Yao Ying (姚瑩) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Yao Ying as an administrator, military officer, official, and scholar. This record brings together 24 passages from 4 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Yao Ying	姚瑩	Yao Ying
Courtesy name	Shipu	石甫	Shipu
Title	Taiwan Circuit Intendant	台灣道
Surname	Yao	姚
Surname	Yao	姚	Yao
Personal name	Yao Ying	姚瑩	Yáo Yíng
Personal	Yao Ying	姚瑩	Yáo Yíng
Personal name	Yao Ying	姚瑩	Yao Ying
Given	Ying	瑩
Given	Ying	瑩	Ying

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Explicit · qingshigao:379:s0196, qingshigao:392:s0023
Sex: male
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:384:s0136
Value: male
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:369:s0181

Roles

Administrator
Military Officer
Official
Scholar
Strategist
Writer

Life and dates

Death

Manner: died of grief and illness in office · Place: Hunan / 湖南
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0182

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 二十一年秋 · Western Year: AD 1841
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0151
Source Date: Text: 咸豐元年 · Western Year: AD 1851
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:392:s0019, qingshigao:392:s0023
Source Date: Text: 嘉慶十三年 · Western Year: AD 1808
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0137
Source Date: Text: 文宗即位 · Western Year: AD 1850
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0172
Source Date: Text: 道光二十一年至二十二年 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1841 · End: AD 1842
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:369:s0181, qingshigao:369:s0187
Source Date: Text: 道光十年 · Western Year: AD 1830
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0148
Source Date: Text: 道光十年至十九年 · Western Year: AD 1830
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:379:s0196, qingshigao:379:s0173

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Descendant of Yao Nai (姚鼐)
Kinship Term: collateral ancestor / 從祖 · Line: paternal
Kinship Term: collateral ancestor / 從祖 · Line: paternal
Child of Father of Yao Ying
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Parent of Yao Junchang (姚濬昌)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father

Career and standing

Label: acting provincial judge / 署按察使 · Action: acting · Place: Hunan / 湖南
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0182
Label: magistrate of Pengzhou / 蓬州 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0170
Label: magistrate of Pinghe / 平和知縣 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0137
Label: subprefect and Zhili department magistrate sent to Sichuan / 同知直隸州知州發往四川 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0163
Label: Taiwan Circuit Intendant / 台灣道 · Action: held
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0181
Label: Taiwan posts including Gamlan vice-prefect / 台灣、噶瑪蘭同知 · Action: held
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0143
Label: provincial judge of Guangxi / 廣西按察使 · Action: promoted · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 文宗即位 · Western Year: AD 1850
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0172
Label: Taiwan circuit intendant / 台灣道 · Action: promoted · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 道光十年 · Western Year: AD 1830
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0148
Label: magistrate of Longxi / 龍溪 · Action: transferred
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0138
Title: second-rank rank and hereditary Cloud Cavalry Captain / 二品銜、雲騎尉世職 · Action: bestowed
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0153
Status: restoration · Action: received
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0144
Label: punished after peace / 同獲譴 · Action: suffered
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0182
Status: arrest · Action: suffered
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0161
Status: dismissal · Action: suffered
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0143

Places and affiliations

Label: Qing / 清 · Relation: served
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:384:s0137
Place: Tongcheng, Anhui / 安徽桐城
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0136

Learning and skills

Credential: Presented Scholar / 進士 · Action: earned · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 嘉慶十三年 · Western Year: AD 1808
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0137

Works and attributed material

Work: Eastern Raft Notes / 東槎紀略 · Relation: author
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0185
Work: Eastern Sea Collection / 東溟文集 · Relation: author
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0185
Work: Journey Around Kang / 康輶紀行 · Relation: author
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0185
Work: Later Xiang Poems / 後湘詩集 · Relation: author
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0185
Work: Zhongfu Hall Complete Works / 中復堂全集 · Relation: author
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0185
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quoted: true · Other Person Id: Da Hong'a (達洪阿)
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0192
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Da Hong'a (達洪阿)
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0158, qingshigao:384:s0159
Kind: speech · Role: speaker
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0165, qingshigao:384:s0166

Events and relationships

Kind: military · Role: wing-commander · Action: advised-encirclement-ignored · Other Person Id: Saishang'a (賽尚阿)
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0174, qingshigao:384:s0175, qingshigao:384:s0179, qingshigao:384:s0180
Kind: administration · Role: magistrate · Action: ended-feuds-and-banditry · Place: Longxi / 龍溪
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0139, qingshigao:384:s0140, qingshigao:384:s0141, qingshigao:384:s0142
Kind: diplomatic · Role: envoy · Action: failed-Tibet-hutuktu-mediation · Place: Zhaya / 乍雅
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0164, qingshigao:384:s0168
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: repelled-British-at-Keelung-and-Daan · Other Person Id: Da Hong'a (達洪阿) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 二十一年秋 · Western Year: AD 1841
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0151, qingshigao:384:s0152
Kind: military · Role: strategist · Action: Taiwan-defense · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 二十一年至二十二年 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1841 · End: AD 1842
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0187, qingshigao:369:s0192, qingshigao:369:s0193
Relation: student-of · Person Id: Yao Nai (姚鼐)
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0183
Relation: aide-of · Person Id: Tao Shu (陶澍)
Explicit · qingshigao:379:s0196
Relation: colleague-of · Person Id: Da Hong'a (達洪阿)
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0181

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: administration ranked first in Fujian · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0142
Assessment: defended frontier, humbled enemy, slandered yet trusted by court · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0192

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 369Volume 369 Biographies 156: Lin Zexu, Deng Tingzhen, Da Hong A · 5 passages

Open chapter

總兵達洪阿偕台灣道姚瑩屢卻之。 Brigade Commander Da Hong'a and Taiwan Circuit Intendant Yao Ying repeatedly drove them back.

二十一年八月，英兵船至雞籠海口，達洪阿與姚瑩督兵御之。 In the eighth month of 1841 British warships reached Jilong Harbor. Da Hong'a and Yao Ying directed the defense.

達洪阿謀於姚瑩，瑩曰：「此未可與海上爭鋒，必以計殲之。」 Da Hong'a consulted Yao Ying, who said: 'We cannot meet them head-on at sea. They must be destroyed by stratagem.'

姚瑩自有傳。 Yao Ying has a biography of his own.

若達洪阿、姚瑩卻敵台灣，固由守禦有方，亦因敵非專注，朝廷皆不得已而罪之，諸人卒皆復起，而名節播宇內、煥史冊矣。 As for Da Hong'a and Yao Ying driving back the enemy in Taiwan, their success owed something to sound defense but also to the fact that the enemy was not fully committed. The court punished them under political necessity, yet all eventually rose again, and their reputations spread throughout the empire and endure brightly in the historical record.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 379Volume 379 Biographies 166: Zhao Shenzhen, Lu Kun, Ceng Sheng, Tao Shu · 1 passage

Open chapter

在江南治河、治漕、治鹽，並賴王鳳生、俞德源、姚瑩、黃冕諸人之力。 In Jiangnan his work on rivers, grain transport, and salt all depended on the efforts of Wang Fengsheng, Yu Deyuan, Yao Ying, Huang Mian, and others.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 384Volume 384 Biographies 171: Lin Peihou, Li Xiangkun, Li Zongchuan, Wang Fengsheng, Huang Mian, Yu De Yuan, Yao Ying · 17 passages

Open chapter

姚瑩，字石甫，安徽桐城人。 Yao Ying, whose style was Shipu, came from Tongcheng in Anhui.

瑩擒巨惡立斃之，收豪猾為用，予以自新。 Yao seized the worst offenders and executed them on the spot, then enlisted local strongmen and gave them a chance to reform.

及海疆戒嚴，瑩與總兵達洪阿預為戰守計。 When the coast was placed on military alert, Yao and Regional Commander Da Hong'a drew up plans for defense in advance.

達洪阿性剛，與同官鮮合，瑩推誠相接，一日謁謝曰：「武人不學，為子所容久矣，自今聽子而行。」 Da Hong'a was stubborn and rarely got on with his colleagues; Yao treated him with open sincerity until one day Da called to say: "We soldiers are unlettered men; you have borne with me long enough—from now on I shall follow your lead."

瑩設方略，與達洪阿督兵連卻之，大有斬獲，收前所失寧波、廈門砲械甚多。 Yao devised the strategy; working with Da Hong'a he drove the enemy back again and again with heavy casualties inflicted on them, and recovered much of the artillery lost earlier at Ningbo and Xiamen.

敵構奸民煽亂，海寇亦竊發，皆即捕戮，一方屹然，詔嘉獎，加二品銜，予雲騎尉世職。 When the enemy incited collaborators and sea bandits rose in secret, Yao had them seized and executed at once; the region held firm; the court commended him, raised him to second rank, and granted a hereditary Cloud Cavalry Captain title.

瑩與達洪阿謀曰：「大府意欲市德，藉以退鼓浪嶼之兵。 Yao and Da Hong'a agreed: "The governor wants to curry favor and use the prisoners to get the British off Gulangyu.

瑩與達洪阿約，義不與俘虜質，即自引咎。 Yao and Da Hong'a had agreed that they would not use prisoners as bargaining chips and at once accepted full responsibility.

瑩謂：「夷人難以德化。 Yao objected: "Barbarians cannot be won over by moral suasion alone.

文宗即位，黜大學士穆彰阿，詔宣示中外，並及瑩與達洪阿被陷狀，於是復起用，授湖北武昌鹽法道，未行，擢廣西按察使，命參大學士賽尚阿軍事。 When the Wenzong Emperor came to the throne, Grand Secretary Mujangga was dismissed and an edict to the empire also cleared Yao and Da Hong'a of the false charges against them; Yao was then restored, appointed salt law intendant at Wuchang in Hubei, and before he could take up that post was promoted provincial judge of Guangxi and ordered to join Grand Secretary Saišangga's staff.

瑩至，任為翼長。 When Yao arrived, he was made wing commander of the staff.