Dou Yan (竇儼) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Dou Yan as an editor, historian, musician, and official. This record brings together 19 passages from 8 chapters across 2 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Dou Yan	竇儼	Dou Yan
Surname	Dou	竇	Dou
Personal	Dou Yan	窦俨
Personal name	Dou Yan	竇儼	Dòu Yǎn
Personal	Dou Yi	竇儼	Dou Yi
Title	Hanlin Academician	翰林學士
Title	Left Reminder	左拾遺
Title	Secretariat Drafter	中書舍人
Given	Yan	儼	Yan

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:102:s0146, jiuwudaishi:144:s0013, jiuwudaishi:147:s0177, xinwudaishi:012:s0152
Sex: male
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:145:s0030, xinwudaishi:031:s0091

Roles

Editor
Historian
Musician
Official
Scholar
Writer

Life and dates

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 周顯德五年冬 · Regnal Year: 5 · Western Year: AD 958
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:144:s0013
Source Date: Text: 三年十一月丁未 · Western Year: AD 946
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:147:s0177
Source Date: Text: 世宗之時 · Western Year: AD 954
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:031:s0091
Source Date: Text: 乾祐二年 · Western Year: AD 949
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:102:s0146
Source Date: Text: 显德六年六月 · Western Year: AD 959
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:012:s0152
Source Date: Text: 顯德五年六月 · Western Year: AD 958
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:145:s0030
Source Date: Text: 顯德五年十一月 · Western Year: AD 958
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:145:s0031
Source Date: Text: 顯德六年 · Western Year: AD 959
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:119:s0107, jiuwudaishi:120:s0025, jiuwudaishi:120:s0028, jiuwudaishi:120:s0075, jiuwudaishi:120:s0130, jiuwudaishi:145:s0062

Career and standing

Label: Secretariat Drafter / 中書舍人 · Action: held · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 顯德五年六月 · Western Year: AD 958
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:145:s0030
Label: Hanlin Academician / 翰林學士 · Action: held · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 顯德五年十一月 · Western Year: AD 958
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:145:s0031
Label: acting director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices / 判太常寺事 · Action: held
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:144:s0013, jiuwudaishi:144:s0069
Label: Hanlin academician / 翰林學士 · Action: held
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:144:s0013, jiuwudaishi:144:s0069
Label: Left Reminder / 左拾遺 · Action: held
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:147:s0177

Places and affiliations

Label: Later Jin / 晉 · Relation: served
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:147:s0177
Label: Later Zhou / 周 · Relation: served
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:144:s0013
Polity: Later Zhou / 周 · Relation: served
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:145:s0030

Works and attributed material

Work: hymns for Shizong's temple chamber / 世宗廟室樂章 · Relation: author
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:144:s0069
Work: libation hymn for the late emperor / 大行皇帝太室歌酌獻辭 · Relation: author
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:120:s0025
Work: temple hymn for Empress Zhenhui / 貞惠皇后廟歌辭 · Relation: author
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:120:s0075
Work: Jin dynasty Veritable Records / 晉朝實錄 · Relation: compiler
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:102:s0146
Work: Comprehensive Rites of Great Zhou / 大周通禮 · Relation: proposed-compiler
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:145:s0031, jiuwudaishi:145:s0035
Work: Correct Music of Great Zhou / 大周正樂 · Relation: proposed-compiler
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:145:s0032, jiuwudaishi:145:s0035
Kind: memorial · Role: author · Quoted: true · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 顯德五年十一月 · Western Year: AD 958
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:145:s0031, jiuwudaishi:145:s0032, jiuwudaishi:145:s0033
Kind: memorial · Role: author
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:147:s0177, jiuwudaishi:147:s0178, jiuwudaishi:147:s0179, jiuwudaishi:147:s0180, jiuwudaishi:147:s0181, jiuwudaishi:147:s0182, jiuwudaishi:147:s0183, jiuwudaishi:147:s0184

Events and relationships

Kind: editorial · Role: director · Action: entrusted-to-lead-compilations
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:145:s0037
Kind: music-tuning · Role: tuner · Action: harmonized-eight-instrument-categories
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:145:s0062
Kind: ritual · Role: drafter · Action: proposed-posthumous-and-temple-names-for-Shizong
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:120:s0028
Kind: ritual · Role: proposer · Action: proposed-posthumous-and-temple-names · Other Person Id: Shizong (世宗)
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:119:s0107
Kind: music-reform · Role: commissioned-reviewer · Action: review-court-music · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 顯德五年六月 · Western Year: AD 958
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:145:s0030
Kind: scholarly · Role: commissioned-official · Action: reviewed-music-regulations · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 周顯德五年冬 · Regnal Year: 5 · Western Year: AD 958
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:144:s0013
Kind: administrative · Role: memorialist · Action: urged-ban-on-cruel-punishments
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:147:s0177, jiuwudaishi:147:s0184
Relation: ordered-by · Person Id: Emperor Shizong (世宗)
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:145:s0030

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: memorial aids good order · Provenance: Mode: imperial-judgment
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:147:s0186
Assessment: writing blazed in debate with Tao Gu · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · xinwudaishi:031:s0093

Source notes

Historicity: historical
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:147:s0177

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 102Volume 102 Book of Later Jin 4: Emperor Yin Annals 2 · 1 passage

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詔史官賈緯、竇儼、王伸等修撰。 An edict ordered the historians Jia Wei, Dou Yan, Wang Shen, and others to compile them.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 119Volume 119 Book of Later Zhou 21: Shizong Annals 6 · 1 passage

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其年八月，翰林學士、判太常寺事竇儼上謚曰睿武孝文皇帝，廟號世宗。 In the eighth month of that year, Dou Yan, Hanlin academician and administrator of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, proposed the posthumous title Emperor Ruiwu Xiaowen, with the temple name Shizong.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 120Volume 120 Book of Later Zhou 22: Emperor Gong Annals · 4 passages

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庚午，翰林學士、判太常寺竇儼撰進大行皇帝太室歌酌獻辭，舞曰《定功之舞》，歌辭不錄。 On gengwu Dou Yan, Hanlin academician and overseer of the Directorate of Ceremonies, presented the libation hymn for the late emperor's Grand Chamber offering, with the dance Establishing Merit; the lyrics are not recorded.

癸卯，以司徒、平章事範質為山陵使，以翰林學士、判太常寺事竇儼為禮儀使，以兵部尚書張昭為鹵簿使，以御史中丞邊歸讜為儀仗使，以宣徽南院使、判開封府事昝居潤為橋道頓遞使。 On guimao Fan Zhi was named tomb commissioner; Hanlin academician Dou Yan, ritual commissioner; Minister of War Zhang Zhao, regalia commissioner; Vice Censor-in-Chief Bian Guichan, arms commissioner; and acting Kaifeng administrator Zan Jurun, bridges-and-relay commissioner.

乙亥，翰林學士兼判太常寺竇儼撰進大行皇帝尊謚曰睿武孝文皇帝，廟號世宗，從之。 On yihai Dou Yan presented the late emperor's posthumous title Sagacious Martial Filial Cultured Emperor and temple name Shizong; the court approved.

壬辰，翰林學士、判太常寺事竇儼撰進貞惠皇后廟歌辭。 On renchen Dou Yan, Hanlin academician and overseer of ceremonies, presented the temple hymn for Empress Zhenhui.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 144Volume 144: Treatises 6 Music 1 · 2 passages

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世宗惻然，乃命翰林學士、判太常寺事竇儼參詳其制，又命樞密使王樸考正其聲。 Deeply troubled, Shizong ordered the Hanlin academician and acting director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, Dou Yan, to review the regulations in detail, and the Privy Council commissioner Wang Pu to correct the pitches.

世宗廟室樂章，翰林學士、判太常寺事竇儼撰。）〉 Those for Shizong's temple chamber were composed by Hanlin academician and acting director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices Dou Yan.)〉

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 145Volume 145: Treatises 7 Music 2 · 5 passages

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五年六月，命中書舍人竇儼參詳太常雅樂。 In the sixth month of his fifth year, he ordered Secretariat Drafter Dou Yi to review the directorate's court music.

十一月，翰林學士竇儼上疏論禮樂刑政之源，其一曰：「請依《唐會要》所分門類，上自五帝，迄於聖朝，凡所施為，悉命編次，凡關禮樂，無有闕漏，名之曰大周通禮，俾禮院掌之。」 In the eleventh month, Hanlin Academician Dou Yi memorialized on the foundations of ritual, music, penal law, and governance. His first proposal read: "Following the topical divisions of the Tang Institutional Compendium, let everything enacted from the age of the Five Emperors down to our own dynasty be compiled in full, with nothing omitted concerning ritual and music. Call the work Comprehensive Rites of Great Zhou and place it under the Ritual Office."

詔曰：「竇儼所上封章，備陳政要，舉當今之急務，疾近世之因循，器識可嘉，辭理甚當，故能立事，無愧蒞官。 An edict replied: "Dou Yi's memorial sets forth the essentials of governance, identifies the urgent tasks of our day, and deplores the slavish conformity of recent times. His judgment is commendable and his reasoning sound; he is fit to take on such work without disgracing his office.

委儼總領其事。 Dou Yi was placed in overall charge of the project.

乃命中書舍人竇儼參詳太常樂事，不逾月調品八音，粗加和會。 You then ordered Secretariat Drafter Dou Yi to review the directorate's music; within a month the eight categories of instruments were tuned into rough harmony.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 147Volume 147: Treatises 9 Punishment and Law · 2 passages

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三年十一月丁未，左拾遺竇儼上疏曰：「臣伏睹名例律疏云：死刑者，古先哲王，則天垂象，本欲生之，義期止殺，絞斬之坐，皆刑之極也。 In the eleventh month of the third year, on the day dingwei, Left Reminder Dou Yan submitted a memorial: "I have read in the commentary on the General Principles Statutes that capital punishment—ancient sage kings, taking Heaven as their model, originally intended to preserve life and aimed to stop killing—makes strangulation and decapitation the extreme of punishment.

竇儼所貢奏章，實裨理道，宜依所奏，準律令施行。」 Dou Yan's memorial truly aids good order; it is approved as submitted and is to be carried out according to the statutes and ordinances."

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 12Volume 12 Later Zhou Annals 3: Shizong, Emperor Gong · 1 passage

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癸卯，范质为大行皇帝山陵使，翰林学士窦俨为礼仪使，兵部尚书张昭为卤簿使，御史中丞边归谠为仪仗使，宣徽南院使、判开封府事昝居润为桥道顿递使。 On guimao Fan Zhi was named mausoleum commissioner for the late emperor; Dou Yan, Hanlin academician, oversaw ritual; Zhang Zhao, Minister of War, insignia; Bian Guidang, Vice Censor-in-Chief, ceremonial guards; and Zan Jurun, Southern Court privy commissioner acting as mayor of Kaifeng, bridges, roads, and relays.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 31Volume 31 Later Zhou Biographies 11: Wang Pu, Zheng Renhui, Hu Zai · 3 passages

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是時，天子英武，樂延天下奇才，而尤禮文士，載與張昭、竇儼、陶穀、徐臺符等俱被進用。 The Son of Heaven was bold and martial, hungry for extraordinary men, and especially honored men of letters. Zai, with Zhang Zhao, Dou Yan, Tao Gu, Xu Taifu, and others, all rose into office.

昭、儼數與論議，其文粲然，而穀徒能先意所在，以進諛取合人主，事無大小，必稱美頌贊，至於廣京城，為木偶耕人、紫芝白兔之類，皆為頌以獻，其辭大抵類俳優。 Zhao and Yan often argued with him; their prose shone. Gu could only read the ruler’s mood, flatter ahead of it, and praise every deed, great or small. Widening the capital, wooden farm figures, purple fungus, white hares—all won his hymns of praise, his words mostly fit for a clown.

而載以不幸早卒，論議雖不及昭、儼，而不為穀之諛也。 Zai, cut off young, never matched Zhao and Yan in argument—but he never flattered like Gu.