe, first yearChang served as Commandant of JusticeGongsun Yi, a Grandee of the Glorious Emolument, served as acting Privy Treasurer
91 BCEYear twoOn a renshen day in the fourth month, Chancellor Gongsun He was imprisoned and died. On a dingsi day in the fifth month, Liu Quli, formerly Governor of Zhuo Commandery, was appointed Left ChancellorIn the ninth month, Grand Herald Shangqiu Cheng was appointed Grandee Secretary. Four years later he was convicted of sorcery and took his own lifeSuperintendent of the Imperial Household Han Yue was killed by the Heir ApparentXin served as Commandant of JusticeGovernor of the Capital Region Yu Jiyan was convicted of treason and put to death
90 BCEYear threeOn a renyin day in the sixth month, Chancellor Liu Quli was imprisoned and executed by waist-severingLi Shou, Marquis of Han, served as Commandant of the Guards. He was convicted of leaving the Chang'an boundary without authorization while on garrison duty and ordering the murder of a person. He was imprisoned and diedYi served as Commandant of JusticeTian Qianqiu, a Gentleman at the Gao Temple, was appointed Grand Herald. He was transferred one year later
89 BCEYear fourOn a dingsi day in the sixth month, Grand Herald Tian Qianqiu was appointed ChancellorLi Zhonggen, Marquis of Miao, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. Eleven years later he was convicted of sorcery and executedYou Lu served as Superintendent of the Imperial HouseholdGrand Herald Dai Ren was convicted of sorcery and executed. Tian Guangming, formerly Governor of Huaiyang, was appointed Grand Herald. He was transferred five years laterWang Xin, Commandant of the Right Adjunct, was appointed Right Adjunct. He was transferred nine years later
88 BCEHouyuan, first yearBu Hai served as acting Commandant of the GuardsGovernor of the Capital Region Jian was convicted of sorcery and executed by waist-severing
87 BCEYear twoOn a dingmao day in the second month, Huo Guang — Attendant-in-Ordinary and Commandant of Imperial Carriages — was appointed Grand Marshal and Grand GeneralOn a yimao day in the second month, Grain Search Commandant Sang Hongyang was appointed Grandee Secretary. Seven years later he was convicted of plotting rebellion and executedJin Midi, Attendant-in-Ordinary and Commandant of the Consort's Cavalry, was appointed General of Chariots and Cavalry. He died one year later. Grand Coachman Shangguan Jie became Left General. Seven years later he rebelled and was executedWei Buhai, Marquis of Dangtu, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. Six years later he was dismissed because a gust of wind damaged the roof tiles at Emperor Wen's templeYi served as acting Commandant of the GuardsThe Grand Coachman post was combined with the Left General's officeBearer of the Golden Mace Guo Guangyi was dismissed
86 BCEEmperor Zhao, Shiyuan first yearZhang Anshi, Director of the Masters of Documents, was appointed Superintendent of the Imperial Household. He was transferred six years laterWang Mang Zhishu of Tianshui served as Commandant of the Guards. He was transferred three years laterLi Zhongjizhu of Luoyang, formerly Colonel of the Capital Jurisdiction, was appointed Commandant of Justice. Four years later he was convicted of false accusations, imprisoned, and publicly executedMa Shi Jianzi Meng of Hedong served as Bearer of the Golden Mace. Six years later he was convicted of murder, imprisoned, and took his own lifeLü Bihu served as Water Conservancy Commandant. Five years later he became Governor of YunzhongJun Buyi, formerly Regional Inspector of Qingzhou, was appointed Governor of the Capital Region. He was dismissed due to illness five years later
85 BCEYear twoLiu Biqiang, a Grandee of the Glorious Emolument, was appointed Director of the Imperial Clan. He died just a few months later
84 BCEYear threeXu Ren Zhongsun of Qi, formerly Governor of Jiaoxi, was appointed Privy Treasurer. Six years later he was convicted of conniving with rebels and took his own life
83 BCEYear fourCommandant of the Guards Wang Mang was made Right General while retaining the Commandant post. He died three years later. Shangguan An, Cavalry Commandant, was appointed General of Chariots and Cavalry. Three years later he rebelled and was executedGrand Herald Tian Guangming was transferred to Commandant of the Guards. He was moved again five years later
82 BCEYear fiveWang Ping Zixin of Qi, a Military Rectifier, was appointed Commandant of Justice. Four years later he was convicted of sheltering rebellion plotters, imprisoned, and publicly executed
81 BCEYear sixJiang De, Marquis of Laoyang, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. Four years later he was dismissed because temple gentlemen drank at night and started a fireYang Chang, Marshal of the Grand General, was appointed Grand Minister of Agriculture. He was transferred four years laterFan Fu served as acting Governor of the Capital Region
80 BCEYuanfeng, first yearOn a gengwu day in the ninth month, Right Adjunct Wang Xin was appointed Grandee Secretary. He was transferred three years laterSuperintendent of the Imperial Household Zhang Anshi was made Right General while retaining the Superintendent post. He was transferred six years laterThe Superintendent of the Imperial Household post was combined with the Right General's officeDu Yannian, a Remonstrant Grandee, was appointed Grand Coachman. He was dismissed fifteen years laterLiu De, a Grand Palace Grandee, was appointed Director of the Imperial Clan. He was dismissed after just a few monthsKun Xin served as Bearer of the Golden MaceZhao Chongguo, Commander of the Palace Gentlemen, was appointed Water Conservancy Commandant. He was transferred six years laterJia Shenghu served as Left Adjunct. Two years later he was convicted of conniving with rebellion plotters and publicly executed
79 BCEYear two
78 BCEYear threeFan Mingyou, Commander of the Palace Gentlemen, was appointed General for Crossing the Liao and concurrent Commandant of the Guards. He was transferred twelve years laterThe Commandant of the Guards post was combined with the General's officeXia Guo served as Commandant of JusticeLiu De, formerly Regional Inspector of Qingzhou, was appointed Director of the Imperial Clan. He died twenty-two years laterCai Yi, a Grandee of the Glorious Emolument, was appointed Privy Treasurer. He was transferred three years laterCommandant of the Guards Tian Guangming was transferred to Left Adjunct. He was moved again four years later
77 BCEYear fourOn a jiaxu day in the first month, Chancellor Tian Qianqiu died. On a yichou day in the second month, Grandee Secretary Wang Xin was appointed ChancellorOn a yichou day in the second month, Grand Minister of Agriculture Yang Chang was appointed Grandee Secretary. He was transferred two years laterSu Chang, Marquis of Pu, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. Eleven years later he was dismissed for being implicated in Huo Shan's letters as having leaked secret documentsZhao Pengzu of Pingyuan, formerly Governor of Henei, was appointed Grand Minister of Agriculture. He died three years laterPengzu served as Governor of the Capital Region
76 BCEYear fiveOn a gengxu day in the twelfth month, Chancellor Wang Xin diedZhu Shou Shaole of Huaiyang, formerly Governor of Julu, was appointed Commandant of Justice. He was publicly executed for having Attendant-in-Ordinary Xing Yuan imprisoned and covertly ordering officials to kill himWei Xian, formerly Director of the Household, was appointed Grand Herald. Four years later he became Changxin Privy TreasurerLi Shou, formerly Governor of Pei, was appointed Bearer of the Golden Mace
75 BCEYear sixOn a jichou day in the eleventh month, Grandee Secretary Yang Chang was appointed ChancellorIn the eleventh month, Privy Treasurer Cai Yi was appointed Grandee Secretary. He was transferred one year laterLi Guang served as Commandant of Justice. He was dismissed four years laterTian Yannian, formerly Governor of Hedong, was appointed Grand Minister of Agriculture. Three years later he was convicted and took his own lifeBian Lecheng was appointed Privy Treasurer. He died four years laterZhou De served as Right Adjunct
74 BCEYuanping, first yearOn a jisi day in the eighth month, Chancellor Yang Chang died. On a wuxu day in the ninth month, Grandee Secretary Cai Yi was appointed ChancellorOn a wuxu day in the ninth month, Left Adjunct Tian Guangming was appointed Grandee Secretary. Three years later he became General of QilianRight General Zhang Anshi was appointed General of Chariots and Cavalry with concurrent Superintendent post. He was transferred seven years later. Water Conservancy Commandant Zhao Chongguo became Rear General. Han Zeng, Water Conservancy Commandant and Grandee, became Front General and served for thirteen years before being transferredYanshou served as Bearer of the Golden MaceWu served as Left Adjunct
73 BCEEmperor Xuan, Benshi first yearCheng, Chancellor of Guangling, served as acting Governor of the Capital Region
72 BCEYear twoSong Chou Wengyi of Donghai, formerly Director of the Household, was appointed Grand Herald. He was transferred two years laterWei Xiang, formerly Governor of Henan, was appointed Grand Minister of Agriculture. He was transferred one year laterErudite Hou Cang was appointed Privy Treasurer, serving for two years. Bi Bing served as Bearer of the Golden Mace for three years
71 BCEYear threeOn a jichou day in the sixth month, Chancellor Cai Yi died. On a jiachen day, Wei Xian, the Changxin Privy Treasurer, was appointed ChancellorOn a jiachen day in the sixth month, Grand Minister of Agriculture Wei Xiang was appointed Grandee Secretary. He was transferred four years laterLi Yi served as Commandant of JusticeChunyu Ci served as Grand Minister of AgricultureE served as Privy TreasurerYu Dingguo, a Grandee of the Glorious Emolument, was appointed Water Conservancy Commandant. He was transferred two years laterZhao Guanghan, formerly Governor of Yingchuan, was appointed Governor of the Capital Region. Six years later he was imprisoned and executed by waist-severing
70 BCEYear fourLiang, formerly Governor of Shanyang, was appointed Grand HeraldLeft Adjunct Song Chou was appointed Privy Treasurer. Six years later he was demoted to Grand Mentor of Sishui for remarking that phoenixes had descended at Pengcheng but not yet reached the capital — insufficient grounds for celebrationZhu Shanfu, formerly Chancellor of Liu'an, was appointed Right Adjunct. One year later he was imprisoned and diedGrand Herald Song Chou was transferred to Left Adjunct, serving one year. Yan then served as Left Adjunct for three years before being dismissed
69 BCEDijie, first yearYu Dingguo, Water Conservancy Commandant and Grandee, was appointed Commandant of Justice. He served for seventeen years before being transferredZhu Fu served as Water Conservancy Commandant. Bo served as Right Adjunct
68 BCEYear twoOn a gengwu day in the third month, Grand Marshal Huo Guang diedHuo Yu, Attendant-in-Ordinary and Commander of the Palace Gentlemen, was appointed Right General. He was transferred one year laterZhi Yuan served as Bearer of the Golden MaceGuang, formerly Governor of Yingchuan, was appointed Right Adjunct and served for three years
67 BCEYear threeOn a jiashen day in the first month, Chancellor Wei Xian was awarded gold and dismissed. On a renchen day in the sixth month, Grandee Secretary Wei Xiang was appointed ChancellorOn a wushen day in the fourth month, Zhang Anshi was made Grand Marshal and General of Chariots and Cavalry. On a wuxu day in the seventh month, his title was changed to Grand Marshal and General of the Guards. Huo Yu became Grand Marshal but on a renchen day in the seventh month, he was imprisoned and executed by waist-severingOn a xinchou day in the sixth month, Bing Ji, Grand Mentor to the Heir Apparent, was appointed Grandee Secretary. He was transferred eight years laterFan Mingyou, General for Crossing the Liao and Commandant of the Guards, was appointed Superintendent. One year later he was convicted of plotting rebellion and executedFu served as Grand Minister of AgricultureYannian served as Bearer of the Golden MaceGuan served as Left Adjunct
66 BCEYear fourRen Gong, Marquis of Yiyang, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. Four years later he was dismissed after someone stole items from the Maoling mausoleum parkZhu Yi, formerly Governor of Beihai, was appointed Grand Minister of Agriculture. He died four years laterGong Sui, formerly Governor of Bohai, was appointed Water Conservancy CommandantRang, formerly Governor of Yingchuan, was appointed Left Adjunct
65 BCEYuankang, first yearZhang Yanshou, formerly Governor of Beihai, was appointed Grand Coachman. He was dismissed due to illness four years laterXiao Wangzhi, formerly Governor of Pingyuan, was appointed Privy Treasurer. He was transferred one year laterYin Wenggui, formerly Governor of Donghai, was appointed Right Adjunct. He died four years laterYi, Governor of Pengcheng, served as acting Governor of the Capital Region
64 BCEYear twoGuang Yi served as Bearer of the Golden MacePrivy Treasurer Xiao Wangzhi was transferred to Left Adjunct. He was moved again three years later
63 BCEYear threeHuang Ba, Governor of Yingchuan, served as acting Governor of the Capital Region for a few months before returning to his former post
62 BCEYear fourOn a bingyin day in the eighth month, Grand Marshal Zhang Anshi diedSu Chang, Marquis of Pu, was reappointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. He was dismissed due to illness six years laterLi Qiang Zhongjun, a Grand Palace Grandee, served as acting Privy Treasurer. He was transferred three years laterFeng Fengshi, a Grandee of the Glorious Emolument, was appointed Water Conservancy Commandant. He served for fourteen years before being transferred
61 BCEShenjue, first yearFront General Han Zeng was appointed Grand Marshal and General of Chariots and CavalryYang Yun, Commander of the Palace Gentlemen, was appointed Superintendent of the Imperial Household. He was dismissed five years laterDai Changle served as Grand Coachman. He was dismissed five years laterLeft Adjunct Xiao Wangzhi was appointed Grand Herald. He was transferred two years laterWang Yu served as Grand Minister of Agriculture. He was transferred four years laterChen Wannian, formerly Governor of Guangling, was appointed Right Adjunct. He was transferred five years laterZhang Chang, formerly Chancellor of Jiaodong, was appointed Governor of the Capital Region. He was dismissed eight years later. Qiang served as Left Adjunct for three years before being dismissed
60 BCEYear twoZhao Chongguo served as Rear GeneralZhong served as Commandant of the GuardsXian, formerly Governor of Nanyang, was appointed Bearer of the Golden Mace
59 BCEYear threeOn a bingwu day in the third month, Chancellor Wei Xiang died. On a wuxu day in the fourth month, Grandee Secretary Bing Ji was appointed ChancellorOn a jiazi day in the seventh month, Grand Herald Xiao Wangzhi was appointed Grandee Secretary. Three years later he was demoted to Grand Mentor to the Heir ApparentPrivy Treasurer Li Qiang was transferred to Grand HeraldLiangqiu He, a Grandee of the Glorious Emolument, was appointed Privy TreasurerHan Yanshou, formerly Governor of Dongjun, was appointed Left Adjunct. Two years later he was imprisoned and publicly executed
58 BCEYear fourWei Xuancheng, formerly Governor of Henei, was appointed Commandant of the Guards. He was transferred two years later
57 BCEWufeng, first yearGrand Minister of Agriculture Wang Yu was transferred to Grand HeraldYan served as Grand Minister of AgricultureXin, Governor of Bohai, served as acting Left Adjunct
56 BCEYear twoOn a jichou day in the fourth month, Grand Marshal Han Zeng died. In the fifth month, Xu Yanshou, General of the Strong Crossbows, was appointed Grand Marshal and General of Chariots and CavalryOn a renwu day in the eighth month, Huang Ba, Grand Mentor to the Heir Apparent, was appointed Grandee Secretary. He was transferred one year laterCommandant of the Guards Wei Xuancheng was transferred to Grand Master of Ceremonies. He was dismissed two years laterHong served as Commandant of the GuardsRight Adjunct Chen Wannian was appointed Grand Coachman. He was transferred five years laterLiu Ding served as Director of the Imperial ClanYanshou, Governor of Wuyuan, served as acting Left Adjunct
55 BCEYear threeOn a guimao day in the first month, Chancellor Bing Ji died. On a renshen day in the second month, Grandee Secretary Huang Ba was appointed ChancellorOn a xinyou day in the sixth month, Du Yannian, formerly Governor of Xihe, was appointed Grandee Secretary. Three years later he was dismissed due to illness, granted a comfortable carriage and a team of four horsesTian Tingtian served as Bearer of the Golden Mace. He was transferred three years later
54 BCEYear four
53 BCEGanlu, first yearOn a dingsi day in the third month, Grand Marshal Xu Yanshou diedSu Chang, Marquis of Pu, was reappointed Grand Master of Ceremonies for the third time. He was dismissed due to illness two years later
52 BCEYear twoOn a jichou day in the fifth month, Commandant of Justice Yu Dingguo was appointed Grandee Secretary. He was transferred one year laterBearer of the Golden Mace Tian Tingtian was transferred to Commandant of Justice. He was moved again three years laterChonglang, Chancellor of Guangchuan, served as acting Left Adjunct
51 BCEYear threeOn a jichou day in the second month, Chancellor Huang Ba died. On a jiawu day in the fifth month, Grandee Secretary Yu Dingguo was appointed ChancellorOn a jiawu day in the fifth month, Grand Coachman Chen Wannian was appointed Grandee Secretary. He died seven years laterDu Huan, Marquis of Jianping and Governor of Yanmen, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. In the seventh year, he was dismissed on the charge that banditry was too rampantBing Xian, Marquis of Boyang, was appointed Grand Coachman. One year later, he became Commandant of the Jianzhang Guards
50 BCEYear fourChang Hui, Director of Dependent States, was appointed General of the Right. He died four years laterShun served as Commandant of the GuardsJin Shang, Marquis of Du, was appointed Palace Attendant and Grand Coachman. He was transferred seven years laterJia, Chancellor of Zhongshan, concurrently served as acting Commandant of JusticePing served as Bearer of the Golden MaceWu served as Right AdjunctCheng served as Governor of the Capital Region
49 BCEHuanglong, first yearOn a guiyou day in the twelfth month, Shi Gao, Marquis of Leling and a Palace Attendant, was appointed Grand Marshal and General of Chariots and CavalryXiao Wangzhi, Grand Tutor to the Heir Apparent, was appointed General of the Van. One year later he became Superintendent of the Imperial Household, and two years after that he was dismissedXie Yannian served as Commandant of JusticeChang served as Left Adjunct
48 BCEEmperor Xiaoyuan, Chuyuan, first yearThe Superintendent of the Imperial Household held a concurrent generalshipWang Jie, Marquis of Pingchang, was appointed Commandant of the Guards. He was transferred five years laterXian served as Grand Herald for eleven yearsLiu Gengsheng, a Remonstrant Grandee on Cavalcade, was appointed Director of the Imperial Clan and dismissed two years later. Hong served as Grand Minister of AgricultureWei Xuancheng, Commandant of Huaiyang, was appointed Privy Treasurer and after two years became Grand Tutor to the Heir Apparent. Feng Fengshi, Superintendent of Waterways and Parks, was appointed Bearer of the Golden Mace and transferred two years laterFeng Fengshi served as Superintendent of Waterways and ParksChen Sui, Governor of Taiyuan, was appointed Governor of the Capital Region. He was transferred one year later
47 BCEYear twoShang served as Superintendent of the Imperial HouseholdChen Sui, then Governor of the Capital Region, was appointed Commandant of Justice. He died two years laterChonglang served as Grand Minister of AgricultureFan, a man of Dai Commandery, served as Governor of the Capital Region. Acting Left Adjunct Yan was dismissed
46 BCEYear threeFeng Fengshi, then Bearer of the Golden Mace, was appointed General of the Right. Three years later he became Director of Dependent States, and two years after that he became Superintendent of the Imperial Household. Xu Jia, who held the posts of Palace Attendant and Commandant of the Guards, was appointed General of the Right and transferred five years laterZhou Kan, a Palace Grandee, was appointed Superintendent of the Imperial Household. Three years later he was demoted to Governor of HedongLi Yanshou of Nanjun, styled Zihui, serving as Chancellor's Rectifier, was appointed Bearer of the Golden Mace. He was transferred nine years laterZheng Hong, Chancellor of Huaiyang, was appointed Right Adjunct and transferred four years later
45 BCEYear fourRen Qianqiu, Marquis of Yiyang, courtesy name Changbo, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. Four years later he commanded troops as a generalYin Zhong of Wei Commandery, styled Bin, served as Commandant of Justice. In the fourteenth year he became Palace Grandee in charge of the various officialsYan served as Privy Treasurer and was dismissed two years laterCheng served as Governor of the Capital Region
44 BCEYear fiveOn a xinyou day in the sixth month, Gong Yu, Privy Treasurer of Changxin Palace, was appointed Grandee Secretary; he died on a dingwei day in the twelfth month. On a dingsi day, Xue Guangde, also Privy Treasurer of Changxin Palace, was appointed Grandee Secretary. One year later, he was dismissed because of illness and granted a comfortable carriage with a four-horse teamLiu Pengzu, Governor of Henan, was appointed Left Adjunct. Two years later he was transferred to Grand Tutor to the Heir Apparent
43 BCEYongguang, first yearOn a wuyin day in the eleventh month, Chancellor Dingguo was dismissed and granted gold, a comfortable carriage, and a four-horse teamOn a guiwei day in the seventh month, Grand Marshal Gao was dismissed with a grant of gold, a comfortable carriage, and a four-horse team. On a wuzi day in the ninth month, Wang Jie, Palace Attendant and Commandant of the Guards, was appointed Grand Marshal and General of Chariots and CavalryOn a xinhai day in the seventh month, Wei Xuancheng, Grand Tutor to the Heir Apparent, was appointed Grandee Secretary. He was transferred one year laterJin Shang, Grand Coachman, was appointed Superintendent of the Imperial Household. He died one year laterYun served as Commandant of the GuardsBing Xian, former Commandant of the Jianzhang Guards, was appointed Grand Coachman. He was dismissed ten years laterYao served as Grand Minister of AgricultureOuyang Yu, who held the posts of Palace Attendant and Palace Grandee, was appointed Privy Treasurer and died five years later
42 BCEYear twoOn a dingyou day in the second month, Grandee Secretary Wei Xuancheng was appointed ChancellorOn a dingyou day in the second month, Right Adjunct Zheng Hong was appointed Grandee Secretary. Five years later, after being charged with an offense, he took his own lifePalace Grandee Fei Diao was appointed Grand Minister of AgricultureQiang served as Right Adjunct for five yearsFeng Yewang, Governor of Longxi, was appointed Left Adjunct. He was transferred five years later
41 BCEYear threeOn a guiwei day in the fourth month, Grand Marshal Jie died. On a renxu day in the seventh month, Xu Jia, then General of the Left and Commandant of the Guards, was appointed Grand Marshal and General of Chariots and CavalryFengshi, General of the Right, became General of the Left and Superintendent of the Imperial Household, and died two years later. Wang Shang, Palace Attendant and General of the Palace Gentlemen, was appointed General of the Right and transferred eleven years later
40 BCEYear fourLiu Lin served as Director of the Imperial ClanFu served as Superintendent of Waterways and ParksZhang Tan of Langye, a Palace Grandee known by the style name Zhongshu, was appointed Governor of the Capital Region. Four years later he was dismissed for failing to meet the demands of the office
39 BCEYear five
38 BCEJianzhao, first yearKuang Heng, Junior Tutor to the Heir Apparent, was appointed Superintendent of the Imperial Household. He was transferred one year laterWulu Chongzong, Director of the Secretariat, was appointed Privy Treasurer. Five years later he was demoted to Governor of XuantuThe Right Adjunct
37 BCEYear twoOn a guihai day in the eighth month, Kuang Heng, then Superintendent of the Imperial Household and a Cavalcade Palace Grandee over the various officials, was appointed Grandee Secretary. He was transferred one year laterYu Yong, Marquis of Xiping and an official of the Left Section, was appointed Superintendent of the Imperial Household. He was transferred sixteen years laterLi Yanshou, then Bearer of the Golden Mace, was appointed Commandant of the Guards. He was transferred one year laterFeng Yewang, Left Adjunct, was appointed Grand Herald. Five years later he became Governor of Shang CommanderyGuo Yan served as Left Adjunct
36 BCEYear threeOn a jiachen day in the sixth month, Chancellor Xuancheng died. On a guihai day in the seventh month, Grandee Secretary Kuang Heng was appointed ChancellorOn a Wuchen day in the seventh month, Li Yanshou, Commandant of the Guards, was appointed Grandee Secretary and died three years later. One account records his surname as FanWang Feng, Marquis of Yangping, was appointed Palace Attendant and Commandant of the Guards. He was transferred three years later
35 BCEYear fourBing Yu, General of the Palace Gentlemen, served as Superintendent of Waterways and Parks for five years
34 BCEYear fiveWang Chang, Governor of the Capital Region, courtesy name Bin, was transferred after two years to serve as Governor of Yanmen
33 BCEJingning, first yearOn a jiwei day in the sixth month, Wang Feng, then Palace Attendant and Commandant of the Guards, was appointed Grand Marshal and General-in-ChiefOn a bingyin day in the third month, Zhang Tan, Junior Tutor to the Heir Apparent, was appointed Grandee Secretary. Three years later he was dismissed for irregularities in official recommendationsTan served as Grand CoachmanLiu Qingji, Marquis of Yangcheng, courtesy name Ningjun, was appointed Director of the Imperial Clan. He was transferred three years laterZhao Xinchen, Governor of Henan, was appointed Privy Treasurer and moved to another post two years later. Wang Zhang, Marquis of Anping and Middle Privy Treasurer, courtesy name Ziran, was appointed Bearer of the Golden Mace and transferred three years later
32 BCEEmperor Xiaocheng, Jianshi, first yearJu Pu, Marquis of Qi, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies and died a few months laterWang Bajun served as Commandant of the GuardsWen Shun, Governor of Changshan, courtesy name Zijiao, was appointed Right Adjunct. He was transferred one year laterSong Ping, Governor of Hongnong, courtesy name Cijun, was appointed Governor of the Capital Region. Bi Zhong, Governor of Henan, was appointed Left Adjunct
31 BCEYear twoLiu Qingji, Director of the Imperial Clan, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. Five years later he was dismissed because of illnessWang Zhang, then Bearer of the Golden Mace, was appointed Grand Coachman. Five years later he was dismissed because of illnessHe Shou, Governor of Shu Commandery, was appointed Commandant of Justice and moved to another post four years laterHao Shang served as Grand Herald and moved to another post two years laterWen Shun, Right Adjunct, was appointed Privy Treasurer. Two years later, he was imprisoned and convicted for buying public land in concert with favored courtiers. Ren Qianqiu, Marquis of Yiyang, courtesy name Changbo, was appointed Bearer of the Golden Mace and transferred one year laterJue served as Superintendent of Waterways and Parks. Rang, Governor of Taiyuan, was appointed Right AdjunctZhen Zun of Duling, courtesy name Shaogong, then Governor of Hedong, was appointed Governor of the Capital Region. Two years later he was demoted to Governor of Henan
30 BCEYear threeOn a dingchou day in the twelfth month, Chancellor Heng was removed from officeOn a guichou day in the eighth month, Grand Marshal Jia was dismissed with a grant of goldOn a yimao day in the tenth month, Yin Zhong, Palace Grandee of the Left Section over the various officials, was appointed Grandee Secretary. One year later, blamed for a river dike breach, he took his own lifeWang Shang, General of the Right, was appointed General of the Left and transferred a year later. Qianqiu, Bearer of the Golden Mace, became General of the Right and was likewise transferred after one yearLiu Tong served as Director of the Imperial ClanWang Chang, Governor of Nanyang, was appointed Right Adjunct and dismissed three years later
29 BCEYear fourOn a jiashen day in the third month, Wang Shang, General of the Right, was appointed ChancellorOn a renxu day in the eleventh month, Privy Treasurer Zhang Zhong was appointed Grandee Secretary. He died six years laterQianqiu, General of the Right, became General of the Left and died three years later. Shi Dan, Commandant of the Guards at Changle Palace, was appointed General of the Right and transferred after three yearsHan, Governor of Henan, was appointed Grand Herald and dismissed one year laterZhang Zhong of Julu, Chancellor of Dongping and courtesy name Zigan, was appointed Privy Treasurer and transferred in the eleventh monthWang Zun, acting Commandant of the Capital District, was appointed Governor of the Capital Region and dismissed two years later. Hao Shang, Grand Herald, was appointed Left Adjunct, but in the ninth month his sentence was fixed at one degree below death
28 BCEHeping, first yearWang Xuan, courtesy name Zhongdu, served as Commandant of the GuardsLiu Shun of Donglai, Governor of Qiancheng, was appointed Director of the Imperial Clan. Four years later he was dismissed for directing the Marquis of Heyang to recommend his sonWang Jun, Director of Retainers, was appointed Privy Treasurer and moved after seven years. Fu served as Bearer of the Golden MaceWang Xun served as Superintendent of Waterways and ParksHan Xun of Duling, courtesy name Changbin, was appointed Left Adjunct and after three years became Privy Treasurer
27 BCEYear twoFan Yanshou of Ancheng, Governor of Beihai and courtesy name Zilu, was appointed Commandant of Justice. He died eight years laterHe Shou, Commandant of Justice, was appointed Grand Minister of AgricultureWang Shang of Pingyuan, Governor of Hanzhong and courtesy name Shaogong, was appointed Right Adjunct. He was dismissed three years laterSong Deng of Qi, Chancellor of Chu, was appointed Governor of the Capital Region. Three years later he was demoted to Commandant of Donglai, but before departing he was jailed for divulging confidential court discussions and took his own life
26 BCEYear threeDan, General of the Right, became General of the Left and died thirteen years later. Wang Zhang, Grand Coachman, was appointed General of the RightWang Xian, Marquis of Yichun and courtesy name Changbo, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies but dismissed after a year because of illness. Wang Lin, Marquis of Pingchang, then became Grand Master of Ceremonies and died six years laterWang Yin, who held the posts of Palace Attendant and General of the Palace Gentlemen, was appointed Grand Coachman and transferred three years laterXin Qingji, Palace Grandee of the Right Section, was appointed Bearer of the Golden Mace. Four years later he was demoted to Governor of YunzhongPalace Grandee Wu was appointed Left Adjunct
25 BCEYear fourOn a renyin day in the fourth month, Chancellor Shang was dismissed. On a bingwu day in the sixth month, Zhang Yu, Cavalcade Palace Grandee over the various officials, was appointed ChancellorWei Anshi, a Grandee, was appointed Grand Herald. Two years later he became Commandant of the Guards at Changle PalaceJin Chang, Palace Attendant and Commandant of Imperial Carriages, was appointed Superintendent of Waterways and Parks. He was transferred one year laterWang Zhang, Director of Retainers, was appointed Governor of the Capital Region. One year later he was imprisoned and died
24 BCEYangshuo, first yearJin Chang, Palace Attendant and Superintendent of Waterways and Parks, was appointed Commandant of the Guards and died four years laterLiu Wucheng, Governor of Changshan, was appointed Director of the Imperial Clan and died four years laterShun served as Superintendent of Waterways and Parks. Zhen Zun, Governor of Henei, was appointed Right Adjunct and transferred three years laterFeng Xinshaozi of Pingling, Governor of Hongnong, was appointed Governor of the Capital Region and after three years transferred to Governor of Chenliu. Xue Xuan was appointed Left Adjunct and transferred two years later
23 BCEYear twoOn a guimao day in the fourth month, Wang Yin, then Palace Attendant and Grand Coachman, was appointed Grandee Secretary. He was transferred one year laterShi Zhuguo Weigong was appointed Grand CoachmanXun served as Grand Herald
22 BCEYear threeOn a dingsi day in the eighth month, Grand Marshal Feng died. On a jiazi day in the ninth month, Grandee Secretary Wang Yin was appointed Grand Marshal and General of Chariots and CavalryOn a dingmao day in the eleventh month, Yu Yong, Superintendent of the Imperial Household and Cavalcade Palace Grandee for the various officials, was appointed Grandee Secretary. He died two years laterWang Zhang, General of the Right, was appointed Superintendent of the Imperial Household and died a few months laterZhen Zun, Right Adjunct, was appointed Grand CoachmanHan Li, Commandant of Cavalry Protecting the Western Regions, courtesy name Ziyuan, was appointed Bearer of the Golden Mace. Five years later he was dismissed for irregularities in official recommendationsGou Can of Henei, courtesy name Weishen, served in the Left Section as Superintendent of Waterways and Parks
21 BCEYear fourXin Qingji, Governor of Yunzhong, was appointed Superintendent of the Imperial Household and transferred four years laterFeng Xin, Governor of the Capital Region, was appointed Grand Coachman and transferred six years laterXue Xuan, Left Adjunct, was appointed Privy Treasurer and transferred in the second monthYu served as Superintendent of Waterways and Parks. Chunyu Xin, Governor of Taiyuan, courtesy name Zhongjun, was appointed Right AdjunctWang Jun, Privy Treasurer, was appointed Governor of the Capital Region and transferred one year later
20 BCEHongjia, first yearOn a gengxu day in the third month, Chancellor Yu was dismissed with a grant of gold, a comfortable carriage, and a four-horse team. On a gengchen day in the fourth month, Grandee Secretary Xue Xuan was appointed ChancellorOn a guisi day in the first month, Privy Treasurer Xue Xuan was appointed Grandee Secretary. On a gengchen day in the fourth month, Wang Jun, Governor of the Capital Region, was appointed Grandee Secretary and died five years laterXin Qingji, Superintendent of the Imperial Household, was appointed General of the RightShi Zhong, Marquis of Pingtai, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies but was dismissed for illness in the sixth month. Du Ye, Marquis of Jianping and courtesy name Jundu, then became Grand Master of Ceremonies and was dismissed seven years laterWang Xiang, Marquis of Yangping, was appointed Commandant of the Guards and moved to another post five years laterShen served as Grand HeraldLiu Qingji, Prefect of Qiancheng, was appointed Director of the Imperial Clan. In the sixth month, he was implicated in the Pingdu Princess's murder of her son and demoted to Governor of LiaodongWang Shang of Langye, Governor of Dongdu and courtesy name Zhongzi, was appointed Privy Treasurer and dismissed four years laterDeng Yi of Henei, Governor of Taiyuan and courtesy name Zihua, was appointed Governor of the Capital Region and a year later became Governor of Julu. Zhao Zengshou of Lujiang, courtesy name Gong, was appointed Left Adjunct and transferred one year later
19 BCEYear twoZhao Zengshou, Left Adjunct, was appointed Commandant of Justice. Five years later he was demoted to Commandant of ChangshanLiu Wei, Governor of Longxi and courtesy name Ziran, was appointed Governor of the Capital Region but died after one year. Man Qian of Maoling, Chancellor of Sishui and courtesy name Ziqiao, was appointed Left Adjunct and demoted after four years to Commandant of Hanzhong
18 BCEYear threeQingji, General of the Right, was appointed Superintendent of the Imperial Household and transferred four years later. The post of Superintendent of the Imperial Household was held concurrently with a general's commissionNiu Shang, Governor of Zhangye and courtesy name Zixia, was appointed Right Adjunct and dismissed four years laterZhai Fangjin, Chancellor's Rectifier, was appointed Governor of the Capital Region and transferred three years later
17 BCEYear fourHan Xun, Middle Privy Treasurer, was appointed Bearer of the Golden Mace and transferred four years later
16 BCEYongshi, first yearChen Xian, Governor of Nanyang, was appointed Privy Treasurer and dismissed two years laterChunyu Zhang served as Superintendent of Waterways and Parks and was dismissed three years later
15 BCEYear twoOn a jichou day in the tenth month, Chancellor Xuan was dismissed. On a renzi day in the eleventh month, Zhai Fangjin, Bearer of the Golden Mace, was appointed ChancellorOn a yisi day in the first month, Grand Marshal Yin died. On a dingyou day in the second month, Wang Shang, Marquis of Chengdu and holder of the rank of Palace Grandee, was appointed Grand Marshal and General of the GuardsOn a dingyou day in the third month, Zhai Fangjin, Governor of the Capital Region, was appointed Grandee Secretary, but in the eighth month he was demoted to Bearer of the Golden Mace. On a renzi day in the eleventh month, Kong Guang, Superintendent of the Imperial Household and Cavalcade Palace Grandee for the various officials, was appointed Grandee Secretary; seven years later he was demoted to Commandant of JusticeKong Guang, Cavalcade Palace Grandee over the various officials, was appointed Superintendent of the Imperial Household and transferred in the ninth month. Han Xun, Bearer of the Golden Mace, was likewise appointed Superintendent of the Imperial Household and transferred in the sixth monthFeng Xin, Grand Coachman, was appointed Commandant of the Guards and dismissed two years laterWang Xiang, Commandant of the Guards, was appointed Grand Coachman and dismissed because of illness three years laterPing Dang, Privy Treasurer of Changxin Palace, was appointed Grand Herald and transferred three years laterZhai Fangjin, Grandee Secretary, was appointed Bearer of the Golden Mace and transferred a month laterZixie of Chang'an, Director of the Imperial Clan and Governor of Xindu, was appointed Governor of the Capital Region and demoted two years later to Governor of Henan. Zhu Bo, Governor of Langye, was appointed Left Adjunct and transferred one year later
14 BCEYear threeXin Qingji, General of the Right, became General of the Left and died three years later. Han Xun, Superintendent of the Imperial Household, became General of the Right and died after one yearShi Dan, Privy Treasurer, was appointed Superintendent of the Imperial Household. Two years later he was transferred to the post of Palace Attendant and Palace GrandeeChen Qing, Governor of Langye and courtesy name Junqing, was appointed Commandant of Justice. One year later he became Privy Treasurer of Changxin PalaceLiu Taren, Governor of Shuofang, was appointed Director of the Imperial Clan. Zhu Bo, Left Adjunct, became Grand Minister of Agriculture, and after one year he became Governor of JianweiShi Dan, Palace Grandee, was appointed Privy Treasurer and transferred in the fifth month. Xu Shang, Director of the Heir Apparent's Household, became Privy Treasurer and after two years became Palace Attendant and Palace Grandee. Lian Bao of Jincheng, courtesy name Zishang, was appointed Bearer of the Golden Mace and transferred one year laterPeng Xuan, Grand Tutor of Dongping, was appointed Right Adjunct and transferred one year laterPang Zhensun of Duling, Governor of Henei, was appointed Left Adjunct and transferred three years later
13 BCEYear fourOn a gengshen day in the eleventh month, Grand Marshal Shang was dismissed with a grant of gold, a comfortable carriage, and a four-horse teamLian Bao, Bearer of the Golden Mace, was appointed General of the Right and dismissed five years laterXiao Zun, Marquis of Zan, was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies and died six years laterChunyu Zhang, Palace Attendant and Superintendent of Waterways and Parks, was appointed Commandant of the Guards and dismissed three years laterPeng Xuan, Right Adjunct, was appointed Commandant of Justice. Three years later, on grounds of his princely-state affiliation, he was reassigned as Governor of TaiyuanLiu Jiaoyoujun of Pei, Governor of Kuaiji, served as Director of the Imperial Clan for ten years. Yan Xinziqing, Governor of Runan, was appointed Grand Minister of Agriculture and died three years laterYin Cen, Protector of the Qiang Colonel and courtesy name Zihe, was appointed Bearer of the Golden Mace and transferred one year laterShi Lin of Yingchuan, a Palace Grandee with the style name Ziwei, was appointed Superintendent of Waterways and Parks and transferred in the eighth month. Lin, then Superintendent of Waterways and Parks, became Right Adjunct and after three years became Commandant of Pei CommanderyHe Wu, Director of Retainers, was appointed Governor of the Capital Region and demoted one year later to Internal Clerk of Chu
12 BCEYuanyan, first yearOn a renxu day in the first month, the Marquis of Chengdu, Wang Shang, was reinstated as Grand Marshal and General of the Guards. On a yiwei day in the twelfth month, he was elevated to Grand Marshal and Grand General, and on a xinhai day he died. On a gengshen day, Wang Gen, Superintendent of the Imperial Household, was appointed Grand Marshal and Piaoqi GeneralYin Cen, Bearer of the Golden Mace, was appointed General of the Right and died two years laterPing Dang, Grand Herald, was appointed Superintendent of the Imperial Household, but in the seventh month he was demoted to Governor of Julu for his earlier recommendations on Changling. Wang Gen, Marquis of Quyang, then became Superintendent of the Imperial Household and was transferred a month laterZhen Shun, Commandant of the Guard and courtesy name Zijie, was appointed Grand Coachman. Fan Long of Pingling, Governor of Donglai and courtesy name Weigong, was also appointed Grand Coachman and dismissed two years laterPang Zhen, Left Adjunct, was appointed Privy Treasurer and transferred four years later. Zhao Hu, Governor of Guanghan and courtesy name Zixia, was appointed Bearer of the Golden MaceZhao Biao, Palace Attendant and Palace Grandee with the style name Dabo, was appointed Palace Attendant and Superintendent of Waterways and Parks. He died three years laterWang Jian, Governor of Guangling, was appointed Governor of the Capital Region. Xu Rang, Governor of Henan and courtesy name Zizhang, was appointed Left Adjunct and dismissed four years later
11 BCEYear twoWang An, Marquis of Lechang and courtesy name Huigong, was appointed Superintendent of the Imperial Household, but was dismissed for illness after only a few monthsZhu Bo, Palace Grandee, was appointed Bearer of the Golden Mace and transferred one year laterXiao Yu, Governor of Taishan, served as acting Grand Herald and was reassigned after a few monthsSun Bao, Governor of Guangling, was appointed Governor of the Capital Region and dismissed one year later
10 BCEYear threeZhu Bo, Commandant of Justice, was appointed General of the Rear and dismissed two years laterZhao Xuan, Assistant Director of the Secretariat and courtesy name Shaoping, was appointed Superintendent of the Imperial Household. Two years later he became Grand Tutor to the Heir ApparentRen Hong, Commandant of the Guard and courtesy name Weigong, was appointed Grand Coachman and moved to another post two years laterHe Wu, Governor of Pei Commandery, was appointed Commandant of Justice and transferred two years laterWang Jia, Governor of Jiujiang, was appointed Grand Herald and transferred three years laterYao served as Grand Minister of AgricultureWang Chao of Nanyang, Superintendent of Waterways and Parks and courtesy name Jiaojun, was implicated three years later in the Chunyu Zhang suicide case. Xiao Yu, Governor of Taishan, while serving as acting Grand Herald, became Right Adjunct and was dismissed after three years
9 BCEYear fourGu Yong, Governor of Beidi, was appointed Grand Minister of Agriculture and dismissed one year later
8 BCESuihe, first yearOn a dingchou day in the fourth month, Gen, then Grand Marshal and Piaoqi General, was redesignated as Grand Marshal. On a jiayin day in the seventh month, he was dismissed with grants of gold, a comfortable carriage, and a four-horse team. On a bingyin day in the eleventh month, Wang Mang, then Palace Attendant, Cavalry Commandant, and Palace Grandee, was appointed Grand MarshalOn a wuwu day in the third month, He Wu, Commandant of Justice, was appointed Grandee Secretary. On a yimao day in the fourth month, he became Grand Minister of Works, and one year later he was dismissedKong Guang, Commandant of Justice, became General of the Left and was transferred one year later. Wang Xian, Bearer of the Golden Mace, became General of the Right and was likewise transferred after one yearShi Dan, Palace Attendant and Palace Grandee, became Cavalcade Superintendent of the Imperial Household over the various officials, and in the eleventh month became Grand Tutor to the Heir Apparent. Xu Shang, Grand Minister of Agriculture, became Superintendent of the Imperial Household and was transferred in the fourth monthZhao Xin, Marquis of Chengyang and courtesy name Junwei, served as Commandant of the Guards for six months. Zhao Xuan, then Palace Attendant, Palace Grandee, and Superintendent of Agriculture, became Commandant of the Guards and after one month moved to Middle Privy TreasurerWang Shun, Imperial Son-in-law Commandant, was appointed Grand Coachman and dismissed because of illness two years laterKong Guang, Grandee Secretary, became Commandant of Justice and was transferred in the ninth month. Pang Zhen, Privy Treasurer, became Commandant of Justice and two years later became Privy Treasurer of Changxin PalaceXu Shang, Palace Attendant and Palace Grandee, was appointed Grand Minister of Agriculture and transferred after only a few months. Peng Xuan, Governor of Taiyuan, then became Grand Minister of Agriculture and was transferred one year laterJia Yanchu of Pingling, Director of the Heir Apparent's Household and courtesy name Qing, served as Privy Treasurer for three years. Hong, Grand Coachman, became Bearer of the Golden Mace, but in the eleventh month was demoted to Governor of Dai Commandery. Wang Zang, Palace Grandee with the style name Yougong, then became Bearer of the Golden Mace and was transferred in the third month; Xie Yao of Nanyang, courtesy name Changping, was transferred after one yearZhen Feng, Capital District Commandant and courtesy name Changbo, was appointed Superintendent of Waterways and Parks. Two years later he became Chancellor of SishuiXue Xuan, Privy Treasurer of Changxin Palace, was appointed Governor of the Capital Region and demoted a year later to Chancellor of Huaiyang. Suiyi of Langye, Chancellor's Rectifier and courtesy name Zigan, became Left Adjunct, but was dismissed over irregularities in recommendations
7 BCEYear twoOn a renzi day in the second month, Chancellor Fangjin died. On a bingxu day in the third month, Kong Guang, General of the Left, was appointed ChancellorOn a dingmao day in the eleventh month, Grand Marshal Mang was dismissed with a grant of gold, a comfortable carriage, and a four-horse team. On a gengwu day, Shi Dan, General of the Left, became Grand Marshal and was transferred in the fourth monthOn a guiyou day in the tenth month, Grand Marshal Dan was appointed Grand Minister of Works and dismissed one year laterWang Xian, General of the Right, became General of the Left but was dismissed in the tenth month. Fu Xi, Commandant of the Guards, became General of the Right and in the eleventh month was dismissed with a grant of gold. Shi Dan, Grand Tutor to the Heir Apparent, became General of the Left and was transferred in the fifth month. Peng Xuan, Superintendent of the Imperial Household, became General of the Right and was transferred two years laterLiu Chang, Marquis of Anqiu, became Grand Master of Ceremonies. After four years, when illness struck, he was granted one hundred jin of gold, a comfortable carriage, and a four-horse team, then dismissed to return to his marquisatePeng Xuan, Grand Minister of Agriculture, became Superintendent of the Imperial Household and was transferred in the sixth month. Wang Neng, Commandant of the Guards, became Palace Attendant and Superintendent of the Imperial Household, and two years later was demoted to Hongnong after being implicated in Lü Kuan's suicideFu Xi, Middle Attendant to the Heir Apparent with the style name You, became Commandant of the Guards and was transferred in the second month. Wang Gong, Palace Attendant and Palace Grandee with the style name Ziji, also became Commandant of the Guards and was transferred in the second month. Ding Wang, Colonel of the City Gates, became Commandant of the Guards and was transferred three years laterXie Yao, Bearer of the Golden Mace, was appointed Grand Herald and moved to another post three years laterLiang Xiang of Hedong served as Grand Minister of Agriculture and was transferred one year laterYan Zong of Julu, Palace Grandee with the style name Junlan, became Bearer of the Golden Mace and died six years later. Sun Yun of Henei, Bearer of the Golden Mace and courtesy name Zishu, was transferred after three yearsFan Long, formerly Grand Coachman, became Right Adjunct and in the eighth month was made Governor of Jizhou. Ma Jia of Taishan, courtesy name Cijun, then became Right Adjunct and was dismissed one year laterZhu Bo, Palace Grandee, became Governor of the Capital Region and was transferred after a few months. Bing Han, also a Palace Grandee with the style name Youjun, became Governor of the Capital Region, but after a few months illness forced him into the post of Palace Grandee. Wang Jia, Grand Herald, then became Governor of the Capital Region and was transferred two years later
6 BCEEmperor Xiao'ai, Jianping, first yearOn a dingyou day in the fourth month, Fu Xi, then Palace Attendant and Palace Grandee, was appointed Grand MarshalOn a renwu day in the tenth month, Zhu Bo, Governor of the Capital Region, was appointed Grand Minister of WorksPeng Xuan, General of the Right, became General of the Left, but one year later was dismissed for arranging a marriage alliance with the King of HuaiyangLiang Xiang, Grand Minister of Agriculture, was appointed Commandant of Justice and two years later demoted to Commandant of DonghaiZuo Xian served as Grand Minister of Agriculture and moved to another post one year laterFang Shang of Donghai, Director of Retainers and courtesy name Junbin, was appointed Left Adjunct and transferred two years later
5 BCEYear twoOn a yiwei day in the fourth month, Chancellor Guang was dismissed. Grandee Secretary Zhu Bo became Chancellor, but on a jiaxu day in the eighth month, after being charged with an offense, he took his own life. On a jiayin day in the twelfth month, Grandee Secretary Ping Dang was appointed ChancellorOn a dingchou day in the second month, Grand Marshal Xi was dismissed. Ding Ming, Marquis of Yang'an, was appointed Grand Marshal and General of the GuardsOn a wuwu day in the fourth month, Bo, Grand Minister of Works, became Grandee Secretary, then was transferred on a yihai day. Capital Commandant Zhao Xuan became Grandee Secretary and in the fifth month was jailed pending trial. On a yiyou day in the ninth month, Ping Dang, Cavalcade Superintendent of the Imperial Household over the various officials, became Grandee Secretary and was transferred in the second month. On a bingyin day in the tenth month, Wang Jia, Governor of the Capital Region, became Grandee Secretary and was transferred one year laterDing Wang, Superintendent of the Imperial Household, became General of the Left and then died. Gongsun Lu, Bearer of the Golden Mace, became General of the Right and was transferred one year laterWang, Commandant of the Guards, became Superintendent of the Imperial Household and was transferred after one month. Ping Dang, Palace Grandee, became Superintendent of the Imperial Household and was transferred in the fourth monthJia Yan, Privy Treasurer, became Commandant of the Guards, but in the eleventh month returned to his former office. Sun Yun, Bearer of the Golden Mace, became Commandant of the Guards and was transferred four years laterDing Xian, Colonel of the City Gates and courtesy name Ziwei, was appointed Grand Coachman and transferred four years laterBi Shen of Yunyang, courtesy name Shishu, served as Grand Herald and moved to another post after five yearsJia Yan, Commandant of the Guards, became Privy Treasurer and was transferred one year later. Gongsun Lu of Yingchuan, General of the Palace Gentlemen of the Five Offices and courtesy name Zhongzi, became Bearer of the Golden MaceRang served as Palace Attendant and Superintendent of Waterways and Parks. Xie Yao, Grand Herald, became Right Adjunct and was transferred one year later
4 BCEYear threeOn a jiyou day in the third month, Chancellor Dang died. On a dingyou day in the fourth month, Grandee Secretary Wang Jia was appointed ChancellorOn a dingyou day in the fourth month, Wang Chong, Governor of Henan, was appointed Grandee Secretary, but in the ninth month he was demotedGongsun Lu, General of the Right, became General of the Left and was dismissed two years later. Jiao Wang, Bearer of the Golden Mace, became General of the Right and was transferred one year laterJia Yan, Privy Treasurer, was appointed Superintendent of the Imperial Household and transferred three years laterFang Shang, Left Adjunct, was appointed Commandant of Justice and moved to another post four years laterWang Chong, Grandee Secretary, was appointed Grand Minister of Agriculture and transferred two years laterZhao Chang of Zhuo Commandery, Director of the Secretariat and courtesy name Junzhong, became Privy Treasurer and after one year became Governor of Henei. Jiao Wang of Donghai, Master of Works and courtesy name Wangjun, became Bearer of the Golden Mace and was transferred in the third month. Xiao Yu, Palace Grandee, became Bearer of the Golden Mace and was dismissed one year laterWei Zhang of Donghai, Palace Grandee with the style name Zirang, became Right Adjunct and was dismissed one year laterWujiang Long, Governor of Yingchuan, was appointed Governor of the Capital Region and transferred one year later. Zuo Wei, Grand Minister of Agriculture, became Left Adjunct and after three years became General for Restoring the Lands
3 BCEYear fourOn a dingmao day in the third month, Jia Yan, Cavalcade Superintendent of the Imperial Household for the various officials, was appointed Grandee Secretary and transferred one year laterWang An, Cavalcade Palace Grandee over the various officials, became General of the Right and was transferred one year laterDu Ye, Marquis of Jianping, became Grand Master of Ceremonies and was demoted three years later to Commandant of ShangdangLiu Bue of Bohai, Governor of Chenliu and courtesy name Zili, became Director of the Imperial Clan and changed his personal name to RongDong Gong, Palace Grandee with the style name Junmeng, became Privy Treasurer and was transferred one year later. Wujiang Long, Governor of the Capital Region, became Bearer of the Golden Mace and after one year was demoted to Commandant of Pei CommanderyGong Sheng, Palace Grandee, became Right Adjunct and after one year returned to his former postShentu Bo of Maoling, Palace Grandee with the style name Cisun, was appointed Governor of the Capital Region and transferred one year later
2 BCEYuanshou, first yearOn a bingwu day in the third month, Chancellor Jia was jailed and died. On a bingwu day in the seventh month, Grandee Secretary Kong Guang was appointed ChancellorOn a xinchou day in the first month, Ming, then Grand Marshal and General of the Guards, was redesignated Grand Marshal and Piaoqi Grand General. Fu Yan, Marquis of Kongxiang and holder of the rank of Palace Grandee, became Grand Marshal and General of the Guards; on a xinhai day he was dismissed with grants of gold, a comfortable carriage, and a four-horse teamOn a yimao day in the fifth month, Kong Guang, Palace Grandee over the various officials, became Grandee Secretary and was transferred in the second month. On a bingwu day in the seventh month, He Wu, Marquis of Fanxiang, became Grandee Secretary and was dismissed in the second monthHe Wu, Grandee Secretary, became General of the Van and was dismissed two years laterMa Gong, Director of the Heir Apparent's Household, was appointed Superintendent of the Imperial Household and transferred two years laterDong Gong, Privy Treasurer, became Commandant of the Guards and in the second month became Palace Grandee. Hong Tan, Right Adjunct, then became Commandant of the Guards and was transferred one year laterSun Yun, Commandant of the Guards, became Privy Treasurer for one month. Geng Feng of Maoling, Governor of Chenliu, then became Privy Treasurer and after two years became General for Restoring the Lands. Shentu Bo, Governor of the Capital Region, became Bearer of the Golden Mace and was dismissed one year laterHong Tan of Pei, Palace Grandee with the style name Jujun, became Right Adjunct and was transferred in the winterZhai Meng of Nanyang, courtesy name Youzhong, served as Governor of the Capital Region
On a jimao day in the ninth month, Grand Marshal Ming was dismissed. On a renwu day in the eleventh month, Wei Shang, Palace Grandee over the various officials, was appointed Grand Marshal and General of Chariots and Cavalry, but died on a jichou day. On a gengzi day in the twelfth month, Dong Xian, Palace Attendant and Imperial Son-in-law Commandant, became Grand Marshal and General of the GuardsOn a xinmao day in the eighth month, Peng Xuan, Palace Grandee, was appointed Grandee SecretaryNanxia Chang Zhongqi, Palace Grandee, was appointed Right Adjunct
1 BCEYear twoOn a jiazi day in the fifth month, Chancellor Guang became Grand Minister over the Masses, and on a xinyou day in the ninth month he became Grand Tutor. Ma Gong, General of the Right, became Grand Minister over the MassesOn a jiazi day in the fifth month, Xian, then Grand Marshal and General of the Guards, was redesignated as Grand Marshal, but was dismissed on a yiwei day in the sixth month. On a gengshen day, Wang Mang, Marquis of Xindu, became Grand MarshalOn a jiazi day in the fifth month, Grandee Secretary Xuan became Grand Minister of Works, but in the third month was dismissed for illness. On a wuwu day in the eighth month, Wang Chong, General of the Right, became Grand Minister of WorksWang Shun, Marquis of Anyang, became General of Chariots and Cavalry and was transferred in the eighth month. Wang Chong, Commandant of the Guards, served as General of the Right for two months. Ma Gong, Superintendent of the Imperial Household, then became General of the Right and was transferred in the third month. Zhen Feng, also Superintendent of the Imperial Household, became General of the Right and was transferred in the sixth month. Sun Jian, Bearer of the Golden Mace, became General of the Right and was transferred two years laterBing Chang, Marquis of Boyang and courtesy name Changjiao, became Grand Master of Ceremonies and was demoted two years later to Governor of Dong CommanderyZhen Feng, General of the Palace Gentlemen of the Left Section, became Superintendent of the Imperial Household and was transferred one year laterWang Chong, Grand Minister of Agriculture, became Commandant of the Guards and was transferred in the second month. Huang Fu, Marquis of Jiancheng and courtesy name Ziyuan, became Commandant of the GuardsWang Yun, Commandant of the Guards at Changle Palace and courtesy name Zijing, became Grand Coachman and was transferred five years laterLiang Xiang, formerly Commandant of Justice, again became Supreme Judge, but after two years was dismissed for improper promotion proceduresZuo Xian, General for Restoring the Lands, became Grand HeraldHong Tan, Commandant of the Guards, was appointed Grand Minister of AgricultureHan Rong, Palace Grandee with the style name Zibo, became Bearer of the Golden Mace but was dismissed after one month. Sun Jian, Commandant of the Guard and courtesy name Zixia, became Bearer of the Golden Mace and was transferred in the third monthBi You, Grand Herald, became Right Adjunct, but in the sixth month was demoted to Governor of DingxiangSun Yi of Qinghe, courtesy name Zicheng, served as Governor of the Capital Region. Fang Shang, Commandant of Justice, became Left Adjunct and was transferred one year later
1 CEEmperor Xiaoping, Yuanshi, first yearOn a bingchen day in the second month, Grand Tutor Kong Guang became Grand Preceptor, Grand Marshal Wang Mang became Grand Tutor, and Wang Shun, Grand Marshal and General of Chariots and Cavalry, became Grand Guardian while retaining the chariot-and-cavalry commandOn a bingchen day in the second month, Grand Marshal Wang Mang was transferredZhen Han, Palace Attendant and Commandant of Imperial Carriages with the style name Zixin, became Superintendent of the Imperial Household and was transferred three years laterXiao Xian, General of the Palace Gentlemen, became Grand Minister of Agriculture and died one year laterZongbo Feng, Privy Treasurer with the style name Junfang. Ren Cen, General of the Palace Gentlemen, became Bearer of the Golden Mace and died one year laterZhao Hui, Right Assistant Commandant with the style name Junxiang, became Right Adjunct and was dismissed one year laterJin Qin, Director under the Grand Minister over the Masses, became Governor of the Capital Region and one month later became Palace Attendant. Zhang Jia, Palace Grandee, served as Left Adjunct
2 BCEYear twoOn a guiyou day in the second month, Wang Chong, Grand Minister of Works, was dismissed for illness. On a dingyou day in the fourth month, Zhen Feng, Junior Tutor and General of the Left, became Grand Minister of WorksSun Jian, General of the Right, became General of the Left while serving as Superintendent of the Imperial Household. Zhen Han became General of the Right and also Superintendent of the Imperial HouseholdZhang Hong, Marquis of Anchang and courtesy name Zixia, became Grand Master of Ceremonies and two years later was demoted to Colonel of Yue CavalryQiao Ren served as Grand HeraldSun Bao, Palace Grandee, became Grand Minister of Agriculture, but was dismissed after only a few monthsYin Shang, Left Assistant Commandant, became Bearer of the Golden Mace and died one year laterXing Cheng, General of the Palace Gentlemen with the style name Ziyuan, became Superintendent of Waterways and Parks. Wu Xiang of Pei, Director under the Grand Marshal and courtesy name Junmeng, became Right Adjunct and three years later became Governor of Jizhou
3 BCEYear threeLiu Cen, Colonel of the City Gates and courtesy name Zizhang, became Grand Master of Ceremonies and two years later was transferred to the office of Minister of the ClanZhong Yuan of Yingchuan, Director of the Secretariat and courtesy name Ningjun, became Supreme JudgeWang Jun of Chang'an, Bearer of the Golden Mace and courtesy name Jungong, was transferred after three yearsKuang Xian served as Left Adjunct; his courtesy name was Ziqi
4 BCEYear fourRong, Director of the Imperial Clan, became Minister of the Clan and was dismissed one year laterXie Yao, Master of Works, became Right Adjunct. At seventy, illness forced his dismissal, and he was granted the title of Marquis within the PassesZhong Yi served as Governor of the Capital Region. Sun Xin of Pei served as Left Adjunct; his courtesy name was Ziru
5 BCEYear fiveOn a yiwei day in the fourth month, Grand Preceptor Guang died. Gong, Grand Minister over the Masses, became Grand Marshal but was dismissed on a renwu day in the eighth month. On a bingwu day in the twelfth month, Ping Yan, Privy Treasurer of Changle Palace, became Grand Minister over the MassesWang Jun, Bearer of the Golden Mace, was appointed General of InfantryYun, Grand Coachman, became Superintendent of the Imperial HouseholdZuo Xian served as Grand HeraldLiu Cen, Grand Master of Ceremonies, became Minister of the Clan. Yin Xian served as Grand Minister of AgricultureDeng Feng of Nanyang, Director of the Secretariat and courtesy name Junhou, became Right AdjunctWu Xiang, Commandant of the Guard under the Grand Chancellor, became Governor of the Capital Region and was transferred after a few months. Hao Dang of Nanyang, General of the Palace Gentlemen and courtesy name Ziyan, became Left Adjunct
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