Baoxing (寶興) | 24 Histories

Overview

Baoxing was an official and Grand Secretary.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Posthumous name	Wenzhuang	文莊	Wenzhuang

Life and dates

Death

AD 1848 十月
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 53

Age

72
AD 1848 十月 · Reckoning Sui
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 53

Attested activity

AD 1837 十七年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 25
AD 1839 十九年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 27
AD 1841 二十一年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 49
AD 1846 二十六年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 51
AD 1848 二十八年元旦
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 52
AD 1848 二十八年十月
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 365, passages 52-53

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AD 1839 to AD 1841 先是
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 365, passages 42, 47, 49
AD 1842 至則復為總督寶興所忌
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 384, passages 151, 163
AD 1824 to AD 1855 論曰
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 365, passages 227, 229
AD 1829 道光九年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 375, passages 19, 21
AD 1830 道光十年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 379, passages 173, 176
AD 1830 道光十年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 384, passage 109

Key source chapters

Origins and identity

Ethnicity Manchu 滿洲
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 50

Career and standing

acting governor-general of Sichuan 署四川總督
AD 1837 十七年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 25
governor-general of Sichuan 四川總督
AD 1838 逾年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 25
Grand Secretary of the Hall of Literary Glory 文淵閣大學士
AD 1841 二十一年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 49
administrator of the Ministry of Justice 管理刑部
AD 1846 二十六年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 51
chancellor of the Hanlin Academy 翰林院掌院學士
AD 1846 二十六年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 51
chief tutor of the Upper Study 上書房總師傅
AD 1846 二十六年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 51

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Governor-General 總督
Held · At Sichuan 四川
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 384, passage 163
vice minister 侍郎
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 379, passage 176
Vice Minister 侍郎
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 384, passages 81, 109
governor-general of Sichuan 四川總督
AD 1841 二十一年 · Retained
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 49
Grand Tutor 太保
AD 1848 二十八年元旦 · Bestowed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 52
Wenzhuang 文莊
AD 1848 十月 · Posthumously granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 53

Places and affiliations

Qing 清
Relation Lived under
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 375, passage 21
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passages 25, 49, 51
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 229
AD 1837 十七年
At Sichuan 四川 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 25
AD 1846 二十六年
At Beijing 京 · Relation Resided
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 51
AD 1846 二十六年
Organization Hanlin Academy 翰林院 · Relation Head of
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 51

Learning and skills

Skill administrative affairs 吏事 · Level renowned
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 229

Works and attributed material

AD 1839 十九年
Memorial · Author · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passages 27-33
Historian assessment · Subject · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 229
Memorial · Author · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passages 36-40, 47-48

Events and relationships

Came to court audience and was ordered to remain in the capital
AD 1846 二十六年 · Political · Audience participant
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 51
Countered censorial proposal on Sichuan commander stationing and urged Yuexi road garrison reforms
Political · Memorialist
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passages 36-41
Elevated to Grand Secretary while remaining Sichuan governor general after Qishan and Yilibu were dismissed
AD 1841 二十一年 · Political · Appointee
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passages 49-50
Proposed five frontier defense measures for Ma Bian and Yuexi
AD 1839 十九年 · Political · Memorialist
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passages 27, 29-34
Proposed grain surcharge to fund Ma Bian frontier garrisons, expecting one million taels
Political · Proposer
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passages 42-43
Revised frontier funding plan: about 220,000 taels for works, 370,000 lent to salt and tea merchants for interest, 400,000 returned to the ministry; land purchase scheme dropped
Political · Deliberator
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passages 47-49

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Relation Rival of · Person Yao Ying (姚瑩)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 384, passage 163

Assessments and attributes

Assessment among the few Manchu ministers then trusted by the emperor · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 50
Assessment known as skilled in administration yet bore the reputation of lax integrity (簠簋不飭) · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passage 229

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 365, passages 25, 53, 229

References in the histories

Search passages

History

11 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 365Volume 365 Biographies 152: Jue Luo Bao Xing, Zong Shijingzheng, Zong Shixien, Chen Guanjun, Zhuo Bingtian · 6 passages

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寶興議：「馬邊、越巂相距遼遠，請於春秋夷匪出沒之時，提督往駐馬邊、瓘邊、雷波三廳，建昌總兵往駐越巂、寧越。」 Baoxing countered: "Ma Bian and Yuexi were too far apart: in spring and autumn, when raiders were active, the commander-in-chief should camp at Ma Bian, Huanbian, and Leibo, while the Jianchang regional commander held Yuexi and Ningyue."

先是寶興以馬邊諸廳縣增設防兵，籌議邊防經費，請按糧津貼，計可徵銀百萬兩，以三十萬為初設防兵之需。 To pay for new garrisons along the Ma Bian line, Baoxing had proposed a grain surcharge expected to yield one million taels—three hundred thousand for startup costs.

下寶興妥議，疏言：「邊防完竣，用銀二十二萬兩有奇，以三十七萬發鹽茶各商，歲得息三萬七千餘兩，足敷增設練勇餉械之需。 Baoxing was told to work out the details. He reported: "Finishing the frontier works would take just over 220,000 taels; lending 370,000 to salt and tea merchants would yield 37,000 taels a year—enough for the new militia's pay and equipment.

時大學士琦善、協辦大學士伊里布相繼罷，在朝滿洲大臣鮮當上意，故有是授。 Qishan and Yilibu had just been removed from office, and few Manchu ministers in Beijing still enjoyed the emperor's trust—hence Baoxing's elevation.

十月，卒，年七十二，諡文莊。 He died in the tenth month at seventy-two and was posthumously titled Wenzhuang.

寶興號嫺吏事，而蒙簠簋不飭之聲； Baoxing was considered capable in administration yet suspected of loose integrity;

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 375Volume 375 Biographies 162: Bai Rong, Sun Huan, Shi Zhiyan, Na Qingan, Sheng Yin, Li Zongfang, Yao Yuanzhi, He Rulin, Ji Zhichang, Lie Chuan · 1 passage

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尋偕侍郎寶興勘視南河垛料，舉實以聞。 He then joined Vice Minister Baoxing to inspect grain stockpiles along the Southern Grand Canal and reported what they found.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 379Volume 379 Biographies 166: Zhao Shenzhen, Lu Kun, Ceng Sheng, Tao Shu · 1 passage

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議者多主改法課歸場灶，命尚書王鼎、侍郎寶興赴江南查議。 Many deliberators favored changing the law to assign tax collection directly to the salt fields and furnaces; the emperor ordered the minister Wang Ding and the vice minister Bao Xing to go to Jiangnan to investigate.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 384Volume 384 Biographies 171: Lin Peihou, Li Xiangkun, Li Zongchuan, Wang Fengsheng, Huang Mian, Yu De Yuan, Yao Ying · 3 passages

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陶澍繼督兩江，與尚書王鼎、侍郎寶興會籌鹽法，合疏留鳳生襄議，於是大有興革，略與鳳生初議相出入； Tao Shu succeeded as governor-general of the Two Jiangs and, with Minister Wang Ding and Vice Minister Bao Xing, worked out salt reforms; they jointly memorialized to keep Fengsheng to help draft the plan, and the resulting overhaul largely followed, though not entirely, his original proposals;

十年，宣宗以兩淮鹽法大壞，授陶澍為兩江總督，命尚書王鼎、侍郎寶興赴江南會議改革。 In the tenth year, seeing how badly the Liang-Huai salt system had decayed, the Xuanzong Emperor appointed Tao Shu governor-general of the Two Jiangs and sent Minister Wang Ding and Vice Minister Bao Xing to Jiangnan to plan reforms.

宣宗心知台灣功，入獄六日，特旨以同知直隸州知州發往四川效用，至則復為總督寶興所忌。 The Xuanzong Emperor knew the true worth of the Taiwan victories; after six days in prison a special edict sent him to Sichuan as a subprefect and department magistrate to redeem himself, but there Governor Bao Xing turned against him again.