Li Maozhen (李茂貞) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Li Maozhen as an aristocrat, general, military officer, and ruler. This record brings together 19 passages from 8 chapters across 3 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Li Maozhen	李茂貞	Li Maozhen
Surname	Li	李
Personal name	Li Maozhen	李茂貞	Li Maozhen
Personal name	Li Maozhen	李茂貞	Lǐ Màozhēn
Given	Maozhen	茂貞
Title	Prince of Qin	秦王

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:020:s0062, jiuwudaishi:031:s0011, jiuwudaishi:031:s0027, jiuwudaishi:073:s0045, xinwudaishi:038:s0009, xinwudaishi:044:s0015
Sex: male
Explicit · xintangshu:113:s0252, xinwudaishi:035:s0096, xinwudaishi:069:s0006

Roles

Aristocrat
General
Military Officer
Ruler
Warlord

Life and dates

Death

Date Context: Source Date: Text: 同光二年 · Western Year: AD 924
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:031:s0170

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 事李茂貞…後降於梁 · Western Interval: Start: AD 907 · End: AD 923
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:073:s0045
Source Date: Text: 同光二年 · Western Year: AD 924
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:031:s0011, jiuwudaishi:031:s0027
Source Date: Text: 天復二年 · Western Year: AD 902
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:069:s0006
Source Date: Text: 昭宗時 · Western Interval: Start: AD 888 · End: AD 904
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:035:s0096
Source Date: Text: 昭宗為李茂貞所迫 · Western Interval: Start: AD 895 · End: AD 901
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:038:s0009
Source Date: Text: 昭宗立 · Western Interval: Start: AD 888 · End: AD 894
Explicit event contextual date · xintangshu:113:s0250, xintangshu:113:s0252
Source Date: Text: 知俊臣於李茂貞 · Western Interval: Start: AD 907 · End: AD 915
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:044:s0015
Source Date: Text: 開平四年 · Western Year: AD 910
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:020:s0062, jiuwudaishi:020:s0063

Career and standing

Label: Fengxiang military commissioner / 鳳翔節度使 · Action: held · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 同光二年 · Western Year: AD 924
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:031:s0027, jiuwudaishi:031:s0170
Label: Military Commissioner of Fengxiang / 鳳翔節度使 · Action: held
Explicit · xintangshu:113:s0252
Title: Prince of Qin / 秦王 · Action: held · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 同光二年 · Western Year: AD 924
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:031:s0027, jiuwudaishi:031:s0081

Places and affiliations

Polity: Tang / 唐 · Relation: served
Strongly inferred · xintangshu:113:s0252
Place: Fengxiang / 鳳翔 · Relation: posted-to
Explicit · xintangshu:113:s0252

Events and relationships

Kind: military · Role: defender · Action: held-walls · Place: Fengxiang / 鳳翔
Explicit · xinwudaishi:069:s0006
Kind: diplomatic · Role: party · Action: made-peace-with-Liang
Explicit · xinwudaishi:069:s0012

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 20Volume 20 Book of Later Liang 20: Biographies 10: Xie Tong, Si Maye, Liu Han, Wang Jinrao, Gao Shao, Ma Sixun, Zhang Cunjin, Kou Yanqing · 1 passage

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知俊縶捍歸於鳳翔，為李茂貞所害。 Zhijun sent Han bound to Fengxiang, where Li Maozhen put him to death.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 31Volume 31 Book of Later Tang 7: Zhuangzong Annals 5 · 6 passages

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庚戌，以涇原節度使、充秦王府諸道行軍司馬、開府儀同三司、檢校太尉、兼侍中李從嚴為檢校太尉、兼中書令，依前涇原軍節度使，充秦王府諸道行軍司馬。 On gengxu Li Congyan, military governor of Jingyuan, campaign marshal for all circuits of the Prince of Qin's household, Grand Preceptor of the Palace Gate, honorary Grand Commandant, and concurrently Palace Attendant, was made honorary Grand Commandant and concurrently Director of the Secretariat, while remaining military governor of Jingyuan and campaign marshal for all circuits of the Prince of Qin's household.

鳳翔節度使、秦王李茂貞上表，請行藩臣之禮，帝優報之。 Li Maozhen of Fengxiang asked to act as a feudatory prince; Cunxu answered graciously.

以開府儀同三司、守尚書令、秦王李茂貞依前封秦王，餘如故，仍賜不拜、不名。 Li Maozhen stayed Qin Prince with exemption from bowing and from naming his name.

〈（《五代會要》：太常禮院奏：「李茂貞封冊之命，宜準故襄州節度使趙匡凝之例施行。 (The 《Institutions of the Five Dynasties》 says the sacrifice office memorialized, "For Li Maozhen's enfeoffment patent, Zhao Kuangning's precedent should be followed.

秦王受冊，自備革輅一乘，載冊犢車一乘，並本品鹵簿鼓吹如儀。」 The Qin Prince receiving the patent should himself provide one leather carriage and one calf-cart bearing the patent, with full insignia and music as prescribed."

鳳翔節度使、秦王李茂貞薨。 Li Maozhen, Fengxiang commissioner and Prince of Qin, died.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 73Volume 73 Book of Later Tang 49: Biographies 25: Mao Zhang, Nie Yu, Wen Tao, Duan Ning, Kong Qian, Li Ye · 1 passage

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少為盜，據華原，事李茂貞，名彥韜，後降於梁，更名昭圖。 As a youth he turned bandit, seized control of Huayuan, and entered Li Maozhen's service under the name Yan Tao. He later surrendered to the Liang and took the name Zhaotu.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 113Volume 113 Biographies 38: Tang, Zhang, Xu · 1 passage

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俄代李茂貞為鳳翔節度使，不得入，還為御史大夫。 He soon replaced Li Maozhen as military commissioner of Fengxiang but could not take up the post and returned as grand master of the censorate.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 35Volume 35 Biographies 15: Zhan Wenyu, Yang She, Zhang Ce, Zhao Guangfeng, Xue Yiju, Su Xun · 1 passage

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昭宗時，王行瑜、李茂貞兵犯京師，昭宗殺讓能於臨臯以自解。 Under Zhaozong, Wang Xingyu and Li Maozhen attacked the capital; Zhaozong killed Rangneng at Linhao to excuse himself.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 38Volume 38 Biographies 18: Zhang Chengye, Zhang Juhan · 1 passage

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及昭宗為李茂貞所迫，將出奔太原，乃先遣承業使晉以道意，因以為河東監軍。 When Zhaozong, harried by Li Maozhen, prepared to escape to Taiyuan, he sent Chengye ahead to Jin with his message and appointed him Hedong army supervisor.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 44Volume 44 Miscellaneous Biographies 24: Liu Zhijun, Ding Hui, He Delun, Yan Bao, Kang Yanxiao · 6 passages

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知俊遂叛，臣於李茂貞，以兵攻雍、華，執劉捍送於鳳翔。 Zhijun rebelled, submitted to Li Maozhen, struck Yong and Hua, seized Liu Han, and sent him to Fengxiang.

太祖遣劉鄩、牛存節攻知俊，知俊遂奔於茂貞，茂貞地狹，無以處之，使之西攻靈武。 Zhu Wen sent Liu Yun and Niu Cunjie against him. Zhijun fled to Maozhen, whose lands were too narrow to hold him; Maozhen sent him west against Lingwu.

韓遜告急，太祖遣康懷英、寇彥卿等攻邠寧以牽之。 Han Xun cried for help. The Founder sent Kang Huaiying, Kou Yanqing, and others against Bin and Ning to tie Maozhen down.

茂貞大喜，以知俊為涇州節度使，使攻興元，取興、鳳，圍西縣。 Maozhen rejoiced, made Zhijun governor of Jing, and sent him against Xingyuan. He took Xing and Feng and besieged Xi county.

已而茂貞左右忌知俊功，以事間之，茂貞奪其軍。 Soon men at Maozhen’s ear envied Zhijun’s fame and whispered against him; Maozhen took his army away.

知俊乃奔於蜀，王建以為武信軍節度使，使返攻茂貞，取秦、鳳、階、成四州。 Zhijun fled to Shu. Wang Jian made him governor of Wuxin and sent him back against Maozhen; he took Qin, Feng, Jie, and Cheng.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 69Volume 69: Hereditary House of Nanping · 2 passages

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天復二年，梁兵攻鳳翔，李茂貞堅壁不出，太祖議欲收軍還河中，季興獨進曰：「天下豪傑窺此舉者一歲矣，今岐人已憊，破在旦夕，而大王之所慮者，閉壁以老我師，此可以誘致之也。」 In the second year of Tianfu, Liang forces besieged Fengxiang while Li Maozhen held the walls and refused to give battle. The Founding Emperor considered withdrawing to Hezhong, but Jixing alone stepped forward and said, "For a year the empire's strongmen have watched this campaign. The Qi forces are worn out now and will fall any day. What worries you, my lord, is their strategy of shutting the gates to exhaust our army—that is something we can lure them out of."

茂貞後與梁和，昭宗出，贈景官，謚曰忠壯。 Maozhen later made peace with Liang. When Emperor Zhaozong was released, he granted Jing a posthumous office and the posthumous title Loyal and Stalwart.