Li Yuanhao (李元昊) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Li Yuanhao as a general and ruler. This record brings together 22 passages from 9 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Li Yuanhao	李元昊	Li Yuanhao
Personal	Li Yuanhao	李元昊	Lǐ Yuánhào
Personal	Li Yuanhao	李元昊
Personal name	Li Yuanhao	李元昊	Li Yuanhao
Personal name	Li Yuanhao	李元昊	Lǐ Yuánhào
Title	Xia ruler Li Yuanhao	夏王李元昊
Personal name	Yuan Hao	元昊	Yuan Hao
Alternate	Yuanhao	元昊
Personal name	Yuanhao	元昊	Yuanhao
Given	Yuanhao	元昊	Yuanhao
Personal name	Yuanhao	元昊	Yuánhào
Personal	Yuanhao	元昊	Yuanhao

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:036:s0224, liaoshi:074:s0096
Sex: male
Explicit · liaoshi:085:s0119, liaoshi:095:s0030, liaoshi:109:s0009, liaoshi:114:s0049
Value: male
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:093:s0028

Roles

General
Ruler

Life and dates

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 十三年 · Regnal Year: 13 · Western Year: AD 1044
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:093:s0028
Source Date: Text: 元昊、諒祚智勇過人 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1038 · End: AD 1048
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:036:s0224
Source Date: Text: 十三年 · Western Year: AD 1044
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0107, liaoshi:019:s0120, liaoshi:019:s0121, liaoshi:019:s0122, liaoshi:019:s0137, liaoshi:019:s0138, liaoshi:019:s0139, liaoshi:019:s0141, liaoshi:019:s0145
Source Date: Text: 十二年 · Western Year: AD 1043
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0068, liaoshi:019:s0073
Source Date: Text: 興宗敗於李元昊 · Western Year: AD 1044
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:109:s0009, liaoshi:109:s0010
Source Date: Text: 重熙六年 · Western Year: AD 1037
Explicit · liaoshi:095:s0030
Source Date: Text: 重熙十一年 · Western Year: AD 1042
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:085:s0119
Source Date: Text: 重熙十三年 · Western Year: AD 1044
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:091:s0049, liaoshi:114:s0047, liaoshi:114:s0049
Source Date: Text: 重熙間 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1032 · End: AD 1055
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:074:s0096

Places and affiliations

Label: Western Xia / 西夏 · Relation: ruled
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:036:s0223, liaoshi:036:s0224
Label: Xia / 夏 · Relation: ruled
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0073, liaoshi:114:s0049
Label: Xia / 夏國 · Relation: ruled
Explicit · liaoshi:093:s0028

Works and attributed material

Kind: memorial · Role: author · Statement: Submitted a memorial begging forgiveness.
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0137

Events and relationships

Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: defeated · Other Person Id: Xingzong (興宗) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 興宗敗於李元昊 · Western Year: AD 1044
Explicit · liaoshi:109:s0009
Kind: military · Role: leader · Action: enabled-Tangut-and-Zubu-to-check-great-powers · Other Person Id: Li Liangzuo (李諒祚)
Explicit · liaoshi:036:s0224
Kind: military · Role: captor · Action: mutilated-captives-noses
Explicit · liaoshi:109:s0010
Kind: diplomatic · Role: counterpart · Action: sued-for-peace · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 重熙六年 · Western Year: AD 1037
Explicit · liaoshi:095:s0030
Kind: diplomatic-mission · Role: sent envoys offering to recover and present the rebels
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0138
Kind: diplomatic-mission · Role: sent envoys presenting local products
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0139
Kind: military-conflict · Role: target of a Liao mobilization
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0121
Kind: military-decision · Role: ceased hostilities
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0073
Kind: military-intervention · Role: aided the rebel tribes
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0120
Kind: pardon · Role: permitted to reform and dismissed
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0142
Kind: submission · Role: acknowledged guilt and received wine
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0141

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: surpassingly clever and brave · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · liaoshi:036:s0224

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

History of Liao, Chapter 19Volume 19 Annals 19: Xingzong 2 · 9 passages

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甲寅，耶律敵烈等使夏國還，奏元昊罷兵，即遣使報宋。 On jiayin day Yelü Dilie and others returned from their mission to Xia State and reported that Yuanhao had ceased hostilities; envoys were immediately dispatched to inform Song.

李元昊來援叛黨。 Li Yuanhao came to aid the rebels.

戊辰，詔征諸道兵會西南邊以討元昊。 On wuchen day an edict ordered troops from all routes mustered to assemble on the southwestern border to attack Yuanhao.

六月甲午，阻卜酋長烏八遣其子執元昊所遣求援使窊邑改來，乞以兵助戰，從之。 On jiawu day of the sixth month Zubu chieftain Wuba sent his son with Yuanhao's dispatched envoy seeking aid, Woyigai, whom he had seized, requesting troops to aid in battle; approval was granted.

丁酉，李元昊上表謝罪。 On dingyou day Li Yuanhao submitted a memorial begging forgiveness.

己亥，元昊遣使來奏，欲收叛黨以獻，從之。 On jihai day Yuanhao sent envoys memorializing that he wished to take back the rebels and present them; approval was granted.

辛亥，元昊遣使來進方物，詔北院樞密副使蕭革迓之。 On xinhai day Yuanhao sent envoys presenting local products; an edict ordered Northern Court Privy Vice Commissioner Xiao Ge to meet them.

革言元昊親率党項三部來，詔革詰其納叛背盟，元昊伏罪，賜酒。 Xiao Ge reported that Yuanhao was personally leading three Tangut tribes; an edict ordered Ge to reproach him for accepting rebels and breaking the alliance; Yuanhao acknowledged guilt and was granted wine.

丁巳，元昊遣使以先被執者來歸，詔所留夏使亦還其國。 On dingsi day Yuanhao sent envoys returning those previously captured; an edict ordered detained Xia envoys also returned to their state.

History of Liao, Chapter 36Volume 36 Treatises 6: Military 3 · 1 passage

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雖西北士馬雄勁，元昊、諒祚智勇過人，能使党項、阻卜掣肘大國，蓋亦襟山帶河，有以助其勢耳。 Even with strong northwestern cavalry, Yuanhao and Liangzuo's talent let Tangut and Zubu allies tie down a great empire, aided by mountains and rivers at their flank.

History of Liao, Chapter 74Volume 74 Biographies 4: Yelu Dila, Xiao Hendu, Kang Moji, Han Yanhui, Han Zhigu · 1 passage

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時延議征李元昊，力諫不聽，出為廣德軍節度使。 When the court debated war against Li Yuanhao he argued against it without success and was posted as Guangde Army military commissioner.

History of Liao, Chapter 85Volume 85 Biographies 15: Xiao Talin, Xiao Guanyinnu, Yelu Tizi, Yelu Xieli, Yelu Nugua, Xiao Liu, Gao Xun, Xi Heshuonu, Xiao Taliege, Yelu Sahe · 1 passage

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重熙十一年，使西夏，諭伐宋事，約元昊出別道以會。 In the eleventh year of Chongxi he was sent as envoy to Western Xia to discuss the campaign against Song and arranged for Yuan Hao to advance by a separate route to rendezvous with Liao forces.

History of Liao, Chapter 91Volume 91 Biographies 21: Yelu Hanba, Yelu Tanggu, Xiao Paizhe, Yelu Jue, Yelu Pulidu · 1 passage

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重熙十三年，將衛兵討李元昊有功，遷興聖宮使。 In the thirteenth year of Chongxi he led the guard troops against Li Yuanhao with merit and was promoted to director of the Xingsheng Palace.

History of Liao, Chapter 93Volume 93 Biographies 23: Xiao Hui, Xiao Yulu, Xiao Tuyu, Yelu Duozhen · 4 passages

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十三年，夏國李元昊誘山南党項諸部，帝親征。 In year 13, Li Yuanhao of Xia won over the Shannan Tangut tribes, and the emperor took the field in person.

元昊懼，請降。 Fearing the imperial advance, Yuanhao offered to submit.

惠曰：「元昊忘奕世恩，萌奸計，車駕親臨，不盡歸所掠。 Hui said, "Yuanhao has forgotten generations of imperial favor and plotted treason; even with the emperor himself on campaign, he still will not return all he has taken.

元昊走，惠麾先鋒及右翼邀之。 Yuanhao fled, and Hui sent the vanguard and right wing to cut him off.

History of Liao, Chapter 95Volume 95 Biographies 25: Yelu Honggu, Yelu Maliu, Xiao Dilie, Yelu Shilu, Yelu Chenjianu, Yelu Teme, Yelu Xiantong, Xiao Susa, Yelu Dabeinu · 2 passages

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會車駕西征，元昊乞降，帝以前後反覆，遣滴冽往覘誠否。 When the emperor campaigned westward and Yuanhao sued for peace, the emperor, mindful of Yuanhao's past reversals, sent Dilie to ascertain whether his submission was sincere.

因為元昊陳述禍福，聽命乃還。 He laid out for Yuanhao the blessings and calamities of each course; once Yuanhao submitted to his counsel, Dilie returned.

History of Liao, Chapter 109Volume 109 Biographies 39: Music and Imperial Officials · 2 passages

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興宗敗於李元昊也，單騎突出，幾不得脫。 After Emperor Xingzong's defeat at the hands of Li Yuanhao of Western Xia, he fled the field alone and nearly failed to get away.

先是，元昊獲遼人，輒劓其鼻，有奔北者惟恐追及。 Before this, Yuanhao had captured Liao soldiers and routinely mutilated their noses, so men fleeing homeward lived in terror of being overtaken.

History of Liao, Chapter 114Volume 114 Biographies 44: Rebellious Officials 3 · 1 passage

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遇夏王李元昊來圍，勢甚急。 He encountered the Xia ruler Li Yuanhao coming to surround him; the situation grew extremely desperate.